Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians Vol.2 (1888)

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CYCLOPEDIA OF
Music and Musicians
Volume II
EASTER -MYSTERES
CYCLOPEDIA OF
MUSIC AND MUSICIANSy
EDITED BY
JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.
CRITICAL EDITOR
WILLIAM FOSTER APTHORP
IV/TH MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS
5 ',','>'
VOLUME II
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
M DCCC LXXX IX
TOE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
*TOR, LENOX ANO

TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
" 19)6
Copyright, i88q, by
Charles Scribner's Sons.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FULL-PAGE PORTRAITS
To Face
Page
1. CHARLES GOUNOD
From a photograph by Nadar, Paris, . . 48
2. GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL

From the engraving by VV . Bromley, after the painting br Hudson, . , q6
3. JOSEF HAYDN
From the engraving by Sichli)ig, after the painting by Riisler, . , 144
4. ORLANDO LASSO v,\\V \M '- '"'.!
From the engraving by lohann Sadeler (i6'^2), . . . . ,

",'.'' ',5^4'
'>''''
',
S-
FRANZ LISZT
From a contemporary stretch by Kenonard, 240
6- JEAN BAPTISTE LULLY to Fac.
Page
From the engraving by Jean Louis Roullet , after the painting by
Paul Mignard, 288
7- FELIX .MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY
From the engraving by G. Seidel, 18^2, ,,^
8. GIACOMO MEYERBEEK
From the lithograph by Ch. Fogt , 184^, ^g,
9- WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

From the engraving by Sichling, after the painting by Tiscl}bein, . .
4^2
10. JOHN KNOWLES PAINE

From a photograph by Balt{ty, Cambridge. Mass..
480
11. GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA

From the engraving by Boettcher, after the portrait in tl}e Vatican, . ^28
fi;
,.;" '
HENRY PURCELL
[f^rôiti: ihn engraving by Zobel, after the painting by Closterman, . .
^j6
. .
PORTRAITS OF MUSICIANS.
DRAWN BY VAL^RIEN GRIBAY^DOFF.
PAGE PAGB
1. Eberlin, Daniel 2 34. Gleason, Frederic Grant 155
2. Eckert, Karl 4 35. Glinka, Michail Ivauovitch , . 156
3. Eddy, Clarence 5 36. Glover, John William 157
4. Eicliberg, -Julius 8 37. Gluck, Christoph Willibald von. . 158
5. Elvey, Sir George Jol) 15 38. Goes, Damiao de 1G4
6. Ernst, Heinricb Wilhelui 25 39. Goetz, Hermann 164
40. Goldbeck, Robert 105
7. Fascli, Karl Friedricli C'liristiaii. . 43 41. Goldmark, Karl 167
8. Faure, Jean Baptiste 45 42. Goldschmidt, Otto 167
9. Fesca, Friedricli Ernst 57 43. Gomez, Antonio Carlos. .. ...^^^^ 169
10. Fetis, Frauyois Joseph 59 44. Gossec, Franyois Joseph 172
11. Field, John 03 45. Gottschalk, Louis Moreau 176
12. Fiorillo,Federigo 70 46. Gounod, Charles, in 1840 178
13. Floersheini, Otto 70 47. Gounod, Charles, in 188(5 178
14. Flotow, Friedrich von 78 48. Graben-Hofl'mann, Gustav 180
1 5. Foggia, Francesco 80 49. Griidener, Karl 181
l(i. Poster, Stephen Collins 85 50. Grammann, Carl 183
17. Frederick the Great 90 51. Grami, Karl Heiurioh 180
18. Frost, Charles Joseph 103 52. Gretry, Andre 192
53. Grieg, Eilvard 194
19. Gade, Niels 109 54. Grisar, Albert 196
20. Gadsby, Henry Robert Ill 55. Griinfeld, Alfred 201
21. Garrett, George Mursell 121 50. Grutzmacher, Friedricli 201
22. Gaul, Alfred 125 57. Guignon, Jean Pierre 205
23. Gemiuiani, Francesco 132 58. Gumbert, Ferdinand 208
24 Gerber, Ernst Ludwig 134 59. Gumpeltzhaimer, Adam 208
25. Gericke, Wilhelm 135 GO. Gung'l, Joseph 209
26. Gernsheim, Friedricli 137
27. Gibbons, Christojpher 143 01. Habeneck, Pranjois Autoino 211
28. Gibbons, Orlando 144 62. Halevy, Promental 215
29. Gilbert, Thomas Bennett 14G 03. Halle, Charles 217
30. Gilbert, Walter Bond 146 64. Hamerik, Asger 218
31. Gilchrist, William Wallace 146 05. Hammerschmidt, Andreas 220
32. Giovauelli, Ruggiero 150 66. Handel, George Frideric 221
33. Gladstone, Francis Edward 154 07. Hartmaun, Emil 232
vil
.
PORTRAITS OF MUSICIANS
PAGE
68. Hartmann, Emil, elder 232 113. Jakabowski, Eduard 324
69. Hartmaun, Ludwig 233 114. Jeep, Johann 329
70. Hasse, Jobaim Adolpb 234: 115. Jekj'U, Charles Sherwood 330
71. Hassler, Hans Leo 236 116. Jensen, Adolf 330
72. Hassler, Joliann 'Wilhelm 237 117. Joachim, Joseph 334
73. Hatton, John Lipliot 237 118. Jommelli, Niccolo 336
74 Hauptmann, Moiitz 238 119. Joncieres, Victoriu de 339
75. Hauser, Miska. 240 120. Joseify, Rafael 339
7G. Hawes, William 241 121. Joze, Thomas Eicbard Gonzalvez. 342
77. Haydn, Josef 241 122. Julien, Louis Autoiue 345
78. Haydn, j\Iicbael 247
79. Heap, Charles Swinuerton 248 123. Kalkbrenner, Friedricb 349
80. Heller, Stephen 252 124. Kalliwoda, Johann Wenzel 350
81. Hellniesberger, Josei)h 253 125. Kerl, Johann Kaspar von 361
82. Henschel, Georg 256 12G. Kes, "Willem 362
83. Heuselt, Adolf von 257 127. Kiel, Friedricb 364
84. Herbeck, Johann Franz von 259 128. King, Oliver 367
85. Herman, Eeinhold Ludwig 200 129. Kirclmer, Theodor 369
86. Herold, Louis 262 130. Ivirnberger, Johann Philipp 370
87. Herve 265 131. Kjerulf, Halfdan 371
88. Herz, Henri 266 132. Klein, Bruno Oscar 374
89. Heymann, Karl 269 133. Klugbardt, August 378
90. Hiles, Henry 270 134. Kr.bler, Louis 381
91. Hiller, Ferdinand 270 135. Kontski, Autoinc de 385
92. Hiller, Johann Adam 273 136. Korbaj', Francis Alexander. 386
93. Hilton, John 274 137. Krause, Anton 391
94. Himmel, Friedricb Heinrich 274 138. lu'ebs, Karl August 392
95. Hoffmann, Ernst 277 139. Kretscbmer, Edmund 393
9G. Hoffman, Richard 279 140. Kreutzer, Konradin 395
97. Hofmann, Heinrich 280 141. Kreutzer, IJodolphe 396
98. Holder, Joseph ^Yilliam 282 142. Krieger, Adam 397
99. Holmes, Henry 283 143. Krommer, Franz 399
100. Holstein, Franz von 284 144. Kiickeu, Friedricb Wilhelm 401
101. Homilius, Gottfried August 286 145. Kube, Wilhelm 402
102. Hook, James 287 14(5. Kublau, Friedricb 402
Jerome
103. Hojikins, 288 147. Kullak, Theodor 405
101 Hopkins, Edward John 288 148. Kummer, Friedricb August 405
105. Horneman, Emil Christian 290
106. Horsley, William 291 149. Labitzky, Joseph 411
107. Hummel, Johann Nepomuk 298 150. Lachner, Franz 411
108. Hyllested, August 303 151. Lahee, Henry 416
152. Lalaude, Michel Richard de 417
109. Iliflfe, Frederick. 306 153. Lalo, :6douard 417
110. Isouard, Nicolo . . 316 154. Lalouette, Jean Francois 417
155. Lampe, Johann Friedricb 419
111. Jadassohn, Salomon 321 156. Lang, Benjamin Johnson 420
112. Jaell, Alfred 322 157. Laniere, Nicholas 422
.
POllTRAITS OF MUSICIANS
PAGE PAGE
158. Lanrier, Josejili 423 198. Maretzek, Mas 518
150. Lassen, Eduanl 425 190. Marschner, Heinrich 524
IGO. Lasso, Oilaiulo 426 200. Martini, Giovanni Battista 528
161. Lavallee, Calixa 434 201. Marx, Adolpb Bernhard 530
1G2. Lawes, Henry 434 202. Marzi.als, Theophilus 531
1G3. Leclair, Jean Marie 437 203. Mason, Lowell 532
16J:. Lecocq, Charles 438 204. Masse, Tictor 534
165. Lefebure-Wuly, Louis James Al- 205. Massenet, Jules 534
fred "
440 206. Mattheson, Johann 530
1G6. Lejeuno, Claude 444 207. IVIayer, Charles 540
1G7. Leo, Leonardo - 447 208. Mchul, Etienne Nicolas 547
168. Leschetitzky, Theodor 450 j
200. ]\Ieinardus, Ludwig 540
160. Leslie, Henry 450 210. Meudelssohn-Bartholdv, Felix, in
'
170. Lesueur, Jean Franyois 451 1821 5.52
171. Leveridge, llicbard 454 21L Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix . . . 553

172. Liebling, Eniil 458 212. Mercadaute, Saverio 560
173. Liudpaintner, Peter von 463 213. Merkel, Gustav 562
174. Lipinslii, Karl Joseph 466 214. Mermet, Auguste 563
175. Liszt, Franz, in 1844 467 21.5. Methfessel, Albert Gottlieb 568
17G. Liszt, Franz, in 1886 468 216. M6tra, Olivier 568
177. Litolff, Henry 470 217. Meyerbeer, Giacomo 560
178. Lobe, Johann Christian 472 218. Mifler, Edward 573
170. Look, Matthew 474 210. aiillr.cker, Karl 574
ISO. Loder, Edward James 474 ! 220. Mills, Sebastian Bach 575
181. Loewe, Karl 476 221. MoUenhauer, Edward 580
182. Logier, Johann Bernhard 477 9 '70 Mondonville, Jean Joseijh Cas-
183. Longhurst, William Henry 481 sanea de 580
184. Lortzing, Albert 484 223. Monk, Edwin George 581
185. Lully, Jean Baptiste 402 224. Mousigny, Pierre Alexandre
583
186. Lumbyo, Hans Christian 405 225. Monte, Philipiê de 584
187. Luther, Martin 406 226. Morales, Cristofano 586
188. Lvoflf, Alexis ,
408 227. Morgan, George Washbourn .... 587
228. Moseheles, Ignaz 500
180. Maas, Louis 498 229. ]\Iosel, Ignaz Franz von 503
190. Maccunn, Hamish 500 230. Moszkowski, Moritz 504
191. Macfarreu, Sir George Alexan- 231. Mottl, Felix 504
der .501 232. Mozart, Leopold 596
192. Macirone, Clara Angela 502 233. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, in
103. Mackenzie, Alexander Campbell. 502 boyhood 596

194. Maclean, Charles Donald 502 234. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, in
195. Marcello, Benedetto 514 1780 508
196. Marchand, Louis 515 235. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, in
197. Marchetti, Filippo 517 1790 508
..
.
PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, FACSIMILES.

ETC.
PACK
1. Autograph of Ludwig Ehlert, 1864 8 I
20. Autograph of Girolamo Fresco-
2. Persiani, as Adina 13 baldi, 1008 99
3. Portrait of Minna Pescbka-Leut- I
27. Autograph of Johann Jacob Fro-
ner 19 berger, 1650 102
4. Autograph of Heinrich Wilhelm 28. Autograph of Johann Joseph Fux,
Ernst, 1843 25 1728 107
|
5. Caroline Duprez, as Catherine .... 29 29. Autograph of Niels Gade

j
110
G. Battaille, as Pierre 30 30. Portrait of Violaute Camporese
j
. . . 128
7. Portrait of Henrietta Sontag 32 31. Autograjjli of Ernst Ludwig Ger-
8. Portrait of CaffarelU 41 ber, 1808 135
9. Autograph of Johaun Friedrich 32. Autograjsh of Fran(;ois Auguste
Fasch, 1713 43 Gevaert, 1877 139
10. Autograph of Jean Baptiste 33. Portrait of Senesino 153
Faure 45 34. Portrait of INIarietta Branibilla .... 153
11. Miolan-Carvalho, as Marguerite .. 40 35. Autograph of Michail Ivauovitch
12. Eosiue Loonore
Stolz, as 48 Glinka, 1845 150
13. Portrait of Jenny Lind 51 30. Facsimile of Gluck's MS. begin- :
14. Portrait of Alexandrine Branchu . 53 ning of the Overture to Aleeste 159 .
15. Autograph of Francois Joseph Fc- 37. Autograph of Christoph Willibald

tis, 1853 00 von Gluck, 1769 160
16. Portrait ofSchnkler-Devriont .... 02 38. Autograph of Hermann Goetz,
17. Autograph of John Field, 1815. . . 04 1868 165
18. Max Sti'igemann, as Dcr Fliegende 39. Autograph of Francois Joseph Gos-
HolUinder 75 sec, 1793 173
19. Autograph of Friedrich von Flotow 79 40. Materna, as Briinnhilde 174
20. Autogi-aph of Johann Nicolaus For- 41. Autograph of Charles Gounod,
kel, 1804 83 1860 179
21. Charles Santley, as Pra Diavolo. . 87 42. Autogi-aph of Eduard Grell, 1884. 191
22. Autogi-aph of" Melchior Franck, 43. Autogi-aph of Andre Grotry 194
1638 89 44. Autograph of Edvard Grieg, 1886 195 .
23. Facsimile of the MS. of Eobert 45. Portrait of Anastasia Robinson 197
Franz 93 40. Duprez, as Arnold 206
24. Autograph of Eobert Franz 93 47. Autograph of Fromental Halevy. . 210
25. Portrait of Therese Malten 97 48. Faure, as Hamlet 219
..
PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.
49. Nilsson, as Opliulie 219 79. Autograph of Gottfried August

50. Autograph of Andreas Hammer- Homilius, 175.5 286
schmidt, 1G75 221 SO. Portrait of Giuseppe Mario 295
51. Facsimile of Handel's MS. : first 81. Autograph of Johann Nepomok
page of The Messiah 222 Hummel, 1826 299
52. Birthplace of Handel 223 82. Portrait of Sophie Arnould 311
53. Handel's Harpsichord, South Ken- 83. Portrait of Rosalie Levasseur .... 312
sington ^Museum 22-1 84. Autograph of Heinrich Isaak,
54. Death-:\lask of Handel 221 1497 314
55. Handel Statue at Halle 225 85. Autograph of Nicolo Isouard,
56, Handbook-Plate, Commemoration, 1807 317
1784 226 86. Elleviou, as Jean de Paris 329
57. Autograph of Handel, 1730 227 87. Autograph of Adolf Jensen 331
58. Autograph of Handel, 1759, after 88. Portrait of Mathilde Mallinger. 332 .
his blindness 227 89. Autograph of Niccold Jommelli,

59. Portrait of Eugeu Gura 228 1752 338
60. Autograph of Johaim Adolph 90. Falcon, as Rachel 344
Hasse, 1757 236 91. Autogi'ai^h of Friedi'ich Kalkbren-
61. Autograph of Hans Leo Hassler, ner, 1828 349
1605. 230 92. Autograph of Friedrieh Kiel,
62. Autograph of J.acob Hassler, 1609. 237 1880. 364
63. Autograph of ISIoritz Hauptmaun, 93. Autograph of Theodor Kirclnier,
1842 239 1878 3(;9
64 Facsimile of Haydn's JIS. : from 94. Autograph of Johann Pliilipp
Divertimeuti for String Instru- Kirnberger, 1780 370
ments 242 95. Autograph of Kouradin Kreutzer,
65. Silhouette of Haydn 243 1819 395
66. Birthplace of Haydn 243 96. Autograph of Johann Phllipp
67. Haydn's Tomb 244
Krieger, 1677 398

68. Autograph of Josef Haydn 246 97. Autograph of Franz Lachner,
69. Autograph of Da\id Hoinichen, 1804 412
1710 250 98. L'Allemand, as Lakme 416
70. Autograph of Stephen Heller, 99. Autograph of Eduard Lassen,
1880 253 1871 425
71. Autograph of Adolf von Heuselt, 100. Autograph of Orlando Lasso,
1882 258 1573. 430
72. Portrait of Adelaide Borghi-Mamo
259 101. Autograph of Giovanni Legrenzi,
.
73. Autograph of Louis Herold, 1814. 264 1605 443

74. Autograph of Hervr 266 102. Autograph of Leonardo Leo,
75. Autogi-aph of Ferdinand Hiller, 1741 448
1863 273 103. Autogi-aph of Jean Francois Le-
76. Autograph of Johann Adam Hiller, sueur, 1828 I
453
1775 274 104. Portrait of Annie Louise Gary
'
461 . .
77. Autograph of Ernst Hoffmann, 105. Autograph of Peter von Lind-

1816 278 paintuer, 1836 464
Autograph of Franz vou Holsteiu, 106. Facsimile of Liszt's MS. from :
1872 284 Christus 469

..
. ..
PORTUAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPIIS, ETC.

PAGE 1
PAGR
107. Autograph of Franz 170 133. Autograph of Jakob Meilaiid,
Liszt, 1830.
108. Portrait of Anna iMaria Crouch 475 . 1570 548
101). Autograpli of Karl Loewe, 1820. 477 134. Emil Fischer, as Hans Sachs .... 550
110. Autograph of Johauu Bernhard 135. Mendelssohn's Birthplace 553
Logier, 182G 477 13G. Facsimile of Mendelssohn's MS. :
111. Emil Goetz, as Lohengrin 478 Wer hat dich, du schOuer

112. Albaui, as Elsa 479 \Vald 55G
11;?. Autogra2)h of Albert Lortziug, 137. Autograph of Mendelssohn 558
1850 484 138. Autograph of Saverio Merca-
114. Autograph of Aiitonio Lotti, dante, 1838 5G1
1739 487 139. Portrait of Clara Novello 5GG
115. Portrait of Dolores Nau 490 140. Portrait of Sims Reeves 5GG
IIG. Portrait of Theresa Tietjens 491 141. Autograph of Giacouio Meyer-
117. Portrait of Anna de Lagrange. 492 . beer, 1820
.
571
lis. Autograph of Jeau Baptiste 142. Sigrid Arnoldson, as IMignon. . . . 572
LuHy, 1G72 494 113. Autograjjli of Wilhelm Bernhard
110. Autograph of Alexis Lvoff, 1857 498 Molique, 1831
. 579
120. Portrait of Marianne Brandt 507 144. Autograph of Pierre Alexandre
121. Autograjjh of Benedetto Marcello, Mousigny, 1795 583
1711 515 145. Autograph of Claudio Moute-
122. Autograph of Friedrich Wilhelm verde, 1G17 585
Mari)urg, 1757 523 14G. Autograph of Francesco Morlac-
123. Autograph of Heiurich Jlarsch- chi 588
uer 525 147. Tomb of Moscheles, Leipsic 590
121. Portrait of Marzella Sembrich. 52G 148. Autograph of Moscheles, 184G.
. . . 591
125. Autograph Giovanni Battista
of 149. Autograph of Moritz Moszkow-
Martini, 17G5 528 sld 594
12G. Autograph of Jules Massenet. 535 150. Autograph of Leopold Mozart,
. .
127. Portrait of Jean Blaise IMartin 535 . 1770

. .
596
128. Portrait of Maria Felicita Mali- 151. Facsimile of Mozart's ^MS. Goe- :
bran 537 the's " Das Veileheu." 597

129. Autograph of Stanislao Mattei, 152. :Mozarfs Birthplace 599
1817 538 153. Mozart's IMonumeut, Vienna GOl
130. Pasta, as Medea 544 154. Mozart's Ear and Ordinary Ear GOl .
131. Portrait of Alwina Valleria 5-4G 155. Autograph of Mozart, 1770 GOl
132. Autograph of Etienne Nicolas 15G. Autograph of August Gottlieb
Mi:4iul, 1800 548 Muflat, 1717...^ GOG
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.
A., A]in. M., INIonsiour.

B., Bass, Basso, etc. MUo, Mademoiselle.
Bar., Baritone. Mine, Madame.
B. M. v., Beata Maria Virgo. MS., MSS., Manuscript, Manuscripts
Biog., Biography, Bio gratia etc. M. S., Mezzo-soprano.
Cath., Catlieilral. Mus. Bac, Bachelor of Music.
Ch., Church. Mus. Doc, Doctor of Music.
Col., Collection. n. d., no date.
do., ditto. op., opus, opera.

etc., et cetera. Iv. A. M, Royal Academy of Music.
et seq., et seqnentia. S., Soprano.
Fr., French. S., Sta., San, Santa.
Ger., German. S. M., Santa Maria.
ib., ibidem, Sp., Spanish.
id., idem. St., Saint.
It., Italian. T., Tenor.

L. of Honour, Legion of Honour. Voc, Voces.
Lib., Liber. Vol., Volume.
*^* Worth in italics iiuHcate the alj habeti -al place of articles on the subjects specifiei
,
CYCLOPEDIA
OF
Music AND Musicians.
EASTER ORATORIO. See Oder-Ova- lêln. Works Operas : Der Schutzgeist,

toriiim. given in Berlin, 1798 ; Selico und Borissa,
EBDON, THOMAS, born in Dur- ib., 1798 ; 1799 Der Deserteur, Melida, ib., ;
ham, Englaml, in 1738, died there, Sept. 23, Der Brautigamsspiegel, Breslau, 1800 Das ;
ISll. Organist of Durham Cathedral from Fest der Liebe, ib., 1801 Die Gaben des ;
1763 until his death. Works 2 volumes of Genius, ib., 1802 Das Fest im Eichthale,
: ;
eathedr.al music (1790-1810) Collection of ib., 1807 Anacreon in Jonien, ib., 1810
; ; ;
six glees (1780) 2 sonatas for the harpsi- Der Naehtwilchter, ib., 1812
; Music to the ;
chord (about 1780) Anthems and other tragedy Larnassa Die Unsterblichkeit, or-
; ;

chui-ch music in MS.- Grove Mendel. atorio
; Wiedersehen, cantata ; Lob der ;
EBELING, JOHANN GEORG, born in geselligen Freude, do. 2 funeral cantatas, ;
Liineburg about 1020, died in Stettin in and a birthday cantata (1801-3) Preis der ;
1676. He became in 1662 musical director Tonkunst, cantata 5 symphonies 2 con- ; ;
of the Hauptkirche in Berlin and Schulcol- certos for horn 2 polonaises concertantes ;
lege of the St. Nicolaikirche there, and in for violin and orchestra 4 quartets for ;
1668 professor of music at the Gymnasium violin, viola, and violoncello Mass for two ;
Carolinum of Stettin. Some of his church choruses Instrumental music, and songs ;

melodies are still sung. Allgem. d. Biogr., for one and several voices. He was also a
V. 52~) Mendel Riemaun Schilling Fc- distinguished writer on music, and critic.
; ; ; ;
tis. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 52.5 Allgem. Mus.- ;
EBELL, HEINRICH KARL, born at Zeitg. ; Fetis ; Hoffmann, Die Tonkiinstler

Neu-Ruppin, Mecklenburg, Dec. 30, 1775, Schlesiens (Breslau, 1830) Mendel Schil- ; ;
died at Oppeln, Silesia, March 12, 182-4. ling.

Amateur dramatic composer, chiefly self- EBERL, ANTON, born in Vienna, June
taught while a student at the University of 13, 1766, died there, March 11, 1807. His
Halle ;then in Berlin jjupil of Reichardt, father destined him for the law, but he
who procured for him in 1801 the appoint- chose music and became a good pianist in
ment as musical director of the theatre at his boyhood. When sixteen years old he
Breslau, which he kept until 1803. He brought out in Vienna two operas, which
entered the government service in 1804, at gained him the friendship of Gluck and
Breslau, and in 1816 as councillor at Op- Mozart. With the latter's widow he made
!
EBERLIX
n, concert tour in Germany, and in 1796- compositions for their mastery of counter-
1800 be was Kajiellmeister in St. Peters- point,and copied thirteen of them, but later
burg. He visited Eussia again in 1803, wrote " They really do not deserve a place
:
and played in the chief cities of Germany in between Handel and Bach. All honour to his
1806. As a pianist his playing was marked four-jsart pieces, but his pianoforte fugues
"
by fire and facility, and his compositions are nothing but long-drawn-out versetti
displaj'ed many beauties, with some con- (Jahn's Mozart, i. 433. ; iii. 373). Works :
fused modulation and striving for effect. IX Toccate e fughe organo (Augsburg,
jier 1'
Several of his works were published and 1747), several times republished Latin ;
became popular under the name of ]\lozart. dramas composed for the pujjils of the

Works Operas Die Zigeuner, Vienna, ; Benedictines in Salzburg, the words only
1782 La marchande de modes, ib., 1783
; ;
having survived 2 sonatas published by ;
Die Hexe Megara, ib., about 1800 Graf ; Haftuer ; 2 motets jsublished by Schott ; 5
Balduiu von Flandern, ib., about 1802 Py- ; jjieces contributed to Leopold Mozart's Der
ramus uud Thisbe, melodrama, ib., about Morgeu uud der Abend (Augsburg, 1759) ;
1796 Die KOnigin der schwarzen Liselu,

; Masses, offertories, and other church mu-
ib., 1801 La gloria d' Imenco, cantata
; sic in MS., in the libraries of Vienna and ;
Symphonies Trios, quartets, a quintet, and Berlin 13 oratorios in the Proske library,
; ;
a sextet Songs Concertos

; Variations the best known being the Componimento
; ; ;
Sonatas, and other pianoforte music. The sacro, performed in Salzburg in 1747.
operas and some other comjjositions have Grove Fetis Mendel Allgem. d. Biogr., ; ; ;

never been published. Allgem. d. Biogr., V. 576 Schilling. ;
V. 572 Mendel Grove Fetis.

; ; EBERS, ILrVRL FRIEDEICH, born in
;
KBERLIN, DANIEL, born in Nurem- Cassel, March 25, 1770, died in Berlin,
berg about 1630, Sept. 9, 1836. He entered the artillery
died in Cassel in school in Berlin while young, but soon
IGOl. Violinist turned his attention to music, which he
and composer. He taught was vice-Kapellmeister at Schwerin
;
had an adventu- in 1799 and later nmsical director at the

;
rous lifewasamu-
; theatre in Pesth. Li 1814 he became di-
sicid student in i-ector in a military company, and in 1822
liome, cajitain of conducted a musical society in Magdeburg.
Papal troops, later Works Operas Bella und Fernando,
:
in Nu- librarian Pesth, 1796 Die Blumeniusel, Pesth, 1796

; ;
remberg, Kapellmeister in Cassel and Eise- Der Eremit von Formentera, 1796 Der ;
nach, banker in Hamburg and Altona, and Liebes-Comj)ass, Pesth, 1797. Overtures ;
finally captain of militia in Cassel. Tele- Sonatas Syn^phonies Wir sind die KiJnige
; ;
mann was his son-in-law. Though noted der Welt, and other songs. Mendel All- ;
in his time, his violin trios, published in gem. d. Biogr., V. 578 Grove Fetis. ; ;
1675, are his only known works. Mendel ;

EBERWEIN, KARL, born in Weimar,
Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 574 ; Gei'ber ; Schil- Nov. 10, 1786, died there, March 2, 1868.
ling ; Riemauu ; Fetis. Violinist, pupil of his father and of his
EBERLIN, JOHANN ERNST, born at brother, Traugott Maximilian became court ;
Jetteubach, Bavaria, March 27, 1702, died musician and later director of the
in 1803,
in Salzburg, He was court
June 21, 1762. court orchestra was a pupil of Zelter in
;
organist Archbishop of Salzburg

to the Berlin in 1808-10 and spent the rest of his ;
about 1727, and later his KajseUmeister and life in Weimar, teaching, singing, and du'ect-
Truchsess or carver. Mozart studied his ing the church music and the opera. In
EBERWEIX
18-49 he was pensioned. He was a contem- was the author of Schule der Tonsetzkunst
porary and friend of Goethe, for whom he (Leij)sic, 1824) Die hoheren Lehrzweige
;
comjjosed some songs. Works Operas : der Tonkunst (Leipsic, 1830). Mendel ;
Die Heerschau, Weimar, about 1842 Der ; Schilling ; Gerber ; Fetis.

Graf zu Gleicheu, ib., about 1843 Music ; ECCARD, JOHANN, born at Miihlhau-
for Leonore, and for Preciosa. Overture to sen, Thuringia, 1553, died in Berlin, 1611.
Goethe's Proserpina Entr'actes Cantatas ; ; ;
Organist, pupil of Joachim von Burgk ;
String qviartet Songs Music for violin, ; ; studied under Orlando Lasso in Paris and
and for the flute. Mendel Allgem. d. ; Munich in 1571-74 returned to Midilhausen, ;
Biogr., V. 588 ; Schilling ; Fetis, Supjjle- where he lived until 1578, when he became
ment, i. 300. director of tlie jjrivate orchestra of Jacob
EBERWEIN, TRAUGOTT MAXBH- Fugger, of Augsburg. Having entered the
LIAN, boru in Weimar, Oct. 27, 1775, died service of Georg Friedrich, Margrave of
in Rudolstadt, Dec. 2, 1831. Violinist, pu- Brandenburg-Anspach, he followed him to
pil of his father, and when only seven years Konigsberg in 1583 as assistant Kapellmei-
old played the violin in his father's or- ster, becoming full KapeUmeister in 1599.
chestra. He studied under Schick in Mainz, In 1608 he went to Berlin as Kapelhneister

and Ivunze in Frankfort-on-the-Main be- ; of Joachim Friedrich, and held that position
came court musician to the Prince of Rudol- until his death. Works : 20 Cantiones
stadt in 1797 ; made a concert tour in Ba- sacrfe Helmboldi (JMiihlhausen, 1574) ; Cre-
varia and the Tyrol in 1803, and studied pundia sacra Helmboldi (ib., 1577, 1596 ;
counterpoint under Fenaroli in Naples. In 2d ed., Erfurt, 1608) 24 deutsche Lieder ;
1804 he returned to Rudolstadt in 1817 (ib., 1578) Newe deutsche Lieder (Konigs- ; ;
became court Kaj)ellmeister, made several berg, 1589) ; Der erste Theil 5-stimmiger
concert tours through Germany, and in geistlicher Lieder (ib., 1597) ; Preussische
1818 travelled to Vienna and in Hungary. Festlieder (ib., 1598) ; O Lamm Gottes, mo-

Works Operas Claudiue von Villabella, : tet ; O Freude, chorus ; Hymns ; Chorals.
Rudolstadt, 1815 Pedro und Elvira, ib., ; Mendel Grove Riemann Allgem. d. Bi-
; ; ;
1805 Der Jahrmarkt von Plundersweiler,

; ogr., V. 595; Fetis; Naumann (Oaselej'),
ib., 1818 Das befreite Jerusalem, Rudol-
; i. 479.
stadt, 1819 Firdusi, ib., 1821 ; Das gol- ;
ECCLES, JOHN, born in London about
dene Netz, ib., 1827. The Singsiîele Das : the middle of the 17th century, died at
Schlachtturnier Die Fischerin Das Storch- ; ;
Kingston-on-Thames, January, 1735. Dra-
nest Die hohle Eiche. Music for Macbeth
;
;
matic composer, son and puiîl of Solomon
Church music, cantatas, hymns, psalms, a Eccles, violin teacher. He was engaged as
Te Deum, and a mass Symphonies Con- ; ; a composer for the theatre from 1685 for
cert overtures Songs. He left an uniin-
; nearlj' a quarter of a century was appointed ;
ished cantata, Der Tod des Alciden. Men- master of the king's band in 1698, and in
del ; Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 589 ; Schilling ;
1700 gained the second of the four prizes
Gerber ; Grove. given for the best settings of Congreve's
EBHARDT, GOTTHDLF FRffiDRICH, masque, The Judgment of Paris. In 1701
born Hohensteiu in 1771, died (?). Or-
at he set the ode written by Congreve for the
ganist, pupil ofTag on the organ and piano- celebration of St. Cecilia's Day and in 1710 ;
forte and in composition became organist ; published a collection of nearly one hundred
and teacher at Greiz, and later court or- of his songs, comprising many of those
ganist and director of a singing society at which he had written for forty-six dramatic
Schleiz. Works Preludes for organ Can- : ; pieces. In the latter jDart of his life he
tatas Chorals, and other church music. He gave up
; all professional pursuits excej)t the
:
ECCLESTO]^
annual production of the royal birthday and ried for the second time in 1801, and re-
New Year's odes.
Works Operas The moved to Nancy. Works 6 violin concer-
: :
Spanish Friar, 1G81 The Lancashire tos (Offenbach and Paris)

; Coueerto-sj'm- ;
Witches, 1682 The Chances, 1G82 Justice phony for two violins (Leipsic). Mendel
; ; ;
Busy, 1690 The Kichmond Heiress, 1693 Riemann Allgem. d. Biogr., v 602 Fetis
; ; ; ; ;
Don Quixotte (with Purcell), 1694 Love Grove Wasielewski, Die Violine, 191.
; ;
for Love, 1695 Europe's Revels for the

; ECKAHT, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, born
Peace, 1697 ; The Sham Doctor, 1697 The
in Augsburg in 1731, died iu Paris, August,
;
Provoked Wife, 1697 Rinaldo and Armida, 1809. Pianist, the son of poor parents, and
;
1699 Acis and Galatea, masque, 1701 The self-taught.

; He accompanied the organ-
;
Mad Lover, 1701 The City Lady The builder, Georg Andreas Stein, iu 1758, to
; ;
Fair Penitent, 1703 Semele, 1707. He Paris, where he painted miniatures days
;
published a collection of songs for one, two, and studied music nights, until he became
and three voices (London, 1701) Songs in one of the best pianists and teachers of his
;
Pills to Purge Melancholy, etc. Henrj' Ec- time. Works 6 pianoforte sonatas 2 clav- : ;
cles, his brother, a violinist, was a member ecin sonatas INIinuet with variations. Men- ;
of the king's band in Paris. He published del Fi'tis SchiUing. ; ;
Twelve solos for the violin (Paris, 1720). ECKER, KARL, born at Freiburg, Breis-
Grove; Fetis; ^lendel Schilling. gau, March 13, 1813, died there, Aug. 31,
;
ECCLESTON, EDWARD, Enghsh com- 1879. Vocal composer, pupil of Sechter in

poser of the 17th century. Nothing is Vienna (1811), returned to Freiburg in 1816,
known of his history. In 1G79 he pub- and soon became popular through his male
lished a curious opera entitled, Noah's choruses and sougs. Several orchestral
Flood. Mendel. works of some merit were produced in his
ECCO XL :\IONDO. See Mefistofele. native countrj-. Mendel Riemann. ;
ECCO LA MARCIA. See Nozze di Fi- ECKERSBERG, JOHANN WIL-

garo. HELM, born in Dresden, Aug. 20, 1762,
ECCO RIDENTE IN CIELO. See A ure- died there, Aug. 20, 1821. Organist, pu-
liano in Palmira ; Barbiere di Siviglia. pil of Homilius, Weinlig, and of his father,
fiCHO ET NARCISSE, opera in three and became organist of the Neustadt Church
acts, text by Baron music by of Dresden iu 1789. The music to Schil-
Tschudi,
Gluck, represented at the Academic Royale ler's Glocke was his most important pro-
de Musique, Paris, Sept. 2-4, 1779. This duction. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 614 Men- ;
was the last work written by Gluck he del Fetis Schilling. ; ; ;
was seized with apoplexy when about to ECKERT, KARL (ANTON FLORIAN),
take up Les Danaidcs, with which he in- born in Potsdam,
tended to close his career, and transferred Dec. 7, 1820, died in
the libretto to his pupil Salieri. l5cho et Berlin, Oct. 14, 1879.
Narcisse,though not very successful, was Pianist and violinist,
reproduced in 1780. pupil on the piano-
ECK, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born iu forte of Rechenberg
Mannheim in 1766, died at Nancy, France, and Greulich, on the
date unknown. Violinist, pupil of Danner, violin of Biitticher
and studied composition under Winter. In and Hubert Ries,
1778 he went to Munich, where he became i n composition of
court musician in 1780, Conzertmeister in Rungenhagen. He
1788, and soon after dramatic director of was considered a prodigy when six years
the Court and National Theater. He mar- old, and composed an opera at the age
;
Eclair
of ten. In 1839 lie became in Leipsic by Delibes, represented at the Bouffes Pa-
a pupil of Meudelssolm ; tlien travelled in risiens, Paris, Jan. 16, 1869. The Scotch-
Holland, Belgium, and France, and in man is a silly bourgeois named Ducornet,
Italy,
1851 accejited the place of accompanist at who, having heard La Dame blanche, tries
the Theatre Italien in Paris. He accom- to imitate farmer Dickson, and builds at
panied Sontag on her tour in the United Chatou a chalet where he offers open hos-
States, and in 1852 became conductor at pitality to all comers.
the Paris Opera. In 1853 he went to Vi- EDDA, grand opera, text by Emil Hopf-
enna, where he became conductor, and later fer, music by Karl Reinthaler, first rep-
technical director, of the Court Opera. He resented at the theatre of Hamburg, Feb.
gave np these places in 1860 to succeed 22, 1876. The libretto, an adaptation of
Kiicken as Kapellmeister in Stuttgart re- the drama of the same name by Josef
;
tired to private life in Baden-Baden in Weilen, is founded on an episode in the

18G7, but in 18G9 was called to Berlin as Thirty Years' War.
firstcourt Kapelhueister in place of Tau- EDDY, CLARENCE, born, of American
bert and Dorn, suddenly pensioned to make parentage, in Green-
way for him. He was an excellent con- field, Massachusetts,
ductor, but only his minor compositions June 23, 1851, still
have succeeded, and they do not justify living, 1888. Or-

the expectations Mendelssohn and others ganist, pupil of J.
had of him. Works

Das Fischermildchen, G. Wilson in Green-
:
opera, composed in 1830 Wilhelm von field, and of Dudley

;
Oranien, given in Berlin, 1816 Kathchen Buck in Hartford,

;
von Niiruberg, 1837 Der Laborant Euth, Conn. In 1871 he

; ;
oratorio, 1833 Judith, oratorio, Berlin, went to Europe and

;
1811 Domine salvum fac regem, and other studied the organ,
;
psalms Concerto for violoncello

;
Songs. harmony, and counterpoint under August
;
Mendel Grove Fetis Riemaun.

; ; ; Haupt, and the pianoforte under A. Loesch-
ECLAIR, L', lyi-ical drama in three acts, horu. Returning in 1874, he settled in
text l)y Saint-Georges and Planard, music Chicago as organist of the First Congrega-
by Hak'vy, first represented at the Opera tional Church, and in 187G became director
Comique, Paris, Dec. 30, 1835. A young of the Hershey School of Musical Art in
naval officer, struck blind by lightning in Chicago, founded by Mrs. Sara B. Hershey,
a tempest, is taken care of by a maiden whom he afterwards married. Mr. Eddy
who lives, with her sister, in a chateau has made concert tours in Germany, Aus-
beside the sea. On recovering his sight tria, Switzerland, and America, and in 1879
he confounds the object of his love with he gave in Chicago a series of one hundred
her sister, but his heart soon corrects the organ recitals, in which no programme
error of his eyes. This charming work, number was repeated. Works Organ mu- :
written for two tenors and two sopranos, sic Church and Concert Organist (2 vols.,
;
without chorus, appeared in the same year 1882, 1885) The Organ in Church (1887). ;
with La Juive, and established Halevy's He has translated August Haupt's Counter-
reputation. It was given with great suc- point, Fugue and Double Counterpoint
cess, in 1884, at the Teatro Manzoni, Mi- (1876).
lan. EDELMANN, JEAN FREDERIC, born
COSSAISDECHATOU, L' (The Scotch- in Strasburg, May 6, 1749, died there,
man of Chatou), operette in one Pianist and dramatic com-

act, text July 17, 1794.
by Adrien Jaime and Philippe Gille, music poser, gained distinction in Paris in 1782
EDEN
became a violent adherent of tbe Eevolution, New York, in tbe spring of 1820. He wrote
sent bis benefactor, tbe maire Baron Die- the poj)ular hymn tunes, Lenox, Bridge-
trieb, and otber friends to tbe scaffold in water, Greenfield, and others, first published
Strasburg, and finally was guillotined bim- by Simeon Jocelin and A. Doolittle in "The
self. Works Estber, oratorio, performed Chorister's Connwniou" (New Haven, 1782).
:
at tbe Concert Spirituel, 1780 La bergere In 1801-17 he was in New York and as-
;
des Alpes, lyric scene for soprano and bass, sisted in tbe compilation of "The New York
TnOeries, 1781 Le feu (act from tbe ballet Selection of Sacred Music" (1804-10), by
;
Les c'K-ments), Aeadc-mie Royale de Mu- Lewis and Thaddeus Seymoui*. About 1817
sique, 1782 ; Ariane dans I'lle de Nasos, he removed to Woodstock, Conn.
opera, ib., 1782 Diane at I'Amour, opera-
; EDUARDO E CRISTINA, Italian opera,
ballet, Theatre des Jeunes Eleves, 1802 3 text by Schmidt, music bj- Rossini, rep-
;
concertos for pianoforte 9 works of so- resented at the Teatro San Benedetto, Ven-
;
natas for do., witb violin obligate Quartets ice, 1819.

;
Princess Christine of Sweden,
for pianoforte, op. 15 (Amsterdam) Ca- betrothed to Prince James of Scotland,
;
prices for do. Gerber, N. Les. Hamburger secretly marries an officer named Edward.
;
Correspondent (1794), No. 121 Nodier, Both are thrown into jjrison, but Edward,
;
Souvenirs de la Revolution, etc. Scbilling. freed, delivers the king from great danger
;
EDEN, a mystei'y in two parts, poem by during the Russian bombardment of Stock-
Mery, music by Felicien David, represented holm, and the monarch pardons him and
at tbe Op6ra, Paris, Aug. 25, 1848. A de- recognizes the marriage. This, Rossini's
scriptive work, in tbe overture to wbicb tbe twenty-sixth work, is largely a reproduction
composer has attempted to depict musically of two earlier ojjeras, Ricciardo e Zoraide
tbe revolutions on tbe globe before tbe and Ermione. An opera of tbe same title,
advent of man then succeeds tbe story of music by Pavesi, was given in 1811, in Na-
;
tbe Garden of Eden and tbe fall of man. ples. Edwards, Life of R., 202.
It was well sungb^' Poultier, Alizard, Porte- EDVARDO STUART, Italian opera, mu-
bault, and Mile Grimm, but failed to at- sic by Cipriano Pantoglio, represented at
tract attention in tbe political storm of the Teatro Manzoni, Milan, May, 1887.
1818. EDWARDS, RICHARD, born in Somer-
EDER, KARL KA.SPAR, born in Bavaria setshire, England, 1523, died in London, Oct.
in 1751, died (?). Virtuoso on tbe violon- 31, 1566. ComiDoser and poet, scholar of
cello, pupil of Ki'ibler and Lang, and after- Coi'pus Christi College, Oxford, in 1540 ;
wards first violoncellist to tbe Elector of M.A., Oxford, 1547. He studied music un-
Treves. Upon several concert tours through der George Etberidge, and became, in 15G3,
Germany be won much applause. Works Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal.
:
2 sj'mpbonies for grand orchestra 2 quin- The music of tbe beautiful madrigal, " In
;
tets. For violoncello: 14 concertos, 20 solos, going to my naked bedde," is conjecturally
3 duos, and 2 trios. Fetis Mendel. ; assigned to him, as it is certain that he wrote
EDLING, JOHANN, born at Falken, near the verses. The poem, " The Soul's Knell,"
Eisenach, about 1754, died in 1786. He said to have been written on his death-bed,
was chamber musician at tbe court of Wei- is well known. He wrote also many other
mar, and composed music to Bertucb's poems and two comedies. Grove.
tragedy of Elfriede, besides symphonies, EEDEN, JOHAN VAN DER, born at

and pieces for the clarinet. Gerber Schil- Ghent, Dec. 21, 1844, still living, 1888.
;
ling ; !Mendel Ft'tis.

; PujDil at tbe Conservatoire, Ghent, where
EDSON, LEWIS, born in Bridgewater, be won several first prizes, and of Fetis in
Mass., Jan. 22, 1748, died in Woodstock, Brussels (1863). At the Concours National,
; ;;
EGERIA
in 1865, he won the Oden von Cramer (1786)
first prize with his
12 Neujahrs ;
I
cantata, Le vent, and in 1869 with the can-

Cautaten 60 geistliche Lieder (1791) ;
tata. La derniere niiit de Faust. After hav- Schweizer Volkslieder (1788) Schweizer ;
ing travelled in France, Italy, and Germany, Preiheitsgesang (1789) Kinderlieder, for ;
he settled at Assisi. Mendel, Ergiinz., di.

two voices Gellert's geistliche Oden und ;
EGEKIA, Italian operetta in one act, text Lieder (1789); do. zweiter Theil (1791);
by Metastasio, music by Hasse, represented Lieder der Weisheit und Tugend (1790) ;
honour of the coronation Christliches Gesangbuch (Ziirich, 1798) and

in Vienna, 1761:, in ;
of Joseph XL, King of the Romans. Scene many others for one and more voices. All-
at the fountain of Egeria. Characters rej^ gem, d. Biogr., V. 678; Futis Gerber ;
resented : Egeria, Venere, Mercuric, Marte, Schilling.

Apollo. EGMONT, overture and incidental music
EGGHAED, JULIUS (Count von Harde- to Goethe's tragedy of the same title, by
gen), born in Vienna, April 21, 1831, died Beethoven, op. 81, composed in 1809 first ;
there, March 23, 1867. Pianist, pupil of performed, May 21, 1810. The composer's
Karl Czerny, and in comjoositiou of Sechter third work for the stage, written between
from his fifteenth year he appeared often the second writing of Leonore, and Fidelio.
successfully before the Viennese public, and The overture de^jicts in broad, vigorous
was much esteemed as a teacher. In 1853- traits what may serve for an introduction
55 he was in Paris, and gave several con- to the drama, to wit, the immutability of
certs at the Salle Erard. His tasteful fate, the pathos in the suppression of lib-
compositions for the pianoforte in charac- erty, and the fall of its hero, the pleasant
teristic style were widely popular. Works existence of the people who are to be sup- :
La campanella, impromptu, op. 2 Variations pressed, and, finally, the joy of triumph, pro-
;
de bravour, op. 4 Nocturne en trilles, op.; claiming that the reaction must, at last,
6 ; and 8 Souvenir de Pesth,
Idylle, op. 7 ; succumb. Besides the overture, the music
op. 9 Rcve d' amour, op. 10 Mazurka de
; ; consists of two sojprano songs, four entr'-
salon, op. 11 Polka de salon, op. 12 Ro-
; ; actes, Clilrchen's death, a melodrama, and a
mance, op. 13 Les adieux du berger, idylle,
; finale ; in all, ten numbers. The finale is
ojj. 11 La danse des syljjhes, impromptu,
; identical with the conclusion of the over-
op. 15 Je pense a toi, chanson sans paroles,
; which was apijarently written last. ture,
op. 17 Chanson erotique, op. 19 Serenade
; the music for performance exclusive
; To tit
italiennc, op. 22 Nocturne poetique, op. of the drama, verses connecting the move-
;
23 Fleurettes, etude de salon, op. 26 Sa- ments were written in Germany by Jlosen-
; ;
rolta, impromptu de salon, op. 27 etc. geil and Bernays, and in England by Will-
;
Wurzbach Le Pays (Paris, 1855, No. iam Bartholomew. Published by Breitkopf

;
32) Wiener Conversationsblatt (1855), 212. & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1811-12).Marx (Berlin,
;
EGLI, JOHANN HEINRICH, Iwrn at 1875), ii. 162 Thayer, Verzeichuiss, 82 ; ;
Seegrebeu, Canton of Zurich, March 4, Von Lenz, ii. 207.

1712, died at Ziirich, Dec. 19, 1810. Vocal EGMONT, opera-comique, text by Wolff
composer, pupil of Pastor Schmiedli at We- and Millaud, music by Salvayre, represented
zikon settled at Ziirich, where he became at the Opera Comique, Paris, Dec. 6, 1886.
;
a favourite teacher, and greatly influenced A failure.

religious music. His songs are still popular EGRESSY, BENJAMIN, born about
in Switzerland. 6 Schweizer-Can- Works : 1811,still Hviug (?). He settled in Pesth
taten von Lavater, with orchestra (1786) ;
as an actor, and later comjiosed many Hun-
Schweizerlieder von Lavater (1787) Blu- ; garian melodies, songs, and other vocal
menlese geistlicher Gedichte, etc. (1788) ;| and instrumental music. He also translated
; ;
EIIERXE
plays and operas, antl wrote the librettos of EHRLICH, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH,
sevei-al Hungarian operas. Wurzbacb, iv. born at Magdeburg, May 7, 1810, still liv-
5 ; Mendel Fetis. ; ing, 1888. Pianist, pujjil of Hummel in
EHERNE SCHLANGE, DIE (The Bra- Weimar, returned to his native city about
zen Serpent), oratorio for male voices, text 1834, where he
is conductor of the Sing-
by Giesebrecht, music by Karl Loewe, op. akademie, and one of the founders, and pres-
40, written in 1831 ident of the Tonkiinstler-Verein. He has
EHLERT, LUDWIG, born in Konigs- composed several operas, of which Die Ro-
berg, Jan. 13, 1825, died in Wiesbaden, senmiidchen, and Kiinig Georg were suc-
Jan. 4, 1884. Pianist, pupil at the Leipsic cessfully given at various provincial the-
Conservatorium under Mendelssohn and atres also organ and pianoforte music, and ;
Sclmnianu settled in Berlin as a teacher sacred and secular songs.- ^lendel.

;
in 1850 visited Italy several times, direct-
; EHRNSTEIN, JOHANN JACOB STU-
ing the Socicta Cherubiui in Florence PAN VON, German comjioser, lived in the
taught in Tausig's Berlin school in 1869- beginning of the 18th century. He pub-
71 was teacher to the princes in Meining- lished Rosetum musicum and 12 sympho-
;
en and settled in Wiesbaden. Professor nies. Gerber Mendel Fotis.

; ; ;
in 1875. Works Overtures to Hafiz and : EH! VIA,BITFONE. See /)on Giovanni.
Winter's Tale Spring Symphony Sonate
; EICHBERG, JULIUS, born, of German
;
romautique Kequiem for a child Songs

; parentage, in Diissel-
;
and pianoforte pieces. He was the author dorf, Germauj-, June

"
of " Briefe iiber Musik an eine Freundin 13, 1824, still living,
(Berlin, 1859, 18G7, 1879 translated as 1888.
; Violinist and
"Letters on Music to a Lady," London and dramatic composer
/) Boston, 1877)
ijoston, p u p i 1 on the violin
derTon- and in composition,
. (Berlin, at Wiirzburg, Bavaria,
/^ 1877 ; trans- of Joseph FrJilich, and
lated as " From the Tone- World," New in counterpoint and
York, 1885). Riemann ; Mendel ; Grove ;
orchestration of Julius
Fetis, iii. 119 ; do., Supplement, i. 301. Rietz. He went to
EHRENBERG, died young at Dessau, Brussels in 1842, studied composition un-
1790. He was chamber musician in Dessau, der Ft'tis, and the violin under Meerts and
.and wrote an oi)era, Azakia, text by Schwan, De Beriot, and obtained the 1st prizes in
Dessau, 1790, besides considerable vocal violin plaj'ing and composition in 1843 at
music. Gerber ; Fctis ; Schilling ; Men- the Conservatoire. After this he resided
del. several years in Frankfort-on-the-Main and
EHRHART, LEON, born at Miilhauseu, in 1846 went to Basel and Geneva, Switzer-
Alsace, May 11, 1854, died near Florence, land, as director of music, and received the
Oct. 4, 1875. Dramatic composer, pujîl in appointment of professor of the violin and
his native place of Heyberger, in Paris of of composition in the Geneva Conservatoire.
Chauvet and at the Conservatoire of Benoist In 1856 he removed to America and has
and Eeber. The cantata of Acis et Gala- spent the past thirty years in Boston, where
tee secured him the prix de Rome in 1874, he is director of the Boston Conservatory of
and while visiting Rome and Venice he Music, general supervisor of musical instruc-
worked on a comic ojjera and an oratorio tion in the Boston public schools, and head
until his premature death.
Fetis, Supple- of Eichberg's School for Violin Plaj-ing. He
ment, i. 301. has a national reputation as a teacher of
EICHBERG
the violin, some of the best public jjerform- EICHLER, FRIEDEICH WILHELM,
ers having been liis pupils. Works
The born in Leipsic iu 1809. Violinist, puiîl
:
Doctor of Alcantara, comic o^Jeretta in two of Spohr in Cassel became Conzertmeister ;
acts, text by Woolf, represented in Boston, at the theatre in Kimigsberg in 1832 from ;
April 7, 1862 The Rose of Tyrol, ib., I860

; 1817 lived several years iu Loudon, and;
The Two Cadis, ib., 1870 A Night in then settled at Baden-Baden. Among his
;
Home, ib., about 1870. Studies for the vio- compositions for violin are Variations on :
lin ;Trios and quartets for string instru- a Swiss theme, with orchestra or pianoforte,
ments Songs Works for the use of mu- op. 2 (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hilrtel) Songs
; ; ;
sical instruction in schools. The Doctor of without words, op. 4 (ib.). Schilling; Men-
Alcantara has been performed many times del ; Fetis.
in America, and is one of the few works of EICHNER, ERNST, born in Mannheim,
the kind, Avritten in America, which has Feb. 9, 1740, died iu Potsdam in 1777. He
made a permanent re2)utation. entered the ducal chapel at Zweibriicken
EICHBERG, OSCAE, born in Berlin, about 1770, and left it elandestinelj', be-
Jan. 21, 1845, still living, 1S88. Pianist, cause his resignation was not accepted ;
pupil of his fatherplayed in public at the then lived iu London until 1773, when he
;
age of ten then studied the pianoforte un- joined the band of the Crown Prince of
;
der Loschhorn and composition under Kiel. Prussia in Potsdam. He formed some ex-
He settled in Berlin as a teacher, founded cellent pujjils, and composed symphonies,
a singing society in 1871, wrote musical ar- concertos, and chamber music. Fetis ;
ticles, and began the publication of a mu- Schilling ; Mendel.

sical calendar in 1879. Has published pi- EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND
anoforte music, songs, etc. Mendel ; Fetis, TWELVE, ouverture solennelle for orches-
Supplement, i. 302 Eiemann.
; tra, by Tschaikowsky, op. 49.
EICHHORN, HERMANN, born iu Bres- E IL MAESTRO 10 FACCIO. See
lau, Oct. 30, 1847, still living, 1888. Virtu- Barbiere di Siviglia.
oso on the horn and dramatic composer, EILT, IHR STUNDEN, soprano aria in
pupil of Emil Bohn ; at first studied law E minor, with accompaniment of violin and
and acquired the degree of doctor, but soon continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's can-
devoted himself entirely to music. He has tata, " Freue dich, erli'iste Schaar.''
composed the comic operas and operettas, EINERT, IvARL FRIEDRICH, born at
Drei auf eineu Schlag, Zojjf und Krumm- Lommatsch, Saxony, in 1798, died in War-
stab, Blaue Kinder, and others, besides f)i- saw, Dec. 25, 1836. Organist, studied
anoforte pieces and songs, and has also under Schicht in the Thomasschule of Leip-
published several valuable monographs on sic was a pupil of Friedrich Schneider for ;
the history of instruments and of instru- organ and of Wach for double-bass. Became
mental music. Riemann. music teacher in a noble Polish family and
EICHHORN, JO H ANN, bom about went in 1821 to Warsaw, where he was or-
1766, died after 1815. Lived in ganist of the Lutheran Church and double-
Violinist.
Berlin and at Bruchsal, Baden, and joined bass player of the Court Theatre. His or-
the court orchesti-a at Mannheim in 1807. gan preludes were well written. Sowiuski,
Works: Concerto for violin (Berlin, 1791); 165 Fetis Mendel. ; ;
Solos for do. (ib.) 3 quartets for two vio-

; EIN' FESTE BURG 1ST UNSER GOTT
lins, viola, and bass (Darmstadt, 1794) 3 (A strong fortress is our God generally ren-
; ;
duos for violins, op. 9 (Leipsic, Kiihnel) dered iu English God is our refuge in dis-
;
:
Quintet for two violins, two violas, and tress). ]\Iartiu Luther's version of Psalm
bass, op. 11 (ib.).' Fetis
Gerber. xlvi. (Deus uoster refugium).
; It was pub-
; ' ;
EIN
lished first in " Geistliebe Lierler nuffs newe tion on Luthei-'s melody and set to the first
gebessert zu Wittenberg. Dr. INIart. Luther, verse of his hymn. The solos are from the
1529." Several arrangements of it appeared cantata, Alles was von Gott geboren, writ-
during Lu tiler's lifetime 1. For three voices, ten in 1716. Spitta, ii. 470 iii. 283 Up-
: ; ;
with melody in the tenor, in " News Gesang," ton, Standard Cantatas, 38.
etc., by Johann Kugelmann (Augsburg, EINICIvE, GEORG FRIEDRICH, born
1540) 2. For four voices, with melod}- in at Hohlstedt, Thuringia, Ajjril 10, 1710, died
;
the bass, in " Newe deutsche geistliche in Nordhausen, Feb. 20, 1770. Organist,
Gesenge cxxiii, by Georg Khau (Witten- pupil of his father. He went to the Uni-
berg, 154;J:) 3. For five voices, with mel- versitj' of Leipsic in 1732, and finished
;
ody in the tenor, by Stephan Mahn, in G. his musical education under Sebastian Bach
Rhau's Hymn Book 4. For four voices, and Scheibe.
; He succeeded his father as
with melody in the bass, by Martin Agri- Cantor and music director went to Frank- ;
cola, in G. Rhau's Hymn Book 5. For four enhausen in a like capacity in 1746 and
;
voices, with melody in the bass, by L. Hel- to Nordhausen in 1757. Works Concer- :
linck, in G. Rhau's Hymn Book. The tune tos Symphonies Church music. Allgem.
; ;
as now sung is derived from the form given d. Biogr., v. 7G0 Mendel; SchilHng Fetis. ; ;
it by Johann Sebastian ]5ach in several of EIN MADCHEN ODER WEIBCHEN.

his cantatas, especially in Ein' feste Burg, See Die ZauberflOte.
which differs somewhat from Luther's ver- EINSAM IN TRUBEN TAGEN. See
sion. It has been used as a theme by Lohengrin.
various other musicians : Mendelssohn, in EINST TRAUMTE MEINER SELIGEN
the finale of his Reformation Symphony BASE. See Der Frcischiilz.
Otto Nicolai, in his iê.^Ôuverture Joachim ; EIN UNGEFARBT GEMUTHE, alto
Raff, in his /f'A/-OiivertureWagner, in his ; aria in F major, with accompaniment of

Kaisermarsch ; Meyerbeer, in the Hugue- violins and violas in unison, and continuo,
nots ; Karl Reinecke, in Variations on Ein' in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata for
feste Burg (given in New York, Nov. 12, Dom. 4 fest. Trinil., of the same title
1887).
Rambach, Ueber Luther's Ver- published sej)arately, with additional ac-
dienst um den Kirchengesang (Hamburg, companiments by Robert Franz, by F.
1813); Winterfeld, Luther's deutsche geist- Whistling, Leipsic, 18G0.
licheLieder (Leipsic, 1840) Wackernagel, EISENHOFER, FRANZ XAYER, born
;
do. (Stuttgart, 1848) Koch, Geschichte des at Ilmmiinster, Upper Bavaria, Nov. 29,
;
Kircheulieds (Stuttgart, 186G-1877) Lu- 1783, died in Wiirzburg, Aug. 15, 1855.
;
ther musicien, Revue et Gazette musieale, While attending the University of Munich,
July 13, 1879 Naumann (Ouseley), i. 458 he finished his musical education under
;
Grove, ii. 179. Griitz gave up the study of theologj', and

;
EIN' FESTE BFRG, cantata, text by was school teacher and professor in sev-
Salomo Franck, music by Johann Sebastian eral places. He composed cantatas for
Bach, written probably for the Reformation male voices, and many solo and part songs,
Festival of 1730. Bitter thinks it was com- of which he wrote also the text. Mendel ;
posed for the bicentenary Reformation Fes- Schilling, Supplement, 110 Fotis, iii. 123 ; ;
tival of 1717, but Spitta argues that it was do., Supplement, i. 302.
for either the festival of 1730 or for the two EISENHUT
(Eisenuth, Eisenhuet),
hundreth anniversar}' of Protestantism in THOMAS, German composer, whose works
Saxony, May 17, 1739. The cantata has appeared in 1675-1702. He was Kapell-
eight numbers, five solos and three choruses. meister of the Prince Abbot of Kempten
The opening is a fugue based upon a varia- and a regular canon of the Monasterv of
10
EISERT
St. Georg in Augsburg. Among
Lis publi- organist, and hai-pist, pupil of his father,
cations were Harmonia church music, and afterwards completed his studies in
sacra,
and a theoretical book, "Musikahsches Fun- Italy. For several years he was organist

dament." Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 7G7 Men- of the Basilica of St. Peter, and in great
;
del Fetis
; Schilling.
;
favour with Pope Clement XIV., especially
EISERT, JOHANNES, born at Dresden as a harp-i^layer in 1780 he enjoj-ed con- ;
in 1810, died there in 18G4 Organist, siderable reputation in Italy as an organist

studied music in Vienna, where he ajs- and composer, but his works remain in
peared successfully in public, until recalled manuscript. Fetis Mendel. ;
to Dresden as court organist. Among his ELBEL, VICTOR, born in Alsace early
compositions for the organ, his fugues dein the 19th centuiy. He lived in Paris as
serve especial mention for purity of style a teacher ; brought out in Strasburg an
and melodic beauty. Mendel ; Schilling. oratorio, Der Miinsterbau ; and composed
EISFELD, THEODOR, born, of German also two descriptive symphonies. Fetis,
parentage, in Wolfenbiittel, Brunswick, in Supplement, i. 302.
1816, died in Wiesbaden, Sept. IG, 1882. ELEGUC ODE, text from President
Conductor, pupil in composition of C. G. Lincoln's Burial Hymn by Walt Whitman,
Reissiger, Dresden also studied the violin
; for solos, chorus, and orchestra, bj' Charles
in Bremen under Karl Miiller. In 1848 Villiers Stanford, composed for and first
he went to New York, and the following given at the Norwich (England) Festival,
year was made conductor of the New Oct. 15, 1884. Athenseum (1884), ii. 505.
York Philharmonic Society, which he con- ELEGIAC SYMPHONY, in D minor, by
ducted alternately with Carl Bei-gmann, Charles Villiers Stanford, first produced at
from 1855 to 18GG, when he returned to Cambridge, England, March 7, 1882, and
Europe. He was leader also of the Eisfeld at the Gloucester Festival, 1883.
Quartet, which gave its first concert, Feb. ELlilGIE, salon-jiiece for violin solo, with
18, 1851. Eisfeld held a high position in pianoforte accomjjaniment, by Heinrich Wil-
New York musical circles. helm Ernst, op. 10. It is extremely effec-
EITNER, ROBERT, born at Breslau, tiveand well written, and was long popular.
Oct. 22, 1832, still Pianist, Played at Chickering Hall, New York, Nov.
living, 1888.
pupil of Moritz Brosig, went in 1853 to 22,'l88G, by Michael Banner.
Berlin, where he won success as a virtuoso ELEGIE HARMONIQUE (Harmonic
and composer in concerts, given in 1857- Elegy), for pianoforte solo, in F-sharp
5d. A school for the pianoforte which he minor, by Johann Ludwig Dussek, op. Gl.
founded in Berlin, 18G3, is still flourishing. Written in memory of Prince Louis Ferdi-
Since 18G0 he has devoted himself more nand of Prussia, whose premature death on
especially to musical literature, and chiefly the battle-field of Saalfeld, Oct. 13, 1806, de-
to his agency was due the organization of prived Dussek of a friend and patron. One
the Gesellschaf t fur Musikforschung in 18G8, of the composer's best works.
of whose organ, the " Monatshefte fiir Mu- ELEGISCHER GESANG (Elegiac Song),
sikgeschichte," he is the editor. Works for four voices, pianoforte, and string quar-
:
Judith, biblical opera Pfingstcantate Sta- tet, music by Beethoven, op. 118, comjwsed
; ;
bat Mater for 4 voices a cappella Over- 1814 dedicated to Johann, Freiherr von
; ;
ture to the Cid Pianoforte music, and Pasqualati.

; Text, " Sanft wie du lebtest,
songs.
Fetis, Supplement, i. 302 Men- hast du Tollendet," etc., by an unknown
;
del. author. Published by Haslinger after the

EKHART, FRANZ JOSEF, born at Tep- composer's death. Thayer, Verzeichniss,
litz, Bohemia, about 1735, died (?). Pianist, 120 Lenz, ii. 131. ;
11
;
ELER
ELEE, .\NDRfi, bom in Alsace about the summer of 1837, though most of it was
1764, died Ajjiil 21, 1821. He went, when written in 1846. The orchestral parts were
young, to Paris, where he became professor rehearsed bj' Mendelssohn at Leipsic, Aug.
of counterpoint at the Conservatoire on 5, 184(i, and the vocal parts at Moscheles's
its reorganization in 1816. His collection, house, London, Aug. 18th, the evening of the
copied in scoi'e, of the compositions of 16th day of his arrival there then followed two ;
century masters, is now in the librai-y of full rehearsals in Hanover Square, and on
the Paris Conservatoire.
Works Operas Aug. 24th a full rehearsal at Birmingham
:
;
Apelle et Campaspe, 1798 L'habit du and on Wednesday, Aug. 26th, the first pub-
;
chevalier de Grammont, 1800 La forut lic performance was given in the Town Hall,
;
de Brama Interlude, Le chant des ven- Birmingham.

; After many alterations and
geances, words by Rouget de Li.sle, jyer- additions, it was given in London, April 10,
formed in 1798 Overture
; Symphony 1847, by the Sacred Harmonic Society. Its
; ;
Sonatas Trios, and quartets for wind and first performance in Germany was at Ham-
;
string instruments. Fetis do.. Supple- burg, October, 1847.

; Pubfished first by
ment, i. 303 Larousse
; Mendel; Schil- Simroek (Berlin, 1847).
; Grove, ii. 275,
ling. 288 J. Bennet, in Concordia, 497, 523
;
ELI, oratorio, text by William Bartholo- Upton, Standard Oratorios, 218.

mew, on the story of Eli and Samuel (Sam., ELIJAH. See Elias.
i.-iv.), music by Michael Costa, first given ELIS.\, ou le voyage au ]\Iont Bernard,
at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. comedy in two acts, text by Saint-Cyr, mu-
29, 1855 ;first time in America, Handel and sic by Cherubini, represented at the Thea-
Haydn Society, Boston, Feb. 15, 1857. At tre Feydeau, Paris, December, 1794. The
Birmingham the part of Eli was sung by scene is laid among mountains and glaciers,
Sims Beeves, and that of Sanuiel by Mme and the douofuuent is hastened by an ava-
Viardot. The other parts were by Mme lanche.
Castellan, Carl Formes, and W. H. Weiss. ELISA E CLAUDIO, opera buffii, text
Athenieum (1855), 1008 Upton, Standard b_v Romanelli, music by Mercadante, repre-
;
Oratorios, 84. sented in Milan in 1822. This opei'a, one

ELI.VS (Elijah), oratorio, in two parts, of Mercadante's best works, was given in
text from the Old Testament, music by Men- Paris, Nov. 22, 1823. The beautiful duet,
delssolui, op. 70, first given in an Englisli "Se un" istante, all' offerta d' un soglio," is
translation at the Birmingham (England) still a favourite with singers.
Festival, Aug. 26, 1846. The idea was sug- ELISABETH, opera in three acts, text
gested, says Hillcr, by reading in 1 Kings, by Brunswick and De Leuven, music by
xix. 11, "Behold, the Lord passed by," and Donizetti, represented at the Theatre Ly-
the text was compiled mostly from the same rique, Paris, Dec. 31, 1853. This is the
book. The libretto was sent to London as French version of Donizetti's Gli esiliati di
soon as the work was completed, and trans- Siberia, text by Gilardoni, first given in
lated into English bv' William Bartholomew. Naples, 1827. The Italian libretto is from
The scenes treated are Elijah's prophecj' of the jilay by Guilbert de Pixen'court, enti-
the drought, the raising of the widow's son tled " La fille de I'exile, ou huit mois en
:
at Zarephath, the rival sacrifices on Mt. deux heures," which is an adaptation of

Carmel, the fall of rain, the persecution of Madame Cottin's romance, " Elisabeth, ou
Elijah by Jezebel, his sojourn in the desert, les exiles de Sibt'rie " (180G). It is the
his return, and his translation in the fiery story of a young girl who comes from the
chariot. The without date, but depths of Siberia to ask from the Czar her
score is
Mendelssohn probably began the work in father's pardon. Donizetti's music was
K
ELISABETTA
adapted to the French version by Foutana, geant urges the latter to enlist. To obtain
his pupil. the bonus, Nemorino and thus gets
enlists
ELIS.iBETTA A KENILWOETH. See another bottle from the quack. Meanwhile
CasleUo di Kenilworth. Nemorino's uncle has died and left him all
ELISABETTA, EEGINA D' INGHIL- his property, though he does not know it.
TERRA, ojjera, text by Sohuiidt, music by The girls crowd around and try to attract
Rossini, first rejDresented at the Teatro San his attention, which he attributes to the
Carlo, Najjles, in 1815. The libretto is not elixir. Adina's jealousy is aroused, and
from "Kenilworth," which was not
Scott's hearing, through Dulcamara, of Nemorino's
published until 1821, but is an adaptation devotion, she repays the sergeant the enlist-
from a French melodrama. The opera was ment fee, changes her mind, and gives her
Rossini's fifteenth work, and was written hand to the former. The principal num-
when he was twenty-four years old. Mile
Colbran, whom he afterwards married, was
the original Qaeen Elizabeth. The opera
was given at the Italiens, Paris, March
10, 1822. It was not successful, excepting
at Naples. The overture, which had pre-
viously belonged to Aureliano in Palmyra,
is now the introduction to II Barbiere di
Sivigha. Stendhal, Vie de E. Edwards,

;
Life of R., 109.

ELISIRE D' AMORE, L' (The Elixir of
Love), Italian opera buft'a in two acts, text
by Romani, music by Donizetti, repiresented
in Milan, May 12, 1832, in Loudon, at the
Lyceum, Dec. 10, 183(), in Now York, 1838,
and in Paris, at the Theatre Italien, Jan.
17, 1839. The subject of this graceful and
melodious opera, in some resjiects one of
Donizetti'sbest, is identical with that of
Auber's Le philtre, text by Scribe. Adina,
a country girl, is loved by Neniorino, a
young farmer, and by Belcore, a sergeant.
Nemorino applies to Dr. Dulcamara, a Persiani, as Adina.
mountebank, for a bottle of the elixir of
love. Dulcamara gives him a bottle of bers in the first act are the buffo song by
wine, and tells him that if he drinks of Dulcamara, beginning with the recitative,
it he can win the love of anyone. The 'Udite, udite, o rustici," and the duet be-
farmer drinks the whole of it, and, becoming tween Dulcamara and Nemorino, "Obbli-
intoxicated, behaves in such a manner that gato, ah si obbligato."
! In the second act
Adina promises to marry the sergeant. are the chorus " Cantiamo, facciam brin-
:
"
The second act opens with the assemblage disi ;
" the quartet, " Dell' elisir mirabile ;
of the the marriage the duet between Adina and Dulcamara,

villagers to witness
contract. Nemorino, in despair, begs Dul- " Quanto amore ed io spietata " and the
! ;
camara to give him some charm which will romanza of Nemorino, " Una furtiva lagri-
make Adina love him. Dulcamara refuses, ma." Among the best impersonators of
as the farmer has no money, and the ser- Adina were Fanny Persiaui (1812-1867) and
13
;
ELKAMP
Piccolomiui. Lablaclie was a noted Dr. 4 concert-overtures 3 quintets for two ;
Dulcamara, and Nemorino was a favourite violins, viola, and two violoncellos 44 quar- ;
cbai'acter with Mario. tets for two violins, viola, and violoncello ;
ELKAMP, HEIXRICH, born at Itzehoe, 3 trios for violin, viola, and violoncello 8 ;
Holstein, in 1812, died in Hamburg in do. for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello
1868. Pupil in Hamburg of Clasiug and in 2 sonatas for pianoforte and violin ; Sonata
Berlin of Zelter then settled in Hamburg for pianoforte and viola do. for pianoforte
; ;
as a teacher in 1842-51 he lived in St. and violoncello

;
9 do. for pianoforte and ;
Petersburg, then returned to Hamburg. flute. He was author also of a poetical

Works 2 oratorios. Die heilige Zeit, and romance, the Bridal of Salemo (London,
:
Paulus ; Pianoforte pieces ; Songs. ]Men- 1845), and of a poetical legend. The Elixir
del ; Fetis ; Schumann, Gesammelte Schrif- of Youth (ib., 1864). FcHis Grove. ;
ten, i. 223. ELOY, born about 1400, died

,
ELLE NE CROYAIT PAS. See Miguon. about middle of 15th century (?). Nothing
ELLER, LOUIS, bom at Gratz in 1819, of his history is known, but he must have
died at Pau in August, 1862. Violinist, pupil preceded Dufay, Dunstable, and Binchois.
of Hysel ; apjêared in Vienna in 1836. After Tinctoris and Gaforius both quote his mass
concert tours in Hungary, Croatia, Switzer- Dixerunt discipuli, which is preserved
land, and France, playing in Paris in 1814, among the MSS. of the Vatican. Kiese-
he returned home, then visited Italy and wetter published the Kyrie and the Agnus
Southern France, and settled in Pau after in Geschichte der Europ. abendliind. IMu-
travelling over Spain and Portugal with sik. Futis Mendel Ambros, Geschichte ; ;
Gottschalk. Works Valse diabolique der Musik, ii. 462.

:
;
Menuet sentimental Rhapsodic hongroise ELSBERGER (Elsperger),

;
;
JOHANN
Fantasias, and other violin music. Fctis CHRISTOPH ZACHARIAS, born in Ratis- ;
Wurzbach, iv. 23 ; Mendel. bon in 1736, died in Sulzbach, Feb. 1, 1790.

ELLERTOX, JOHN LODGE, born in He was at first cantor of the Latin school in
Cheshire, England, Jan. 11, 1807, died in Sulzbach, and later j^rivate secretary there.
London, Jan. 3, 1873. Amateur composer, Works Der Barbier von Sevilla, opera, :
graduate of Oxford (1828) where he stud- Sulzbach, 1783 Church and instrumental ;
ied music, chiefly composition, and wrote music. Mendel Fetis Schilling. ; ;
an English operetta and an Italian opera. ELSBETH, THOilAS, born at Neustadt,

He studied counterpoint for two j-ears in Franconia, and lived in Frankfort-on-the-
Rome under Terriani. In 1835 and 1838 Oder about 1600. He was probably also a
he took prizes at the Catch Club for his chorister in Liegnitz. Works : 3 collec-
glees Fayre is my love, and. How beau-
: tions of Cantiones sacrre (Frankfort, 1600,
tiful is night. Works Operas Issipile, : Liegnitz, 1590, 1606) ; Weltliche und geist-
given in Prussia, about 1825 Annibale in ; liche Lieder (Frankfort, 1599, Liegnitz,
Capua, Andromacca, H Marito a vista Carlo ; 1607) ; Zwei Theile Sonntiiglicher Evange-
Rosa, German opera Dominica, The Bridal ; licn (Liegnitz, 1616, 1621); Geistliche Fest-
of Triermain, English operas, ib., about gesiiuge auf das ganze Jahr (Breslau, 1624).
1830 II Carnovale di Venezia, ib., about
; Allgem. d. Biogr., vi. 62 ; Fetis ; Men-
1832 Berenice in Armenia, II Sacrifizio
; del.
d'Epito, ib., about 1835 Lucinda, English ; ELSNER, JOSEPH XAVER, born at
opera, Baden-Baden, about 1838. Pai'a- Grottkau, Silesia, June 1, 1769, died in
dise Lost, oratorio ; G masses ; 6 anthems ;
Warsaw, April 18, 1854. The son of a
17 motets ; 83 duets for different maker of musical instruments, he was des-
61 glees ;
voices ; 5 symphonies for gi-and orchestra tined for medicine, but became choir-boy
;
u
: ;
ELSTEIi
and later violinist and singer at the Breslau opera in three

by Adami, given acts, text
theatre. He received Larmouy Songs and other vocal
lessons in Meiningen, 1835 ;
from Forster in Breslau then read scores music. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 72 Mendel
; ;
and was intimate with musicians in Vienna Fetis Bechstein, Fahrten eines Musikan- ; ;
and became first violin of the Briinu theatre ten (1837 2d ed., 1854; 3d ed., 1858). ;
in 1791, and musical director of the theatre ELVEY, Sir GEORGE JOB, born at
in Lemberg in 1792. In 1799 he settled in Canterbury, England,
Warsaw, where he was director of German March 27, 1816, still
and Polish theatres and in 1815, with Hving, 1888. Church
;
Princess Zamoiska, founded a music so- comjjoser and organ-

ciety, which was transformed into the War- ist, brother and pupil
saw Conservatory in 1821, when he left the of Stephen Elvey, hav-
theatre and became first director and pro- ing first been instruct-
fessor of comijosition in the new institution. ed by High more
He retired in 1830, when jjolitical troubles Skeats, organist of
closed the Conservatory, but continued com- Canterbury Ca t li e -
position. During a visit to Paris some of dral, whose son. High-
his works were performed at the Tuileries more the younger, he succeeded as organ-
and Saint-Cloud. be regarded He may ist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, in 1835.
as the creator of Polish opera. His ojêras Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1838 Mus. Doc, ik, ;
are light and in the old style of Paer and 1840 knighted, 1871. Works The Resur-
; :
Slayr his church music is rather dra-

; rection and Ascension, oratorio, 1838 Ser- ;
matic and his compositions generally

; vices in F and B-flat Anthems, chorals, ;
show and purity, though lack of

ease chants, hymns, psalms, etc. Songs Or- ; ;
originality and thorough study. Works gan music. Grove.

