Advanced Technique for Optimal Allocation of Static

Var Compensators in Large-Scale Interconnected

Networks
1 M. Taleb , A. Salem , A. Ayman , M. A. Azma
1, 2 1 1
1 Electrical
Power and Machines Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
2 Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA

Abstract
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are
recently employed to overcome the power system
stability challenges. Optimal number, device
location, and setting parameters of FACTS devices in
large-Scale Interconnected Networks (LSIN) are
considered a complex multi-objective requirement.
In this paper, an advanced technique for optimal
numbering, location, and sizing of Static-VAR
Compensator (SVC) in LSIN is developed. The
technique utilizes a line stability index for optimal
numbering and location of the SVC. The optimal
sizing is achieved via Cuckoo Search (CS) heuristic
optimization technique. The proposed technique is
applied to an IEEE-57 bus system in case of outage
of line 50 and IEEE-39 bus system with penetration
of wind energy generation. The simulation work, of
the proposed technique applied to the two different
networks, is implemented within MatlabTM program.
The proposed technique enhances the voltage
profile, system stability and reduces the overall
power losses as per the study cases. The results
obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed
technique to be utilized for LSIN
Optimization Algorithm
Cuckoo Search algorithm (CS) [1]
Cuckoo search (CS) is a meta heuristic
optimization algorithm developed by Xin-she
Yang and Suash Deb in 2009.
The obligate brood parasitic and breeding
behavior of some cuckoo species is considered
the core of the CS algorithm in combination with
the Lvy flights
Cuckoo species lay their eggs in a foreign nest of
other host birds and may remove some of the
original eggs to increase the probability of their
eggs to be successfully hatched. Through the
following three rules CS mathematical algorithm
is generated:-
1) Each cuckoo bird lays only one egg at a time and
keeps it in a randomly chosen nest.
2) The best nests with high quality of eggs
(solutions) will be the best place to the next
generations
3) The host bird can discover an alien egg with
probability (0, 1) where it may abandon the nest
or through the foreign egg.
The lines can be arranged from the most critical line
with higher index number to the most stable line .
SVC controllershave been used for the system
compensation. On contrary, the power losses
If Lmn is less than 1, the system will be stable and increased from 0.2847 to 0.29737 PU compared to
when this index exceeds the value 1, the stability of the results in [4]. However, this small increase in
the system will be lost as well as voltage collapse transmission losses is not comparable with the cost
occurs. of adding extra nine SVC controllers.
SVC Model Proposed Technique Procedures
SVC controller is modeled as reactive power source
based on its mode of operation connected shunt to
the load buses and its capacity vary from -300 to
300 MVAR in this work. The proposed technique as
illustrated in Fig.3
Case-1 Study
The first case presents the IEEE 39 bus system with
an outage of generator at bus 39 and 200% wind
power penetration of the replaced conventional
generator at bus 37, while at bus 39 the load is
decreased from 1104 MW to 900 MW as presented
in [3].
The system voltage is deteriorated after
reconstruction at the following buses : 39,9,8,7,5,
37,6,4, and 12.
Case-2 Study
Figure 2. Flowchart of CS algorithm.
IEEE 57 bus system with outage of branches 50 as
presented in [4].
The system voltage is deteriorated after the
contingency at the following buses :
34,35,36,37,39,33,40,32,57,31,56,42,30,25,41, and
26.
Objective Function
Maximizing the bus-bar minimum voltage which can
result in minimizing the transmission system losses.
The constraint for this objective function is 0.95
Vm 1.06 P. U.; where V is the magnitude of the
bus voltage and m is the bus number.
Results and Analysis
Bus No. SVC Size Unit
1 -299.215 MVAR
6 -111.207 MVAR

Table 1. Optimal Allocation of SVCs in Case of Modified IEEE-39.

Line stability index (Lmn) Bus No. SVC Size Unit Figure 3. The proposed technique flowchart .

56 -10.1865 MVAR Conclusion

Lmn index is one of the most commonly used
indicators by the operators and planners . It was
derived by Moghavvemi [2] based on power flow
through a single transmission line, shown in below
Figure. The interconnected network was proposed
as multiple single transmission lines.
4 XQ r
Lmn & Lmn
( Vs * Sin ( ))^ 2
Figure 1. Single Transmission Line.
40 -21.4281
46 16.9008
Table 2. Optimal Allocation of SVCs in Case of Modified IEEE-57.
.
Using only two SVC controllers instead of using six
TCSC controllers which were proposed in [3] in case
1
of modified IEEE-39 the minimum voltage increased
to 0.96 instead of 0.91 PU, and the transmission
power losses is reduced to 1.04563 instead 1.13 PU
Compared to the results in [4] of IEEE-57 which used
a voltage constraints of 0.95 V 1.05 P. U. for
the voltage limits, there were twelve
MVAR In this paper, an advanced technique is employed in
order to find the optimal number, location and
setting of SVC FACTS devices to regulate the system
MVAR abnormal condition. The line stability index and CS
algorithm have been used in this study to allocate
the SVC devices in LSINs. The proposed technique is
applied to the modified IEEE-39 and IEEE-57 and the
results are compared with the corresponding work
tabulated in [3] and in [4]. From the results, it is
concluded that the proposed technique is a
promising technique and it will help the power
system planners to handle the deregulated and
restructured electricity markets.

Contact References
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