DESVIOS

Vamos a ver dos mtodos para calcular un desvo, estos son(a)mtodo de Colesy
(b)el mtodo IRS.

A continuacin se describen algunos puntos caractersticos de estos mtodos, y

son los mas importantes en el diseo de un desvio:

Longitud curva (CL) Esta es la distancia desde el punto tangente (T) hasta la punta
terica de cruce (TNC)medida a lo largo de la va principal.

Longitud aguja (SL) Esta es la distancia desde el punto tangente (T) al taln de la
aguja (TL) medido a lo largo de la va principal.

Longitud de cruce (L) es la distancia medida a lo largo de la va principal de la

siguiente manera:
Longitud de cruce(L)=longitud curva(CL)longitud aguja(SL)

Trocha(G)Esta es la trocha terica de la va

Divergencia del taln (d) es la distancia entre la cara activa de la va principal y la

cara activa del taln de aguja.

Angulo de cruzamiento es el ngulo entre la va principal y la tangente del

desvo.

Radio del desvo (R)este es el radio del tramo circular del desvo.El radio R es igual
al radio sobre la va principal mas la mitad de la trocha,
R=R1+0.5G
Como el radio de una curva es bastante grande, para fines prcticos, R puede
tomarse igual a R1.
ACCESORIOS ESPECIALES USADOS EN LOS DESVIOS

Algunos de los accesorios especiales para los desvos se enumeran a continuacin.

Distance blocksSpecial types of distance blocks with fishing fit surfaces

areprovidedatthenoseofthecrossingtopreventanyverticalmovementbetween
thewingrailandthenoseofthecrossing.

Flat bearing platesAs turnouts do not have any cant, flat bearing plates
areprovidedunderthesleepers.

Spherical washersThese are special types of washers and consist of two

pieceswith a spherical point of contact between them. This permits the two
surfacestolieatanyangletoeachother.Thesewashersareusedforconnecting
twosurfacesthatarenotparalleltooneanother.Normally,taperedwashersare
necessaryforconnectingsuchsurfaces.Sphericalwasherscanadjusttotheuneven
bearingsoftheheadornutofaboltandsoareusedonallboltsintheheelandthe
distanceblocksbehindtheheelonthelefthandsideofthetrack.
Slide chairsThese are provided under tongue rails to allow them to move
laterally.Thesearedifferentforordinaryswitchesandoverridingswitches.

Grade off chairsThese are special chairs provided behind the heel of the
switchestogiveasuitableramptothetonguerail,whichisraisedby6mmatthe
heel.

GaugetieplatesTheseareprovidedoverthesleepersdirectlyunderthetoeof
theswitches,andunderthenoseofthecrossingtoensurepropergaugeatthese
locations.

Stretcher barsThese are provided to maintain the two tongue rails at an

exactdistance.

Coles method

Thisisamethodusedfordesigningaturnouttakingofffromastraighttrack(Fig.
14.11).Thecurvaturebeginsfromapointonthestraightmaintrackaheadofthe
toeoftheswitchatthetheoreticaltoeofswitch(TTS)andendsatthetheoretical
noseofcrossing(TNC).Theheeloftheswitchislocatedatthepointwherethe
offsetofthecurveisequaltotheheeldivergence.Theoretically,therewouldbeno
kinksinthislayout,hadthetonguerailbeencurvedasalsothewingrailuptothe
TNC.Sincetonguerailsandwingrailsarenotcurvedgenerally,therearethe
followingthreekinksinthislayout.

(a) Thefirstkinkisformedattheactualtoeoftheswitch.

(b) Thesecondkinkisformedattheheeloftheswitch.

(c) The third kink is formed at the first distance block of the crossing. The
notationsusedinFig.14.11arethefollowing.