Osoblievi Bracia, ojiera, and about 30 other ELVEY, STEPHEN, born in Canterbury,
small dramatic works in Polish Masses, ; June 27, 1805, died in Oxford, Oct. 6, 1860.
motets, requiems, offertories, and other Organist, brother of Sir George Job Elvey ;
church music Cantatas and many songs; ;

pujiil at Canterbury of Skeats. He became
Symphonies, quartets, concertos, and much organist of New College, Oxford, in 1830 ;
other j)iauoforte and instrumental music. was made Mus. Bac, Oxford, in 1831, Mus.
The Polish titles of his ofieras are given in Doc. in 1838 and was choragus of the uni-
;
Fetis and Sowinski. Sowinski, Musiciens versity from 1840 until his death. Works :
polonais, IGG ; Fetis ; Allgem. d. Biogr., vi. Services Anthems Psalter and Canticles,
; ;
70 ; Mendel ; Grove. pointed for chanting (London, 8vo, 6

ELSTER, JOHANN DANIEL, born at editions to 1866) Hymns, etc. Grove
; ;
Benshausen, Henneberg, Sept. 16, 1796, Brown.

.died at Wettiugen, Canton of Aargau, Dec. ELWART, ANTOINE ^LIE, born in
19, 18.57. He entered Leijisic University Paris, Nov. 18, 1808, died there, Oct. 14,
in 1816 gave uji theology for medicine
;
1877. Dramatic composer, pujjil on the
;
and after several years of adventurous wan- violin of Ponchard the elder, and at the
dering, and military service in the French Conservatoire of Madame de Sainte-Ursule
army and in Greece, he made his way to in harmonj', of Fetis in composition, and of
Switzerland, taught music in Lenzburg and Lesueur. In 1828 he started, with several
Baden, was music director of a travelling fellow pupils, the Concerts d'emulation,
theatrical company, and became music given at the Conservatoire for six years,
teacher in Bremgarten and from 1846 in i to give young composers a school of prac-
Wettingen. Works : Richard uud Blondel, tice. In 1831 he won the second jirize for
ELZE
composition of the Institut and in 183i ber music Songs. Mendel Fetis, Sup- ; ;
the grand piix de Kome. Having tilled plement, i. 304 Schuberth, 125. ;
the jjosition of adjunct professor of com- EMERSON, LUTHER ORL.\NDO, born,

position for two j'ears, he resumed it on of American parentage, in Parsonsfield,
his return from Italy in 183G, became pro- Mass., Aug. 3, 1820, still livhig, 1888.
fessor of harmony in 1840, retiring in 1871. Conductor of many musical conventions
Officer of the Academy, 1871 L. of Honour, ; held throughout the United States, and
1872 Order of Charles HI. of Spain
; ; church composer. His first work. The
Prussian Order of the Red Eagle. "Works : Romberg Collection (1853), was followed
Les Catalans, opera, given at Kouen, The- by a book of Sundaj'-school music, The
ati-e des Arts, 1840 La reine de Saba, Les; Golden Wreath (1857), of which more than
chercheurs d'or, operas, not performed ;
300,000 were sold. Among his other col-
Choruses and instrumental music to Alces- lections are The Golden Harp (1860) The
: ;
tis Noe, ou Le deluge imiversel, oratorio-

;
Sabbath Harmony (18G0) The Harp of ;
symphony in four parts, Paris, 1845 La ; Judah (1863) Merry Chimes (1865) Ju-
; ;
naissance d'five, oratorio, ib., 1846 Les ; bilate (1866) Chorus Wreath. ;
noces de Cana, mystery for soli, chorus, E:\IERY, STEPHEN ALBERT, born, of
and orchestra Ruth et Booz, vocal sym-
; American parentage, in Paris, Oxford Co.,
phony Le salut imperial, cantata Le pou-
; ; Maine, Oct. 4, 1841, still living, 1888. Pi-
voir de I'harmonie, do. ; Hymne a la beaute, anist, pupil on the pianoforte and in har-
do. ; Pas d'orchestre, choral S. Edwards, Portland,
oj)eretta ; Pe- mony of Henry
nelope, lyrical scene ; Europe in 1862 and stud-
Bichat, choral scene ;
Maine ; went to
Masses for two, three, four, and five voices, ied the pianoforte rmder Louis Plaidy and
with and without organ or orchestra Mo- Robert Papperitz harmony and counter- ; ;
tets Symphonies
; Overtures Quintets, point luider Papperitz, E. F. Richter, and
; ;
quartets, and trios for string instruments Moritz Hanptmann in Leipsic, and the ;
Cboruses for male voices, etc. He was the IDianoforte under Fritz Spindler in Dres-
author of many theoretical and didactic den. He returned to Portland, Maine, in
works, including " Petit mauuel d'harmo- 1864, removed to Boston in 1866, and was
:
nie, etc." (1839) " Traite du contrepoint et engaged in 1867 by the New England Con-
;
de la fugue " (1840) " Essai de transposi- servatory of Music when that institution
;
tion musicals " (1840) " Le Chanteur ac- was opened ; and on the founding of the ;
compagnateur"(1844) "L'Harmonie musi- College of Music of Boston University, he

;
cale " (1853), etc. He wrote also " Histoire was appointed professor of harmony and
des Concerts populaires," and " Histoire de counterpoint, which j)ositions he still holds.
"
la Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire He is assistant editor of the Musical Her-
(18()0). Fetis, iii. 135 Supplement, i. ald. Works ;Songs Part-songs String : ; ;
304 Mendel, iii. 355

; Ergimz., 07 Rie- quartets Sonatinas, and other music for
; ; ;
mann Grove. ; the jnanoforte. He is the author also of

ELZE, CLEilENS THEODOR, born at Foundation Studies in Pianoforte Playing,
Oranienbaum, Anhalt-Dessau, in 1830, still and. Elements of Harmony.
living, 1888. EMMA DI RESBURGO, Italian opera
Organist, pupil of his father,
of F. Schneider, Con- seria, music by Meyerbeer, represented in
and at the Leipsic
servatorium of Moscheles, Dreyschock, and Venice, 1819. Produced at a time when
Plaidy for pianoforte of David for violin, Rossini was becoming famous, this work
;
and of Hanptmann for composition. He met with good success in Italy, but it was
became an organist and a teacher in Lay- coolly received in Berlin and led to Meyer-
bach in 1852. Works Symphonies Cham-
: ; beer's going to Paris. It was, however, after-
16
;;
EMMERICH
wards translated into German and success- EMPEROR'S HYMN, THE. See Gotl
fully jjlayedunder the title of Emma von erhalte Franz den Kaiser.
Leicester. ENCHANTRESS, THE, English comic
EMMEEICH, EGBERT, born at Hanau, oiêra in four acts, text by Alfred Bunn,
Hesse-Nassau, July 23, 183G, still living, music by Balfe, represented at Drury Lane
1888. Dramatic composer, pupil of Tlic- Theatre, London, Sept. 27, 1845. The
odor Stauffer and of Albert Dietrich. He character of the pirate queen was sustained
is most favourably known by his songs. by Madam Anna Thillon, who sang it also
Works Der Schwedonsee, oi)era, given at in New York, at the Astor Place Opera
:
Weimar, 1874; Van Dyck, do., Stettin, House, Aug. 30, 1852.
1875 Symphonies
; Pianoforte pieces EN CHASSE LE JOUR EST LEVE.
;
;
!
Songs and part-songs. Kiemann.

See Le Pardon de Ploermel.
EMMERT, ADAM JGSEPH, born at ENCKE, HEINRICH, born at Neustadt,
Wiirzburg, Dec. 24, 17G.5, died in Vienna, Bavaria, in 1811, died at Leipsic, Dec. 31,
Ajjril Dramatic composer, sou
11, 1812. 1859. Pianist, pupil of Hummel at Wei-
of Joseph Emmert. He held an oiBcial posi- mar, then lived at Jena and Leipsic, much
tion in the archives of Salzburg and Vienna, esteemed as a teacher. Among his com-
and, though not a professional musician, positions the instructive works for the pi-
wrote operas and other music. Works : anoforte may claim the greatest merit, and
Don Silvio de Rosalba, opera, given at Ans- his arrangements for pianoforte (4 hands)
pach, 1801 Der Sturm, do., Salzburg,
; of classical orchestral and chamber music
180G Cantata for four voices and orchestra,
; are of acknowledged excellence. Fetis ;
ib., 1799 Te Deum (ib., 1797) IG Ger-

; ; Mendel.
man dances for pianoforte (ib., 1798) ; ENCKHAUSEN, HEINRICH FRIED-
Pieces for two horns and bassoon do. for ; EICH, born in Celle, Aug. 28, 1799, died
two clarinets, two horns, and two bassoons in Hanover, Jan. 15, 1885. Organist,
(il)., 1799). Fctis Mendel Schilling
; ; ; learned several instruments from his father ;
Wurzbach. entered a military band in 181G, and in

EMaiERT, JOSEPH, born at Kitzingen, 1826 studied under Aloys Schmitt in Ber-
Franconia, Nov. 27, 1732, died at Wiirz- lin and Hanover, succeeding his teacher in
burg, Feb. 20, 1809. Dramatic composer, 1829 as court organist and director of the
appointed school rector at Schilliugsfiirst Singakademie of Hanover also court pi- ;
in 17G0, and rector of the Latin school of anist. Works Der Savoyard, opera, Han- :
St. Burkhardt and choral director of the over, 1832 ; Church music ; Pianoforte mu-
uuiversitj' inWiirzburg in 1773. Retired, sic. Mendel ; Fetis ; Schilling ; Schumann,
with the title of Kapellmeister, in 1790. Gesammelte Sehriften, i. 29G.
Works : Semiramis, Tomyris, Eberhardt, ENDTER, CHRISTIAN FRIEDEICH,
operas (in manuscript) Esther, Judith, born in Hamburg in 1728, died in Buxte-
;
oratorios (do.) ; Several cantatas (do.) ;

Imde, May 26, 1793. Organist, pupil of
Latin and German masses Vespers ; became organist in
; Mis- Pfeiffer in Hamburg ;
erere Te Deum
; do. (Salzburg, 1797)
; Buxtehude in 1746 and of the Lutheran
Psalmodia vespertina, etc. (Augsburg, 17G6); Church of Altona in 175G. Works: Canta-

Choralbuch (Wiirzburg). Fetis Mendel tas Songs. Schilling Mendel Fetis.
; ; ; ;
Schilling. ENFANCE DU CHRIST, L' (The In-

EMPEROR CONCERTO, THE, a title fancy of Christ), a sacred trilogy, for solo
commonly but improjêrly given to Beet- voices, chorus, and orchestra, by Berlioz,
hoven's fifth pianoforte concerto in E-flat, op. 25, first iêrformed in Paris, at the Salle
op. 75. Herz, Dec. 10, 1854, under the composer's
17
ENFANT
direction. It consists of tbree parts I. Le
: director of music. He was also an able
songe d'Herode (Herod's Dream) 11. La writer on his art. Works Prinz Carneval,
; :
fuite eu gvpte (The Flight into Egypt) comic opera, given in Berlin, 1862 Boui-
;
;
III. L'arrivue a Sais (Tlie Arrival at Sais). facius, oratorio many compositions for
;
Jiillien, Hector Berlioz (1881), 113 do. oi-gan and pianoforte, psalms, songs, etc.
;
(1888), 221, 378 M. J. d'Ortigue, La mu- Mendel.

;
sique a I't-glise, 196. ENGELSBERG, E. S., born at Engels-

ENFANT PRODIGUE, L' (The Prodigal berg, Austrian Silesia, in 1825, died at
Son), opera in five acts, text by Scribe, Deutsch-JasnLk, ib., Aj)ril 28, 1879. Real
music by Auber, represented at the Aca- name Eduard Schon. He was chief of a
demic Nationale de Musique, Paris, Dec. department in the ministry of finances in
6, 1850 ;in Italian, as II Prodigo, at Her Vienna, and under the above pseudonym
Majesty's Theatre, London, June 12, 1851. wrote many popular choruses for male
The author of the libretto has taken so voices, which made his name a household
many liberties with the Bible story that word with German singing societies all
it is scai'ceh' recognizable. Azarl, the only over the world.
son of a poor old man, leaves the paternal ENGLERT, ANTON,
born at Schwein-
roof and his betrothed Jephtele for a life of Nov. 4, 1674, died there after
furt, Bavaria,
pleasure in the city of Memjihis. He is 1729. Church composer, pupil of Kiihnau,
ruined by gaming, by the courtesan Nephte, Schade, and Strunck at Leipsic, where he
and by the dancer Lia. He penetrates into studied theology. In 1697 he became can-
the temjile of Isis where the mysteries are tor in his native city, about 1717 co-rector
celebrating, and the Egyptians make him of the Gymnasium, in 1729 rector, and at
expiate the sacrilege by throwing him into the same time organist of the cathedral.
the Nile. Saved by the leader of a caravan, About 1697 he published several volumes
he is reduced to watching the flocks, but of his compositions, mostly religious, which
eventually finds his way home and is forbear witness to his thorough musical knowl-
given. There are some picturesque scenes edge.
Fetis Mendel.
;
in the opera, such as the passage of the car- ENGLISH SUITES (Ger., Englische Sui-
avan and the procession of the bull Apis. ten), 6 large by Johann
suites for clavier,
ENFANT TROITV^fi, L'. See Fmx. Sebastian Bach. Suite I. A
major H. A ;
ENGEDI. See Chrislus am Oelberg. minor ; HI. G minor TV.

; major V. E
F ;
ENGEL, DAVID HERMANN, born at minor ; VI. D minor. Published by the

Neu-Ruppiu, Brandenburg, Jan. 22, 1816, Bach-Gesellschaft, Clavier werke, vol. ii. 1.
died at Merseburg, May 3, 1877. Dramatic ENICELIUS, TOBIAS, born at Leskow,

composer and organist, pupil of Wilke on Bohemia, about 1655, died ('?). He was can-
the then at Des.sau (1835-37) of tor in Flensburg about 1655, then went to
organ,
Friedrich Schneider, and at Breslau of Timningen in the same capacity, and in
Adolf Hesse. After his return to Neu-Rup- 1660 to Hamburg. He composed a can-
pin in 1839 he devoted himself to compo- tata and music to Opitz's Epistles. Men-
sition, but went in 1811 to Berlin, where del Fi'tis Mattheson, Ehren-Pforte, 59.
; ;
he taught music, and studied singing under ENNELIN, SfiBASTIEN, born at or

Teschner. In 1848 he was appointed or- near Saint-Queutin about 1650 or 1655,
ganist of the cathedral at ^Merseburg, and died after 1719. Church composer, at first
instructor of singing at the Domgymna- chorister in the maitrise of Saint-Quentin,
sium. For Choralbuch he received the and in 1680 succeeded Antoiue Gras as
his
great gold medal for art and science, and choir director of Saint-Louis' chapel. Works
for his meiits in general the title of royal
in manuscript in the library of the coi-
ls
ENNO
legiale of Saiiit-Quentin, vol. i. (1709) : 8 comic Singspiel in three acts, test by Gottlob
Siilve Eegiua for four and six voices i ; Stephanie, from Bretzner's Bel-
adapted
Alma Redemptoris 4 Ave Regina 2 In- ; ;
monte und Constanze, music by Mozart, first
violata ;3 Regiua cceli Pie Jesu Maria ; ;
represented at the Nationaltheater, Vienna,
mater gratije, mass for four voices Do- ;
July 12, 1782. This work, written when
mine, quinque talenta, motet for do. Vol. Mozart was twenty-six years old, was the
ii. (1714) Requiem mass for five voices
:
beginning of a form of romantic opera in ;
Audi, benigue Christe, qui lux es et dies, which the style and aria of the Italian opera
Vexilla regis, Da pacem, Lenten hymns. buft'a was united with the style, Lied, and
Vol. iii. (1718) 15 O salutaris, for five dialogue of the German Singspiel, a form
:
voices Four masses for four, and one mass afterwards repeated on a grander scale in
;
for three voices. Fetis. Die ZauberflOte. Its production led to a

ENNO, SEBASTL4.no, Italian composer, paper war between the librettists Stephanie
living in the middle of the 17th century. and Bretzner, during which Andre, the
He published Ariose cautate, libro primo composer of Belmonte und Constanze,
e secondo (Venice, 1G55). Fe-tis ; Mendel ;
Schilling.
ENRICO, CONTE DI BORGOGNA, Ital-
ian opera, music by Donizetti, represented

at the Teatro San Luca, Venice, 1818.
This, Donizetti's first opera, met with such
success that he was commissioned to write
another one for the same city.
ENRICO, DETTO IL LEONE (Henry

the Lion), Italian opera, text by Hortensio
Mauro, music by Agostino Stett'ani, repre-
sented in Brunswick, 1689. A German ver-
sion, Heiurich der Lijwe, by Fiedler, was
given inHamburg, 1696. The subject of
the librettois Henry the Lion, Duke of Minna Peschka-Leutner.
Saxony and Bavaria and head of the House
of Guelph, Frederick Barbarossa's warlike took the side of Stephanie, notwith-
antagonist in the twelfth century standing that he had aided Mozart in pro-
ENTFESSELTE PROJIETHEUS, DER ducing an opera which virtually supplanted
(Prometheus Unbound), Choruses to Her- his own. Mozart's work was produced in
der's poem, by Franz Liszt. Instrumental Paris first, at the Lycee des Arts, Sept. 26,
introduction The symphonic poem Prome-
: 1798 again in 1801 and 1830 and in ; ;
theus. No. 1. Chor der Oceaniden, for fe-French, as L'enltvement au serail, text by
male voices No. 2. Chor der Tritonen, for
;
Prosper Pascal, at the Theatre Lyrique,
mixed voices No. 3. Chor der Dryaden, for
;
May 11, 1859. It was given in English as
female voices No. 4. Chor der Schnitter, The Seraglio, " with additional airs by Mr.
;
for mixed voices No. 5. Chor der Winzer, Kramer," at Covent Garden, London, Nov.
;
for male voices and solo No. 6. Chor der 24, 1827. The action passes in the harem
;
Unterirdischen, for male voices No. 7. of Selim Pacha, where are a Spanish girl
;
Chor der Unsichtharen, do. No. 8. Schluss- Constanze, her maid Blondchen, and a valet
;
Chor (Chor der ISIusen), for mixed voices. Pedrillo, all under the charge of Osmin,
ENTFUHRUNG AUS DEJkl SERAIL, guardian of the harem. Belmonte, the lover
DIE (The Elopement from the Harem), of Constanze, penetrates into the harem in
19
:
EN
liope of effecting bis mistress's release. Pe- au Supplice ; 5. Songe d'une Nuit de Sab-
drillo tries to aid bim by drugging Tbe monodrama of Lelio, a spoken
Osmiii's bat.
wine, but tbe wily guardian sees tbrougb monologue witb incidental music for solo
bis design and exposes tbe plot. Tbe con- voices, cborus, and orcbestra, sbows us tbe
spirators are about to suffer tbe penalty of young composer after awaking from bis
tbeir acts wben tbe Pacba discovers in Bel- dream be meditates upon love and art, at
;
monte a citizen of Burgos wbo once saved lengtb arousing bimself to seek consola-
bis life, and gives tbem all tbeir freedom. tion in tbe exercise of bis art. Tbe scene
Tbe original cast in Vienna was as follows cbanges, and be ajjpears at tbe bead of a
cborus and orcbestra, conducting tbe last
Constanze (S.) Mle Cavalieri.
rebearsal of bis own Fautaisie dramatique
Blondcben (S.) Mile Tayber.
sur la Tempete de Sbakspeare, a cantata
Osmin (B ) M. Fiscber.
for cborus and orcbestra witb wbicb, and a
Belmonte (T.) M. Adamberger.
last return of tbe Idee fixe, tbe work closes.
Pedrillo (T.) M. Dauer.
Tbe entii'e Episode is but the exjjression of
A favouriteConstanze of later times is Mme Berlioz's love for Henrietta Sniitbson, wbom
Pescbka-Lcutner (born in Vienna, 18.39), be afterwards married, and Camilla Moke,

wbose portrait is given. Hauslick, Moilerne afterwards Slme Pleyel. Tlie Fantasie sur
Oper, 51 Jabn Naumann (Ousoley), ii. la Tempete was first given separately at tbe
; ;
894. Paris Opera in 1829 tbe Sympbonie Fau- ;
EN VAIN J'ESPJÊE. See lloberl le fastique at tbe Conseiwatoire in 1830 and ;
Diable. tbe entire work, witb Bocage in tbe part of

ENVY, ELDEST BORN OF HELL, Lelio, at tbe Conservatoire on Dec. 11, 1832.
cborus in E-flat in Handel's Saul, Part H. Tbe score of tbe Sympbonie Fantastique,
;
one of tbe composer's most famous cbor- and a masterly ti-auscrijition by Liszt for
uses. pianoforte solo arc pviblisbed by Brandus
i^:pisode de la \t:e d'un artiste tbe full and pianoforte scores of
(Paris) ;
(Episode in tbe Life of an Artist), tbe title by Ricbault (Paris). Scbumann (Rit-
liClio,
of Hector Berlioz's opus 14, tbe first part of
ter), Music and Musicians, 1st series, 228 ;
wbicb is tbe sympbonie fantastique, and E. Hippeau, Berlioz Intime, 244 Georges ;
tbe second, tbe lyric monodrama, Lelio, ou Noufflard, Hector Berlioz, 44 Jullieu, Ber- ;
le Retour a la Vie (tbe Return to Life). Uoz (1888), 50 Atlantic Montbly, xli. 32.
;
Tbe sympbonie fantastique, in C major, tbe fiPREUVE VILLAGEOISE, L' (Tbe Vil-
composer's first great sympbony, is a piece lage Test), vaudeville in two acts, text by
of so-called programme-music descriptive of Desforges, music by Gretry, represented at
tbe dream of a young composer wbo bas tbe Tbeatre Italien, Paris, June 24, 1784.
tried to poison bimself witb opium in a tit Tbe subject is an episode of Theodore et
of disappointed love. Tbe beloved object Paulin, an unsuccessful lyric comedy in
ajjpears to bim in tbe guise of a melody, three acts, by tbe same authors, given at
wbicb Berlioz calls I'ldee fixe (tbe fixed tbe ItaHens, Marcb 18, 1784. In its new
idea), and wbicb is treated tbematically or form tbe work proved a dramatic success.
episodicall}-, in eacb one of tbe five move- It was revived at tbe Opera Comique, Paris,
ments of tbe sympbony. Tbis idee fixe is in 1888.
interesting bistoricallj-, as tbe
first instance ERBA, Don DIONIGI, Italian composer,
in music of wbat Wagner afterwards termed end of tbe 17tb century. Lived in Milan ;
tbe Leitmotiv. Tbe beadings of tbe five was of noble family and took boly orders.
movements are 1. Reveries, Passions 2. Works Arion, opera (witb Valtelliua), 1G94
: ; :
;
Uu Bal 3. Scene aux Cbamps 4. Marcbe Ai-temio, oj)era (witb Besozzi and Battes-
; ;
so
;:
EKBA
tiiii), and probably a Magnificat for
1695 ;
soli, chorus, and orchestra, 1870 ; Schnee-
two from which Handel is tliought
choirs, wittcheu, for do., 1873 TraumkOnig und ;
to have borrowed several pieces in the sein Lieb, for soprano, female chorus, and
second part of Israel in Egypt. Grove ;
small orchestra Des Kaiserheeres Rom-
;
Gerber Chrysander, G. F. Handel, i. 168.

;
fahrt, for male chorus and orchestra Over- ;
ERBA, GIORGIO, violinist and com- ture to Prinzessin Use, for orchestra ; do. to
poser. Originally from Milan, he was liîug Brachvogel's drama Narciss ; Trio fur piano-
in Rome about 1730. Some of his violin forte and strings Sonata ; for pianoforte and
sonatas have survived. Mendel Futis ; ;
violin ; Albumbliitter, for do. ; 5 choruses
Gerber. for male voices, a cappella, op. 26 ; Reise-
ERBACH (Erbacher), CHRISTIAN, born bilder, for pianoforte ; Nordseebilder, for
at Algesheim in the Palatinate about 1560, do. (four hands); Songs. Mus. Wochenblatt
died (?). He was organist, about 1600, to (1879), 453, 407, 478.
Marcus Fugger in Augsburg, later to the ERE LONG DEATH. See Puritans
cathedral there, and in 1628 a member of the Daughter.
cily counciL His manuscrijjt compositions EREjVHTA, GIULIO, born in Ferrara
are in the Augsburg Cathedral Library and about 1550, died about 1600. Organist ;
Berlin Royal Library. Works Cantiones : real name Giulio Giusberti, but called Ere-
sacrffi (Augsburg, 1600, 1603, 1604, 1611) mita, because he belonged to the order of
Acht geistliche deutsche Lieder (ib.) Songs ; Camaldolite Eremites. Works Primo : libro
in contemporary collections. Allgem. d. de'madrigali a 6 voci (Ferrara, 1584; Antwerp
Biogr., vi. 181 Mendel Grove Fetis.
; ; ; 1600) ; Madrigali a cinque, lib. i. (Venice,
ERBARME DICH, MEIN GOTT, aria in 1597) ; secondo libro de' madrigali a cin-
11
B minor for the alto of Core I., with ac- que (ib., 1599). His madrigals are also in
companiment of violin solo, strings com- Italian and Flemish collections, such as :
plete, and contiuuo, in Johann Sebastian Melodia olympica (Pierre Philipps, Ant-
Bach's Passion nach IMatthiius, Part H. werp, 1594) Trionfo di Dori (Venice, 1596
; ;
ERDMANNSDORFER, MAX, born at Antwerp, 1596, 1601, 1014) II Paradiso ;
Nuremberg, June 14, 181-8, still living, 1888. musicale (Venice, 1595 Antwerp, 1596) ; ;
Pianist and violinist, first instructed by his Madrigali di diversi eccellenti e famosi
father and by August Raab, then at the autori (Antwerp, 1595) and in the collec- ;
Conservatorium, Leipsic (1863-67), pupil of tions of Schad, Bodenschatz, and Domfri-

Moscheles and Reinecke on the pianoforte, dus. Fetis Mendel. ;
of David and Dreyschock on the violin, and ERFURT, KARL, born at Magdeburg in
of Hauptmann, Ricbter, and Reinecke in 1807, still living, 1888. Pianist, pupil of
theory finally in Dresden (1868-69) pupil Miihling at Magdeburg, where for many
;
of Rietz. In 1871 he became Hof-Kapell- years he taught music, until called to Hil-
lueister to the Prince of Schwarzburg, at desheim as musical director. He has com-
Sondershausen, where he actively promoted posed more than fifty works for pianoforte,
the production of the best modern compo- and songs. Fetis Mendel. ;
sitions, and raised the already high stand- ER GEHT UND LASST DICH MEINEM
ard of this renowned orchestra. He re- SCHUTZ. See Hicvzi.
signed his iôsition in 1880, then lived in ERHEBE DICH, GENOSSIN MEINER
Vienna, Leipsic, and Nuremberg, and in SCHMACH. See Lohengrin.
1882 was appointed artistic director of the ERINNYES, LES (The Furies), antique
Imperial Music Society, and professor at drama in two parts, text by Leconte de
the Conservatorium in Moscow. Works Lisle,after the "Orestes" of iEschylus,
Prinzessin Use, Waldsage (forest legend) for music by Jules Massenet, represented at the
Si.
;
:
ERK
Odc'on, Paris, Jan. 6, 1873. The incidental Pesth, in 1837, he was appointed its Kapell-
music of this tragedy, as first performed, meister, and afterwards received the title
was composed of au introduction, two inter- of director general of music, having won
ludes, and a melodrama. On its reproduc- great distinction as the creator of an ex-
tion at the Ojêra National, May 15, 1876, cellent orchestra, and as conductor and com-
the music was more developed, with some poser. His numerous songs, in which the
additions and new instrumentation, but character of national melodies is hapjiily
the effect was not increased.
Clement et blended with the requirements of the more
Larousse, 845. elevated modem style, but especially his
EllK, LUDA\1G CHRISTIAN, born in operas, have made him extremely popular
"Wetzlar, Jan. G, 1807, died in Berlin, Nov. in Huugarj-. Among the latter, Hunyady
25, 1883.Sou and pupil of Adam Wil- Laszlo obtained the greatest success, and
helm Erk (1779-1820), and pupil of J. B. may preeminently be considered the na-
Spiess, L. Eeinwald, and A. Andre. He tional opera of Hungary, although Bank
became a teacher in the seminary of Meurs Ban is probably his master work. In 18GS,
in 1829 started musical festivals at Eem- when he conducted the great Hungarian
;
scheid and other towns was called in 1835 music festival at Debreczin, he was made
;
to the Royal Seminai'y for City Schools in honorary director for lifetime of all the
Berlin, where he led the liturgic choir of singing societies of Hungary. Works
the cathedral in 183G, but gave it up in Operas Bathory M;uia, given at Pesth,
:
1838 for want of support. In 1836-38 he 1840 ;Hunyady Laszlo, National Theatre,
was a teacher in the family of Prince Karl 1844 Erzst'bet, ib., 1857 Kunok, ib., 1858
; ;
;
of Prussia in 1843 he founded a Miiuuer-

; Bank Bi'in, ib., 1861 Sarolta, ib., 18G2
;
gesangverein in 1852 a Gesangverein for

; Dozsa GyOrgy, ib., 1867 Brankovics Gy- ;
mixed chorus in 1857 became musical di-

; Orgy, ib., 1874 King Stephen, ib., 1874.
;
rector and in 1877 retired from the Ber-

; Wurzbach.
lin Seminary. Besides his own compo- ERiaiNNE MICH, IMEIN HUTER,
sitions, he published many collections. choral to the melody " Haupt voll Blut
Works Liederkranz, Singvogelein, Deut-
: und Wunden," in E major, in Johann
scher Liedergarten, Musikalischer Jugend- Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Matthiius,
freund, Siingerhain, Siona, Sangesbliithen, Part I.
Volksklunge, Deutscher Liederhort, Deut- EEL.ANGER, JULES, born at Weissen-

scher Liederschatz, Turuliederbuch, and burg, Alsace, June 25, 1830, still living, 1887.
many other collections of jjopular songs, Pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of Hale-
amounting to about forty, and mentioned vy. After publishing pianoforte music and
more fully hj Mendel, some of them in bringing out several operettas in Paris, he
conjunction with his brothel', Friedrich devoted himself to business. Works
Albrecht Erk, and his brother-in-law, W. L'Ai'bre de Robinson, operette in one act,
Greet. Mendel Grove ; ; Riemauu ; Schil- Parisiens, Oct. 19, 1857
Boufies Mes- ;
ling, Supplement, 118. dames de cceur volant, ib., April 16, 1859 ;
ERKEL, FERENCZ, born at Gyula, Les musiciens de I'orchestre, opera-bouSe

Hungary, Nov. 7, 1810, still living, 1888. in two acts (with Delibes), ib., Jan. 25,
Pianist and dramatic composer, first in- 1861 La servante a Nicolas, operette in
;
structed by his father, who was an able one act, ib., March 11, 1861 Pianoforte ;
amateur musician. ^Yhen twenty-four he be- ;

music Songs. Fetis, Supplement, i. 305.
came musical director of the opera company ERLEBACH, PHILIPP HEINRICH,
at Kaschau, and with it went to Buda at born in Essen, July, 25, 1657, died in Ru-
;
the opening of the National Theatre at dolstadt, AiJril 17, 1714.

I
He received his
EKLKUJS'IG
nmsical education in Paris, and was Kapell- musicians competed. His opera-comique,
meister in Kudolstadt from 1G83 until his Le testament, was given iu Liege in 1836,
death. Works ; Chamber, organ, and vocal and in Brussels in 1838. Author of " Sol-
music. Allgem. d. Biogr., vi. 223 ; Men- Fetis, ii. 152
fyge chorale transpositeur." ;
del ; Fetis ; Schilling. Mendel.

do.. Supplement, i. 306 ;
ERLKONIG, DER (The Erl King), bal- ERMIONE, Italian opera, music by Ros-
lad by Goethe, music by Schubert, written sini, represented at the Teatro San Carlo,
in 1815 or 181G, published as op. 1 by Naples, in Lent, 1819. Though well sung,
Cappi and Diabelli, Vienna, 1821, with a it was not a success. Edwards, Life of R.,
dedication to Count Moriz von Dietrich- 201.
stein. The original sketch, now in the ERNANI, tragic opera in four acts, text
Royal Library, Berlin, differs from the by F. M. Piave, music by Verdi, first repre-
published copy in having the accompani- sented at the Teatro Fenice, Venice, March
ment in groups of four instead of in 9, 1814:. The libretto is an adaptation of
triplets for the right hand. The song was Victor Hugo's drama, " Hernani." Before
sung only at private gatherings for several its production in Venice the iôlice, refus-
years, Schubert being unable to find a pub- ing to permit the representation on the
lisher, and it was not given in pxiblic until stage of a conspiracy, caused the libretto
Jan. 2.5, 1821, when it was sung at the Mu- and parts of the music to be changed. It
sikverein by August von Gymnich, with a was played at Her Majesty's Theatre, Lon-
success which added materially to the com- don, March 8, 1815. When about to be
poser's fame. It was published the follow- given in Paris, Victor Hugo objected to the
ing month bj' private subscription, and after use of his drama, and to please him the
its performance by Vogl at the Kilrnthner- libretto was rewritten. The title was
thor Theater, March 7, 1821, it had a rapid changed to II proscritto, the scene removed
sale. Arranged by Liszt for voice and to Venice, and the bandit Ernani made into
small orchestra published, score and parts, Oldrado, an Italian corsair.
;
In this guise
by Forberg (Leipsie). Arranged also by the opera was produced at the Theatre
Berlioz for voice and orchestra.
Hellborn Italien, Jan. 6, 181G but the poet was ;
(Coleridge), i. 59, 307. finally appeased, and it was given later in

ERLKONIGS TOCHTER (The Erl- its proper form. The scene is laid in Ai'a-
king's Daughter), cantata for solo voices, gon, time 1519. Characters represented :
chorus, and orchestra, by Neils W. Gade, Ernani Don Carlos, King

(T.) ; of Spain
op. 30, written in 1852. Tiie story varies (Bar.) Don Ruy Gomez de Silva
; (B.) ; El-
somewhat from Goethe's poem. Sir Oluf, vira (S.) Johanna (M.S.) Don
; ; Riccardo
on the eve of his wedding-day, is enticed (T.) ; lago Ernani, son of the Duke
(B.).
away by the Erl King's daughter, and rides of but under a ban and chief
Segovia,
home iu the morning to die at the castle of a band of brigands, is in love with
gate. Elvira, a noble lady betrothed to the
ERMEL, LOUIS CONSTANT, born in Duke de Silva, and plans to carry her
Ghent, Dec. 27, 1798, died in Paris during off. Don Carlos, the King, also loves her
the siege of 1870. Pianist, pupil at the and tries to abduct her. Her cries bring
Paris Conservatoire under Zimmerman, to her rescue Ernani, who defies the King,
Eler,and Lesueur. He won the grand 23rix and Silva, who challenges him, but begs
de Rome, 1823, for his cantata Thisbe the for pardon when he discovers his iden-
;
gold medal of the Sociote des Beaux-Arts, titj'. The King finally carries off Elvira
Ghent ; and the bronze medal in 1818 for and Silva challenges Ernani. The latter
a national chorus for which eight hundred refuses to fight, and induces Silva to aid
EENANI
him vengeance on the King, at Poland, and lived several years in the house
in taking
the same time giving him a horn and prom- of Prince Zamoiski, in Warsaw. Then he
ising to take his own life whenever Silva became a teacher in the Warsaw Conserva-
shall wind it. In the third act the conspii-- tory resided in Breslau in 1833-36 and
; ;
ators are plotting in the catacombs when later returned to Warsaw. Works Piano- :
the King appears suddenly among them forte music; Songs. -Mendel; Fetis, iii.
and orders the nobles to execution. Er- 152 do., Supplement, i. 306
; Sowiuski, ;
nani, as a noble, demands the right to share Musiciens polonais, 183.

their fate, when the King pardons all and ERNST II., Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
bestows Elvira upon Ernani. In the fourth born at Coburg, June 21, 1818, still living,
act, in the midst of the festivities attending 1888. Dramatic composer, pupil of Breid-
their wedding, the fatal horn is heard and enstein at Bonn, and of Reissiger at Dres-
Ernani parts from Elvira, and keepis his den, where his musical education was much
word by killing himself. Among the prin- furthered by intercourse with ^lendelssohn,
cijial numbersare, in the first act, Elvira's Moscheles, Wagner, Liszt, and others. The
aria, " Ernani, iuvolami " Don Carlos's fact that his operas continue in the reper-
;
aria, " Bella come un primo amore " the tories not only of Germany, but of other
;
duet between them, '' Fiero saugue d' Ara- countries, seems to prove that their success
gona " and Silva's bass solo, " Infelice e
;
! is due something more than the com-
to
tu credevi." In the second act, the duets poser's exalted station. Works Operas :
between Ernani and Elvira, " Ah morir ! Zaire, given at Gotha, 1846 Toni, about ;
potessi adesso," and " La vendetta piu tre- 18.50 Santa Chiara, Coburg, 1854, Paris,
;
menda." In the third act the grand septet 1855 Casilda, Brussels, 1855 Diana von
; ;
and chorus " O sommo Carlo," well known Solanges, Coburg, 1858, Dresden and Go-
in its English form as " Crowned with the tha, 1859 Imraer Liebe, cantata, with or-
;
Tempest," is one of the composer's best ef- chestra ; AUer Seelen, do. ; Fackeltauz, for
forts. In the last act the duet between Er- full orchestra and brass instruments ; Die
deutsche Tricolore, hymn for male chorus
nani and Elvira, ' Cessaro i suoni," is full of

dramatic feeling. Hanslick, Moderne oper, and brass instruments (prize at Music Fes-
220. tival, Dreux) Fantasia for pianoforte, vio- ;
EKNANI, INVOL.A.M. See Ernani. loncello, and iioolodion many other instru- ;
ERNELINDE, PRINCESSE DE XOR- mental works, and several books of songs.

VEGE, tragic opera in three acts, text by Mendek
Poinsinet, music by Philidor, represented ERNST, CHRISTIAN GOTTLOB, born
at the Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, at Silberberg, Silesia, Feb. 2, 1778, died (?).
Nov. 24, 17G7. The text is an adajstation Organist, pupil in Breslau of Neugebauer
of an Italian libretto entitled Ricimero, and Berner, became organist in 1798 at
which was set to music by Pergolesi (Na- Ohlau, where he did much towards the de-
ples, 1731) and by Jommelli (Rome, 1740). velopment of musical life. He set to music
Eruelinde, which is Philidor 's best work, several psalms, and published sonatas for
was reproduced in Paris, Jan. 21, 1769, the pianoforte and violin, organ music, etc.
under the title of Sandoniir, prince de Dane-
Fotis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
mark and again, Dec. 11, 1773, with the

; ERNST, FRANZ ANTON, born at Geor-
text remodeled bv Sedaine. geuthal, Bohemia, Dec. 3, 1745, died in Go-
ERNEMANfN, 'mORITZ, born in Eisle- tha, Jan. 13, 1805. Violinist, was choir-boy
ben in 1800, died in Breslau, Aug. 8, 18GG. in Neuzell and later violinist to the Jesuits
Pianist, pupil in Berlin of Ludwig Berger. in Sagan after studying law at Prague
;
He went, in 1820, with Prince Radziwill to Uniyersity, he held an office in his native
24
;; ;
ERNST
place,but soon became secretary to Count Fantasia on Rossini's Otello ; Concertino in
von Salm, and finally, on tlie advice of Lolli, D Polonaise de Concert ; ; Variations on
made concert tours. He was influenced by Dutch national air ; Pirata, Caijpriccio
Stad in Strasburg returned to Prague in Rondo Papageno Concerto (Allegro pathe-
; ;
1773 and in 1778 was appointed ducal tique) in F-sharp minor Carnaval de Ve-
; ;
Conzertmeister in Gotba. He devoted some nise, in imitation of Paganini Erl King ;

;
attention to improving the construction of Bolero Variations on Hungarian airs 2 ; ;
violins, and was an industrious composer of quartets Etudes. Allgem. d. Biogr. vi. ;
violin music. Wurzbacli, iv. 72 ; ]\Iendel 325 ; Wurzbacli, iv. 73 ; Grove ; Mendel
Fetis ; Schilling ; Biemanu ; Wasielewski, Wasielewski, Die Violine, 315 Futis, Sup- ;
Die Violine, 214. plement, i. 306 Hart, The Violin, 435. ;
ERXST, HEINRICH WU^HELM, born ERO E LEANDRO (Hero and Leander),

at BriUni, Moravia, opera by Arrigo Boito, music by
seria, text
in 181-1, died in Giovanni Bottesiui, represented at the Royal

Nice, Oct. 11:, 1865. Theatre of Turin, Jan. 11, 1879. This work,
Violinist, pupil at sung by Barbacini, Roveri, and Mine Brus-
the Vienna Conser- chi-Chiatti, had a considerable success.
vatorium under EROE CINESE, L' (The Chinese Hero),
Biibm for violin, Italian o^jera, text by Metastasio, first set
and Sej'fried for to music by Bonno and represented at
composition i n - ; the Imperial Theatre at SchOnbrunn, 1752.
structed later by Scene near the city of Singana (See-Ngan),
Mays e d e r. His capital of the jjrovince of Chen si (Shen-See),
playing was greatly China. Characters representedLeango, :
influenced by Paganini, At the a"e of six- ruler of China Prince Siveuo, bis supi)osed
;
teen he made studied son, in love with Lisinga Miuteo, a man-

his tirst concert tour ; ;
several years in Paris under Charles de Be- darin in command of the army and Lisinga ;
riot and in
; 1834-50 travelled over almost and Ulauia, Tartar princesses, the one in
all Europe with wonderful success. In Hol- love with Minteo, the other with Siveno.
land alone he gave two hundred concerts. In The libretto has been set to music also by
1850 he settled in London, but latterly had Perez, Lisbon, 1753 ; Hasse, Dresden, 1753 ;
to give up playing in public, and his last Gluck, Schunbrunn, 1754 Rauzzini, Mu- ;
years were embittered by an incurable spinal nich, 1770 Sacchini, Munich, 1771
; Majo, ;
disease. As a violin virtuoso his playing was Naples, 1771 ; Cimarosa, Naples, 1783 Por-
;
marked by brilliancy, passion, mastery over togallo, Turin, 1788; Checchi, Leghorn,
all technical difficulties, and great beauty 1810.
of tone. His compositions are effective EROICA. See Sinfonia Eroica.
EROSTRATE (Erostratus), opera in two
acts, text by Mery and Pacini, music by
Ernest Reyer, first represented at the
theatre of Baden, Aug. 21, 1862. In the
libretto, the story of Erostratus, who is
known to history only as the incendiary of

is mingled
the temple of Diana, at Epbesus,
with much
which Athenais the fable, in
courtesan, Scopas the sculptor, and the
and extremely difficult. Works 2 noc- Venus of Milo are made to j)lay parts.
:
turnes ; El'egie for violin and jjianoforte The opera was given in Paris, at the Opera,
;
EROTIKON
Oct. 16, 1871, but was withdrawn after two Fetis ;Mendel Gerber Schilling
; ; ; Win-
representations. terfeld, Der evaug. Kirchengesang, i. 376.
EROTIKON, Lieclercyelus by Adolf Jen- ESCHBORN, KARL, born early in the
sen, op. 44. 19th century. Dramatic composer, Con-
EESCHALLET, FEIERKLANGE. See zertmeister in the court theatre orchestra
Jiienzi. of Mannheim in 1830, music director in
ERSTEHE, HOHE ROMA, NEU. See Cologne in 1842, and dramatic director in
Rienzi. Works Bastaids
Aix-la-Chapelle in 1845. :
ERTEL (Ertelius), SEBASTIAN, German oder das Stiergefecht, opera in three acts,
composer of the early part of the ITtli cen- text by Wiedeufeld, given at Amsterdam,
tury. He was a Benedictine monk at "\Vei- February, 1847 Songs. Mendel Fetis. ; ;
henstephan, near Freisiug, and later in the ESCHJIANN, JULIUS K.VRL, born at
Convent of Gersten, Upper Austi'ia. He Winterthur, Switzerland, April, 1826, died

published church music. Mendel Futis ; in Ziirich, Oct. 27, 1882.
;
Pianist, pupil of
Gerber. Mendelssohn lived in Cassel until 1852,
;
ERSTE WALPURGISNACHT, DIE (The when he settled in Zurich as a teacher.

Fii'st Walpurgis Night), ballad for solo He composed chiefly didactic music for
voices, chorus, and orchestra, poem by pianoforte and violin. Mendel Fetis, Sup- ;
Goethe, music by Mendelssohn, op. GO. plement, i. 306 Eiemanu. ;
The composition was begun in April, 1831, ESCI OM.AI. See Nozze di Figaro.
and was nearly finished before May. The ESCOBEDO (Escovedo), B.ÊTOLO-
first version was completed in Milan, July Mfi, born in Spain about 1510, date of
15th, except the overture, called by the death unknown. Church composer and
composer Saxon Overture, which bears the learned contrapuntist first studied in Sala- ;
date, Feb. 13, 1832. This fii'st version was manca, then went to Rome, where he became
brought out in Berlin in January, 1833. a member of the Pontifical Choir in 1536.
Ten years later, Mendelssohn returned to He was afterwards (1554) a priest in Segovia,
the work, making several changes, and re- and was one of the judges in the musical
scoring the whole. This second and final dispute between Vicentini and Vincenzo Lu-
version was given with an English transla- sitano. His motets are found in Eslava's
tion by Bartholomew, by the Philharmonic, Lira sacro-hispana, and some of his church
in London, July 8, 1844, and at the Ge- music was preserved in the royal chapel at
wandhaus in Leipsic, March 1, 1845. Ber- Madrid, notably 2 Miserere and a IMagui-
lioz's account of being at the last rehear- ficat, which were considered very fine. Fe-
sal for this performance (Mi'moires, 2G3) is tis, iii. 156 Hawkins, Hist., iii. 91
; Schil- ;
in'obably wrong, as Berlioz was in Leipsic ling Ambros, iii. 569.

;
in Februarj', 1843, and in Paris and Vienna ESCOVAR, JOAO DE, Portuguese com-
in the early part of 1845 ;but his account poser of the beginning of the 17th century.
of the work is worth reading. The full and His motets were published in Lisbon in
pianoforte scores are published by Kistner 1620. He was the author of "Arte de mu-
(Leii^sic). Lampadius, 2d ed., 134 Allgem. sica theorica y practica." Fetis Mendel
;
;
mus. Zeitung, xlviii. 1G5. Gerber.

ERYTHRAUS, GOTTHARD, born in ESCRIBANO, JUAN, Spanish musician
Strasburg about 15G0, died about 1G17. In of the IGth century. His compositions are
1587 he became Magister in Altdorf, in 1595 found in the Papal Chapel, Rome, where he
Cantor and music teacher of the Gymnasium officiated as singer after having received a
there, and in 1G09 rector of the Stadtschule. musical education at Salamanca. Futis,
His principal compositions are sacred songs. Supplement, i. 307.
36
;
ESILIATI
ESILIATI DI SIBERIA, GLI. See Elisa- by Louise Angelique Bertin, Paris, 1836
beth. Mazzucato, Mantua, 1838 Dargomysky, ;
ES 1ST DIR GESAGT, Ccantata for Dom. Moscow, 1847 Prince Poniatowski, Leg- ;
viii. ijost Trinit., by Joliann Sebastian horn, 1847 William Henry Fry, Philadel-
;
Bach. PublisbeJ by the Bach-Gesellschaft, phia, 1864 Wilhelm Wetterhahn, Chem-

;
Church Cantatas (1860), vol. v., No. 45 and ;

nitz, 1866 Friedrich Miiller, Laibach,
;
with additional accompaniments by Robert 1867 Campana, St. Petersburg, 1869.

;
Franz, full and pianoforte scores (F. E. C. Athenffium (1883), i. 417.

Leuckbart, Breslau). ES MUSS DOCK FRUHLING WER-
ES 1ST GENUG ! bass air of Elias in DEN, symphony in E minor, op. 67, com-
jMeiulelssohu's Elicit, Part 11. monly called the Spring symphony, by Fer-
ESLAVA, Don iHGUEL HELARIO, bom dinand Hiller, 1840.
at Banlada, near Pampeluua, Spain, Oct. 21, ESPADERO, N. RUIZ, born in Ha-
1807, died in Madrid, July 23, 1878. Dra- vana, Cuba, in 1835. Pianist, pupil of
matic composer, first instructed in solfeggio Aiizti published brilliant pianoforte mu- ;
and singing when a choir-boy in the Ca- sic in the style of Gottschalk. He was
thedral of Pampeluna, then pupil of Julian Gottschalk's musical executor, and edited
Prieto on the pianoforte and the organ, and the jjosthumous works of that composer,
of Francisco Seccanilla in composition. In published by Ohver Ditson & Co. (Boston
1828 he became maestro de capilla of the and New York). Works Souvenir d'autre- :
cathedral at Ossuna, where he took orders ;

fois, op. 11 ; Chant de I'ame, op. 13 ; Plainte
in 1832 of the Cathedral of Seville, where du ijoiite, op. 14 ; Partez, ingrate, melodie,
J
he was consecrated a priest, and in 1844 ; op. 15 ; Barcarolle, op. 18 ; Cantilene, op.
of the royal chapel at Madrid. Order of 19 ; Ballade, op. 20 ;
Innocence, caprice,
Charles HI, 1848. Works Operas II so- 23 Tristesse, nocturne, op. 53 Ossian,
: o]}. ; ;
litario, given at Cadiz, 1841 La tregua

; polka de salon Deusieme ballade, o\). 57 ; ;
di Ptolemaide, ib., 1842 Pietro il

; crudele, Scherzo, op. 58 Valse ideale, op. 60 Chant ; ;
ib., 1843 Spanish operas. More than 150 du Gnargiro, sc5ne caracteristique cubaine,
;
church compositions, comprising masses. op. 61. Fetis, Supplement, i. 307 Mendel, ;
psalms, hymns, motets, etc. He published Ergilnz., 98,
also Lira sacro-hispana, and Museo organico ESPENT, PIERRE, born in Marseilles,
espanol, collections of church music by old Aug. 28, 1832, still living, 1888. Blind or-
and new Spanish masters, and in 1862 ganist and composer, pupil at the institu-
wrote, for the Revue de musique sacree tion for the blind in Paris, and received a
(Paris), an interesting survey of the history composition prize from Adolph Adam. Be-
of church music in Spain. Fetis
Grove came
;
a teacher;
of solfege and of the pi-
Mendel. anoforte, director of a music class in a

ESMERALDA, opera in four acts, text school for the blind, in 1858, at Nancy, and
by Marzials and Randegger, after Victor in 1865 at Marseilles, and organist at No-
Hugo's romance " Notre-Dame de Paris," tre Dame de la Garde. He has composed
music by Arthur Goring Thomas, first rep- overtures, masses, cantatas, orchestral mu-
resented at Drury Lane Theatre, London, sic, etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. 307; Men-
March 26, 1883. The work was well re- del, Ergilnz., 98.
ceived and has since been given in Ger- ESPIN Y GUILLEN, JOAQUIN, pianist
many. In 1887 Mr. Thomas rewrote the and organist, born at Velilla, Spain, May
fourth act, and restored the tragic close in
4, Madrid, June 24, 1882.
1812, died in
accordance with the original idea of Victor He wrote popular zarzuelas, and in 1842
Hugo. The same subject has been treated published " La Iberia musical," the first
27
;; ;
ESSER
musical paper published in Sjiaiu. He be- ESSEX, TI]\IOTHY, born at Coventry,
came second organist in the royal cliapel Warwickshire, 1780, died ('?). Organist ;
in 1855 ;
Mus. Doc, 1812.
professor of solfeggio at the Con- Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1806 ;
servatorio director of the chorus at the Works Rondos 6 duets for two flutes
; : ; ;
Koyal Theatre, 1872. Fetis, Supplement, i. Pianoforte and organ music. Fetis Men- ;
308 Mendel, Ergiinz., 98.

; del.
ESSER, HEINRICH, born in Mannheim, ESTE (Est, East, Easte), HHCHAEL, born
July 16, 1818, died in Salzburg, June 3, in England, latter part of 16th century, died
1872. Violinist, pupil of Franz Lachner after 1638. Organist, conjectured to have
and of Sechter in Vienna became Conzert- been the son of Thomas Este (died after
;
meister and theatre conductor in Mannheim, 1624), the most important of the enrlj Lon-
director of the Liedertafel in Mainz in 1812, don music publishers. He first appears in
and Kapellmeister of the theatre there in print as the author of the five-part madrigal.
184G In 1817 he was called to Vienna as Hence, stars, too dim of light, published in
Ka2)ellmeister of the Imperial Opera, was '"The Triuniphes of Oriana " in 1601. Be-
director of the Philharmonic concerts for tween 1610 and 1618 he obtained his degree
some time, and in 18G7 was appointed art- of Mus. Bac, Cambridge and he became ;
member of the board of directors of the master of clioristers of Lichfield Cathedral.

Opera, but retired in 18G9 on a pension. Works First set of Madrigals (London, :
He was loved as a man, respected as an 1604) Second set (ib., 1606) Third set of ; ;
artist, and some of his songs became very Bookes, wherein are Pastorals, Anthems,
popular. His widow and children were Neapolitaues, Fancies, and Madrigals, to

pensioned by the Emperor. Works Op- 5 and 6 parts (ib., 1610) Madrigals, An- ;
eras :Silas, given at Mannheim, 1839 thems, etc (ib., 1618) Anthems (ib., 1624)
; ;
Riquiqui, Aix-la-Chapelle, 1843 Die beiden Duos and Fancies for Viols (ib., 1638).
;
Priuzen, Munich, ISll. String quartet 2 Gi-ove Hawkins, History, iv. 25

; Bur- ; ;
suites 3 symphonies about 40 books of uey. History, iii. 133 Mendel.

; ; ;
songs 2 sonatas
; Trio with pianoforte,
; ESTELLA. See Les Bhicts.
and other music, in all 81 opus numbers. ESTHER, oratorio in three acts, text by
His orchestral transcrijitions of Bach's C Alexander Pope (?), music by Handel, first
minor Passaeaglia, and Toccata in F, have performed at Cannons, the residence of
been much played in German}' and America. the Duke of Chandos, Aug. 20, 1720. The
Allgem. d. Biogr., vi. 382 Mendel Grove; original work, Handel's first English ora-
; ;
Fotis. iii. 159 Supplement, i. 308 Rie- torio, for which he received .1,000, is in
; ;
niaim. one part of six scenes, and was probably

ESSER, KARL MICHAEL, Bitter VON, first called Haman and Mordecai. It was
born in Aix-la-Chapelle about 1736, died sung first in London, Feb. 23, 1732, by the
after 1791. He became first violin of the Children of the Chapel Royal, on Handel's
court orchestra of Cassel about 1756, and in forty-seventh birthday. The success of tliis
1759 began a concert tour which lasted private performance led to the announce-
many years and covered nearly all Eu- ment of a rival representation by a specu-
rope. The Pope made him a knight of the lator, April 20, 1732, and this induced Han-
Order of the Golden Spur in 1772. He del to give a public performance at the
travelled in Spain in 1786. Works Die King's Theatre, May 2, 1732, when the
:
drei Piichter, opera, given in Gotha, 1791 work was given enlarged to three acts. For
Violin unisic, much unpublished.
Mendel this new version the text was rearranged
Fotis Schilling Wasielewski, Die Violine, by Samuel Humphreys, and Handel rewrote
; ;
218. . .
much of the original music, composed much
: ;
ESTOCART
new music, and borrowed freely from tbe Marcel, in which be eventually loses his
Coronation Anthems. Tbe MS., iu Buck- life.
iugbam Palace, wants tbe overture and tbe ETHEEIDGE, GEORGE, English com-
last page but two complete conducting poser of the 16th century, born at Thame,
;
scores are in tbe same collection, and au- Oxfordshire. He wrote anthems, madri-
otber one Hamburg. Characters rep- gals, and songs.
is at
resented ; Haman, Habdonab,

Abasuerus, ETOILE DU NORD, L' (Tbe Star of the
Esther, Mordecai, Chorus of Persian Sol- North), opera in three acts, text by Scribe,
diers, Ciiorus of Israelites. The overture, music by Meyerbeer, first represented at
one of the best Handel ever wrote, is also the Opera Comiciue, Paris, Feb. 16, 1854
one of tbe most popular, and tbe cho- Kiven iu Italian as La Stella del Nord at
ruses are superb. Tbe airs were published
by Walsh (1733), and by Arnold (1794) ;
text with pianoforte score, edited by J. J.

Maier (Leipsic, 1858) full score, Handel ;
Society (London, 1844-45) ; original score

(Haman and Mordecai), and revised score
(Esther), Hilndelgesellschaft (1 vol., Leipsic,
1882). Eockstro, Handel, 106, 169 Eeiss- ;
mauu, 69 Scboelcber, 59, 104

;
Chrysan- ;
der, ii. 209.

ESTOCART. See L'Estocarl.
ESTR1':E, jean
French composer of T>\
the 16tb century. Duverdier styles him
joueur de bautbois du Ptoi. His composi-
tions are published in four books entitled :
Livres de danseries, contenant le chant des

bransles communs, etc., de Champagne, de
Bourgogne, de Poictou," etc. (Nicholas du
Chemin, Paris, 1564). Fetis Mendel ;
ES WIRD EIN stern AUS JACOB

AUFGEHN, chorus in Mendelssohn's Chris-
tus.
TIENNE MARCEL, gi-and-opera iu four Caroline Duprez, as Catherine.
actsand six tableaux, text by Louis Gallet,

music by Camille Saint-Saons, first rep- Covent Garden Theatre, London, July 19,
resented at the Lyons Theatre Feb. 8, 1855. It includes several numbers from an
1879. The characters represented are earlier work by Meyerbeer, Das Fddlager
Etienne Marcel, provost of the merchants in Schlesien (Tbe Camp of Silesia), given
;
his daughter Buatrix, and bis wife Mar- iu Berlin, 1843. The libretto is weak, but
guerite Robert de Loris, equerry to the the music is brilliant and stirring, and full
;
Dauphin, iu love with Bc-atrix Eustaobe, an of singular orchestral effects. It opens at

;
adventurer Jean Maillard, district police

;
Viborg, Finland, where Pierre (Peter the
officer The Dauphin Robert de Clermont,
; ;
Great), working iu the disguise of a ship-
marshal of Normandy Robert Lecocq, Bish- ;
carpenter, makes tbe acquaintance of Da-
op of Laou Pierre, friend of Robert de
;
nilowitz, a pastry-cook, and of Catherine, a
Loris. The action turns on tbe events of whom be becomes betrothed,
cantiniere, to
an insurrection of tbe populace led by though she does not know bis rank. A
S9
toile
conscription takes place and Catherine, to Pierre Battaille.
save her brother George, who has just mar- Catherine Caroline Duprez.
ried Prascovia, disguises herself as a soldier Danilowitz Henuaim-Leon.
and volunteers in his j)lace. In the second Gritzenko Lemercier.
act, which opens iu a Russian camp, Cath- Nathalie Mile Loocadie.
erine, while doing duty as a sentinel, peeps
into a tent where she sees Pierre and Da- Edwards, Lyrical Drama, i. 274 ; Hans-
nilowitz drinking and making love to two lick, Moderne Oper, 151.
girls. Shocked at this, she neglects her ETOILE DE SEVILLE, L' (The Star of
duty, insults au officer, and is condemned Seville), opera in four by llippo-
acts, text
to punishment. A mutiny among the lyte Lucas, music bj- Balfe, represented at
the Academie Eoyale de Musique, Paris,
Dec. 17, 1845. The subject is from "La
Estella de Sevilla" of Lope de Vega, which
had previously been adapted for the French
stage by Lebrun, under the title of " Le Cid
d'Audalousie." Balfe was commissioned to
write this work, which ran twenty succes-
sive nights, by the director of the Opera,
he being the first English composer who
had been thus honoured. He received for
it 15,000 francs and 250 francs for each
performance. It was sung by j\luie Stoltz,

Mile Nau, Baroilhet, Gardoni, Paullin,
Menghis, and Bn'moud. Barrett, Balfe,
172.
ETT, KASPAPi, born at Erling, Bavaria,
Jan. 5, 1788, died iu Munich, Nov. 17, 1847.
At the age of nine he sang iu the choir of a
Benedictine monastery, and in Munich was
the pu2)il of Joseph Schlett and Joseph Griitz.
He was the organist of St. Michael's in Mu-
nich from 1816 until his death, and did ex-
Battaille, as Pierre. cellent service by reviving the sacred music
of the IGth, 17th, and 18th centuries, which
soldiers and news of the coming of the he took as models for his deeply religious
enemy ai'ouses Pierre, who makes himself masses, requiems, and other church music.
known to his men and quells the revolt. His woi'ks number about 200, only a small
In the third act, Pierre and Danilowitz ap- portion of wliicli have been published. All-
pear in the Czar's palace, but Catherine gem, d. Biogr., vi. 392 Mendel Fc'tis Rie- ; ; ;
has disappeared and cannot be found. She mann.

is at last discovered by Danilowitz, wander- ETTLING, l5:\nLE, born in Germany
ing around bereft of her reason. After about 1820, resident of France, 1888. His
many etforts, Pierre succeeds in arousing operettas, Un jour de uoce, 1864 Le nain, ;
her by playing on his flute familiar airs, 1873 Le tigre, 1873 L'oeil de monsieur
;
;
her senses are restored, and the two are I'expert, 1874 En maraude, 1877, have
:
united. The original cast at the Opera been given at the minor theatres of Paris.
Comique in 1854 was as follows :
Fetis, Supplement, i. 301).
30
;
Etudes
TUDES SYJIPHONIQUES en forme has survived. He published songs. Ger-
(le Variations for jî^ûoforte, by Robert ber Mendel ; ; Fetis.
Hchumaim, op. 13, dedicated to William EULE, C. D., born in Hamburg in 1776,
Sterndale Bennett, composed in 1834, pub- died there in 1827. The son of an actor, he
lished in August, 1837. Twelve variations brought out an opera at the age of twenty,
on a theme the melody of which was de- and became later the musical director of
rived from the father of Ernestine von the theatre of his native citj'. Works Die :
Fricken, the friend of his youth. All the verliebten Werber, opera, Hamburg, 1796 ;
etudes are instinct with originality and Das Amt- und Wirtshaus, opera, ib., about
strength, and are full of fancy. The whole 1800 Giafiar und Zaide, opera, ib., 1800
; ;
concludes with a brilhant movement, in Der Unsichtbare, opera, text by Costenobel,

which the theme of the variations appears ib., about 1800 Music for pianoforte. Men- ;
only in a subordinate position, the opening del Schilling Fetis. ; ;
motive being taken from a song in Marsch- EULENSTEIN, ANTON HEINRICH SI-
ner's opera Temjjler imd -Jiidin, which con- GORA, Edler VON, born in Vienna in
tains the words, Du stolzes England, freue 1772, died there, Nov. 14, 1821. He was a
dich. The adoption of this theme for the government official for a short time took ;
finale was intended by Schumann as a com- lessons of Mozart, and became the leader
jsliment to Sterndale Bennett, who had just of an amateur orchestra. Works Der Per- :
come to Leipsic, when the variations were riickeumacher, opera, given in Vienna, about
composed. In the second edition, pub- 1800 Vetter Damian, opera, ib., about 1800
;
lished 1852, he changed the title to the Die Wauderschaft, ib., about 1800 Der ;
far more appropriate one of Etudes en gebesserte Lorenz, opera, ib., about 1810;

forme de Variations. Maitland, 53 Kie- Sonatas; Quartets; Songs, etc.
; Mendel;
mann, 61. Fetis ; Schilling.
EUCH LtJETEN, DIE MEIN KLA- EUMENE (Eumenes), Italian opera, mu-
GEN. See Lohengrin. by Ziaui, represented at Venice in 1696.
sic
EUGEN (FRIEDRICH KARL PAUL The subject is the same as that of Antigono
LUDWIG), Duke of Wiirtemberg, born at (Antigonus). It has been musically treated
Oels, Silesia, Jan. 8, 1788, died at Karlsruhe also by Albinoni, Rome, 1717 Porpora, ;
Manor, ib., Sept. IG, 1857. Amateur dra- Rome, 1721 Jommelli, Naples, 1746 Man- ; ;
matic composer of considerable ability, enna, Turin, 1750 Sacchini, Rome, 1763 ; ;
tered at an early age the service of his uncle, Borghi, Turin, 1778 ; Buroni, Stuttgart,
the Czar Paul of Russia, took part in the 1778 ; Bertoni, Venice, 1784.
campaigns of 180G-7 in East Prussia, and EUilENIDES, choruses and incidental
1810 in Turkey, and distinguished himself music to the tragedy by iEschylus, by
as a general in the wars of independence, Charles Villiers Stanford, op. 24, first
and in 1828 against the Turks. After re- given at Cambridge, England, Dec. 1, 1885.
tiring from military service he lived mostly Athenaum (1885), ii. 740, 741.
on his estate Karlsruhe, in Silesia. His EUPHROSINE ET CORADIN, ou le
compositions, comprising songs, instru- tyran corrige, opcra-comique in three acts,

mental works, and operas, among which in verse, text by Hoffmann, music by Mehul,
especially Die Geisterbraut, were widely first represented at Theatre Italien, the
known and popular. Paris, Sept. 4, 1790. Mehul, then twenty-
EUGENIUS, TRAUGOTT, German com- seven years old, had struggled with fortune
poser of the 15th centurj'. He was cantor until the production of this work, which
at Thorn about 1100, and was one of the '
met with gratifying success and insured

oldest German contrapuntists whose name ;
his future. The duet in the second act,
31
EUPJDIGE
" Gardez-vous de la jalousie,"' is a master- betrothed into the wilderness and leaves
piece of dramatic expression. her to perish. Lysiart gets possession of
EURIDICE, musical drama, text by Otta- Adolar's estates and marries Eglantine, but
vio Einucciui, music by Jacopo Peri and the latter, tortured by remorse, confesses
Giulio Caccini, represented at the Palazzo the deceit practised upon Adolar, and is
Pitti, Florence, on tbe occasion of the mar- stabbed by Lysiart. Adolar challenges the
riage of Henri IV. of France with ilaria de' robber of his inheritance, but the combat is
Medici, December, 1600. This work, found- pi'evented by King Ludwig, who declares the
ed on the story of Ori^heus and Eurydice, oft'ender forfeited to the law, and reinstates
was the first opera ever performed in jjub- Adolai-. Euryanthe, who has been found
lic. Peri's earlier drama, Dafne, having been in the wilderness by huntsmen, I'eturns and
performed only privately. Both composers brings joy to all. The performance was
wrote music to the whole test, indepen- conducted by the composer in person, who
dently of eacih other, but at the performance
2)art of Peris score and part of Caccini's
were used. Peri's Euridice was published

in Florence in 1600 and reprinted at Venice
in 1008 and a new edition was ijublished
;
in Florence in 18G3. Caccini's Euridice

was also published separately in Florence
in 1660. Peri's Euridice was given in Paris,
at the Petit Bourbon, 1017, by a company
France by Car-
of Italian singers invited to
dinal Mazarin.
Ambros, iv. 253; Naumann
(Ouseley), i. 524.
EURYANTHE, gi-and romantic opera in
Helmina von Chezy (born
three acts, test by
von Klencke, 1783-1856), music by Carl
Maria von Weber, first represented at the
Court Opera House, Vienna, Oct. 25, 1823.
The cast was as follows :
Euryanthe (S ) Frl. Henrietta Sontag.

Eglantine (M.-S.) Frau Griinbaum. Henrietta Sontag.
Lysiart (B.) Herr Forti.

received with a storm of apj^lause but
Adolar (T.) Herr Heitzinger. was ;
enthusiasm soon grew cold, and the ojjera

Ludwig M. (B.) Herr Seipelt.
was given only seven times. It was given
The libretto is from a French romance en- later in Vienna with Schrikler-Devrieut in
titled " Histoire de Gerard de Nevers et the chief part, and again, under the admin-
:
de la belle et vertueuse Euryant de Savoj-e, istration of Count Gallenberg. It was pro-

sa mie," which both Boccaccio and Shake- duced with success in Berlin, Dec. 23,
speare (" Cymbeline ") had previously used. 1825 then in Weimar and Dresden in
; ;
Adolar, Count de Nevers, is betrothed to Paris, at the Opera, April 6, 1831, with in-
the beautiful Euryanthe de Savoy. Eglan- terpolations from Oberon and generall}' dis-
tine, her rival, in league with Lysiart, aiTansred bv Castil-Blaze in London, at ;
Count de Forest, succeeds in arousing Covent Garden, June 29, 1833 and again ;
Adolar's suspicious in regard to Eglantine's in Paris, at the Theatre Lyrique, Sept. 1,
faith, and Adolar himself conducts his 1857, with a new libretto. The opera was
32
EUTITIITS
played in New York about 18G3, but the Dramatic comjjoser, pupil of Brigode, maitre
first proper representation was at the j\Iet- de cliapelle of St. Peter's, Louvaiu. He has
rojiolitan Opera House, Dec. 28, 1887, when served as bandmaster in several Belgian reg-
it was sung in German, witli Lilli Lehmann iments, and became in 1844 professor of the
in the title-role. Max M. von Weber, Carl bugle, trumpet, and coruet-a-pistous at the
M. von W. (Leipsic, 1864), ii. 352, 451 ;

Conservatoire, Liege. Works : L' Avalanche,
HcUborn (Coleridge), Life of Schubert, i. opera ; Hommage a Gretrj-, dramatic over-
21G ; Hauslick, INIodcrue Oper, G'J ; Kreh- ture ; much military and church music pub-
biel. Review (1887-1888), 62. lished iu Liege. Fetis, Supplement, i. 309.
EUTITIUS, AUGUSTIN, Polish com- EVERS, KARL, born iu Hamburg, April
poser of the 17th century. A Minorite, at- 8, 1819, died in Vienna, Dec. 31, 1875.
tached in 1613 to the chaisel of Ladislaus Pianist, pupil of Jacques Schmitt played ;
IV., of Poland. He comj)osed church music. in public at the age of twelve then made a ;
Mendel ; Fetis ; Sowiuski, 184 concert tour of Denmark and Sweden. He

EVANS, CHARLES SMART, born in studied theorj' under Zieger in Hanover,
Loudon in 1778, died there, Jan. 4,and Karl Krebs iu Hamburg, and received
1849.
A chorister in the Chajjel Royal under Dr. in 1839 some instruction from Mendelssohn
Ayrton, he was admitted as gentleman of in Leipsic visited Paris, where he was well ;
tlie Chapel Royal in 1808. The Glee Club received by Chopin and Auber then went ;
awarded him a prize, in 1811, for "Beauties, to Vienna, and settled in Gratz as music-
have you seen a toy?," and in 1812 for " Fill dealer iu 1858, but returned to Vienna in
all the glasses." He took the Catch Club 1872. Works 4 pianoforte sonatas Chan- : ;
prize, in 1817, for the best setting of sons d'amour, or 12 songs without words
William Liuley's " Ode to the Memory of characterizing different nations Fantasias ; ;
Samuel Webb," the eminent glee composer Fugues Songs in all, more than one hun-
; ; ;
and obtained another prize in 1821 for his dred works. Mendel, iii. 442 Ergiinz., 98 ; ;
glee, " Great Bacchus." He was the com- Fetis, iii. 165 do., Supplement, i. 309 ; ;
poser of anthems, two of which were Wurzbach, iv. 114 Grove Riemann. ; ;
printed ; and of several motets written for EV'RY VALLEY, tenor air in E, in Han-
the choir of the Portuguese Ambassador's del's 3Iessiah, Part I.
Chapel, some of which are printed in No- EXNER, GUSTAV HERMANN, born at
vello's Collection of IMotets. Grove. Berbisdorf, near Hirschberg, Silesia, Oct.
iiVE, a mystery iu three parts, text by 28, 1815. Organist, jjupil of his father,
Louis Gallet, music by Jules Massenet, first who was a Cantor finished his education ;
given in Paris, March IS, 1875. in Hirschberg, Jena, and Bunzlau. He

i5VE (D^ve), ALPHONSE D', born near was organist and director of musical soci-
Courtrai, France, about the middle of the eties iu Goldberg in 1841-45, and then in
17th centurj'. Church composer, priest, and Sagau. His compositions are mostly vocal
niaitrede chapelle of Notre Dame, AutwerjJ, church music. Mendel Fetis. ;
from 1718 to 1725 and for many years ; EYBLER, JOSEPH, Edler VON, boru
leader of the choir of the Church of Saint- at Schwechat, near Vienna, Feb. 8, 1765,
Martin, Courtrai. His motets and other died in Schonbrunn, July 24, 1846. Pupil
church music in MS. are preserved in the of his father and of Albrechtsberger iu Vi-
Church of Sainte-Walburge, at Audenarde. enna. He adopted law as a profession,
Fetis Vander Straeten, ii. 128 iii. 6 v. but changed to music when his parents be-
; ; ;
145 Biog. nat. de Belg., vi. 740

; Mendel. came poor, and was assisted by the friend-
;
E^T^RAERTS, PIERRE FRANCOIS, ship of Haydn and Mozart. He attended

born in Louvaiu iu 1816, still living, 1888. Mozart in his last illness, and was commis-
33
EYKEN
sioned by his widow
Requiem, 1823, died at Elberfeld, Sept. 24, 18C8.
to finisli tlie
but gave up the lu 1792 he became Organist, pupil of his father, Gerard van
tcask.
choir-master of the Carmelite Church in Eyken, organist subsequently at the Leip- ;
the Vienna subm-b of Leoj)oldstadt, in 1793 sic Conservatorium in 1845-46. On Men-

of the Schotteu monastery in Vienna, in delssohn's recommendation he finished his
1801 music-teacher to the irajierial princes, organ studies under Johaun Schneider, in
in 1804 vice-Kapelhueister 1824, on Sa- ; Dresden. Ho gave organ concerts in Hol-
lieri's retirement, Kapellmeister to the Em- land in 1847, became organist in the Church
peror of Austria. He was ennobled in 1834. of the Remonstrants, Amsterdam, in 1848,
While conducting Mozart's Requiem in and professor of the organ in the music
1833, he was struck by aploplexy, which school of Rotterdam in 1853. In 1854 he
compelled him to renounce the active prac- went to Elberfeld as organist of the Re-
tice of his profession. He took Mozart's formed Church. He received prizes for
advice in composing mostly church music. the following compositions written for the
His works show a devotional spirit, in sjjite Netherlands Society for the Encouragement
of great mobility and occasionally too heavy of Music :Quartet for jiianoforte, violin, vi-
instrumentation, and bear some likeness ola, and violoncello 2 organ sonatas music
; ;
to the compositions of ISIichael Haydn. for a Dutch drama, Lucifer and songs for ;
Works Das Zauberschwert, opera, 1803

: four male voices. He arranged Goudiniel's
(not represented) Die Mutter der Gracchen,
; 150 psalms for the Reformed Church for
pantomime Die Hirten bei der Krippe zu
; choir and organ, besides composing church
Bethlehem, cantata, sung in 1794 Die vier ; music and Lieder with pianoforte accompa-
letzteu Dinge, oratorio, performed in 1810 ;
niment,hymns for men's voices, etc. Fi'tis ;
32 masses (7 printed) Requiem 7 Te De- ; ; Riemann Mendel.

;
um 30 offertories 35 graduals 7 piano-

; ; ; EYKENS, JEAN SIMON, born at Ant-
forte sonatas Symphonies Concertos
; ; ;
werp, Oct. 13, 1812, still living, 1889. Dra-
Overtures Chamber music Songs. All-
; ; matic com]50ser, pupil of Ravets, organist
gem, d. Biogr., vi. 453 Wurzbach, iv. 120 ;
;
of the church of the Augustiues, Antwerji,
Fetis ; Mendel Schilling Riemann Grove. and
; ; ; at the Conservatoire, Liege, of Jalheau
EYKEN (Eijken), GERRIT JAN VAN,
on the pianoforte, and of Danssoigne-Mchul
born at Amersfoort, Netherlands, May 5, in harmony. Returned to Antwerp in 1831,
1832, still living, 1889. Organist, pupil of devoted himself to teaching the jjianoforte,
his father, Gerard van Eyken, organist, of became conductor of the Reunion lyrique
his brother, Jan Albert, and (1851-53) at anversoise in 1843, and president of the
the Leipsic Conservatorium and at Dres- Reunion des socictes lyriques in 1848.
den of Johann Schneider and Magnus Member of the Societe royale des sciences,
Bohme. After his return to Holland he Antwerp, and of the Societo d'emulation,
settled first at Amsterdam, and in 1855 at Lic'ge. Works Le depart de Grctry, op- :
Utrecht, where he became organist of the eretta, given at Liege, 1829 Le bandit, ;
Waalsche kerk, and Kapelraeester of the opera, Antwerp, 1836 La cle du jai-din, ;
schutterij. Works Het Krooningsfeest ib., 1837 Cantata for the unveiling of the
:
;
van keizer Karel V. te Bologna, opera, statue of Rubens, ib., 1840 Masses and ;
given at Amsterdam, May 14, 1858, Utrecht, other church music Pianoforte pieces ; ;
Nov. 20, 1859 Sonata for jîanoforte and Choruses for male voices, with or without
;
violin ; 3 sonatinas for pianoforte ; Songs. orchestra ; Songs, etc. Fetis ; Viotta.
Viotta. EYRE, ALFRED JAMES, born at Lam-
EYKEN (Eijken), JAN ALBERT VAN, beth, London, Oct. 24, 1853, still living,
born at Amersfoort, Netherlands, April 29, 1889. Organist, impil at the Royal Acad-
34
;; ;
EYSEL
emy under Maefarren, Westlake, Vicenza, 1790 Mercadante, Turin, 1826
of IMusic ;
ami Smith, and on the organ under Hoyte Celli, Florence, 1830.
and Cooper. He has served as organist of EZIO, Italian opera in three acts, text by
several metropolitan churches, lastly of St. Metastasio, music by Handel, first rep-
John Evangelist, 1881 was organist of the resented at the King's Theatre, London,
;
Crystal Palace, 1880. Works Commun- Jan. 15, 1732. The MS., preserved in:
ion Service in E-flat for Buckingham Palace, is undated, the last

; Evening Service
the Diocesan Choral Associa- sheet being missing. The text of Metas-
Salisbury
tion The 12Cth Psalm for four voices tasio is much abridged and altered. The
;
String quartet Pianoforte music Songs, principal charactei-s were sung by Senesino,
; ;
etc. Montagnana, and Signora Strada. It was

EYSEL, JOHANN PHILIPP, born at given five times. Published first by Walsh ;
Erfurt, 1G98, died there, 17G3. Amateur full score by Hilndelgesellschaft (Leipsie,
violoncellist, and composer of more than 1880).Rockstro, Handel, 167 Schoilcher, ;
ordinary ability published several cantatas, 103

;
; Chrysander, ii. 248.
a great number of motets (Nuremberg,

1738-16), solos for violin, and flute, with
thorough bass. Mendel ; Schilling. FABER, BENEDICT, born at Hildburg-
EZIO (^tius), Italian opera in three hausen about the end of the 16th
acts, text by Metastasio, first set to music century, died (?). Church comp)Oser
by Auletta and represented in the Teatro of distinction, in the service of the Duke of
delle Damme, Rome, Dec. 2G, 1728. The Saxe-Coburg about the first quarter of the
libretto, founded on incidents in the career 17th century. Works: The 148th Psalm
of ^tius, the famous general of the Western (in Latin), for 8 voices (Coburg, 1602) Sa- ;
Empire and conqueror of Attila, is one of crpe cautiones, 4, 5, G, 7 et 8 vocibus conci-

Metastasio's best works. Scene in Rome. nendiB (ib., 1G05) Gratulatio musica ex ;
Characters represented Valentiniano III., primo

:
capite, etc. (ib., 1607) Canticum ;
emperor, in love with Fulvia Fulvia, daugh- sex vocibus in festivitatem nuptiarum (ib.,
;
ter of Massimo, betrothed to Ezio Ezio, lover 1607) The 51st Psalm, Miserere mei Deus,
; ;
of Fulvia Onoria, sister of Valentiniano, for 8 voices (ib., 1G08)

;
Adhortatio prima ;
secretly in love with Ezio ; Massimo, father Christi, etc. (ib., 1609) ; Cautio nuptialis ex
of Fulvia, confidant and psalmo Davidis, etc. (ib., 1609) Cantiones
secret enemy of ;
Valentiniano Varo, jDrefect of prretorians sacra;, 4-8 voc. (ib., 1610) Triumphus mu-
;
;
and friend of Ezio. The libretto has been sicalis in victoriam resurrectiouis Christi, 7
set to music also by Porpora, Venice, 1728 vocibus compositus (ib., 1611) Zwei neue ;
Handel, London, Jan. 15, 1732 Lampu- Hochzeits Gesilnge mit 5 Stimmen Gratu- ;
;
gnani, Venice, 1737 Jommelli, Bologna,

;
latorium musicale 6 vocum (ib., 1631). Fe-
174:1, and Naples, 1748 Pescetti, Venice, ;
tis ; Mendel.
1747 Bonno, Vienna, 1749 Traetta, Rome,
; ;
FABRE D'OLIVET, ANTOINE, born at
1754 Perez, London, 1755 Graun, Ber-
; ;
Ganges (Herault), Dec. 8, 1768, died in
lin, 1755 Gassraann, Italy, about 1760
; ;
Paris, April, 1825. Dramatic composer ; he
Schwanberg, Brunswick, 17G3 Gluck, Vi- ;
endeavoured to reproduce the old Hellenic
enna, 1763 Felice Alessandri, Verona,
;
system of music in an oratorio written for
1767 Johann Christian Bach, about 1770
; ;
the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1804.
Pietro Guglielmi, London, 1770 Sacchiui, ;
His system was analogous to Blainville's
Naples, about 1770 Gazzaniga, Venice,
;
mode mixte, or the mode plagal. Works :
1772 Bertoui, Venice, 1777

;
Mortellari, Le sage de llndostan, philosophical drama
;
Milan, 1777 ; Calvi, Pavia, 1784 Tarchi, with choruses, given in Paris, 1796 Ro- ;
;
:
;
FABIII
mances ; Quartets for two flutes, viola, and atro Partenoiê, 1833 La festa di Carditi- ;
bass (1800). Fetis ; Larousse. eUo, ib., Teatro Nuovo, 1833 R Blondello, ;
FABRI, STEFANO, tbe elder, bom latter ib., 1834 ; La caravana del Cairo, il conte
half of tbe IGth century. He was
maestro di Saverna, ib., 1835 L' inganuo uon dura, ;
di cappella of tbe Vatican in 1599-1601, ib., 1836 R giorno degli equivoci, ib., 1837 ; ;
visited Germany in 1601-2, and was maes- II portator d'acqua, ib., 1840 Lara, o il ca- ;
tro di cajjpella of S. Giovanni in Laterano, valiere verde, Cristina di Svezia, Sjjoleto,

Rome, in 1G03-7. He
two books, 1844. Ft'tis do., Supislement,
'wrote
310. ; i.
Duodecim modi (Nurem-

musicales, FABRIZI, VINCENZO, born in Naples
etc.
berg, 1602) and Trieinia sacra, etc. (ib., about 1765, time of death not known.
1607), and other church music. Fetis
Dramatic comjioser, probably pupil at the
;
Mendel. Conservatorio, Naples, where he had his

FABRI, STEFANO, the younger, born in permanent residence, although be spent a
Rome in 160G, died there, Aug. 27, 1658. goodly portion of his life travelling, to
Composer of the Roman school, pujjil of bring out his ojDeras, which were very suc-
Naniui. He was maestro di cappella of S. cessful. Works Comic operas I due :
Luigi de' Frances!, Rome, in 1648, and in castellani burlati, given at Bologna, 1785 ;
1657 of Santa Maria Maggiore. "Works La sposa in^dsibile, Rome, 1786 La neces- ;
Motets for two to five voices (Rome, 1G50) sitii nou ha legge, Dresden, 1786 La con- ;

Salmi concertati, five parts (ib., 1G60). Fc- tessa di nova luna, Bologna, 1767 I pun- ;
tis ;Mendel. tigli di gelosia, Florence, 1786 Chi la fa ;
FABRICIUS, WERNER, born at Itzehoe, I'aspetta, Bologna, 1787 La nobiltii viUana, ;
Holstein, April 10, 1633, died at Leii)sic, 1787 Gli amanti trajspolieri, Naples, 1787
; ;
Jan. 9, 1679. Organist, first instructed by II cafe di Barcelona, 1788 II Don Gio- ;
his father, who was organist at Flensburg, vanni, ossia il convitato di pieti-a, Fano,
and by the cantor Karl Moth then pujail of 1788 L' incontro per accidente, Naj)les,
; ;
Heinrich Scheidmann and in composition 1788 La tempesta, ossia da uu disordine ;
of Sellius at Hamburg. In 1G50 be went to ne nasce un ordiue, Rome, 1788 R Colom- ;
Leipsic to study, and afterwards to pi-actise bo, 1789 La moglie capricciosa, Milan, ;
law in 1656 he was made director of mu- 1799. FiHis Mendel Schilling.
; ; ;
sic at the Paulinerkircbe, and two years F.ICCIO, FRANCO, born in Verona,
later organist at St. Nicolai. Works De- Jlarch 8, 1841, still living, 1889. Dramatic
:
licite harmouite, musikalische Gemiithser- composer, pupil at the Conservatorio, ililan,

gotzung in Paduanen, Allemanden, Couran- 1855-1861, under Roncbetti and Mazzucato.
ten, Balletten, Sarabanden, etc. (Go), zu 5 He obtained a subsidy from tbe govern-
Stimmen fiir Violen und andere lustru- ment which enabled him to travel and
mente (Leipsic, 1656) Geistlicbe Lieder study.
; With his friend and co-labourer,
(Jena, 1659) Geistlicbe Alien, Dialogen, Arrigo Boito, he pursues a progressive
;
Concerten, etc., fiir 4-8 Vocalstimmen (Leip- course, deviating from the trodden path of
sic, 1662) Motets, etc.
;
Allgem. d. Biogr., the Italian oiêratic style. He was professor
vi. 525 Fetis Monatshefte fiir Musikge- of harmony at tbe Milan Conservatorio,
; ;
schichte (1875), 180 Winterfeld, ii. 477.

; 1868, and subsequently of counterpoint and
FABRIZI (Fabrizio), PAOLO, born at fugue, and maestro concertatore and maes-
Spoleto in 1809, died in Naples, Maix-h 3, tro di cajipella at La Seala, being consid-
1869. Dramatic composer, pupil at tbe ered tbe best conductor in Italy since
Naples Conservatorio, and especially of Zin- Marlani. Works Concert overture, 1860 : ;
gareUi in composition.
Works Operas Le sorelle d' Italia, cantata (with Boito),
:
La vedova d'un vivo, given at Naples, Te- 18G2 I profughi Fiamminghi, opera, text ;
; ;
FACKELTANZ
by Praga, given in Milan, La Scala, Nov. Virtuoso on the flute and guitar, self-taught
10, 1863 Amleto, do., text by Boito, Flor-
; was for years first flute in the orchestra of
ence, 1865, Milan, 1871 Cantata for the
; the Opera in Vienna, then conductor of an
inauguration of tlie Turin Exhibition, 1884 ;
orchestra for dance music. He has written
Album nielodico (Milan, Eicordi) Cinque ; a large number of fantasias, variations, pre-
cauzonette veueziane (ib.).
Fetis, Supple- ludes, transcriptions, etc., for flute solo, and
ment, i. 311 Mendel, Ergiinz., 99
; Eie- ; with other instruments, and dance music for
mann. also Methods for oboe (op. 27)
orchestra ;
FACKELTAXZ (Torch Dance ; Fr.,

and flute. Fetis do., Suiiplcmeut, i. 312 ;
;
^larche aux lianibeaus), a procession with Mendel Wurzbach. ;
torches and military music, customary at FAHEBACH, PHILIPP, the elder, born
some of the German courts on the occasion in Vienna, Oct. 25, 1815, died there, March
of the marriage of a member of the royal 31, 1885. Dramatic, church, and dance
famih'.
Meyerbeer wrote the music a Po- composer, pujnl of Lanner conducted for ;
lonaise in march tempo

for four 1. For years a well-trained orchestra in Vienna,
:
the wedding of the King of Bavaria, 1846 and was afterwards Kapellmeister of a regi-
;
2. For the wedding of the Princess Char- mental band. AVorks Der Liebe Opfer, :
lotte of Prussia, 1850 3. For the wedding opera, given in Vienna, 1844
; Das Scliwert ;
of the Princess Anne of Prussia, 1853 4. des Konigs, do., ib., 1845
; Church music, ;
For the wedding of the Princess Eoj-al of and more than 150 works of dance music.
England and the Crown Prince Friedrich of
AUgem. wiener Musik-Zeitung (1845),
Prussia, Jan. 25, 1858. Spontini, Flotow, 394, 504 Wurzbach. ;
and others, have also written them. Men-

FAHEBACH, PHILIPP, the younger,
del Grove.
; born in Vienna in 1843, still hving, 1889.
FAGO, NICOL(X called II Tarentino, Dance music composer, son and pupil of
born at Taranto in 1674, died in Naples Philipp Fahrbach, the elder, in whose or-
after 1729. Dramatic composer, j)upil of chestra he played first violin, then first
Scarlatti at the Conservatorio de' Poveri, flute, and in 1865 shared the conductor-
Naples, and of Proveuzale at the Conserva- shii5 with his father, before organizing an
torio de' Turchini. He succeeded Proven- orchestra of his own, when he rapidly won
zale as maestro, and had as pujsils Nicola the reputation of an able conductor. In
Sala, Leonardo Leo, and other celebrated 1870 he became Kapellmeister of a regi-
musicians. Of his several operas the name ment, and in 1872 instituted at Pesth well-
of one only, Eustachio, is preserved. As- attended concerts, at which he plays his
tarte, a lyrical drama, was produced at Na- own compositions, now numbering more
ples, Teatro Sau Bartolomeo, in 1709. His than 300, which are almost as much in de-
church music includes masses, motets, lita- mand as those of Strauss. Mendel, Er-
nies, Te Deum, two Magnificat, a Benedic- giinz., 99 Fetis, SuiJjilement, i. 312.
;
tus, psalms, etc. Some are in the MSS. of FAIDIT (Faydit), GAUCELM, born at
the National Library, Paris, others in the Uzerche (Correze), France, about 1150, died
archives of the Naples Conservatorio and about 1220. Eichard Cceur de Lion called
other musical libraries in Italy. Bassevi's him to his court, and he accompanied that
collection contains an oratorio, Faraone monarch to the Holy Land, and wrote a dirge
sommerso, for four voices and instruments. at the time of his death (1199). He lived
Fetis do., Supph'ment, i. 311
; Mendel subsequently at the court of the Marquis de
;
do., Ergiinz., 99 lliemann.

; Montferrat, and at that of Eaymond dA-
FAHEBACH, JOSEF, born in Vienna, goult. About fifty of his songs are pre-
Aug. 25, 1804, died there, June 7, 1883. served. Fetis Larousse
Gerber Men- ; ; ;
faig:xient
del ; Brockbaus Allgera. d. Biogr.,
; vi. Girl, Gounod's Faust, and his own opera,
575 ; Ambros, ii. 226 Viotta, i. 49G.
; Valerie. The organization was subse-
FAIGNIENT, NOE, Dutcb contrapuntist quently changed into a choral society. In
He lived in Antweip
of tbe 16tb centuiy. 1878-81 he was organist of St. John's
about 1570 his airs, motets, and madrigals
; Church, Elizabeth, N. J., then of Grace
were printed in Paris and Antwerp (1567- Church, Jersey City, in 1883 of Ascension
1595). His works, written in the style of Church, New York, and in 1884 of St.
Orlando Lasso, are in the collections of that Ignatius Church in the same city, which
time, some of tliem in the Antwerp col- position he still retains. He has published
lection of the Brussels library, in the Livre about 150 comjjositions, of which nearly
septieme des chansons vulgaires. Fetis ; 100 are songs and about 40 are sacred
Van der Straeten, i. 95 v. 283 Burney, ; ; choral works ; the remainder, pianoforte
Hist., iii. 262 ; Mendel ; AValther, 328 ; pieces. He has written also a grand opera,
Viotta, i. 497. Valerie, in four acts.
FAffiFAX. See Fayrfax. FAHl ROSAMOND, English opera in
FAmLAMB, JAMES EEinXGTON, four acts, text by C. Z. Barnett, music by
born, of American parentage, in Philadel- John Barnett, first represented at Drury
phia, Pennsylvania, Jan. 23, 1837, Lane Theatre, London, Feb. 28, 1837. It
still liv-
ing, 1889. Organist, pupil of his mother, is full of charming music, but owing to a
and of Charles Boycr, then organist of St. poor libretto had indifferent success.
Steijheu's Church, Philadelphia. Before he FAISST, IM (GOTTLOB MANUEL
was sixteen years old he became organist FRIEDRICH), born at Esslingeu, AViirtem-
of the Western Methodist Episcopal Church, berg, Oct. 13, 1823, still living, 1889. Or-
Philadelphia a year later of the Tabernacle ganist, self-taught served as organist when
; ;
Baptist Church, and four years afterwards nine years old, went to Berlin in 1844, and
of the Clinton Street Presbyterian Church, was advised by Mendelssohn, to whom he
where he remained two years. In 1858 showed some of his compositions, to jjursue
he went to Europe, and studied, at the his studies independently. Having given or-
Paris Conservatoire, singing under Michel gan recitals in several cities, he settled in
Masset and Madame Bockholtz-Falconi, and 184G, at Stuttgart, where he founded in 1847
harmonj" under Adolphe Dauhauser, and the Union for classical church music, in 1849
at Florence, singing under Mabellini. In the Suabian Silngerbund, and in 1857 with
1860 he settled in Washington, D. C, as Lebert the Conservatorium, at which he \
organist and choir-director of the Church taught the organ and composition, and of
of the Epiphany, but returned in 1861 to which he assumed the directorship in 1859.
Europe as United States Consul at Ztlrich, He is also organist of the Stiftskirche. Tlie
Switzerland, where he remained four years, university of Tubingen conferred on hira
durinjr which he received from the King of the degree of doctor, and the King of Wiir-
Wiirtemberg the grand gold Medal of Art temberg the title of professor. His com-
and Science. In 1865 he returned to the positions consist of cantatas, motets, cho-
Church of the Epiijhany, Washington, but ruses, songs, organ and pianoforte music.
a year later removed to Philadelphia, and Mendel Riemann. ;
in 1870, became organist of St. John's FAITHFUL SHEPHERD. See Pastor

Episcopal Church, Washington, and later fido.
of the Assembly Presbyterian Church in FALANDRY, ALEXIS GERjMAm, born
the same city. During his residence in at Lavalette (Aude), France, April 28, 1798,
Washington he organized an amateur ojjera died in 1853. Composer of church and
company, which produced Balfe's Bohemian chamber music, pupil of Fetis at the Paris
38
:
FALCONE
Conservatoire, 1824-1827 ; became maitre FALLANI, DO MEN
I CO, Neapolitan
de cbapelle in Southern France. Of his church composer, maestro di capisella at

church music and romances were published Pozzuoli in the second half of the 18th
in Paris (Canaux) Mass for three voices,
: centurj'. He wrote masses, vespers, and
with two violins, viola, and bass Memorare, ;
psalms for three and four voices, with two
motet for four voices, and organ Domine ;
violins, viola, and bass. His Orazione di
nou secundum, for three voices and organ ;
Geremia, for a solo voice, with violins, viola,
O sacrum couvivium, do. Ecce panis, do. ; ;
and organ, suggesting the style of Pergolesi
Attende Domine, do. Ave vcrum, for two and Leo, is commended as a masterpiece.
;
voices Hymn to St. Vincent de Paule, Fctis.

;
for do. Organ pieces, and many romances.

;
FALL BABYLONS, DER (The Fall of
Fetis Mendel. ;
Babylon), oratorio in two parts, text by
FALCONE, ACHILLE, Italian contra- Oetker after the English of Edward Taylor,
puntist of the end of the 16th century, died music by Spohr, composed 1840, iirst per-
at Cosenza, Italy, Nov. 9, 1600. He was formed at Cassel, Good Friday, 1811 Mu- ;
maestro di cappella at Caltagirone. His sic Festival, Norwich, 1812 Exeter Hall, ;
name is well known in musical history from London, 1843, conducted by Spolir in per-
the long musical discussion as to the supe- son. Spohr's Autobiography (English ed.),
riority of his merits over those of his rival, ii. 247.
Sebastiano Eaval ; several of the best musi- FALL'N IS THE FOE, chorus in D mi-
cians of the time, including Nanini and So- uoi", in Handel's Judas Maccabwus, Part II.
riano, were made umpires. Baiui accords FALLOUARD, PIERRE JEAN IMICHEL,
him much praise. His madrigals were pub- born at Honfleur (Calvados), France, July
lished after his early death.
Fctis Men- 11, 1805, died there, April 16, 1865. Organ-
;
del Schilling Ambros, iii. 591.

; ;
ist, pupil of Delaporte, whose successor he
FALCONIO (Falconius), PLACIDUS, became at St. Catharine's, Honfleur, in 1825,
Benedictine monk, born at Asola, died in and of Godefroi at Rouen. He then studied
the beginning of the 17th century. Church the works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven,
composer, entered the convent of his order and formed many able jjupils. Works
at Brescia in 15-19. Works : Missai iutroi- 6 series of marches, pas-redoubles, etc., for
tus pertotum annum (Venice, 1575) ; Pas- military band ; 6 valses brillantes for piano-
sio, Voces hebdomadse sanctpe
S. (ib., forte ; 2 quadrilles for 4 hands ; Variations
1580) Eesponsoria hebdomadaj sanctte,
; etc. for clarinet ; 3 duos concertants for 2 clar-
(Brescia, 1580) ; Turbarum Romances, with pianoforte Organ
vocis, etc. (ib., inets ; ;
1580) Magnificat octo touorum (ib., 1588).

;
and songs. Fetis. and pianoforte music,
Ft'tis Gerber (1812), ii. 73
; Mendel FAXiSTAFF, Italian comic opera in two
; ;
Ambros, iv. 79. acts, text by Manfredo Maggioni, music by
FALEGNAiNIE DI LIVONIA, IL (The Balfe, represented at Her Majesty's Thea-

Carpenter of Livonia), Italian comic opera, tre, London, July 19, 1838. The libretto
text by Eomani, music by Donizetti, repre- is an adaptation from Shakespeare's " Merry
sented at the Teatro di San Luca, Venice, Wives of Windsor." The music was en-
1819. The same libretto, set to music by tirely written within two mouths. Sung by
Giovanni Pacini, was given at Milan in Grisi, Albertazzi, Caremoli, Lablache, Ru-
1819, and at Bergamo in 1832. bini, and Tamburini, it won an unqualified
FALKNERS BRAUT, DES (The Fal- success. The trio, " Vorrei parlar," and the
coner's Bride), German opera, music by melody, " O mia gioia," were very popular
Heinrich Marschner, given at Leipsie, and are still found in programmes. Bar-
1832. rett, Balfe, 122 Kenney, Memoir, 126. ;
:
FAMILLE
FAMELLE SUISSE, LA, opera-comique FANNA, ANTONIO, born in Venice in
iu one act, text bj Godart d'Ancourt (Saint- 1795, died there, March 15, 1845. Pianist,
Just), music by Boieldieu, reinesented at wrote fantasias for pianoforte, caprices, etc.,
the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Feb. 12, 1797. besides romances and canzonets for the
This, the composer's first work of impor- voice.
Fetis Mendel Viotta, i. 499.
; ;
tance, had a successful run of thirty nights, FANTASIE mT

CHOR, for pianoforte,
alternately with Cherubini's Medee.
Pou- with orchestra and chorus, text by Christian
gin, Boieldieu, 48. Kuffuer, music by Beethoven, op. 80, in C
FAMINZIN, ALEXANDER SERGIE- minor, composed 1808, first performed iu
VITCH, born at Kaluga, Russia, in 1841, Vienna, Dec. 22, 1808 dedicated to King ;
still living, 1888. Dramatic composer, pu- Maximilian Josejih I. of Bavaria. Pub-
2)il of Jeau Vogt in St. Petersburg, of Haupt- lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1811).
mann, Richter, and Riedel in Leipsic (18G2-

Thayer, Verzeichniss, 77 Lenz, Bee- ;
Go), and of Seifriz at LOwenberg. In 1860 thoven, ii. 188.

he was made jjrofessor of musical history FANTASIO, opera-comique in three acts,
and aesthetics at the Conservatory of St. text after the comedy of Alfred de Musset,
Petersburg, and in 1870 secretary of the music by Otfeubach, represented at the
Russian Music Society. Since 1869 he has Opera Comique, Paris, Jan. 18, 1872. The
edited the Russian perioilical Musical Sea- role of the buffoon was played by Slme
son, and he contributes also to other papers. Galli-:Marie Elsbeth by Mile Priola.
;
Works Sardanapal, opera, given iu St.

: FANTASTIC SYMPHONY. See Epi-
Petersburg, 1875 Uriel Acosta, do., ib., sode de la vie d'un artiste.
;
1883 ;Triumph of Dionysos, symphonic FANTE, ANTONIO DEL, died in Rome,

poem Russian rhapsody for violin and or- Jlarch, 1822. He was maestro di cappella
;
chestra Quintet with pianoforte String of S. M. Maggiore, Rome, from 1817. He

; ;
quartets Pianoforte pieces and songs. left church and chamber music in MS.
;
Mendel, Ergiinz. Riemann. ; Fetis

Mendel. ;
FAN.\TICO BURL.\TO, IL (The Fanatic FANTON, NICOLAS, maitre de musique

Ridiculed), opera buffa, music by Cimarosa, of the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1757. He bad
performed at the Teatro del Foudo, Naples, previously held a similar position at the
1787. It is probably identical with II fa- Cathedral of Blois. He comiioscd motets,
natico in berliiia (The Fanatic iu the Pillory), and phyed at the Concerts Spirituels from
given iu Milan, 1792. 1754. His best compositions are in La-
FANCHETTE, ou I'heureuse eprcuve, lande's style. They were never published.
opera-comique in three acts, text bj- Des- Fetis Mendel. ;
fontaines, music by Dalayrac, rejiresented FANUCCHI, DO:\IENICO, born in Lucca,

at the Opera Comique, Paris, Sept. 13, Italy, about 1795, died there, June 24, 1862.
1788. An opera-comique of the same title, Organist, pupil of Domenico Quilici, and of
in one act, text and music by Eugene De- Domenico Puccini. He became one of the
jazet, was produced at the Theatre Dejazet, best performers of his tiine was maestro ;
Paris, Feb. 4, 1860. of the Seminario of S. Martino. Works

FANISKA, German opera in three acts, Masses Psalms Motets Hymns, etc.
; ; ;
text by Sonnleithner from the French, mu- (1820-1840). Fetis, Supplement, i. 313 ;
sic by Cherubini, represented at the Kiirnth- Mendel, Ergilnz., xii. 100.

nerthor Theater, Vienna, Feb. 25, 1806. It FARAMONDO (Pharamond), Italian op-
had an immense reputation, being consid- era in three acts, text by Apostolo Zeno,
ered at one time superior to Beethoven's but considerably altered, music by Handel,
Fidelio. fii'st performed at the King's Theatre,
40
;
FxiKEWELL
London, Jan. 7, 1738. The MS., in Buck- offices in the province of Jlinho. Works :
ingliam PaLice, is dated, at the beginning, Zarzuelas and vilhancicos, of which he wrote
Nov. 15, 1737, and at the end, Dec. 24, words and music.
Fetis, Supplement, i.,
1737. Within this time Handel wrote also 313 Mendel, Ergiinz., 100 Vasconcellos.
; ;
the Funeral Anthem for the obsequies of FAEINA, CAELO, born in Mantua, Italy,
Queen Caroline. The opera, the principal about 1.580, died (?). He was solo violinist
parts in which were sung by the famous at the court of Savoy, and one of the earli-
artificial soprano Gaetano Majorauo (1703- est to write solo music for his instrument.
1783), called Caffarelli and by Madame He published at Dresden, in 1G27, a collec-
Elizabeth Duparc, called La Francesina, was tion of galliards, courants, etc., the best
given but Characters repre- part of which is appropriately called " Ca-
five times.
sented Faramondo, Clotilde, Rosimonda, priccio Stravagante," wherein the violin is
:
Gustavo, Adolfo, Gernaudo, Teobaldo, made to imitate animal sounds, tlie fife, and
Childerico. It was first published by the guitar. A copy of this book is in the
"Walsh, 1738 ; full score, Htindelgesellschaft Dresden Library. Hart, Violin and its
Music, 172.
FAEINELLI, GIUSEPPE, born at Este,
Venetia, May 7, 1769, died at Trieste, Dec.
12, 1836. Eeal name Finco. Dramatic
composer, pupil in his native city of Do-
menico Liouelli, then in Venice of Marti-
nelli, and in Naples at the Conservatorio
della Pieta de' Turchini (where he changed
his name to Farinelli), of Barbiella in sing-
ing, of Fugo in thoroughbass, and of Sala
and Tritto in composition. He pursued
also special studies under Picciuni, Fena-
roli, and Guglielmi. In 1808 he brought
out iu Venice the cantata II nuovo destino,
lived in Turin from 1810 to 1817, then for
a time in Venice, and in 1819 was appointed
(Leipsic, 1884). Ojseras of the same title maestro di cappella of San Giusto cathedral
had been given previously by Pollarolo, and of the Teatro Grande in Trieste. His
Venice, 1699 and Poriôra, Naples, 1719. operas, mostly comic, are in the style of
;
Schoelcher, Handel, 192 Eockstro, Han- Cimarosa, and obtained great success
; he ;
del, 208 Chrysander, ii. 447.

; was repeatedly invited to Vienna and Lis-
FAEEWELL OF HIAWATHA, THE, bon. As one of the last disciples of the
ballad for baritone solo, male chorus, and masters mentioned, he adhered strictly to
orchestra, by Arthur Foote, op. 11, first the old Neapolitan school, and was averse to
given in the Boston (Mass.) Music Hall by modern Italian music. Works Operas :
the Apollo Club, May 12, 188G. The text La locandiera scaltra, Italy, about 1790,
is from Longfellow's poem. Paris, 1805 L' amor sincero, about 1790 ; ;
FAEEWELL SYMPHONY. See Ab- Bandiera d' ogui vento, 1791 II finto sordo, ;
schieda sinfonie. 1791 La Pamela maritata, Venice, 1791

; ;
FAELi, LLTZ DA COSTA E, born at Oro seuza oro, ib., 1792 LaGiulietta, 1792 ; ;
Guarda, Portugal, Oct. 14, 1679, died (?). La finta sposa, about 1793 Teresa e Clau- ;
He studied at the Theological Seminary, dio, Venice, 1793 L' amico dell' uomo, ;
took orders in 1724, and held important about 1793 Uu effetto naturale, 1793 ;
41
;
FARINELLI
Odoardo e Cailottti, do. ; II colpevole salvato FARMER, THOiLVS, Euglish composer
dellacolpa, 1793; Aiiiietta.ossiavirtu trionta, of the 17tli centurj-. He was originally
1794 L' iudoleute, about 1795 L' iucognita,
; ; one of the Waits of London, aud received
1795 La terza lettera ed il terzo martinel-
; the degree of Mus. Bac, Cambridge, in
lo, Veuice, 1795 II duello jjer comi^limeuto,
; 1684. He conti'ibuted songs to the "The-
1795 Idomeueo, 1796
; Attila, 1797 L' ; ; atre of Music" (1685-1687) and to D'Urfey's
uomo iudolente, Najsles about 1797 11 ;
" Third Collection of songs " (1685) pub- ;
Cid delle Sjjagne, do. La Ginevra degli ; lished a " Consort of Musick in four parts,
Almieri, Turin, 1798 Lauso e Lidia, about ; containing 33 Lessons beginning with an
1798 ; II matrimonio per concorso, about Overture " (1868) and a " Second Consort of
1799 Climeue, 1800 II trionfo d' Emilio,
; ; Musick, iu four jjarts, containing eleven
about 1800 La caritea, 1801 II dotto-
; ; Lessons beginning with a Ground " (1G90).
rato di Pulcinella, 1802 La contadina di ; PurceU composed an Elegy, text by Nahum
spirito, 1803 H nuovo savio della Giecia,
; Tate, on his death, from which it is inferred
1804 Raggiri a sorpresa, 1804 I riti d'
; ; that he died young.
Grove Fetis Haw- ; ;
Efeso, 1804 L' inganno non dura, Naples,

; kins, Hist,, V. 18 Meudel.
;
1806 Adriano in Siria, Milau, 1815 Scij)i-

; ; FARNABY, GILES, born in Truro,
one in Cartagine, Turin, 1815 Zoraide, ; Cornwall, England, second half of 16th cen-
Venice, 1816 La Cbiarina, Milan, 1816 II
; ; tury, died ('?). Comjjoser, graduated at
testameuto a sei cento mille fraucbi, Turin, Oxford as Mus. Bac, July 9, 1592. He was
1816 La donna di Bessarabia, Venice, 1819
;
;
one of the composers employed by Thomas
II nuovo destino, cantata, Veuice, 1808. Nu- Este to harmonize the tunes for the " Whole
volato, Storia di Este e del suo tenitorio Book of Psalms " (1592). Works Canzonets :
(Este, 1851), 563; Fotis, iv. 230; Grove; to foure voyces with a song of eight parts
Meudel Schilling do., Supjslement, 123
; ; ; (Loudon, 1598); Madrigal, "Come, Cha-
Wurzbacli. ron, Come," in MS. Music iu Queen Eliza-
;
FARINELLI, two
serio-comic opera in beth's Virginal Book, preserved in the Fitz-
acts, text by C. Z. Barnett, music by John william Museum, Cambridge. Grove; Fetis;
Barnett, represented at Druiy Lane Thea- Larousse Bumey, Hist., iii. 112 Hawkins,
; ;
tre, London, Feb. 8, 1839. The part of Hist., iii. 367 Ritter, Music iu England, 129.
;
Farinelli (Carlo Broschi) was sung by FARNACE (Pharnaces), Italian opera,

Balfe. music by Caldara, represented in Venice,
FARMER, JOHN, EngUsh composer of 1703. The hero is Pharnaces, son of Mith-
the 16th century. Nothing is known of his ridates. King of Pontus, whose revolt led to
life. In 1591 he published a tract entitled his father's death. The same subject has
'"Divers and Sundrie waies of two Parts iu been treated also by Pollarolo, Venice, 1718 ;
one, to the number of fortie upon one Bononcini, London, 1723 Vinci, Venice, ;
playn Song," etc., and he was one of the ten 1724 Vivaldi, Venice, 1726 Riualdo da ; ;
composers employed by Este to harmonize Capua, Italy, about 1740 Arena, Rome, ;
"
the tunes for his " Whole Book of Psalms 1742 Traetta, Naples, 1750 Perez, Rome, ; ;
(1592). In 1599 he published his "First 1750 Guglielmi, Italy, about 1765 Sarti, ; ;
Set of English Madrigals to Foure Voyces," Veuice, 1776 Sterkel, Naples, 1780 Ur- ; ;
and in 1601 contributed to the " Tri- bani, Dublin, 1784.

umphes of Oriaua " the six-part madrigal, FARRANT, RICHARD, born in first half
"Faire uimphes I heard one telling." of 16th century, died at Windsor, Nov. 30,
Grove Fetis
; Burney, Hist., iii. 134 1580. He was one of the Gentlemen of the
;
Hawkins, Hi.st., iii. 400 Meudel Ritter, Chapel Royal up to 1564 Master of the
; ; ;
Music iu England, 40. Children of St. George's Chapel, Windsor,
42
FARREXC
aucl probably organist, in 1564-69 ; and Naumburg, for which he composed three
again Gentleman of the Chapel Eoj-al, from operas, then visited Italy, and after his re-
1569 until his death. Works High Ser- turn to Leipsic went to Darmstadt to study
:
vice, in G minor A minor, in

Tudway's harmony and counterpoint under Graupner
and
Collection, British Museum The
anthems, and Griiuewald. Having occupied different
;
"Call to remembrance," and, "Hide not positions at Gera (1715), Zeitz (1720), and
Thou thy Face, O Lord," i^reserved in the in the service of Count Morzin in Bohemia
collections of Barnard and Boyce. The (1721), he was appointed Hof kapellmeister
anthem, "Lord, for Thy tender mercies' at Zerbst in 1722. Works : Berenice, op-
sake," assigned to him, is attributed by ear- era, given at Zerbst, 1725 ; 2 sacred canta-
lier writers to John Hilton and the anthem, tas, for four voices and orchestra Orato-
;
;
" OLord Almighty," is questionably assign- rios Masses Motets Passions. ; In the ; ;
ed to him by Tudway. Grove Fe- ;
tis Burney, Hist., iii. 11; Hawkins,

;
Hist., iii. 249 Bitter, Music in Eng-

;
q^. 'ivw .â
land, 39 Naumanu (Ouseley), i. 679.
;
F.ARRENC, JEANNE LOUISE, born Royal Library

1
at Dresden are in MS. : 45
(Dumont) in Paris, May
died concertos for violin, flute, oboe, bassoon,
31, 1804,
there, Sept. 15, 1875. Pianist, pupil of etc., with accompaniment 61 overtures for ;
Moscheles, Hummel, and Reicha. In 1821 orchestra 12 trios, and 13 symphonies for ;
she married Aristide Farrenc (born at Mar- string- and wind-instruments. Allgem. d.
seilles, April 9, 1794, died in Paris, Feb. 12, Biogr., vi. 576 ; Fetis ; Marpurg, Histo-
1869), flutist and writer on music, with whom rischkritische Beitriige (Berlin, 1757), iii.
she made several professional journeys. She 124 ; Mendel ; Schilling.

was professor of the pianoforte at the FASCH, KARL FRIEDRICH CHRIS-
Conservatoire, Paris, from 1842 to 1873. TIAN, born in
Works : Etudes, sonatas, Nov. 18,etc., for the piano- Zerbst,
forte Sonatas for pianoforte, violin, and 1736, died in Ber-
;
violoncello Duos 2 quintets a sestet a lin, Aug. 3, 1800.

; ; ; ;
nonet ; and 3 overtures for Son and pupil of

2 symphonies ;
full orchestra. lu 1869 she was awarded by Jobann Friedrich

the Academie des Beaux-Arts the prize for Fasch in organ
chamber music. Her Tresor des Pianistes and theory, of
(20 parts, Paris, 1861-72) contains master- HOckli for violin,
pieces of all the classical writers from the and in Strelitz of ' "
16th century downwards. Her daughter. Hertel in all branches. He became in 1756
Victorine Louise Farrenc (1826-1859), was accompanist to Frederick the Great, his ,
also a pianist and wrote music for her in- duty being, alternately with C. P. E. Bach,
strument. Fctis, iii. 186; do., Supplement, to play the harpsichord to the king's flute.
i. 314 ; Grove ; Larousse. In 1774-76 he directed the Court Opera. In
FASCH, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born at 1792 a small choral society for which he had
Saxe-Weimar, April 15, 1688, written pieces obtained a haU in the Acad-
Buttelstiidt, ^
died at Zerbst, Anhalt, in 1758 (1759?). amy building, and became the Berlin Sing-
Dramatic comj)oser, pupil of Kuhnau at the akademie, the prototj'pe of many such insti-
Thomasschule in Leipsic (1702-7), where he tutions all over Germany. He was its first
became a good pianist, and studied compo- artistic director, and was succeeded by his
sition from the works of Telemann. In pupil Zelter. Shortly before his death he ,
1710 he accepted a call to the court of caused to be burned all his compositions ,
43
FASCIIINGSSCHWANK
written previous to the mass for 16 voices. Auber. On its production iu Paris, the
Works Vasco da Gama, opera, given in
: same year, a French text was supplied by
Vienna, 1792; Mass for 16 voices; Chorals ;
A.Delacour and Victor Wilder, in which a
Psahns Requiem Funeral cantata Can-
; ; ; woman inlays the riile of the young Russian
ons Cantatas Harpsichord pieces. Some
; ; officer of Scribe's libretto. Fatinitza was
of his manuscript music is in the Berlin given in London in 1878.
Rojal Library-. His principal works were FATTORIXI, GABRIELE, born at Fa-
2)ublished by the Singakademie in 1839. enza, Roman States, lived in the begiuuing
Zelter, K." F. C. Fasch (Berlin, 1801) ;
of the 17th centiuy. A work by him, in the
AUgem. d. Biogr., vi. 576 Fetis Mendel. ; ; Lyceo, Bologna, entitled: "I Sacri Con-
FASCHINGSSCHW.YNK AUS WIEN eerti a 2 voci col basso generale " (1608),
(Carnival Jest from Vienna), for jjianoforte, is supposed to be a reprint of his Sacri Con-
by Robert Schumann, op. 26, composed 1839. cert! a 2 voci commodi da cantare col or-
It consists of five movements, three of which gano (Venice, 1600). This is interesting
are among the brightest and most attrac- as being one of the first works of the kind
tive creations of the composer. The jjoiut ever produced, it marking the origin of the
of the jest lies iu the first movement, in new forms of religious music. His masses
which the Marseillaise, at that time inter- are iu the Royal Librai'y, Munich. Fe-
dicted in Vienna, is surrej^titiously intro- tis Gerber Mendel. ; ;
duced. External influences are easily recog- FAUBEL, JOSEF, born at Aschaffen-
nizable iu the other three movements, where burg, June 12, 1801, still living, 1889 (?).
certain moods are represented iu the firmly Virtuoso on the clarinet, attached, when only
fixed forms of the Romance, the Scherzino, ten years old, to the orchestra of the Grand

and the Finale iu rondo form. Maitland, Duke of Frankfort. In 1813, when that
60 Riemann, 72.
; State ceased to exist, he w-as enrolled in a
FASTRli, JOSEPH, born at Flushing, regiment of the city of Frankfort, and took
June 22, 1783, died at The Hague, April 13, part in the campaign against France in
1812. Instrumental and vocal composer; 1811. After his return he devoted himself
entered the service of a French regiment to a thorough study of his instrument, and
in 1803, was stationed at Flushing and at in 1816 appeared wdth great success in
Dunkirk iu 1804, went with the regiment Frankfort, and in 1818 in Munich, where he
to Germany in 180.5, and took part iu the was at once engaged as court musician for
battle of Austcrlitz returned home in 1806, the royal orchestra. There Biirmann became
;
and, having afterwards lived at Alkmaar and his great model, and his perseverance in
Middelburg (1807), settled a"t The Hague, emulating him won him much well-deserved
where he became a member of the I'oyal applause ou concert tours in North Ger-
orchestra, and i^rofessor at the Conserva- many (1825), Vienna (1831), Switzerland
toire in 1830. AYorks 12 songs for 2 (1833), Paris (1837), and Holland (1811).
:
voices 12 do. for 3 voices 6 do. for 2 so- He has composed solos, variations, duos,
; ;
pranos and contralto Compositions for flute, etc., for his instrument. Fetis
; Mendel. ;
clarinet, and jjianoforte. Fetis, Supple-

FAUCON, LE, opera-comique in one
ment, i. 316 Mendel, Ergilnz., 101 Viotta. act, text by Sedaine, music by Monsigny,
; ;
FAT.\L OATH. See Oberon. represented at the Italiens, Paris, March

FATINITZA, operetta in three acts, text 19, 1772. The subject is from Boccaccio.
by Zell and Genue, music by Franz von FAUCONIER, BENOIST CONSTANT,
Suppe, first represented in Vienna, Jan.
born at Fontainc-rEveque, April 28, 1816,
5,
1876. The libretto is an adaptation of La died at Thuiu, Feb. 16, 1877. Pianist, pu-
Circassienne, opera-comique by Scribe and pil at the Brussels Conservatou-e, under
44
FAUGUES
Miclielot and Fotis, and became accom- prize for opera-comique. He made his de-
panist at the Conservatoire in 1839. After but, Oct. 20, 1852, at the Opera Comique
making a professional tour with his wife as Pygmalion in Masse's Galatee, sang in
and Fi'Hx Godefroid, he settled in Paris London in 1860, in Berlin in 1861, and in
in 1840, but was in Rome in 18iG-1848. the same year made his first appearance at
AYorks Uu an d'avenir, opera-comique, one
: the Opera, where he soon acquired great
act, given in Brussels about 1850 La pa- ; reputation in leading roles, especially in
gode, opera-comique, two acts, text bj* Don Giovanni, L'Africaine, Thomas's Ham-
Saint-Georges, Paris, Sept. 26, 1859; let,and Gounod's Faust. He alternated
Masses, op. 88, 89, 90, 91, 117 Quartets ;
many years between Loudon and Paris, and
for violin, pianoforte, etc., with orchestral has sung also in Italy and Russia. He was
accompaniment Pianoforte music Violin ; ; for a time in 1857 professor of singing at
music Hymns, songs, etc. Fetis do.. Sup-
; ; the Paris Conservatoire and in 1874 at that
plement, i. 317 Mendel do., Ergiinz., 101.
; ; of Brussels. He is a man of wide general
FAUGUES (Fauques, Fagus, La Fage), culture and his eomj)ositions are highly
VINCENT, Flemish composer, born about creditable. Works 25 melodies for voice :
1415. He was a disciple of Guillaume Du- and pianoforte ;
fay and a writer of considerable merit. 20 melodies for CA

His masses were much used during the do. Church ;
pontificate of Nicholas VL (1417-55). music Piano- ;
Ambros gives part of his "Omme Anne," forte music. Fetis do., Supplement, i. ;
a mass preserved in MS. in the Pontifical 318 Larousse Grove, i. 571 Mendel, ; ; ;
Chapel. Fetis ; Kiesewetter, Gesch. ; Men- Ergiinz., xii. 101.

del ; Nauraann (Ouseley), i. 317. FAUSSE MAGIE, LA, opera-comique in
FAURE, GABRIEL^ French composer, two acts, in verse, text by Marmontel, mu-
contemporary. Pianist, pujjil at the Ecole sic by Gretry, rej)resented at the Comedie
de Masique Religieuse, Paris, where he won Italienne, Paris, Feb. 1, 1775. It contains
the first famous duet between two old men,
prize for jiianoforte, and a prize for a
harmony, 18G0, and one for composition in " Quoi c'est vous qu'elle prefere " which ! !
1861. Works Symphony for orchestra was long popular. La fausse magie was re-
:
;
Cantique de Racine, chorus Sonata for produced in 1828 and again in 1863. It
;
violin and pianoforte Duos for 2 female has been reinstrumented by Eugene Pre-
;
voices Vocal melodies. Fetis, Supjjle- vost.

;
ment, 320 Mendel, Ergiinz., 102.
i. : FAUST, German opera in two acts, text
FAURE, JEANBAPTISTE, born at Mou- by J. C. Bernhard, music by Spohr, first
liiis (Allier), France, represented at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in
Jan. 15, 1830, living in 1818. The
was written at Vienna, in
oiêra
Paris, 1889. Baritone 1813, for the Theater an der Wien, but for
singer and composer, some reason was not produced. The li-
pupil at the Paris Con- bretto has little resemblance to Goethe's
servatoire in 1843 in poem, the first part of which had been pub-
solfege, then at the lished in 1805, but follows more closely the
Maitrise of the Ma- popular legend. It was successful, and was
deleine under Trevaux, soon produced at Cassel, Berlin, and else-
and subsequently of where. It was given in London by a German
Ponchard and Moreau- company, at the Prince's Theatre, May 21,
Sainti at the Conservatoire. In 1852 he 1840. in 1852, Spohr went to London to
won the 1st prize for singing and the 1st adapt the work for the Italian stage. He
45
FAUST
composed for it recitatives in place of tbe Faust M. Barbot.
spoken dialogue, and made other additions Mcphistoplielus M. Balanque.
and alterations. In this new form it was Marguerite Mme Miolan-Carvalho.
produced with great success, under his own Valentin M. Ismael.
direction, at Covent Garden, July 15, 1852, Siebel JMlle Faivre.
with Castellan, Eonconi, Formes, and Tam- Marthe Mme Duclos.
berlik in the principal parts. The first mu-
The same parts were sung at the Academie,
sical-dramatic representation of the Faust
by Colin, Faure, Nilsson, Devoyod,
iu 1869,
legend seems to have been the English -pcin-
and Mauduit. This work at once placed
tomime, The Necromancer or, Harlequin ;
Gounod iu the front rank of living compos-
Dr. Faustus, bj' John Ernest GalUard, j)ro-
ers. It had even a greater success on the
duced in London, 1723. Other early ones
Continent than in Paris, and it has been per-
are Doktor Fausts Zaubergiirtel (JNIagic
:
formed on all the principal stages of the

Girdle), by Phanty, Vienna, 1790 Harle- ;
world. It was first given in London, at
quin and Faustus, Samuel Arnold, London,
Her Majesty's Theatre, June 11, 1863, and,
1793 Doktor Faust, by Ignaz Walter, Han-
;
over, 1797 Fausts Leben und Thaten (Life

;
and Acts), Josef Strauss, 1815 Fausts ;
Leben, Thaten, und Hollenfalu-t (Descent to

Hell), by Lickl, Vienna, 1815 Faust, by ;
Wenzel MiiUer, Vienna, 1818 do., by J. ;
von Seyfried, Vienna, 1820 do., by Beau- ;
coui't, Paris, 1827 do., by Angelique Ber-

;
tin, ib.,1831 do., by Liudpaintner, Stutt-

;
gart, 1832 do., ballet, by Adolph Adam,

;
Paris, 1832 do., by de Pellaert, Brussels,

;
183i do., by Eietz, Diisseldorf, 1836

; ;
Fausto, by Gordigiani, Florence, 1837 ;
Faust and Marguerite, by "Wilhelm Meyer-

Lutz, London, 1855 ; Faust, musical drama
iu four actsand prelude, by Hcini-ich Zoll-
Miolan-Carvalho. as Marguerite.
ner, given with success in Munich, Oct. 19,
1887. There have been many burlesques of in an Italian version, as Faust e Margherita,
the legend, and it has also been a prolific at Covent Garden, July 2, 1863. An Eng-
theme for a great deal of incidental music, lish version, text by Chorley, was played at
iu the form of overtures, symjjhonies, etc. Her Majesty's Theatre, Jan. 23, 1864. It
K. Engel, Bibhotheca Faustiana (Olden- was first performed in Germany at Darm-

burg, 1874) Edwards, Lyrical Drama, i. stadt, 1861, as Faust, and in Berlin, 1863, as
;
149. Margarethe. Its fii'st representation in New

FAUST, grand opera by York took place at the Academy of IMusic,
in five acts, test
jMichel Carre' and Jules Barbier, music by Nov. 25, 1863. The first act, which is in the
Charles Gounod, first represented at the nature of a prelude, introduces Faust iu his
Theatre LjTique, Paris, March 19, 1859 study with Mt'phistopheles. In act second is
;
and at the Academie Impuriale de Musique, the Kermesse, in which Marguerite is intro-
March 3, 1869. The libretto, an adapta- duced. In the third is the garden scene,
tion of Goethe's jjoem, follows the first part which leads to Marguerite's fall. In the
jjretty closely. The original cast in Paris fourth, or cathedral act, occurs the death
was as follows : of Valentin and his malediction upon his
46
;
FAUST
sister. Tlie fiftb, or prison act, includes Society, in 1S5C-7, and in Boston, by the
Marguerite's deatli in j^rison and her apo- Philharmonic Societ}', Jan. 3, 1857. Grove,
theosis. Tlie most popular of the numbers iv. 35 L
are the weird drinking song of Mophisto- FAUST, SCENEN AUS GOETHE'S
plielos, " Veau d'or ; " the phrase of the old from Goethe's Faust), for soli,
(Scenes
man at the Ivermesse, "Aux jours de di- chorus, and orchestra, by Robert Schu-
manche;"the cavatiua bj' Faust, "Salut, de- mann, comjiosed in 1844, 1847, 1849, 1850,
nieure chaste et pure " the ballad sung by 1853, published in 1858 (Breitkopf & Hiir-
;
Marguerite at the S2)inning-wheel, "II etait tel). In musical importance, as in extent,

un roi de Thule ;" the love scene, "Lais- this is to be regarded as the greatest work
sez-moi coutempler ton visage " the pas- of the composer's later years.
; It is divided
sionate duet between Faust and Marguerite, as follows Part I. No. 1. Scene im Garten :
"O unit d'amour, ciel radieux " and the sol- (Garden Scene), 1849 No. 2. Gretchen vor
; ;
diers' chorus, " Gloire immortelle de iios dem Bild der Mater dolorosa (Margaret
a'ieux." The role of Marguerite, created by before the picture of the Mater dolorosa),
Mme Carvalho,has been since worthily 1849; No. 3. Scene in Dom (Cathedral
filled by Patti, Lucca, Nilsson, and Valleria. Scene), 1849. Part 11. No. 4. Ariel, Sou-
Edwards, Lyrical Drama, i. iG, 1G.5. nenaufgang (Sunrise), 1849 No. 5. Mitter- ;
FAUST, musical portrait, for full orches- nacht (Midnight), 1850; No. G. Faust's
tra, by Anton Eubinsteiu, op. GS. Pub- Tod (Faust's Death), 1853. Part IH. No.
lished by Siegel. 7. Faust's Verkliirung (Faust's Transfigura-
FAUST, CARL, born at Neisse, Silesia, tion), subdivided into seven scenes (April,
Feb. 18, 1825, still living, 1880. Dance 1847). The third part contains the most
music composer, jjupil of Herrling at Anua- valuable numbers, and in it aU Schumann's
berg, was bandmaster in two regiments noblest qualities as a composer are seen to
from 18.53 to 18G5, when he left the mili- the best advantage. His purity of emotion,
tary service to conduct a concert-orchestra his keenness of spiritual insight, here find
at Breslau in 18G9 he was appointed city
;
their j^roper sphere. The airy, incorjDoreal
music director at Waldenburg. His com- world of spirits in which this portion takes
positions, consisting exclusively of dances place is most faithfully reproduced in the

and marches, number more than 200, and music. This third part includes the whole
are popular in North Germany, but will last scene of the second part of Goethe's
not bear comparison with those of the Vien- poem Schumann wrote two versions of the
;
nese comjiosers.
Fetis, Suiipk'ment, i. 321 concluding Chorus Mysticus, one to be used
Mendel. when the whole work was given, the other
FAUST-OUVERTURE, EINE (A Faust when the third part was performed sepa-
Overture), for orchestra, by Richard Wag- rately. Begun at the height of his maturity
ner, written in Paris, 1839-40 ; first per- (1844), various portions were finished at dif-
formed in Dresden, July 22, 1814. This ferent times, and the overture was written
work, the first in Wagner's true style, was in 1853. The first part was performed in
conceived after a rehearsal of Beethoven's Leipsic, Dresden, and Weimar, Aug. 29,
Ninth Symphony at the Conservatoire. It 1849, on the 100th anniversary of Goethe's
was intended as the first movement of a birth. The first performance of the com-
Faust symphony, but was finally laid aside plete composition took place in Leipsic, at
until 1855, when it Gewandhaus, under the direction of
was revised, given at a the
concert in Zurich, and published. It 4, 18G2. Maitland, 92,
is a Carl Reinecke, Dec.
masterpiece of instrumentation. It was Reissmann, 198 Ambros, Bunte Blatter, ;
given in New York, by the Philharmonic ii. 169 Samml. mus. Vort., i. 121. ;
FAUST
FAUST-SYMPHONIE, EINE (A Faust Convent of St. James of Compostella, is
Hyrupboiiy), iu three cbaracter-pictures, af- about to take monastic vows when he sees
ter Goethe, and a chorus, for orchestra and and loves at sight a lady worshipping in the
men's voices, by Franz Liszt, dedicated to cloisters. He confesses his love to Baltha-
Hector Beriioz. Part I. Faust; II. llar- sar, his superior, renounces monastic life,
garete III. Mephistopheles.
; Published in and goes out into the world. The lady who
score and parts also for pianoforte, two has inspired his passion is Leonore de Gus-
;
hands (Schuberth).
Tretbar, Analytical man, the favourite of Alphonse XI., King
Eeview of A Faust Symphon}'. of Castile, who has resolved, though threat-
FAUST, ZWEI EPISODEN AUS LE- ened with excommunication, to repudiate
NAU'S (Two Episodes from Lenau's Faust,
i.e., Nikolaus Lenau's drama of that title),
for orchestra, by Fi-anz Liszt. I. Der

nachtliche Zug ; II. Der Tanz in der Dorf-
schenke (Mephisto-Walzer). Published in
score and parts ; also for pianoforte, two

and four hands (Schuberth).
FAUVEL, ANDEfi JOSEPH, surnamed
the elder, born in Bordeaux iu 1756. Vio-
linist, studied under several masters, par-
ticularly Gervais. He had Rode for a i)upil

iu 1782,and went with him, in 1787, to Paris,
where he was a member of the orchestra
of the Opera in 1814-34. Published violin
music and a Symphouie Concertaute which
was played at the Lycee des Arts iu 1800.
Fetis.'
FAVAEGER, REXfi, born iu France
about 1815, died at l5tretat, near Havre,
Aug. 3, 18G8. Pianist, lived for many years
in London, where he was in great demand
as a teacher. He composed many morceaux
de genre, some of which became popular
I #-^ M
,.

even outside of France. Fetis, Suppk'meut,
i. 321.
FAVORITE, LA, grand opera in four Rosine Stolz, as L6onore.
acts, text by Alphonse Royer and Gustave
Wai'Z (Van Niewenhuysen), music by Doni- his queen anil marry her. Fernand, who
zetti, represented at the Academic Royale does not know her relations with the king,
de Musique, Paris, Dec. 2, 1840. The work seeks her retreat, declares his love, and begs
was written originally in three acts, under her to fly with him. She reciprocates his
the title of L'ange de Nisida, Tlu'utre de la passion but refuses to follow him, and urges
Renaissance, and on the closing of that the- him to go to the wars and win honours for
atre was transferred to the Academie, where her sake. He performs signal services
a fourth act was added with the collabora- against the Moors, and returns to demand
tion of S(!ribe. The subject is an adajstation as a recompense the hand of Li'onore. The
of Baculard-Darnaud's tragedy, Le comte king, who has discovered that his mistress
de Commiuges. Fernand, a novice in the loves Fernand, gives her to him, and hast-
48
\r
;
FAWCETT
ens the marriage, meanwhile intercepting organist of Curzou Chapel in 1845-46. Mus.
a message sent to Fernaud by Lt'ouore to Bac, Oxford, 1852. Works Supplication :
inform him of her relations with the king, and Thanksgiving, cantata (degree exercise)
and begging his forgiveness. Fernaud dis- Anthems Glees Songs, etc. Grove. ; ;
covers his dishonour when too late, breaks FAY, ETIENNE, born at Tours (ludre-
his sword, and returns for consolation to et-Loire) iu 1770, died at Versailles, Dec.
his convent. Leonora follows him thither, 6, 1845. Dramatic singer and composer,
and dies at his feet as he comes from the made his musical studies while a chorister
church where he has pronounced eternal in the MetroiJolitau Church of his native
vows. The music of La Favorite is dramatic, city. He made debut as a tenor at the
his
passionate, and full of melody. Among the Theatre de la rue de Louvois, Paris, in
best numbers are the cavatina, " Uu ange, 1790, entered up)on an engagement at the
une femme iuconnue " the duo, " Idole si
; Theatre Favart iu 1792, aud at the Feydeau
douce et si chere ;
" the aria, " O mou Fer- about 1795 upon the fusion of these two
;
naud " (Ital., O mio

Fernando) the chorus, ; enterprises into the Opera Comique, in 1801,
" Freres, creusons I'asile " and the romanza,
;
he went to Brussels, came back to Paris in
"Ange si pur" (Spirto gentil), the last trans- 1804, to bring out an opera, and again, in
ferred from Donizetti's opera, Le Due 1819, to sing at the Of)era Comique, having
d'Albe. lu the original cast Mme Stolz meanwhile travelled and sung for a long
sustained the part of Lconore Duprez, Fer- ; time iu the provinces. In 1820 he went to
naud Baroilhet, Alphouse and Levasseur,
; ; Holland, aud the year after was engaged
Balthasar. Up to 1876 it had had 481 rep- at the Theatre du Gymnase in Paris, but
resentations in Paris. The opera was pro- soon returned to Belgium, and lived there
duced in Italian, as La Favorita, in London, until 1856, when he finally settled iu Paris.
at Her Majesty's Theatre, Feb. IG, 18i7.
Works Ojoeras Flora, given at the The-
:
Larousse, viii. 1G7 ; Liszt, Ges. Schr., iii. atre Louvois, 1791 Le projet extravagant,
;
110. Le bon pere, ib., 1793 L'interieur d'un me-

;
FAWCETT, JOHN, born at Bolton-le- nage rejiublicaiu, vaudeville, Theatre Favart,

Moors, Lancashire, in 1789, died there, Oct. 1794 Les rendez-vous espaguols, ib., 1795
;
;
26, 1SG7. Originally a shoemaker, he be- Emma, ou le soupjon, Clementine, ou la

came a musician iu his native town, and belle-mere. Theatre Feydeau, 1795 La ;
composed three sets of psalm and hymn famille savoyarde, ib., 1800 La bonne ;
tunes, popular iu Lancashire, entitled, The aventure. Theatre des Jeunes Eleves, 1802 ;
Voice of Harmony, The Harp of Zion, and Julie, Opera Comique, 1804. Fetis do., ;
Miriam's Timbrel. He also arranged the Supplement, i. 321.

accompaniment of a collection of psalm and FAYRFAX (Fairfax), ROBERT, born at
hymn tunes, selected by Jose^jh Hart, called Bayford, Herts, in the latter jxart of the
" Melodia divina "(1810), and wrote an ora- 15th century, died at St. Alban's. He is
torio, Paradise, which was published in supposed to have been organist, or chanter,
1853. Grove Fetis Mendel.
; ; at St. Alban's Abbey, early in the 16th cen-
FAWCETT, JOHN, boru iu Bolton-le- tury. In 1504 he was given the degree of
Moors iu 1824, died in Manchester, July 1, Mus. Doc. at Cambridge, and iu 1511 at
1857. Organist, son and pupil of the pre- Oxford. In the British Museum is a vol-
ceding. He became organist of St. John's, ume of part-songs for two, three, and four
Farnworth, in 1835, and of the parish voices, in MS.,once belonging to Dr. Fayr-
church, Bolton, in 1842. In 1845 he en- fax,which contains some of his own among
tered the Academy of Music, London, other compositions, and which is probably
studied under Sterudale Bennett, and was \
the oldest collection of English secular part-
49
;
FAZZKI
songs in existence. Four tbree-part songs Paisiello, and Sarti, but was incited, partic-
by him are preserved in Smitli's "Musica ularly by Haydn's symphonies, to the serious
Antiqua," and others in Burney and Haw- study of composition, and went to Italy in
kins. Several of his sacred compositions 1785 to become a pupil of Francesco Bian-
are in MS. in the Music School, Oxford. chi. After another sojourn in London, 1792
Grove ; Naumann (Ouseley), i. 668 Am- -1802, he returned to Italy, and in 1809 was
;
bros, iii. Hi ; Fetis. appointed professor of counterpoint at the

FAZZINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born newly erected Conservatorio, and in 1826
in Eome. Singer in the Pontifical Chapel in succeeded IMinoja as its censore (director).
1760. A distinguished
composer in the old In 1812 he visited Paris to bring out an
Roman he was successively maestro opera. Works Operas Olimpiade, Turin,
style, :
di cappella of Sta. Cecilia, of Sta. Margarita, 1790 Demofoonte, Zenobia, London, about;
and of Sta. ApoUonia in Trastevere. His 1792 Nitteti, ib., about 1793 Didone ab- ; ;

masses were in the Sautini collection. Fe- bandonata, ib., about 179-4 Castore e Pol- ;
tis Mendel.
; luce, II giudizio di Numa, Milan, 1803 ;
FEBURE. See Lefibure. Oreste in Tauride, ib., 1804 La Sofonisba, ;
FEDE EICONOSCIUTA, LA, Italian Turin, 180.5 Idoraeneo, Zaira, Milan, 1806 ; ;
opera, text and music by Benedetto Mar- La couquista dell' Indie, Turin, 1808 Ifi- ;
cello, represented at Vicenza, 1702 and genia in Aulide, Milan, 1809 Virginia, ;
1729. Eome, 1809 La locandiera scaltra, Paris, ;
FEDELE. See Treu. 1812. Teseo, cantata Other cantatas ;
FEDELI, RUGGIERO, born in Italy about Sonatas for pianoforte, and other instru-
1670, died in Cassel in 1722. He was Ka- mental pieces. Fetis Mendel Schilling ; ;
;
pellmeister of the Landgrave of Hesse-Cas- Wurzbach.

sel in 1700, and was afterwards in the service FEEN, DIE (The Fairies), romantic
of the Iving of Prussia. He wi-ote operas, opera in three acts, text and music by
even the titles of which are forgotten. His Richard Wagner, written in 1833, first rep-
funeral mass for the death of the queen resented at Munich, June 29, 1888. The
was considei'ed his best work (Berhn, 1755). overture alone was played at Magdeburg in
Fetis Mendel. ; 1834. The original score, dedicated to liis
FEDERICI, FRANCESCO,
born in patron, King Ludwig H. of Bavaria, was
Rome, lived there in the second half of found among that monarch's effects after his
the 17th century. Priest and composer. death. The libretto is a German version of
Works Santa Christina, oratorio (1676) an Italian tale by Gozzi, which deals with
: ;
Santa Catarina di Siena, oratorio (1676). the difficulties attending the love of Ai'indal,
Burney gives airs from one of these. He a mythical jsrince, and Ada, a fairy. Mus.

published also songs. Fetis Burney, Hist., Wochenblatt (1887), 325, 337
; Athena"um ;
iv. 117 ; Mendel. (1888), ii. 41.

FEDERICI, VINCENZO, born at Pesaro FELDLAGER IN SCHLESIEN, DAS
in 1764, died in Milan, Sept. 26, 1826. (The Camp of Silesia),German opera in
Dramatic composer, pupil of Angelo Gadani three acts, text by Rellstab, music by
at Bologna at the age of sixteen he went
; Meyerbeer, represented in Berlin at the
to England, and thence to America re- ; opening of the new opera-house, Dec. 7,
turned to London, where he taught music, 1844 (the old one was burned, Aug. 18,
and derived inspiration from the works of 1843). In this opera, the subject of which
Handel and the old Italian composers. En- is an episode in the life of Frederick the
gaged as pianist at the Italian opera, he be- Great, Jenny Lind made a wonderful success
came familiar with the works of Cimarosa, in the character of Vielka, which was writ-
60
:
FELICI
ten especially for her. Mosclieles, writing Prague with his patron Philippe Domi-
(Jan. 10, 1845) of her performance, says nique de Cro}', and jJublished masses there
" Jenny Lind Las fairly enchanted me she (1588). ; He published also motets, mad-
isunique in her way, and her song with two rigals, etc. Fetis Mendel Walther, 212 ; ; ;
concertante flutes is perhaps the most in- Viotta, i. 505.

credible feat in the way of bravura singing FELIX, ou I'enfant trouve (The Found-
that can possibly be heard." She achieved ling), comedy in three acts, text by Sedaine,
music by Monsigny, represented at the
Nov. 24, 1777, after a private
Italiens, Paris,
performance (Nov. 10th) before the court
at Fontainebleau. Although Monsigny was
but forty-eight years old, this was his last
work. He said, on the day when he finished
this score, that music was dead for him.
The subject of the opera, Felix, a found-
ling brought up by an honest villager, loves
Therese, the daughter of his foster-father,
but from his house on account of the
flies
hatred of his son. He saves the life of an

unknown seigneur, who turns out to be his
father and the owner of a considerable sum
of money in the hands of the villager. The
money is restored, Felix marries Thuruse,
and all ends happily.
FELL, ANTONIO, died at Palermo in
1867. Dramatic composer, pupil of Eai-
Jenny Lind.
mondi composed several operas, among
;
a more extraordinary success in Vienna, which are especially commended Eufemia,

still :
where she appeared in the same role, Feb. and La sposa d' Abido also several masses ;
17, 1817, as much as eighty florins being and many other works of various kinds.
paid for seats. The ojêra has never been
Futis, Supplement, i. 322.
given out of Germany, but the composer FELL RAGE AND BLACK DESPAIR,
transferred many of its best numbers to soj^rano air in A major, of Michal, in Han-
h'^toile du Nord. del's Saul, Part I
FELICI, BARTOLOMEO (Alessandro ?), FELTON, WILLIAM, born in 1713, died
born in Florence about 1730, died ('?). Dec. 6, 1769. Organist, vicar-choral of
Dramatic composer. His operas, L' amante Hereford Cathedral in the middle of the
contrastato, 1768 L' amore soldato, 1769
; ;
18th century. He was an able performer
and La cameriera astuta, 1769, were per- alsoon the harpsichord. Works 3 sets of :
formed in many of the Italian theatres. He concertos for organ in imitation of those
wrote quartets for the violin, and psalms of Handel also 2 or 3 sets of lessons for
;
with orchestral accompaniment. His school organ. Felton's Gavot was long popular,
of composition, opened in Florence in 1770, and his Funeral Chant is still much sung.

was celebrated. Fetis do.. Supplement, i.
; Grove Fetis Burney, History, iv. 664.
; ;
322 Mendel.
; FELTRE, ALPHONSE CLARKE, Comte
FELIS, STEFFANO, born at Bari, Italy, DE, born June 27, 1806, died there,
in Paris,
about 1550, composer, canon, and maestro Dec. 3, Dramatic composer, pupil of
1850.
of the cathedral in 1583. He went to Reicha in 1825 and advised by Boieldieu.
;
FEMME
He was the third son of the Mart-chal due trios ; 3 do. of airs varies (published in
de Feltre, and served as an oiScer in the Paris and Germany). His brother Giu-
army until 1829, when he devoted himself seppe was considered the best violoncellist
entirely to composition. Works Operas : in Naples, made concert tours in Italj', and
Une aventure de Saiut-Fois (1830) La ; composed concertos and airs varies for his
garde de nuit, given at the Princesse de instrument. Fetis ; IMendel ; Schilling.
Vaudemont's, 1831 (rewritten in part, 1844, in Naples FEO, FRANCESCO, born
and called Le capitaine Albert) Le fils du about the end of the 17th century. Dra-
;
prince, Opt'ra Comique, 1834 L' incendio matic composer, jDupil of Domeiiico Gizzi
;
di Babilouia(1841) Valorie (unfinished) Li- in singing and composition, and in Rome

; ;
strumental and vocal music.

Fetis Mendel. of Pitoni in counterpoint. He succeeded
;
FEJniE SENSIBLE, ENTENDSTU Gizzi in 1740 as director of the singing

LE R.\jMAGE ? See Ariodanl. school of Naples, and had many famous pu-
F]MY, FRANCOIS, known as Femy pils. Gluck is said to have taken the motif
I'ainc', bom in Ghent, Oct. 4, 1790. Vio- of a chorus in his Telemaceo from a Kyrie
linist and dramatic composer, pupil of by Feo, which he afterwards reproduced in
Kreutzer at the Paris Conservatoire, where his lijhigenie en Aulide. Some of Fee's
he took the prize for harmony in 1806 and church music in SIS. is jjreserved in the li-
for violin in 1807. For several years he brary of the Conservatoire, Paris. Works
was a member of the orchestra of the The- Operas L' amor tirannico, ossia Zenobia, :
atre des Variett's, then travelled in France three acts, given in Naples, Jan. 18, 1713 ;
and Germany, and in 1834 settled at Rot- Siface, re di Numidia, three acts, ib., 1728 ;
terdam. Works Les trois Hussards, comic Ipermestra, Rome, 1725

: Arianna, ib., ;
ofiera, given at Antwerp, 1813 Der Rau- 1728 Andromacca, ib., 1730 Ai\sace, ib.,
; ; ;
graf, German opera, Frankfort, 1827 4 1731. Three intermezzi Don Chisciotte ; :
symphonies 3 concertos for violin and or- della Maucia Coriando lo sjjeziale II ve-
; ; ;
chestra ;
Quartets, duos, romances, varia- dovo. An oratorio : La distruzione dell'
tions, etc., for violin. Fetis ; morte de Sisera,

do., Sui:)pl(''- esercito de' Cananei con la
ment, i. 323 Mendel Schilling. ; given in Prague, 1739. A requiem Masses
; ; ;
FENAROLI, FEDELE, born at Lanci- Psalms Litanies, etc. Fetis, iii. 200 ; ;
ano, Abruzzi, in 1752, died in Naples, Jan. do.. Supplement, i. 323 Mendel, iii. 489 ;
1, 1818. Contrapuntist, ^nipil of Durante do., Ergiinz., 102 SchiUiug Gerbei*. ; ;
at the Conservatorio of Loreto, Naples. He FERAMORS, lyric opera, in three acts,

became maestro of the Conservatorio de' text by Julius Rodeuberg, music by Anton
Turchini, and had many celebrated pupils. Rubinstein, given in Dresden, 18G3. Sub-
Works 12 motets 4 masses with orches- ject from Thomas Moore's "Lalla Rookh."
: ;
tra ;a Requiem mass 2 Miserere for four Feramors is the young poet who entertains
;
voices Ave Maria for four voices Hymns Lalla Rookh with poetical recitations while
; ;
and psalms for special occasions. He pub- on her journey from Delhi, to be married to
lished studies in counterpoint and techni- the sultan. She falls in love with the poet
cal works.
Fetis Larousse IMendel. ; and finds, to her joy, on her wedding-morn,
;
FENZI, MOTOR, born at Naples, died that the jjoet and the sultan are one. The
at Moscow, April, 1827. Violoncellist, and opera was given in Vienna, April 24, 1872.
composer for his instrument went in 1807 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 325.
;
to Paris, where he played at several con- in Ven- FERANDINI, GIOVANNI, born
cei'ts, and after visiting Germany
beginning of the 18th century, died in
settled in ice,
Russia. Works 4 concertos for violon- Munich in 1793. Dramatic composer, pu-
:
cello Several pot-pourris ; 2 books of pil of Antonio Bitfi, maestro di cappella of

;
FERNAND
San Marco. He went to Muuicli as court published by Hofmeister of Leipsic. The
oboist, and became director of chamber mu- full score was published in Paris in 1882.
sic, and subsequently councillor and Ka- Cortez was produced in Stockholm in 1826
pellmeister.
Works Operas: Berenice, and again in 1838 in Vienna, 1854 and
; ;
given at the Court Theatre iu Munich, 1780 ;

in NewYork, iu German, at the Metropol-
Adriano in Siria, Demofoonte, ib., 1737 ;
itan Opera House, Jan. 6, 1888. The plot,
Artaserse, ib., 1739 Catone in Utica, ib.,
; in its present form, is as follows : Alvarez,
1753; Diana placata, ib., 1758; Talestri, brother of and other Spaniards,
Cortez,
ib. ;II festiuo, Parma, 175G Componi- ; prisoners to the Mexicans and about to be
nieuto drammatico per 1' iucorouazione di Ca- sacrificed, are preserved by Montezuma as
rolo VII, etc., Munich, 1742. Many canta- hostages for the departure of the invaders.
tas, thirty of which are iu the Royal Library Amazily, sister of Tclasco, the Mexican
at Dresden Sonatas for the flute (Amstei'-
; commander, has become a Christian and
dam, 1730) Comijositions for alto-viol and
;
lute. Ft'tis ; Mendel ; Schilling.

FERNAND CORTEZ, ou la conquC-te du
Mexiquo (The Conquest of Mexico), opera
in three acts, text by Etienne Jou}', after
Piron's drama, music by Spontini, repre-
sented at the Academie Imperiale de j\Iu-
sique, Paris, Nov. 28, 1809, before the Em-
peror Napoleon and the Kings of Saxony
and "Westphalia. The original text was
written by Jouy. Napoleon hoping to in-
fluence public opinion in favour of his
plans for the Sjiauish war, the Minister of
the Interior desired Jouy to introduce into
the libretto more distinct allusions to the
topics of the day. Jouy declining to alter
the text, a few additions and alterations
were made by Esmenard, the part of Monte- Alexandrine Branchu.
zuma being suppressed altogether. Though
the opera was a success, it had but twenty- fled to Cortez, whom she loves, but revisits
four representations in seven years. On the city to endeavour to bring about peace.
May was revived, with consider- Montezuma sends her back to the Spanish
28, 1817, it
able changes by Jouy, the third act be- camp to arrange an armistice, and Telasco,
coming the first, the first act the second, who has been undermining the fidelity of
and a part of the second the third. The Cortez's soldiers by presents, follows her
part of Montezuma was reinstated and the under a flag of truce to second her efibrts.
character of Amazily strengthened. In its Cortez quells an insurrection which breaks
second form Cortez achieved a new success. out, and holds Telasco as a hostage for the
It kept the Paris stage up to 1839, when safety of Alvarez and his companions ; but,
248 representations had been given. It the release of the Spaniards being promised
was produced in Berlin, April 20, 1818, and by the Mexicans, he suffers Tulasco to re-
elsewhere soon after. In 1823, when Spon- turn. Telasco opposes the keeiaing of faith
tini was Kajjellmeister at Berlin, the third with Cortez, and the prisoners are about to
act was remodelled by the jsoet Thi'auleon, meet their doom, when Amazily swims the
and in this form the pianoforte score was lake and offers her life for them. But the
S3
FERNANDO
sacrifice is Lessons for 1, 2, and 3
unnecessary, for Cortez storms (London, 1G09) ;
the city, saves all, and peace (London, 1609)

is made. Fancies for viols, viols ;
etc. A song by him, " Shall I seek to ease

Oeigujal Cast at the Opera, Paris, 1809.
my grief ?," from the " Ayres," is published
Amazily (S.) Mme Braucbu. by Dr. Rimbault (Novello). Fc'tis Grove. ;
Fernand Cortez (T.) M. Laino. "

FERRABOSCO (Ferrabosehi), DOMENI-
Telasco (Bar.) M. Lais. CO :M.YRIA, born in Rome, first half of the
Alvar (T.) M. Laforet. 16th century. He was maestro of the chor-
Le Grand Pretre (B.) M. Derivis. isters in the Vatican Chapel from 1547 to
1548, when he became maestro di cappella
c.ast at the metropolitan opera house,
of S. Petronio, Bologna. Called to Rome to
New York, 1888.
become a member of the Pontifical Choir, in
Amazily (S.) Frl. Meisslinger.
1550, he was obliged to resign in 155G, in
Feruaud Cortez (T.) Herr Niemann.
accordance with the Pope's decree that none
Montezuma (Bar.) Herr Elmblad.
but priests could belong to the college, he
Tulasco (Bar.) Herr Robinson.
having meanwhile married. His motets are
Alvarez (T.) Herr Alvary.
published in Gardane's collection (Venice,
High Priest (B.) Herr Fischer.
1554). His celebrated chanson, lo mi son
Le Monestrel (1874), Sept. G, 13, 20, 27, giovinetta, is in Vincenzo Galilei's Fronimo,
Oct. i 11. Eocliette, Notice liistorique
; and in Eler's collection in the Conservatoii-e,
. . .
de Spontiui (Paris, 1852) Grove, iii. G68 Paris. His MSS. are preserved in the Vati-
; ;
Krehbiel, Review (1887-88) N. Y. Evening can Library.

; Futis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
Post, Jan. 7, 1888. FERR.\i30SC0, JOHN,

English com-
FERNANDO, German operetta in one poser of the 17th century, died in 1682.
act, text by Albert Stadler, music by Franz Probably a son of Alfonso Ferrabosco the
Schubert, written in Vienna, 1815, but nev- younger. He was organist of Ely Cathedral
er represented. It was composed in six from 1G62 until his decease, and was
days. The original score is in the posses- awarded the degree of JIus. Bac. at Cam-
sion of Dr. Eduard Schneider, Vienna. bridge in 1671, per literas regias. A hymn
FERR.\BOSCO (Ferabosco), ALFONSO, of his is still sung at Canterbury and in
Italian musician, settled in England in the other English cathedrals. Eight comjjlete
middle of the 16th century. He composed services and eleven anthems by him are pre-
motets, madrigals, and pieces for the virgin- served iu MS. in Ely Cathedral. Grove ;
als, and ranked as one of the first musicians Fc'tis Mendel. ;
of the Elizabethan era. His Madrigali a 4 FERRADINI (Ferrandini), ANTONIO,

voci were published iu Venice in 1542, and born Prague in
in Naples in 1718, died in
his Madrigali a 5 voci in 1587. Many of 1779.Church composer, studied in Naples,
his madrigals were printed in the two lived in Prague about thirty years, and died
books of Musica Transaljnua (1588, 1597) ;
in great poverty and unknb wn. A Stabat Ma-
and several are extant in MS. Fctis ;
ter, performed there after his death, 1780,
Grove ; Mendel ; Schilling. was considered a masterjjiece. In the court
FERRABOSCO, ALFONSO, born at library at Vienna is a Credo in four parts,
Greenwich, England, about 1580, died in and in the royal library at Dresden are five
1652. Sou of the preceding one of the ; arias and four duets, of his composition.
grooms of the privy chamber of James I. Fetis Gerber Mendel Schilling.
; ; ;
and instructor in music of Prince Henry. FERRANTI, ]\IARCO AURELIO Z.\-

Works Volume of " Ayres," which contains
: NI DE, born in Bologna in 1802. Virtuoso
many of the songs in Ben Jonson's plays on the guitar pupil on the violin of Gerli
;
64
;
FERRARI
in Lucca, and became an accomplished the violoncello, acquired great reputation
player when only sixteen, but soon aban- where he appeared with
in 1758, in Paris,
doned that instrument for the guitar, on brilliant success in the Concerts Spirituels ;
which he became equallj' skilful. In 1820 in 1765 he entered the service of the court
he went to St. Petersburg as secretary to of Parma. He composed solos for his in-
Prince Narischkin, and perfected there his strument. Mendel.
guitar playing, and in 1824 went to Ham- FERRARI, CARLOTTA, born at Lodi,
burg. He gave concerts there, and in Brus- Italy, Jan. 27, 1837, still Hviug, 1889. Dra-
sels, Paris, and London from 1825 to 1832, matic composer, pupil of Strepponi and
visited America with Sivori, and finally set- Panziui and at the Conservatorio, Milan, ;
tling in Brussels as professor of Italian at in 1844-50, of Mazzucato in comijosition.

the Conservatoire from 181G to 1855 he She is a poet as well as musician, and writes
;
returned afterwards to Italy. He has pub- her own librettos. Works Ugo, opera, :
lished fantaisies, airs varies, etc., for the gui- represented in Milan, July 24, 1857 Sofia, ;
tar.Fctis, iii. 240 ; Mendel,

opera in three acts, Lodi, Milan, Turin,
iii. 495.
FEERAEI, BENEDETTO, born at Reg- 1866 Eleonora d' Ai-borea, opera, Cagliari, ;
gio, Italy, 1597, died at Modena, Oct. 22, Jlarch, 1871 Grand mass for Cathedral of ;
1681. Dramatic composer, called Delia Lodi, 1868 Requiem for anniversary of ;
Tiorba, from his skiU on the theorbo or death of Charles Albert, Turin Cathedral,
lute ; He was a poet as 1868 Songs, etc.
studied in Rome. ; Fetis, Sujaj^lement, i.
and his opera Andro- 325 Mendel, iii. 496

well as a musician, ; ; do., Ergiiuz., xii. 102 ;
meda, music by Manelli da Tivoli, repre- Riemann.

sented at the Teatro S. Cassiano, Venice, in FERRARI, DOMENICO, bornatPiacenza
1637, was theperformed in public in
first in the early part of the 18th century, died
that city. It was largely owing to him that in Paris in 1780. Violinist, jiupil of Tartini ;
the dramma musicale took such deep root after living several years in Cremona, he
in Italy and in Germany. In 1639 was pro- began to travel in 1749, and met with much
duced his Armida, of which he wrote both success in Vienna, where he was considered
text and music. In 1644 he left Venice for In 1754 he
the greatest living violinist.
Vienna at the invitation of the Emperor and was afterwards a mem-
visited Paris,
Ferdinand. In 1653-62 he was maestro di ber of the band of the Duke of Wiirtem-
cappella to Alfonso I., Duke of Modena, berg in Stuttgart. He is said to have been
and in 1674-81 to his successor, Alfonso H. murdered on a second visit to Paris.
Works Armida, given at Venice, Teatro
: Works 6 violin sonatas (London, Paris, :
SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1639 II pastor re- 1758). His brother. Carlo Ferrari (1730-
;
gio, ib., S. Mose, 1640 La ninfa avara, ib., 1789), was a noted violoncellist at Parma.
;
1641 Proserpina rapita, intermezzo, ib.,

; Fetis
Grove Buruey, Hist., iii. 562, ; ;
1641 H principe giardiniero, ib., SS. Gio- 573 Mendel.