Curvelead(CL)=AE=TE'

Switchlead(SL)=TL

Leadofcrossing(L)=LE'

Gaugeoftrack(G)=AT=EE'
 Angleofthecrossing()CEAECE

Heelofdivergence(d)=LM

Numberofthecrossing(N)=cot

Radiusofouterrailofturnoutcurve(R)=OE=OT(Oisthe
centreoftheturnoutcurve)

Calculations

Curvelead(CL)InATE,

=2GN(approximately)

Switch lead (SL)TL is the length of the tangent with an offset LM =D=
heeldivergence.

From the properties of triangles, SL SL

=d(2Rd)
Leadofcrossing(L)

L=curveleadswitchlead

Radiusofcurve(R)InAOE,

OE=OT=R,OA=RG
OE2=OA2+AE2
OE2=(RG)2+(curvelead)2

Example14.1Calculatetheleadandradiusofa1in8.5BGturnoutfor90Rrails
usingColesmethod.
IRS method

Inthislayout(Fig.14.12),thecurvebeginsfromtheheeloftheswitchandendsat
the toe of the crossing, which is at the centre of the first distance block. The
crossingisstraightandnokinkisexperiencedatthispoint.Theonlykinkoccursat
thetoeoftheswitch.ThisisthestandardlayoutusedonIndianRailways.The
calculations involved in this method aresomewhat complicated and hence this
methodisusedonlywhenprecisionisrequired.
Example 14.2Calculate the lead and radius of a 1 in 8.5 BG turnout with
straightswitches.UsetheIRSmethod.

Example 14.3A turnout is to be laid off a straight BG track with a 1 in

12crossing.Determinetheleadandradius of theturnoutwiththe helpof the
followingdata:heeldivergence(d)=133mm,crossingangle()=445'49'',
switch angle () = 1 8'00'', straight length between the theoretical nose of
crossingandthetangentpointofcrossing(h)=1.418m.

Standard turnouts and permissible speeds

OnIndianRailways,normally1in8.5turnoutsareusedforgoodstrainswhile1in
12and1in16turnoutsareusedforpassengertrains.Recently1in20and1in24
turnoutshavealsobeendesignedbytheRDSO,tobeusedtopermithigherspeeds
for fast trains on the turnout side. The maximum speeds permitted on these
turnoutsaregiveninTable14.5.

Table 14.5 Permissible speeds on turnouts

Source:IndianRailwayPermanentWayManual(IRPWM)Correctionslipno.
94dated1June2004.

*AspertheIndianRailwaywayandworks(IRWW)manual,aspeedof15km/h
was originally permitted on 1 in 8.5 turnouts. However, due to a subsequent
numberofderailmentsofpassengertrainsonturnincurves,thespeedsonthese
turnoutshaverowbeenreducedto10km/honly.

Thefiguresinthesecondrowcorrespondtocurvedswitches.

Aspeedof30km/hisalsopermittedon1in12turnoutsonthoseinterlocked
sections where all turnouts over which a running train may pass are 1 in 12
throughoutthesectionandthelocomotivesarefittedwithspeedometers.Inall
othercases,speedisrestrictedto15km/honly.

60km/hpermittedonlyforhighspeedturnoutstoDrg.No.RDST/T403.

Turnout with Curved Switches

The following formulae are used for the calculation of turnouts with curved
switches

whereRistheradiusoftheouter leadrail,Gisthegauge,histheleadofthe
straightlegofthecrossingaheadofTNCuptotheTPoftheleadcurve,tisthe
thicknessoftheswitchatthetoe,Iisthedistancefromthetoeoftheswitchtothe
pointwherethetangentdrawntotheextendedleadcurveisparalleltothemain
linegaugeface,Visthedistancebetweenthemainlinegaugefaceandthetangent
drawntotheleadcurvefromadistancelfromthetoe,yistheverticalordinate
alongtheYaxis,isthecrossingangle,andistheswitchangle.

Layout of Turnout
Tolayoutaturnoutinthefield,thevaluesofoffsetsfromthegaugefaceofthe
straighttracktothegaugefaceoftheturnoutmaybeadoptedfromTable14.6.

Table 14.6 Laying turnouts in the field*