; ;
vanni e Paolo, 1644 Vittoria d' Himeneo, ; FERRARI, GIACOMO GOTIFREDO,

ballet, Modena, 1648 Dafne in alloro, do., born at Roveredo, Tyrol, in 1759, died in
;
Vienna, 1651 L' ingauno d' amore, Ratis- London, December, 1842.
; Dramatic com-
bon, 1653 Amori d' Alessandro Magno e di lôser, pupil at Verona of the Abbate Cubri,
;
Rossaue, Venice, 1656 Licasta, Parma, 1664 Marcola, and Borsaro subsequently learned
; ;
Garadegli elementi, Ferrara, 1666 Musiche the flute, violin, oboe, and double-bass at
;
varie a voce sola, collection of songs (Venice, Roveredo, theory under Pater Marianus
1638).
Fctis Mendel Riemann Schilling. Stecher, at the Convent of Mariaberg, near
; ; ;
FERRARI, CARLO, born at Piaceuza in Chur, and later studied two years under La-
1730, died at Parma in 1789. Virtuoso on tilla at Naples. In 1791 he became accom-
;
;
FERRAEI
paiiist at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris. After monk, and organist of his monastery at Ca-
I
the breaking out of the Eevohition he \Yeut tania. Works : Sacnic cantiones, collection
to Brussels, and finally settled in London as of 32 motets for 14 voices (Rome, 1617) ;
a singing teacher. Works Operas

Les Ghirlauda di sacri fiori (Palermo, 1623).
:
evenements imprevus, Paris, about 1794 Fetis; Mendel.

La villanella rapita, London, 1797 I dui FERRER, MATEO, known as Matenet,;
Suizzeri, ib., 1798 L' eroiua di Eaab, ib., born at Barcelona, Feb. 25, 1788, died
;
1799. Ballets Borea e Zeffiro La daina there, Jan. 4, 1864.

: ;
Organist of great re-
di sjsirito. Sonatas Concertos for various nown, pupil of Fi-ancisco Queralt having
; ;
instruments Six English canzonets Solos studied several instruments from his earli-
; ;
Songs. He published, also " Studio di est youth, he became organist of the cathe-
:
musica pratica e teorica " " .i\jieddoti," dral at Barcelona when quite young, and
;
etc. (London, 1830) and other treatises. soon after assumed also the functions of
;
Grove Fetis Mendel.

; ; maestro de capilla. At the same time he
FEEPtARI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born played in the orchestra of the Teatro de
in Venice, died there young, Aug. li, 1845. Santa Cruz, and in 1827 was appointed its
'
Dramatic composei'. Works Maria d' In- conductor. By one of his biographers he
:
ghilterra, given at La Scala, Milan, 1840 is jjraised as one of the greatest contraiûnt- ;
Saffo, Venice, Teatro Fenice, 1841 Candi- ists of the century. Fetis, Supplement, i.
;
j

ano IV'., Florence and Milan, 1842 Gli 326. ;
ultimi giorne di Suli, Venice, 1843. Fetis

FERRETTI, GIOVANNI, born iu Venice
Mendel. about 1540, died ('?). He was a jjrolific
FERR.ARI, SERAFINO DE', born in composer of madrigals and of canzoni alia
Genoa March 31, 1885. napolitana, which, says Fetis, are full of
in 1824, died there,
Pianist, organist, and dramatic composer originahty and worthy of more repute. ;
jjupil of Bevilacqua, Scrra, and Sciorati in Works 5 books of five-part canzoni (Ven- :
Genoa, and later of Mandanici in I\Iilan. ice, 1567-91) 2 books of six-part canzoni ;
Engaged as maestro concertatore in Am- (ib., 1576-86) 1 book of five-part madri- ;
sterdam, he wrote the music of au opera, gals (ib., 1588). His madrigal, Siat' avvertiti, I
Catilina, which has never been produced. for five voices, is in Webb's madrigals. Fe-
On his return to Italy he became director tis Grove Mendel. ; ;
of singing in several of the theatres, and FERROUD, J. DENIS, born in France

produced an opera, Don Carlo, at the Carlo- about 1810, still living, 1889 (?). Pupil at [
Felice Theatre, Genoa, in 1853 he rewrote the Conservatoire, Paris, of Reieha and Fe-
;
this opera later, and produced it as Filippo tis in 1846 he was settled at Bordeaux, as ;
n., but it was not so successful as at first. professor of harmony and composition, and
Works Pipele, opera bufifa H matrimonio left that city in 1856, since when nothing
: ;
per concorso, do., Venice, 1858 II menes- has been heard of him. ; Works L'Ecos- :
trello, do., Genoa, Teatro Paganiui, 18G1 H sais, comic opera Several ballets Clovis, ; ; ;
cadetto di Guascogna, do., Teatro Carlo- ode symphony, Bordeaux, Grand Theatre,
ib.,
Felice, 1864 ; Several masses Some songs, 1853 Jerusalem, ode-symphony Cantata
; ; ; ;
among which are. La croce della Mamma,

chorus Le Stabat Mater ; Le papillon, ;
and a mazurka, Fiori d' Aprile Delia, retour aux montagnes, do.; Choruses for the
;
ballet, abovit the same time.

Fi'tis, Supple- synagogue of Bordeaux. Fetis, Sujjple-
ment, i. 246 Mendel, Ergiinz., 79.
; ment, i. 327.
FERRARO, Padre ANTONIO, born at FESCA, ALEXANDER ERNST, born at
Polizzi, Sicily, in the second half of the Carisruhe, May 22, 1820, died at Bruns-
16th century. Church composer, Carmelite wick, Feb. 22, 1849. Dramatic comjjoser
S6
; ;
FESCA
and son of Friedricli Ernst Fesca the merit of his compositions while they
pianist, ;
pupil of the pianoforte, then at show no peculiarly original style, they are
Marx on
Brunswick of Kapellmeister Wiedebein in evidently the work of an earnest student of
theory, and from 1834 in Berlin of Rungen- classic models and of a master of technique.
hagen, August Wilhelm Bach, and Johann Works Cantemira, opera, 1819 Omar und : ;
Julius Schneider in harmony and composi- Leila, romantic opera in three acts, Carlsruhe,
tion, and of Taubert on the pianoforte. He 1823 20 quartets 5 quintets 3 symphonies ; ; ;
returned to Carlsruhe in 1838, made con- 4 overtures ; 4 violin pot-pourris ; Vater Un-
cert tours through Germany, Austria, and ser for soli, chorus, and orchestra ; and sev-
Hungary in 1839-40, was made chamber psalms and songs. A complete edition
eral
virtuoso to Prince Furstenberg in 1841, andof his 25 quartets and quintets has been
settled at Brunswick in 1842. His songs published in Paris (Rimbault). Allgem. d.
were, and still are, popular in Germany. Biogr., vi. 722 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxviii. ;

Works Operas Marietta, given at Carls- 545, 701 xxxii. 215 xxxix. Ill vii.-xlvii.;
: ; ; ;
ruhe, 1839 Die Franzosen in Spanieu, ib., Fetis Mendel Rochlitz, Fiir Freunde der
; ; ;
1841 Der;
Troubadour, Brunswick, 1847 Tonkunst, iii. 73 Schilling Weech, Ba-
;
; ;
Ulrich von Hutteu, five acts, Brunswick, dische Biogr., i. 240.

1849 ; 2 septets for pianoforte and string FESCH. See Defesch.
instraments, op. 2 and 28 ; Sextet for do., FESSY, ALEXANDRE CHARLES, born
op. 8 ; 6 trios for do. ; 3 quartets for strings ;
Nov. 30,
in Paris, Oct. 18, 1804, died there,
Duos for iîanoforte and viohn Grand so- 1856. Pianist and organist,
;
pupil in 1813
nata for do., op. 40 Fantasias, rondos, at the Conservatoire

; studied the organ ;
etc., for pianoforte Songs (collection of under Benoist, taking 1st prize in 1834.
;
48, Brunswick, Litolff, 1872). Allgem. d. He was organist of I'Assomption, Paris, and
Biogr., vi. 722 Fetis Ledebur, Ton- chef-d'orchestre successively of the concerts
; ;
kunstler Lexikon Berlins, 151 Mendel of the rue Vivienue, of the Theatre Lyrique,
; ;
Weech, Badische Biogr., i. 243. and of the Theatre du Cirque. Works Or- :
FESCA, FRIEDRICH ERNST, born at gan music Pianoforte music and L'Or- ; ;
Magdeburg, Feb. 15, ganiste fran9ais. Fetis Mendel. ;
1789, died at Carls- FESTA, COSTANZO, born, probably in

ruhe, May 24, 1826. Rome, near the close of the 15th century,
Violinist, pujiil in died there, April 10, 1545. He was elected
Magdeburg of Lohse a member of the Pontifical Choir in 1517,
on the violin, and of and afterwards appointed maestro at the
Zachariii and Pitterlin Vatican. It is more than probable that he
in theory ; went to studied under a Netherlandish master. He

Leipsic in to 1805 ushered in the great epoch of Italian music
study under August which culminated in Palestriua, and may be
Eberhardt Midler and called the first great composer of the Ro-
Matthiii, and also entered the Gewandhaus man school. His compositions consisted
and Theater orchestras. In 1806 he became of church music a cappella, and madrigals.
a member of the ducal orchestra at Olden- Most of his published pieces are in the col-
burg, in 1808 solo violinist at Cassel, in lections published in Venice by Gardane
1814 visited Vienna, and in 1815 was called and Scotto about the middle of the 16th
to Carlsruhe as first violin and later as century. His madrigal, " Quando ritrovo
" (Down in a flowery vale),
Conzertmeister. Though ill several j'ears la mia pastorella
before his death, some of his last works is very popular in England. Works 1. :
were among his best. Opinions differ as to Madrigali a tre voci, libro primo (Venice,
57
FESTA
Ant. Gardaue, 2d ed., 1556 ; 3d, 1559) ; 2. Jones and of Geminiani. He became a
Motetti a 3 voci (Venice, 1543) ; 3. Litaniae member of the King of England's private
Deiparse Virgiuis Marise (Munich, Adam orchestra and first violinist of the Philhar-
Berg, 1583). Seijarate pieces are found in monic Society of London and was made ;
collections published in Venice and else- musical director of Ranelagh Gardens at

where during the 16th century. Ambros, their opening in 1742. He was one of the
iii. 565 Sehelle, Die sixtinische Capelle founders of the Loudon Society of Musicians
;
(Vienna, 1872), 259 ;Eituer, 550. and its secretary for many years. Works :
FESTA, GIUSEPPE MARIA, born at Violin solos Symphonies, concertos, and ;
Trani, Naples, in 1771, died at Naples, April sonatas Ode on the return of the Duke of
}
;
7, 1830. Violin virtuoso, pupil of Giardini Cumberland in 1745 Addison's Ode for ;
and LoUi on his instrument, and of Gar- St. Cecilia's Day Milton's Song on May ;
gano and Fenaroli in counterpoint accom- morning; Cantatas and songs. Grove ; ;
panied Loi"d Hamilton, the English ambas- Fotis Gerber Schilling. ; ;
sador, to Constantinople about 1799, and FESTIvLANGE (Festival Sounds), No. 7

after his return lived for a time at Milan. of Liszt's Symjjhonischr Dichtungen, written
In 1802 he became maestro di cappella at at Weimar, 1856. Published, score and
Lodi, but returned to Naples in 1805 and parts also, two pianofortes, and pianoforte
;
entered the orchestra of the Teatro Sau four hands, by Breitkopf & Hiirtel.
Carlo as first violinist in 1812 he visited
; FEST-:HARSCH (Festival March), for or-
Paris for about eight months, and after his chestra, by Franz Liszt, written for Goethe's
return to Naples was appointed maestro di birthday. Published, score and parts also, ;
cappella at the Teatro San Carlo, in 1816, pianoforte, two and four hands (Schu-
and soon after also of the royal ehaijel and berth).
of the king's private orchestra.Among his FESTilARSCH, GROSSER, zur Erofi'-
compositions for the violin are 3 works of nung der hundertjiihrigen Gedenkfeier der
duos and 2 works of quartets, published by Unabhiingigkeits-Erklarung der vereinig-

Girard at Naples. Fetis Mendel.
; ten Staaten von Nordamerika, for grand or-
FESTGESANG (Festival Song), Schil- chestra, by Richard Wagner. Written for,
ler's poem, "An die Kiinstler," for male and first played at the National Centennial
voices and brass, by Mendelssohn, op. 68, Exhibition, Philadeljjhia, May 10, 1876,
written for the opening of the first German- whence called also Centennial March. The
Flemish Vocal Festival at Cologne. stipulated price for this work was $5,000,
FESTGESANG, for male chorus and but Wagner received, through the efforts of
orchestra, by Mendelssohn (no opus No.), American admirers, double that sum, when
written for the festival of the fourth cen- he needed the money for the first Baireuth
tennial celebration of the art of printing, festival.
Leipsic, June 24 and 25, 1840. The words FEST-OUVERTURE (Festival Overture),
of the hymn, which was sung at the un- for orchestra, by Otto Nicolai, written for
veiling of the statue of Guttenberg in the the jubilee of the University of Kouigsberg,
public square, on the morning of the 24th, 1844. Its theme is Luther's " Ein' feste
were written by Adolphus Prolss, a teacher Burg ist unser Gott."
in the Freiberg Gymnasium. The work is FEST-OITV'ERTURE, for orchestra, in A,
sometimes called the Guttenberg Fest-Can- by Joachim Raff, op. 117. In it, also, " Ein'
tate.
Upton, Standard Cantatas, 263. feste Burg " is used as a theme. Published
FESTING, MICHAEL CHRISTIAN, by Kistner.
born in London (?) about 1680, died there, FEST-VORSPIEL "
(Festival Prelude), for
July 24, 1752. Violinist, pujîl of Richard orchestra, by Franz Liszt, written for the
es
fte
Schiller and Goethe Festival, Weimar, 1857. Brussels, March 25, 1871. The son of an
Published in score (Hallberger). organist at Mons, he learned to play at an
FETE DU VILLAGE, LA, opera in one early age the violin,
act, text by Desfontaines, music by Gossec, pianoforte, and or-
represented at the Academic Koyale de gan. He finished
Musique, Paris, May 26, 1778. An opera- his studies at the
comique in one act, of the same title, text Paris Conservatoire,
by Etieune, music by Nicolo Isouard, was where he was the
given at the Ojêra Comique, March 31, pupil on the piano-
1811. La fete du village voisiu, opura- forte of Pradher
comique in three acts, text by Sewriu, and Boieldieu, tak-
music by Boieldieu, was produced at the ing the prize for har-
Theatre Feydeau, March 5, 181G. mony in 1803, and,
FilTES DE L' AMOUR ET DE BAC- for the second time, the second prize in com-
CHUS, LES, pastorale in three acts, with position in 1807. In 1806 he married on the ;
prologue, text by Molicre, Beuserade, loss of his wife's fortune, in 1811, he retired
Quinault, etc., music by Lulli, represented to the Ardennes. In 1813 he was appointed
by the Academie Eoyale de Musique, at the organist and professor of music at Douai.
Theatre du Bel-Air, Paris, Nov. 15, 1672. In 1821, on Eler's vacating the post, he was
This work, reproduced six times between made professor of counterpoint and fugue
1672 and 1738, was the beginning of the at the Paris Conservatoire and librarian in
comijoser's successful career. It was first 1827. In 1833 he was appointed director of
published by J. B. Christophe Ballard the Brussels Conservatoire and maitre de
(Paris, 1727), Fetis being incorrect in speak- chapelle to the King of the Belgians. He
ing of an edition of 1679. wrote several memou-es for the Belgian
FfiTIS, ADOLPHE LOUIS EUGENE, Academic Royale. Fetis was a learned
born in Paris, Aug. 20, 1820, died there, harmonist and contrapuntist, and was a
March 20, 1873. Dramatic composer, son noted champion of the old Italian, pure con-
of Frau9ois Joseph Fetis, pujsil at the Con- trapuntal style. His operas, and chamber
servatoire at Brussels, then in Paris of and orchestral music, have now passed into
Henri Herz on the pianoforte, and of Halevy oblivion, and most of his church music is
in composition. After his return to Brus- unpublished. His most noteworthy com-
sels he was put in charge of a course in har- position is his Requiem (1850), written for
mony for young at the Conserva- the funeral of the Queen of Belgium.
ladies But
toire ; he taught harmony he won his greatest fame as a musical the-
for several years
and the pianoforte at Brussels and Ant- orist, historian, and teacher. His Treatise
werp, and in 1856 settled in Paris. Works on Counterpoint and Fugue is unquestion-
:
Le major Schlagmann, operetta given at ably the best and most exhaustive text-
the Bouffes Parisiens, 1859 several comic book on the subject in existence
; his Trea-
;
operas Les legendes des siecles, morceaux tise on Harmony, in sjjite of some incon-
;
de salon, for pianoforte Romances sans sequences and now obsolete views, is still
;
paroles, for do. 2 caprices d'etude, do.

; one of the most remarkable theoretical
;
Grand polka et redowa, do. Morceaux, works in musical literature. As an histo-

;
for harmonium and violoncello Album de rian he was voluminous, but not always
;
1861, melodies for 1 and 2 voices, with pi- trustworthy his historical
; works are,
anoforte.
Fetis. moreover, stained with an uncompromising
FFTIS, FRANgOIS JOSEPH, born at dogmatism. His Biographic universelle
Mons, Belgium, March 25, 1784, died in des Musicieus (continued after his death by
;
;
FEUER-SYMPHONIE
Ai-thur Pougin) book
is still a standard century). He left other works and treatises
of reference. Works
L'amant et Operas : unpublished. His eldest son, Edward Louis
le ruari, given at the Opera Comique, Paris, Fran(;ois (born at Bouvignes, May 16, 1812),
1820 Les sceurs jumelles, ib., 1823 Marie
; ; is a professor in Brussels. He succeeded
Stuart en Ecosse, ib., 1823 Le bour- ; his father as editor of the Revue musicale
geois de Reims, ib., 1824 La vieille, ib., ; in 1833-35, edited the fifth volume of
182G ; Le mannequin de Bergame, ib., "Histoire generale de la musique," and has
1832 ; Phidias, not represented. Instru- published " Les musiciens beiges " (Brus-
mental music Overtures for orchestra sels, 1848), and other works. Louis Alvin,
:
Sonatas Sextets Quintets Duos for piano- Notice sur F. J. Fetis (Brussels, 1874) Am-
; ; ; ;
forte and violin. Vocal music Canzonette bros, Buute Blatter, i. 141.
:
;
Masses Vespers, and much other church

; FEUER-SYMPHONIE (Fire Symphony),
music still in MS. Historical and didactic by Joseph Haydn, written in 1770. It is
works Mi'thode elumeutaire d'harmonie

: probably the overture to the opera Die
et d'accompaguement (1824, 1836, 1S41, Feuersbrunst, an unrepresented work by
translated into English and Italian) Traite ; the composer.
de la fugue et du contrapoint (1825, 184G) FEUILLETS D'.YLBUM (Album Leaves),
Traite de I'accompagnement de la partition 3 songs with pianoforte accompaniment, by
(1829) Solfeges progressifs precedes de
; Hector Berlioz, op. 19. Jullien, Hector
I'exposition raisonne des principes de la Berlioz (1888), 378.
musique (1827) La musique mise a la
;
probably at FEVIN, ANTOINE, born,
portee de tout le moude (1830) Curiosites died cer-
; Orleans, France, about 1490,
historiques de la musique (1830) Bio- tainly before 1516. Little or nothing is ;
graphie universelle des musiciens et biblio- known of his life, but his compositions (in
graphie generale de la musique, 8 vols. spite of his early death) point to his having
(1835-44; 2d ed., 1860-G5 Supplement, been one of the gi-eatest geniuses between
;
Pougin, 1878-80) Manuel des principes de Josquin Despres and Orlando Lasso. His
;
musique, Traite du chant en

etc. (1837) ; reputation, during and after his life, was im-
choeur, etc. (1838) Manuel des jeunes com- ; mense. The opinion that be was a Span-
positeurs, des chefs de musique militaire et iard is rejected by the best authorities.
des directeurs d'orchestre (1837) Methode ; Works : 3 Masses, Sancta Trinitas, ]\[ente
des methodes de piano (1837) Methode and Ave Maria, from a book of Masses
; tota,
des methodes de chant Esquisse de I'his- ; Fossombrone, 1515 only known (Petrucci, ;
toire de I'harmonie, etc. (1840) Methode copy in British Museum) 3 Masses Ave; ; ;
elementairc du plain-chant (1843) Traite Maria, Mente tota, and De feria (-'Liber;
complet de la theorie et de la pratique de quindecim Missarum," Rome, 1516 copy ;
I'harmonie (1844, 6th ed., 1857); Notice in llazarin Library, Paris) 6 motets from ;
biographique de Nicolo Paganini, etc. "Motetti della coi-ona " (Petrucci, 1514);
(1851) Traite elementaire de musique, etc. Motet, Descende in hortum meum, and a
;
(1851-1852) Antoine Stradivari, etc. (1856); fugue, Qu;e es ista ("Cautiones selects ul-
;
tra centum," Augsburg, 1540) 2 Lamenta- ;
tions, Migravit Juda, and Recordare est,

(" Recueil de Lamentations de Jereraie,"
Paris, 1558) Detached movements from ;
masses in Eslava's Lira sacro-hispana Mag- ;
Histoii'e generale de la musique depuis les nificat in Attaignant's 5th book for four
temps les plus anciens jusqua uos jours voices, and 2 motets in his 11th book (Paris,
(1869-76 ; finished only as far as the 15th 1534) ; Chansons franyaisea in "Bicinia gal-
Ffivm
lica, latiiia et germanica
" (Wittenberg, FL\.NCISe, LA, opera-comique in three
1545) ;
Ambraser Messen, acts, text by Scribe, music by Auber, first
3 masses in the
Vieuua, and 3 motets in MS. in the same represented in Paris, Jan. 10, 1829 in Ber- ;
hbrary. A mass in MS., Salve sancta pa- lin, as Die Braut, Aug. 26, 1829. It treats
rens, the only copy, is in the Munich Li- of bourgeois life. It was revived in Paris,
brary. A song of his, " Je le I'airray," is in Feb. 10, 1858. Published by Breitkopf
the Harleian MSS., and fragments of two & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1829), with pianoforte
masses are in Burney's Musical Extracts accompaniment Schott's SOhnen (Mainz,
; ;
both in the British Museum. Ambros, iii. 1829).

274 Grove Fetis Burney, Hist, of Mas.,
; ; ;
FIANCEE DU ROI DE GARBE, LA,
ii. 530 Mendel. ; opera-comique in three acts and six tab-
FEVIN, ROBERTUS, born at Cambrai, leaux, text by Scribe and Saint-Georges,
latter part of the 15th century, died after music by Auber, re^jreseuted at the Opera
1515. A contemporary of Antoine Fevin, but Comique, Paris, Jan. 11, 1864. The sub-
of another family. He was maitre de chapelle ject is from a tale by Boccaccio, put into
to the Duke of Savoy. According to Fetis verse by La Fontaine. An opera-comique
his only known composition is a Mass for of the same title, in three acts and four ta-
four voices on the French chanson, Le vi- bleaux, text by Dennery and Chabrillat, mu-
lain jaloux, printed in " Misste Antonii de sic by Henri Litolff, was given at the Folies
Fevin" (Petrucci, Fossombrone, 1515) but Dramatiques, Paris, Oct. 29, 1874. Subject
;
Van der Straeten mentions a Mass and an- also fi'om Boccaccio.
other church composition in the catalogue FIANCfiE DES VERTS-POTEAUX, LA,
of the Sixtine Chapel music (1868), in which ojêretta, music by Edmond Audran, repre-
he is called
Robiuet Fevin. Fotis Van der sented at the Menus
;
Plaisirs, Paris, Nov.
Straeten, vi. 4G3, 471, 474 Gerber Men- 8, 1887.
; ;
del ; Schilling. FIBICH, ZDENKO, born at Seborschitz,

FfiVRE. See Le Fibre. Bohemia, Dec. 21, 1850, still living, 1889.
FIALA, JOSEPH, born at Lobkowitz, Dramatic composer, studied music first at
Bohemia, in 1749, died at Douaueschingen Prague, then at the Leipsic Conservatorium
in 1816. Oboist and violoncellist. Origi- (1865), and under Vincenz Lachner. In
nally a serf, he taught himself the oboe, and 1876 he became second Kapellmeister at
became a member, in Vienna, of Prince Wal- the National Theatre in Prague, and in 1878
lenstein's band. In 1777 he went to Mu- choir-director of the Russian church. He
nich, and was engaged by the Elector Max is one of the most prominent among the
Joseph for the Electoral Chapel, and subse- young Czech composers. Works Buko- :
quently served in that of the Prince Bishop wiu, Czech opera, given at Prague about
of Salzburg, where he made the acquaint- 1875 Blanik, do., ib., Nov. 26, 1881;
The ;
ance of Mozart, and through his influence Bride of Messina, do., 1883 Othello, Zaboj ;
went to Vienna in 1786. After residing sev- and Slavoj, Toman and the Nymph, Vesna,
eral years in Russia, in the service of Count symphonic poems Two symphonies Sev- ; ;
Alexis Orloff, he returned to Germany, eral overtures Two string quartets Melo- ; ;
and in 1792 became Kapellmeister to dramas, choruses, songs, and pianoforte

Prince Fiirstenberg at Douaueschingen. pieces. Riemann.
Works 2 sets of quartets for violin (Frank-
: FIBY, HEINRICH, born in Vienna, May
fort and Vienna, 1780, 1786) 6 duos for vio- 15, 1834, still living, 1889. Vocal composer
;
lin and violoncello (Augsburg, 1799) 2 sets and violinist, pupil at the Conservatoi-ium,
;
of trios for flute, oboe, and bassoon (Ratisbon, Vienna became in 1853 solo violin and ;
1806). Grove Fetis Mendel Wurzbach. conductor of the orchestra at the theatre in
; ; ;
61
FIDELIO
Laybaeb, Carniola, and in 1857 city music action of the opera takes place in a prison
director at Znaim, Moravia, where be has near Seville, Spain, of which Don Pizarro
done miicb towards tbe regeneration of mu- is governor, and Kocco chief jailer. Flo-
sical life and tbe reorganization of cburcb restau is a state prisoner, whose wife, Leo-
music. He is most favourably known by nore, has introduced herself into the prison
bis choruses for male voices ; and has com- in male attii'e, under the name of Fidelio,

posed also three operettas. Mendel, Er- in hope of etlecting his deliverance. Ja-
giinz., 104. quino, the turnkey, is in love withMarzelline,
FIDELIO, Oder die ebeliche Liebe (Con- daughter of Rocco, and she is in love with
jugal Love), German opera in two acts, text Fidelio. Don Pizarro, hearing that Don
by Joseph Sonuleithner, music by Beethoven, Fernando is coming to inspect the prison,
first represented at the Theater an der Wieu, determines to kill Florestan, but is pre-
Vienna, Nov. 20, 1805. The libretto is an vented by Leonore. In the last scene Don
adaptation from the French of Jean Nico- Fernando frees Florestan, who is reunited
las BouUly's " Lconore, ou I'amour conju-
gal," which had twice before been set to
music by Gaveaux, as Leonore, ou I'a-
:
mour conjugal, given at the Oiêra Co-

mique, Paris, Feb. 19, 1798 and by Paer,
;
as Leonora, ossia 1' amore conjugale, given

at Dresden, Oct. 3, 1804. Beethoven re-
ceived the text in the winter of 1801-5, and
composed his score at Hetzeudorf during
the following summer. The opera, originally
in three acts, was produced under discour-
aging cu-cumstances, the French having just
taken jjossession of the city, which was de-
serted by the court and nobility, and after
three representations (Nov. 20, 21, 22) it
was withdrawn. The work proving too
numbers were di-opped from it
long, three Schroder-Devrient.
and the was reduced to two acts by

libretto
Stephen Breuning. In this form it was to Leonore, Don Pizarro is led away to pun-
given at the Imperial private theatre, Mai'ch ishment, and Marzelline consents to make
29 and April 10,1806, and again withdrawn. Jaquino happy. Among the most notewor-
In 1811 the libretto was again revised by thy of the numbers are In the first act,
:
Friedrich Treitschke, and Beethoven re- Marzelline's aria, "O wiir' ich schon mit dir
wrote and rearranged a considerable part of vereint," called the Hope aria the quartet, ;
the music. In this last form it was pro- " Mir ist so wunderbar " Rocco's song, ;
duced at the Kiiruthnerthor Theater, May " Hat man nicht audi Gold, beineben,"
23, 1811. Beethoven wished the opera called the Gold song Don Pizarro's aria,
;
called Leonore, but he was overruled by the " Ha welch ein Augenblick " Fidelio's
! !
management of the theatre, and it was al- aria, " Abscheulicher !," full of dramatic in-
ways announced under its present name. tensity expressive of her horror of Don Fer-
Four overtures were written for it 1. Leo-
: nando's proposed crime, and leading into
nore No. 2, in C, 1805 ;2. Leonore No. 3, an adagio, "Komm, Hoffnung,"in which she
in C, 180G 3. Leonore No. 1, in C (op.
; describes the power of love. In the second
138), 1807 4. Fidelio, in E, 181G.
; The act Florestan in his dungeon sings an aria,
ez
FIEDLER
" In des Lebens Friihlingstagen," which peared with success as a concert player, and
closes rapturously with, " Und spiir' Ich has composed a sj'mphony, performed in
uiclit liude," as he sees Leonora in a vision. Hamburg, 1886, a quintet and a quartet for
After a furious scene between Don Pizarro strings, songs, and pianoforte iîeces. Eie-
and Leonore, interrupted by the arrival of mann.
Don Fernando, Florestan and Leonore join FIELD, JOHN (called in England "Rus-
in the rajiturous duet, " O Namenlose sian Field "), born
Freude." The original cast in 1805 was as in Dublin, Ireland,
follows : July 26, 1782, died
in Moscow, Russia,
Don Fernando Herr Weinkopf.
Jan. 11, 1837. His
Don Pizarro Herr Meier.
father was a violin-
Florestan Herr Demmer.
ist in a theatre or-
Leonore (Fidelio) Frilulein Milder.
chestra in Dublin ;
Eocco Herr Rothe.
his grandfather an
Marzelline Friiulein Midler.
organist, who taught
Jaquino Herr Cache.
him the rudiments
In 1822 \\'ilhelmina Schroder, afterwards of music and the pi-
Schroder-Devrient (1805-1860), sang at Vi- anoforte. His father apprenticed him in
enna the part of Leonore, and achieved such London to Clementi, with whom he studied
extraordinary success as to become al- the pianoforte until 1801, acting also as
most identified with the character. Fidelio salesman and exhibitor of pianofortes in
was produced in Paris, at the Salle Favart, the warerooms of Clementi & Co. In 1802
1829 and 1830 at the Italiens, 1852 and
; ; Clementi took him to Paris, where he won
in three acts, French translation by Jules great distinction by his playing of Bach and
Barbier and Michel Carre, at the Theatre Handel, and thence to St. Petersburg, where
Lyrique, May 5, 18G0. It was performed in he continued to serve in his master's ware-
London at the King's May 18, rooms until 1801, when Clementi left Rus-
Theatre,
1832, and Covent Garden, sia. He then settled in St. Petersburg as a
in English at
June 12, 1835. Its first production in teacher, receiving extraordinary j)rices for
America was at the National Theatre, New his lessons. In 1823 he removed to Mos-
York, Sept. 9, 1839, when it was given in cow, where he won even greater success as
English. The German version was sung at a pianist. After a professional trip through
the Metropolitan Ojjera House, New York, Russia he returned to London in 1832, and
in the season of 1885-86.
Marx, L. van in 1833 to Paris, passing through Belgium
B., 200 Nohl, B.'s Leben, ii. 205 Thayer, and Switzerland to Italy, where he lost
; ;
Life of B. do., Verzeichniss, 61

; Hanslick, money at his concerts in Milan, Venice, and
;
Moderne Oper, 61 Liszt, Gesamml. Schr., Naples. Intemperate habits had worn out
;
iii. 10 Berlioz,
; A
travers Chants, 68 Schu- his originally feeble constitution, and he was
;
mann, Music and Musicians, i. 25. nine months in a wretched state in a NeajDO-
FIEDLER, AUGUST MAX, born at litan hospital. A Russian family by the
Zittau, Dec. 31, 1859, still living, 1889. name of Raemanow saved him from this
Pianist and instrumental and vocal com- plight, on condition that he should return
poser, pupil of his father on the pianoforte to Russia. Passing through Vienna he elic-
and of G. Albrecht in theory and on the ited the most enthusiastic praise by his
organ, then at the Conservatorium in Leip- playing, but died almost immediately after
sic (1877-80). Since 1882 professor at reaching Moscow. As a composer, Field
the Conservatorium in Hamburg. He apis to be credited with originating that form
;;; ;
FIEN^'ES
of pianoforte piece known as the nocturne don to hear and be advised by Thalberg, ;
his nocturnes were the models for Chopin then at the zenith of his fame. Works :
and all later composers, and, among all his Two concertos for pianoforte and orchestra
works, they alone have survived. His con- Fantaisie romantique Morceau de concert ;
certos, sonatas, and Thume varie Fantaisies, mt'langes, caprices,

pianoforte quintet, ;
other works, much admired in his day, etc., on operatic themes. Fetis.
have all died. His style was marked by FIERO SANGUE D' ARAGONA. See
infinite grace, charm, and an intimate Ernani.
knowledge of the most characteristic re- FIERRABRAS, romantic opera in three
sources of the pianoforte. Both as a pian- acts, text by Josef Kujjelwieser, music by
ist and composer he was the connecting link Franz Schubert, written in 1823, but never
between Clementi and Chopin. Works 7 performed, though Riemann says it was :
concertos for pianoforte and orchestra, in produced in Vienna in 1861. The work,
E-flat (Nos. 1, 3, and -4), A-flat, C (L' incen- in MS. (1,000 pages of written score), in
die par I'orage), C, and C minor 2 diver- twenty-three numbers, including the over-
;
tissements for do., with accompaniment for ture, is preserved in the library of the
2 violins, flute, viola, and bass Quintet for Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna.
;
pianoforte and strings Rondo for do. Fragments of it have been played in Vienna
;
;
Variations on a Russian air for four hands (1858, 1862), and the overture, which is
Grand valse for do.; 3 sonatas, in A, E-flat, owned by Herr Spina, Vienna (it has been
and C minor 3 do. in A, B, and C Sonata published, arranged for j)ianoforte, by Di-
; ;
in B20 nocturnes (only 12 of these were

; abelli), is frequently played at concerts. It
designated as such by the composer) 2 airs ; decidedly the greatest of Schubert's over-
is
en rondeau Ron- tures. The subject is from the romances of
/
.
;
^/e_j^j deau ccossais; chivalry and deals with the wars between
_-_,.7 - Fantasias on dif- Charlemagne and the Moors. The scene is
y ferent airs ; Polo- laid in Spain. Fierrabras, son of the Moor-
V naises, romances, ish prince, is in love with Emma, daughter
rondos, and miscellaneous pieces for piano- of King Charles (Charlemagne), who is also
forte ; Two songs, with pianoforte. Grove ;
beloved by Eginhardt, a Christian knight
Fetis, iii. 244 ; do., Supph'ment, i. 331 ;
and Florinda, sister of Fierrabras, is loved
Mendel Spohr, Selbtsbiographie, i. 43
; by Roland, another Christian knight. Af-
Weitzmann, Geschichte des Clanerspiels, ter many vicissitudes, Eginhardt wins
92. ;Liszt, Gesamml. Schr., iv. 261. Emma, and Roland Florinda and Fierra- ;
FIENXES, HENRI DU BOIS DE, born bras, renouncing his religion, becomes a
at Auderlecht, near Brussels, Dec. 15, 1809, follower of King Charles amid a chorus of
died there, Feb. 15, 1863. Pianist, pupil of joy and exultation. Hellborn (Coleridge),
Landwyck, an organist at Brussels, then went Life of Schubert, i. 293 Grove, iii. 338. ;
to Paris, where for two years he profited FIESCO, GIULIO, born in Ferrara in
much by the advice of Henri Herz. After 1519, died in 1586. Lutist, musician of
his return to Belgium he gave concerts the chapel of Ercole H., and Alfonso H., of
with Bender, Hauman, and D('sargus, and Este. His madrigals were published in
in 1834 studied composition under Fetis Venice (1554-1569). Fetis Mendel. ;
then perfected himself on the pianoforte in FifiVRE BROLANTE, UNE. See Ei-
Paris under Kalkbrenner. Settled in Brus- chard Cceur de Lion.
sels, where he devoted himself to teaching, FIGARO. See Nozze di Figaro.
he made a concert tour through Holland FIGHERA, SALVATORE, born at Gra-
and on the Rhine in 1837, and visited Lon- vina, Naples, in 1771, died at Naples in
64
FIGLIUOL
1836. Church composer, pupil of Insan- 1665 maestro di cappella of the church of
guine and Fenaroli at the Conservatorio the regular canons of S. Giovanni iu Monte.
Santa Maria di Loreto, Naples then lived On the foundation of the Accademia Filar-
;
for a time iu Milan, and after his return mouica, Bologna, 1666, he was made a mem-
was maestro di cappella of several convents, ber, antl he was principe in 1669 and 1675.
for which he wrote numerous compositions. He composed masses, psalms, etc., Bologna
"Works : La iinta istoria, cantata ; Lo (1666-1671). Fetis ; Mendel.
sdegno e la pace, do. 2 masses for double
;
FILLE DE MADAME ANGOT, LA
chorus with orchestra Several masses alia;
(Madame Angot's Daughter), opera-bouffe,
Palestrina Miserere for 4 voices with or-
;
textby Clairville, Siraudin, and Koning,
chestra Credo for 8 voices in madrigal
;
music by Charles Lecocq, represented at
style La sorpresa, opera buflta, given in
; the Fautaisies Parisienues, Brussels, No-
Milan.
Fotis, Sui^plemeut, i. 331 Mendel, ;
vember, 1872. Madame Angot's daughter,
Ergiinz., 104 whom her Clairette, a pretty flower-girl,
FIGLIUOL PKODIGO, IL (The Prodi- friends wish to marry the hair-dresser Pom-
gal Son), melodrama in four acts, test by ponnet, prefers to give her love to Ange
A. Zanardini, music by Amilcare Ponchielli, Pitou, a singer. The latter, inconstant, sac-
represented at La Scala, Milan, Dec. 26, rifices his love to the beautiful eyes of Mile
1880. This work, sung by Tamagno, Lange, the famous comedienne. Clairette,
de Reszke, Salvati, and Mmes Angeri and after all sorts of trouble, at last consoles
Prasini, had a great success. and gives her hand
herself for his infidelity
FILBY, WILLIA^M CHARLES, born at to Pomponnet. The work had a great suc-
Hammersmith, England, 1836, still living, cess in Paris, where it was presented, Feb.
1889. Organist, and composer of church, 23, 1873, at the Folies Dramatiques.
dramatic, and instrumental music, studied FILLE DES EOIS, A TOI L'HOM-
in France, and was organist successively in MAGE. See Africaine.
London, at Walworth, Bayswater, West- FILLE DU REGLAIENT, LA (Ital., La
bourne Park, Margate, and Stepney. figiia del reggimento, The Daughter of the
Works Your money or your life, operetta, Regiment), oi)era-comique iu two acts, text
:
op. 99 Alabama Claims, do., op. 100 Mass by Bayard and Saint-Georges, music by
; ;
in E-flat, op. 24 do., in E, op. 28

;
The Donizetti, represented at the Opera Co-
;
twenty-third psalm, op. 36 The thirteenth mique, Paris, Feb. 11, 1840. Scene, iu the
;
psalm, op. 71 ; Ouverture fantastique for or- Tyrol, during its occupation by the French
chestra, Motets
op. 101 ; ; Anthems ; So- in Napoleon's time. Marie, picked up
nata for pianoforte, op. G6 ; Fantasias and when an infant on the battle-field by Ser-
other pieces for do. ; Organ music, songs, geant Sulpice, has grown up to be a vivan-
duets, etc. diere and the adopted daughter of the 21st
FILIPPINI, STEFANO
(surnamed 1' Ar- Regiment. Tony, a Tyrolese peasant, who
gentino), Augustine monk, maestro di cajj- once saved her from falling over a precijiice,
pella of St. John the Evangelist at Ravenna, loves her, and joins the regiment to obtain
in the second part of the 17th century. her hand. But the mystery of her birth is
His motets, j)salms, masses, etc., were pub- cleared up by the appearance of her mother,
lished in Ancona and Bologna (1522-1685). a marquise, who claims Marie as her niece,
Ft'tis Mendel, iii. 517 Mendel, Ergiinz., and rejects Tony.
; ;
In the second act the
xii. 105. daughter of the regiment appears in her
FILIPUZZI, AGOSTINO, born in Bo- mother's chateau, surrounded by everything
logna about 1635, died (?). Organist of the belonging to her rank, but regretting Tony
church of the Madonna di Galiera, and iu and longing for the freedom of her old
65
;
FILS
life. She is suddenly cheered up by the the opera Temistocle, the intermezzo La
return of the regiment, and Tony, become jsace campestre, a cantata, and other music
an officer, demands her hand. The marin MS. Fetis Mendel.;
quise reveals to Marie that she is her mother rmCH' HAN DAL VINO. See Don
and bids her give up her lover, but at Giovanni.
last, overcome by her daughter's grief, con- FINCK, HEINRICH, German composer
sents to the union. The opera was given of the beginning of the 16th century, date
in Italian in London, at Her Majesty's The- of birth and death unknown. He finished
atre, May 27, 18-17, with Jenny Liud in the his studies in Cracow, Poland, where he
title-role and in English, at the Surrey
; was in the service of Kings John Albert in
Theatre, Dec. 21, 1847. The French ver- 1492, of Alexander in 1501, and of Sigis-
sion was produced in New York, at Niblo's mund I. in 1506. He retired later to Wit-
Garden, July 19, 1843, by a company from tenberg. He is sometimes confounded with
New Orleans, with Mile Calve as Marie and his grand-nephew, Hermann Finck. Works :
Bles as Sulpice. Among the best of the SchiJne auserlesene Lieder (Nuremberg,
numbers are the tyrolienne, " Suppliant, 1536) music to 22 Latin hymns in Rhau's
: ;
a genoux " the duet between Marie and Sacrorum hymnorum, lib. i. (Wittenberg,
;
Sulpice, commonly called "Le Rataplan;" 1542) and compositions in other 16th cen- ;
the spirited, " Salut a la France " and the tury collections. AUgem. d. Biogr., vii. 12 ;
;
song of the regiment, " Chacun le sait, Fetis do.. Supplement, i. 333 Mendel ; ;
chacuu le dit." Edwards, Lyrical Drama, Sowinski, 191 ; Schilling ; Winterfeld, Der
ii. 37 ; Larousse, viii. 376. evang. Kirchengesang, i. 186.
FILS DU BRIGADIER (The Corporal's FINCK, HERMANN, born in Pirna, Sax-
Son), LE, opcra-comique in three acts, text ony, March 21, 1527, died in Wittenberg,
by Eugene Labiche and Delacour, music by Doc. 28, 1558. A grand-nephew of Hein-
Victor Masse, represented at the Opera rich Finck, and a warm supporter of the
Comique, Paris, Feb. 25, 1867. Sung by Reformed religion. He studied in Witten-
Crosti, Montaubry, Sainte-Foy, Prilleux, berg, where he became an organist, and
and Allies Girard, Ruze, and Revilly. composed chorals, one of which, " O let thy
FILTZ, ANTON, died at an early age at grace remain," is still sung in German
Mannheim in 1768. Violoncellist in the Protestant churches. He was the author
"
service of the Elector-Palatine at Mann- of a theoretical work, " Practica musica
heim about 1763, and enjoyed great reputa- (1556). Riemann Naumann (Ouseley), i. ;
tion as a composer. Works : 6 symjihonies 440.

for 8 instruments ; 6 trios for pianoforte, FIN DU MONDE, LA. See Hercu-
violin and bass ; 6 trios for violins ; 6 quar- lannm.
tets for 2 violins, viola, and bass. Italian composer
Concertos FINETTI, GIACOMO,
for violoncello, flute, beginning of the 17th century, born
oboe, and clarinet, of the
and duos and solos for violoncello, in MS. at Ancona. A Franciscan monk, he was
Fetis Mendel. ; maestro di cappella of his native town in
FINAZZI, FELIPPO, born in Bergamo 1611, and subsequently of San Marco, Ven-
in 1710, died at Jersbeck, near Hamburg, ice. He composed psalms, etc., with Petrus
April 21, 1776. Singer and compose!-, sang Lappius, and Jul. Bellus (Frankfort, 1621 ;
in Italian opera at Breslau in 1728 was Venice, 1611-1622).Fetis; Mendel.

;
subsequently in the ser\'ice of the Duke of FINGALS HOHLE. See Die Hehriden.
Modena, returned to Germany in 1737, and FINGER, GOTTFRIED, born at Olmiitz,
settled at Jersbeck in 1748. He published Moravia, about 1660, died after 1717. He
six four-part symphonies (1754), and left went to England in 1685 and became musi-
FINI
cian to James II. On obtaining the fourth FINK, GOTTFRIED WILHELM, born
prize for his music to Congi'eve's masque, at Suiza, Thuringia, March 7, 1783, died at
The Judgment was so Halle, Aug. 27, 1846. Instrumental and
of Paris, in 1701, he
displeased that he returned to Germany. vocal composer and writer on music, pupil
He became chamber musician to Queen of the cantor Gressler on the jjianoforte and
Sophie Charlotte in Berlin in 1702, and organ. First wrote for the Allgemeine mu-
Kapellmeister at Gotha in 1717. Works sikalische Zeitung in 1808, and was editor of
:
SonatsB xii. p>ro diversis instrumentis the paper in 182741. Became professor of
(1688) Six sonatas or solos, three for a music at Leipsic University in 1842, and re-
;
vioHn and three for a flute (1690) ; Ayres, ceived the doctor's degree. Works : Pieces
Chacones, Divisions, and Sonatas, for Vio- for pianoforte and violin Songs and bal- ;
lins and Flutes, with John Banister (1691) lads Terzettos for soprano, contralto, and
; ;
A set of sonatas in five parts for flutes bass Many part-songs for male voices ; ;
and hautboys (with Godfrey Keller) So- Hiiusliche Andachten, 3 books (Leipsic,
;
natas for violins and flutes Music for Theo- 1810)

;
He also published Musikalischer ;
philus Parson's Ode for St. Cecilia's Day Hausschatz der Deutschen, a collection of
;
Music for Motteux's masque. The Loves of 1,000 songs (Leipsic, 1843) Deutsche Lie- ;
Mars and Venus (with John Eccles), Lon- dertafel, a collection of four-part songs
don, 1696 Music for Ravenscroft's comedy, for male voices.
;
Allgem. d. Biogr., vii.
The Anatomist, ib., 1697; Music for Elkanah 17 Fetis Mendel Riemann, 263 Schil- ; ; ; ;
Settle's opera, the Virgin Prophetess, ib., ling.
1701 ; Music for Congreve's masque, The FINTA GIAEDINIERA, LA, Italian
Judgment 1701
of Paris, Sieg der opera buffa in three acts, text by Calzabigi
ib., ;
Schunheit fiber die Helden, opera, Berlin, adapted by Coltellini, music by Mozart,
1706 Eoxane, opera, ib., 1706 (with Strieker first represented at Munich, Jan. 13, 1775.
;
and Volumier). Fetis ; Grove ; Mendel ;

Holmes, Life of M., 89.
Allgem. d. Biogr., vii. 16. FINTA SEMPLICE, LA, Italian opera
FINI, mCHELE, born

Naples in in buffa in three acts, text by Coltellini, mu-
the first years of the 18th century. Dra- sic by Mozart, written at Vienna in 1768,
matic composer. Works Operas: Pericca but never represented.
et Varrone, Venice, 1731 Gli sponsali d' ;
FIOCCHI, VINCENZO, born in Rome in
Enea, ib., 1831 I dei birbi, ib., 1732.
; 1707, died in Paris in 1845. Dramatic
Fetis Mendel.;
composer, pupil at the Conservatorio della
FINK, CHRISTIAN, born at Dettiugen, Pieta de' Turchini, Naples, under Fenaroli.
Wiu-temberg, Aug. 9, 1831, still living, 1889. Choron says he was organist of St. Peter's,
Organist, pupil at the Conservatorium in Rome, but left there at the time of politi-
Leipsic (1853-55), and of Johann Schneider cal troubles, and went to Paris in 1802 ;
in Dresden, then lived in Leipsic until he had then written about 16 operas, which
1860, when he was called to Esslingen as are now forgotten. He published, with
principal instructor of music at the seminary, Choron, Priucipes d'accompagnement des
and as music director and organist at the ecoles d'ltalie (1807). In Paris he brought
Metropolitan Church. In 1862 the title of out the operas Le valet de deux maitres.
:
professor was conferred on him. He has Theatre Feydeau, 1802 Sophocle, Acade- ;
published a considerable mie Imperiale de Musique, 1811. He after-

number of sonatas,
fugues, preludes, trios, etc., for the organ wards wrote several comic operas, which
;
Psalms, motets, and other church music were not performed. Other works L'
;
:
also pianoforte pieces, and songs. Eie- Addio d' Ettore,

cantata, 1797 Piramo e ;
mann. Tisbe, do. Francesca d' Aiimiuo, do. Aci, ; ;
67
FIOCCO
cantatille. Fi'tis ; do., Suppk'ment, i. 333 ;
FIOCCO, PIETRO ANTONIO, born in
Mendel ; do., Ergilnz., lOG. Venice about the middle of the 17th century,
FIOCCO, JEAN JOSEPH, born at Brus- died at Brussels, Nov. 3, 1714. Church
sels, died there about 1772. Composer of composer, settled at Brussels about 1690,
oratorios, son and probably pupil of Pietro and was maitre de chapelle at Notre Dame du
Antonio Fiocco, whom he succeeded as Sablon then from 1G9G vice-niaitre, and in
;
maitre de chaijelle to the royal chapel, and at 170G-14 maitre de la musique, to the court
Notre Dame du Sablon, Brussels ; held these of Brussels. Composed motets, masses, etc.,
offices still in 1749. His oratorios were cele- for the royal chapel, and under his direc-
brated, and were a new feature in the his- tion several very efl'ective performances were
tory of Netherland music. Works Ora-
given at the court, which consisted of relig-
torios : La tempesta performed ious dramas. His prologues set to music for
de' dolori,
1728 II Pentimento d' Accabo La morte Lulli's operas, jserformed at the court, ai-e
; ;
vinta sul Calvario, 1730 Giesh flagellato, also specially mentioned in the chronicles
;
1734 II trausito di S. Giuseppe,

; 1737 of the time none of these pieces have sur- ; ;
Le profezie evangeliche di Isaia, 1738. His vived. The most important were the pro-
church compositions are numerous. Biog. logues to Amadis (1G95), Acis et Galatue
nat. de Belgique, vii. 72 ; Van der Straeten, (1G95), Belk'rophou (1G9G), Tlu'sOe (1697).
ii. 132-137 ; v. 149-153 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., He was made director of the Royal Acad-
107. emy of Music, Brussels, founded by the
FIOCCO, JOSEPH HECTOR, born in Electoral Duke of Bavaria, in 1704. His
Brussels about 1(590, died after 1752. clun-ch music was played at Sainte-Gudule
Harpsichord player, son antl pupil of Pietro until the last part of the 18th century. Pub-
Antonio Fiocco. He was vice-maitre of the lished flute sonatas. Biog. nat. de Belgi-
royal chapel in 1729, and became maitre de que, vii. 71 ; Van der Straeten, ii. 127-132,
chapclle of the cathedral, Antwerp, in 1731, 176 ;293 iv. ; v. 148 ; Fetis ; Becker, Die
but resigned in 1737, to assume the same Tonwerke des xvi. und xvii. Jahrh.
function at Saiute-Gudule, Brussels. Both FIODO, VINCENZO, born at Taranto,
Joseph Fiocco and his celebrated father Naples, Sept. 2, 1782, died at Naples in
mark a special epoch in the musical his- 1863. Dramatic, and church comiôser,
tory of the Netherlands. Joseph Hector's pupil of Sala and I'aisiello at the Conserva-
book of harpsichord pieces entitled Pieces torio de' Turchini, Naples. In 1812 he
de claveyin dediees i son Altesse Mon- settled at Pisa to teach vocal music, but
seigneur le due d'Areuberg, etc. (Brussels, afterwards is said to have given uj) his pro-
between 1730-1737), is the oldest collection fession for a mercantile career until 1820,
of the kind in existence. Van der Straeten about which time he returned to Naples,
gives an interesting account of this work and to music, becoming maestro di cappella
and of the progress of music at the coui't of in difl'crent convents and churches. In
Brussels, then one of the most brilliant 1846 he was apj)ointed inspector of the ex-
courts of Europe. Among this composer's tei'nal schools of the Conservatorio, and in
church music is a Mass to St. Cecilia 1858 professor at that institution. Works
(1752), and many other masses (Amsterdam, Operas H disertore, Rome, 1808 II : ;
Antwerp, 1730). His music was long in use trioufo di Quinto Fabio, Parma, 1809 Gi- ;
in the Cathedral of Antwerp, and was played ro, Florence, 1810 Giuseppe riconosciuto, ;
at the Concerts Spirituels in Paris some of oratorio Requiem mass for 2 choruses and
; ;
his MSS. are in the National Library, Paris. 2 orchestras 2 do. for 3 choruses and 3 or- ;

Biog. nat. de Belgique, vii. 73 Futis chestras Many other religious composi-
; ;
;
Van der Straeten, ii. 95 ; iv. 293. tions. Fetis ; do., Suj)2>l'^'iiient, i. 333.
;;
FIORAVANTI
FIORAVANTI, VALENTINO, born in foresta d' Hermannstadt, ib., 1812 II cia- ;
Rome, November, 1770, died Capua, battino, ib., 1813at Inganni ed amore, ib., ;
June IG, 1837. Dramatic composer, pupil at 1814 Enrico IV. al passo della Mania, ;
the Couservatorio della Pieta de' Turcbini, Rome, 1818 Paolina e Suzetta, Naples, ;
Naples, uuder Sala. His first ojjera was 1819 La moglie di due mariti, ib., 1820; ;
represented at the Pergola, Florence, in Ogni eccesso e vizioso, ib., 1823. Fetis ;
1791, and was followed by about fifty others, Grove Larousse Mendel Biog. gt'n., ; ; ;
all comic. In 180G he was invited to Paris, xviii. 723.

and produced there, Sept. 2G, 1807, an FIOR.WANTI, VINCENZO, born in
opera buffa in two acts. In 181G he suc- Rome, April 5, 1799, died in Naples, March
ceeded Jannaconi as maestro di cappella at 28, 1877. Dramatic composer, son of Va-
St. Peter's, Rome, but his church music was lentino Fioravanti and pupil of Jannaconi
inferior to his operas. Like other Italian and of Donizetti. In 1833 he was maestro
composers Fioravanti, though jjojiular in di cappella of a church in Naples, and later
his day, was eclipsed by Rossini. Works music director at the Albergo de' Poveri
Operas Con i matti il savio la perde, rep- there.
: Like his father, he wrote many
resented at La Pergola, Florence, 1791 buffo operas, in the first of which, given in
Amor aguzza 1' ingegno, about 1792 L' Naples in 1819, the great basso Lablache ;
amore immaginario, 1793 L' astuta, 1793 made his debut. Works Operas La pul-
;
; :
La cantatrice bizzarra, about 1793 II furbo cinella molinara, Naples, 1819 La pasto-
;
;
contra il furbo, Turin, 1795 Lo cantatrici rella rapita, ib., 1820 II sarcofago scozzese,
; ;
viilane, Turin, 1795 Paris, 1806, 1842; ib., 1820 Robinson Crusoe, ib., about ;
Lisetta e Giannino, Naples, 1795 II fabro 1825 Colombo alia scoperta delle Indie,
; ;
parigino, Milan, 179G Gli amanti comici, ib., about 1830

; II folletto innamorato, ;
Milan, 1796 La capricciosa pentita, Turin, about 1830

; and many others, a full list of ;
1797 L' iunocente ambizione, Venice, which is given in Pougin's supplement to

;
1797 H matrimouio iêr magia, Naples, Fetis. He wrote also two oratorios Seilla,
; :
1797 La fortunata combinazione, about and II sacrifizio di Jefte. Fetis, iii. 25G
; ;
1798 L' inganno cade sojira 1' inganuatore, do.. Supplement, i. 333 Larousse Mendel,
;
; ;
about 1799 II bello place a tutti, about iii. 534; Erganz., xii. 831.
;
1800 I viaggiatori ridicoli, Naples, 1800

; FIOR D' ALIZA, oj)era-comiquc in four ;
La schiava fortunata, about 1800 H vil- acts and seven tableaux, text by Hippolyte
;
lauo in angustie, Naples, 1801 Amor e dis- Lucas and Michel Carre, music by Victor
;
pgtto, Milan, 1802 I raggiri ciarlatanescbi, Masse, represented at the Opera Comique,
;
Naples, 1802 ; L' orgoglio avvilito, Milan, Paris, Feb. 5, 1866. The subject of the
1803 ; La schiava di due padroni, Milan, libretto is from Lamartine's romance,
1803 ; II giudizio di Paride, about 1803 ;
" Graziella." The cast was as follows :
Le avventure di Bertoldino, Rome, 1803

I puntigli per equivoco, Naples, 1804 La
Fior d' Aliza ;
. . Mme Vandenheuvel-Duprez.
bella Carbonara, about 1804 L' Africano

Picciniua
;
Mme Galli-Marie.
;
M. Achard. Gerouimo
generoso, 1804 Adelson e Salvina, 1804
; ; L'
M. Crosti. Le moiue
avaro, 1804 L' amor per interezza, about
;
1805 L' ambizione pentita, about 1805

; FIORE, STEFANO ANDREA, born in
Semplicitii ed astuzia, Naples, 1806 Vir- Milan, close of the 17th century. Compos-
;
tuosi ambulanti, Paris, 1807 Lo sposo che er, maestro di cajjjjella to the King of Sar-
;
'
piti accommoda, Naples, about 1808 Ca- dinia member of the Accademia Filarmo-
; ;
milla, 1810 Adelaide e Comingio, Milan, nica, Bologna. Quantz knew him in Tu-
;
ISIO; Raoul di Crequi, Naples, 1811 La rin, in 1726, where he enjoyed a brilliant
;
69
FIOrJLLO
reputation. His XII Sonate da cliiesa a FIOEINI, IPPOLITO, born in Ferrara
I
due and bis opera II pentimeuto about 1510, died about 1612. Madrigal
violini,
generoso (1719), are bis best compositions. and church composer, surnamed 1' Angio-
Fetis; Mendel. letto composer and maestro di cappella to ;
FIORILLO, FEDERIGO, born in Bruns- Alfonso II., Duke of Ferrara. He pub-

wick in 1753, died lished church music and collections of son-
after 1823. Vio- nets and madrigals. His madrigals are in
linist, son of Igna- Lauro Verde (1586). Fetis Schilhng Men- ; ;
zio Fiorillo. He del.

went to Poland in FIORONI, GIOVANNI ANDREA, born
1780, conducted a in Pavia, 1701, died in Milan, 1779. Church
band atcomposer, pupil in Naples of Leo for fifteen
Riga,
1783-85, went to years maestro di cappella at Como, and
;
Paris and was subsequently of the Cathedral of Milan,

beard at tbe Con- wbere his compositions are preserved. He
and in 1788 went to had many celebrated pupils, Zucchinetti,
certs Spirituals in 1785,
London, wbere be played tbe viola in Salo- Bonesi, and others. Fetis Mendel Wurz- ; ;
mon's quartet-party. His last ajipearance bach.

in London was in 1791 be went tbence to
;
FISCHER, ADOLPH, born at Ucker-
Amsterdam and was in Paris in 1823, after miinde, Pomerania, Juno 23, 1827, still
wbicb nothing is known of him. Of all his living, 1889. Organist, first instructed in
works, that entitled Etudes de violon has Berlin by Elssler in singing, then at the
survived as a classical work, of great service Royal Institute for Church Music pupil of
to students. It is composed of 36 caprices, A. W. Bach on the organ, of Killitscbgy on
wbicb are equal to tbe classical studies of the pianoforte, and of GreU in counterpoint;
Rode and Kreutzer. They have been pub- finally (1850-51), of Rungenhageu and GreU
lished lately bj* Ferdinand David (Leipsic), in composition, for which he received tbe
after many previous editions. His other grand medal. Meanwhile he had already
music consists of duos for violins, for pi- acted as organist for several years, and in
anoforte and violin Quartets, quintets,
;
1853 went as chief organist and conductor
concertos, etc., of wbicb Fetis gives a list. of the Siugakademie at Frank f or t-on-the
Fetis Mendel Grove Larousse.
; ; ;
Oder. In 1865 be received the title of
FIORILLO, IGNAZIO, born in Naples, royal director of music, and in 1870 was
May 11, 1715, died at Fritzlai-, Hesse, June, called to Breslau as first organist of the
1787. Dramatic composer, pupil at tbe Elizabetbkirche. In 1880 be established
Couservaton'o, Naples, under Leo and Du- there tbe Silesian Conservatorium, which is
rante. He brought out his first opera, at steadily growing. At the exposition in
Venice in 1736, became Hofkapellmeister in Pai-is, 1867, he won the applause of Auber
Brunswick in 1751, and Kapellmeister in and Rossini as a virtuoso on the organ.
Cassel in 1762. In 1780 he retired to Fritz- Three symphonies of his composition have
lar. Works
Of)eras Mundane, opera seria,
: been performed several times with success ;
given at Venice, 1736 Ai-tamene, Milan,

; he has published motets, songs, and organ
1738 n vincitor di se stesso, ib., 1711
;
;
music. Mendel, Ergiinz., 188.
Diana ed Endimione, Cassel, 1763 Arta- ; FISCHER, ANTON, born at Ried, Sua-
serse, ib., 1765 Nitteti, ib., 1770
; Andro- ; bia, in 1777, died in Vienna, Dec. 1, 1808.
meda, ib., 1771 Isacco, oratorio
; 3 Te ; Dramatic composer, pupil of an elder brother
Deum Requiem. Fetis Mendel La-
; ; ; in Augsburg went to Vienna, wbere he be-
;
rousse Riemann.
; came Kapellmeister in the Jose^jhstadter
70
; ;
FISCHER
Theater, and from 1800 in the Schikaneder became Kapellmeister at Schwerin in 1701
Theater. His works are in the style popu- having filled this position for a few years,
lar in Vienna in his time, and show little he went north and, after sojourns at Copen-
originality.
Works Operas and operettas hagen and Stockholm, entered the service :
Lunara, KOnigin des Pahnenhaius, Vienna, of the Margrave of Schwedt in Pomerania.

1802 Die arme Familie, about 1800 Die He composed overtures, dances, madrigals,
; ;
Eutlarvten, ib., 180-4 Die Scheidewand, ib., solos, and variations for violin and viola,
;
1803 Die Verwandlungen, 1804 Der tra-

; ; songs, etc. Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
vestirte Aeneas Das Hausgesinde, 1805 ; ;

FISCHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born
Swetard's Zauberthal Das Singspiel auf ;
at Freiburg in the Breisgau in 1733, died
dem Dache Die Festung an der Elbe Das; ;
in London, April 29, 1800. Virtuoso on
Milchmiidchen von Bercy Theseus und Ari- ;
the oboe, was a member of the Dresden
adne, a pantomime Der wohlthiitige Ge- ;
court orchestra in 1760 ; visited Italy in
nius ; A children's operetta ; Two cantatas. 1765 ; went to England and bein 1768,
Mendel ; Fetis ; Schilling. came a member of the Queen's band. In

FISCHER, FERDINAND, born at Bruns- 1786 he made a concert tour in Germany,
wick in 1723, died there in 1805 (?). Vio- and in 1790 settled in London. He was
travelled in Germany and Holland,
linist, one of the best performers on his instru-
and became court and city musician at ment of the last century, and a minuet by
Brunswick, whither he returned in 1761. him has been made famous by Mozart's va-
Works : G trios for violins (Brunswick, riations on it. There is a fine portrait of
1763) ; 6 symphonies for nine instruments him at Hampton Court, by Gainsborough,
(ib., 1765) ; 6 quartets for two violins, viola, whose daughter ]\Iary he married. Works :
and bass ; Cantata for wind instruments 10 hautboy concertos ;

Quartets for flute,
(1800); Concerto for do. (1803). Futis ;

violin, viola, and violoncello ; 6 duets for
Mendel ; Schilling. two flutes ; 10 flute solos ; a concerto and
FISCHER, GOTTFRIED EMIL, born in a rondo for pianoforte Mendel ; Fetis ;
Berlin, Nov. 28, 1791, died there, Feb. U, Grove.

1841. Vocal composer, pupil of Zelter in FISCHER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, born
1810-13, was jn-ofessor of mathematics at at Naundorf, near Freiberg, Saxony, Sept.
the Royal School of War in 1817-25, and 13, 1751, died at Freiberg, Sept. 7, 1821.
from 1818 instructor of vocal music at Church composer, studied at Leipsic, be-
the Grey Convent. He composed motets, came organist of St. Andrew's at Eisleben
chorals, songs, and melodies to von der in 1777, and director of music at Freiberg
Hagen's Minnesiinger, was a contributor to in 1799. Works Andante with variations :
the AUgemeine musikalische Zeitung, and for pianoforte Capiîce for do.; 6 fugues for ;
wrote a treatise on singing. Mendel.

organ and pianoforte Pater noster for sev- ;
FISCHER, JOHANN, born Suabia eral voices Two oratorios for Good Friday
in ;
about 1650, died at Schwedt, Pomerania, Psalms, and many other pieces of church
about 1720. Virtuoso on the violin and music FL'tis; Gerber, N. Lex.; Mendel;
instrumental composer, pupil in composi- Schilling.
tion of Kapellmeister Capricornus at Stutt- FISCHER, JOHANN KASPAR FERDI-
gart, then in Paris much influenced by NAND, born about 1672, died (?). One of
Lulli, for whom he copied music. He the best pianists of his time, Kapellmeister
seems afterwards to have travelled was to the Margrave of Baden about 1720. ;
employed in the Church of the Barefooted Works Le journal du printemps, airs and :
Friars at Augsburg in 1681, and, after long ballets for five parts, and trumpets, op. 1
wanderings through Germany and Courland, (Augsburg, 1696) Das musikahsche Blu- ;
;;
FISCHER
menbiischlein bestebend in 8 Partien unci ceeded in His songs and choral
1859.
eiuer variiiteu Arie, op. 2 Psalmi vespertini ; works, but his male choruses,
esj)ecially
pro toto anno, etc., op. 3 (ib., 1701) Ariadne ; have won him great reputation in Germany.
rausica, etc. (ib., 1710) Der musikaliscbe ; Mendel Riemann.
;
Parnassus (ib., 1738) Preludia et f ugie pro ; FISCHER, MICHAEL GOTTHARDT,

organo per 8 tonos ecclesiasticos (ib.). Fe- born at Alach, near Erfurt, June 3, 1773,
tis ;Gerber, N. Lex. Mendel. ; died there, Jan. 12, 1829. Organist, pupil
FISCHER, JOSEPH, born in Vienna in at Erfurt of Johauu Christian Kittel, the
1780, died at Mauubeim in October, 1862. last discijjle of Sebastian Bach. Having
Basso and vocal composer, sou and j'upil of lived for a short time at Jena, be was re-
tbe famous basso Ludwig Fiscber (1715- called to Erfurt by Baron Dalberg in 1790
1825) and of Barbara Fiscber, bom Strasser. as Conzertmeister, organist at the Church of
Having first appeared in concerts in Berlin, the Barefooted Friars, and conductor of the
be obtained an engagement at tbe tbeatre winter concerts. Afterwards he became
in Manubeim in 1801, tben at Cassel in organist at the Predigerkirche, and in 1816
1803, and two years after started on a professor of thorough bass and the organ
concert tour for Paris, tben tbrougb Ger- at the seminary. Works : Two quartets
many wbere be spent tbe greater
to Italy, for violins, viola, and rioloncello, op. 1
part of bis life as singer and impresario in ; (Offenbach, 1799) ; Symphony in C, for
the latter capacity be was last in Palermo, 11 parts (Hamburg, Lau) ; Grand sonata
whence be retired to Mannheim. He jmb- for pianoforte, op. 3 (Erfurt, Rudoljshi) ;
lisbed ten or twelve books of songs. Fotis ;

12 organ pieces, dedicated to Kittel, op.
Mendel ; Schilling. 4 (ib., 1802) ; 4 symphonies for 11 and
FISCHER, KARL AUGUST, born at 14 imrts, op. 5, 9, 13, 19 Quartet for pi-
;
Ebersdorf, near Chemnitz, Saxony, in 1829, anoforte, viola, and bass, ojj. 6 (Leipsic,
still living, Dramatic and instru- Breitkopf & Hiirtel) Quintet for two violins,
1889. ;
mental composer, and one of tbe most emi- two violas, and bass, op. 7 (ib. ) Concerto for ;
nent organists of the present time jjupil of bassoon and orchestra, op. 8 (ib.) Concerto
;
;
Anacker at Freiberg, made extensive con- for clarinet, or oboe, and bassoon, op. 11
cert tours in 1852-55, and became organist Caprices, rondos, and exercises for piano-
of the orphanage and English churches at forte Five motets Four arias for chorus in ; ;
Dresden. Works Loreley, opera Festi- four parts Evangelisches Choral-Melodien-

: ; ;
val mass Four symphonies for organ with buch

; Eight chorals with accompanying ;
orchestra Three concertos for organ Two canons, for organ Twelve songs with jjiano-
; ; ;
suites for orchestra Compositions for vio- forte About fifty works for the organ, many
; ;
lin and organ, and for violoncello and or- of which are still in use. Fctis Mendel ;
gan.
Mendel Riemann. ; Schilling.
FISCHER, KARL
LUD^^^G, born at FISCHETTI, MATTEO LU^GI, born at
Kaiserslauteru, Bavaria, in 181(3, died at Martina-Franca, Italy, Feb. 28, 1830, died at
Hanover, Aug. 15, 1877. Violinist, pupil Naj)les, December, 1887. Pianist and dra-
of Eichborn at Mannheim in composition, matic composer, pupil of Michele Cerimele
having appeared successfully in public at on the pianoforte, of Raejntropb, Petrella,
the age of eight. He was musical director Moretli, Lillo, and Pappalardo, in harmony
at tbe theatres in Treves, Cologne, Ais-la-and composition taught the pianoforte and ;
Chapelle, Nuremberg, and Wiirzburg, Ka- published about 200 pieces for that instru-
pellmeister at Mainz in 1847-52, then at ment. Other works Operas Aida di Sca- :
the royal theatre in Hanover assistant Ka- fati, Naples, 1873 La Sorrentina, ib., 1873 ; ;
pellmeister with Mai-schner, whom he suc- Uu' altra figlia di Madama Angot, ib., Teatro
la
FISCHHOF

Mercadante, 1874 Vocal melodies. Fetis, Becoming interested in Covent Garden The-
;
Supplement, i. 335 Mendel, Ergilnz., 105. atre through his marriage with a daughter
;
FISCHHOF, JOSEF, bom Butscbo- of Powell the actor, he turned his attention
at
witz, Moravia, Ajiril 4, composition. He was given
1804, died in Vi- to dramatic
enna, June 28, 1857. Pianist, pupil in Vi- the degree of Mus. Doc. at Oxford in 1777,
enna of Anton Halm, on tbe pianoforte, and on the performance there of his oratorio,
of Iguaz vou Seyfried in composition soon Providence. On the death of his wife he ;
became one of the favorite pianoforte made a professional tour through Russia
teachers in Vienna, and in 1833 was ap- and Germany, and in Vienna in 1784 mar-
pointed professor at tbe Conservatorium. ried the singer Anna Selina Storace, but he
He published also several literary works on so ill-treated her that she left him, and the
music. His compositions consist of rondos, Emperor ordered Fisher to quit his domin-
fantasias, variations, Works Operas The Monster of
dances, and marches ions. :
for pianoforte ; Wood, London, 1772 The Sylphs, ib.,

Variations for flute with the ;
pianoforte, guitar, and quartet String 1774 Prometheus, 1776 The Norwood
; ; ;
quartet Songs, etc.

; FOtis
Mendel Mo- Gj'psies, 1777 Music for the opening of
; ; ;
iiatschrift fiir Theater und Musik (Vienna, Macbeth Symphonies Concertos for pi- ; ;
1857), iii. 460. Canzonets Violin and anoforte and oboe ; ;
FISCHIETTI, D03IENIC0, born in Na- flute music. Grove Fetis Mendel. ; ;
jiles in 1729 (1725?), died at Salzburg after FISSOT, ALEXIS HENRY, born at Ai-
1810. Dramatic composer, pupil at the raines (Somme), Oct. 24, 1843, still living,
Conservatorio di San Onofrio. He went to 1889. Pianist and organist, jjupil at the
Dresden in 1766, and his first mass was Conservatoire, Paris, of Marmontel for pi-
given there in that year. Subsequently anoforte, Benoist for organ, Bazin for har-
the Archbishop of Salzburg appoiuted him mony, and of Ambroise Thomas for counter-
his Kapellmeister. Works Operas L' Ab- : point and fugue. He won the 1st pianoforte
bate Collarone, given at Najjles, 1749 H ; prize in 1855, 1st iwize for fugue and organ
fiuto fratello Solimano, Naples, 1753 Lo
; ; in 1859, and many other prizes. He be-
speziale (with Pallavicini), Venice, 1755 11 ;
j
came one of the best organists and pianists
ritorno di Londra, Naples, 1756 H Signer ;
j
in Paris ; is organist of Saint-Vincent-de-
Dottore, ib., 1758; II Siface, ib., 1761 H ; Paul. His pianoforte compositions are nu-
mercato di Malmantile, Dresden, about merous and popular. Fetis, Supplement,
1766 La molinara, Naples, 1768 Ariana
; ; i. 336.
6 Teseo, Dresden, 1769 Nitteti, Naples, ; fitzwillia:\i, edward francis,
1770 Les metamorphoses d' amour, inter-
; born at Deal, England, in 1824, died in
mezzo. Fetis ; Mendel. Loudon, Jan. 20, 1857. He became in 1853
FISH, WILLIAM, born in Norwich, Eng- director of music at the Haymarket Thea-
land, in 1775, died about 1863 or 1864. tre, London, where he produced an oper-
Violinist in the theatre at Norwich, then etta, Love's Alarms, and the music of sev-
principal oboist in the theatre, and leader eral minor pieces. He published a Te
of the band at concerts. Composed songs, Deum, four four-part songs (1855), hymns,
glees, and concertos for various instruments. etc. Grove.
Grove. FIX'D IN HIS EVERLASTING SEAT,
FISHER, JOHN ABRAHAil, born at double chorus in D major in Handel's Sam-
Dunstable, England, 1744, died (?). Violin- son, Part II.
istand dramatic compose!', pupil on the vio- FLACCOmO, GIOVANNI PIETRO,

lin ofPinto made his first appearance in born at Milazzo in Sicily, died in Turin in
;
1765 in a concert at the King's Theatre. 1617. Priest and church composer, maes-
73
FLADT
tro de cappella to Philip in., of Spain. He FLtCUt, JEAN ANDRI^:, born at Mar-
IJublished a collection of sacred music. Fc- seilles, April 23, 1779, died (?). Dramatic
tis ; Gerber ; Meudel ; Walther ; Viotta. composer ; was jjrivate secretary to Jerome
FL.iDT (Flad), ANTON, born in Mann- Bonaparte, and his chamberlainwhen King
heim in 177.5, died in Munich, June 14, of Westphalia. He went with him to Cas-
1850. Oboist, pupil of Friedricb Ramm
sel, and produced there in 1811 an opera,
in Munich, where he succeeded Lebrun in Le troubadour. He wrote also music for

the court orchestra iu 1790. After many the pianoforte and violin, and romances for
concert tours iu Germany, Ital^', France, and the viola. Fetis Mendel. ;
England, he returned to his Munich posi- FLEDERMAUS, DIE (The Bat), German
tion, from which he did not retire until operetta in three acts, text by HafTuer and
1842. Works 3 concertinos for oboe and Richard Genee, music by Johann Strauss,
:
orchestra 8 allemandes and 4 waltzes for first represented in Vienna, and at the
;
two flageolets 24 minor pieces for do. Friedrich-Wilhelmstiidtisches Theater, Ber-

;
Mendel ; Fetis ; Grove. lin, July, 1874. The libretto is an adaptation

FLATTEING TONGUE, soprano air, in of Meilhac and Halevy's Le Ri'veillon. A
B-flat, of Esther in Handel's Egther, Part HI. French version, text by Delacour and
FLAVIO (Flavius), Italian opera in three Wilder, music partly from Die Fledermaus
acts, text by Nicolo Francesco Haym, music and partly from Strauss's Cagliostro, with
by Handel, first represented at the King's some additions, was given in Paris, at the
Theatre, London, May 14, 1723. This Thc'atre de la Renaissance, Oct. 30, 1877,
work, noted for the beauty of its melodies, under the title. La tzigane. Hanslick,
was sung with great success by Senesiuo, Moderne Oper, 338.
Cuzzoui, Durastauti, and Mrs. Anastasia FLfiGIER, ANGE, born in MarseiUes,
Kobinsou. It contains a quintet, said to be Feb. 22, 184G, still living, 1889. Dramatic
the first scenic quintet ever composed. composer, pupil at the Marseilles, and in
Characters represented Flavio, Guido, : 1866 at the Paris Conservatoire, where he
Emilia, Teodata, Vitige, XJgone, Lotario. studied under Bazin and Ambroise Thomas.
The opera was i-evived in 1732, but without In 1870 he settled in Marseilles. Works:
success. The ]MS,, in Buckingham Palace, Fatma, opi'racomique in one act, text by
is dated at the end. May 7, 1723. Published Devoisin, given at the Grand Theatre at
first by Walsh full score by HiindelgeseU- Marseilles, April, 1875
; Franjoise de Ri- ;
schaft (Leipsic, 1875). Rockstro, Handel, mini, cantata ; Overtures ; Choruses Songs, ;
139 ; SchcBlcher, Handel, 70, 90 ; Chry- etc. Fetis ; Supplement, i. 336 Mendel,
;
sander, ii. 96. Ergiinz., xii. 109.

FLECHA (Fleccia), MATTHAEUS, born FLEISCHER, FRIEDRICH GOTTLOB,
iu Prades, Spain, died at the Benedictine born at Cothen, Anlialt, Germany, Jan. 14,
Abbey of Solsoua, Feb. 20, 1604. A Car- 1722, died at Brunswick, April 4, 1806.
melite monk, he became maestro de capilla Pianist, organist, and dramatic and instru-
to the Emperor Charles V., and, after the mental composer, was appointed chamber
abdication of that monarch, lived in monas- musician at Brunswick in 1747, and after-
teries in Hungary and Bohemia. He re- wards became there also organist at the
turned to Spain in 1559, and retired to the Church of Sts. Martin and Egidius, and
Convent of Solsona. Works : Motets, court pianist. He had the reputation of
psalms, and other church music. He was being one of the greatest pianists of Bach's
the author of a treatise, " Libro de Musica school. Works Das Orakel, opera, 1771 ; :
de Punto " (Prague, 1581). Fetis, iii. 270 ;

Music to the drama Comala ; Cantatas
Supplement, i. 336 Mendel Viotta. ; ; (Brunswick, 1760) ; Minuets and polonaises
;
;
FLEISCHMANN
for pianoforte (ib.) ; Sonatas for do. ; Odes Fitzball in turn probably derived the ground-
for solo voice with jiianoforte (ib., work of his plot from a stoiy in Blackwood's
1756).
^Fotis ; Mendel ; Magazine of May, 1821, entitled " Vander-
Schilling.
FLEISCHMANN, FRIEDRICH, born at decken's Message Home or, The Tenacity ;
Heidenfeld, near Wurzburg, Bavaria, July of Natural Affection." The touching denoue-
18, 17G6, died at Meiuiugen, Nov. 30, 1798. ment, however, which Wagner adopted, is
Instrumental and vocal composer, self- Heine's own. In 1810 Wagner submitted
taught became secretary to the Duke of sketches for a libretto on this theme to
;
Meiningen in 1789, and director of the Leon Pillet, director of the Paris Opera,
court orchestra in 1790. Works Die Geis- with the proposal that a French text should
:
terinsel, opera, 179G Several symphonies be prepared for him to set to music. Wag-
;
Pieces for military band Concertos for pi- ;
anoforte Symphonie concertante for do.

;
and violin Variations, songs, etc. Fotis

;
Mendel Schilling. ;
FLEUR DE THE, opt'ra-bouffe in three

acts, text by Chivot and Duru, music by
Charles Lecocq, represented at the Athenue,
Paris, April 11, 1868. Sung by Desire,
Lconce, Sylter, and Miles Irma Marie and
Lucie Cabel.
FLEURS DES LANDES (Moorland
Flowers), 5 melodies for one or two voices
and chorus with pianoforte accompaniment, i
on words by A. de Bouclon, Emile Des-

champs, and Briseux, by Hector Berlioz, op.
13. I. Le matin (Morning) H. Petit oi- ;
seau (Little Bird) IH. Le trebuchet (The ;
Trap) IV. Le jeune jjatre breton (The

;
Young Breton Shepherd) V. Le chant des ;
bretons (Breton Song). Published in 1850

by Richault, Paris. The following are jJub-
Max Stagemann, as Der Fliegende Hollander.
lished separately, with French and German
text :Le matin, Le trebuchet, by Mechetti, ner subsequently sold his rights for 500
Vienna Le patre broton, full score by Ri- francs to Pillet, who had a libretto pre-
;
chault. Jullien, Hector Berlioz (1888), 378. pared by Feucher and Revoil, with music by
FLIEGENDE HOLLANDER, DER(The Pierre Louis Philippe Dietsch, then chorus-
Flying Dutchman), romantic opera in three master at the Opera. The result was Le
acts, text and music by Richard Wagner, vaisseau fantume (The Phantom Ship), in
first represented in Dresden, Jan. 2, 18'13. two acts, which was produced at the Aca-
The subject is from Heinrich Heine's demie Royale de Musique, Nov. 9, 1842. lu
" Memoiren des Herrn von Schnabelewop- the meantime,
Wagner made of the story a
ski," in which the imaginary hero witnesses German libretto and set it to music. It
a play about the " Ahasuerus of the Ocean" was originally intended for one act only,
in an Amsterdam theatre, though Heine but was subsequently cut into three. Wag-
got the outlines of the story from an Eng- ner himself conducted the first perform-
lish play by Fitzball, which he witnessed in ance, which, though not a failure, was not
1827 at the Adelphi Theatre in London. very satisfactory. The work was produced
76
FLIXTOFT
at Cassel, June 5, 1843, by SiôLr, who
Drama, i. 189 Liszt, Gesamml. Schr., iii. b,
rec- ;
ognized its merits, but 147 Wagner, Gesamml. Schr., v. 205, 228.
it failed in Berlin ;
and in Munich, where it was given in 1865. FLINTOFT, LUKE, born in latter half
It was represented in London at Drury of 17th century, died in London (?), Nov.
Lane, 1870, in an Italian version, L' ollan- 3, 1727. He was priest-vicar of Lincoln
dese dannato at the Lyceum, 1876, in Cathedral in 1704-14, gentleman of the
;
English, as the Flying Dutchman and at Chapel Royal in 1715, and reader in W'hite-
;
Covent Garden, 1877, in Italian, as II va- hall Chapel in 1719. His double chant iu
scello fautasma. It was given in English in G minor being the earliest known, he has
New York in 1886 and again in 1887. The the credit of inventing that form of compo-
Flying Dutchman is the commander of a sition. Grove.
mysterious vessel doomed to sail the seas FLITNER (Flittner), JOHANN, born at
until he is loved by a maiden who will be Suhla, Henneberg, Nov. 1, 1618, died in Stral-
faithful unto death. He puts into a port sund, Jan. 7, 1678. He studied theology
at the same time with a Norwegian vessel, and music, became a chorister at Grimmen,
whose captain, Daland, invites him to his near Greifswald, iu 1644, preacher there iu
house. There he meets Senta, Dalaud's 1646, and deacon iu Stralsund. Some of
daughter, who, though affianced to Erik, is his chorals are still iu use. Works Himm- :
fascinated with the stranger and believes lisches Lustgiirtlein (Greifswald, 1601), the
that it is her lot to rescue him from perdi- sixth part being entitled Suscitabulum mu-
tion. He, however, discovers her in an in- sicum, aud containing, Ach, was soil ich
terview with Erik, concludes that she is not SCiuder machen, and other chorals and
true to him, and decides to leave her. But songs. ]Meudel Futis
Winterfeld, Der ; ;
as his vessel sails away Senta throws herself evang. Kirchengesang, ii. 467.
from a cliff into the sea, thus proving con- FL0ERSHEI:M, otto, bom in Aix-la-
stant even in death. The curse is removed, Chajielle, Germany,
the phantom shij) sinks, while the sea grows March 2, 1853, still liv-
calm, and the lovers are seen in the distance ing, 1889. He stud-
rising to happiness together. In the first ied the pianoforte at
act, after the introductory sailors' chorus, the Aix-la-Chapelle under
chief numbers are : The helmsman's soncr, Wungmanu and Laut-
" ilit Gewitter imd Sturm," and the scena of maun, the organ under
the Dutchman, "Die Frist ist um." The Winkelhaus, harmony
second act contains the sjjinniug-song of the uuder Breunuug, and
girls," Summ' uud bruram', du gutes Riid- composition at Co-
chen," and Senta's ballad, " Johohoe traft ! under Ferdi- logne
ihr das Schiff im Meere an," in which she nand Hiller. About 1875 he went to Amer-
tells the storj' of the Dutchman and closes ica, aud since 1880 has been editor of The
;
with a superb duet between Senta and the Musical Courier, New York. He visits Eu-
Dutchman, " Wie aus der Feme," and a ter- rope frequently to attend important musi-
zetto with Daland. The third act opens cal performances, and to get information as
with a sailors' chorus, " Steuermann, lass' to the general condition of musical affairs.
die Wacht." It contains also a dramatic Works Orchestral Prelude and fugue, :
duet between Senta and Erik, " Wass muss 1883 Alia Marcia, 1884 Consolation,
; ;
ich horen ? " and closes with chorus and a 1884 Scherzo, 1887 Elevation, for or-
; ;
trio between Senta, Daland, and the Dutch- chestra and organ, produced at the Milwau-

man. Hueffer, Richard Wagner and the kee Music Festival, 1886. Pianoforte :
Music of the Future Edwards, Lyrical Thi-ee Romances Fina Elegy Wedding
; ; ; ;
78
;
FLOQUET
Marcli ; German
Marcli Three Poetic ;
ralbo, Roseane, Elmira. The MS. score, in
Thoughts Lullaby Valse gracieuse, and
; ;
the Buckingham Palace collection, wants
other pianoforte music Songs. ;
the last chorus and the date. The opera
FLOQUET, fiTIENNE JOSEPH, born was given in Hamburg in 1723, and revived
at Aix, Provence, Nov. 25, 1750, died in in London, March 3, 1733. It was pub-
Paris, May 10, 1785. Dramatic corajjoser, lished first by Walsh full score by Hiin- ;
educated at the maitrise de Saint-Sauveur delgesellschaft (Leipsic, 1876). Roekstro,

of his native town, where he wrote a motet Handel, 137 Schoelcher, 69, 90 Chrysan- ; ;
at theage of eleven went to Paris in 1769, der, ii. 73.

;
obtained great success with his first dra- FLORIMO, FRANCESCO, born at San
matic work, a ballet, in 1773, and soon after Giorgio Morgeto, Calabria, Oct. 12, 1800,
started for Italy, to study counterpoint un- still living, 1889. Church, instrumental, and
der Sala at Naples, and under Padre Mar- vocal composer, and distinguished writer on
tini at Bologna, whei'e he was made a mem- music, pupil of Furno in harmony, of Elia
ber of the Accademia Filarmonica. After ou the pianoforte, and of Zingarelli and
his return to Paris he was fairly successful Tritto in counterpoint and composition, at
with his operas, until vain enough to attempt the Real Collegio di Musica, Naples, of
the composition of Alceste, which was re- which he became librarian in 1826. Works :
jected after one rehearsal, the grief over itTwo cantatas Two Masses Dixit Credo ; ; ;
;
impairing his health. "Works : L'union de Te Deum Overtures Funeral symphony

; ; ;
I'amour et des arts, ballet, given at the Several collections of songs (Milan and Na-
Acadt'mie Royale de Musique, 1773 ; Azolan, ples) ; Vocal method (Metodo di canto, in
ou leserment iudiscret, opera-ballet, ib., use at the Conservatorio, Naples). He is
177-1 Helle, opera, ib., 1779

; Le seigneur ;
author also of Cenno storico sulla Scuola
:
bieufaisant, ib., 1780; La nouvelle Omphale, musicale di Napoli (Naples, 1869-71) and ;
lyrical comedy. Theatre de la Comedie Ita- Riccardo Wagner ed i Wagneristi (ib., 1876).
lienue, 1782 Alceste Te Deum for two
; ;
Fetis do., Supplement, i. 337
; Mendel. ;
choruses and two orchestras. Fetis Men- ; FLORINDO UND DAPHNE. See Dafae.
del ; Schilling. FLORIO, CARYL, born (William James
FLOR, CHRISTIAN, born in 1626, died Robjohn) of English parentage, in Tavis-
at Neuenkirchen, Holstein, in 1697. Or- tock, Devonshire, England, Nov. 3, 1843,
ganist, of great reputation, at the Church of still living, 1889. Organist and pianist,
St. John and Lambertus, Liineburg.
St. self-taught. In 1857 he went to America,
Of his compositions have been preserved : and in 1858-60 (under the name of Rob-
Several wedding-songs, with accompaniment john) was princijjal boy-soprano in Trinity
of two violins and basso continuo, and the Church, New York after his voice broke ;
choral, Auf meinen lieben Gott. Fttis ;

he remained as assistant organist to Dr.
Mendel ; do., Ergiinz., 109. Henry S. Cutler later he became organist ;
FLORENTINISCHE-SINFONIE (Flor- in Trinity Church, Newport, R. I., and then

entine Symphony), for orchestra, by Josejih of a church in Morristown, N. J. At the
Rheinberger, written in 1876. close of this engagement he went on the
FLORIDANTE, Italian opera in three stage, appearing in the Western States. In
acts, text by Paolo Rolli, music by Handel, 1869 he returned to New York as solo bari-
first represented at the King's Theatre, tone in Zion Church. Since then he has
London, Dee. was sung by been organist successively of St. Luke's,
9, 1721. It
Senesino, and Mrs. New York
Baldassari, Mount Calvary, Baltimore
Boschi, ;
Anastasia Robinson. Characters repre- Brick Church, New York Zion Church, ;
sented Floridante, Oronte, Timante, Co- New York

: then returned to the Brick ;
77
:
FLORSCIIUTZ
CliurcL, where he is at present (1889). returned in 1863, having meanwhile held
He has appeared as pianist quite often in the oflice of intendaut of court music at
New York, and has conducted orchestras __ Schwerin, to which the
and choruses both in New York and in Grand Duke of Meck-
Havana, Cuba. Works Inferno, operetta, : lenburg appointed him
1871 Les Tours deMercure, operetta, 1872
; ;
in 1856. In 1868 he
Suzanne, operetta, 187G Gulda, opera, ;
settled on an estate near
1879 Uncle Tom, opera, 1882, produced in
;
Vienna, spending his
Philadelphia 2 symphonies. No. 1 in G,
;
winters alternately in
1887, No. 2 in C minor, 1887 (both per- that city, in Paris, and
formed by Theodore Thomas in New York, in Italy. His operas are
March 1888) 2 overtures, occasional,
27, ; distinguished for melo-
^
187'4, triumphal, 1877 2 string quartets. ;
dious invention, grace-
No. 1 in C, 1873, No. 2 in F, 1874 i so- ful forms, and pleasing instrumentation;
natas for pianoforte and violin, No. 1 in A, on the whole, iDre-emineutly Italian in char-
1871, No. 2 in F
minor, 1872, No. 3 in C, acter, more effective than deep he must ;
1884, No. 4 in G, 188.5 Pianoforte concerto be esteemed the most popular represen-
;
in A-flat, 1875-8G (performed in New York, tative of the lyric and comic opera in Ger-
March 27,1888) 2 quartets for saxojDhones, many since Kreutzer and Lortzing. He
;
1879 (performed in New York, April, 1880). composed also some overtures, chamber
Two cantatas : Song of the Elements, 1872 music, and songs. Works Pien-e et Ca- :
(performed in Brooklyn, 1872) ; Bridal of therine, given at the Theatre de I'Hotel de

Triermain, 1886. Castellane, 1836 Seraphina, Chateau de ;
FLORSCHUTZ, EUCHAEIUS, born at Royaumont, 1836 Die Bergknappen (The ;
Lauter, near Coburg, in 1757, died at Ros- Miners) Rob Roy, given at a chateau near ;
tock, Mecklenburg, 1820. Organist, num- Paris Le naufrage de la Meduse (with ;
bered among the most favourite instru- Pilati), Theatre de la Renaissance, 1839 (54
mental composers of the time, about 1780, times), and at Hamburg (under the title
and became organist of St. James's, Rostock, Die Matrosen, rewritten entirely by Flo-
after 1792. Works Der Richter und die tow), 1845 La duchesse de Guise, Theatre
: ;
Giirtnerin, operetta, given at Liibeck, 1792 Ventadour, 1840, and at Schwerin, 1841 ; ;
Sonatas for pianoforte (4 hands) Fugues Le forestier. Opera Comique, 1840, Vienna
;
for do. Duets and trios for violin and flute (under the title Der Forster), 1847, London
; ;

Church music. Futis Mendel Schilling. (as Leoline), 1848 L'esclave de Camoiins,
; ; ;
FLOTOW, FRIEDRICH, Freihcrr VON, Opera Comique, 1843 Lady Harriet, ballet ;
born at Rentendorf, ]\Iecklenburg, April 27, (with Burgmiiller and Deldevez), Opera,
1812, died at Darmstadt, Jan. 24, 1883. 1843 Alessandro Stradella, Hamburg, Dec. ;
Dramatic comfDoser, pupil of Reicha at the 30, ,1844 h'dme en peine. Opera, 1846 ; ;
Conservatoire, Paris, returned to Mecklen- Martha, Vienna, Nov. 25, 1847 Die Gross- ;
burg at the outbreak of the July revolution, fUrstin, Berlin, 1850 ludra, Berlin and ;
but a few j'ears later went again to Paris, Frankfort, 1853, Riga, 1855; Riibezahl,
where his first dramatic efforts were brought Frankfort, 1854 Hilda, 1855 Albin, Vi- ; ;
out at some of the smaller theatres in 183G. enna, 1856 Veuve Grapin, operetta, ;
His first noteworthy success was Le nau- Bouffes Parisiens, 1859 Pianella, do., ;
frage de la Meduse, in 1839, but his fame Theatre Dejazet, 1860 Wintermiirchen, ;
rests chiefly on Alessandro Stradella and Vienna, 1862 Die Libelle, ballet, ib., ;
Martha. The March revolution of 1848 1866 Zilda, Paris, Opera Comique, 1866 ; ;
drove him once more from Paris, whither he Tannkonig, ballet, Dai-mstadt, 1867 Am ;
78
; ;
FLUCHT
Runenstein (with Genee), Prague, 1868 ;
beck, then at Stettin, 1840-50 ; was called to
liombre, Paris, Opi'ra Comique, 1870 ;
Neuwied to teach at the seminary in 1850,
Nakla, Milan, Teatro Manzoni, 1873 II fior ; received the title of roj'al director of music
(T Harlem, Turin, Teatro Vittorio Emauuele, ,
iu 1856, and returned to Stettin as Cantor
1876; L'Encliaute- and organist of
resse (Indra rewrit- the Schloss-
ten), Paris and Lon- kirche in 1859.
don, 1878, given in He has contrib-
Italian as Rosellaua uted also a
(posthumous). Alma number of ex-
r Incantatrice, and in cellent articles
German as Die Hese to musical pe-
riodicals. Works Concert overture for or-
:
/^^
chestra ; String quartet Thirty-five books
;
of comjjositions for pianoforte ; Six do. for

organ Nine do. of songs Sacred and sec-
; ;
ular songs for mixed, and male choruses ;
Priiludienbuch (112 preludes), etc. Fetis ;
Der Graf Saint-Megrin (posthumous), given Mendel ; Riemann.

at Cologne, Januarj-, 1884 ; Die Musikanten FLYING DUTCHMAN, THE. See
(discovered at Mannheim, 1887, given at FUegcnde Hollander.

Magdeburg, 1888). Clement, Mus.celebres, FODOR, ANTOON, born at Venloo in
575 Fetis do.. Supplement, i. 338 Illustr. 1775, died in Amsterdam, Feb. 22, 1846.
; ; ;
Zeitg. (1883), i. 117 Mendel Riemann.

;
Pianist, studied in Mannheim, whence he
;
FLUCHT DER HEILIGEN FAMILIE, went, about 1792, to Amsterdam. He wrote

DIE (The Flight of the Holy Family), can- Numa Pompilius, the first national opera
tata, for chorus aud orchestra, by l\Iax given in Holland, and comjjosed a great
Bruch, op. 20, 1863. deal of pianoforte music. He was a mem-

FLUGEL, ERNST PAUL, born at Stet- ber of the Netherland Institute, conductor
tin, Aug. 31, 1844, still living, 1889. In- at the German Theatre of Amsterdam, 1814,
strumental and vocal composer, sou and -^w- and dii-ector of the Felix Meritis Society.
pil of Giistav Fliigel, and iu 1862-63 pupil Fetis, iii. 279
do.. Supplement, i. 339 ; ;
in Berlin at the Royal Institute for Church Gregoir, Mus. Neerlandais, 75 Mendel ;
Music and at the Academy, then of Billow, Viotta.

Flodoard Geyer, and Kiel lived as music FODOR, JOZEF, born at Venloo, in
;
teacher at Treptow and Greifswald, became 1752, died iu St. Petersburg, Oct. 3, 1828.
organist and vocal instructor at Preuzlau in Violinist, brother of Antoon Fodor, pupil in
1867, and cantor at the Bernhardinkirche in Berlin in 1766 of Franz Benda. He trav-
Breslau in 1879. Works The 121st psalm, elled in Germany and the Netherlands, was
:
op. 22 Mahomet's Gesang, op. 24 Trio in Paris iu 1790, aud lived in St. Peters-
; ;
for pianoforte, op. 25 Organ and pianoforte burg in 1794r-1828.

;
Works: Concertos;
pieces, and songs. Riemann. Solos Duos Quartets for strings and ;
;
FLUGEL, GUSTAV, born at Kloster- much violin music (Paris, Berlin, Vienna,
Nienburg, Anhalt, July 2, 1812, still living, Amsterdam). Grove Fetis Gregoir, Mus. ; ;
1889. Organist, pupil of Cantor Thiele at Neerlandais, 74 Mendel Viotta. ; ;
Altenburg, and of Friedrich Schneider at FOERSTER, ADOLPH MARTIN, born,

Dessau from 1830 he taught successively at of German parentage, in Pittsburgh, Penn-
;
Nienburg, COthen, Magdeburg, and Schone- sylvania, Feb. 2, 1854, still living, 1889.
79
rr
FOGAgA
He studied the pianoforte as a boy under Fetis, there is an immense amount in MS,
his mother, and later under Jean Manns. scattered throughout the churches of Italy.
In 1872 he went to Europe and studied, at He was one of the first musicians to write
the Leipsic Conservatorium, the pianoforte tonal fugues, and the last who remained
under Coccius and Wenzel, singing under faithful to the traditions of Palestrina.
Grill and Schimon, and theorj' under E. F. Works : Motets ; Masses ; Psalms ; Lita-
Richter and Papperitz. Returning in 1875, nies, for 2 to 9 voices, published iu Rome
he taught in the Fort Wayne Conservatory from 1640 to 1681. His motets are in the
of Music during 1875-76, then settled in Spiridione collection. Grove ; Fetis, iii.
Pittsburgh, where he still resides. He was 284 do., Supiplemeut,

; i. 340 ; Larousse ;
conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphonic So- Mendel.

cietj-, 1878-79, and of the Pittsburgh Musi- FOGLIANI, LUDOVICO, born in Mod-
cal Union, 1883. Works Thusnelda,ena close of the 15th century, died there
: op. 10,
for orchestra, first played in Baltimore, Feb. about 1539. Composer, whose songs for
11, 1882 Quartet, op. 21, for pianoforte, several voices are found in Petrucci's
;
violin, viola, and violoncello Fautasie, op. "Frottole" (Venice, 1504-1508).

; In one
15, for violin and pianoforte Romanza, op. of his songs each of the four voices, cantus,
;
17, for violin and jsianoforte ; Andante, op. altus, tenor, and bassus, sings different
3 ; Valse cajjrice, op. 5 ; Nocturne, op. 7 ;

words. He was a learned writer for his
Three Sonatinas, op. 14 Pianoforte music ; ;
time. He was the author of Musica the-
Songs Part-songs, and choruses.
; orica (1529), a treatise on the theory of
F0GA(;A, JOAO, bom at Lisbon in 1589, sound. Fetis ; Biog. Gen., xviii. 35 Bur- ;
died there about 1G58. Church composer, ney. Hist., iii. 157 ; Mendel Riemann, 268
;
;
pupil of Duarte Lobo, entered a monastic Viotta.

order, and lived afterwards in a convent at FOIGNET, CHARLES GABRIEL, born
Ossa. His works are in the royal library at in Lyons in 1750, died in Paris in 1823.
Lisbon.
Mendel Vasconcellos. ; Dramatic comjjoser, studied music from au
FOGGIA, FR.VNCESCO, born in Rome early age, and in 1779 went to Paris where
in 1604:, died there, he taught singing, the harpsichord, and the
Jan. 8, 1688. Church harp. He wrote many operettas for the
composer, pupil of small Paris theatres, and became director,
Cifra, Nanini, and iu 1797, of the Thuatre des Jeuues Artistes.
Agostini. He was He was director also of the Theatre Mon-
Kapellmeister to the tansier until 1802, when he gave it up.
Elector of Cologne, The Jeunes Artistes was closed by the edict
of 1807. For a list of his operas, which
to the Elector of Ba-
and then to the are now forgotten, see the supplement to
varia,
Archduke Leopold of Fetis. He published also vocal music with
Austria. On his return to Italy he became lîanoforte or violin accompaniment. Fe-
successively maestro di capjjella at the Ca- tis do., Supplement, i. 340 Mendel. ; ;
thedrals of Narni and Montefiascone, and FOIGNET, FRANgOIS, born in Paris

of the following churches iu Rome S. M. in about 1780, died in Strasburg, July 22,
:
Aquiro, S. M. in Trastevere, S. Giovanni in 1845. Dramatic composer and singer, sou

Laterano (1636-1661), S. Lorenzo in Dama- and puj)il of the preceding, made his debut,
so, and S. M. Maggiore (1677), remaining at when yet a child, at the Theatre des Jeunes
the last until his death. He was a prolific I^leves, and, besides comic operas, wrote
composer of church music. Besides his the music for a number of pantomimes and
published works, a list of which is given in melodramas. From 1806 he sang in vari-
80
;
FOLKUNGER
ous provincial theatres, after 1829 in the FONTANA, GIOVANNI BATTISTA,
South of France, especially at Angoulome, Italian composer, living in 1G60. He pub-
where he was manager of the theatre. He lished a collection of sonatas, for two or
died in poverty at the hospital. Works La : three violins with bass (Venice, IGll). Ac-
noce de Lucette, Theatre Montansier, 1799 cording to Hart, these sonatas furnish the ;
Le gondolier, ouearliest indication of the removal of the

la soiree venitienne, ib.,
1800 Le chat hotte, ou les vingt-quatre violin as a solo instrument to a higher
;
heures d"Arlequin, feerie. Theatre des Jeunes sphere of composition. Fetis Hart, The ;
Artistes, 1802 Le retour inattendu, ou le Violin, 172 ; Mendel, iii. 590 do., Ergilnz.,
; ;
mari revenant, ib., 1802 ; Eaymond de Tou- sii. 110.

louse, ou le retour de la Terre sainte, gi'aud FONTANA, URANIO, born at Iseo, Italy,
opera (with his father), Riquet November, 1815, still living, 1889. Dra-
ib., 1802 ;
a la houpjie, fairy ojjera, ib., 1802 La matic composer, pupil at the Milan Conser- ;
uaissance d'Arlequin, ou Arlequiu dans un vatorio. His opera seria, Isabella di Lara,
ceuf, do., ib., 180.3 Arlequiu a Maroc, ou la given in Rome, 1837, first brought him into
;
pyramide enchantce, do., ib., 1801 L'oi- notice. He then produced in Paris, 1810, ;
seau bleu, do. His brother Gabriel, born another work, Le Zingaro, and soon after
in Paris, 1790, has made a name for himself became director of the Italian theatre in
as a virtuoso on the harp.
Fetis do., Sup- Athens, but returned to Italy in 1811, and
;
plement, i. 311 Mendel. ; gave in Padua his Giulio d' Este (1812).
FOLKUNGER, DIE (The Folkuugs), His best work is I Baccanti, written for La
grand H. Mo-
ojsera in five acts, text by S. Scala, Milan, 1849. He was professor of
senthal, music by Edmund Kretschmer, first singing at the Paris Conservatoire in 1856-
represented at the Court Theatre, Dresden, 65. Fetis, iii. 289 ; do., Supplement, i. 342 ;
April, 1874. Scene, in Sweden. Time, end Mendel Viotta.;
of thirteenth century. Characters repre- FONTEI, NICOLO, born at Orzinuovi,

sented : Magnus, son of King Eric of Swe- Italy, in 1597,died (?). He wrote masses,
den Maria, niece of Eric Karin, nurse psalms, etc., published in Venice (1634-
; ; ;
Lars Olasson, castellan of the Castle of 1647), and Bizzarrie poetiche for 1, 2, and 3
Borgniis Bengt, Duke von Schoonen Sten voices, three books, the two last in Venice
; ;
Petrik, his confidant Ansgar, Abbot of (1636-39). Fetis Van der Straeten, i. 61
; ;
Kloster Nydal. This, Kretschmer's first op- Mendel ; Viotta.

era,, had a fair run, but has now disappeared. FONTENELLE, GRANGES DE, born at
FONTAINE, ANTOINE NICOLAS MA- Villeneuve d'Agen (Lot-et-Garonue), France,
EIE, born in Paris in 1785, died at Saint- in 1769, died there in 1819. Dramatic com-
Cloud, Ajiril, 18GG. Violinist, pupil of his poser, first instructed in his native town,
and of Lafont, Kreutzer, and Baillot. then in Paris pupil of Rey in harmony and
father,
He entered the Conservatoire in 1806, and of Sacchini in composition. Works La :
won the 1st violin prize in 1809 studied montagne, ou la fondation du temple de ;
harmony under Catel and Daussoigne and la Liberte, opera, given in Paris, Opera,
composition under Reicha. 1800 Medee et
After a profes- 1793 ; Hecube, do., ib., ;
sional tour of ten years, 1813 Circe, cantata

he settled in Paris Jason, do. (1802), ib., ; ;
in 1825 as teacher of the violin, and was Priam aux pieds d'Achille, do. Other can- ;
solo violin to Charles X. until the revolu- tatas Quartets for violin. Fetis do., Sup- ;
;
tion of 1830. He published a great deal of plement, i. 312 Mendel. ;
violin music, and some church music. Fe- FONTjNHCHEL, hippolyte hono-
tis, iii. 288 ; do., Supplement, i. 312 ; Men- RE JOSEPH COURT DE, born at Grasse
del ; Yiotta. (Var), May 5, 1799, died (?). Dramatic com-
&
:; ;
FOOTE
poser, puj)il of Chelard at the Conservatoire, in C for pianoforte ; Marche des Guides
Paris, won the second prize for composition Larghetto and rondo capriccioso in E La
;
iu 1822, and %-isited Italy. Works Ainadeo

: de perles Nocturnes, waltzes, and
pluie ;
il Grande, gi%'en at Genoa; I due Forzati, other works for pianoforte. Brown.
Leghoi'n H Gitano, Marseilles, 1835 Le
;
FORBES, HENRY, born in London in
;
chevalier de Canolle, Paris, Ojêra Comique, 1804, died there, Nov. 24, 1859. Pianist
183G Amleto, not performed Choruses for and organist, brother of George Forbes,
; ;

the Amalocites of Chateaubriand. Fetis; pupil of Sir George Smart, Hummel, Mo-
do., Supplement, i. 342 MendeL ; scheles, and Herz. He was conductor of
FOOTE, AETHUR (^\TLLIAM), born, of the Societa Armonica and organist of St.
American parents, iu Salem, Mass., March Lukes, Chelsea. Works The Fairy Oak, :
5, 1853, still living, 1889. Graduated at opera, given at Drury Lane, London, 1845 ;
Harvard University in 1874, studied the Ruth, oratorio, London, 1847 National ;
pianoforte and organ under B. J. Lang, Psalmody, a collection of psalm tunes for
and harmony and composition under four voices Songs, etc. Grove. ;
Stephen A. Emery and John K. Paine. Has FORD, THOMAS, English composer of
been, since 1878, organist of the First Uni- 17th century, buried, London, Nov. 17,
tarian Church, Boston.
Works Vocal 1648. He was one of the musicians of
The Fareirell of Hiawatha, for male chorus Prince Henry, son of James I., and also of
and orchestra, Boston, May 12, 1886 Tlie Charles I. He published a work entitled,
;
Wreck of the Hesperus, for soli, mixed " Musicke of Sundrie Kindes, set forth in
chorus, and orchestra, ib., Jan. 2G, 1887; two Bookes. The first whereof are Aires for
Numerous songs and part-songs. Instru- 4 Voices to the Lute, Orpharion, or Basse-
mental String quartet in G minor, op. 4
: Viol, etc. The second are Pavens, Galiards,
;
Trio for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello Thumpes and such like for two Basse Viols,
in C minor, op. 5 Serenade for strings, op. the Liera Way," etc. This work contains
;
12 ; Overture, /;( the Mountains, op. 14 ; the beautiful four-part songs :

" Since first I
Concerto for violoncello saw your face," and, "There is a ladie sweet
and orchestra
Several fugitive pieces for pianoforte, for and kind." He contributed to Leighton's
violin, and for violoncello. " Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowfull
FORAN SYDENS KLOSTER (Before Soule " (1614) and composed canons and ;
the South Convent), cantata for soli, female rounds which are printed in Hilton's
chorus, and orchestra, by Edvard Grieg, " Catch that Catch Can," and an anthem in
op. 20. Subject from Bjorustjerne BjOrn- the Anthems by Madrigal Composers of the
sou's "Aruljot Gelline." Translated iuto Music Antiquarian Society. Grove Fetis ; ;
German as Vor der Klosterpforte, by F. von Jilendel.

Holstein, and published by E. W. Fritzsch FORGUES, VICTOR ESPRIT I5mILE,
(Leipsic, 1877). Wochenblatt (1877), 226. born in Paris, Sept. 26, 1823, still living,
FOE, AS IN ADAM ALL DEE, short 1889. Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire
chorus in D minor, iu Handel's llcssiah, under Goblin, Laurent, Zimmermann, and
Part in. usually sung as an unaccompa- Leborne. He won the 1st prize for piano-
;
nied quartet of solo voices. forte in 1840 has played with great success ;
FORBES, GEORGE, born in London, at concerts in Paris and other cities. He

JiUy 1, 1813, died there, Sept. 11, 1883. has jjublished morceaux de genre, and a col-
Pianist, pupil of his brother Henry and of lection of 12 iStudes. Fetis, Supplement,
Sir George Smart. He gave concerts with i. 343.
his brother in London in 1831-44 and after- FOR HE SHALL GIVE HIS ANGELS.
wards on his own account. Works Sonata See Deiin er hat seiuen Engelu.
:
FORKEL
FORKEL, JOHANN NICOLAUS, born Conservatorio, Naples, of Furno, Tritto, and
at Meeder, near Coburg, Feb. 22, 1749, Zingarelli, became bandmaster of a regi-
died in GOttiiigen, March 17, 1818. The ment, and afterwards was aj^pointed direc-
son of a shoemaker, he received some in- tor of music of the royal army, also inspec-
struction from a chorister of his native place tor of the classes in wind instruments at
and then taught himself. He became choir- the Conservatorio. Works : Oh ! quante
boy at Liineburg in 1762, and Chorprilfect imposture, opera buft'a, Naples, Teatro
at Schwerin in 17GG went to GOttingen in
; Nuovo, 1829 Un matrimonio per medieina, ;
17G9 to study law, but soon devoted him- 1829 L'avvocato in angustie, farce, ib.,
ib., ;
self to music again, and was appointed or- 1831 La vedova scaltra, ib., 1831 ; Ro- ;
ganist of the University Church, and in 1778 berto di Costanzo, ib., Teatro Sau Carlo,
musical director to the university, which 1839 Several ballets, ib. Masses, vespers,
; ;
gave him the doctor's degree in 1780. He litanies, a Te Deum, and other church mu-
was the earliest of the musical historians sic.

Futis, Supplement, i. 343.
of Germany, and showed great energy in FORONI, JACOPO, born at Verona, July
amassing materials with, sometimes, a want 25, 1825, died at Stockholm, Sept. 8, 1858.
of the critical faculty in digesting them. Dramatic and instrumental composer, son
Woi-ks Hiskias, oratorio 2 cantatas Die and probably pupil of Domenico Foroni,
: ; :
Machtder Harmonie and DieHirteu bei der church composer (179G-1853) introduced ;
Krij^pe zu Bethlehem Choruses Symj^ho- the symphony for orchestra into Italy, and
; ;
nies, concertos, and pianoforte sonatas. composed several meritorious works in this
Among his historical and critical writings form. In 1849 he was called to Stockholm
are :
" Ueber die Theorie der Musik " (GOt- as royal director of mvisic. Works Mar- :
tingen, 1771) " Musikalisch-kritische Bibli- gherita, opera, given in Milan, 1847
; Les ;
othek"(Gotha,1778); "Musikalischer Alma- gladiateurs, do., Stockholm, about 1855 ;
nach f iir Deutschland " (Leipsic, 1782, 1783, L'avocat Pathelin, do. (unfinished) Three ;
1784, 1789); "Allgemeine Geschichte der overtures for grand orchestra Several sym- ;
Musik " (ib., 1788-1801), his greatest work, phonies for do. Pianoforte pieces. Fetis ; ;
though imfiuished " Allegemeine Litera- Mendel.

;
tur der Musik" (ib., FORSTER, ALBAN, born at Reichen-

1792), the first biblio-
graphical attempt of
the kind; "Johann
AArt bach. Saxony, Oct. 23, 1849, still living,
1889. Pupil of R, Blume and, at the Con-
servatorium, Dresden (1866-69), of Eietz in
Sebastian Bach's Leb- composition, of Lauterbach on the violin,
en, Kunst und Kunst- and of Diiring on the pianoforte. Having
werke" (ib., 1802, English translation, held positions at Carlsbad, Breslau and
London, 1820). Mendel Schilling FOtis Stettin, he went as court musician to Neu-
; ; ;
Grove Allgem. d. Biogr., vii. 155.

; Strelitz in 1871. Besides an operetta. Das
FORNABI, VINCENZO, born at Naples, Fliistern, given at Neu-Strelitz, 1875, he has
May 11, 1848, still living, 1889. Dramatic written 2 string quartets, 2 trios, soli for
composer, pupil of Luigi Siri on the piano- violin and for violoncello, some orchestral
forte and of Battista in composition. His works, and pianoforte jîeces and songs.
opera, Maria di Torre, was given at Naples, Mendel, Ergiinz., 111.
Teatro Filarmonico, 1871. Fctis, Supple- FORSTER, CHRISTOPH, born at Bebra,
ment, i. 343. Thuringia, Nov. 30, 1693, died at Rudol-
FORNASINI, NICOLA, born at Bari, stadt, Dec. 6, 1745. Organist, pupil in his
Aug. 17, 1803, died at Naples, June 24, native town of the organist Pitzler on the
18G1. Dramatic composer, pupil at the pianoforte and organ, then at Weissenfels
FOIiSTER
of Heinichen in tliorougb bass and compo- Germany, Holland, and France, he entered,
sition, and at Kaufimann in iu 1671, the Chapel of the Council at Ham-
Merseburg of
counterpoint. In 1719 he went to Dresden, burg as tenor singer, and a few years later
was in Prague during the coronation festiv- was engaged for the theatre there, as singer,
ities in 1723, and became Kapellmeister at composer, and poet. In 1680 he became
Eudolstadt in 1745. He composed over Kapellmeister to the Duke of Sclileswig at
300 works, consisting of cantatas, sympho- Gottoi^j, went in the same year to Kiel, to
nies, overtures, and pianoforte and organ take his diploma as doctor, and practised
pieces.
Fctis Mendel Schilling.
; medicine at Husum, Schleswig, etc. was
;
;
FOKSTER, EJIANUEL ALOYS, born at made court physician to the aforenamed

Niederstein (at Neurath, according to Men- duke in 1689, and to the Bishop of Eutin in
del), Silesia, Jan. 26, 1748, died in Vienna, 1694, living at Liibeck from 1705. Works
Nov. 12, 1823. Self-taught, he went to Vi- Operas Crosus, given at Hamburg, 1684 :
;
enna in 177G, and became a vei-y successful Das unmOgliche Ding, ib., 1685 Alexander ;
teacher of thorough bass and composition. in Sidon, Eugenia, Polyeuct, ib., 1688 Kaiu ;
Beethoven esteemed him highly. Works: und Abel, Xerxes, Cimbria, ib., 1689 Tha- ;
48 string quartets and quintets Quartets lestris, Aucile Romano, Bajazeth und Tam-
;
for pianoforte and strings Pianoforte so- erlan, Don Quixote, ib., 1690.
; Concertos
natas and pieces Cantata and songs Va- for harpsichord. Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; ; ; ;
riations on an air- from Sarti's opera, I finti FORTUNATI, GIOVANNI FRANCES-

Eredi, which were long attributed to Mozart. CO, born at Parma, Feb. 24, 1746, died (?).
He was the author of "Anleitimg zum Ge- Dramatic composer, pupil of Omoboni Ni-
neralbass" (1802, 1805, 1824), with 146 ex- colini the elder, and in Bologna of Padre
amples, a work of considerable value.
Men- Mai-tini. He brought out his first opera in
del Ft'tis Wurzbach.
; ;
Parma, 1769, was made maestro di capjsella
PORTIA DE
PILES, Comte AL- to the court, vocal instructor to the Arch-
PHONSE, born in Marseilles, Aug. 18, duchess Amalia, and director of the opera.
1758, died at Sisteron, Feb. 18, 1826. Having composed operas for many Italian
Dramatic composer, pujîl of Ligori. The cities, he went to Germany, lived in Dres-
last member of the noble family of his den, and finally went to Berlin, as com-
name, he was an officer of the regiment du poser to Friedrich Wilhelm II. On his
Roy and governor of Marseilles before the return to Parma he resumed his former
Revolution. Works Ojjeras
La fi'e Ur- position at the court and the principal the-
:
gi-le, Nancy, 1784 V<.'nus et Adonis, ib., atre, and held them initil the death of
;
1784 Le pouvoir de I'amour, ib., 1785 Louis Ferdinand in 1802. He was one of
; ;
L'officier franjais a I'armee, ib., 1786 ; 8 so- the original members of the musical sec-
natas for pianofoiie, with violin and violon- tion of the Academy of Ai-ts and Sciences in
cello ; Trios for violin ;
Quartets for violin ;
Italy, founded in 1810. Works : I caccia-
SymjAony La-
for full orchestra. Fotis ; tori e la vendilatte, given at Parma, 1769 ;
rousse ; Biog. Gt'n., Mendel. xviii. 221 ; L'incontro inaspettato, ib., about 1800 La ;
FOETSCH, JOHANN PHILIPP, born at contessa per equivoco ; Ipermestra. Fe-

Wertheim, Franconia, May 14, 1652, died tis ; Mendel.
at Ltibeck after 1708. Dramatic composer, FOR UNTO US A CHILD IS BORN,
pupil at Weissenfels of Johann Philipp G major, in Handel's 3fessiah,
chorus in
Krieger, and completed his musical train- Part L
ing under different masters while studying FORZA DEL DESTINO, LA, Italian op-
medicine at Frankfort, Jena. Helmstiidt, era seria in four acts, text by Piave, music
Ei-furt, and Altdorf. Having travelled in by Verdi, first represented in St. Peters-
84
FOSSA
burg, Nov. 10, 1862. The libretto is adapted they show great delicacy and original con-
from a romantic drama of the same title, ception.
Mendel.
in five acts, by Don Angelo Saavedra, duque FOSSA (de Fossis, De Ca Fossis, Da Fos-
de Rivas, plaj-ed in Madrid in 1835. The sa), PIERRE DE, Flemish composer of the
opera was produced in Loudon, at Her Maj- 16th century, died in Rome in 1527. He is
esty's Theatre, June 22, 1867 and in Paris,
; the first recorded maestro di cappella of S.
Theatre Itahen, Oct. .31, 187G, with a Marco, Venice, having immediately preceded
at the
new overture and changes in the test by Adrien Willaert of Bruges. He had pre-
Verdi. The action takes place in Spain. viously been a singer in the papal choir from
Don Alvarez, sou of the viceroy of Peru, about 1485, and in 1491 was director of the
enamoured of Donna Leonora de Vargas, music of the chapel and of the maitrise.
daughter of the Marchese di Calatrava, acci- He was thus the first chorodidascalus and
dentally kills the marquis, who tries to pre- first phonascus of that celebrated church.
vent their elopement. Donna Leonora re- Though noted in his day as a composer,
tires into a convent and Don Carlos, her none of his works have survived. He is
brother, vows vengeance against Don Alva- celebrated by Pietro Contarini in " Argo
rez. After having been sworn friends in vulgare " for his songs, and he is said to
the war in Italy, both being under assumed have written a cantata for the marriage of
names, Don Carlos Anne Condola of Aquitaine with Ladislas,
at last discovers his iden-
tity and forces him to fight him. Don Car- King of Hungary and Bohemia, 1502, which
los is wounded and Don Alvarez goes into a was preserved in the archives of that queen.
monastery under the name of Padre Eaffaele.
Van der Straeten, La Musique au Pays
Don Carlos, recovered from his wound, seeks Bas, vi. 182 Mendel Viotta. ; ;
his retreat and endeavours, by every insult, FOSSEY, LEON, born in Paris, March
to make him fight again. Padre Raffaele 17, 1829, died there in February, 1877.
bears his taunts with saintly patience, but Dramatic composer, joupil of Elwart at the
at last, goaded beyond endurance, seizes the Conservatoire, where he took the second
sword Don Carlos offers him and, going prize for harmony in 1849. He was for
without the monastery walls, fights and many years chef d'orchestre of the Theatre
mortally wounds him. Leonora, who has de la Gaite. Works Pomme d'api, ope- :
witnessed the combat from her window, retta, Gaite, 1859 Marcel et Cie, do., Bouft'es ;
rushes upon the scene as her brother falls Parisiens, 1867. Fetis, Supplement, i. 345.
and, while ofl'ering aid, is stabbed by him, FOSTER, STEPHEN COLLINS, born,
and Don Alvarez, losing his reason at the of American parent-
dreadful sight, throws himself from a prec- age, in Lawrenceville
ipice. In the final form of the opera, as (now part of Pitts-
given in Paris, the denouement is changed burgh), Pennsylvania,
so that Alvarez does not kill himself.
Hans- July 4, 1826, died in
lick, Moderne Oper, 242 ; Larousse, viii. New York, Jan. 13,
631. 1864. His early mu-
FOSSA (Defossa), JOANNES DE, born in sical education was
the Netherlands in the 16th century, died at acquired at home,
Munich in 1603.Church composer, became and later he had
assistant Kapellmeister at Munich in 1.569, some instruction
under Orlando Lasso, after whose death from local teachers,
he acted as Ober-Kapellmeister from 1594 and was, in his own
until 1602. Masses and motets of his com- way, a close student of the works of the
position are in the royal library of Munich ;
great composers. During 1850-51 he lived
;
FOUQUE
for a time in New York aiiLl Hoboken, but organist, self-taught ; was organist at Ames-
in 1851 returned to Pittsburgh ; in 18G0 he bury, then at Crawley, Sussex, and from
again went to New York,
where he remained 1856 engaged as editor and publisher. Re-
until his death. Foster occupies a place sides at Ryde, Isle of Wight. Works Five :
of his own among American song-writers cantatas Four volumes of anthems do. of ;
; ;
few musical compositions appeal so directly organ voluntaries Twelve marches for ;
to the popular heart as his, and none have special seasons Two sei-vices, etc.
;
become more universally known or been in FRA DIAVOLO, ou I'hoteUerie de Ter-

more general use. His first published com- racine (The Inn of Teiracina), opcra-co-
position, written when he was about seven- mique in three acts, text by Scribe, music by
teen years old, was a serenade, Open thy Auber, first represented at the Opera Co-
lattice, love (1842). The Old Folks at mique, Paris, Jan. 28, 1830. Fra Diavolo
Home, often called The Suwanee Kiver, was was the sobriquet of Michele Pezza, a Cala-
composed in the summer of 1851, and was brian bandit, who was pardoned in 1799 and
purchased by the negro-minstrel Edwin P. became a colonel in the Neapolitan army,
Christy, who published it as "written and but was captured 1806 by General Hugo
in
composed by " himself. More than half a (father of Victor Hugo) and hanged in
million copies of it were sold, and it still Naples. Scribe took little more than the
has a steady sale. Works Foster com- : title which
for his libretto, the incidents of
posed about 150 songs in all, and in most are from La Caverne of
derived chiefly
cases wrote the words as well as the music. Lesueur, which in turn is founded on an
Among the better known are Old Uncle : episode in " Gil Bias." A spectacular
Ned Oh, Susanna Nelly was a lady
; ; drama, entitled Fra Diavolo chef du bri-
(1849); Old Folks at Home; Oh, boys, gands dans les Aljês, by Cuvelier and Fran-
carry me 'long Gentle Annie
! ; Jily Old ; coui, was given in Paris in 1808, and a Ger-
Kentucky Home Nelly Ely Nancy Till ; ; man version, Die Riluber in den Abruzzen,
Old Dog Tray "Willie, we have missed you
; ;
in Vienna in 1822. Auber's Fra Diavolo
Come where my love Hes dreaming (-1 was produced in Vienna in 1830 an Eng- ;
voices) Massa's in the cold, cold ground

; ;
lish version at Drury Lane, Nov. 3, 1831,
Maggie by my side Old Black Joe, 18G1 ; ;
and an Italian version at the Lyceum, Lon-
Beautiful Dreamer, 18G1. don, July 9, 1857. It was first given in
FOUQUE, (PIERRE) OCTAVE, born at New York, April, 1832. In the first act of
Pau (Basses-Pyrouces), Nov. 12, 184-1, died the opera. Lord and Lady Kokbourg, Eng-
there, Sept. Dramatic, instru- lish travellers, after a narrow escape from
22, 18815.
mental, and vocal composer, pupil in Paris Fra Diavolo's band, during which the lady
of Reiuhold Becker in harmony, of Chauvet loses her diamonds, enter the inn at Terra-
in counteiiioint, and of Ambroise Thomas cina, kept hy Matteo, whose daughter Zer-
in composition. He is more important as a line loves Lorenzo, an officer in command of
writer on music. Works : L'avocat noir, carabineers searching for the bandits. Fra
operetta, given at the Alcazar, 1874Deux Diavolo himself, who has followed the trav-
;
vieux Prelude for orchestra. ellers disguised as the Marquis de San

coqs, do. ;
Concerts Daubo, 1874 Preludes, nocturnes, Marco, hearing how they have deceived his
;
morceaux de genre, etc., for pianoforte men, tries to perfect his plans for robbing ;
Songs, and choruses. Fetis, Suisplement, them by ingratiating himself with Zerline
i. 345 ; Mendel, Ergiluz., 112. and Lady Kokbourg. Lorenzo, after a sad
FOWLE, THOMAS LLOYD, born at parting from Zerline, who is promised by
Amesbury, Wilts, England, Oct. 16, 1827, her father to a rich farmer, goes in search
still living, 1889. Church composer and of the bandits, defeats them, and recovers
86
;
FRA
the diamonds, -winning the offered reward numbers are: Pamela's, "Ah! quel voyage
" Lord Kokbourg's, " Je vou-
of 10,000 francs, and becoming thus as abominable ! ;
wealthy as his rival. In the second act lais bien, je voulais bien " the quintet be- ;
Fra Diavolo and his companions Beppo and tween the two travellers, the sham Marquis,
Giacomo conceal themselves iu a closet in Zerline, and Matteo, " Que vois-je, c'est
Zerline's room. Their plans of robbery are elle!"; Zerline's air, "Voyez sur cette
interrupted by the return of the carabineers, roche " the scene between the Marquis and
;
and Fra Diavolo boldly comes out of the Pamela, " Gondolier Mi-le " and the buffo ;
closet and declares to Lord Kokbom-g that trio between these two and Lord Kokbourg,
he is there by appointment with his wife " Je n'aimais pas le musique." In the sec-
and to Lorenzo that it is by invitation of ond act the air of Zerline, " Quel bonheur,
Zerliue. With two duels on his hands, Fra je respire " the barcarolle, " Agnes la jou-
;
vencelle " the cavatina in Zerline's room,

;
" Oui, c'est demain qu'on me marie " and ;
the chorus, " Oui, la prudence." In the

third act, Fra Diavolo's grand air, " Je vols
marcher sous ma banniere " the chorus, ;
" C'est aujourd'hui Paques fleuries " Lo- ;
renzo's romanza, "Pour toujours, disait-

elle," and the final .scene. Hanslick, Mod-
erne Oper, 132 ; Larousse, viii. G97.
FRA I DUE litigant: IL TEEZO
GODE (Between two quarrellers a third
liarty profits), Italian comic opera, text by
Lorenzi, music by Sarti, given at Turin,
1780. The unpublished score of this work,
which was very successful, is in the library
of the Conservatoire, Paris. Mozart took a
theme from this opera for the table-music
in the second act of Don Giovanni.
FRANCESCA DA RIMINI, German op-
7'// era in three acts, text and music by Her-
1: v^** /
mann Mannheim, Sept.
GOtz, rej)resented in
10, GOtz died before finishing the
1877.
Charles Santley, as Fra Diavolo.
work, and the third act was instrumented,
Diavolo promises satisfaction in the morning from the composer's sketches, by G. Frank.
and coolly walks out, leaving his two rivals The music is dramatic and was well re-
confounded and in despair. His compan- ceived.
ions, however, are captured and agree to FRANCESCA DA RIISHNI, symphonic
betray their chief to secure their own safety. poem for orchestra, by Peter Iljitsch Tschai-
In the third act, where the scene is trans-kowsky, op. 32, composed in 1877, first per-
ferred to the mountains, Fra Diavolo is en- formed in Warsaw in 1878.
snared, and meets death at the hands of the FRANCESCHINI, PETRONIO, born in
carabineers, after acknowledging Zerline's Bologna, lived in the second half of the 17th
innocence, and the lovers are made happy. century. Dramatic composer, brother of
The music, which made Auber's reputation, the painter Marco Antonio Franceschini
is bright and sparkling and as inspiring as pupil of Lorenzo Perti, and at Narni of
the libretto. Li the first act the principal Giuseppe Corso. In 1673 he was elected
;
FRANCESCO
principe of the Accatlemia Filarmonica, varie pour violoncelle avec orchestre, op. 1
Bologna. Works Oroute di Meiuii, Bo- (Paris) Thome original, op. 3 Theme
: ; ;
logna, Teatro Formagliari, 1676 Arsinoe, original vario avec orchestre, op. 4 Fan-
; ;
ib., 1677 Apollo in Tessaglia, musical taisie sur des themes russes et ucossaises,
;
di-aiua, ib., 1679 ; Dionisio, ovvero la virtti avec quatuor ou orchestre, op .6 Romance
;
trionfaute del vizio (with Parteuio), Venice, pour violoncelle, op. 10 ; Trois nocturnes ;
1681. Fotis ; do., Huijplument, i. 347. Deux adagios, oj). 21, 29 ; Premier concerto
FRANCESCO DA IVnLANO (Francesco pour violoncelle et orchestre, op. 33, etc.

Milanese)
tmy.
;
He was
organist, early part of 16tli cen-
a member of the Navizzi-
Grove Fetis Larousse Mendel.
ani family of Milan and was a poet as well violoncellist, living in Italy in the early part
FRANCISCELLO
; ; ;
(Francischello), ;
as musician. he became or-

About 1.530 of the 18th century (1713-50). His birth-
ganist of the Cathedi-al of Milan. Accord- place is unknown ; as he retired to Genoa
ing to Doni and Picciuelli he was the author in his old age, it may have been his native
of several rare collections of organ and lute place. First celebrated at Rome shortly
music, entitled : Intabolatura di organo, after the death of Corelli (1713), he was to the
lib. i. ; Intabolatura di liuto (Milan, 1540). violoncello what Corelli was to the violin, and
Some of his pieces for lute are in a collec- was the first to substitute that instrument
tion entitled, Intabolatura di liuto di di- which almost disappear- for the bass-viol,
vei'si autori, etc. went ed from Italian orchestras before 1730.
(Milan, 1556), w'hich
through several editions under difl'ereut Quantz heard him in Naples in 1725 Ge- ;
titles and others are in Hortus Musai'um miniani sjjeaks of hearing him play with
;
(Louvain, 1552). FOtis Schilling. Scai'latti when that master accompanied him
;
FRANCHJ, GIOVANNI PIETKO, born on the harj)sichord. Benda heard him in

at Pistoja about the middle of the 17th Vienna in 1730, and took him for his model
century. He was maestro concertante to on the violin. Gerber says that Duport
the Duke Rospigliosi di Zagarolo. He pub- heard him at Genoa if so, he must have ;
lished Duetti da camera (Bologna, 1689) been over seventy-five years of age. Fetis,
Duetti del 1' amore col basso numerate (ib., iii. 307; Grove, i. 358; Mendel, iv. 14;
1689) Motets Psalms Sonatas, etc.
; Fe- Schilling, iii. 32.
; ;
tis Mendel Viotta.
; ; FRANCE, CSAR AUGUSTE, born in
FR.\NCHO:\niE, AUGUSTE, born at Liege, Dec. 10, 1822. Pianist, pupil at the
Lille, April 10, 1808,died in Paris, Jan. 21, Liege Conservatoire, subsequently at that in
1884. Con- Paris (1837) under Zimmerman, Leborne,
Violoncellist, pupil at the Paris
servatoire of Levasseur and of Norbliu and and Beuoist, winning the 2d organ prize in
;
in 1826won the first prize for violoncello. 1841. He was organist of Sainte-Clotilde,
He was a member of the orchestra of the His oratorio, Ruth, composed some Paris.
Anibigu Comique in 1825-26, of the Opi"- twenty-five years before, was given in Paris
ra in 1827, and of the Theatre Italien in in 1846, when he succeeded Benoist as pro-
1828. With Alard and Charles Halle he fessor of the organ at the Conservatou-e.
founded a society for classical quartets. He published pianoforte and violin music.
The intimate friend of Choijin, he wrote Fetis, iii. 310 do.. Supplement, i. 347 ; ;
with him a duo for pianoforte and violon- Mendel Viotta. ;
cello on Robert le Diable. He also wrote FRANCK, EDUARD, born in Breslau,

a duo with variations in collaboration with Dec. 5, 1817, still hying, 1889. Instru-
Bertoni, and a third with Osborne.
In 1846 mental composer and pianist, studied music
he became professor of the violoncello at in his native city and, 1843-46, in Italy, then
the Paris Conservatoire. Works : Theme settled in Berlin, whence he was called to
;
;
FRANCE
Cologne as professor of the pianoforte at FRANCE, MELCHIOR, born in Zittau
the Conservatorium. In 1859 he went as about 1580, died in Coburg, June 1, 1G39.
musical director to Berne, and in 1867 to Church composer, lived in Nuremberg
Berlin to teach at Stern's Conservatorium. about 1600, and became Kapellmeister to
Works Sympihony, op. il: Quintet for ;
the Duke
of Coburg in 1603. Gerber gives
lîanoforte, op. 4.5 Sextet, op. 4:1 Sonata ; ; a list44 of his works. He sometimes
of
for violoncello, op. 42 Duos for jjianoforte, ; embellished his melodies in the Italian
op. 4G Six sonatas, op. 40 Three do., op.
; ; style, and was one of the earliest composers
43 Symphonies, overtures, concertos, etc.

; to make the instrumental accomj)animent
Mendel Riemann. ; more independent. Some of his chorals are
FRANCE, JOHANN WOLFGANG, born still sung. Works
Melodia : sacrte (1600-
in Hamburg in 1G41, died in Spain after 7) ; Musikalische Bergreyeu Con-
(1602);
1G88. Dramatic composer, one of the ear- trapuncti compositi (1602) ; Teutsche Psal-
liest German writers of opera. He pro- men und Eircheugesiinge (1602) ; Neue
duced fourteen works, which were Paduanen, Galliarden (1603)
all Opusculum
of ;
represented in Hamburg in 1679-86. In etlicher newer mid alter Reuterliedlein

1688 he went to Spain, and became a favour- (1603) Neues Quodlibet (1604) Farrago ; ;
ite composer of Don Carlos II., a distinction (1604) Teutsche weltliche Gesilnge und ;
which led to his death by assassination. Tiintze (1605) Geistliche Gesilnge und ;

Works Operas Michael und David An- Melodien (1608) Neue musikalische Intra-
: ; ;
dromeda und Perseus Die Mutter der den (1608) Flores mu.sicales (1610) Musi-
; ; ;
Makkabiier Don Pedro Aeneas Jodelet kalische FrOhlichkeit (1610) Tricinia nova
; ; ; ;
Semele Hannibal Charitine

; Diocletia- (1611) ; Vincula natalitia (1611) Sechs
; ; ;
nus Attila Vespasianus Kara Mustafa, in deutsche Eouzerte (1611)

; ; ; Suspiria mu- ;
two parts I. Die Belagerung Wiens H. sica (1612)

: Opusculum etlicher geistli- ; ;
Die erfreuliche Entsatzung Wîens. He cher Ge.siinge (1612) Viridarium musi- ;
published also sonatas for two violins and eum (1613) Recreationes musicro (1614) ; ;
bass, and church compositions. Fetis Zween Grabgesiinge (1614) Zwey newe ; ;
Jlendel Riemann. ; Hochzeitsgesiinge (1614) ThrenodiiB Da- ;
FRANCE, JOSEPH, born in Liege vidicit! (1615) Die trostreichen Worte aus ;
about 18-20, still living, 1889. Organist and dem 54. Eajjitel Esaiil (1615) Delicije ;
violinist brother of Cesar Auguste Franck amoris (1615)

; Fasciculus quodlibeticus ; ;
pupil at the Liege, and subsequently at the (1615) Geistlicher musikalischer Lustgar- ;
Paris Conservatoire. He was maitre de ten (1616) Lilia musicalia (1616) Teut- ; ;
chapelle and organist of the Church des sches musikalisches frohliches Eonvivium
Maisons Etrangeres and of that of Saint- (1621) Laudes Dei vespertiuse (1622) ; ;
Thomas d'Aquin, Paris, and a teacher

of the pianoforte and organ. Works :
Collections of motets for one or sev-

eral voices with two choirs
St. Cecilia,
Ode to
with orchestra ;
;
Concertos
^ ^--^'7^.
for pianoforte with quartet or orches-
tra
is
; Cantatas
the author of several theoretical and
; Masses ; Songs. He (ZM>^- ^v-i.
practical works for the instruction of

the pianoforte and organ. Ft-tis, iii.
310 ; do., Sui^plement, i. 347 Mendel ; Newe teutsche Magnificat (1622) ; Gemmu-
Viotta. Ise evangeliorum musical (1623-24) ; Newes
;; ;
FEANCK
liebliclies musikalisches Lustgiirtlein (1623) La princesse de Noisy, 1760. Mendel
40 Teutscbe lustige musikalische Tiiutze Grove ; Fetis ; Larousse.
(1624) ; Newes musikalisches Ojiusculuiu FRANCCEUR, LOUIS JOSEPH, born in
(1624) ; Sacri convivii musica sacra (1628) Paris, Oct. 8, 1738, died there, Mai'ch 10,
Eosetuluni musicum (1628) ; Cithara eccle- 1804. Violinist and dramatic composer',
siastica et scliolastica ; Psalmodia sacra nephew and jmpil of Francois Francceur.
(1631) Dulces muudani esilii clelici;c
; He was first a page of the king's band,
(1631) Der 51 Psalm (1634) Paradisus 1746-52, then violinist in the orchestra
; ; at

musicus (1636). Eiemanu Fctis Mendel the Opera, second maitre de musique
; ;
;
in
Gerber ; Allgem. d. Biogr., vii. 213 ; Grove ;
1764, and in 1767 succeeded Berton as di-
Winterfeld, Der evaug. Kii-cbengesang, ii. recteur en chef, which position he held un-
50. tU 1779. In 1792 he became with Cellerier
FRANCE, mCHAEL, born at Scbleu- manager of the Ojiera, and in 1794 was di-
siugen, March 16, 1609, died at Coburg, recteur of the Opi'ra with Denesle. Pro-
Sept. 24, 1667. Vocal composer, studied duced several operas, among them Ismene
music iu middle life, after he had lost all et Lindor, 1766, and Ajas, 1770, and left
his property during the Thirty Years' War, others in MS., as well as church music, all of
and iu 1640 had settled at Coburg, where which are in the Conservatoire Library. He
in 1644 he found employment as teacher at is the author of " Diajsason general de tous
the Gymnasium. It was then that he took les instruments a vent," etc. (Paris, 1772).
uf> music and poetry, with such success as Grove Fetis, iii. 311 ; do., Supplement, ;
to be made imperial poet laureate in 1659. i. 348 Larousse Mendel. ; ;
Of his comjjositions ai'e known Geistliches FRANgOISE DE RIMINI, French grand

:
Harfeuspiel aus dreissig vierstimmigen Arien opera in five acts, text by Barbier and Carre,
uebst Generalbass (Coburg, 1657) and the music by Ambroise Thomas, represented at
;
chorals Kein Stiindleiu geht dahin, Ach, the Opera, Paris, Ajnil 14, 1882. Subject,
:
wie nichtig, ach, wie fliichtig, and Sey Gott the story of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo
getreu, halt' seineu Bund. Fctis Mendel
Malatesta, as related by Dante in the " Di-
;
Schilling. vina Commedia." One of the composer's

FRANCCEUR, FRANCOIS, born in best works.
Paris, Sept. 28, 1698, died there, Aug. 6, FRANCO-lNIENDfiS, JACQUES, born iu
1787. Dramatic composer, member in Amsterdam in 1812, of a distinguished
1710 of the orchestra of the Opera, where he Portuguese Israelitish family that settled
formed a lifelong friendship and ijaitner- there in the 16tli century. Violoncellist,
ship with Rebel. He was subsequently a pupil of Priiger and Bertehuann, and sub-
member of the king's private band, and in sequently of Merk, in Vienna. After visit-
1733 composer to the king. He was ap- ing London and Paris with his brother
pointed joint-inspector of the Opera with Joseph, he was appointed in 1831 court
Rebel in 1736, was director iu 1751-67, and violoncellist. He made another profes-
superintendent of the king's chamber music sional tour in Germany with his brother in
iu 1760. He published when young two 1833, and in 1836 went to Paris to perfect
books of sonatas, the only works in which himself in composition, and established
he did not have Rebel as a collaborator. there a series of quartet matinees with his

Works Operas, with Rebel Pyrame et brother which were greatly appreciated.
:
Thisbe, 1726 Tarsis et Zelie, 1728 Scan- After Joseph's early death he lived princi-
; ;
derbeg, 1735 Le ballet de la pais, 1738

; pally in Holland. He published violoncello ;
Les Augustales, 1744 Zelindor, 1744 and other instrumental music. Orders of
;
Ismene, 1747 Les genies tutelaii-es, 1757 Isabella the Catholic, the Oaken Crown,
; ;
90
FRANCO- MEND:I^S

Adolph of Nassau. Fc-tis Larouisse Gre- pellmeister at Mannheim in 1872-77, he
; ;
goir, Mus. neerlandais du xviiie et xixe siecle, was called to Frankfort as first Kapellmeis-
76 Mendel Viotta.
; ; ter at the theatre, and in 1879 to Hanover as
FRANCO-MENDfiS, JOSEPH, born in von Bidow's successor. In 1887 he became
Amsterdam, May 4, 181G, died Oct. U, insane, and was committed to an asylum.
1841. Violinist, brother of Jacques Franco- Works
la Halle, opera, given at : Adam de
Mendes ;
pupil of Prilger, and in Paris in Carlsruhe, 1880
Hero, do., Berlin, 1884 ; ;
1836 of Baillot. After a professional tour Duettinos for female voices Rattenfiinger ;
to London, Paris, and Germany he played Lieder from Wolff's Singuf, with violin
chiefly at The Hague and Amsterdam. In obligato Other songs and choruses. He ;
1835 two of his quartets for two Yiolins, translated into German the operas. The
viola, and bass were ci'owned by the Nether- Veiled Prophet, and Savonarola by Stanford,
land Society for the Encouragement of and Colomba by Mackenzie. Mendel, Er-
Music. He left many works in MS. Fotis giluz., 113 Riemann. ; ;
Larousse ; Gregoir, Mus. ncerlandais du FRANKENBERGER, HEINRICH, born

xviiie et xixe sii'cle, 76 ; Viotta. at Wiimbach, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,
FRANCS-JUGES, LES (The Vehmic Germany, Aug. 20, 1824, died at Sonders-
Judges), overture to the ojiera of the same hausen, Nov. 22, 1885. Dramatic composer,
title, by Hector Berlioz, op. 3, first performed pupil at Sondershausen of Bartel the elder,
at the Conservatoire, Paris, May 26, 1828. of Ernst Bartel in theorj', of Birnstein on
The opera, written on a
by Berlioz in 1825, the organ, and of G. Hermann on the piano-
libretto by Humbert Ferrand, was declined forte ; then at Leipsic of Plaidy, Karl Ferdi-
by the committee of the Acadcmie Royale nand Becker, and Hauptmann. In 1847 he
de Musique, and only the overture ever saw entered the princely orchestra at Sonders-
the light. The score of the opera was de- and afterwards became
hausen as violinist,
stroyed. The overture was the first of During his annual

its assistant conductor.
his works to gain him any lasting reputa- furlough he conducted the operas at Erfurt,
tion. Published, full score and parts, by Halle, Frankfort, etc. He was also an ex-
Richault and Hofmeister (Leipsic) in parts cellent harpist, and able teacher, and
;
for military band, arranged by "Wieprecht, published hand-books on instrumentation,

Eichault for pianoforte, 4 hands, Richault, and harmony, and a method for the or-
;
Hofmeister do., arranged by Karl Czerny, gan.

; Works Operas Die Hochzeit zu :
Meyer (Brunswick) do., 2 hands, arranged Venedig, four acts, given at Sondershausen,
;
by Liszt, Schott (^lainz). Given in New 1847 Vineta, three acts, text by Bohn, ;
York, Philharmonic Society, season of ib., Jan. 30, 1851 Der Giinstling, three ;
1845-46. Jullien, Hector Berlioz (1888), acts, text by Lemm, ib., 1863. Riemann.
375. FRANZ, J. H. (Count Bolko von Hoch-
FRANK, ERNST, born in Munich, Feb. berg), born at Castle Fiirstenstein, Silesia,
7, 1847, still 1889. Dramatic and Jan. 23, 1843, still living, 1889. Dramatic
living,
vocal composer, and excellent conductor, composer, supported in Dresden, for several
pupil of Mortier de Fontaine on the piano- years, a string quartet bearing his name,
forte and of Franz Lachner in composition and in 1876 instituted the Silesian music
;
became court organist and chorus-master at festivals. Li 1886 he was appointed in-
the Royal Opera, and in 1868 Kapellmeister tendant general of the royal Prussian court
at Wiirzburg. In 1869 he was made chorus- theatres. Works Claudine von Villabella, :
master at the Opera in Vienna, where he given at Schwerin, 1864 Der Wilrwolf ;
afterwards conducted the Siugverein and (Die Falkensteiner), Hanover, 1876 Sym- ;
the Academische Gesangvereiu. Hof-Ka- phonies, songs, etc.

;;
FEANZ
FRANZ, KARL, born at Langenbielau, in 1872 for Franz's benefit by Liszt, Joa-
Silesia, in 1738, died in Muuicli in 1802. chim, Helene Magnus, and others, and by
Played the bom in the service of the Ai'ch- sums raised in a similar way in Boston,
bishop of Olmiitz in 1758 then joined Mass., by Otto Dresel (his intimate friend
;
Prince Esterhazj's orchestra in Eisenstadt, and co-worker), B. J. Lang, and Sebastian

and became the greatest virtuoso on the B. Schlesinger. Franz's fame rests upon a
barytone, the predecessor of the violoncello. twofold basis : upon his songs, and upon
Haydn composed a cantata, Deutschland's his additional accompaniments to choral
Klage auf den Tod Friedrich's des Grossen, works by Bach, Handel, Durante, and As-
with barj-tone accompaniment, especially for torga. He is undisputedly the greatest liv-
him. He spent eight years in Presburg ing song-writer the legitimate successor of :
under Cardinal Bathiany, and in 1787 Schubert and Schumann. At first his songs
was called to Munich as chamber musician. were caviare to the general public, but the

Works 12 barytone concertos. Allgem. admiration of men like Schumann and !!Men-
:
d. Biogr., vii. 310 Mendel Fetis Grove. delssohn, and the ardent propagandism of
; ; ;
FRANZ ROBERT, born in Halle, June Liszt (through his incomparable pianoforte
28, 1815, stm liv- transcriptions), of the baritone Stockhausen,
ing, 1889. After and others in Germany, and of Otto Dresel
studying by him- in America (at one time Boston was one of
self several years, the chief focuses of the Franz cult), helped
he became a pupil much to gain them universal recognition.
at Dessau (1835- Franz's additional accompaniments to old
37) of Schneider choral works are to be ranked only with
in pianoforte, har- what is most perfect in this difficult depart-
mony, and coun- ment. In this matter he has been from the
terpoint rctumod first a stout ojspouent of Chrysander, Spit-
;
then to Halle, and, ta, and others of more timidly archaeologi-

without employ- cal tendencies. Works I. Original 257 :
ment for six yeai's, made thorough studies in songs, in 45 sets, for voice and pianoforte,
Bach, Beethoven, and Schubert. In 1811 his published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Whist-
sense of hearing began to decline. In 1843 he ling, Peters, Senff, Fritzsch, etc. Ivyrie a ;
published his first set of twelve songs, which cappella for 4-part chorus and soli Psalm ;
won him the sincere admiration of Schumann, cxvii. for double chorus (8 parts) a cap-
and later of Mendelssohn, Gade, Liszt, and pella Liturg}' for the evangelical service
;
others. About this time he was appointed G chorals 6 part-songs for mixed voices,
;
organist at the Ulrichskirche in Halle, and and 6 do. for male voices. H. Ai-range-
conductor at the Singacademie. Somewhat ments, from J. S. Bach Miltthaus-/'a.s-.sio/i ; :
later he was given the titles of KOniglicher ire/ac/i/.s-Oratorium, Parts I. and H. 3Iag- ;
Musikdirelctor and Doctor of Music, the iiificat in D Tracer-Ode. Church canta-

;
latter for his musical lectures at the Halle tas Es ist dir gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist
:
Univer.sity. His deafness gradually became Oott fiihret auf mit Jauohzen leh hatte ;
more and more serious, and in 1853 was viel Bekiimmerniss Wcr sich selbst erhu- ;
aggravated by nervous disorders. In 18G8 het ewiges Feuer Lobet Gott in Seinen
; ;
he was forced to throw up all his employ- Reichen Wer da glaubet und getauft wird
; ;
ments, and almost entirely to abandon com- Ach wie fliichtig, ach wie nichtig Freue ;
position. The pecuniary difficulties result- dich, erloste Schaar ; Gotles Zeit ist die
ing from this were made up for by a sum of allerbeste Zeit (Actus tragicus) ; Sie wer-
about $25,000 realized from concerts given den aus Saba Alle kommen ; Airs from
93
;;; ;
:
FRANZ
other cantatas, For soprano Mei)i Suite in E minor, for pianoforte (Leipsic,
etc. :
Seelenscbatz Gottes Wort, from Gleicb Breitkopf & Hiirtel). From G. F. Handel
ist
wis der Regen unci Sclinee Aucli niit L' Allegro, il Penseroso, ed il Moderato
;
gediimjDften, from
scliwacben Stimmen, Jubilate, in D ; The 3Iessiah. Airs, for so-
Schwingt freudig eucb empor Liebster ; prano Cara sposa, from Eadamisto Sommi
: ;
Jesu, main Verlangen Gottlob, nun gebt ; Dei, from do. Vanne, sorella ingrata, from
;
das Jabr zu Ende Hot, deine Giite, from

; do. ; 3Iio bel tesoro, from Alcina Mio caro ;
Wer Dank opfert, der preisset micb Herr, ; bene, from Rodelinda lUtorna, o caro, from ;
der du stark und miicbtig bist, from Meine do. ;Il vostro maggio, from Rinaldo Menti ;
Seele erbebt den Herren Gedenk' an uns ; eterne, from Lotario Spera si, mio caro ;
mit deiuer Liebe, from Wir danken dir, bene, from Admeto SI, t' amo, ocara, from ;
Gott 3Tein gliiubiges Herze, from Also

; Muzio Scevola S'ei non mi vuole amar, ;
bat Gott die Welt geliebt. For alto Ein : from Tamerlano Ab, non son io cbe parlo. ;
ungefi'irbtGemutbe llenschcn, g\a.uht docb

; from Ezio. For alto Con rauco mormorio, :
dieser Guade, from Christ unser Herr zum from Rodelinda Confusa si miri 1' infida ;
Jordan kam Domiue Fili unigenite, from

; consorte, from do. Si, si minaccia, e viuta, ;
G Minor JIass ; O Menscb, errette deine from Sosarme Empio, diro, tu sei, from
;
Seele, from O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort Giulio Cesare rupille sdegnose, from

;
Wie furchtsara wankeu meine Schrittc, from Muzio Scevola IJn disprezzato affetto, from
;
AUein zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ. For tenor : Otbone Io sperai trovar riposo, from do.
; ;
Welch Uebermaass der Giite, from Wer Son confusa pastorella, from Poro Stille ;
Dank opfert Ergiesse dicb reicblicb, from

; amare, gi:i vi sento, from Tolomeo Furi- ;
Wo soil icb fliehen bin ; Um^ri- Mund und hondo sjnra il vento, from Partenope Gi- ;
Ton der Saiten, from Wie scbi'm leucbtet der acchh morir non jiosso, from Radamisto
Morgen stern Nun mOgt ibr stolzen Feinde,
; Vi fida Io sposo, from Ezio. Duets Se :
from Herr, wenndie stolzen Feinde schnau- teco vive il cor, for 2 S., from Radamisto ;
ben Ich will dir zu Ehren leben, from

; Fuor di periglio, for S. and T., fi'om Flori-
Fallt mit Danken Die Liebe ziebt mit; dante Io t'abbraccio, for S. and A., from
;
sanften Scbritten, from Scbwingt freudig Rodelinda Per le porte del tormento, for ;
eucb empor. For bass Verstianme, HOl- S. and A., from Sosarme
: Ricordati, mio ;
leubeer, from Wo soil ich fliehen bin ; Gxte ben, for S. and A., from Flavio Deh, per- ;
Nacht, du Weltgetiimmel, from Wer weiss dona, for S. and A., from do. Vivo in te, ;
wie nahe mir mein Ende ; Booh weichet, for S. and A., from Tamerlano A teneri af- ;
ibi- tollen, vergeblichen Sorgen, from Lieb- fetti, for S. and A., from Otbone Cara, piii ;
ster Gott, wann werd' ich sterben ; Goll ist amabile belta, from Giulio
for S. and A.,
gerecht, from O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort Cesare Che vai pensando, for S. and B.,
;
Gott, deinem starken Schiitzen, from

bei Kammer-Duett, No. 5 Vh, speme infida, ;
Wiir' Gott nicbt mit uns diese Zeit. Duets : pur !, for 2 S., id., No. 7 Tacele, ohime, ;
HeiT, dein Mitleid, for S. and B., from tacete, for S. and B., id., No. 10 Langue, ;
Herrscber des Himmels, erbiire das Lallen ;

geme, for S. and A., id., No. 13. From
Cbriste eleison, for 2 S., from the Hohe other composers Astorga's Stabat Mater :
;
Messe Wenn Sorgen auf micbdringen, for

; Francesco Durante's Magnificat in B-flat.
S. and A., from Ach Gott, wie manches HI. Literary works Oft'ener Brief an Edu- :
Herzeleid Et in unum Dominum, for S.

; ard Hanslick iiber Bearbeitungen illterer
and A., from the Hohe Messe Domine ; Tonwerke, namentlicb Bach'scber und Hiin-
Deus, for S. and A., from the G major del'scber VocalmusLk (Leipsic, 1871) Mit- ;
Mass Four movements from JTusiLnlit'ches theilungen tiber J. S. Bach's Magnificat

;
Opfer, for pianoforte, flute, and violin (Halle, 18G3). Ambros, Rob. Franz, Eine
94
;
;;
FRANZ
Studie (Leipsic, 1872) La Mara, HIus. and dramatic composer, son and pupil of
;
StudieukOpfe, iii. 131 Liszt, Ges. Schrif- Ignaz Frilnzl, whom he greatly surpassed as a
;
ten, 207 Mus. Wochenblatt, i. 211, 228,

iv. ; composer. He joined the Mannheim court
2'47 Schumann, Ges. Schriften, ii. 318
; ;
band in 1782, made concert tours with his
Schuster, Rob. Franz (Leipsic, 1874) father from 1785, studied under Pleyel
Sarau, Eob. Frauz uud das deutsche Volks- and Richter in Strasburg, and, after a visit
und Kivcheuhed (Leipsic, 1875) Illustr. to Paris, went to Italy and studied composi-
;
Zeitg. (1872), i. 288 ii. 213. ; tion under Padre Mattel of Bologna, giving
FEANZ, STEPHAN, born in Vienna, 1785, concerts in Rome, Naples, and Palermo.
died there in 1850 (?). VioHnist, pupil of He became Conzertmeister in Frankfort-on-
his father and several other Viennese violin the-Main in 1792, director of a private or-
teachers, and on the pianoforte pu^jil of chestra at Oflenbach in 1794, went on con-
Dominik Ruprecht, and in composition of cert tours from 1799, and visited Poland
Albrechtsberger, besides which he was often and Russia in 1803-6. In 1806 he suc-
advised by Josef Haydn. For a short time ceeded Caunabich as court Kapellmeister
compelled by his father to foUow a mercan- and director of German opera in Munich.
tile career, he was soon led back to music, Pensioned in 1827, he retired to Geneva,
being offered a permanent employment as and later to Mannheim. Spohr considered

teacher, and as first violinist in a private him an old-fashioned virtuoso. Works
quartet, in a wealthy nobleman's house. He Operas Die LuftbilUe, Strasburg, 1788 :
;
held this position in 1803-G, then a similar Adolph uud Clara, 1800 Carlo Floras, ;
one at Presburg, and in 1807 became mu- Munich, 1800 Haireddin Barbarossa, ib., ;
sical director to a nobleman in Stuhlweis- 1815 Der Fassbinder, ib., 1824 a festival ; ;
seuburg county, where he devoted himself composition Die Weihe, ib., 1818 8 con- ;
to composition. He gave successful concertos and 4 concertinos for violin 9 quar- ;
certs at Presburg, Pesth, and other Hun- tets and G trios for strings Overtures, sym- ;
garian cities, returned to Vienna in 1813, phonies, and songs. Mendel Allgem. d. ;
became first violinist at the Theater an der Biogr., vii. 203 Fetis Grove Wasielewski, ; ; ;
Wien, and in 181G a member of the imperial Die Violine, 188.

orchestra. In great demand as a teacher, FRANZL, IGNAZ, born at IMannheim,
he gave up his position at the theatre in 1818, June 3, 1734, died there in 1803. Virtuoso on
and in 1820 also ceased to perform in pub- the violin, entered the famous court orches-
lic. From 1828 to 1850 he conducted the tra of the Elector Karl Theodor at Mann-
orchestra of the Burgtheater. Works Sym- heim in 1750, became afterwards Conzert- :
phony 15 overtures about 90 entr'actes meister and finally Kapellmeister, in which

; ; ;
Grand mass Graduals and offertories capacity he removed with the orchestra to
;
String quintet Several quartets, concert- Munich in 1768. From 1784 he travelled
;
pieces, variations, solos, with his son Ferdinand,

etc., for violin for several years
Septet for flute, violin, 1790 was made director of the the-
oboe, bassoon, horn, and in
violoncello, and bass Quintet, quartets, atre orchestra at Mannheim.
;
His composi-
trios, and duos for flute Rondo for harp tions, numbering about twenty works, con-
;
and orchestra Two pianoforte trios, varia- sist of concertos, quartets, and trios. Fe-
;

tions for pianoforte ; Songs. Fetis ; Men- tis Mendel Schilling.
; ;
del ; Wurzbach ; Neue wiener Musikzei- FRASI, FELICE, born in Lombardy in

tung (1856), 4. 1803, died at Vercelli, Sept. 8, 1879. Dra-
FKANZL, FERDINAND, boru at Schwet- matic composer, piupil at the Conservatorio,
May 24, 1770, died
zingen in the Palatinate, Milan, gained reputation as a jjiauist and
in Mannheim, November, 1833. Violinist organist, and at the age of twenty-one
95
FRAUEXLIEBE
became maestro di cappella of the cathedral FREDERICK THE GREAT, King of
at Vercelli, Piedmont. His opera La selva Prussia, born at Berlin, Jan. 24, 1712,
di Hermanstadt was given at La Scala, died at Sans Souci,
Milan, in 1827 he also published sonatas
; Aug. 17, 1786. Flut-
for pianoforte, and pastorals for the organ. ist, pupil of Quautz,
Fetis; Mendel. who composed for
FRAUENLIEBE UND LEBEN (Wom- him nearly 300 con-
an's Love and Life), eight songs by Cha- certos and 200 soli,
misso, for voice and pianoforte, by Robert besides e x e r c is e s
Schumann, op. 42, 1840. The music to which the king prac-
this cycle reveals an extraordinary depth of tised regularly every
jjenetration into a side of human character morn ing. Works:
which men are generally supposed incapable H re pastore, opera ;
of understanding. Schumann
Overture to Aci e Galatea Marches Arias
treated the ; ;
;
series as a whole, as Beethoven did his Lie- About 100 soli for flute. A complete edi-
derkreis, An die feme Geliebte, yet with- tion of his compositions is in preparation
out connecting the separate songs even in by Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Leipsic. Fetis ;
an external way, as did the latter. Only at Mendel Midler, Friedr. d. Gr. als Kenner ;
the close does the pianoforte give an echo und Dilettant auf dem Gebiete der Ton-
of the first song as a postlude. Maitland, kuust (Potsdam, 1847).
68 ; Eeissmann, 100. FREEER (Freyer), AUGUST, born at
FEECH, JOHANN GEORG, born at Mulda, near Dresden, in 1803, still living,
Kaltenthal, near Stuttgart, Jan. 19, 1790, 1889 (?). Organist, pujjil of Cantor Geissler,
died at Esslingen in 1864. Organist and whom he often replaced at the organ, from
and since 1806,
pianist, chiefly self-taught, his tenth year. He afterwards went to
when he became assistant teacher at Deger- Poland, and settled at Warsaw, where he
loch, pupil at Stuttgart of Knecht in har- studied counterpoint imder Elssler. In
mony, of Sutor in composition, of Nanz on 1834 he made a concert tour through Ger-
the violin, of Kriiger on the flute, and of many, and after his return was made organ-
Scherzer on the violoncello. In 1811 he ist of the Lutheran Church at Warsaw. He
went to Esslingen, where he became or- has published a large number of composi-
ganist and musical director in 1820, and tions for the organ.
Fetis, Supplement, i.
founded the still existing Liederkranz in 350 Mendel; do., Ergiinz., 113.
;
1827. His influence upon musical educa- FREISCHUTZ, DER, German romantic
tion in Wiirtemberg was gi-eat and bene- opera in three acts, text by Fiiedrich Kind,
ficial. Works : ]\Iontezuma, opera ; Abra- music by Weber, first represented in Ber-
ham auf Moria, oratorio ; Cantatas ; German lin, June 18, 1821. The score was finished,
mass for mixed chorus Oi-gan and piano- ; May 13, 1820, at Dresden. The opera was
forte pieces; Songs and j)art-songs. Fetis; first named " Der Probeschuss," then " Die
Mendel Schilling. ; Jiigerbraut," but was produced under its
FREDDI, AMADEO, born in the Vene- present title. The libretto is founded on a
tian States about the close of the 16th cen- stoiy in vol. i. of the " Gespeusterbuch,"
tury. Priest and maestro di cappella succes- edited by Johann August Apel, and Fried-
sively at Treviso and of the Cathedral of rich Laun (Leipsic, 1810), translated into
Padua. Works Madrigals (Venice, 1601- : English by De Quincey under the title of
2) Motets, psalms, hymns, etc. (ib., 1616-
;
" The Fatal Marksman," and which is itself
42).
Fetis Van der Straeten, i. 30 Men-
; ; founded on a stiU earlier tale in "Unterre-
del ; Viotta. dungen vom Reiche der Geister," pubhshed
96
rS^liiYO^^.
1/- '
T uR/^RT
8f !<. -' ttMX

1 ,.;r~3i:i-ii2!!i-
:
FEEISCIItTZ
about the beginning of the seventeenth cen- As he fires the dove takes in
a flying dove.
tury. In the opera, Max, a marksman, in form of Agathe and he fancies
his eyes the
love with Agathe, daughter of Kuno, head he has slain her but she is saved by her
;
ranger to the Prince of Bohemia, is recom- wreath and the bullet pierces Caspar's heart.
mended by Kuno, who is old and infirm, as Samiel claims his victim, and Max wins his
his successor. The prince agrees to accept bride and the ranger's position amid the
him if he is victorious in the coming shoot- general rejoicing. The original cast in Ber-
ing-match. Caspar, also in love with Agathe, lin was as follows
who has sold himself to the demon Samiel,
Agathe Frau Caroline Seidler.
forms a plan to win the girl and to substi-
Annchen Frl. Johanna Eunicke.
tute Max for himself in the fulfilment of his
Max Herr Carl Stumer.
contract with the Evil One. He shows Max Caspar Herr Heinrich Blume.
the power of magic bullets, made with Sa-
Ottokar Herr Rebenstein.
miel's aid, and persuades him to meet him
Kuno Herr Wauer.
in the Wolf's Glen at midnight to obtain
Samiel Herr Hillebrand.
Kilian Herr Wiedemann.
Among the best personators of Agathe is

Therese Malten, whose portrait is given.
Der Freischiitz met with an enthusiastic re-
ception,and its pojjularity is still very great
in Germany. Its 500th re^n-esentation was
celebrated in Berlin in 188.5. It was given
in Dresden, Jan. 26, 1822, and soon after
in other German cities. An English ver-
sion, entitled Der Freischiitz or The Sev-
enth Bullet, was produced in London, at
the English Opera House, July 22, 1824,
with ballads inserted, and it became so
popular that nine different theatres played
Therese Malten. it at the same time. The German version
was brought out at the King's Theatre, May
more. Maxkeeps his appointment, though 9, 1832, and an Italian version, II franco
terrified by sjjectres and grotesque forms, arciero, at Covent Garden, March IG, 1850.
and warned by his mother's spirit, and re- A pasticcio was given in Paris, at the Ode-
ceives seven bullets, six of which are to be on, Dec. 7, 1824, with a new libretto, with
used at Max's will in the coming match, and changes of names and scene, by Castil-Blaze
the seventh is to be directed by the demon and Sauvage, under the title, Eobin des Bois.
himself Agathe, warned by a holy hermit An accurate French version of the original
of coming danger, but guarded against it by Emilien Pacini and Hector Berlioz, with
by a wreath of roses which he has given recitatives by Berlioz, was produced at the
her, prepares in the third act for her wed- Academic Koyale de Musique, June 7, 1841.
ding. Oppressed by melancholy forebod- Der Freischiitz was first represented in New
ings, she tells Annchen that she dreamed she York, at the Park Theatre, March 3, 1825.
was a dove and that Max fired at her. On Among its most popular numbers are :
the day of the shooting-match her lover wins " Durch die Willder, dui-ch die Auen," aria
with his six magic bullets, and at the com- of Max, Act i.. No. 3 " Schelm halt fest!,"
; !
mand of the prince fires the seventh one at duet between Agathe and Annchen, Act ii.,
9T
; :
frI:lon
No. 6; "Wie naLte mir der Sclilummer,'' Bach Suite i. D minor ii. C minor ; iii. B : ;
scene and aria of Agathe, Act ii., No. 8 minor iv. E-flat major v. major vi. E ; ; G ;
" Eiust triiumte mciner seligeu Base," ro- major. Published by the Bach-Gesellschaft.
mance and aria of Annchen, Act iii., No. 13 FRESOHI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO, ;
" Wir wiuden dir den Jungfernkranz," Volks- born in Vicenza, Italy, in 1640, died there in
lied, cliorus of bridesmaids, with soprano 1690. A priest, he lived in Venice in 1677-
solo, Act iii.. No. 14 ;
" Was gleicht wolil 85, and wrote there many ojjeras. On his
auf Erden dem Jiigervergniigen," chorus of return to Vicenza he became maestro di
huntsmen, Act iii., No. 15. Ji'ihns, Weber Works Operascappella of the cathedral.
in seiuen Werken, 297 Larousse, viii. 809 Elena rapita da Paride, Venice, 1677 Sar-
; ; ;
Max M. von Weber, Carl M. von W. (Leip- dauapale, ib., 1678; TuUia Superba, ib.,
sic, 1864), ii. 277, 312 Edwards, Lyrical 1678 Circe, ib.,
; 1679 Berenice, ib., ; ;
Drama, i. 33 Hanslick, Mod erne Oper, 1680 ; Giulio Cesare trionfante, 1682
;
;
66 Berlioz (Apthorp), 395 Wagner, Ges. Silla, 1683 and 1699 L' incoronazione di
; ; ;
Schr., i. 257 Burlingame, Wagner, 92

; Dario, 1684 Teseo tra le rivali, 1685
; ; ;
Ambros, Bunte Blatter, i. 1 do., ii. 93. Dario, 1685. Giuditta, oratorio.
; Missa a
FE:fcLON, LOUIS FKANCOIS ALEX- cinque, salmi a 3, 4, 5 voci (Venice, 1660) ;
ANDRE, born at Orh'ans, France, in 1825, Missa a 0, e salmi a 2, 5, 6 voci (ib., 1673).
still living, 1889. Pianist and organist, Fctis Mendel. ;
studied music in his native city, where he FRESCOB.^LDI, GIEOL.UIO, born in

founded a gratuitous course of musical in- Ferrara, 1588, died
struction forworkmen in 1847. When the after 1640. Little is
harmonium came into use, he was one of its known of his life. He
most active propagators in Paris, and pub- studied under Fran-
lished an excellent method for this instru- cois MiUeville (not
ment. In 1851 he went to London to rep- under Alessandro
resent the organs constructed by the firm Milleville, his father,
of Alexandre. He has composed a great who died, 1589) ; his
number of morceaus de genre, fantaisies, first composition, a
etc., for harmonium, and for do. and piano- book of five-voice
forte. Ft'tis, Supplement,
i. 349. madrigals, was imb-
FREMART, HENRI, French composer lished by P. Phalesius in Antwerp, June
of church music, vicar of Notre Dame de 10, 1608. During this year, Frescobaldi
Paris about the middle of the 17th century, visited Milan. In 1615 he succeeded Ei--
having been maitre de musique of the ca- cole Pasquini as organist at St. Peter's
thedral at Rouen in 1611-25. Works: in Rome, his fame being then so great
Missa 4 voe. ad placitum, Ballard coll., that thirty thousand are said to have
1642 Missa 4 voe. ad imit. mod. Confun- flocked to the church to hear his first
;
dantur suj)erbi, ib. Missa 5 voe. ad imit. performance.

; The latest record of him
mod. Verba mea auribus, etc., ib., 1643 is in a letter of P. della Valle (1640), in
;
Missa 5 voe. ad imit. mod. Eiipe me, Domine, which he is mentioned as still living, and
ib. Missa 5 voe. ad imit, mod. Domine re- fifty-two years old.
; Johann Jacob Fro-
fugium, ib. Missa 6 voe. ad imit. mod. Ju- berger was his pupil.
; Frescobaldi may
bilate Deo, ib.,Missa 6 voe. ad imit. be called the father of the great schools
1645 ;
me fac, Deus, ib. Fetis.

mod. Salvum of organ playing and organ music not ;
FRENCH SUITES (Ger., Franzosisehe only was he the first very imposing fig-
Suiten), the name generally given the six ure we meet with in the history of or-
smaller cla-vder suites by Johann Sebastian gan writing, but no genius so great as
as

FREUBEL
his is to be found in this department of then of Berner and Schuabel in Breslau,
composition until we come to J. Sebastian and, finally, at the organists' school in Ber-
Bach. Hawkins's statement that Fresco- lin, of Zelter in harmony and composition
baldi was the first Italian who played in the and of Beruhard Klein in counterpoint. In
fugued style is an error which has found 1826 he visited Italy, and in 1827 became
much favour with subsequent historians. organist of St. Mary Magdalen's Church at
But he probably was the first organist who Breslau. He composed organ and piano-
used the tonal (instead of the real) response forte music, psalms, songs, and part-songs.
in the fugue. "Works: 1. Libro primo di Fotis Mendel. ;
Madrigali a 5 voc. (Antwerp, Phalesius, FREUDENBERG, WTLHELM, born at

1C08) 2. Libro secoudo di Madrigali, etc. Raubacher-Hiitte, near Neuwied, Prussia,
;
(Milan, 1608) ; 3.March 11, 1838, still living, 1889. Dra-

Ricercari e canzoni fran-
cesi (Rome, Borboni, Toccate matic composer, studied music at Leij)sic
1G15) ; 4.
. . e partite d' intavolatura (1G13-27- in 1858-61, was then for four years Kaijell-
.
37-57) 5. Secoudo libro di toccate, etc. meister at the theatres of diflerent cities,
;
(Rome, 1G15) 6. Primo libro delle canzoni last at Mainz, and in 1865 went to Wies-
;
a 1, 2, 3, 4 voei (Rome, 1628) 7. Primo baden as conductor of the Ciicilienverein

;
libro, Arie musiculi, Florence, 1630 8. and the Synagogenverein. In 1870 he ;
Capricci sopradiversi soggetti (Venice, 1626, founded there a school of music and con-
Rome, Separate pieces are found ducted the Singakademie until 1886, when
1627).
in the following collections Three in Can- he removed to Berlin, and opened a school
:
zoni per sonare con ogni sorta di stromenti, of music with Mengewein. Works Op-
etc. (Venice, Aless. Rauer, 1608) Die Pfahlbauer, burlesque, three acts,
; One in Se- eras :
lecta3 Cantiones, etc. (Rome, Bart. Zauetti, given at Mainz, March 24, 1877 Die Ne- ;
benbuhler, romantic, three acts, Wiesbaden,

Feb. 6, 1879 Kleopatra, four acts, Magde- ;
>^^Wz^ burg, Jan. 12, 1882 Die Miihle im Wis- ;
perthale, three acts, Magdeburg, Jan. 21,

1883 Ein Tag in Florenz, symphonic ;
1616) ; One (Rome, poem Durch Duukel zum Licht, overture

in Scelta di Motetti, etc. ; ;
Zauetti, 1618) Lilia Camjii, etc. (Rome, J. Music to Romeo and Juliet
; Pianoforte ;
Bapt. Robletto, 1621). Arabros, iv. 103, pieces, and songs. Mendel Riemanu ; ;
438 Clement, Mus. celebres, 16.

; Signale (1879), 433.
FREUBEL, JOHANN LUD^âO PALT,, FREUDENTHAL, JULIUS, born at
born at Namur in 1763, died at Amster- Brunswick, April 5, 1805, still living, 1889
dam, May 21, 1828. Organist and violinist, (?). Violinist and flutist, pupil of Karl
and for many years conductor at the Dutch Miiller, entered the ducal orchestra, of
theatre, Amsterdam. Works De vroiiwe- : which he in timebecame musical director,
lijke recruten, ballet, 1788 Several other ; retiring in 1860 on account of his health.
ballets De triomf der liefde, symphony,
; He evinced a remarkable talent for the hu-
1793 Het vredefeest, 1802 14 cantatas
; ; ;
morous genre of music, and his comic songs
3 concertos for violin ; Several overtures ;
and quartets for male voices, but especially
Psalms ; Popular songs. Fetis, Supjile- his operettas, and opera-travesties capital
ment, i. 350 Viotta.
; satires on modern, chiefly Italian, operas
FREUDENBERG, KARL GOTTLIEB, must be mentioned with distinction. Men-
born in a village of Silesia, Jan. 15, 1797, del ; Schilling.
died at Breslau, April 13, 1869. Organist, FREUE DICH, ERLOSTE SCHAAR,
pupil of the Cantor Klein at Schmiedeberg, church cantata, Festo S. Joanuia Bapt., for
35
;
FREUNDE
solo voices and chorus, with accompanimeut Gassmann. In 17.59 he joined the chape\
of 3 trumpets, drums, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, of Prince Eszterhazy at Eiseustadt as tenor,
strings complete, and continue, by Johann and in 1776 became Kapellmeister of the
Sebastian Bach (Year V, No. 30, Bach-Ge- Jesuits' and IMinorites' churches at Vienna.
sellschaft ed.) ;
published also in full score, Works Nine masses Five motets Stabafc
; ; ;
with additional accompaniments by Robert Mater Requiem

; Graduals and offerto-
;
Franz, and in pianoforte score, by Leuc- ries. Fc'tis Mendel Schilling.

; ;
kart (Leipsic). FRIDOLIN, or the Message to the Forge,

FREUNDE VON SALAMANKA, DIE, cantata, by Alberto Randegger, written for
oijeretta in two acts, text by Mayrhofer, and first performed at the Birmingham
music by Franz Schubert, written in 1815, (England) Festival, Aug. 28, 1873. Tlie
never jierformed. The music, which was text, by Mme Erminea Rudersdorft", is
written between Nov. 18 and Dec. 31, is on founded on Schiller's ballad, " Der Gang
a large scale, the first act alone filling 320 nach dem Eisenhammer." Characters rep-
pages. The MS. is in the possession of Dr. resented Waldemar, Count of Saverne Eg-
: ;
Eduard Schneider, Vienna. The libretto is lantine, Countess of Saverne Fridolin, page ;
lost. Hellborn (Coleridge), i. 72. to the Countess Hubert, squire to the

;
FREUDESAUSEN, JUBELBRAUSEN. Count. The cantata was a complete suc-

See Stradella. cess. Published by Chappell (London).
FREUDIG BEGRUSSEN WIR DIE Upton, Standard Cantatas, 299.
EDLE HALLE. See Tannhiiuser. FRIDZERI, ALEX.INDRE MARIE AN-
FREYSTADTLER (Freystiidler), FRANZ TOINE FRIXER, called, born at Verona,
JACOB, born at Salzburg, Sept. 13, 1760, Italy, Jan. 16, 1711, died in Antwerp in
died in Vienna in 1841. Organist, pupil of 1819. Violinist, and virtuoso on the man-
Georg Lipp, competed successfully against dolin. He lost his sight when a year old,
thirty-two applicants for the organist's and learned to play the mandolin without
place at the Domstift of St. Peter, which a teacher ; he had five different violin
he held for sis years, then taught music for teachers, constructed his own mandolin at
two years in Munich, whence he went to eleven, learned the flute, the viol d' amore,
Vienna in 178G, and soon secured many pu- the organ, the horn, and several other in-
pils through the recommendation of his stniments without instruction, and never re-
countryman and school-mate Mozart. He ceived any lessons in harmony or counter-
published many pianoforte compositions, point. He was organist of the Chapel la
mostly didactic, besides characteristic pro- IMadonna del Monte Berico, at Vicenza, for
gramme-pieces, like Die Belagerung von three years, and at the age of twenty-four
Belgrad, Mittag und Abend, Der Friihling- started on a concert tour, played at the Con-
smorgen, etc., and songs, and left in manu- he remained
certs Spirituels in Paris (where
script over GO works, consisting of concer- two through the northern
years), travelled
tos, fantasias, organ preludes, cadenzas, etc. part of France, Belgium, Germany, lived
Allgem. wiener Musikzeitung (1812), No. in Strasburg over a year, and returned to
121 Fetis
; Gerber ; Mendel Schilling
; ; Paris in 1771. He went to Brittany, and
Wurzbach. spent twelve years with the Comte de Ch:\-
FRIBERTH, KARL, bom at Wullers- teaugiron, visiting Paris several times. On
dorf. Nether Austria, June 7, 1736, died in the breaking out of the Revolution he went
Vienna, Aug. 6, 1816. Church composer to Nantes, and established a philharmonic
and tenor singer, first instructed by his academy. The terrors of the war in the
father, then studied in Vienna under the Vendee caused him in 1791 to seek refuge
guidance of the court composers Bono and in Paris, whence he left for Antwerp in 1801,
100
FRISCIIMUTII
settled there as amusic teacher, and estab- in Berlin. Having travelled in France and
lished a trade in music and instruments. Italy,he settled in 1866 at Glogau, Silesia,
Works Les deux miliciens, comic opera,
: and in 1867 at Liegnitz, where he conducted
given at the Comedie Italienne, 1772 Les ; the Singakademie in 1867-77, went once
souliers mordores, do., ib., 1776 Lucette, ;
more to Berlin to study under Kiel, and in
do., ib., 1785 Les Thermopyles, grand
;
1879 to Stuttgart. Works: Die Jahres-
opera ; Six quartets for strings ; Six sonatas zeiten, symphony ; Fingal, oratorio ; David,
for mandolin ; Two concertos for violin ;
Concerto for violin do., for piano-
do. ; ;
Symphouie concertante for two violins, viola, forte Sonata fordo., op. 2 Sanctus, Bene-
; ;
and orchestra Six quartets, 2d book

; ; Duos dictus, and Agnus Dei for mixed chorus, soli,
for violins Six romances for voice and and orchestra Pianoforte
; ; pieces, songs, and
pianoforte.
Futis Mendel. ;
choruses. Riemann.
FRISCHMUTH, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, FROBERGER, JOHANN JACOB, born
born at Schwabhausen, Gotha, died in Ber- (Mattheson says in Halle, but no proof has
lin, July 31, 1790. Dramatic composer, was been found) early part of 17th century (the
musical director of various travelling com- date usually given, 1635, is undoubtedly
panies, and small theatres, then lived for many years too late), died at Hericourt
some years at Gotha, and removed to Ber- (Haute-Saone), France, May 7, 1667. The
lin, where he became director of the Dub- story of his life has been made the nucleus
bliu Theatre in 1785, and Kapellmeister of of a large amount of accumulated fiction ;
the National Theatre in 1787. Works Die Fctis's acount is eminently untrustworthy,
:
krauke Frau, Clarissa, Das Modereich, oper- and Mattheson's dates are mostly wrong.
ettas ;Sonatas for pianoforte Duets for The following facts are known
;
Jan. 1, :
violin, etc.
Fetis Mendel Schilling.; 1637, he was appointed, by Emperor Fer-
;
FRITHJOF, cantata, for soli, male chorus, dinand HI., organist in the imperial Hofmu-
and orchestra, by Max Bruch, op. 23. sikkapelle, Vienna, where he remained un-
Scenes from the Frithjof-Saga of Esaias til Sept. 30, when he was sent by the Em-
TegDL^r. The cantata opens with Frithjofs peror to study under Frescobaldi, at Rome,
return from the Orkneys, and closes with where he changed from the Luthei'an to
his sailing away in " Ellida " to become a the Romish faith, in accordance with the
sea rover, after firing the temple inwhich Emperor's wish. In 1611 he retui-ned to
the false kings are sacrificing.
Upton, Vienna, and resumed his position as court
Standard Cantatas, 87. organist. He relinquished this post in Oc-
FRITHJOF - SYJMPHONIE, symphony tober, 1615, but staid in Vienna certainly as
for orchestra, by Heinrich Hofmann, op. late as September, 1619. He occupied this
22, written in 1871. post for a third time from April 1, 1653, to
FRITZ, KASPAR, born in Geneva in June 30, 1657, when he incurred the Em-
1716, died there in 1782. Violinist, pupil peror's displeasure (how, is not known) and
in Turin of Giovanni Battista Somis. was discharged in disgrace. He then en-
Works Quartets and solos for violin 6
: ; tered the service of Sybilla, Dowager Duch-
symphonies Concerto for harpsichord,
; ess of Wiirtemberg, as teacher and music
etc.
Fetis Mendel, iv. 67 do., Erganz,
; ;
and passed the last years of his life
director,
115. her home at Hericourt, much beloved at
FRITZE, WILHEL:\I, born in Bremen, and revered by his pupil and patroness. He
Feb. 17, 1812, died in Stuttgart, Oct. 7, died suddenly of a stroke of apoplexy while
1881. Pianist, pupil in Bremen of Sobo- at evening prayers, and was buried. May
lewski, then studied at the Conservatorium 10, in the church at Bavilliers (Haut-Rhin).
in Leipsic, and under Biilow and Weitzmanu The monument erected over his tomb by
101
;
FEOM
Sybilla was destrojecl during the French in Stuttgart. This, and another edition,
'
Revolution. Besides these absolutely known dated 171-1, are printed from the same
facts of Froberger's life, his visits to Paris, plates as the first, but bear different titles.
'
Dresden, and London may be accounted as No copy of the edition of 1714 is known to
more than probable. In Paris he caught exist.) 2. Diverse. etc.. Prima con- . . .
the ornamented lute-style of Galot and Gau- tinuazione . . . Mogont., 1696. 3. Suites
tier and apislied it which de Clavecin, par Giacomo Froberger, 2me
to the clavecin,
proves that the accepted legend which credits edition Amsterdam Roger. (A copy is in; :
Couperin (1668-1733) with originating the the Berlin Librarj*. ) Several volumes of au-
ornameuted clavecin-stjde is
false, for the so-called French
agroments are found jjlenti-
fully in Froberger's clavecin zfto 'auoTiw
JOl
works. Liternal evidence goes
to jjlace the date of his -N-isit to
Paris before his return fromRome to Vienna I
tograpli MS., dated 1649 and 1656, are in
in 1637. His visit to Dresden was probablj' the Berlin Library ; four volumes do., in
between 1646 and 1657. The date of his visit the Vienna Hofbibliothek. Anibros, iv.
to Loudon is set at 1662 by Dr. Franz Geh- 4G3 ; Edmund Schebek, Zwei Briefe fiber
ring in Grove's Dictionary, relying upon J. J. Froberger, (Prague, 1874) . . .
Mattheson, but Ambros suspects that this Samml. mus. Vortriige, v. 357.
date should be earlier, before Froberger's FROM LOVE UNBOUNDED. See " Aus
final depai'ture from Vienna in 1657. That Liebe, nur aus Liebe," in Johann Sebastian
Froberger went to Mainz after quitting Vi- Bach's Passion nach Matthiius.
enna, as asserted by Gerber, is more than FROINIM, EMIL, born at Spremberg,
doubtful. Froberger was the first of the Nether Lusatia, Jan. 29, 1835, still living,
great German organists and clavecinists. 1889. Organist, pupil of A. W. Bach, Grell,
He brought the grand Italian style of or- and Schneider, at the Royal Institute for
gan writing, which, first developed by Church Music in Berlin, became cantor at
Claudio Merulo (1533-1604), culminated iu Cottbus in 1859, received the title of royal
Frescobaldi (1588 ?),
to Germany, and director of music iu 1866, and went to
was thus the real father of the great Ger- Flensburg as organist of St. Nicholas's in
man organ school, the precursor of Pachel- 1869. "Works: Die Kreuzigungdes Herrn,
bel, Buxtehudc, and the other immediate oratorio ; Two Passion cantatas ; Organ mu-
predecessors of Sebastian Bach. His style, sic, and songs. Mendek
if somewhat less grand than that of his FROM anOHTY KINGS, soprano air in
master Frescobaldi, was more easily grace- A major, in Handel's Judas Maccabeus,
ful and elegant. Ambros calls him the Part n.
earliest salon-composer. None of his works FROM THE VALLEYS AND HILLS.
were published during his lifetime. Those See Bohemian Girl.
published since are 1. Diverse ingegnosis-
: FROST, CHARLES JOSEPH, born at
sime e rarissime Partite di Toccate, Canzoni, Westbury-on-Trim, near Clifton, England,
Ricercari . . Stampate da Ludovico
. June 20, 1848, still living, 1889. Organist,
Bourgeat . . Mogont., 1693.
. (Two of his father, who was organist at
pujjil
copies, one with Italian, the other with Ger- Tewkesbury from 1849, of George Cooper,
man title, are in the possession of Dr. F. Steggall, and Sir John Goss was organist ;
Gehring in Vienna. A copy of a reprint, successively at different places from 1865 to

1695, is in the possession of Prof Im. Faisst 1884, when he succeeded Henry Robert
;
FEOYO
Gadsby at St. Peter's, Brockley, Surrey, a FRtJHLINGSKLANGE (Sounds of
position which he still holds. He has been Spring), symphony No. 8, in A, for orches-
also professor of the tra, by Joachim Raff, op. 205, first per-
organ at GuOdhall formed, 1878.
School of Music since FRUHLINGSPHANTASIE (Spring Fan-
1880. Mus.Bac., Cam- tasy), cantata (Conzertstiick) for four solo
bridge, 18 7 7; Mus. voices, orchestra, and pianoforte, by Niels
Doc, ib., 1882. Works: Wilhelm Gade, op. 23, written in 1850.
Nathan's Parable, ora- Subject, a poem by Edmund Lobedanz,
torio, 1878 Harvest
;
translated into English by Mrs. Van der
cantata, 1880 ; By the Weyde, for the performance of the work in
Waters of Babylon, can- London, 1878, under the direction of von
tata, 187G Services
; Biilow. Upton, Standard Cantatas, 146.
Anthems Te Deum Symphony for orches-
; ; FRY, WILLIAM HENRY, born, of Amer-
tra, 1878 Evening Service in D, 1883 The
; ; ican parentage, in Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
Gypsies, chorus, 1888; Organ music, and vania, Aug. 10, 1815, died in Santa Cruz,
songs. West Indies, Dee. 21, 18G4. About 1835
FROVO, JOAO AliVAEEZ, born in Lis- he went through a course of musical in-
struction in the United States, and wrote
'
bon, Nov. IG, 1G08, died in January, 1G82.

Mestre de capella to Dom Joao IV., and of four orchestral overtures which were pub-
the Cathedral of Lisbon, and hbrarian of licly performed in 1845 he produced an
;
the royal musical library. He composed English opera entitled Leonora, which was
hymns, masses, motets, etc., preserved in given in Philadelj)hia, and later in New
the royal library of Portugal, and wrote sev- York. In 1846 he went to Europe as
eral theoretical works. Fetis ; Vascoucel- regular correspondent of the New York
los, Mus. Portug., i. 113 ; Mendel. Tribune, and on his return to New York,
FRUH, ARMIN LEBERECHT, born at in 1852, he became its musical editor. He
Muhlhausen, Bavaria, Sept. 1.5, 1820, still wrote the music to an ode for the opening
living, 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of of the New York Industrial Exhibition of
Dehu in Berlin, where he settled to teach 1853, and about this time delivered a
vocal music. In 1857 he invented an appa- course of ten lectures on the history of
ratus, called by him Semeio-Melodicon, to music, illustrated by performances of com-
facilitate elementary musical instruction, by positions, among them two of his own sym-
introducing the notes to sight and hearing phonies. The Breaking Heart, and A Day in
simultaneously. Having travelled and se- the Country. A second opera, Notre Dame
cured approvals for his invention from such de Paris, was produced at the Academy of
authorities as Fctis, Moscheles, Stephen Music, Philadelphia, in April, 18G4. Be-
Heller, Auber, Halcvy, Dreyschock, the sides those mentioned, bis principal works
Paris Conservatoire, etc., he settled in 1858 are a symphonies, performed by
set of
in Dresden, to establish a factory, but JuUien's orchestra in New York Stabat ;
failed in his enterprise. Works Operas : Mater, 1854 Violin quartets, 1855
;
Can- ;
Die Bergknappen Die beiden Figaro Der tatas Songs, etc.

; ; ;
Stern von Grenada Nachtigall und Savoy-

;
FUCHS, ALBERT, born at Basel, Aug.
arde A symphony, and songs. Mendel.
;
6, 1858, still living, 1889. Instrumental
FRUHLINGS-BOTSCH.\FT (Spring's and vocal composer, pupil at the Conserva-
Leipsic (1876-79), became music
Message), cantata (Conzertstiick) for chorus torium,
and orchestra, by Niels Wilhelm Gade, op. director at Treves in 1880, and settled at
35. Breilkopf and Hiirtel (Leipsic). Oberlossnitz, near Dresden, in 1883. He
-103
FUCIIS
Las composed Hungarian suites for orches- ing, 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of
tra, pianoforte jiieces, and songs.
Eie- Sechter in Vienna, became opera-Kapell-
manu. meister at Presburg in 18G4, then acted in
FUCHS, FERDINAND KAKL, born in the same capacity at difierent theatres ; last
Vienna, Feb. 11, 1811, died there, Jan. 7, in Cologne, Hamburg, and Leipsic, and since
1848. Dramatic composer, pupil of the 1880 at the imperial opera, Vienna. His
Conservatorium, Vienna, where he soon be- opera Zingara was given at Briinn, Moravia,
came popular through his numerous songs. 1872 he wrote additional accompaniments ;
His operas, Gutteuberg, and Der Tag der to Handel's Almira for representation at
Verlobung, given 1842, show many pleasing Hamburg, and revised Schubert's Alfonso
featiu'es, but lack originalitj-. A third op- und Estrella, and Gluck's Der betrogene
era. Die Studenten von Salamanca, was not Kadi, for Vienna. His brother Robert
given. Wiener allgem. Musikzeitg. (1846), (born, Feb. 15, 1847), pupil at the Conser-
Nos. 41, 42 ; (1848), 11-17, 19-23 ; Wurz- vatorium, Vienna, where he teaches har-
bach. mony, has published a symphony, oji. 37, a
FUCHS, GEORG FRIEDRICH, born at quartet, a trio, 3 serenades, 2 sonatas for
Mainz, Dec. 3, 1752, died iu Paris, Oct. 9, violin, sonata for pianoforte, several varia-
1821. Instrumental composer, pupil of tions, etc. Eiemaun.
Cannabich at Mannheim, became military FUCHS, PETER, born in Bohemia about
music dii'ector at Zweibriicken, whence he 1750, died iu Vienna, 1804. Violin virtu-
went to Paris in 1784. At the foundation oso, studied in Prague, where he enjoyed
of the Conservatoire he was appointed one considerable reputation as earlj' as 1768 ;
of the teachers to form the musicians for then went to Hungary. Iu 1794 he was ap-
the armies of the French Republic. Works pointed : violinist in the imperial chapel iu
Mai'ches for military band ; Concertos for Vienna. He published a concerto for vio-
and horn Quartets, trios, and lin, sonatas for violin and violoncello, and
flute, clarinet, ;
duos for wiud instruments Six quartets variations for violin. Mendel Schilling.
; ;

for strings. -Fctis Gerber Meudel Schil-
; ; FUENTES, Don PASQUALE, born at
;
ling. Albayda, Valencia, early part of the 18th

FUCHS, JOHANN (NEPOMUK), born century, died, April 26, 1768. Church com-
iu Vienna, June 29, 17G0, died at Eisen- poser, one of the best of the Valencian
stadt, Hungary, Oct. 29, 1839. Dramatic school. He was
maestro de capilla of the
and church composei", pupil and great fa- Church Andres and in 1757 of the Ca-
of S.
vourite of Haydn, whom he succeeded as thedral of Valencia. "Works Masses Te : ;
conductor of Prince Eszterhazy's famous Deums Motets for 6 to 12 voices Vilhan-

; ;
orchestra. He numbers among the best cicos with orchestral accompaniment. Fo-
church composers of his time. His complete tis ; Meudel ; Viotta.
works are in the princely archives at Eisen- FUETSCH, JOACHIM JOSEF, born at
stadt, and consist of 20 operas, 3 operettas, Salzbm-g, Aug. 12, 1766, died (?). Violon-
1 cantata, 28 masses, 51 oifertories and grad- cellist, self-taught, afterwards pupil of Luigi
uals, 31 litanies and vespers, 62 Salve Regina, Zardonati, who came for a year especially
Ave, etc., and hymns, 1 Te Deum, 2 over- purpose from Verona, engaged by
for this
tures for orchestra, 1 nonet, 1 octet, 1 quar- the Archbishop of Salzburg, whose court
tet, 3 trios, and 15 quartets for male voices. violoncellist Fuetsch had become. With
Theaterzeitung (Vienna, 1840), 688 Luigi Gatti he studied thorough bass, and
;
Wurzbaeh. with Michael Haydn composition. Before

FUCHS, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born taking up the violoncello he had been in-
at Frauenthal, Styria, May 5, 1842, still liv- structed on the violin by Hafeneder and
104
:;
FtJHEEE
Leopold Mozart. He composed concertos, Buenos Ayres, 1852 ; Several compositions
sonatas, solos, etc., for violoncello, also for for orchestra. Riemann.
violonceUo and bass, and published three FUNERAL ANTHEM, music by Handel,
and foui--part songs for male voices. Fotis ;
composed for and performed at the funeral
Mendel Schilling Wiirzbach.
; ; of Queen Caroline, in the Chapel of Henry
FUHKEE, ROBERT, born at Prague, VH., Westminster Abbey, Dec. 17, 1737.
June 2, 1807, died in Vienna, Nov. 28, The score, in Buckingham Palace, is headed :
18G1. Organist, pupil of Witasek, was at " The Anthem for the Queens Carolines Fu-
first organist at Strahow, appointed princi- neral," and is dated Dec. 12, 1737. The
jial instructor at the organists' school in text, from Psalms, was probably selected by
Prague, 1830, and organist of the cathedral, the composer himself. Though the score
1839. His irregular
caused the loss of
life occujiies, in its published form, about
his position in 1845, afterwhich he lived in eighty pages, was written within five
it
Salzburg, Bavaria, and UiJper Austria, ob- days. It was given by eighty singers and
taining an appointment as organist at one hundred instrumental piî'ôi'i^si'^-
Gmunden and Ischl in 1857, which he did First j^rinted by Walsh full score, Hilndel^
;
not keep long. He finally settled in Vienna, gesellschaft (Leij^sic, 1861). Schcelcher,
where he died in the hospital. Works Handel, 192 ; Rockstro, 206 ; Chrysander,
Twenty masses, and other church music ii. 436.
FUOR DI PERIGLIO, duet for soprano
Preludes, fugues, etc., for the organ Sev- ;
eral theoretical works about the organ. Fe-

and tenor (Rossaue and Timante) in F ma-
tis; Mendel Wurzbach. ; jor, with accompaniment of 2 flutes, 2 oboes,
FUITE EN EGYPTE, LA. See Enfance 2 bassoons, strings complete, and cembalo,
du Christ. in Handel's Floridante, Act ii. Published
FUMAGALLI, ADOLFO, born at In- with additional accompaniments by Robert
zago, near Milan, Oct. 19, 1828, died in Franz, Leipsic, Kistner.
Florence, May 3, 185G. Pianist, pupil, at FURCHTE DICH NICHT, chorus in
the Milan Conservatorio, of Angeleri. He Mendelssohn's Elias, Part H.
gave his first concerts iu Milan in 1848, FURIBONDO SPIRA IL VENTO, con-
then visited Turin and Paris, travelled in tralto aria of Arsace, in E minor, with ac-
Belgium in 1854, and afterwards played in companiment of violins iu unison, and bass,
many Italian cities. Works Fantasia on I iu Handel's Farlenope, Act iii. Published
:
Puritani (Milan), Grande fantaisie de concert with additional accompaniments by Robert

on the same Others on La Favorite, Lucia, Franz, Leipsic, Kistner.
;
Norma, etc. Caprices, tarantellas, marches, FURIO CAMILLO. See Gamillus.

etc. Concerte fantastique with orchestra,
; FURLANETTO, BONAVENTURA (sur-
entitled Les clochettes. Fetis
Filippi, named Musin), born in Venice, May 27,
;
Delia vita e delle opere di Ad. F. (Milan) 1738, died there, April 6, 1817.
;
Organist,
Mendel ; Wurzbach. educated at the Jesuit College, Venice, took
FUin, VINCESLAO, born at Montepul- orders, and devoted himself to music. He
ciano, Italy, Oct. 30, 1826, died at Florence, became maestro of the girls' choir of La
Nov. 20, 1880. Dramatic and instrumental Pietii, and in 1797 maestro di cappella of
composer, pupil of Giorgetti at Florence S. Marco. He was celebrated for his
;
was maestro di cappella to the operatic fugues, and on his appointment as maestro
stages of different Italian cities, and in Con- of counterpoint at the Philharmonic Insti-
stantinople, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Ayres, tution of Venice, in 1811, he wrote for his
and Montevideo, and returned afterwards to pupils a treatise on fugue and counterpoint,
Florence. Works Atala, opera, given at which still remains in MS. Works
:
La :
105
FURSTEXAU
caduta delle mura di Gerico, and La sj)osa whither he went after having occupied a po-
de' Saci'i Cantici, II Tobia, and II voto di sition as music master at Presburg, where
Jefte, oratorios Giovanni Nepomu- he brought out also a duodrama, Pyramus
; II S.
ceno, sacred cantata ; und Thysbe. His compositions in Vienna

Galatea, dramatic can-
tata Te Deum Dies ii'fe Psalms, etc. aroused the interest of Haydn, who assisted
; ; ;
Caffi, Delia vita e del comporre tli B. him with advice. Recalled to Presburg as
Furlanetto (Venice, 1820). F6tis La- Kapellmeister at the theatre, he proved him-
;
rousse Mendel Wurzbacb.

; ; self a skilful conductor and considerably
rURSTENAU, ANTON BERNHAED, raised the standard of the ojjera there, but
born at Miinster, Oct. 20, 1792, died at finally chose Vienna for his permanent resi-
Dresden, Nov. 18, 1852. Virtuoso on tbe dence. Of his works, the following were
flute, son and pupil of Kaspar Fiii'stenau, published Quartets and trios for wind in- :
whom be even surpassed. He ajspeared struments Duos for pianoforte and violin ; ;
as a solo player wben scarcely seven Sonatas for pianoforte (2 and 4 hands) ;
years old, and from 1803 travelled exten- Rondos, variations, and dances for piano-
sively with bis fatber, earning everywhere forte Songs. Besides these are known a ;
enthusiastic applause, until be settled at mass and other church music an overture ;
Dresden in 1820 as royal chamber musi- to Schiller's Braut von Messina the duo- ;
cian. His last concert tour was made with dramas "Watwort, Isaak, Judith, Jacob und :
"Weber to London, in 1826. He j)ublished Rahel the operetta, Der Kiifig Pandorens ; ;
about 150 works, consisting of concertos, Biichse, a parody Melodramas with cho- ;
fantasias, rondos, variations, studies, tran- ruses, and cantatas. Fetis Mendel Schil- ; ;
scriptions, duos, trios, quartets, etc., for the ling Wurzbacb. ;
flute, which rank high among compositions FUX, JOIL\NN JOSEPH, born at Hir-
for this instrument.
Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. tenfeld, near Gratz, Styria, in 1060, died in
214 Fi'tis Mendel Schilling.
; ; ;Vienna, Feb. 13, 1741. He was appointed
FURSTENAU, liASPAR, born at Miin- organist of the Schottenkirche, Vienna, in
ster, Feb. 20, 1772, died at Oldenburg, 1696, and in 1698 the Emi)eror Leopold I.
May 11, 1819. Virtuoso on the flute, pupil made him court comiôser he became ;
of his father, who was a member of the Kapellmeister to the Cathedral of St. Ste-
bishop's orchestra at Miinster, and of Anton phen in 1705, vice-Kapellmeister to the impe-
Romberg then of Josef Franz Antony in rial court in 1713, and at the same time Ka-
;
composition. In 1793 he made his first suc- pellmeister to the Dowager Empress "Wil-
cessful concert tour through Germany, and helmine Amalie. On the death of Ziaui,
in 1794 became first flutist in the court or- in 1715, he was made chief Kajjellmeister
chestra at Oldenburg. When the latter was to the court, the highest ofiice then open to
disbanded, in 1811, he set out on extensive a musician. Many mai'ks of imperial favour
travels with his son Beruhard, on which were bestowed upon him. He dedicated
both acquired world wide reputation. Of his first work to Archduke, afterwards Em-
his numerous compositions about 60 works peror, Josejjh I., and his Gi'adus ad Par-
are known, consisting of concertos, fan- nassum to the Emperor Charles VI. The
tiisias, rondos, variations, pot-pourris, etc. latter monarch had him brought from Vi-
Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. 215 Fetis Men- enna in a Utter, while suffering from gout,
; ;
del ; Schilling. to witness the coronation in Prague in

FUSS, JOHANN EVANGELIST, born 1723 and to listen to one of his own operas.
at Tolna, Hungary, in 1777, died in Vienna, In spite of painful illness and all the in-
March 1819. Dramatic and church com- trigues of court he kept his office and faith-
9,
poser, pupil of Albrechtsberger in Vienna, fully performed its duties until his death.
{
IOC
; ;
GABELLONE
He was buried at St. Stephen's. Among Lis works number 405 ; and but a small portion
best pupils were Wagenseil, Tuma, Muflfat, of them has been printed. Most of them,
and Zeleuka. He was a master of composi- either in autograph or copies, are in the
Vienna Imperial Library. KOchel, Johann
understood in liis time, of tlie art of
tion, as
interweaving contrapuntal and fugue forms Josef Fux, etc. (Vienna, 1872) Allgem. d. ;
in the way then admired. His operas do Biogr., viii. 272 Fetis Gerber Mendel : ; ;
not rise above the Italian taste of his day, Schilling Wurzbach. ;
but he is seen to better advantage in his

church music, where his reverent spirit pre-
vented his abuse of the polyphonic writing GASPARO, born at GABELLONE,
so easy to him. It he had possessed the Naples about 1730, died (?). Church
genius of his younger contemj)oraries. Bach composer, and one of the best singing
and Handel, to rise above mere musical masters of Italy. A Requiem mass by him
forms, he would not have incurred the ob- was a model of its kind. The following
livion and the reputation of a pedant, which works are in the Library of S. Pietro a Ma-
are now perhaps unjustly his fate. Works jella, Naples Mass for four voices and in- : :
290 compositions in church music, including struments, original MS. ; Passion for Good
50 masses, among them the Missa cauonica, Friday, 1774 ; Fugues for two voices, 1783 ;
a masterpiece 3 Requiems ;2 Dies irse ; ;

Christus and Miserere for four voices ; 3
1 Domine Jesu Christe 1 Libera me. Do- ;
Tan turn ergo ; Cantatas and arias. Fetis.
mine 57 vespers and psalms 22 litanies
; ; G.iBLER, CHRISTOPH AUGUST, born
and completoria 14 offertories 12 gradu-
; ; at Muhldorf, Voigtland, March 15, 1767,
als 22 motets and lOG hymns. Further,
; ; died in St. Petersburg, AjH-il 1.5, 1839.
10 oratorios in Italian ;18 operas, some Studied theology, acted as secretary to a
of which were La : clemenza di Auguato, nobleman, and then pursued the study of
1702 La decima fatica
; d' Ercole, 1710 law and music together in Leipsic. He was
Elisa ; Angelica vincitrice 1716 d' Alciua, ;
a music teacher and concert plaj'er in Reval
Psyche, 1719 Costauza e Fortezza, 1723
; ;
in 1800 and the same in St. Petersburg
La Corona d' Arianua, 1726 Enea negii ;
from 1836. Works Der Pilger am Jordan, :
EUsi, 1731. Instrumental music The Con- : oratorio Songs

; Pianoforte and other in-
;
centus musico-instrumentalis, his opus 1 strumental music. Mendel ; Fetis ; Schil-
(1701) Many other partitas 38 sacred

; ;
ling.
sonate a tre Overtures and 8 pieces for

; ; GABRIEL, (MARY ANN) VIRGINIA,
clavier. The Gradus ad Parnassum (Vienna, born at Banstead, Surrey, England, of Irish
172.5, also many later editions and transla- parentage, Feb. 7, 1825, died in London,
tions) is in Latin and treats of the theoiy Aug. 7, 1877. Dramatic composer, pupil
and practice of composition. It was ap- on the pianoforte of Pixis, Dohler, and
proved of by Piccinni, Martini, and Vogler Thalberg, and in harmony and construction
Albrechtsberger and Cherubiui followed its of Molique. She married in 1874 George
method young Mozart used it in his con-
;
E. March, the author of most of her librettos.
Her death was the
result of a carriage
accident.Works
Operettas The :
Widows Bewitched,
given in London,
trapuntal exercises, and Haydn studied it The Grass Widows The Shepherd
1867 ; ;
again and again. Altogether, his known of Cornouailles Who's the Heir ? A Rainy; ;
107
GABEIELI
Day. Cantatas ; Dreamland, 1870 ; Grazi- Clearco in Negroponte, Venice, 1685 ; Ro-
ella ; Evangeline, 1873. Many songs, some doaldo, re d' Italia, ib., Teatro San Mosti,
of whicli were popular. Grove ; Brown. 1685 Teodora Augusta, ib., Teatro S. Sal-
;
GABRIELI, ANDEEA, born in the Cana- vadore, 1685 ; Maurizio, ib., 1687 ; Gordi-
reggio quarter (whence called also Andrea ano, ib., 1688 Le geuerose gare tra Cesare ;
da Canareggio, or da Canareio) of Venice e Pompeo, Venice, 1686 Carlo il Grande, ;
about 1510, died in Venice, 1.5SG. Born of ib., 1688 Cantate a voce sola (Bologna, ;
one of the oldest and most distinguished 1691) VexiUum pacis, motet for contralto
;
families in Venice, he studied composition with instruments (ib., 1695) Balletti, gighe, ;
under Adrien Willaert. In 153G he entered correnti, e sarabande, for two violins and
the choir of St. Mark's; in 1558 he was, to- violoncello, with basso continuo (ib., 1703).
gether with Zarlino, elected member of the Fctis ; Mendel.
Accademia della Fama in 1566 he suc-; GABRIELI, GIOVANNI, born in Venice,
ceeded Claudio Merulo as second organist 1557, died there, Aug. 12, 1G12 (1613?).
at St. Mark's, and again as first organist in Church composer and organist, nephew
1584. In 1574 the Republic commissioned and pupil of Andrea Gabrieli, acquired con-
him to write the music given at the recep- siderable reputation early in life, and in
tion of Henri III. of France. Although his 1585 succeeded Claudio Merulo as first or-
fame has been somewhat overshadowed by ganist at San Marco. Like his uncle, he
that of his nephew Giovanni, he was one of entertained a lively intercourse Avith the
the glories of the great Venetian contrapun- German masters of his period, and was es-
tal school. Noted as an organist and organ pecially allied in close friendship with
writer during bis lifetime, his greatest fame his famous co-disciple,Hans Leo Hassler.
rests
upon his choral works masses, mo- Among his patrons in Germany, where he
tets, and madrigals. He was the first con- was the most esteemed of foreign masters,
trapuntist to write a real fugue, which form were Duke Albrecht V. of Bavai-ia and his
was afterwards developed into the tonal sons, and the Counts of Fugger at Augs-
fugue by Frescobaldi. He was also noted burg. As a te.acher he was sought fai- and
as a teacher Giovanni Gabrieli, Hans Leo wide
; his most renowned pupil was Heiu-
;
Hassler, and Jan Pieter Swelinck were rich Schiitz, who spent four years in Venice,
among his pupils. He himself accounted sent there by the Elector Maurice of Sax-
his Psalmi Davidici, qui ^Jcenitentiales nun- ony. Together with Palestriua and Orlando
cupantur (Venice, 1583) his greatest work. Lasso, Giovanni Gabrieli represents the
His Psalm Ixv., Deus misereatur, for three culminating glory of the strict contrapun-
choruses, far surpassed anything of the sort tal schools of the IGth century he was in- ;
that had been written up to his time.

Am- disputably the greatest genius of the Vene-
bros, iii. 523. tian school. Unlike Palestrina, who always
GABRIELI, DOMENICO,surnamed wrote strictly a cappella, Gabrieli often in-
Meughino del violoncello, born at Bologna troduced instrumental parts in his great
about 1640, died there about 1G90. Dra- choral works, although a cappella writing,
matic composer and virtuoso on the violon- often for two or three choruses, was still
cello was at first connected with the Church his habitual style.
; But these instrumental
of S. Petronio in his native city, and after- parts did not, in any sense, form an accom-
wards in the service of Cardinal Panfili, paniment to the voices his treatment of ;
grand prior of Rome. Member of the Ac- them was totally different from that whicli
cademia Filarmouica, 1676 principe, 1683. we find in the stilo concertante which sprang
;
Works Cleobulo, given at Bologna, Teatro up later, during the decline of the "great"
:
Formagliari, 1683 Gige in Lidia, ib., 1683 Roman school. His choice of instiiimeuts,
; ;
; :
GABEIELLI
too, bears no relation to even the most ru- GABUSSI, VINCENZO, born in Bologna
dimentary form of the orchestra. If he falls about 1800, died in London, Sept. 12, 1846.
somewhat behind Palestriua in perfection Dramatic composer, pupil of Padre Mattel.
of formal beauty, he equals him in sublim- After producing his first opera in Modena,
ity, and often siirj)asses him in wealth of in 1825, he went to London and resided
colouring. The twelve-voice Benedictus, in there as a teacher until 1840, when he re-
Rochlitz (i. 34), is a masterpiece of its kind. turned to Italy to bring out another opera.
Works : Psalmi poeuitentiales 6 vocum He is best known by his vocal duets, which
(1583) ; Madrigali a 6 voci o istromenti are still sung in England. Works Operas
(1585) Madrigali e ricercari a 4 voci (1587)
; I furbi al cimento, Modena, 1825 ; Ernani,
Ecclesiastics cantioues 4-0 vocum (1589) Clemenza
;
Theatre des Italiens, Paris, 1834 ;
Sacrse symphoniae, for 6-16 voices or instru- di Valois, Fenice, Venice, 1841. Songs and
ments (1597) do., 2d book, for G-19 voices part-songs Chamber music. Grove Fe-
; ; ;
(1615) Canzoni e souate a 3-32 voci (1615). tis Larousse Mendel.

; ; ;
Single pieces are published in almost all GABUZIO, GIULIO CESARE, born in
collections of the time up to 1620. Wiuter- Bologna, half of the 10th century,
first
feld, Johannes Gabrieli und sein Zeitalter died (?). Maestro di cappella of the Cathe-
(Berlin, 1834) ; Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. dral of jMilan. Works Motets for five and :
-GABEIELLI, Conte NICOLO, born at six voices (Venice, 1586) Magnificat and ;
Naples, Feb. 21, 1814, still living, 1889. other church compositions (Milan, 1587).
Dramatic composer, pupiil of Busti in sing- Fetis Mendel. ;
ing and of Ziugarelli and Donizetti in com- GACES BRULES (Brulez), one of the
position. He settled in Paris in 1854. He best and most prolific composers of chan-
has brought out 22 ojêras and written 60 sons of the 13th century, died after 1255.
ballets, allshowing more facility than merit. Some of the old MSS. give his name as
They were given at the Teatro Nuovo, and Gaste-Bk'. Seventy-nine of his chansons
Teatro San Carlo, Naples, in 1835-47, and are extant, sixty-three of which are in the
a few in Paris, and were mostly unsuccessful. National Library, Paris, with the airs of
Fetis, 369 do., SuppK-meut,
iii. ; i. 354 some attached to them. Fetis Mendel.
;
;
Mendel, iv. 99 do., Ergimz., 115 ; ; Vape- GADE, NIELS (WILHELM), born at
reau, Contemporaius. Copenhagen, Oct. 22,
GABRIELSia, JOH.\NN WTLHELM, 1817, still living, 1889.
May 27, 1791, died there, The son of a musical
born in Berlin,
Sept. 18, 1846. Flutist, pupil of the artil- instrument maker, he
lery caj^tain Vogel, and of the chamber mu- early learned the gui-
sician A. Schrock appeared in public in ; tar, violin, and piano-
1810, obtained an engagement at the the- forte ; later studied
atre in Stettin, 1814, and became royal under Wershall, Berg-
chamber musician in Berlin in 1816, when green, and Weyse, un-
he studied theory and composition under der whom he began to
Giirrlich, Seidel, and Birnbach. He made compose, but afterwards looked upon these
concert tours in North Germany from 1812, early efibrts as of little value. He became
and to Warsaw in 1822. He composed con- a violinist in the royal orchestra at Copen-
certos, solos, duos, trios, and quartets for hagen, and soon began to develop that origi-
his instrument, besides some songs. His nal power as a composer which has j)laced
brother and pupil Julius (1806-78), was also him in the foremost rank of contemporary
a noted virtuoso on the flute, and composer. musicians. By the vote of Spohr and
Fctis ; Mendel, Schneider his Ossian overtm-e was awarded
109
GADSBY
the prize offered by the Copenhagen Musi- as well as his harmony, bear the unmistak-
cal Union in 1841. This was followed by able stamj) of his Scandinavian associations,
his first symphony in C minor, the score of but he never forces the " national " element
which he sent to Mendelssohn at Leij)sic, to the point of eccentricity. In his earlier
and it was brought out at the Gewand- period his genius gave evidence of the most
haus, March 2, 1843, to general admiration. brilliant originality, but he has not wholly
This second brilliant success induced the kept the promise of his youth, and among
King of Denmark to allow Gade money to his later works one looks in vain for that
visit the great musical centres of Europe. divine spark which gave life to his first sym-
He went to Leipsic, where he remained until phony (which was at one time looked ujjou
near the end of 1843, when he made a short as an epoch-making work) and his earlier
trip to Italy, but soon returned to Leipsic, overtures. In 1886 he was made Com-
as Mendelssohn, who had gone to Berlin, mander of the Order of Dauebrog. Works :
offered him the conductorship of the Ge- 8 symphonies, in C minor, oj). 5, E, op. 10,
wandhaus concerts. Gade filled this post A minor, op. 15, B-flat, op. 20, D minor
during 181-1 15, and on Mendelssohn's re- (with jiianoforte), op. 25, G minor, op. 32,
turn continued as sub-conductor under him F, oj). 45, and B minor, op. 47 5 over- ;
in 1845-4G. On March 3, 1846, he brought tures Nachkiange von Ossiau, Im Hoch-

:
out his cantata of Comala. After Mendels- land, op. 7, Overture in C, op. 14, Hamlet,
sohn's death (Nov. 4, 1847), Gade resumed op. 37, Michelangelo, op. 39 Novelletten, 4 ;
his functions as conductor in chief, contin- pieces for string orchestra, op. 53 Octet ;
uing until 1848, when he was succeeded by for strings, op. 17 Sextet for do. Quartet ; ;
Julius Rietz. He then returned to Coisen- for do. Pianoforte trio, op. 42 3 sonatas
; ;
hagen, where he has remained ever since, for violin. No. 2, op. 21, No. 3, op. 59 8 ;
excepting a short visit to England in 1876, cantatas Comala, op. 12, Friihlings-FlmiiX-
:
to conduct his Crusaders and Zion at the tasie, op. 23, ErlkOnigs Tochter (Elverskud),
Birmingham Festival. On his return to op. 30, Friihlings-'BoisQkii.ii, op. 35, Die
Copenhagen he accepted a post as organist,
and was made conductor of the Musical
Union. In 1861 he succeeded Glaeser, de-
ceased, as coui-t conductor. Besides the ex-
ercise of his official functions, he has de-
voted his time wholly to composition and
teaching. As a composer Gade stands in Heilige Nacht, op. 40, Die Kreuzfahrer, op.
a manner by himself if the cut of his mel- 50, Zion, op. 49, Psyche, op. 60 Sommertag
; ;
odies (in spite of their distinctly Northern auf dem Lande, 5 pieces for orchestra, op.
character) and the general phj'sioguomy of 55 ; Concerto for violin and orchestra, op.
his style resemble Mendelssohn, and he 56 ; Holbergiana, suite for orchestra, op.
tends somewhat in Schumann's direction by 61Volkstilnze, for violin, with pianoforte,
;
his romanticism, he never attained either op. 62 Sonata, Aquarelles, Folk-dances,

;
to the complete mastery of form and organic Northern Tone-pictures, and many other solo
musical development of the former nor to works for pianoforte Choruses for male and ;
the intensity of expression and depth of mixed voices; German and Scandinavian
thought of the latter. His resemblance to songs. Ulustr. Zeitg. (1872), 288 Men- i. ;
Mendelssohn is, after aU, superficial. His del Riemann. ;
striking merits are clearness, simplicity, GADSBY, HENRY ROBERT, born in

warmth and grace of expression, and a London, Dec. 15, 1842, still living, 1889.
never-failing sense of beauty. His themes, Pianist, son of a musician, principally self-
no
;
GAEBLER
taught. He was a member of the choir Siingerbund ; later he became also conduc-
of St, Paul's in 1849-58 ; organist of St. Pe- tor of the Handel and Haydn Society. In
ter's, Broekley, Surrey, 1859 he gave the first series of classical con-
till 1884: ;
professor certs in the Academy of Music, which for
at Guildhall School of thirty-one years be has continued success-
Music ;
jjrofessor of fully. In 1867 he founded a conservatory
harmony at Queen's of music, which is still flourishing under
College, Loudon, 1884. his direction. His numerous compositions
Works Cantatas : Al- include orchestral works, violin solos, and
ice Brand, 1870 ; The vocal music, and he has published also
Lord of the Isles, text methods for the pianoforte and violin, and
by Prank Murray, from a system of vocal training.
Scott, 1879; Colum- GAFFI, BERNARDO, composer of the
bus, for male voices, Roman school, early part of the 18th cen-
1881. Overtures Andromeda, 1873 The
: ; tury. His Cantata Amore was pub-
dell'
Golden Legend The Witches' Frolic.

; lished in Rome in 1700. The Lyceo of Bo-
Music to Alcestis, 187G Symphonies for ; logna has several cantatas in MS. Fetis
orchestra in A, C, and D String quartet, ; Schilling Mendel. ;
187.5 ; Festival service for eight voices, GAGLIANO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA

in D ; Service in C, 1872 ; 130th Psalm ;
DI ZANOBI DA, born in Florence about
Audaute and rondo for pianoforte and flute 1580, died (?). Brother of Marco di Zanobi ;
Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in D Te da Gagliano was in the service of the ; ;
Deum in E-flat Festival symjihony in D, Medici

; succeeded Alfonso Benevenuti, ;
1888 Anthems Part-songs, etc.

; ; chaplain of S. Lorenzo, as maestro of the
GAEBLER, ERNST FRIEDKICH, born clerks of that college. Works Motets :
;
in Bunzlau in 1815, still living, 1889. Pupil Madrigals (Venice, 1603-23). Fetis; Schil-
of C. Karow and at the Berlin Institute for ling Mendel. ;
Church Music under A. W. Bach, besides GAGLLINO, MARCO DI ZANOBI DA,

attending the lectures of A. B. Marx suc- born in Florence, second half of the 16th ;
ceeded KOhler as music director and teacher century, died there, Feb. 24, 1642. Dra-
of the Piidagogium and Orphan House in matic composer, pupil of Luca Bati. He
Ziillichau. He has comjôsed motets, songs, became, in 1702, maestro di cappella of S.
and other pieces. Mendel
Fotis Schil- Lorenzo, where his compositions were still
; ;
ling, Supplement, 156. performed at the beginning of this century.

GAERTNER, KARL, born at Stralsund, Under the name of I'Alfannato he was a
Oct. 21, 1823, still Uving, in Philadelphia, member of the Accademia degli Elevati.
1889. Violinist, pupil at Greifswald of Abel, His most important work is the opera TJafne,
and at the Conservatorium, Leipsic, of Men- written for the wedding of Francesco Gon-
delssohn, David, and Hauptmann played in zaga, sou of the Duke of Mantua, 1607, one
;
the Gewandbaus orchestra until 1848, when of the earliest productions of this kind.
he travelled through Germany as a virtuoso, Other works Misse a cinque voci (Venice, :
in which capacity he went to America in 1579) ; Responsorj della Settimana Santa

1852. In Boston and other cities he awak- (ib., H primo libro de' madrigali (ib.,
1580) ;
ened a taste for classical music by his ex- 1602) secondo ed il terzo libro, etc. (ib.,
; II
cellent performances, and in 1858 went to 1601) Libro quinto, etc. (ib., 1606) Mu-
; ;
Philadelphia to conduct the chorus at the siche a una, due e tre voci (ib., 1615) Li- ;
Steuben festival, and remained there as mu- bro sesto de' madrigali (ib., 1617) Respon- ;
sical director of the old Miinuerchor and the sorj della Settimana Santa (Venice, Bar-
: ;
GAGLIAllDI
tolomeo Magni, 1630) was considered Lis July 24, 1819. Dramatic composer and
best work. The melodies, Bel pastor del singer, pupil of Meugozzi in singing after ;
cui bel guardo, and Ecco solinga delle selve a concert tour through Southern France
arnica, were in great favour, in his time. and Sijain, and writing an opera for private
Ambros, iv. 288 Fetis Mendel Eock- ; ; ; representation, she studied harmony and
stro. Hist. Music, 107. counterpoint under Fc'tis, Perne, and Neu-
GAGLIAEDI, DIONISIO POLIANI, komm. In 181G she sang in London, and in
born at Naples in 1811, died there in 1835. 1818 gave concerts, with Mme Catalani, in
Dramatic composer, pupil of the Royal Germany and Vienna.
"Works: Les deux
College of Music, Naples. Works Operas jaloux, opora-comique Mademoiselle de
: ;
L' antiquario e la modista, opera bulla, Na- Launay a la Bastille, do., given at the The-
ples, 1828 La strega di Dernegleuch, ib.,
;
atre Feydeau, 1813 Angela, ou I'atelier de ;
1830 Le due gemelle, ib., 1831

; E lan- Jean Cousin (with Boieldieu), La meprise,
;
gravio di Turingia, ib., 1832 La casa a ib., 1814 La serenade, ib., 1818 Romances
; ; ;
veudere, ib., 1834 Pulcinello coudaunato,

; and nocturnes. Fctis do.. Supplement, ;
1835 Le ferriere di Maremma La barca-

; i. 355 Mendel. ; ;
juola svizzera E coscritto. His langravio

; GAILI^mD. See Galliard.
di Turingia, his best work, was given ten GALATEE, opera-comique, in two acts,
years after his death as Candida e Luigi. text by Jules Barbier and IMichel Carre,
Fctis; Mendel. music by Victor Masse, first represented
GAGNI, ANGELO, dramatic composer, at the Opera Comique, Paris, April 14,
born in Florence, middle of the 18th cen- 1852. Pygmalion, having finished a beauti-
tury, died (?). His opera buffa, I pazzi ful statue of Galatee, falls in love with it,
gloi'iosi, Milan, 1783, is also known as I and prays Venus to give it life. Galatee,
matti gloriosi. Fetis
IMendel. become a woman, exhibits a thousand ca-
;
GAHRICH, WENZEL, born at Zercho- prices and disappoints Pygmalion by her

witz, Bohemia, Sept. IG, 1791, died in Ber- ingratitude. She prefers his sen'ant Gany-
lin, Sept. 15, 18G1. He studied law at mede to his melancholy love, accepts pres-
Leipsic Universitj', but poverty compelled ents from old IVEdas, and gets intoxicated
him to become a violinist in the theatre or- on Chian wine. At last, when she is about
chestra there. In 1825 he joined the royal to fly with Ganymede, he prays that she
orchestra in Berlin, and in 1815-00 was may be turned again into a statue, which he
conductor of the ballet at the Opera. The sells without regret to Midas. The charac-
merit of his compositions should have se- ters of Pygmalion and Galatee were played
cured for him more than the local fame he by Mile Vertheimber and Mme Ugalde
enjoyed especially his ballet music is of an those of JEdas and Ganymede by Mme
;
indisputably high order. "Works Operas Sainte-Foy and Mocker. The briudisi,
:
Die Creolin Der Freibeuter. Ballets "Ah! verse encore," obtained a gi-eat suc-
;
Don Quixote Die lusel der Liebe Der cess. Larousse, viii. 93G.
; ;
Seeriiuber Aladdin, etc., 2 symphonies for
; GALEAZZI, ANTONIO, born at Brescia,
grand orchestra Quartet for pianoforte lived mostly in Rome and Venice in the
;
and strings, op. 4 Concertino for viola and early part of the 18th century. Dramatic
;
orchestra 5 collections of dances for or- and church composer.

; Works Zelniira in :
chestra and for pianoforte Songs, etc. Creta, opera, given in Venice, 1729 E tri-
; ;
Mendel Futis do., Supplement, i. 353 onfo della costanza in Statira, ib., 1731.
; ; ;
Riemann. Much of his church music is to be found in

GAlL, EDlNlfiE SOPHIE (born Garre), the Library of S. M. Maggiore, Rome. He
born in Paris, Aug. 28, 1775, died there, rewrote also part of the opera, I tre difensori
;
GALEAZZI
della patria, by Pescetti, which was given in the 17th century. He composed a cantata,
this form at Pailua, Teatro Obizzi, in 1730. II coute Ugoliuo, for one voice with accom-
Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. paniment of lute and viol, and a dramatic
GALEAZZI, FRANCESCO, born Turin setting of the Lamentations of Jeremiah.
in
in 1738 (1758 ?), died in Eome in 1819. He was the author also of several theoreti-
Violinist, leader of the baud at the Teatro cal works Discorso della musica antica e
:
Valle, Eome, for fifteen years afterwards della moderua (Florence, 1581
; 2d ed., ;
professor of the violin at Ascoli. Besides 1G02) II Frouimo, etc. (ib., 1583) Discorso
; ;
numerous comj)ositions for the violin and iutorno alle ojjere di messer Gioseftb Zarlino
other instruments, he deserves special no- di Chioggia (ib., 1589). Fetis Larousse. ;
tice for his Elementi teoretico-practici di GALIMATHIAS MUSICUM, a comic

musica, etc. (Rome, 1791-9G), one of the piece for orchestra, with clavier and other
earliest methodical instruction books for instruments obligato, by Mozart, first per-
the violin. Fctis ; Grove ; Larousse. formed at The Hague, March 8, 17G6, for
GALENO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, lived the festivities at the coming of age of Will-
in the second half of the IGth century. He iam of Orange the
Mozart was then Fifth.
was in the service of the Emperor Rudolph only which is in
ten years old. The piece,
II. of Austria from his earliest years. thirteen short numbers, ends with a varia-
Works: Madrigals (Venice, 1587, 1598; tion on the Dutch national air, Wilhelmus
Antwerp, 1591). Fetis Mendel. ; von Nassau. Galimathias is a French term,
GALIBERT, PIERRE CHRISTOPHE of doubtful derivation, meaning gibberish.
CHARLES, born in Pei-pignan, Aug. 8,
KOchel, No. 32 Otto Jahn, 2d ed., i. ; U ;
182G, died in Paris, August, 1858. Dra- Grove.

matic comjjoser, pupil at the Conservatoire GALITZIN, Prince GEORG, born in St.
from 1815, under Bazin, Elwart, and Halevy. Petersburg in 1823, died there in Septem-
He won the 2d grand prix de Rome in ber, 1872. Composer of church, instru-
1851, and the 1st in 1853. On his return mental, and vocal music gave concerts in ;
to Paris in 1857 he brought out an opera, Germany, Great Britain, and France, with a
Apri'S I'orage, which was well received, and large orchestra of his own, to make a propa-
gave much promise, but it was his only ganda for Russian music. At Moscow he
work besides two cantatas, Le prisonnier, entertained since 1842 a choir of seventy
and Les rochers d'Appeuzell, and a few other boys, whom he instructed in person. He

compositions. Fetis Mendel. ; has written masses, orchestral works, solos
GALILEI, VINCENZO, born in Florence for various instruments, choruses, songs,

about 1533, died there about IGOO. Lute etc. Futis, Supijk'ment, i. 35G Mendel ;
and viol player, pujsil of Gioseffo Zarliuo. Riemann.

He was a noble and the father of Galileo GALLAY, JACQUES FRANCOIS, born
Galilei, the famous astronomer and philos- at PeriJignan, France, Dec. 8, 1795, died iu
opher. Associated with Giovanni Bardi, Paris, October, 18G4. Virtuoso on the horn,
Piero Strozzi, Corsi, Peri, Caccini, and oth- first instructed by his father, an amateur,
ers, he was one of the first to introduce dra- then pupil of Ozi, and at the Conservatoire,
matic music in Italy. A warm champion of Paris, of Dauprat, 1820 won the first prize ;
antique music, he took a prominent part in in 1821, became a member of the royal or-
the dispute with the supporters of the con- chestra, and of the orchestras of the Odeon,
traiûutal style, among whom was his old and the Theatre Italien in 1825, chamber
master Zarlino, and against whom he wrote musician to Louis Philippe in 1832, and
a pamphlet. He was one of the prominent professor at the Conservatoire in 1842.
figures in the Florentine Music-Reform of He composed concertos, nocturnes, etudes,
113
GALLENBEPtG
duos, trios, aiicl quartets, and publislied a 16th century. Church composer ; one of
method for liorn. Fotis ; do., Sujiplt'ineut, the musicians of the College of Saint-Amat,
i. 356 ; Mendel ; Riemann. Douai. Works : Sacrse cantiones 5, 6, et
GALLENBERG, WENZEL ROBERT, plurium vocum (1586) ; Hymni communes
Graf VON, born iu Vienna, Dec. 28, 1783, Sanctorum (1596). FiJtis ; Mendel ; Rie-
died in Rome, March 13, 1839. Pupil of Al- mann.
brechtsberger married, in 1803, to Count-
; GALLI, ATkHNTORE, born at Rimini,
ess Ginlietta Guicciardi, who had been
loved Oct. 12, 1845, still living, 1889. Dramatic
by Beethoven. He wrote in 1805 music for composer, pupil of CrotTat the Conservatorio
Joseph Bonaparte's festival iu Naples was ; of Milan was director of a music school
;
associated with Barbaja in 1821-23 in the in the province of Modena, and became a
management of the Vienna court theatre, successful composer of operas, but is best
which he undertook to conduct in 1829, known bj' his writings on music. He is
and failed from want of funds. He then the musical critic for " II Secolo," and now
joined Barbaja in Naples as ballet composer conducts the great publishing house of
and director. Works About 50 ballets, : Edoardo Sonzogno, Milan. Works Cesare:
including Samson, 1811 Arsinoe, and Te- ; al Rubicone, opera, given with success II ;
lemacco, 1813 I riti ludiani, 1814 Am-

; ; risorgimento, given in Rome, about 1870 ;
leto, 1815 Alfred der Grosse, 1820

; Jeanne ; n corno d' oro ; Cristo al Golgota, oratorio,
d' Arc, 1821 Margherita, regina di Catania,
; L' espiazione, cantata, Milan, 1867 ; Masses;
1822 Ismaans Grab, 1823 La caravana
; ; Stabat Mater. ^Fctis, Supplement, i. 358 ;
del Cairo, 1824 Ottavio PineUi, 1828 Das ; ; Mendel, Ergiiuz., 116.
befreite Jerusalem, 1828 Cresar iu Aegjp- ; GALLI (Gallus), EUGENIO, born at
ten, 1829 Theodosia, 1831 ; Orpheus und
; Lucca, Italy, Feb. 12, 1810, died there, Sept.
Em-ydice, 1831 Agnes und Fitz Henri, 1833;
; 1, 1867. Church composer, pujiil of Marco
Bianca's Wahl, 1835 and Latona's Rache, ; Santucci, finished his musical education in
1838. He
wrote also marches, a sonata, Vienna, where he became an excellent con-
fantasias, and other pieces for j)ianoforte. trapuntist, and after his retiu-n to Lucca was
Grove Fctis Mendel Wurzbach.
; appointed professor of counterpoint at the
; ;
GALLERANO (Galerauo), LEANDRO, Musical Institute. Later on he was direc-

born in Brescia, end of the IGth century. tor of the ducal chapel. He wrote several
He was organist of S. Francesco, and mem- masses for 4 voices with orchestra, a Re-
ber of the Accademia de gli Occulti in quiem, and fugues for the organ. Fetis,
that city, under the name of 1' luvolato. Suj)plemeut, i. 258.
From Brescia he went to Padua, and became GALLI, VINCENZO, born in Sicily,
maestro di cappella of the Church of S. An- about the middle of the 16th century.
tonio. Works II primo libro delle Messe, Franciscan monk, maestro di cappella of
:
op. 1 (Venice, 1G19) H secondo, do., op. 3 the Cathedral of Palermo.

; His masses,
(ib., 1620) Salmi intieri, op. 5 (ib., 1624) psalms, and madrigals wei-e published in
;
;
Missarum et Psalmorum quinque vocibus Palermo (1589-1607). With the proceeds

liber primus, oi5. 14 (ib., 1628) Missa e of their sales he enlarged the Convent of
;
salmi concei'tati (ib., 1629) do., ojx 16 (ib., the Annunciation, and had cut on one of
;
1630) II primo libro de Motetti (ib.) Mo- the columns of that building the words,
; ;
tetti a voce sola con organo (ib.) Complete " Musica Galli." Fetis Mendel. ; ;
e Litanie a otto voci con stromcnti (ib.). GALLIA, motet for soprano solo, chorus,
Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; and orchestra, by Gounod, first performed
;
GALLET, FRANgOIS (Franciscus Galle- at the opening of the International Exhi-

tius), born in Mons about the middle of the bition, Albert Hall, Loudon, May 1, 1871.
114
"
GALLIAED
The text is from the Lamentations of Jerc- GALLUCCIO, GERARDO, maestro di
miab. cappella at Pavia in the last years of the
GALLIAED, JOHANN, EENST, born at IGth century. He composed masses, psalms,
Zell, Hanover, about 1(387, died in Loudon litanies, etc. (Venice, 1597). Fetis Mendel. ;
in 17-49. Dramatic comisoser, jjupil of Fa- GALLUS, JACOBUS, born in Carniola

riuelli, then director of tlie concerts at Han- about 1550, died at Prague, July 4, 1591.
over, and of Steftani. He won distinction His real name was Jacob Hiihnel (Hiindl,
as an oboist, went to Eugland about 170G, Handl, etc.). Contrapuntist, Kapellmeister
and was ajipointed chamber musician to to Stanislas Pawlowski, Bishop of Olmiitz,
Prince George of Denmark, and, on the and afterwards in the imperial cliajiel,
death of Draglii, organist at Somerset House. Prague. He wrote in the old church
He wrote the music for Hughe's opera. tones, before the modern distinction be-
Calypso and Telemachus, 1712, and was tween major and minor existed, and was
emploj'ed by Rich to furnish music for his one of the most distinguished German con-
masques, etc., from 1717. In 1728 he set to temjioraries of Palestrina and Orlando
music the morning hymn of Adam and Eve Lasso. In 1588 Emperor Rudolf H.
from Milton's " Paradise Lost," an admirable granted him a ten years' privilege for the
composition, afterwards enlarged by Dr. publication of his works. Those known
Benjamin Cooke, who made additions to the are Missse selectiores, for 5-8 voices, 4 :
orchestral accompaniments. Other works books (1580) Musici operis harmoniarium,

: ;
Music for Julius Cnesar, 1715 Pan and Sy- for 4-8 and more voices (Prague, Part L,
;
rinx, 1717 Jupiter and Europa, 1723 The 1586

; Parts H. and IH., 1587
; Part IV., ; ;
Necromancer or Harlequin, Apollo, and 1589) Moralia 5, 6 et 8 vocibus concinnata

; ;
Daphne, 172G Dr. Faustus, 1723

; The (Nuremberg, 1586); Epicedionharmonicum
;
Royal Chace, or Merlin's Cave, 1736, musi- (1589) Harmonise varite 4 vocum (Prague, ;
cal entertainment, in which occurred the 1591) Harmoniarum moralium, do., 3 parts ;
"
famous hunting song, " With early horn (ib., 1589-90) Sacrse cantiones de prseci-
; ;
"
The music for Lee's tragedj', ffidipus puis festis, for 4-8 and more voices (Nu-
;
Several cantatas, songs, and instrumental remberg, 1597) Motettpe quaj pra?stant ;
music. Grove Fetis. ; omnes (Frankfort, 1610). Bodenschatz's

GALLICULUS, JOHANN, lived in Leip- Florilegium Porten.se contains 19 pieces by
sic about 1.520. His motets and jisalms him, among them the famous Ecce quomodo
were published in " Novum et insigne opus moritur Justus others are in Proske's ]\Iu- ;
musicum" (1537); in Petrejus's "Psalmi sica divina, and in the collections of Schij-
select!" (1538); in Rhaws' "Harmonire berlein, Zahn, Becker, Rochlitz, etc. Rie-
selectfe," etc. (1538) and in Vesperarum mann
; Fetis Mendel Grove Ambros, ; ; ; ;
precum officia, etc. (1540). He was the au- Geschichte, iii. 557 Naumann (Ouseley), i. ;
thor, also, of a theoretical treatise, "Isa- G14.

goge de compositione cantus " (1st and 4th (in French, Jean
GxVLLUS, JOHANNES
ed., 1520, 1548), called also, "Libellus de le Cocq, Maitre Mestre Jhan, etc.), Jean,
compositione cantus" (2d and 3d ed., 1538, born in the Netherlands, died before 1543.
1546).
Fetis Mendel ; Eiemann. ; He was maestro di cappella to Duke Ercole
GALLO, DOMENICO, born in Venice of Ferrara, and composed motets and other
about 1730. Violinist and composer of music, preserved in collections. He was
church music, sonatas for violin, and sym- long confounded with Jhan Gero. Rie-
phonies for 2 violins, viola, and violon- mann.
cello, all of which are still in
MS. Petis GALUPPI,
;
BALDASSARE (called H
Mendel. Buranello), born in the island of Burano,
115
;
GAMBAEA
uear Venice, Oct. IS, 170G, died in Venice, ib., 1752 Alessandro nell' Indie, ib., 1755
; ;
Jan. 3, 1785. Dramatic composer, pupil Sesostri, Venice, 1757 Aifriano in Siria, ;
of bis father, a barber, who plaj-ed the vio- Italy, 1760 Cajo Mario, ib., 1764 Didone; ;
lin at the theatre. He went to Venice when abbandonata, St. Petersburg, 1766 ; Ifigenia
sixteen and was organist of several minor in Tauride, ib., 17G8.Fetis Grove Men- ; ;
churches in succession. Although ignorant del Schilling Hogarth, Memoirs of Mus.

; ;
of the rules of composition he composed an Drama, i. 396.

opera buffa. La fede nell' inconstanza, ossia GAMBARA, Cavaliere CARLO ANTO-
gli amici rivali, which was hissed off the stage. NIO, born in Venice in 1774. Instrumental
He was on the point of giving up music and composer he was edu-
; of noble parentage,
becoming a barber, when Marcello pi-ocured cated in the college for the sons of nobles
his admission to the Conservatorio degli at Parma, where he studied the violin under
Incurabili, where he studied counterpoint ]\Ielegari, violoncello under Ghiretti, and
for three years under Lotti. Marcello also counterpoint under Colla. On leaving col-
helped him by writing the libretto of Do- lege he went to Brescia to finish his musical
rinda, which was well received, in 1729, at studies under Cannetti, maestro di cajjpella
the Teatro San Angelo. He studied the of the cathedral. Works 4 symphonies :
harpsichord at this time and became a cele- for grand orchestra Concertante for sev- ;
brated player. His operas held the stage eral instruments Quintet for harp, violin, ;
from 1729 to 1797. In 17-41 he was in Eng- mandolin, viola, and violoncello 2 books ;
land, where his style produced a marked of trios for 2 violins and bass 2 do. of ;
effect on dramatic music. In 17G2-64: he quartets Vocal music- Fetis Mendel.

; ;
was maestro di capiêlla of >S. Marco, Ven- GAMBINI, CARLO ANDREA, born at
ice, director of the Incurabili, and organist Genoa, Oct. 22, 1819, died there, Feb. 14,
of several churches. About 1767 he went 1865. Dramatic composer and pianist
to St. Petersburg at the invitation of Cath- held a position in his native city, which
erine n., and brought out there two ojjeras made him, so to speak, the musical chief in
with great success, but returned to Italy in that part of Italy. Works Operas Eufe- :
1768 and resumed his position in the In- mio di Messina, given in Milan, 1833 II ;
curabili. None of his operas, of which Fo- Nuovo Tartufo, Genoa, Teatro Apollo, 1854 ;
tis gives a list of fifty-four, have survived on Don Grifone, Turin, Teatro Rossini, 1856 ;
the stage since Rossini. He composed the I Tessali e la vendetta della schiava Cristo- ;
music for a cantata for five voices, n ri- foro Colombo, dramatic symphony Music ;
torno di Tobia, played at the Conservato- to La Passioue, by Manzoni, for 4 voices,

rio, on the occasion of the arrival of Pius chorus, and orchestra Mass with grand or- ;
VI. in Venice. All his Church music and chestra Several other masses
; Cantatas, ;
operas remain in MS. Some of them are hymns, etc. Two collections of etudes for ;
DOW in the National Librai-y, Paris some pianoforte, op. 36 and 70 etc. His com-
; ;
in the Santini collection. His oratorios jjositions of all kinds number more than
:
were La fornace di Babilonia Debbora 150. Futis do., Su^jplement, i. 359 Men-
; ; ;
profetessa, and Moyses de Sinai reversus. del do., Ergilnz., 116.

;
Among music for haq^sichord is one sonata GA:\IBLE, JOHN, English violinist of
of great beauty, printed in Pauer's Alte the 17th century, pupil of Ambrose Bcyland.
Klaviermusik. Principal operas Penelojie, He was a cornet player in the Chapel Royal,
:
given in London, 1711 Scipione in Carta- and later one of the band of violins to
;
gine, ib., 1742 ; Enrico, Sirbace, ib., 1743 Charles H. Works

;
" Ajtcs and Dialogues :
H mondo della luna, Italy, 1750 H cava- to be sung to the Theorbo Lute or Bass
;
liere delle piume II mondo alia rovescia, Viol," words by Stanley (1657)
; and " Ajtcs ;
110
;
GAMBOGI
and Diiiloguefs for One, Two, and Three native city. Works Operas : Demetrio,
Voj'ces " (1G59). Grove; Buruey, Hist., iii. given at Modena, 1827 ; Zaira, ib., 1829 ;
461 ; Hawkins, Hist., iv. 63. Isabella di Lara, Maria di Bra- ib., 1830 ;
GAMBOGI, Padre FRANCESCO, born bante, ib., 1833 Adelaide di Borgogna, ib.,
;
at Camaiore, Duchy of Lucca, about 1713, 1841. Cantatas La fedelta, 1832 La fata,
:
;
died in 1781. He was maestro of music at 1842 n genio di Modena, 1857. Fetis,
;
tlie Seminary of S. Michele in Foro, and sub- Supplement, i. 361 Mendel, Ergiinz., 117 ;
;
sequently maestro di capjiella of the Colle- Riemann.

giate Church of Camaiore. His most im- GANDINI, Cavaliere ANTONIO, born in
portant work was the oratorio, Giuseppe Bologna, Aug. 20, 1786,- died in Modena,
riconosciuto. From 1748 to 1778 he wrote Sei^t. 10, 1842. Dramatic comjjoser, pupil
twenty services for four voices with instru- of Mattel, became ducal maestro di cappella
mental accompaniment. Fetis, Supple- at Modena. Works Ruggiero, Modena, :
ment, i, 360 Mendel, Ergilnz., 116.

; 1822 ; Erminia ed Antigone, ib., about
GAaiMERSFELDER, JOHANN, com- 1825. He wrote also several cantatas. Fe-
poser at Burghausen, UpiJer Bavaria, in the tis; Mendel, iv. 123 Erganz., 117. ;
16th century. He was one of the first to GANDOLFI, RICCARDO, born at Vo-
compose psalms for a single voice. His ghera, Piedmont, in 1839, still living, 1889.
work was called Der gantze Psalter Davids Dramatic comjôser, pupil in Najiles of
iu Gesangsweiss gestellt (Nuremberg, 1542). Carlo Conti, and in Florence of Mabellini.
Mendel Ft'tis Gerber.
; ; Works Aldina, given iu Milan, Teatro Ra-
:
GAMjMIERI, ERENNIO, born at Campo- degonda, 1863 II Paggio, Turin, Teatro

;
basso, March 11, 1836. Pupil at Naples Regio, 1805 II Coute di Moni-eal, Genoa,
;
Conservatorio of Busti and Carlo Conti. Teatro Carlo-Felice, 1872 Requiem with ;
Became maestro concertatore at the theatre grand orchestra, Florence, 1866 Symphony ;
of St. Petersburg in 1859. Works : Chat- for do., ib., 1869 Psalm, ib., 1872 II Bat-
; ;
1867
terton, opera, given at St. Petersburg, ;
tesimo di Santa Cecilia, ib., 1875 Elegie ;
L* assedio di Firenze, do., not performed ;

for violoncello, with quartet, harp, and har-
Much vocal music. Fetis, Supplement, i. monium, il). Solemn Mass, Chiavari, 1869
;
360. Pensieri ed Affetti, vocal album (Milan,

GAMUCCI, BALDASSARE, born in
Lucca). Fetis, Sujjplemeut, i. 361 Men- ;
Florence, Dec. Pupil of Carlo del, Ergilnz., 117.

14, 1822.
Fortini on the pianoforte and of Luigi Pic- GANDOLFO, operetta in one act, text
chianti iu composition. He founded in by Chivot and Duru, music by Charles
Florence in 1845 a choral society, Del Car- Lecocq, represented at the Bouffes Pari-
mine, which later became the Royal Music siens, Paris, Januar r, 18S9 The libretto is
Institute, of which he was director. Works : from a tale by Boccaccio.
Masses ; Requiem ; Cantatas ; Motets ;
GANSBACHER, JOHANN, born at Ster-
Psalms. He was the author also of an ele- zing in the Tyrol, May 8, 1778, died in
mentary work on music, and of "lutorno Vienna, July 13, 1844. Instructed by his
"
alia vita ed alle opere di Luigi Cherubini father in singing, pianoforte, organ, and
(1869). Mendel, Ergilnz., 117 Fetis, Sup- violin, he became a choir-boy first at Inns-
;
plement, i. 360 Riemanu. ; pruck, then at Halle. Entered Innsin-uck

GANDINI, Cavaliere ALESSANDRO, University iu 1795, but left iu 1796 to serve
born at Modena iu 1807, died there, Dec. as a soldier visited Vienna in 1801, and ;
17, 1871. Dramatic composer, son and pu- studied under Vogler and Albrechtsberger ;
pil of Antonio Gandini, whom he succeeded accompanied his patron. Count Firmian, to
as maestro di cappella at the court iu his Bohemia in 1804. He then travelled, and
.llT
;
GANZ
resided some time in Innspruck, and in 1810 pil of his father, of Stiastny, and in theory
visited Vogler iu Darmstadt, where be be- of G. Weber. He joined the Berlin court
came intimate witli his fellow-pupils Mey- band in 1827 made concert tours with his ;
erbeer and Weber, who addressed to him brother Leopold, visiting London in 1837,
a large part of their correspondence. He and again in 1856. Works Concertos for :
again entered the army in 1813, but was violoncello and orchestra Fantasias, duets, ;
appointed iu 1823 Kapellmeister to the trios, transcriijtions, songs, and other pieces.
Cathedral of St. Stephen, in Vienna, as suc- Allgem. d.

Biogr.; Mendel Fotis Grove.; ;
cessor of Preindl, and held the office until GARA, LA (The Competition), Itahan
his death. Works 27 graduals
: ; 17 masses ;
oj)eretta iu one act, test by Metastasio, mu-
4 Requiems ; Offertories, motets, hymns, sic by Georg Reutter, represented at the
psalms, and litanies ; Sonatas, variations, Imperial Court, Vienna, 1755, in honour of
and marches for pianoforte Orchestral sj'm- the Archduchess INIaria Antonia, afterwards
;
phony Music to Kotzebue's Die Ki-euzfah- Mai'ie Antoinette, Queen of France. Char-
;
rer Liederspiel, Des Dichters Geburtsfest

; acters represented Serenissima arcidu- :
Italian terzettos, vocal quartets, cantatas, chessa Dama prima Dama seconda. ; ;
songs, and other compositions, numbering GARAT, PIERRE JEAN, born at Us-
altogether 2 IC Mendel Wurzbach Fe- taritz, A25ril 25, 1764, died in Paris, JIarch
; ;
tis ; Grove. 1, 1823. Singer and comijoser, pupil in

GANZ, ADOLF, born in Mainz, Oct. 14, Bayonne of Lamberti, and in Bordeaux of
1790, died in London, Nov. 11, 1SG9. Vio- Francois Beck. Sent to Paris to finish the
linist, pupil of Sebastian Hollbuseh. He study of law, when the struggle between the
became conductor at Mainz in 1819, Ka- Gluckists and Piccinnists was at its height,
pellmeister to the Grand Duke of Hesse he became drawn into it, and determined to
Darmstadt in 1825, and in 1845 musical make music his profession. After a strug-
director of aGerman opera company in gle with poverty", the Comte d'Artois made
London. Works Melodrama ISIarches him his private secretary, and ])resented
: ; ;
Overtures Songs. Eduard Ganz, his son him to Marie Antoinette, whose musical
;
(1827-G7), was a pianist, pupil of Thalberg. favourite he became from 1785 to 1789. At
Wilhelm, another son (born, 1833), is a jîa- the time of the Revolution he went with
^
nist and organist in London. He has pub- Hamburg, but returned to Havre
Rode to
lished pianoforte music and songs. Allgem. and sang at the Feydeau concerts
in 1794,
d. Biogr., viii. 36G Fi'tis IMendel.
; ; in 1795, where his success was overwhelm-
GANZ, LEOPOLD, born in Mainz, Nov. ing. He possessed a voice of wonderful
28, 1810, died in Berl-n, June 15, 18G9. compass, including both baritone and tenor
Violinist, pupil of hijr^'father and of his registers, and sang all styles of music
brother Adolf Ganz, and of Biirwolf. He well. Until he lost his voice, at the age of
made concert tours with his brother Moritz, fifty, he was the most popular singer in
became a member of the Berlin coui-t band Europe. He was made professor of sing-
in 1827, and received in 1836 the title, and ing at the Conservatoire, at the time of its
in 1840 the place, of Conzertmeister. His institvition, about 1795, and had many cele-
reputation is due chiefly to his jilaying with brated pupils. He was the author of several
his brother. Works: Duos for violin and popular romances Belisaire, Je t'aime tant, :
violoncello, published with his brother. Le menestrel exile, Firmin et son chien, etc.,
Allgem. d. Biogr.; Mendel Fetis Grove. which owed their celebrity chiefly to his
; ;
GANZ, MORITZ, born in Mainz, Sept. stj'le of singing them. Fetis Larousse. ;
10, 180G, died in Berlin, Jan. 22, 1868. GARAUD15, ALEXIS DE, born in Nancy,
Violoncellist, brother of the preceding, pu- March 21, 1779, died in Paris, March 23,
lis
GARCIA
1852. Pupil of Cambini and Eeicha, and his own and in several Italian operas. Iu
influenced by Crescentiui and Garat sang 1817 he went to England, and sang there
;
in the Imperial and Royal Chapel of Paris very successfull}', returning in 1819 to
in 1808-30 and professor of singing and Paris, where he remained until 1823,
;
harmony bringing out many works of his own,

in the Conservatoire in 181G-il.
Works Sonatas for pianoforte, and other besides singing in all the well-known Ital-
:
chamber music Songs and duets Music ian operas. He returned to London as first
; ;
for violin, violoncello, and other instruments. tenor of the King's Theatre in 1823 and
He was the author also of Muthode du chant founded there a school for singing, which
(1800), and other didactic works. His son, became famous. In 1823-25 he alternated
Alexis Albert Gauthier Garaudo (1821-54), between Paris and London, producing op-
was accompanist at the Opora Comique and eras in both cities and devoting much of
published i)iauoforte music. Fotis Men- ; his time to teaching. In 1825 his daughter
del. Maria, afterwards the celebrated Mme Mali-
GAECIA, Don FRANCISCO SAVERIO, bran de Bi'riot, made her debut iu London,
surnamed Lo Sjjagnoletto, born at Nalda, and he set about the realization of a project
Spain, in 1731, died at Saragossa, Feb. 26, he had formed of establishing Italian oj)-
1809. Church comjioser, first studied in era iu New York. Taking with him a com-
Spain, then in Rome, where he lived as pany consisting of himself and the younger
vocal teacher until 175(5, when he became Crivelli, tenors his son, Manuel Garcia, ;
maestro de capilla of the cathedral at Sara- and Angrisani, bassi cantanti Rosich, buflib ;
gossa. He greatly influenced church music caricato Mme Barbieri and Mme Garcia, ;
in Spain, banishing the then prevailing soprani and Maria Garcia (Mahbran), con-
;
fugued style. His numerous compositions, tralto, he made his first appearance before
consisting of masses, and motets for all the an American audience at the Park Theatre,
feasts of the year, are written almost ex- New York, Nov. 29, 1825, in II Barbiere.
clusively for eight voices in two choruses. Between this and Sept. 30, 182G, the date
Fetis ; Riemann. of his last performance, he gave seventy-
GARCIA, MANUEL DEL-POPOLO- nine representations, partly at the Park and
VICENTE, born in Seville, Spain, Jan. 22, partly at the Bowery Theatre, including
1775, died in Paris, June Dra- Otello, Romeo e Giulietta, II Turco in Italia,
2, 1832.
matic composer, chorister of the cathedral Semiramide, Don Giovanni, Taucredi, La
at Seville at the age of six, pupil of Don Cenerentola, and two of his own operas,
Antonio Eipa and Juan Almarcha. "When L' amante astuto and La figlia dell' aria.
seventeen he was well known as a singer, In 1827 he went to Mexico, brought out
composer, and orchestra conductor. After eight operas there with success, and after
making a reputation at home and produc- a stay of eighteen months set out on his
ing several operas, he made his debut in return, but was robbed by brigands near
Italian opera at the Opera Bouife, Paris, in Vera Cruz of all his earnings. He returned
1808 ; brouglit out and sang in his Spanish to Paris, appeared again in ojiera, but de-
operas in 1809, and was rapturously re- voted himself mainly to teaching until his
ceived in them, this style of music being death. His princif)al pupils, besides his
new to Paris. In 1811 he went to Italy, daughters Mme Malibrau
and Pauline (Mme
and sang in Turin, Naples, and Rome and ; Viardot), were Jlmes Rimbault, Ruiz-Gar-
:
in 1812 he was appointed first tenor in cia, Meric-Lalaude, Favelli, and Countess
Murat's chapel. About the end of 1816 he Merlin Adolphe Nourrit, Geraldy, and his
;
went to England, and thence to Paris, made son Manuel Garcia. AVorks Sjaanish op-
his debut at the Theatre Italien, singing iu eras : El preso por amor, given at Malaga,
119
'
,
GARCIA
1803 El posadero, Madrid Qnicu poifia written various compositions for his instru-
; ;
muclio alcanza, El poeta calculista, ib., ment. Fetis, Supplement, i. 363.

1805 El reloj do Madera El criado fin-
;
GARDEZ-VOUS DE LA JALOUSIE.
;
gido, El cautiverio apareute, Los ripios del See Euphrosine et Coradin.

maestro Adan, El hablador, Florinda, ib., GAEDI, FRANCESCO, born in Italy
about 1805 Abufar, Semiramis, Acendi, about the middle of the 18th century,
;
El gitano por amor, Los maridos solteros, died (?). Dramatic comjsoser, known by
Xaira, Mexico, 1828. Italian operas : II the following operas : L' incautesimo senza
Califo di Bagdad, Naples, 1812 ; La selva magia, 1784 La muta per amore, La donna
;
nera, ballet, Milan ; II fazzoletto, Paris,

|
ve la fa, 1785 La bella Lauretta, 1786
; ;
1823 Astuzie e prudeuza, Loudon, 1825

;
Euea nel Lazio, Modena, 1786 Un buco ; ;
L' amante astuto, La figlia dell' aria, H lupo nella porta, 1787 H convito di pietra, ossia ;
d' Ostenda, I bauditi, La buoua famiglia, il Don Giovanni, Venice, 1787 L' Ameri- ;
Don Chisciotte, La 1788 La fata capricciosa, Venice,

gioventii d' Enrico V.,
|
cana, ;
Le tre sultane. New York, 1827 ITu' ora di 1789 Teodolinda, ib., 1790 La bottega
; ; ;
matrimouio, Zemira e Azor, Mexico, 1827. di caffe, 1790 II nuovo convitato di pietra, ;
French Operas Le prince d'occasion, Paris, Bologna, 1791. His oratorio Abrahami sac-
:
Opc'ra Comique, 1817; La mort du Tasse, rificium passed for his finest work, and ob-
ib.,Opura, 1821 Elorestau, ib., 1822 La tained great success at the close of the 18th
; ;
meuniere, ib., Gymnase Drainatique, 1823 century. Fetis Mendel. ;

;
Les deux Opura Comique,

coutrats, GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE, contempo-
ib.,
1824.Fetis Grove Mendel Eitter, Mu- rary. Flutist, born in Italy, and lived in
; ; ;
sic in America, 18G Schilling, Supplement. France, where he published a large immber
;
GARCLV, MARIANO, bom at Aoiz, Na- of compositions for his instrument, and
varre, July 26, 1809, wrote the operas-comiques Au clair de la
still hving, 1889. :
Church composer, lune and La jeunesse de Hoche, both given

at first choir-boy in the
Cathedral of Pampeluua, where he was in- at Versailles, September, 1872, and the oper-
structed by Mateo Gimenez, then studied etta, Lc reve d'un ecolier, given at a concert,
the violin and, under Jose Guelbenzu, har- 1868. Fetis, Supijle'ment, i. 363 Mendel, ;
mony and composition. Within a few yeai-s Ergiinz., 118.

after, he was made professor in the chajiel GARNIER, FRANCOIS JOSEPH, born
of the cathedral, and later on became di- at Lauris (Vaucluse) in 1759, died there iu
rector of the school of music in his native 1825. Virtuoso on the oboe, pupil of Sal-
town. He has written a great number of leutiu ; in 1778 he became second, and in
sacred compositions, distinguished for clear- 1786 first, oboist in the orchestra of the
ness and elegance of ideas, facility of execu- OjJera, Paris, and from 1783 was a mem-
tion, and pure taste. Fetis, Sujîjlement, i. ber of the king's chamber music. At the
363. outbreak of the Revolution he lost these
GARCIN, JULES AUGUSTE SALO- positions, but secured au ajipointment as
MON, called, commissaire ordonuateur in the Army of the
born at Bourges, July 11,
1830. Rhine at Frankfort he appeared with great
Violinist, pupil at the Conservatoire, ;
Paris, of Clavel and of Alard on the vioUn, success in a concert given by Kreutzer ;
of Bazin in harmony, and of Adam in com- afterwards attached to an army corps in

position took the 2d prize for \'iolin in Italy, he visited Rome and Najjles, and on
;
1851 and the first in 1853 became a mem- leaving the army retired to his native vil-
;
ber of the Opera orchestra, of which he is lage. He published concertos, and duos
now 3d chef d'orchestre and first solo vio- for his instrument, duos for oboe and vio-
lin. Besides a concertino for viola, he has lin, trios for oboe, flute, and bassoon, and a
l-JO
GARRETT
method for oboe. His brother Joseph, and in Salblinger's collection of 1545. Bai-
called Garnier the younger, was oboist, and ni mentions his masses, written ou French
afterwards flutist, iu the orchestra of the chansons, as preserved in the archives of
Opera, 1789-1814, and composed a concerto the Pontifical Chapel. Under the name of
and bassoon,
for flute, trios for flute, horn, Gascoug his masses in MS. are found in
duos for and etudes and a method for
flute, the royal library at Munich others are in
;
flute.
Fetis Mendel Riemann.; ; the pulilic library at Cambrai among the
GAEEETT, GEOEGE MUESELL, born MSS. of the 16th century. Fetis ; Mendel.
in Winchester, Eng- GASPAR VAN WERBECKE (Weerbeke),
land, June 8, 1834, born Audenarde, Flanders, about 1440,
in
still living, 1889. Or- died after 1509. He was singing master to
ganist, ijupil of S. S. the house of Sforza in Milan until 1490,
Wesley, whose assist- when he returned to his native town.
ant at the organ he Works Misser (sic) Gaspar, 5 masses (pub-
:
was iu 1851-54 then ; lished by Petrucci, Venice, 1509) 3 parts ;
organist successively of masses in Fragmenta missarum (ib.,

of Madras Cathedral, 1509) a mass in Missarum diversorum auc-
;
1854-56, St. John's torum liber primus (1508) Sevei'al motets ;
College, Cambridge, and lamentations in Petrucci's diflerent col-

18G7 ; Mus. Bac, Cam-
University, 1873. lections ; Manuscript masses in library of
bridge, 1857 Mus. Doc. ib., 18G7 univer-
; ; Pontifical Chapel. Fetis ; Eiemann ; Am-
sity lecturer, 1883 examiner in music for
; bros, iii. 246.
University of Cambridge. Works The Shu- : GASPAEI, GAETANO, born in Bologna,
namite, oratorio, 1882 The Deliverance of ; March 14, 1807, died there, March 31, 1881.
St. Peter, sacred cantata ; The Triumph of Church composer, p)upil of Benedetto Do-
Love, secular cantata ; Church services ;
nelli at the Lyceo, where he won several
Anthems, part-songs, and songs. important prizes. He became maestro di
GAETH, JOHN, English composer of cappella of the church at Cento in 1828,
the last half of the 18th century. He and of the cathedral at Imola in 1836-39,
probably lived in London as an organist. when he was called to assist Donelli at the
Works 6 sonatas for harpsichord, two vio-
: Lyceo in Bologna. He became librarian of
lins, and violoncello (17G8) 6 organ volun- ; the musical library of the Lyceo in 1856,
taries 30 collects set to music. He pub-
; and maestro of S. Petrouio in 1857. A
lished, also: "The First Fifty Psalms, set clever contrapuntist, he wrote church com-
to music by Benedetto Marcello " (Loudon, positions, chiefly Miserere and masses. He
8 1757). Mendel.
vols., published, also ]\Iemorie risguardanti la :
G.ARTNEE, JOHANN, born ou the storia dell' arte musicals in Bologna al xvi
Petersberg, near Fulda, in 1740, died in secolo. Fetis, iii. 413 do., Supplement, i. ;
Fulda in 1789. Flutist, pupil in Mannheim 364 Mendel Eiemann. ; ;
of Wendling travelled over Germany, and

; GASPAEINI (Guasparini), FRANCES-
then settled down as first flute of the court CO, born at Camajore, near Lucca, March
chapel of the abbot Prince of Fulda, who 5, 1668, died iu Eome, April, 1727. Dra-
had been his patron. Wôrks Operettas matic comjjoser, pupil in Eome of Corelli
:
;
Flute solos Cantatas. ; Mendel Fetis.

and Pasquini. He was maestro di coro at
;
G.A.SCOGNE (Gascongne, Gaseoine, Gas- the Ospedale della Pieta, Venice, and mem-
cong), MATHIEU, French composer of the ber of the Accademia Filarmonica. In 1725
beginning of the 16th century. His motets he was elected maestro by the chapter of S.
are found in Attaignant's collection of 1534, Giovanni iu Laterano, Rome, with Girolamo
121
; ;
GAsrARmi
Cbiti as bis coadjutor, but ill-bealtb com- amici, ib., 1721. Fc'tis ; Burney, Hist., iv.
pelled bim soou ou balf-pay.

after to retire 526 ; Mendel.
He wrote equally well for tbe stage and GASPARINI, QUIEINO, maestro di cap-
tbe cbureb, but tbe work by wbicb be is pella to tbe Iving of Sardinia, Turin, in
best remembered is bis treatise ou accom- 1749-70. He was a virtuoso violoncellist
paniment entitled, " L' armonico prattico and composed motets, a Stabat Mater, and
al cembalo," etc. (Venice, 1G83 7tb ed., ; trios for two violins and violoncello, which
1802), wbicb bas maintained its position last were published in London. Fetis;
in Italy, even since tbe appearance of tbe Mendel.
clearer and better-arranged treatise by GASSE, FERDINAND, born in Naples,
Feuaroli. Works imperatore March, 1788, died (?). Violinist and dra-
: Tiberio,
d' Oriente, given in Venice, Teatro Saut' Au- matic composer pupil at tbe Paris Con- ;
giolo, 1702 Amor della patria, Imenei servatoire of Kreiitzer, Catel, and Gossec.
;
stabiliti dal caso, II priucipe tra i vassali, He won the 1st violin prize in 1801 ; tbe
Rome, 1703 ; II miglior d' ogni amore per 2d grand prix in 1801, and tbe grand pri.x:
il peggior d' ogni odio, Venice, Teatro San de Rome in 1805. He was violinist in tbe
Cassiano, 1703 ; Fedc tradita e vendicata. orchestra of tbe Opera, Paris, in 1812-35.
La mascbera levata al vizio, opera
Rome, 1704 ;
Works Operas : La linta Ziugara,
Amleto, Antioco, Fredegouda, 1812 Le voyage
ib., 1705 buifa, given at Naples, ;
II principato custodito dalla fraude, Statira, incognito, Paris, Opera Comique, 1819
Venice, Teatro San Cassiano, 1705 Jaicou, L' idiote, ib., 1820 Une unit de Gustave; ;
re della China, Rome, 1706 Amor gene- Wasa, ib., 1825 Te Deum for two cbo-
; ;
roso, Anfitrioue, ib., 1707 Flavio Anicio i-uses Cbriste eleison, fugue for six voices
; ; ;
Olibrio, ib., 1708 L' Alcide, o violenza d' Three duos for violins, op. 1
; Duos faciles, ;
amore, Engelberta, ib., 1709 Laprincipessa 2d and 3d book 3 grand duos coiicertants
; ; ;
fedele, Sesostri, re d' Egitto, Tamerlano, 3 duos faciles 3 sonatas for violin and vio- ;
La ninfa Apollo, Venice, Teatro San Cas- loncello.- Fetis Mendel. ;
siano, 1710 Costautiuo, La pazzia amo-

; GASSMANN, FLORLVN LEOPOLD,
rosa, ib., 1711 Mcrope, ib., 1712
; La ve- born at Briix, Bohemia, May 4, 1723, died ;
rita neir iugauuo, ib., 1713 Bajazette, ib., in Vienna, Jan. 21, 1774.
;
Dramatic com-
1711) ; II Pirro, H
Rome, poser, ran away from home when
trace in catena, thirteen
1717 ; 1719 11 years old, and, supporting himself
Lucio Vero, Astianatte, ib., ;
by play-
Faramoudo, Amore e Maestu, ib., 1720 La ing the harp, worked bis way to ;
Bologna
Zoe, ovvero il comandononinteso, ib., 1721 and became the pupil of Padre ;
Martini,
Gli equivoci d' amore e d' iunocenza, La who established bim as organist of a church
fede in cimento, Venice, 1730 Mose liber- in Venice. He entered the service of Count
;
ate dal Nilo, oratorio. Fetis

Grove Men- Leonardo Veneri, and soon began to attract
; ;
del Riemann
; Scbilling. ; attention by bis comijositions. In 1762 the
GASPARINI, MICHELE ANGELO, born Emperor Francis I. called him to Vienna
at Lucca, died in Venice in 1732. Dra- as composer for the theatre, and Jose^jb II.
matic composer and contralto singer, pujjil subsequently ajipointed him Hoflcapellmeis-
of Lotti. He founded in Venice a cele- ter and librarian of the imperial musical
brated school of singing, where many well- library. He founded the Society for tbe
known singers were formed, among otbers widows and orphans of Vienna musicians,
Faustina Bordoni. Works Operas
II which in 1862 was reorganized under the :
principe selvaggio, given in Venice, 1695 name of Haydn Society. His most distin- ;
II Rodomonte, ib., 171-t; Ai'sace, ib., 1715 guished pupil was Salicri.
; He composed a ;
Lamano, ib., 1719 II piii fedel tra gli great deal of church music, which Mozart
;

GASSNER
tliouglit more of than of his operas, among Songs and male choruses. Allgem. d.
which are A Mass, for chorus and orches-
: Biogr., 40G Fetis
viii. Mendel Weech, ; ; ;
tra, and a very fine Dies irpe Psalms, hymns, ; Badische Biogr., i. 277 Wurzbach. ;
offertories, and an oratorio, Betulia liberata, GASTINEL, LEON GUST AVE CY-
which had a briUiant success. Works PRIEN, born at Villers - les - Pots (Cote
Operas Slerope, given in Italy, about 1759
:
;
d'Or), France, Aug. 15, 182.3, still living,
Issipile, ib., ab. 17G0 Catone in Utica, ib.,;
1889.Dramatic composer, pupil of Halevy,
ab. 17G1 Ezio (two different settings), ib.,
; won in 18J:G the grand prix de Rome for
ab. 17G1 Olimpiade, Vienna, 17G4
; II ; his cantata Velasquez. Several of his ope-
mondo nella luna, Venice, 1765 II trion- ; ras-comiques have been successful. Works
fo d' Amore, ib., 17G7 Gli uccellatori, Vi- ; Operas : Le miroir, given in Paris, Jan.
enna, rewritten for Venice, 17G8 II filosofo ; 19, 1853 ; L'opera aux fenetres, 1857 ;
innamorato, ib., 17G8 do. (new music, Vi- ; Titus et Berenice, 18G0Le buisson vert, ;
enna, 1771) Un pazzo ne f;i cento, ib.,

; 18G1 Bianca Capello La Kermesse Les
; ; ;
17G9 ;I viaggiatori ridicoli, Vienna, 17G9 ;

dames des pres La tulips bleue Le roi
; ;
L' Amor artigiano, ib., 17G9, Milan, 1770 ;

barde (the last five unrepresented). Orato-
La pescatrice, Vienna, 1771 I rovinati, ; rios : Le dernier jour, 1853 Les sept pa- ;
La casa di campagna, Amore e Venere, ib., roles ; Saiil La fee des eaux Mexico, can-
; ;
1772. Two German operas Die jiiuge Gri'i- : tata, 18G3 3 grand masses 3 symphonies
; ; ;
fin, Berlin, about 17G9 Die Liebe unter ; Concerto for two violins with orchestra 2 ;
den Handwerlisleuten. Instrumental mu- overtures Chamber music Songs. Fetis

; ; ;
sic : Symphonies for orchestra G quartets ;

do.. Supplement, i. 3G5 Mendel. ;
for flute, viola, and bass G quintets for 2 ; GASTOLDI, GIOVANNI GLICOMO,
violins, 2 violas, and bass G quartets for 2 ; about the middle born at Caravaggio, Italy,
violins, viola, and violoncello (Amsterdam). of the IGth centurj', died after 159G. Maes-
Fetis Grove Mendel Schilling Wurz-
; ; tro di cappella in Mantua, and in 1592 in
; ;
bach. Milan. His Balletti da suonare, cantare e

GASSNER, FERDINAND SIMON, born ballare are said to have served Morley as
in Vienna, Jan. G, 179S, died in Carlsruhe, models for his Ballets or Fa-las. Two of
Feb. 25, 1851. Violinist, went early to tliem are well known to English amateurs :
Carlsruhe, where he studied the violin while Maiden fair, of Mantua city, and. Soldiers,
attending the gymnasium entered the brave and gallant be. He was a prolific
;
court orchestra, and in ISIG became violinist writer of canzonets and madrigals. Thei'e
of the new Nationaltlieatcr in Mainz and were published five or more books of his
soon after Correpetitor and vice music di- madrigals for five, six, eight, and nine
rector, being influenced by Gottfried Weber. voices, 8 books of canzonets for three, four,
In 1818 he was university music director in and five voices, besides books of masses,
Giessen, received in 1819 the degree of doc- psalms, vespers, etc., published in Venice,
tor, and authority to lecture on music re- Mantua, Milan, and Antwerp, between 1581 ;
turned to the Carlsruhe orchestra in 182G, and IGll. He was one of the composers
and was and music who dedicated a collection of psalms for
later singing teacher
director of the court theatre there. Com- five voices to Palestrina in 1592 (Martini).
posed operas, ballets, cantatas, and other His madrigals are found in a collection j)ub-
music, edited musical journals, and wrote lished at Antwerp by Andre Peveruage in
several books. Works Der Scliifflsrueh, 1593 with the title, Harmonie celesti di di-
:
opera Das Stiindchen, do. Die Jliiller, versi excel, mus. They are also in the col-
; ;
ballet Several other ballets

; Die Aufer- lection Trionfo di Dori (Venice, 1596) in
; ;
weckung des Junglings von Nain, cantata IMadrigali a otto voci (Phalesius, Antwerp, ;
12.3
;
GASTEITZ
1596) ; and in many other collections of that cenza, 1784 La Nitteti, Lucca, 1786
;
time. Fetis ; Grove, Mendel ; Kiemann. Demofoonte, Mantua, 1787. The Death of
GASTEITZ (Castritz, Castricius, Castri- Abel, oratorio, 1788 Church music in MS.
;
tius), ]\L\TTHTAS, German eomj)Oser of Fetis Mendel.

;
the IGth century. He was organist in Am- GATTI, SIMONE, born in Venice about
berg, Upper Palatinate, about 1571 wrote ; the middle of the 16th century, died (?).
Latin and German songs, and particularly Composer of several religious dramas or
the melody to Herzlich lieb hab' ich dich, o mysteries written for the Duke Albert of
Herr. He is sometimes called erroneously Bavaria, in whose chapel he was musician,
Iilichael Gastritz.
Allgem. d. Biogr. Mo- after serving in the same capacity in that of
;
natshefte fiir Musik-Geschichte, v. 123 vi. the Archduke Charles of Austria.

; Fetis ;
26 Mendel.
;
Mendel.
GATAYES, FLIX, born in Paris, 1809, GATTI, TEOB.ALDO DI, born in Flor-
still living, 1889 (?). Pianist, self-taught, ence about 1650, died in Paris, 1727. Dra-
afterwards received a few lessons from matic composer. He heard Lulli's music
Liszt he improvised with rare facility, and in Italy and went to Pai-is to join him,
;
won great applause on his concert tours, served in his orchestra at the Opera, and re-
which led him for twenty years through mained there fifty years. Works Coronis, :
Europe, Ameiica, and Australia. His sym- pastorale, given in Paris, Opera, 1691 ;
phonies and overtures for orchestra are es- Sylla, ojiera, ib., 1701 Twelve Italian arias ;
teemed by critics. For jjccuniary reasons (Paris, 1696).Fetis Hawkins, Hist., v. ;
he devoted himself later to compositions for 45 Mendel Schilling. ; ;
military band. Fetis. GATTY, ALFRED SCOTT, born at Ec-

GATAYES, GLTLLAUME PIERRE AN- clesfield, England, April 25, 1847, still liv-
TOINE, born in Paris, Dec. 20, 1774, died ing, 1889. Vocal composer, studied at
there, October, 1846. An illegitimate son Marlborough and Christ's College, Cam-
of the Prince de Conti and the Marquise bridge. Appointed, 1880, Rouge Dragon,
de Silly, he ran away from the theological Pursuivant of Arms, Heralds' College,
seminary where he had been placed and was London. Works Sandford and Merton's :
befriended at the time of the Revolution by Christmas Party, operetta, 1880 Songs ; ;
Marat, who was attracted by his singing and Pianoforte music.

guitar playing. His romances, especially GAUCQUIER (du Gaucquier, Nuceus),
Mon delire, which was sung throughout ALARD DUNOYER, born at Lille, Flan-
France, soon won him popularity and he ders, first half of the 16th centurj'. He was
became noted as a guitar and harp virtuoso. tenor in 1564, and second maitre de chapelle,
His guitar method (1790) was for a long in 1567-76, to the Archdukes of Austria
time the only one used in France. He pub- Ferdinand I., Maximilian H., and Matthias.
lished trios for guitar, flute, and violin Works Magnificat, 4-6 voc. (1547) Qua-
;
:
;
duos for two guitars, for guitar and piano- tuor missse 5, 6 et 8 vocum (Antwerp, 1581).
forte, for guitar and violin or flute, and for
Fetis Van der Straeten, iii. 150 v. 103; ; ;
harp and horn and solos for guitar and for Mendel Ambros, iii. 325.
; ;
harp. His son, Joseph Leon Gataj-es (1805- GAUDE, THEODOR, born at Wesel-on-
1877), was a harp virtuoso and composer. the-Ehine, June 3, 1782, died (?). He fin-
Fetis Mendel Larousse Riemann.
; ; ished his musical education in Paris, where
;
GATTI, Abbate LUIGI, born in Mantua, he made a reputation as a guitar virtuoso

Italy, about 1750, died('?). Dramatic com- and teacher. In 1814 he started on a con-
poser maestro di cappeUa at Salzburg in cert tour for St. Petersburg, but was taken
;
1790. Works Operas L' Olimpiade, Pia- sick in Hamburg, and on recovering settled
:
GAUDEAMUS
there as a teacher of his instrument, for negresse, 1801 Le petit Poucet, ou I'or- ;
which he composed and pubUshed about phelin de la forct Josejih. Fotis, Supple- ;
80 works. Mendel SchilHng do., Sup- ment, i. 367
; Mendel, Ergilnz., 119.
; ;
plement, 162. GAULTIEE, DENIS, born at Marseilles

GAUDEAMUS IGITUE, Humoreske for between 1600 and 1010, died in Paris be-
orchestra, soli, and chorus, by Franz Liszt, fore or in 1664 Celebrated virtuoso on
op. 10. Published, score and parts also the lute, went early in life to Paris, where
;
for iîanoforte (2 and -i hands), Schuberth. he studied law, and about 1637 was already
GAUL, ALFKED (EOBEET), born in famous as a lute player. In 1647-48 he es-
Norwich, England, tablished, with his cousin Jacques Gaultier,
April 30, 1837, 'still liv- the Paris school of the lute, where they con-
ing, 1888. He was a jointly formed many pupils. In 1056 he
cathedral boy at Nor- became lieutenant-general of the bailiwick
wich, from nine until at Clermont, and after 1660 lived again in
fifteen years old, when Paris. He was equally great as a virtuoso
he was articled to Dr. and composer, and looked upon by his con-
Zachariah Buck, or- temporaries as the most distinguished rep-
ganist of the cathedral. lesentative of lute music in general. Of his
In 1851-59 he was or- compositions two j)rinted collections are
ganist at Fakenham, Norfolk, and in the preserved Pieces de luth (1660), and Livre :
latter year he became organist of St. Augus- de tablature, besides the Codex Hamilton,
tine's, Edgebaston, Birmingham, a jiosition containing La rhetorique des dieux, a col-
he still holds. He is also teacher of harmony lection of 62 pieces in manuscript (1650-

and counterpoint at the Midland Institute 55 '?), now in the cabinet of engravings at
and conductor of the Sunday School Union the Berlin Museum. Vierteljahrsschrift fiir
Choral Society, Birmingham. Mus. Bac, Musikwissenschaft, ii. (1886) 1-180.
Cambridge, 18G2. Works Hezekiah, ora- GAULTIEE, JACQUES (Gautier le
:
torio, 18G0 1st Psalm, cantata 9Gth Psalm, vieux?), called Gautier d'Angleterre, born
; ;
for solo voices and 8-part chorus Kuth, (at Lyons ?) about 1600, died in Paris be-
;
cantata, 1881 The Holy City, do., Bir- fore 1671. Virtuoso on the lute, pupil of
;
mingham Festival, 1882 Passion Service, Mesangeau was royal lutist in London,
; ;
do. Joan of Arc, historical cantata, text 1017-47, had won reputation in 1622, and
;
by Frederick Enoch, Birmingham Festival, settled in Paris, 1647, where he formed

1887 Offertory Sentences
; Anthems many pupils of note, with his cousin Denis
; ;
Glees Songs and part-songs.

; His Holy Gaultier. He is probably identical with
Citj' is often sung in the United States his Gautier le vieux, Sieur de Neiie, of Lyons.
;
Passion Service was sung for the first time Some of his compositions are preserved in
in America at Chickering Hall, New York, the Codex Milleran in the library of the
Dec. 15, 1885 and his Euth, ib., Feb. 14, Conservatoire, Paris.
; Vierteljahrsschrift
1887. fiir Musikwissenschaft, ii. 2-11.
GAULTTEE , French dramatic com- GAULTIEE, PIEEEE, born at La Ciotat,
poser in the last part of the 18th century. Provence, in 1642, died in the harbor of
He wrote the following operas for the The- Cette in 1697. Dramatic composer in the
atre des Jeunes Pheuix, ou
Artistes, Paris : style of LuUi, of whom he bought, in 1685,
I'ile des 1796 Zephyr et Flore, ou
vieilles, ; for Marseilles, his patent to give operas,
rose d' Amour, 1797 Le dodit, 1798 Le ; ; and brought out with great success his
nid d'Amours, 1798 Vert- Vert, ou le per-
; opera Le triomphe de la paix, March 22,
roquet de Nevers, 1800 Frosiue, ou la ; 1687. He then played with his company
125
;
GAUNTLETT
alternately at Marseilles, Montpellicr, ami servatoire, Paris ; won the 1st violin prize
Lyons, and on embarking in 1097 for Mar- in 1838) and the 2d grand prix in 1842.
seilles was shipwrecked and lost with his He became in 1848 second chef d'orchestre
entire troupe. He published also a collec- at the Lyrique, in 1864 chef de chant at the
tion of duos and trios for violin and flute, Theatre Italien, and in the same year pro-
and left other instrumental music in MS. fessor of harmony at the Conservatoire for
Vierteljahrsschrift f. Musikwissenschaft, the female classes and afterwards of the class
ii. 28. in musical history. He was also for several
GAUNTLETT, HENRY JOHN, born at years maitre de chapelle of the Church of
Wellington, Shropshire, England, in 1806, Saint-Eugi'ue, Paris. Works Operas L'an- :
died in London, Feb. 11, 1876. Organist, neau de Marie, given at Versailles, 1845 ;
studied law and music practised law in Les baiTicades (with Pilati), Paris, 1848
; ;
1831-42 organist in 1827-47 of St. Olave's, Le marin de la garde, ib., 1849 Murdock
; ;
Southwark, and afterwards of several other le bandit, ib., 1851 Flore et Zophire, ;
churches. Mus. Doc, Lambeth, 1842. In Choisy le Roi, ib., 1852 Schahabaham H., ;
1846 he was chosen by Mendelssohn to play ib., 1854 Le mariage extravagant, ib., ;
the organ part in Elijah, on its jiroduction 1857 Le docteur Mirobolan, ib., 1860; La ;
at Birmingham. Works Hymns for Mat- bacchante, Jocrisse, ib., 1802 Le trc'sor de
: ;
ins and Evensong (1844) Church Hymnal Pierrot, ib., 1864 La clef d'or La mort
; ; ;
and Tune Book, with W. J. Blew (1844-51) de Josus, oratorio Lo 15 aoftt, cantata, ;
Cantus melodici (1845) The Congrega- 1801 Ave Maria, 1848. Fetis; do., Sup-
; ;
tional Psalmist, with Dr. Allon (1851) lik'raent, i. 368 Mendel do., Ergiinz, 120
; : ;
;
Hymns and Glorias Tunes new and old Riemann.

;
(1868) Anthems Songs and glees

; ; Organ GAVEAUX, PIERRE, born at Beziers
;
music.
Grove Mendel, Ergiinz., 110.
; (Herault), France, August, 1761, died in the
G.\USSOIN, AUGUSTS LOUIS, born in hospital for insane atCharenton (Paris), Feb.
Brussels, July 4, 1814, died there, Jan. 11, 5, 1825. At the age of six he became choir-
1846. Composer, professor at the Brus- boy at the cathedral in his native town. He
sels Conservatoire. Pnpil of Masset, Snel, was destined for the church, and studied
Hanssens, and Ft'tis. In 1837 he insti- Latin and philosophj-. In 1778 ho purposed
tuted people's concerts in Brussels, and free going to Najjles to complete his musical
choral schools for workmen. Works Ser- studies, but was prevented by the Bishop
:
enade for orchestra Le poMe mourant, of Beziers offering him a benefice. On the
;
cantata La mort du contrebandier, do. death of this prelate, however, he accepted

; ;
Overture for grand orchestra La chute the position of first tenor at the Church of
;
des feuilles, elogie Album lyrique Album Saint-Severin at Bordeaux, where he also
; ;

de chant. Fetis, Sujiplement, i. 307 Men- studied composition under F. Beck. After
;
del, Ergiinz., 119. the successful production of several compo-

GAUTIER (Gautier le vieux, or I'aneien), sitions, he determined to make music his
DENIS, Sieur de Neiie, born about 1620, vocation so he quitted the cloth, and en- ;
died in 1678-80. Lutist at the French tered the company at the Bordeaux theatre
court ;
published a Livre de tablature de as tenor. In 1788 he went to Montpellier,
pieces de luth sur ditferents modes (Paris, and in 1789 to Paris, where he was made
1664), and other music. Ft'tis Mendel. leading tenor at the Theatre de Monsieur,
;
GAUTIER, JEAN FRAN^'OIS EUGENE, which was then at the Tuileries. When the
born at Vaugirard, near Paris, Feb. 27, Feydeau was opened, on Jan. 6, 1791, this
1822, died there, April 3, 1878. Violinist, company was joined with the Italian troupe
pupil of Habeneck and Halevy at the Con- of the foire Saint-Germain, and from that
GAVINIES
time Gaveaux never sang at any other thea- Violinist, considered in France the founder I
tre. In 1801 the companies of the The:'itre of the French school mostly self-taught, ;
Favart and the Feydeau were united, and forming his style chiefly after that of the
Gaveaux was made a member of the new great Italian violinists. He made his debut
combination, but no longer as first tenor. in 1741, at one of the Concerts Spirituels,
His compositions, too, began to atti-act less and after that resided chiefly in Paris,
attention than formerly, and his singing where he soon won the reputation of being-
could not vie with that of Elleviou and one of the greatest violinists of his age.
Martin. In 1812 an attack of insanity His Romance de Gavinies, played at his
forced him to quit the stage. He recovered concerts, is said to have always moved
a few months later, but in 1810 his insanity his hearers to teai's. He became director
returned, and he was sent to Charenton, of the Concerts Spirituels with Gossec in
where he remained until his death. Ga- 1773, and professor of violin at the Conser-
veaux wrote many operas for the Feydeau, vatoire in 1795. Among his pupils were
in which his graceful, facile style almost Capron, Robineau, Le Due aiue, Paisible,
made up for a certain lack of melodic Imbault, Baudran, and Verdiguies. Works ;
originality but for a time his works were Le pretendu, opura-comique, played at the
;
very popular. Works Le paria, ou la Comedie Italienne, 1760 Les vingt-quatre

: ;
chaumicre indienue, given at the ThOutre matinees (1794) 6 sonatas for violin with
;
Feydeau, 1792 Les deux Suisses, ib. (after; bass 6 do., op. 3
; 6 concertos for violin
;
the events of Aug. 10th, entitled L'amour and bass 3 sonatas for violin solo (Nader-
;
filial, ou la jambe de bois) Les deux ; man, Paris, 1801). Fetis Grove
Hart, ; ;
ermites. La famille indigente. La partie The Violin, 285 Larousse Fayolle, No-
; ;
carroe, Sophronime, 1791:

1793 ; ;Le petit tices sur Corelli, Tartini, Gavinies et Viotti
matelot, 1795
Lise et Colin, Tout par ; (1810).
hasard, Celiane, Delmon et Nadine, La GAYER, JOHANN JOSEPH GEORG,
gasconnade, 1796 Le traitu nul, Sophie et ; born at Engelhaus, Bohemia, April 17,
Moncars, ou I'intrigue portugaise, 1797 ; 1748, died in Homburg in 1811. Violinist,
Lconore, ou l'amour conjugal (his best pupil in Prague of Pichl, and in composi-
work, subject identical with Beethoven's tion of Loos. He made a concert tour to
Fidelio), 1798 Les noms supposc's, 1798
; ;
Darmstadt, and in 1774 became Conzert-
Les deux jockeys, 1799 Owinska, Le trom- ; meister in Homburg. His compositions in-
peur trompe, 1800 Le locataire. Theatre ; clude symphonies, church music, concertos
Favart, 1800 Avis aux femmes, Un quart
; for the violin, horn, and other instruments.
d'heure de silence. Theatre Feydeau, 1804 ;
Mendel ; Fetis.
Le diable couleur de rose, ou le bonhomme GAZTAMBIDE, JOAQUIN, born at Tu-
Misere,Le boufl'e et le tailleur, Trop tut, dela, Navarre, Spain, Feb. 7, 1822, died in
Le manage inattendu. Theatre Montansier, Madrid, March 18, 1870. Dramatic com-
1804 L'amour a Cythere, Opera, 1805
;
;
poser, pupil of Jose Guelbenzu, an organist
Monsieur Deschalumeaux, Theatre Feydeau, of Pampeluna, on the pianoforte and in com-
1805 ; Le diable en vacance. Theatre Mon- position, and later, at the Madrid Conser-
tansier, 1805 ; L'echelle de sole. Theatre Fey- vatorio, of Albeniz and Carnicer. When
deau, 1808 ; La
rose blanche et la rose rouge, leader of the orchestra at the Teatro del
1809; L'eufant prodigue, 1811; Une nuit Principe, Madrid, he brought out his first
au bois, muet de cireonstance, 1818.
ou le zarzuela, and in the twenty-five years fol-
Fetis Supplement, i. 369 Mendel.
; do.. ; lowing he wrote upwards of forty, some of
GAVINIES, PIERRE, born in Bordeaux, which were verj' jjopular. He became di-
May 26, 1726, died in Paris, Sept. 9, 1800. rector of the theatre and of the Conser-
127
;;
(iAZZA
vatoi'io concerts for tlie Society for Mutual in the princijial chai-acter, had a long and
Helj), Chevalier of the Order of Charles successful run at the Porte Saint-Martin,
HL, Commander of that of Isabella la Paris, in 1815. Paer, seeing its operatic
Catolica, and honorary professor of the capabilities, sent the play, with marginal
Couservatorio of Madrid. Works Op- notes showing how it should be divided for
eras Escenas de Chamberi (with Bar-
:
musical purposes, to bis librettist at Milan ;
bieri, Hernando, and Oudrid), 1850 La ; and the latter, instead of returning it to
picaresca (with Barbieri), 1851 Por seguii- ;
it to Rossini, who wrote for it
Paer, offered
a una mujer (with Barbieri, luzenga, and one of his most brilliant scores. The over-
Oudrid), 1851 El Valle de Andorra, 1852
;
ture, among the composer's best orchestral
;
Don Simplicio Bobadilla (with Barbieri, works, begins with a duet for snare drums,
Hernando, and Inzenga) 1853 Uu dia ; one of the earliest instances of the use of that
de reinado (with Barbieri), 1851: ; Cata- instrument in the orchestra. It was con-
lina, 1851 El sarjento Federico

; (with sidered at the time such an innovation that
Barbieri), 1855 Eutre dos aguas, 1856 ;
La zarzuela (with Arrieta and Barbieri),

1855 Los Magyares, played over one hun-
;
dred times, 1857 Amor sin conocer (with ;
Barbieri), 1858 El jm-amento, 1858 Una ; ;
Vieja, 1860 En las astas del torre, 1862

; ;
Al Amanecer Anarquia conjugal Casado; ;
y soltero El amor y el almuerzo

; El es- ;
treno de un artista El laucero La cotor- ; ;
ra ;La nina La edad en la boca Una

; ;
historia en un meson Un plcito Tribula- ; ;
ciones La hija del pueblo Las sefias del

; ;
archiduque Del palacio ii la tabei-na El

; ;
diablo las carga La mensajera Esteba- ; ;
nillo El sueno de una noche de verano

; ;
La cisterua encaiitada La conquista do Ma- ;
drid Las hijas dc Eva Los comuueros

; ;
Violante Camporese.
Matilde y Malek-Adel El secreto de la ;
reina. A kinsman, Xavier Gaztambide, ii j'oung musical enthusiast went about

was leader of orchestra at a Madrid theatre armed, with the avowed purjiose of kill-
in 186G, and the author of several dramatic ing Rossini. The part of Pippo, too, was
comijositions.
Fetis, Supplement, i. 370 the first auxiliary part wi-itten for a con- ;
Mendel, Ergiinz., 120. tralto voice, though generally sung at the

GAZZA LADRA, LA (The Thieving Mag- time, in the English and French theatres,
pie), Italian comic ojDera in two acts, text by a baritone or bass and it was not until ;
by Gherardini, music by Rossini, first rep- after this that a contralto was considered
resented at La Scala, Milan, May 31, 1817 an indisjiensable member of an opera
;
given in Loudon, King's Theatre, March company, except for first parts. The part
10,
1821, and in Paris, Theatre Italien, Sept. of Ninetta, sung in 1821 in London by
18, 1821. produced in New Madame Camporese and in Paris by IMa-
It was first
York, in the new opera-house

in Church dame Fodor, afterwards became a favourite
Street, Nov. 18, 1833. The
libretto is character with Sontag, Malibran, and Grisi.
founded on a French melodrama, " La jjie GAZZANIGA, GIUSEPPE born in Ve-
voleuse," which, with Mile Jenny Vertpre rona, Italy, October, 1743, died at Cremona
;
GEAR
before 1819. Dramatic comjioscr, jinpil of Francis Barnett at tbe London Academy of
Porpora iu Venice and at S. Ouofrio, Naples, Music. Works Sonatas for jjianoforte :
;
and in 1767-69 of Piccinni. He returned String quartet Songs Two operettas. ; ;
to Venice about 1770, and becauie tbe GEBADER, ETIENNE FRANCOIS, bom
friend of Saccbini, who aided bim
1777, died in 1823. Flu- in tbe at Versailles iu
production of bis first brotber and pupil of Micbel Josejib
opera. In 1779 be tist,
went to Napiles and remained until 1781, Gebauer, and, ou tbe flute, pupil of Hugot
wben be visited Palermo, to bring out sev- entered tbe orcbestra of tbe Opera Comique
eral operas and a mass composed for tbe iu 1801, became first flutist in 1813, and
fete of St. Cecilia. In 1791 be became retired iu 1822 on account of feeble bealtb.
maestro di cappella of tbe Catbedral of Cre- Among bis numerous compositions are 19 :
mona and devoted bimself cbiefly to cburcb works of duets for flutes Several do. for 2 ;
music. Among bis operas, II convitato di violins Sonatas for flute, witb bass, op. 8, ;
pietra, tbe forerunner of Don Giovanni, 14 More tban 100 soli, airs varies, etc., ;
bad a great success in tbe Italian cities, for flute Airs varies for clainet. Fetis. ;
and later iu Loudon. He left several can- GEBAUER, FRANgOIS RENfi, born in
tatas, a Te Deum, and otber cburcb music. Versailles iu 1773, died in Paris, July, 1845.
Works Ojjeras : II fiuto cieco, given at Vi- Bassoonist, jjupil of bis brotber Micbel
enna, 1770 ; La locanda, 1771 II calan- ; Josepb Gebauer and Devienne. He was
drino, 1771; L' isola d'Alcina, 1772; Ezio, bassoonist in tbe Garde Suisse wben fifteen,
1772 La tromba di Merlino, 1772
; La ; professor at tbe Versailles Conservatoire
donna soldato, 1774 II ciarlatano in tiera,
; wben twenty-tbree, member of tbe orcbestra
1771 Marino Carbonaro, 1775 La fedelta
; ; of tbe Op)era, Paris, in 1801-26, and musician
d' amore alia prova, 1776 Ai-mida, 1777 ; ;
of tbe emjieror's cbapel. Cbevalier of tbe
La contessa di Nuova Luna, Dresden, 1778 ;
Legion of Honour, 1814. Works Sonatas :
;
Antigono, Naj^les, 1779 La donna cajnic- ; Duets Trios Quartets Quintets Sympbou-
;
; ; ;
ciosa, 1780 II ritorno d' Ulisse, Palermo,

; ies Overtures.
;
Fetis Mendel Riemann. ; ;
1781 Peneloppe, ib., 1781 La veudemmia,

; ; GEBAUER, inCHEL JOSEPH, born at
Venice, 1783 La creduta infedele, Naples,
; La Fere (Aisue), France, in 1763, died in
1783 II seraglio d' Osmanno, Florence and
; December, 1812, during tbe retreat from
Milan, 1785 Circe, Venice, 17SG Le douue
; ; Moscow. Tbe sou of a regimental mu-
fanaticbe, ib., 178G La dama incognita, ; sician, be became oboist in tbe Swiss
1787 ; La cameriera di spirito, Venice, Guard was also a singer in tbe cbapel at
;
1787 La Didone, ib., 1787 II couvitato

; ; Versailles, and a clever violinist. He was
di pietra, Venice, 1787 L' Italiana in Lou- ; a member of tbe baud of tbe Garde Na-
dra, Piacenza, 1789 L' amor costante, L' im-
; tionale, Paris, in 1791, aud professor at tbe
presario in angustie, Ferrara, 1789 La ; Conservatoire in 1794-1802. He left tbe
moglie cappricciosa, 1789 Idomeneo. Pad- ; last position to become cbef of tbe con-
ua, 1790 Achille in Sciro, about 1790
;
;
sular guard band, subsequently tbe Garde
La donna cbe non parla, about 1790 La ; Imix'riale. Works 200 military marcbes :
;
disfatta de' Mori, Turin, 1791 H marito ; 2 Quartets for flute, clarinet, born, and
migliore, Milan, 1801. He left also several bassoon Duets for various instruments.
;
cantatas, a Te Deum, and otber cburcb mu- Fetis, iii. 433 do., Supplement, i. 371 ; ;
sic. Fetis, iii. 431 ; Supplement, i. 371 ;

Larousse Mendel Riemann. ; ;
Grove, Larousse. GEBEL, FRANZ XAVER, boru at Fiir-

GE.\E, GEORGE FREDEEICK, born in stenau, near Breslau, iu 1787, died iu Mos-
London, May 21, 1857, still Hving, 1889. cow iu 1843. Pupil of Vogler and Al-
Pianist, pupil of Dr. Wylde, and Jobn brecbtsberger. He was director of tbeatro
XS9
;
GEEEL
orchestras in Vienna, Pestli, and Lemberg, GEBHARDI, ERNST, born LUDWIG
where he brought out with success several at Nottleben, Thuringia, iu 1787, died in
operas of his composition. From 1817 he Erfurt, Sejjt. 4, 18G2. He was organist at
taught the isiauoforte in Moscow. Works : the Predigerkirche and royal music director
Mass 4 symphonies Several overtures
; ; ;
in Erfurt. He published several collections
Quartets and quintets for strings ; Sonatas, of organ music. Mendel ; Riemaun ; Fetis.
fantasias, etc., for pianoforte ;
Preludes for GEBHART, ANTON, born at Sonthofen,
organ German songs. Mendel
;
; Fetis ; Bavaria, in 1817, stiU living, 1889. Organ-
do., Supplement, i. 371 Riemaun. ; ist, pupil of his father and of Anton Schmid,
GEBEL, GEOKG, the elder, born at whose successor he became as organist and
Breslau iu 1GS5, died there in 1750. Or- music teacher in Dilliugen in 1842. In 1858
ganist, pupil of Tiburtius Winkler and of he became also director of the church music.
Johann Heiurich Krause became organist He composed a mass, a Requiem, a Stabat
;
at Brieg in 1709, where he was much iuflu- Mater, Miserere, Pangue lingua, and other
cnccd by Stulzel, and in 1713 went iu the church music, and wrote on music. Mendel.
same capacity to Breslau. He was the in- GEBT MIR MEINEN JESUM WIE-
ventor of a clavichord with quarter tones, DER, aria in G major for the bass of Coro
and of a clavi-cymbalum with manual and H, with accompauiment of violin solo,
pedal. He composed a Passion-Oratorio strings complete, and continue, in Johann ;
60 cantatas Mass with orchestra

; 25 Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Matthilus, ;
psalms a collection of canons (among Part H.

;
which, one for 30 voices) 70 chorals 24 GEDENK AN UNS, jNHT DEINER

; ;
concertos for pianoforte 48 concertos and LIEBE, soprano aria in B minor, with ac-
;
other works for various instruments prel- companiment of oboe, strings complete, or-;
udes for organ, etc., all in MS. Fetis gan, and continue, in Johann Sebastian ;
Mendel Riemaun Schilling.

; ; Bach's cantata Bei der Rathswahl zu Leip-
GEBEL, GEORG, the yomiger, born at zig, 1731, " Wir danken dir, Gott, wir dan-
Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 25, 1709, died at Rudol- keu dir " published separatelj-, with addi- ;
stadt, Sept. 24, 1753. Organist, son and tional accompaniments by Rob. Fi'anz, by
pupil of Georg Gcbel the elder, was second F. Wliistling, Leipsic, 18G0.
organist at S. M. JMagdalena, Breslau, and GEDULD GEDULD aria in A minor ! !,
at the same time KajêUmeister to the Duke for the tenor of Coro H, with accompani-
of 01s. In 1835 he became a member of ment of violoncello and continue, in Johann
Count Briihl's orchestra in Dresden was Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Matthilus, ;
ai^pointed royal Kapellmeister in Rudolstadt Part I.

in 1747. Works Operas Oedipus, 1751 GEGRUSST, GEGRUSST. See Eienzi.
:
Medea, 1752 Tarquinius Superbus, 1752

; GEHOT, JEAN, born in Belgium about ;
Sophonisbe, 1753 Marcus Autouius, 1753 1756. Violinist

; made concert tours in ;
;
Serpillo e Melissa, given in Dresden, about England, Germany, and France he was liv- ;
1740 Several cantatas

; An Oratorio A ing in London in 1784. He wrote quartets,
; ;
Mass More than 100 symphonies for or- trios, and duets for strings also a method
; ;
chestra Concertos for pianoforte Church for \dolin, and other musical instruction
; ;
and chamber music. His younger brother, books. Jlendel Fetis Wasielewski, Die ; ;
Georg Sigismund (died in 1775 in Breslau, Violine, 284.

where he was organist at St. Elizabeth's), GEIGER, JOSEPH, born in Lower Aus-
composed fugues and preludes for the or- tria in 1814, died in Vienna, Dec. 30, 1861.
gan. Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. 452 ; Fetis ;
Pianist, lived long in Vienna as a music
Mendel ; Schilling. teacher, in favour at court and with the
130
: ;
GEIJER
public. Works : Wlasta, opera, given in of Cervetti. His works comprise concertos
Vienna, 1840 ; Solemn mass and sonatas for the violin, church music,
for 4 voices
and orchestra, op. 7 ; O Deus, ergo, gradual and some pieces for the organ. Mendel;
for 4 voices and organ, op. G ; Marches, Fetis.
caprices, divertissements, rondos, etc., for GELINEK, Abt JOSEF, born at Selcz,
jjiauoforte. Futis, iii. 430 ; Mendel, iv. Bohemia, Dec. 3, 1758, died in Vienna, April
172. 13, 1825. Pianist, pupil of Segert ; entered
GEI.JEE, ERIK GUSTAF, born at Raii- the seminary of Prague in 1783, and be-
siitter, Wermlaud, Sweden, Jan. 12, 178.3, came a i3riest in 178G. On Mozart's recom-
died in Upsala, April 23, 1847. He was mendation he was ajopointed domestic chap-
professor of history in the University of lain and pianoforte teacher to Count Philipp
Upsala from 1817. With Lindblad he made Kinsky, who took him in 1795 to Vienna,
a collection of new Swedish songs, and with where he was in the ser\ice of Prince Joseph
Afzelius made the valuable compilation of Kinsky thirteen years. He studied theory
old Swedish songs. He comjjosed piano- under Albrechtsberger, and became inti-
forte music and some tasteful songs in the mate with Mozart. He was a very fashion-
style of his nation. Riemann ; Fetis. able teacher until about 1810, and his com-
GEISLER, PAUL, born at Stolp, Pom- positions brought him so much money that
erania, Aug. 10, 1856, still living, 1880. he was able to leave his poor relatives 42,000
Dramatic composei-, pupil of his grand- florins. He composed about 1,000 pieces,
father, who was director of music atMaricn- mostly very shallow, though occasionally
burg, and of Konstantin Decker has lived ; showing an easy and elegant style. He was
mostly in Leipsic since 1873. Works called the variation-hero, and Paris dealers
lugeborg, opera, text by Peter Lohmann, had men in their employ writing music to
Bremen, 1884 Der Rattenfilnger von
; be jJublished under Gelinek's name in the
Hameln, symphonicMagdeburg, time of his greatest popularity. Works
poem, :
1880 ; Maria Mag- About 125 themes with variations Trios

Till Eulenspiegel, Mira, ;
dalena, symphonic poems Ejnsodes; Mon- and sonatas for pianoforte and strings
;
ologues Songs.; Fantasias, rondos, sonatas, and many other

GEISSLER, KARL, born at Mulda, pieces for j>ianoforte. Wurzbach Mendel ;
near Frauenstein, Saxony, April 28, 1802, Fetis Grove. ;
died at Bad Elster in 18G9. Pupil of his GELOSIE VILLANE, LE (Rustic Jeal-
father and of Fischer, cantor in Freiberg, opera buffa in two acts, text
ousies), Italian
and prefect of the chorus. In 1822 he be- by Grandi, music by Sarti, represented at
came organist and third teacher in the city Venice, 177G. Mozart wrote for it, in 1791,
school at Zschoi)au, and later was cantor a fine chorus, of which nothing has sur-
and music director. He composed songs, vived but five measures in his autograph
pianoforte and organ music, and edited a catalogue (Kochel, G15).
Choralbuch. Mendel ; Fetis ; Schilling. GEMINIANI, FRiVNCESCO, born in
GELINEK, HERJIANN ANTON (called Lucca in 1G80, died in Dublin, Dec. 17,
Cervetti), born at Horzeuiowecs, Bohemia, 17C2. Violinist, pupil of Scarlatti, Lonati,
Aug. 8, 1709, died in Milan, Dec. 5, 1779. and Corelli, who considered him his best
Organist and violinist, entered the Premon- schol.ar,and of whose school he must be con-
strant Abbey at Seelau, after becoming a sidered one of the foremost representatives,
priest, and was sent to study law in Vienna, although his playing and compositions dif-
but on his return found the life unbearable, fered in style from those of his great master.
and leaving the abbey secretly, travelled as a He went in 1714 to England, where he soon
violinist. He lived in Najjles under the name won reputation as a virtuoso. He visited
131
;;
GEMMINGEN
Paris in 1748-55, and on his return to Eng- Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. 557 ; F('tis ; Mendel
land settled permanently in London. In Schilling.
17G1 he went to GEMMA DI VERGY, Italian opera, text
Dublin on a visit, by Bidera, music by Donizetti, represented
and died there. Ge- in i\Iilan, 1835, and in Paris, Theatre Ita-
iniuiaui had found lien, Dec. IG, 184.5. It was first produced
the art of violin in New York, in 1843, by a French com-
playing in its in- lâny from New Orleans.
fancy on his arrival GENAST, EDUARD FRANZ, born in
in England, and lie Weimar, July 15, 1797, died in Wiesbaden,
did considerable to Aug. 3, 18GG. Dramatic composer, pujiil
advance it. His of Eberwein and later of Hiiser in singing.
most valuable con- He made his debut at Weimar in 1814 un-
"
tribution was his " Art of Playing the Violin der Goethe's direction was director of the ;
(London, 1740), the first book of the kind theatre in Magdeburg in 1828 and from ;
ever published in England, it being six years 1829 had an engagement for life at the
earlier than Leopold Mozart's " Violin Weimar Court Theatre, being pensioned in
School." It has the merit of handing down 18G0. He was also opera manager in Wei-
to j)Osterity the principles of the art of play- mar in 1833-51. Works Die Sonnenmiin- :
ing the violin as they were finally established ner, and Die Verriither in den Alpen,
by Corelli. His rules for holding the vio- operas, iêrformed in Weimar Music to ;
lin and bow are the same as are recognized Saphir's Die letzto Stunde des Hauscs
in our day. Works 12 solos, op. 1 (Lon- Songs. Ho iûblished his memoirs, Aus
:
don, 1716) ;G concertos for seven parts, op. dem Tagebuche eiues alteu Schauspielers
2 (ib., 1732, Paris, 1755) 6 concertos, op. (Leipsic, 18G1-GG). Mendel Fetis.
; ;
3 (London, Paris, 1775) 12 solos, op. 4

; GENEE, RICHARD, born in Dantzic,
(Loudon, 1739) G solos for violoncello, op. Feb. 7, 1823, still living, 1889. Dramatic
;
5, arrangements from violin solos ; 6 con- composer, iûpil of Stahlknecht in Berlin.
certos, op. G (London, 1741) 6 concertos In 1848-G7 ho was Kapellmeister of theatres

;
for eight parts, op. 7 12 sonatas for violin, in Reval, Riga, Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle,
;
op. 11 (Loudon, 1758) 12 trios and G trios, Diisseldorf, Dantzic, Mainz, Schwerin, Am-
;
the latter an arrangement of op. 1 Lessons sterdam, and Prague. Became Kapellmeis-
;
for the harpsichord He pub- ter of the Vienna Theater an der Wien in
(London).
lished also an arrangement of Corelli's 18G8, and retired in 1878 to his villa at
solos, op. 5, as Concerti grossi (London). Pressbaum, near Vienna. He is the author
Grove Fetis Hart, The Violin, 218 of most of his own librettos, has translated
; ; ;
"VVasielewski, Die Violine, 48 Dubourg, many, and has furnished some to Strauss,
;
The Violin, 5G. Supije, and Millijcker. Works Operas :
GEMmNGEN, EBERHARD FRIED- Polj-phem, oder eiu Abenteuer auf Marti-

RICH, Freiherr VON, pianist, born at Heil- nique, given in Dantzic, 185G Der Geiger ;
bronn, Nov. 5, 1726, died in Stuttgart, Jan. aus Tirol, 1857 Der Musikfeind, Die Gen-
;
19, 1791. He adopted the judicial profes- eralprobe, Schwerin, 18C2 Rosita, Mainz, ;
sion, and rose to the dignity of president of 1864 Der schwarze Prinz, Prague, 18GG
; ;
the government council in Stuttgart, prac- Am Runenstein (with Flotow), Prague,

tising music as an amateur, and composing 18G7; Dor Seekadett, Vienna, 1876, trans-
pianoforte concertos and sonatas, six sym- lated into several languages Nanon, die ;
phonies, chamber and vocal music, mostly Wirtin vom Goldenen Lamm, Vienna, 1877 ;
remaining in MS. He was also a poet. Im Wuuderlande der PjTamiden, ib., 1877 ;

GENEKALI
Die letzten Mobikaner, Munich, 1878 Nisi- ; ritratto del duca, Venice, 1808 Lo sposo ;
ka, Vienna, 1880 Rosina, ib., 1881 Songs

; ; ;
in contrasto, Vienna, 1808 La moglie di ;
Choruses for male voices. Brockhaus ;

tre mariti, Venice, 1809 Amore vince lo ;
Kiemann ; Mendel ; Fetis, Suj)plement, i. sdegno, Rome, 1809 L' Adelina, La Cec- ;
372. china, farces, Venice, 1810 Chi non risica ;
GENERALI, PIETRO, bom Masse- at non rosiea, Milan, 1811 La vedova deli- ;
rano, Piedmont, Oct. -i, 1783, died atNovara, rante, Rome, 1811 La sciocca per gli altri e
;
Nov. 3, 1832. Dramatic composer, luipil r astuta per se, Venice, 1811 Gaulo ed ;
of Giovanni Massi. His real name, Mer- Ojtono, Naples, 1812 La vedova strava- ;
candetti, had been changed by his father gante, Milan, 1812 L' orbo die ci vede,
;
on his banki-uptcy and removal to Rome. Bologna, 1812 Isabella, farce,

; Venice,
He began to write masses and church mu- 1813 Eginardo e Lisbetta, Naples, 1813
; ;
sic soon after finishing his studies, and pro- Amor prodotto dall' odio, Milan, 1813 Ba- ;
duced his first opera in 1800. In 1801-17 jazetto, La contessa di CoUe Erboso, II servo
he visited many Italian cities, producing padrone, Turin, 1814; L' impostore ossia ;
operas, meeting with success especially in il marcotondo, Milan, 1815 I Baccanali di ;
Venice, where most of his best works were Roma (his best work), Venice, 1815 La ;
given. His I baccanali di Roma had great Vestale, Trieste, 1816 II trionfo d' Ales- ;
success, and was given in many Euroj)eau sandro, Bologna, 1816 Elato, ib., 1817 ; ;
cities. In 1817-20 he was director of the Rodrigo di Valenza, Milan, 1817 II divor- ;
Barcelona theatre and gave there many of zio persiano o il gran Bazzaro di Bassora,
his works but, his popularity waning as
; Trieste, 1829 Francesca da Rimini, Ven-
;
Rossini came into favour, he accepted the ice, 1829. Piccoli, Elogio di P. Generali
position of maestro di cappella of the Ca- (Novara, 1833) Fetis, iii. 4:15 do., Supple-
; ;
thedral of Novara and devoted himself to ment, i. 372 Grove Mendel.

; ;
church music. In 1827, however, he brought GENET, ELIAZAR (Elziar), surnamed

out an oratorio, II voto di Jef te in Florence, Carpentras, or il Carpentrasso, born at Car-
and followed this with an opera buffa, II pieutras (Vaucluse) in the second half of the
divorzio persiano, which was not a suc- 15th century. Church composer, and maes-
cess. In 1829, after studying Rossini's style, tro di cappella of the Pontifical Chapel,
he gave his opera Francesca da Rimini, which he entered under Leo X., who be-
written for the opening of the Fenice, but came his patron, and made him bishop in
it was badly received. The precursor of partibus in 1518. He was sent on a mis-
Rossini, he was the first to emploj' certain sion to Avignon in 1521 (?), and having re-
harmonies and modulations of which Ros- turned to Rome at the end of 1523 or in
sini took advantage, but he did not possess 1524, we know of his being again at Avi-
the genius of his successor. Works gnon in 1527. Works Liber primus mis- :
Operas Gli amauti ridicoli, Rome, 1800 sarum, containing 5 masses (Avignon, 1532)
:
; ;
II duca Nottolone, ib., 1802 La villana al Liber Lamentationum Hieremie prophete

;
cimento, farce, ib., 1802 Le gelosie di (sic) (ib., 1532) Liber Hymnorum usus Ro-
; ;
Giorgio, farce, Bologna, 1802 La Pamela manre ecclesise (1533) Liber cantici Mag-
;
;
nubile, Venice, 1802 La calzolaja, ib., nificat, omnium tonorum. The manuscript
;
1803 Misantropia e pentimento, Gli effetti of the book of masses is in the Imperial
;
della Somiglianza, farces, ib., 1805 Don Library, Vienna. Fetis Schilling.
;
;
Chisciotto, Milan, 180.5 Orgoglio ed umi- GENEVliiVE DE BRABANT, French

;
liazione, Venice, 1806 L' idolo Cinese, Na- opera-bouffe in two acts and seven tableaux,
;
ples, 1807 Lo sposo in Bersaglio, Flor- text by Jaime fils and Etienne Trcfeu, mu-
;
ence, 1807 Le lagrime d' una vedova, II sic by Ofleubach, first represented at the
;
GENISCIITA
Theatre des Bouflfes Parisiens, Paris, Nov. GENST, AUGUSTE DE, born iu Brus-
19, 1859. In 1875 it was given at the The- sels, June 24, 1801, living in 1889. Pianist,
atre de la Gaite, iu five acts, with text re- pujjil His compositions for pi-
of Cazot.
vised hj Hector Cromieux and Trefeu, and anoforte,numbering about forty, were pub-
vvith eight new numbers by the comjioser, lished in Brussels, Holland, and Germanj-.
mostly written for Mile Thorcsa. Afterwards he composed also operas, and
GEXISCHTA, rV'AN, born in Russia symphonies.- Fctis ; Mendel.
about 1810, still living, 1889. Pianist and GENTILI, GIORGIO, born in Venice
violoncellist, lived at Moscow, where he be- about 1668, died (?). VioUuist, first violin
came director of a singing society in 1837. of the ducal chapel of Venice. "Works So- :
His style was formed under the influence natas and concertos for violin (Venice, 1701-
of Beethoven's music. AYorks 3 grand so- 08). Fetis Mendel Gerber, ii. 289 Schil-
: ; ; ;
natas for pianoforte and violoncello, or vio- ling, iii. 194.

lin, op. 6, 7, 9 Grand sonata for piano-
; GENTILI, RAFFAELE, born in Rome
forte, op. 12 ; about 1837, died there, Aug. 7, 1867.
3 nocturnes for violoncello,
with violin, op. Sonata for pianoforte Dramatic composer. His operas, Stefania,
10 ;
and violoncello, op. 13 Fantasia for piano- given in Rome, 1860, Werther, ib., 1802,
;
forte, op. 14.

Fetis. Rosamonda, ib. 1867, gave signs of great ,
GENOVES (Geuues), TOMMASO, born promise, cut short by his early death. He
at Seville in the first years of the 19th cen- left also pianoforte music and songs. Fe-
tury. Dramatic composer went to Italj- ; tis. Supplement, i. 372 ; Mendel, Ergiiuz.,
in 183-1, and lived in Bologna, Rome, and 121.
Naples.
Works Operas La rosa bianca : GENTLE MRS, tenor air iu A major
e la rosa rossa, given iu Madrid, 1831 ; with violoncello obligato, of Mathau, in
Zelma, Bologna, 1835 La battaglia di Le- ; Handel's Alhalia, Part I.
pante, Rome, 183G Bianca di Belmonte,

; GEPRIESEN SEI DIE STUNDE. See
Venice, 1838 Iginia d' Asti, Naples, 1810
; ; Taniihduser.
Luisa della Valliere, ]\Iil;ui, 1845 Le sere ; GERBER, ERNST LUD"1G, born in
d'autunno al Monte Pincio, collection of ro- Sondershausen,
mances (Milan, Ricordi). Fetis ; Mendel. Sept. 29, 1746, died
GEN0\T3VA, German opera iu foiu' acts, there, June 30,
text by Robert Reiniclc, music by Schu- 1819. Composer,
mann, represented at the thesitre of Leipsic, son and pujjil of
June 25, 1850. The libretto, founded on Heinrich Nicolaus
the legend of St. Genevieve, follows jsartly Gerber, under
the two versions of the story in the trage- whom he studied
dies of Tieck and Hebbel, though princi- the pianoforte, or-
pally the latter. Schumann, dissatisfied with gan, and violon-
Reinick's work, changed it materially to suit cello. He entered
his own ideas. The music, begun iu 1847, Leipsic University
was finished in August, 1848, but its pro- in 1765,but soon gave up law for music re- ;
duction was delayed. Its reception was turned to Sondershausen to assist his father,
honourable but not enthusiastic, and it was and succeeded him as court organist in 1775.
withdrawn after three rei^resentations. The He was also chamber musician, and from
overture, one of Schumann's masterpieces, 1795 a court secretary. He visited Weimar
is a standard work in the concert repertory in 1772 and 1776, Leipsic in 1780, Cassel in
all over Europe and America. Grove, iii. 1786, and other German cities in 1793 and
399 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 25G.
; 1797. His collection of portraits of musi-
13-1
,
GERBER
cians led Liiii to think of writing biogra- berg, he was brought up in that town un-
phies to accompany them. This resulted in til 1857, when he was sent to school in
Lis " Historiscb-biographisches Lexicon der Gratz. In 18G2 he
Tonkiinstler " (2 vols., Leipsic, 1790-92). entered the Vienna
Receiving corrections and further informa- C o n s e r V a t o r i u m
tion he prepared a new edition, " Neues where he studied com-
historisch-biographisehes Lexikon der Ton- position three years
which under Dessoff; many
kiinstler" (i vols., Leipsic, 1812-14),
does not supersede the older work, since it of his works date from
constantly refers to it. Considering that this period. In Oc-
he lived iji a small city without a public tober, 18G5, he be-
library, and that few had preceded him in came Kapellmeister of
the same field, his Lexicons are remarkably tho theatre at Linz
;
complete, and give evidence of wonderful in 1874, Kapellmeister at the Vienna Hof-
industry. They have been extensively used oper, conjointly with Hans Richter and in ;
by subsequent investigators. He wrote 1880 succeeded Brahms as conductor of the

all
also for several musical papers. The Vi- Gesellschaftsconzerte, the principal concerts
enna Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde bought in Vienna for the performance of large cho-
He conducted also the Singve-
ral works.
branch society of the Gesellschaft
rein, a
der Musikfreunde. In 1884 he threw up
his books and music. Works Pianoforte his positions in Vienna to accept the post of
:
sonatas Choral preludes for organ, and conductor of the Boston Symphony Orches-
;
other instrumental pieces.

Gerber Schil- tra in Boston, Mass., which he has held ever
;
ling Allgem. d. Biogr.

; Mendel Grove since. After leaving the Conservatorium,
; ; ;
Eiemann Eochlitz, Fiir Freunde der Tou- during his three years at which he com-
;
kunst, ii. 35. posed almost incessantly, his duties as Ka-

GERBEK, HEINRICH NICOLAUS, born pellmeister left him but little leisure for
at Wenigen-Ehrich, near Sondershausen, composition. His works have been given
Sejit. G, 1702, died at Sondershausen, Aug. principally in Linz, Vienna, and Boston, ex-
G, 1775. Organist, pujjil of Johann Sebas- cept some male choruses, which have made
tian Bach, became organist at Heringen in the round of almost all the singing societies
1728, and court organist at Soudershausen in Germany. He is especially distinguished
in 1731 was appointed secretary to the as an orchestral and choral conductor, and
;
court there in 1719, without, however, re- a remarkable score reader it is chietiy ow- ;
signing his musical functions. He occu- ing to his drilling that the Boston orchestra
pied himself also with improvements in the owes its present high position among the
mechanism of the organ, and constructed great orchestras of the world. Shortly be-
a Strohfiedel (Xylophone) with keyboard. fore leaving Vienna, in 1884, he was made
His compositions, consisting of concertos, honorary member of the Gesellschaft der
chorals, fugues, ijreludes, sonatas, and trios Musikfreunde, a distinction verj' seldom
for the organ, and concertos, menuets, mur- conferred. Works in MS.: 2 sonatas for
kys, suites, and trios for pianoforte, remain pianoforte 2 sonatas for violin and piano-
;
in MS. Fetis Mendel Schilling.

; ; forte Trio for pianoforte, violin, and vio-
;
GERECHTEE GOTT. See Riemi. loncello String-quartet Septet

; Recpii- ; ;
GERICKE, WILHELM, born in Gratz, em Little Siugspiel about 100 Lieder ; ;
Styria, April 18, 1845, still living, in Boston, and many choruses (all written between
1889. The son of a merchant in Schwan- 18G2 and 18G5) Concert overture (first
;
1.35
;
GERKE
given in Vienna, and later twice in Boston, GERL (GOrl), FRANZ, dramatic com-
in 1885-86 and 1SS7-88, under the pseudo- poser, close of 18th century. He was an
nym of Wenzel Ecker) Sonata for piano- ; actor at tbe Schikaneder Theater, Vienna,
forte Quintet for jjianoforte and strings
;
before 1794, and after that time at tbe Na-
1 movement of a sonata for violin and j'ia- j
tional Theatre in Briiun. Works Operet-
uoforte Sclion Hanucben, operetta, Linz,
; tas : Die Wiener Zeitung, given at Briinu,
I
between 1865 and IST^, and also in Pestb ;

'
1790 Das Schlaraffenland, Vienna, 1790

; ;
Huldigungscbor, given at a serenade to tbe '
Die dummen Gartner, ib., 1794 Der Graf ;
newly married Crown Prince and Princess Balbaroue, Briinn, 179G Der Stein der ;
in tbe spring of 1881, and in Boston, Jan. Weisen, Vienna, 1797. Mendel, iv. 195 ;
16, 1886 Additional accompaniments to

; do., Ergiinz., 121 Fetis Schilling Ger- ; ; ;
Handel's Judas Maccabeus, and to an An- ber.

tbem ; movements by Bacb scored
3 sonata GERLE, HANS two musicians of this ;
for orcbestra 3 movements of a suite for name lived in Nuremberg in the 16tb cen-
;
orcbestra, Boston. Publisbed works Deut- tury, and are distinguished as the elder and:
scbe Tanze, Vienna, Bosendorfer Weun dii- the younger. They were both makers and
;
Gott eiu Licb' gescbenkt, cborus witb tenor players of lutes and violins, but only tbe
and baritone solos, ib. i Lieder, ib.; 4 elder one composed works that are of
;
Clavierstiicke fiir die Jugeud, for i bands,

historical value. Works Lautenpartien :
Vienna, Scbmidt
4 Lieder, ib. ;2 male (1530) Musica Teusob, auf die Instrument
; ;
choruses, Wacb auf, du scbOue Triiumeriu, der grossen unnd kleinen Geygen, audi
and, O Welt, du bist so wuuderscbiin, ib. Lautten (Nuremberg, 1532) a second edi- ;
3 mixed cboruses, So weit, Muutrer Bacb, tion of same, as Musica und Tabulatur (ib.,
and Herbst am Rbein, ib.; 3 male cboruses, 1546) Eyn Newes sehr Kiinstlichs Lauten- ;
Marie von Oborlaud, Herbst im Meere, and buch (ib., 1552). Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 23 ;
Weun der Friibling auf die Berge steigt, Gerber; Allgem. mus. Zeitung, xviii. 309,
Vienna, Bucbbolz 2 Lieder, Bitte, and 325
; Mouatsheft fiir Musik-Geschicbte, iii. ;
Meine Boten, New York, Scbirnier. 211 iv. 38 vii., Beilage, 100 Fetis Schil- ; ; ; ;
GERIvE, AUGUST, born in Poland about ling.

1790, died after 1848. Violinist, Kapell- GERLI, GIUSEPPE, born in Italy in
meister to Count Hanski ; travelled with bis 1812, died at Milan in May, 1885. Dra-
four precocious musical children ; in 1824 matic composer and basso ; made his ap-
was attached to the ducal court of Dessau, pearance on provincial stages in Italy, 1832,
then returned to Russia ; in 1835 was music attempted to establish Italian oijera in
dii-eetor in Cassel, and
1848 occupied a Algiers, 1839, but, failing, proceeded to
in
similar position in Detmold. Works Over- Spain, where he sang at Pampeluna and :
tures Polonaises Chamber and pianoforte Bilbao in 1841, at Cadiz and Santander,
; ;
music.
Futis Mendel Schilling.
; 1842, and at Saragossa in 1845.
; In the
GERKE, OTTO, born in Limeburg, July year following he was orcbestra conduc-
13, 1807, died at Paderborn, June 28, 1878. tor of the Italian theatre in Berlin. Works
Violinist, pupil of bis father and in Cas- Operas II piocco, opera buffix, I gal- I
:
sel of Si)ohr and Hauptmann. He made antuomini falsi, do., given in Milan,
concert tours, and from 1837 Uved nine 1834 II sogno punitore, Algiers, 1839, Mi- ;
years in Russia. In 1847 be settled in lan, 1844 Pelagio, Algiers, 1840, Barcelona, ;
Paderborn as a teacher. Works Concer- 1845.Fetis. :
tos, quartets, etc., in all about forty works, GERNE ^\^LL ICH MICH BEQUE-
for violin Pianoforte music.
;
Mendel MEN, aria in G minor for the bass of Coro
Fetis. II, with accompaniment of violin and con- I
; ;
GERNSHEIM
tinuo, in Johann Sebastian Bacbs Fassion chestra ;
Quintet for pianoforte and strings,
nach Matthiius, Part I. op. 353 quartets for do., op. 20 and 47 ;
;
GERN8HEIM, FRIEDRICH, born at 2 trios for do., op. 28 and 37 Quintet for ;
Worms, July 17, strings, op. 9 3 quartets for do., op. 25, 31,
;
1839, still living, and 51 ; 2 sonatas for pianoforte and violin,

1889. Pianist, first op. 4 and 50 Sonata for pianoforte and
;
instructed by Musik- violoncello, op. 12. Mendel Mus. Wochen- ;
director Liebe, then blatt, i. 388, 678 iii. 227 is. 66 xiv. 476 ; ; ; ;
at Mainz puj)il of N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1868), 211 (1869), ;
Pauer, at Frankfort 116 Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1865), 34, 116,

;
of Rosenbain and 339, 343.

Hauff, at the Conser- GERO, GIOVANNI DE, known asMaistre
vatorium, Leipsic, of Jhan, Italian maestro di
vocal comijoser,
Moscheles, Haupt- cai)25ella of the cathedral at Orvieto during
mauu, Rietz, and Ricbter finally studied in ; the first half of the 16th century. He was
Paris (1855), where he began also to teach, long erroneously identified with Jacobus
and was esteemed as a pianist. In 1861 he Gallus. Works Symphonia quatuor modu- :
became director of music at Saarbriicken, lata vocibus (Venice, 1543) Madrigali a ;
in 18G5 instructor at the Couservatoriuni tre voci, 2 books (ib., 1541, 1555) Madri- ;
of Cologne, where he conducted three mu- gali italiani e canzoui alia francese, a due
sical societies, and in 1873 the opera or- voci, 2 books (Orvieto, 1544, Venice, 1552,
chestra in 1872 he was made professor by
; 1572, 1582) Many detached pieces in va-
;
the Duke of Gotha, and in 1871 director of rious collections of the time, as in Motetti
the Conservatorium at Rotterdam. Works della Simia (Ferrara, 1539), Selectissima):
WYichterlied aus der Neujahrsnacht des nee nou familiarissimse cantiones ultra cen-
Jahres 1200, for male chorus and orchestra, tum (Augsburg, 1540) Cantiones sei:)tem, ;
op. 7 Salamis, Siegesgesang der Griechen, sex et quiuque vocum (ib., 1545); Conceutus
;
for do., oj). 10 lliimische Leichenfeier, for octo, sex, quinque et quatuor vocum omnium
;
do., op. 1 Germania, Ein deutsclier Sieges- jucundissinii (ib., 1545), Jacques Moderne's
;
gesang, for do., op. 24 Das Grab im Bu- fourth Livre de motets (Lyons, 1539).
; Fc-
sento, for do., op. 52 Odina Meeresritt, for tis Mendel Riemaun.
; ; ;
baritone solo, male chorus, and orchestra, GERSBACH, ANTON, born at Sack-
po. 48 Nordische Sommeruacht, for mixed ingen, Baden, Feb. 21, 1803, died in
;
chorus, soli, and orchestra, oix 21 ; Agrip- Carlsruhe, Aug. 17, 1848. Pupil of his
pina, scene for contralto or mezzo-soi^rauo, brother, Josejih Gersbach, also studied at
chorus, and orchestra, oj). 45 ; Salve Regina Nilgeli's Institute, Zurich. After a short
and female chorus, op. 11 time spent in Nuremberg and Halle he
for sojirano solo ;
4 Gesilnge for male chorus, op. 40; Zwei taught the pianoforte in Ziiricb, and in
Lieder, for do., op. 41 1831 succeeded his brother in the seminary
; Kriegslied, for do.
Lied der 43 Festgruss, at Carlsruhe, where he taught singing, the
Stiidte, for do., op. ;
for do., op. 49 Auf der Wacht, for do., Der organ, and harmony.
; He composed songs
Liebesbote, for mixed chorus Waldmeis- and pianoforte music. Works ; 12 varia- :
ter's Brautfahrt, overture for full orchestra, 30 studies for do. tions for pianoforte ; ;
op. 13 2 symphonies for do., op. 32, 46

; four-part songs 29 two-part songs (1839) ; ;
Concerto for pianoforte, with orchestra, op. 25 children's songs for one and two voices ;
16 Fautasiestiick, for violin with orchestra, 12 motets for male chorus Songs. Men-
; ;
op. 33 do. for violin, op. 42
; Elohe nu, del Fetis Riemann Allgem. d. Biogr.,
; ; ; ;
Hebrew song for violoncello with small or- ix. 44.

IS!
;
GERSBACll
GEESBACH, JOSEPH, born at Siick- GESIUS (Gese, Goss), B.ARTHOLO-
iugen, Dec. 22, 1787, died iu Cai'lsruhe, Dec. MAUS, born in IMiincheberg, near Frauk-
3, 1830. He studied at the gymnasium at fort-on-the-Oder, about 1555, died in Frank-
Villiugen in the Black Forest iu 1800-5, fort-on-the-Oder about 1G13. He lived iu
then at the university iu Freiburg. He Wittenberg, then settled in Fraukfort-on-
taught music in Switzerland iu 1808-lG, the-Oder, where he was chorister in 1595.
then in Wiirzburg, Yflerten, Rastatt, and Works Passion naeh Johannes (Witten- :
Nuremberg. In 1823 he received a j)osi- berg, 1588) ; Teutsche geistliche Lieder

tion at the seminary in Carlsruhe, where he (1594) ; Hymni 5 vocum
(1595) Melodise 5 ;
remained until his death. Works : Chorals vocum (1598) ; Psalmodia Choralis (IGOO) ;
iu four parts (182(i) ; Wanderviiglein, col- Teutsche Lieder Dr. Lutheri und auderer
lection of four-part songs (1859, 4th ed.) frommer Christen (IGOl, 1G07, 1G08, IGIG) ;
SingvOglein, 30 two-part songs for young Hymni patrum cum cautu (1G03) Synopsis ;
people (1839, 3d ed.) Singschule (1829); MusicEc practicfo (1G09, 1G15, 1G18) Christ-
; ;
Part-songs for mixed and male chorus liche Musica (1G05) Christlicho Choral- ;
(1839). Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 45 Mendel und Figuralgesilnge (IGll) Opus primum
; ;
Fetis ; SchilUng. et secundum cantionum ecclesiasticarum

GERVAIS, CHARLES HUBERT, born (1G13) Cautioues nuptiales (1G14) Motet- ; ;
in Feb. 19, 1G71, died there, Jan. ta' Latino-Germanica; (1G15)

Paris, Fasciculus ;
15, 1744. Dramatic com2)oser. MS. motets etlicher deutscher uud lateinischer Motetten
by him are iu the National Library, Paris. auf Hochzeiten und Ehrentage (IGlG) Mis- ;
Four mentioned by Fetis, sa3 5, 6 et plurium vocum (1621) Vierstim-

of his operas are ;
one of which, Hypermnestre, was partly miges Haudbiiehlein (1G21) Teutsche und ;
written by the Regent (1710).

Fetis La- lateinische Hochzeitsgesiinge (1624).
;
All-
rousse Hawkins, Hist., v. 381 Mendel.
; gem, d. Biogr., ix. 93 Fetis Eiemann
; ; ; ;
GERVAIS, PIERRE NO EL, born, of Wiuterfeld, Der evaug. Kirchengesang, i.
French parents, Mannheim, Germany, 359.

in
about 174G, died Bordeaux about 1805.
in GESTEWITZ, FRIEDRICH CHRIS-
Violinist, pupil of Iguaz Frilnzl. He plajed TOPH, born at Prieschka, near Meissen,
at the Concerts Spirituels, Paris, in 1785, and Nov. 8, 1753, died in Dresden, Aug. 1,
was first violinist at the Bordeaux theatre 1805. He studied in Leipsic, in 1770, un-
from 1791. His violin concertos were pub- der his brother-in-law, J. A. Hiller was ;
lished in Paris.
Fetis Mendel Wasielew- music director of Bondini's German theatre
; ;
ski. Die VioUne, 269. in 1784, and iu 1790 du-ector of the royal
GERVASI, LUIGI, Neapolitan composer, Italian opera in Dresden. Works Dio :
pupil at the Naples Conservatorio. Made Liebe ist sinureich, operetta iu one act,
his debut as comj)oser with I promessi Leipsic, 1781 L' orfanella americana, oper- ;
sposi, Rome, Teatro Vallc, 1834. In 1841 etta, Dresden, 1790 Church music Pi- ; ;
he was in Odessa, director of music at the anoforte music. AUgem. d. Biogr., ix. 128;
Italian opera, where he brought out II casino Meudel Fi'tis. ;
di campagna.
Fctis Mendel. ; GESUALDO, CARLO, Principe di Ve-
GESANGE DER FRUHE (Morning nosa, born about the middle of the 16th cen-
Songs), 5 pieces for the pianoforte, by Rob- tury. Amateur composer of madrigals, pu-
ert Schumann, op. 133, composed in 1853 pil of Pomponio Nenna. He was a finished
;
dedicated to the poetess Bettina. Published player on the lute and several other instru-
by F. W. Arnold (Hberfeld, 1855). ments, and entertained several composers,
'gESCHOPFE DES PROMETHEUS, singers, and instrumentalists at his court.
DIE. See Uomini di Prometeo, Gh. He was one of the first to attempt chromat-
iss
GEVAERT
ic writing. His first five books of madri- Quentin Durward, Opera Comique, ib.,
gals were printed iu separate parts (Genoa, 1858 Le diablo au moulin, ib., 1859
;
;
1585). Simone Molinara, maestro of the ca-Chateau-Trompette, ib., 1860 La poularde ;
tliedral of that city, pubHshed a complete de Caux, ib., 1861 Les deux amours, the- ;
edition of them with the title: "Partitura atre of Baden-Baden, 1861 Le aqntaine ;
delli sei libri de' madrigali a cinque voci Henriot, Opera Comique, Paris, 1864 Per- ;
dell" Illustrissimo etEccellentissimo Prin- tinax, 1884. Le depart, cantata for three
cipe di Venosa, D. Carlo Gesiialdo (Genoa, voices
'"
Jerusalem, for double chorus with-
;
1613). Futis Ambros, iv. 23G.

;
out accompaniment Chants lyriques de ;
GEVAEPvT, FPiANrOIS AUGUSTE, Saiil ; Lc Lion Flamand Jacques Van Arte- ;
born at Huysse, near Audenarde, July 31, velde, cantata (1863) Ik Speek van zoo zel- ;
1828. Dramatic eomj)oser, pupil in 1841 den Many Lieder in the collection Neder-
;
at the Ghent Conservatoire, where he stud- lansche zangstukkeu (Ghent) Flandre au ;
ied the pianoforte under Soinmere, winning Lion, overture Transcriptions classiques ;
the first ijrize in 1843, and harmony under

Mengal. He became organist of the Jesuit
church, and in 1846 a Christmas cantata by ^-^f^^î^-^r^^r^
him was performed in Ghent. In 1847 he
took the prize given by the Societc des pour petit orchestre, for the use of the Con-
Beaux-Arts for his cantata, Belgie, and the servatoire Vade-mecum des organistes, ;
grand prix at the Brussels Concours, and in and many other minor works. Clement,
the same year his jisalm, Super flumina Mus. celebres, 655 Fetis, iii. 470 do., ; ;
Babylonis, was played at the Zangverbond. Supplement, i. 375 ; Larousse ; Riemann.

After producing two operas with moderate GEYER, FLODOARD, born in Berlin,
he went in 1849 to Paris, and then
success, March 1, 1811, died there, April 30, 1872.
to Spain, where his fantaisie, Sobre motivos After studying theology he became the
espanoles, won him the Order of Isabella la pupil of A. B. Marx in composition, and in
Catolica. After a visit to Italy he returned
1842 founded the academic Miinnergesang-
to Ghent in 1852, and in the following years verein and conducted
it was also one of the ;
brought out, principally in Paris, several suc-

founders of the Berlin Tonkiinstlerverein.
cessful ojjeras, which won him popular favour
He taught theory in the Kullak-Stern Con-
in France as well as at home. In 1857 he
servatorium in 1851-54, and remained with
received the Order of Leopold for his can- Stern after Kullak's departure until 1866.
tata, De natiouale verjaerdag, for the 25th In 1856 he received the title of professor.
anniversary of the reign of Leopold. In He composed operas, sj'mphonies, songs,

1867 he became chef-de-chant at the Aca- and chamber music, and was connected
demic de Musique, Paris, a post which he with the Neue Berliner Musikzeitung and
held until the Opera was closed by the War the Spener'sche Zeitung for a quarter of a
of 1870. In 1871 he succeeded Fetis at the century.
Mendel Fetis, iii. 472 ; Supple- ;
Brussels Conservatoire. He was elected in ment, i. 376 Riemann. ;
1873 a member of the Academie des Beaux- GHEBART, GIUSEPPE, born in Pied-
Arts in the place of Mercadante. Works mont, Nov. 20, 1796, died in Milan, Jan. 22,
Operas Hugues de Somerghem, given in 1870. Violinist, pupil of Radicati he en-

:
;
Ghent, March 23, 1848 La comedie de la tered the royal chapel in Turin in 1814, and
;
ville, ib., 1848 Georgette, ou le moulin de become solo violinist in 1824.

; From 1817
Fontenoy, Theatre Lyrique, Paris, Nov. 27, he directed the concerts of the Philharmon-
1852 Le billet de Marguerite, ib., 1854
; ic Academy, iu 1832 was conductor of the
;
Les lavandieres de Santarem, ib., 1855 theatre orchestra, and iu 1846 of the royal
;
; ;
GHERARDESCIII
chapel and cliamber music. Works : Violin his native city, where he succeeded his
concertos, quartets, and quintets ; Church father as maestro di cappella at the cathe-
music. Mendel, Ergiinz., 122 ; Futis, Sup- dral. Besides a cantata, Cristoforo Colom-
plement, i. 376 ; Wasielewski, Die Violrae, bo, performed at the Academy of Pistoja,
107. he has composed a great number of masses,
GHERARDESCHI (Gheradesca), FILIP- psalms, hymns, and motets, j)artly a cap-
PO, born at Pistoja in 1738, died at Pisa pella, partly with organ or orchestra. Fe-
in 1808. Dramatic composer and organist, tis, Supplement, i. 376 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
pupil of Bosamelli, and subsequently of 122.

Padre Martini in Bologna. His first opera GHERARDI, BLASIO, Itsilian composer,
buifa was given in Lucca iu 1763 one pro- maestro di ca^jpella of the Cathedral of Ve-
;
duced at Pisa, in 1769, on the occasion of rona about the middle of the 17th century.
the visit of Leopold, Grand Duke of Tus- Works Motets for 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 voices :
cany, won him his nomination of maestro (Venice, 1650). Fetis Mendel Gerber. ; ;
di cappella to the conventual chapel of the GHERSEM, GAL'GERIC (Gery) DE,

Knights of Pisa, and the position of director born in Tournay about 1570, died there,
of the court music and teacher of the pi- May 25, 1630. At first a chorister iu the
anoforte to the ducal family. When Leo- Cathedral of Tournay, he was a jnipil of
jiold became Emperor, Gherardeschi re- Georges de la HMe, who kept him iu his
mained at the ducal court of Ferdinand choir when he became maestro de capilla
m., and later became maestro to Louis I. to Philip n. of Spain. Ghersem succeeded
de Bourbon, King of Etruria, for whose his master in this position, but returned
funeral ceremony he wrote a Requiem mass, to Brussels in 1604 to become maestro to
considered one of his best works (1803). the Governor of the Netherlands. In 1608

"Works Operas Amor aiiigiano, opei-a
: he was made canon of Sainte-Gudule and in
buffa, Lucca, 1703 II curioso indiscreto,
; 1614 of the Cathedral of Tourn.ay. His
ib., 1764 I visionari, ib., 176.5
; La Con- masses, motets, and vilhancicos, published
;
tessina, ib., 1766 L' astuzia felice, ib.,

; in Spain, were much esteemed, as he was a
1767; I due Gobbi, Pisa, 1760.Fetis fine contrapuntist. Van der Straeten, ii. 1
Mendel ; Schilling. v. 130; Fetis; Mendel, iv. 236; Ergiinz.,
GHERARDESCHI, GIUSEPPE, born in 122 Gerber Schilling. ; ;
Pistoja, Nov. 4, 17.59, died there in 1815. GHEZZI, IPPOLITO, composer of mo-
Organist, nephew of Pilipjio Gherardeschi, tets, oratorios, etc., living in last years of
pupil of his father, who was maestro di cap- the 17th and early part of the 18th centu-
pella of the cathedral at Pistoja, and of ries. He was maestro di cappella of tlie
Sala in Naples he succeeded his father.
; Cathedral of Montepulciano. His music
He wi'ote much church music, which re- was published in Florence and Bologna, in
mained in manuscript. An opera L' aj^pa- 1699-1708. As a theorist he is known by
renza inganna, was given at Mantua, 1782, "II setticlave canoro" (Bologna, 1709).
and at Florence, 1784. Fotis do.. Sup- ; Fetis; Mendel.
plement, i. 376 Mendel; do., Ergiinz., 122.
; GHINASSI, STEFANO, born in Brescia
GHERARDESCHI, LIHGI, born at Pis- in 1731, died (?). Dramatic composer, pu-
toja, July 5, 1791, died there, March 21, pil of Andrea Labella. He was accompa-
1871. Cliurch composer, son and pupil of nist at the Teatro San Samuele, Venice,
Giuseppe Gherardeschi, then at the acade- and in 1784-90 was director of the Italian
my of Florence pupil of Disma Ugolini in Ojiera, Dresden. He was later accompanist
counterpoint and compositi(5u, for which in Warsaw. Works Operas II governa-
:
he carried oflf the first prize returned to ; tore deir isole Canarie, Dresden, 1785 II ;
;
GPIIRETTI
seraglio cV Osmanno, ib., 1787 ; Lo
Concerto pour violon et or- strava- piano, op. 37 ;
gante Inglese, ib., 1790. Fetis ; Mendel

Romances pour chestre, op. 40 (Mayence) ;
Gerber; Schilling. voix avec accompagnement de piano. Fe-

GHIEETTI, GASPAKO, bom in Naples tis Biog. nat. Belg., vii. 746 Wasielewski, ; ;
in 174:7, died in Parma iu 1827. Violinist, Die Violine. 386.

piijîl at the Conservatorio dclla Pieta be- GIACCHi: jNIORIR NON POSSO, con- ;
came chamber musician to the Duke of tralto aria of Zenobia, in C minor, with ac-
Parma. Works Several books of sonatas, companiment of violins in unison, viola, and
:
and caprices for the violin 2 masses, lit- bass, in Handel's Radaminto, Act II. Pub-
;
anies, and a Stabat Mater for 3 voices. All lished, with additional accompaniments, by
in MS. Fetis Mendel. ; Robert Franz, Leij^sie, Kistner.
GHISELIN (Ghiselain, Ghiseling, Ghise- GIACOBBI, GIROLAMO, born in Bo-
linns), JEAN, Belgian composer of the 15th logna about 1575, died there, Nov. 30,
and 16th centuries. Nothing is known of 1630. Dramatic composer, one of the
his histor}', but he surmised to have been is founders of the Bolognese school. He was
a native of the province of Haiuaut. He maestro di cappella of S. Petronio, Bo-
left five masses, to be found in Petrucci's logna, and founder of the Accademia dei
Misspe Diversorum (Venice, 1500), as many Filomusi, which met at his house. His
four-part motets, in the Ith book of Motetti ojêra Andromeda, 1610, was one of the
della Corona (1505), and a five-part song in first, if not the first, given in Bologna. His
Glarean's Dodecachordon. Fetis ; Biog. masses and motets, which were in Padre
nat. Belg., iii. 730. Martini's collection of MS., now belong to
GHIZZOLO (Ghizzola), GIOVANNI, the Convent of S. Francesco, Bologna. Fe-
born second half of the 16th cen-
in Brescia, tis; Mendel Ambros, iv. 294.
;
tury, died (?). A Franciscan monk, he vpas GIACO^MELLI, GEMINIANO, born at

maestro di cappella to Cardinal Aldobran- Parma in 1686, died at Naples, Jan. 19, 1743.
dini at the Cathedral of Ravenna, and sub- Dramatic composer, pupil of Cajjelli he ;
sequently in Milan and in Venice. Works : wrote his first opera when only eighteen
2 books of madrigals (Venice, 1608-19) 4 ; years old. The Duke of Parma became his
books of motets, canzonets, etc. (1609) ;
patron, and sent him to finish his studies in
Masses and concertos (1611) Psalms (1618); ; Naples under Scarlatti. After composing
Masses, psalms, litanies (1619) ; do. (1624). operas for the principal theatres of Italy,
Fc'tis ; Mendel ; Riemann. he went to Vienna as chamber musician to
GHYS, JOSEPH, born in Ghent in 1801, Charles VI., returning in 1731 to Naples.
died iu St. Petersburg, Works Operas Ipermestra, given at Par-
Aug. 22, 1848. :
Violinist, was professor ma, Teatro Farnese, 1704 Catone iu Utica,

pupil of Lafont ; ;
of music at Amiens, and then at Nantes, for L'Arrenione, Vienna, about 1720 Epami- ;
several years. He was a most excellent nondas, Naples, 1731 Lucio Papirio, Ve- ;
performer, and from 1832 to 1835 travelled, rona, 1734 Merope, Venice, 1734 Cesare ; ;
and gave concerts with Servais the violon- in Egitto (his best work), Turin, 1735 Ar- ;
cellist, with whom he went to England, and sace, ib., 173C. Fetis Mendel Riemann ; ; ;
from 1837 to 1848 travelled through Ger- Schilling.

many and the north of Europe. Works GIAMBERTI, GIUSEPPE, born in Rome, :
L'orage, grande etude pour violon seul, second half of the 16th century, died there
op. 5 (Berlin) Sixieme air varie Mouve- in 1630. Church composer, pupil of Na-
; ;
ment perpetuel, caprice de concert, violon nini and of Agostini maestro di cappella of ;
et quatuor, op. 36 Triste pensOe, melodie

; the Cathedral of Orvieto and subsequently ;
Pensee fixe, grand agitato pour violon et assistant maestro, and iu 1629 fall maestro,
; :
GIANELLA
of S. M. Maggiore, Rome. He is best GLkNNI DI CALAIS (Jean de Calais),
known for his corrections of the Eoman opera buffa, text by Gilardoni, music by
Antiplional service published in Rome Donizetti, first represented in Naples, 1828,
twenty years after his death. Fetis ; Men- and in Paris, at the Theatre Italien, Dec.
del ; Schilling. 17, 1833. An mu-
opera of the same title,
GIANELLA, LIHGI, Italian flutist, who Giacomo Panizza, was given at Trieste,
sic by
went to Paris about 1800 ; died there in 1834 and another, music by Giovanni Pa-
;
1817. Was first flute at the Opera Boufle, cini, at Naples, 1838.
then established at the Theatre de la laie de GIANNI DI PARIGI(Jean de Paris), Ital-
la Victoire. Works : L'argent fait tout, ian opera, text by Romaui, music bj' Doni-
ballet, La Scala, Milan, 1790 ; L'ofiicier co- zetti, represented in Milan, Sept. 10, 1839.
saque, opera (with Dumonchau), given at The libretto is an adaptation of Jaan de
the Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin, 1805 ;
Paris by Saint-Just and Boieldieu (1812).
Acis et Galatee, ballet, Opera, 180C Three Romani's version had been previously set ;
concertos for flute and orchestra Quintets, to music by Morlacchi, Milan, May 30, 1818,
;
trios, duos, nocturnes, for flute and other and by Giovanni Antonio Speranza, Naples,
instruments Romances, with pianoforte. August, 183G.
;
Fetis do., Supplement, i. 377

; Mendel GLySfNINA E BERNADONE, Italian ;
Schilling. opera in two acts, music by Cimarosa, rep-

GIANETTINI (Zauettini), ANTONIO, resented in Venice, 1781, in Vienna, 1784,
born Venice in 1049, died at Modena, in Naples, 1788 and in Paris, July 18, 1801.
in
August, 1721. Dramatic composer, became GIANNINI, GIO'S'ACCHINOi born at
maestro di cappella to the court of Modena Lucca, March 20, 1817, died in Brazil in
in 1G8G. He w'as called to Hamburg to 18G1. Pianist and organist, pupil of Do-
bring out some of his 02)eras in 1C9;?. menico and Marco Santucci.
Fauucchi
Works Operas : Medea in Atene, Venice, Went to Brazil in 1843 or 1844. Works
1676 ; 1678 Irene e Costan-
Aurora, ib., ; Two cantatas for several voices and instru-
tino, ib., 1G81 Ermione, Hamburg, 1G9.5
; ;
ments Several pieces of church music, for
;
I presagi di Melissa, IModena, 1709 L'in- ; two, three, and four voices, a cappella,
gresso alia gioventti di Nerone. Oratorios : 1840-43 Music to Mauzoui's cantata, II
;
La creazione de' magistrati di Mosl' ; Amore

quinto di Maggio. Fetis, Supi)lrment, i.
alia Catena ; L' uomo in Bivio ; La morte 378 Mendel, Ergiiuz., 123.
;
di Cristo, Vienna, 1704 ; Jefte ; II martirio GL\NNINI, SALVATORE, born in Na-

di Santa Giustina ; Several cantatas ; Salmi ples, Dee. 24, 1830. Pianist, pupil of Giu-
a quattro voci con stromenti (Venice, 1717) ;
se^jpe Lillo. He wrote an opera, several
Kyrie for 5 voices and instruments. Fetis ;
elementary works, and a number of piano-
Eiemann. forte and sacred pieces. Fetis, Supi^le-
GIANNETTI, RAFFAELE, born at Spo- ment, i. 378 Mendel, Ergiinz., 123.
;
leto, April IG, 1817, died in Naples in Au- GIANOTTI, PIETRO, born in Lucca,
gust, 1872. Dramatic composer, pupil at died in Paris, June 19, 17G5. Contrabass-
the Couservatorio, Naples, in 1837-4:4 ;
ist, pupil of Rameau was engaged at the
;
studied under Lanza, Spalletti, Cimarosa the Opera, Paris, in 1739-58. He became cele-
younger, Busti, Crescentini, Ruggi, Parisi, brated as a teacher. Works 6 books of :
and Donizetti. Published vocal melodies sonatas for violin and violoncello Duos ; ;
and church music. Works : La colomba Trios Songs.

; Author of " Guide du com-
di Barcelona, opera, Naples, 1855 ; Church positeur" (Paris, 1859), an instruction book
music Songs. Fetis, Supplement,
; i. 378 ;

on Rameau's system. Fetis Burney, Hist., ;
Meudel, Ei-giinz., 123. iv. 626 Mendel Riemann.

; ;
;
GIANSETTl
GIANSETTI (Gianzetti), GIOYANNI quartets for string instruments, op. 20, 29 ;
BATTISTA, Composer of the Roman Songs, catches, etc.

Fetis Grove Men- ; ;
school, maestro di cappella of S. Giovanni indel Schilling Hart, The Violin, 233 ; ;
;
Laterauo, Rome, in l(JG7-73. He

published Burney, History, iv. 521 Wasielewski, Die ;
5G motets for 2, 3, 4, 5, and G voices. His Violine, 98 Dubourg, The Violin, 81. ;
reputation rests on a mass for 48 voices iu GIASONE (Jason), Itahan opera, text
12 clioruses, executed at S. M. sopra Mi- by Giacomo Andrea Cicognini, music by
nerva, Aug. 4, 1675. Fi'tis ; Mendel. Francesco Cavalli, represented in Venice,
GIARDINI, FELICE DE', born in Turin, 1G49. The original score in MS. is pre-
April, 171G, died in Moscow, Dec. 17, 1796. served iu the library of S. Marco, Venice.
Dramatic composer and violinist, chorister in GIBBONS, CHRISTOPHER, born in
the Milan Cathedral, pupil in Milan of Pala- 1615, died in Lou-
dini in singing, the harpsichord, and har- don, Oct. 20, 1G76.
monj', and in Turin of Somis on the violin. Organist, sou of Oi-
After jjlaying iu the opera band in Rome and lando Gibbons, pu-
iu the Teatro S. Carlo, Naples, he made a pil of Edward Gib-
tour through Germany, and played in Paris bons in the choir of
in 1748-49. In 1750 he appeared in London, Exeter Cathedral.
where he was greatly admired for the mel- He was organist of
lowness of his tone and the brilliancy of his Winchester Cathe-
execution. In 1752 he became leader at dral iu 1G40-44;
the Italian Opera and in 175G undertook its served in the Royalist army, and in 1660
management, but met with pecuniary loss. became organist of the Chapel Royal, pri-
He was manager again, however, in 17G3- vate organist to Charles II., and organist of
65. In 1774-80 he was leader at the Pan- Westminster Abbey. Mus. Doc, Oxford,
theon concerts, iu 1782-83 again at the July 7, 1GG4. Works : Anthems in MS. ;
Opera, and in 1784 went to Italy with the Hymns in Dering's "Cautica Sacra" (1G74).
intention of remaining but in 1790 he re- ; Grove ; Fotis.
turned to London and tried to establish GIBBONS, Rev. EDWARD, born about
there an Italian Opera, failing in which 1570, died after 1650. Organist, probably
he took his troupe to Russia, where he son of William Gibbons, one of the AVaits
died. Giardini was one of the greatest of Cambridge. He graduated as Mus. Bac.
violinists of his time and had no rival in at Cambridge, and on July 7, 1592, was in-
London until Cramer appeared. His best corporated at Oxford. He was organist,
works are his pieces for the violin, his operas priest-vicar, sub-chanter, and master of the
meeting with little success. He owned Co- choristers of Bristol Cathedral in 1592-
relli's violin and always used it at his con- 1611, and organist and custos of the col-
certs.
Works Operas Euea e Laviuia, : lege of priest-vicars of Exeter Cathedral in
London, 1756 Love in a Village, ib., 1757
;
;
161144. Some of his compositions are in
Rosmira, ib., 1757 Cleonice, ib., 1764
; the Music School at Oxford and an an- ;
Siroe, ib., 17G4. Oratorio, Ruth, London, them. How hath the city sate solitary, with
1752. Chamber music 4 sets of violin : prelude for the organ and accompaniment
solos, op. 1, 7, 8, 16 ; 12 solos, op. 19 ; G for viols, is in the Trelawney collection,
violin duets, op. 2 ; 6 sonatas for j)ianoforte British Museum. Grove Fetis. ;
and violin, ojd. 3 ; 12 violin concertos, op. GIBBONS, ELLIS, born at Cambridge,
4, 5, 15 ; 3 sets of trios for stringed instru- England, second half of 16th century. Or-
ments, op. 6 quintets for piano- ganist, brother of Rev. Edward Gibbons.
6, 14, 20 ;
forte and string instruments, op. 11 12 He was organist of Salisbury Cathedral at

;
u-6
; ;;
GIBBONS
the latter end of the IGth centuiy, and un- of the English school, and were reprinted
til about the year 1601. He contributed bj- the Musical Antiquarian Society in 1811.
two madrigals, Long live fair Oriana, and Works Morning and Evening
: Service, in
Round about her chariot, to " Triumphs of F Te Deum and Jubilate, in
; D minor
Oriana" (1601). Grove, i. ; Fetis. Veuite exultemus, in F ; Te Deum and
GIBBONS, ORLANDO, born at Cam- Benedictus, do. Fii'st Preces, do. Second,
; ;
bridge, Eng- in G 23 Anthems Hymns 20 Madrigals

; ; ;
land, in 1583, and Motets 9 Fantasies in 3 parts, for

;
died at Canter- viols ; 6 pieces for the virginals ; Galiards,

bury, June 5, fantasias, pavans, etc. Grove ; Fetis
Brother Athenreum (1885), ii. 644.
1625.
of the two pre- GIBELLI, LORENZO, died at Bologna
ceding, and in 1811. Church composer, one of the
the most fa- last pupils of Padre Martini maestro di ;
mous of the cappella of S. Salvatorc, and of S. Barto-

family. He lommeo, and later at the church of the
got his early Theatines. Member of the Accademia fil-
musical education probably at Cambridge, armonica, 1743, principe in 1753. His
in the choirs of some of the college chapels. works are preserved in the library of S.
He succeeded Arthur Cock as organist at Bartolommeo. Pancaldi, Vita di D. GibeUi,
the Chapel Royal, March 21, 1604. In celebre contrappuntista e cantore (Bologna,
1610 he published some three-part fantasies 1830).
for viols, the first musical jjublicatiou from GIBELLmi (GhibelUni), ELISEO, born
copper plates in England. In IGll he as- at Osimo, Marches of Ancona, Itah', about
sociated himself with Byrd and Dr. Bull in 1520. Church composer, maestro di cajv
compiling and publishing the "Pai-thenia." pella at Ancona until 1581. He published
In 1612 ho published his first set of five- in Venice Motetta super piano cantu ( 1546)
:
voice madrigals and motets. He was made Motettorum cum quinque vocibus (1548)
Bachelor and Doctor of Music at Oxford, Madrigali a tre voci (1552) Introitus mis- ;
in May, 10'^'', at the request of Camden the sarum de testis per cursum anni (Rome,
historian. In 1623 he was appointed to 15G5) ; II primo libro de' Madrigali a cinque
succeed Parsons as organist at Westmin- voci (1581). Fetis; Riemann.
ster Abbey. In 1625 he was summoned to GIBEIIT (Gisbert, Gispert), FRANCIS-
Canterbury to attend the nuptials of Charles CO JAVIER, born at Granadella, Spain,
I., for which he had composed some music, second half of 18th century, died in Madrid,
and there he caught the small-pox, of which Feb. 27, 1848. Pupil of Antonio Sala ;
he soon died. Gibbons was undoubtedly maesti'o de capilla at Tarazona in 1800-08,

the finest English oi'ganist of his time, as then of the convent in Madrid where he
well as one of the greatest composers of died. Works Motets Masses and other
: ; ;
English birth. His fame rests mainly on

church music. Fetis, Supplement, i. 370 ;
his chiu'ch music, which gained him the Baltazar Saldoni in Efemerides de musicos
nickname of " the English Palestriiia " ; esiJanoles Mendel, Ei-giinz., 123.
;
for simple, solemn grandeur, and i3urity GIBERT, PAUL CESAR, born at Ver-
of style it is hardly to be excelled. Much sailles in 1717, died in Paris in 1787. Dra-
of was printed in Barnard's Church
it matic composer. Studied music in Naples
Music, and in Boyce's Cathedral Music with the best masters, and settled in Paris to
the rest in a volume edited by Ouseley in teach music. His operas were played at the
1873. His madrigals are among the best Comedie Italienne. The best known are:
144
;
GIBSONE
La 1738 Le carnaval d'<'to, 1759
sibylle, ; He has written a great deal of church music. ;
La fortune au village, 1760 Soliman, ou Fetis, Supplement, i. 379

; Mendel, Er- ;
les trois sultanas, 17G1 Aj)elle et Cam- ganz., 123. ;
paspe, 1703. He wrote also for the Aca- GIL, FEANCISCO ASSIS, born at Cadiz,
demie royale de Musique Deucalion et Spain, in 1829, still living, 1889. Dramatic
Pyrrba, about 1770. F6tis Meudel composer, pupil in Brussels of Fetis in 1850-
;
Schilling. 53, took the first j)nze in composition, and

GIBSONE, IGNACE, born in London in after his return to Spain was appointed
182G or 1827, still hving, 1889. Pianist, professor of harmony at the Conseiwatorio,
pupil of Moscheles aj^peared at Brussels, Madrid.
; He wrote a treatise on harmony
181:5, at Baden, Homburg, Frankfort, Wies- (1850), au elementary treatise on same
baden, Darmstadt, Berlin, 1840, returned to (1856), and composed several ojjeras for the
London in 1850. Works An opera (5IS.)
: theatre at Madrid. Fetis ; do., Suj)ple-
Elfin Knight, cantata ; Wood Nymphs, do. meut, i. 380 ; Mendel.
for female voices Two symphonies Sonatas
; ; GIL Y LLAGOSTEEA, CAYETAN, born
for violin and jjianoforte Pianoforte pieces, ; in Barcelona, Spain, Jan. 6, 1807, still living,
and Songs. 1889 (?). Flutist, pupil of Andrevi, Fran-
GIDE, CASIMIR, born in Paris, July 4, cisco Berinij and Calcante. He played first
1804, died there, Feb. 18, 1868. Dramatic flute in the orchestra of the cathedral and
composer, jjupil of Dourleu at the Paris in the theatre of Barcelona twenty-two years.
Conservatoire.
Works Ojieras Les trois W'orks Symphonies Masses Eequiem ; : : ; ;
Marie, Tht'atre des Nouveautes, 1828 Le roi Dance music for orchestra Flute music, ; ;
de Sicile, given at the Opera-Comique, 1830 etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. 380 Mendel, ;
;
Les trois Catherine (with Adam), Theatre des Ergilnz., 124.

Nouveautc'S, 1830 ; Les jumeaux de la Ee- GILBERT, ALFRED, born in Salisbury,
ole, ib., 1831
L'Angelus, OjK'ra-Comique, England, in 1828, still living, 1889. Pianist,
;
1834 Beljjhegor (unpublished) Fraujoise pupil at the Eoyal Academy of Music.

; ;
de Eimiui (do.) ballets La chatte blanche Member of Philharmonic Society, and of

; :
(with Adam), Theatre des Nouveauti's, 1830 Eoyal Society of Musicians do. of Academy ; ;
La tentation (with Halevy), Ojaera, 1832 ;

of St. Cecilia, Eome, 1884. Works: The
L'ile des pirates (with Carliui), ib., 1835 ;
Eival Eoses, dramatic scene, 1883 ; Trios
Le diable boiteux, 1836 La voliere, for pianoforte and strings Quintet.
ib., ;
;
ib., 1838 La tarentule, ib., 1839 Ozai, ib.,

; GILBEET, ALPHONSE, born in Paris, ;
1847.
Futis do., Suijpk'ment, i. 379
; Feb. 2, 1805, still living, 1889 (?). Violon- ;
Mendel ; do., Erganz., 123. cellist and organist, pupil at the Paris Con-
GIGAULT, NICOLAS, born at Claye servatoire from 1822 won the 2d grand
;
(Brie), France, about 1645, died (?) He was prix in 1827, for the cantata Orphee. He
one of the best French organists of the was a member of the Odeon orchestra, and
17th century, pupil of Titelouze published ; organist at Notre Dame de Lorette won ;
organ music in 1685. Fetis Mendel. ; first government prize for historic and sa-
GIGOUT, EUGi:NE, born at Nancy, cred songs, 1847. Has published masses,
March 23, 1844, still living, 1889. Organ- motets, cantatas, and organ music. Fetis ;
ist, pupil of Bazile Maurice and Mess, organ- Mendel.

ists of the cathedral of Nancy, and in Paris GILBEET, THOMAS BENNETT, born
of Dietsch, Saint-Saens, and Loret. He was 22, 1833 (March 15, in Salisbury, Oct.
professor of plain-chant London, May 11, 1885.
and of solfege in 1835?), died in
Niedermeyer's school of sacred music, Paris, Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil at
and oi-gauist of Saiut-Augustin from 1863. the Eoyal Academy of Music, 1847, and at
145
; ;
;
:
GILBERT
the Conservatorium, Leipsic, of Moscheles, aided in preparing the historical part of
Hauptmann, Eicliter, Rietz, etc., 1852. Or- Hopkins and Rimbault's " History of the
ganist of different Organ." Works : Songs : Once 'twas my
churches, 1853-67, af- Hope, Never more, 1849 ; Madrigal, I had
terward singing teach- both money and a friend, 1854. Piano-
er in London. He forte Fantasias, 1856 Cecilia's Medita-
: ;
used sometimes the tion, 1856. Organ 10 : 3 Pieces, 1856 ;
names Ernest Bennett Preludes and Fugues, 1876. Oratorios

Gilbert and Charles Saint John, 1857 Restoration of Israel,
;
1859 19 services for Trinity Chapel, New

Bennett as pseudo- ;
nyms. Works Das

York, composed between 1870-87
: and ;
Stelldichein, operetta, about 25 anthems for the same church, com-

Leipsic, 1851 A posed between 1870-88. He has prepared
;
Night in Fairj-land, do., Surrey theatre, 18G1 also the following collections of church mu-
Eamiro, dramatic cantata, 1879 Concert sic Parish Church Manual, 1854
; The : ;
overture, 1853 Overture to Merry Wives Canticles, 185G Church Chorister, 1872
; ;
of Windsor, 1854 String quartets Trio Hvmnal, 1872.

; ;
for pianoforte, violin and violoncello ; Part- GILCHRIST, ÂTLLIAM WALLACE,

songs, and songs ; Pianoforte music. born of American par-
GILBERT, WALTER BOND, born of entage in Jersey City,
English parentage in Exeter, England, April New Jersey, Jan. 8,
29, 1829, still living, 1889. Organist ar- ; 1846, still li'ving, 1889.
ticled pupil of Alfred Angel, organist of Ex- Organist, jûpil at the
eter cathedral, under whom he studied the University of Pennsyl-
organ, the pianoforte, composition, and vania of H. A. Clai'ke
choir-training then pupil of Dr.
; S. S. Wesley, was for a time solo
organist of Winchester cathedral, in organ baritone of Holy
playing and composition, and afterward of Trinity Church, and
Sir Henry Bishop in instrumentation. He of St. Mark's Church,
was organist 184719 at Topsham
in ;
Philadelphia. In 1872 he went to Cincin-
1849-53 at Bideford 1853-58 at Tmi-
; nati and became choir-master of the First
bridge 1858-G5 at Maidstone 1865-G7, of
; ; New Jerusalem Society of that city, and in-
St. INIargaret's Church, Loudon and 18G7- ; structor in the Cincinnati Conservatory
69 in Boston, Lincolnshire. In 1869 he in 1873 he returned to Philadelphia and
went to America and became organist of was for four years choir-master of St.
Trinitj' Chapel, New York, a position he Clement's Church. Since 1877 he has been
still holds. lu 1854 organist and choir-master of Christ Church,
the degree of Mus. Germantown, Penn., and since 1882 in-
B a c was conferred . structor in the Philadeljjhia INIusical Acad-
upon him by the Uni- emy. He is conductor of the following
versity ofOxford, in musical associations: Philadelphia Festival
1886 that of Mus. Doc. Chorus, Amphion Society, The Arcadian,
by the University of Mendelssohn Club, Germantown Choral,
Toronto, and in 1888 West Philadelphia Choral. Works: 46th
Mus. Doc. by Oxford. Psalm, for soli, chorus, orchestra, and organ
He has been also a (Cincinnati Festival prize, 1882) Song of ;
fellow of the London College of Organists Thanksgiving, for chorus and orchestra ;
since its foundation in 1864. Mi-. Gilbert The Rose, cantata, New York, Feb'. 8,
146
;;
GILDEMYN
1887 ; 3 m.ale choruses Ode to the Sun to direct
;
;
the maitrise of Saint-l^tienne,
Autumn ; Dreaming (New York Mendels- Toulouse. A famous Messe des Morts by
sohn Glee Club prize, 1880) ; also many him, preserved in the National Library,
pieces of churcli music, songs, etc., and Paris, was plaj'ed at Rameau's funeral cere-
unpublished music, both vocal and instru- monies. Fetis ; Mendel, iv. 246 Ergilnz, ;
mental. 124 Gerber. ;
GILDEmN, CHARLES FERDINAND, GILLIERS, JEAN CLAUDE, born in

born in Bruges, Aug. IS, 1791, died there, Paris in 1667, died there in 1757. Dra-
March 22, 185i. Organist, pupil of Govaert matic composer, first vdolin at the Comedie
and Thienpont, chorister of Notre Dame de Franyaise, one of the first writers of music
Bruges, and organist of that church from for vaudevilles, divertissements, etc., at the
1807. He was awarded a silver medal by Comedie Italienne and the Comedie Fran-
the Soeictc Royale des Beaux-Arts in 181G, <;aise. Works L'hymenee royal, 1699 :
;
for his cantata, Waterloo. His opei-a-co- Cephale et Procris, 1711 La foire de Gui- ;
mique, Edmond et Henriette, was repre- bray, Le tombeau de Nostradamus, 1714 ;
sented at Bruges, Sept. 15, 1819. He com- Parody on Telemaque, La ceinture de Ve-
fiosed church music also.
Fctis, Supple- nus, 1715 Les dieux a la foire, 1724
;
ment, i. 381 Mendel, Ergilnz., 121.

; L'amante retrouvee, 1727 Sancho Pan<;a, ;
GHiES, NATHANIEL, born in Worces- gouverneur, ou la bagatelle, Le bouquet

tershire, England, about the middle of the du roi, 1730 La niece vengee, ou la dou-;
16th century, died at Windsor, Jan. 24, ble surprise, 1731 La fille sauvage, Le ;
1633. Organist, chorister of Magdalen Col- pot-pourri comique, Sojihie et Sigismoud,

lege, Oxford, in 1559-61, and clerk of the 1732 La premiere representation, Lucas
;
same in 1577. In 1595 he was clerk, or- et Perrette, 1734, etc. Fetis, Supplement,
ganist, and master of the choristers in St. i. 381 Poisot, Hist, de la Mus. en France.
;
George's chapel, Wiudsoi', and in 1597 GIMENEZ HUGALDE, CIRIAQUE,

gentleman and master of the children of born in Pampeluna, Spain, Feb. 5, 1828,
the Chapel Royal. Mus. Bac, Oxford, still living, 1889. Church composei', pupil
1585, Mus. Doc, 1622. He contributed to at the Madrid Conservatorio of Eslava. He
Leighton's " Teares or Lamentacions of a was maestro de ca23illa of the primatial
Sorrowfull Soule " (1614) A service and church of Toledo in 1865. Works: Motets
;
anthem by him were printed in Barnard's Masses Psalms, etc. A Miserere by him ;
Church Music (1641), and other anthems is celebrated. Fetis, Supplement, 382 i.
;
are in MS. Hawkins prints a curious Mendel, Ergiinz., 124.

" Lesson of Descant of thirtie eighte Pro- GIMENO, JOAQUIN, born at Santo Do-
portions of sundrie kindes," in the Apjjen- mingo de Nov. 21, 1817, died at
la Calzada,
dix to his History of Music. Grove ; Fetis. Nivelles, Brabant, Nov. 29, 1849. Church
GILLE ET GILLOTIN, opera-comique composer, member in 1834 of the Society of
inone act, in verse, text by Thomas Sauvage, Jesus, Madrid. On the suppression of the
music by Ambroise Thomas, represented at religious orders in Spain he went to Bel-
the Opera Comique, April 22, 1874. It was gium, and taught in the College of Saint-
written in 1861. Clement, Diet. Lyr., Sup- Michel, Brussels. His church compositions
plement, iii. have an orchestral as well as an organ ac-
GILLES, JEAN, born at Tarascou in companiment. Fetis Mendel. ;
1669, died in 1705. Maitre de chapelle at GINESTET, (FRANCOIS REGIS) PROS-

Aix, Provence, and subsequently at Agde. PER, Vicomte DE, born at Aix, Provence,
Celebrated in the south of France for his about 1796, died in 1860. Dramatic com-
church compositions, he was called in 1697 poser, served in the Gardes du Corps under
:
GINOU^fiS
Louis XVnL Works Operas : L'orplic- went to Lisbon to conduct Italian opera, and
lin et le brigadier, given in Paris, 1827 ;
iu 1791 was called to Fermo, as maestro di
Franyois lier ii Chambortl, ib., 1830 ; Le cappella of the cathedral. Works Operas
mort fiancL', ib., 1833. Pianoforte and violin L' astuto in imbroglio, given at Pisa, 1771 ;
music. Fotis, iv. G ; do.. Supplement, i. Artaserse, pasticcio, London, 1772 Anti- ;
382 ; Larousse ; Mendel. gone, ib., 1773 II bacio, opera bufi'a, ib.,
;
GINOUVfiS, FERDINAND, born at Cay- 1774-79 II ritoruo d' Ulisse, Mantua, 1782 ;
;
enne in 18-44, died at Marseilles, August, Aeomato, Pisa, 1783 Erifile, Bergamo, ;
1888. Pianist, pupil from 185G at the Mar- 1783 Epponinia, Novara, 1783
;
Elpinice, ;
seilles Conservatoire, wliere Le won the Bologna, 1784 Tito Maulio, Genoa, 1784 ;
;
pianoforte prize became professor of the

; Pizzarroneir Indie, Florence, 1784 Osmaue, ;
pianoforte in 1867. Wrote operas-comiques. Bergamo, 1785 La Vestale, Modena, 1786

; ;
Works : Wilfride, grand opera in five acts, Ifigenia in Aulide, L' imisegno, ossia chi la
given at Mai-seilles, 1809 Le violou de fa' r asjietta, Ferdiuaudo nel Messico, Rome,
;
Stradivarius, opera-comique, ib., 1877. 1780 I ripieghi fortunati, intermezzo, Al-

;
Songs, etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. 382. ciade e Telesia, Rome, 1787 ; Cajo Ostilio,
GIOCONDA, LA, opera in four acts, text Faenza, 1788 ; Ariai-ate, Turin, 1788 ; La
by Arrigo Boito, music by Amilcare Pon- distruzioue di Gerusalemmo, II corrivo,
cbielli, first represented at La Scala, Milan, Naples, 1788 ; La disfatta di Dario, Milan,
April 8, 1876. The libretto is ; Cajo Mario, Venice, 1790 Medonte,
an adapta- 1788 ;
tion of Victor Hugo's drama, " ^\jigelo.'" re d' Ejiiro, Rome, 1791 Don IMitrillo cou- ;
This oj)cra, one of the best of the modern trastato, Venice, 1791 Atalanta, Turin, ;
Italian school, had a success iu Italy ex- 1792 Demetrio. La morte d' Abele, ora- ;
ceeded bj' Aida oulj-. It had tlie same en- torio, performed at lesi, 1785 Le tre ore ;
thusiastic recejjtion at the Teatro Carlo (MS.

d' agonia di N. S. Giesfi Cristo, do.
Felice, Genoa, and the Pagliano, Florence, in the royal library, Berlin). Instrumental
as at Milan. music quintets for jnanoforte 3 quar- : ;
GIOEDANI, Padre DOMENICO AN- tets for do. 30 trios 6 string quartets 3 ; ; ;
TONIO, church composer, maestro di cap- concertos for violin and orchestra besides ;
pella of the Cathedrals of Narni and Ilieti, chuixh music and vocal music, including lit-
and of the church of the SS. Aj)ostoli in anies, 23salms, 5 books of canzonette for one
Home became a monk in the convent of voice. Fetis Mendel Riemann Schil-
; ; ; ;
Eocca Sinibalda. His ofifertories were pub- ling.

lished in Rome in 1724. Fetis Mendel.
GIORD.AXI, TOTÎMASO, born in Naples
;
GIORDANI, GIUSEPPE (caUed II Gior- in 1744, died in Dublin after 1816. Singer,
danello), born in Naples in 1744 (1753 ?), comf)osei', and teacher, brother of Giusej)pe
died at Fermo, Jan. 4, 1798. Dramatic com- Giordani, with whom he is often confounded ;
poser, violinist, and pianist, jiupil at theCon- he was one of a family of opera buffa sing-
servatorio of Loreto, where he was a fellow- ers in Naples, consisting of a father, two
student of Cimarosa and Zingarelli. Joined sons, and three sisters, who went to Eng-
his family, 1772, in Loudon, whither they land in 1762 and played at the Haymarket.
bad gone in 1762, and became composer for He went to Dublin in 1779, associated with
the troupe they formed. Was also much in Leoui to establish an opera, but, failing, set-
vogue as a teacher, and published a great deal tled there as teacher. Works Perseve- :
of violin music, lessons for the hari^sichord, rance, or the third time is the best, opera,
etc., between 1776 and 1782. Returned to given at Dublin, 1789 Isaac, oratorio 5 ; ;
Italy and remained there ten j'ears, produc- books of duos for flute (London, 1775-
ing in that time 24 ojjeras, and oratorios ; 1783) ; 6 trios for flutes, and violoncello ;
148
GIOKGETTI
do. for flutes aud bass
G duos for violon- Prince until 1783, when he started on a
;
cellos, Songs, Italian and English, concert tour, crowned with brilliant success,
op. 5 ;

and jfianoforte music. Grove Fetis Men- to St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Vienna (178G),
; ;
del. and other capitals. In London he was with-

GIORGETTI, FERDINANDO, born in out a rival until 1792, when Viotti appeared
Florence, June 25, 179G, died there, March there, and he could have held his own
23, 18G7. Violinist, pujnl of Francesco against this master, but for his irregular
Giuliani. At tlie age of fifteen he was vio- life and arrogant behaviour which made him
linist in the band of the Queen of Etruria. unbearable there, as before in Paris and
Illness in1814 making him an invalid, he Berlin. In 179G he went to Hamburg,
took up composition and teaching, studying whence he visited Berlin again in 179G aud
harmony under Disma Ugolini. In 1839 1802, winning undiminished applause in ;
he became ijrofessor of the violin at the 1802 he went to St. Petersburg, and was
Lyceo, Florence, where he formed many ex- the lion of the day until Kode's arrival.
cellent ijuiîls, among whom were Giuseppe Struck by apoplexy, he died suddenly while
Giovacchini, Corazzi, Ferroni, and Bruni. playing at billiards. His compositions, much
Works : Le turbe nel deserto, oratorio ;
in favour in their time, consist of IG con-
Violin music ; Church nnisic. Fotis, iv. 9 ;
certos, 7 symphonies, 6 string quartets, IG
do., Supijlemeut, i. 383 ; Mendel, iv. 2-18 ;
duos for violins, sonatas for violin and bass,
do., Erganz., 124 ; Schilling.
aud variations. Fetis, iv. 429 Mendel ; ;
GIOEGI, GIOVANNI, born about the Schilling.

(tnd of the 17th century, died in January, GIORZA, PAOLO, born in Milan in 1832,
1725. Maestro di cappella of the Chapel of still living, 1889. The son of an organist
S. Giovanni in Laterano, Rome, in 1719. and singer, who gave him his first musical
Works Church music, preserved in MS. in instruction, he is a composer of the higher
:
S. Giovanni in Laterano and in S. M. Mag- class of ballet music peculiar to Italy. He

giore. Fetis, iv. 10 Mendel, iv. 248. has written more than forty ballets, some of
;
GIOEGIS, GIUSEPPE, born in Turin in which have had a successful run in many of
1777, died(?). Violinist, pupil of Colla. the larger cities of Europe. His one opera,
He appeared in Paris as a virtuoso in 1807, Corrado, console di Milauo, Milan, 18G0,
entered the royal chapel in Cassel, made was not successful. He is the author also
concert tours in 1813, and .settled in 1820 of much dance music, published in the form
in Paris, where, in 1823-34, he was first of albums. During the war of 18GG he wrote
violin at the Opera Comique. He composed a martial hymn for Garibaldi at the hit-
trios, duets, and other pieces for the violin. ter's request. Principal ballets Un fallo, :
Mendel Fetis Wasielewski, Die Vio- Milan, 1853 I Bianchi ed i Negri, ib., 1853
; ; ;
;
line, 131. Un' avventura di Carnevale a Parigi, Genoa,

GIORNO D' ORRORE. See Semira- 1863 Farfalletta, London, 18G3 La mas- ; ;
m idc. chera, Paris, 18G4 Fiammella, Milan, 18GG ;

;
GIORNOVICHI (Jarnovich), GIOVANNI La Caiânna dello zio Tom, Florence Fol- ;
MANE, bom at Palermo, Sicily, in 1745, gore La Silfide a Pechino (with Madoglio ;
died in St. Petersburg, Nov. 21, 1804. and Sarti) Un ballo nuovo Cherubina, o ; ;
Violin virtuoso, pupil of Lolli,made his first la rosa di Posilippo Pedrilla etc. Fetis, ; ;
concert tour to Paris in 1770, and won great Supplement, i. 383 Mendel, Erganz. 124. ; ,
success in the Concerts Spirituels by his GIOSA, NICOLA DA, born at Ban, May
elegant style of playing as well as with his 5, 1820, died there, July 7, 1885. Dramatic
own compositions. Called to Berlin in 1779, composer, pupil at the Naples Consei-va-
he belonged to the orchestra of the Crown torio, under Pasquale Bongiorno for flute.
GIOVANELLT
Ruggi for counterpoint, Zingarelli and Don- books, five- and eight-part motets and three-
izetti for composition. He was maestro part canzonets (1592) ; Villanelle a 3 voci
di capisella at diflereut times at the San (1593) Villanelle a 5 voci (1G08) Masses,
; ;
Carlo, Naples, the Fenice, Venice, and at motets, psalms in MS. in the Vatican, among
the Italian theatres at Buenos Ayres and at them a Miserere and eight voices
for four
Cairo. His iivst opera, produced in 1842, and a mass for on Palestrina's madri-
eight,
was fa vourabl}- received, and his Don Checco, gal Vestiva i colli. Other madrigals are in
his best work, represented in 1850, had a the collections of Scotto and Phalcsius and ;
greater success than any opera Luffa had motets and psalms in those of Fabio Con-
enjoyed for nearly a quarter of a century, stantini and Proske. Fotis
Grove La- ; ;
and still holds its place in the theatres of rousse.

Italy,but none m.any other works
of his GIOVANI LIETI. See Nozze di Figaro.
met the popular His albums of vocal
taste. GIOVANNA D' ARCO (Joan of Arc), Ital-
music, containing romances, melodies, can- ian opera in three acts, text by Solera, mu-
zoui, etc., more than twenty of which were sic by Verdi, first represented at La Scala,
publi-shed in Naples, had a groat success. Milan, Feb. 15, 1845. It was given in Paris,
Among them are the following La cetra at the Italiens, Jlarch 28, 1868, with Patti,
:
capricciosa, melodies Stornelli d' amore, Nicoliui, and Steller in the cast, but with-
.'5
;
G ; Gioja e dolore, G ; Le canzoni d" Italia, i out success. The score contains nuuibors
;
Serenata di Mergcllina, G Eco dell' oceano, of great merit, but the libretto is weak and
;
3 ; Besides these ho published masses, ridiculous. Hanslick, 222.

etc.
cantatas, and instrumental pieces. Fetis,
GIOVENTU DI ENRICO QUINTO, LA
iv. 11 do., Supph'mcnt, i. 38.5
; Mendel, (The Youth of Henry the Fifth), Italian
;
Ergiinz., 125 ; Ricmann. ojiera buffa in two acts, text by Landri-
GIOVANELLI, RUGGIERO, born at ani tho composer, music by Herold, repre-

Velletri, near sented at tho Teatro del Fondo, Naples,
Rome, about 1815. The libretto is an adajitation from
15G0, died after Duval's comedy, " La jcune.sse de Henri V."
1G15. One of The opera, written in the third year of Ho-
the best compos- rold's residence in Italy as a pensioner of the
ers of the Rom.an Acadcmie do France, was a succes.s. The li-
school, but little bretto was printed (Naples, 1815) anonj--
is known of his mously, but tho music remains in MS.
life. Ho was Operas of the same title are by J. Mosea,
maestro di cap- Palermo, 1817 Carlini, Naples and Milan,
;
pella of S. Luigi 1820 Pacini, Rome, 1821 Morlacchi, Dres-

; ;
de' Francesi, Rome, in 1587, and later of den, 1823; Garcia, New York, 1827; and
the Chiesa dell' Anima of the German Col- Mercadante, Milan, 1834. Grove, i. 731.
lege, and was appointed 1594 successor GIPPENBUSCH, JACOB,, born in Speyer
in
to Palestrina at St. Peter's. In 159!) he bein 1G12, died July 3, 1GG4. Entered the
came a member of the Sistino choir. He Order of Jesuits in 1629, taught the classics
was living in 1G15, in which ye.ar he pub- in Cologne, and at the same time acted as
lished the second volume of his new edition choir-master. Published hymns and mo-
of the Graduale, undertaken at the request tets. Mendel Ft'tis Gerber. ; ;
of Paul v., and magnificently printed at GIPSY'S WARNING, THE, English ro-
the Medici press. Works 3 books of five- mantic opera, text by Linley, music by Ju-
:
part madrigals (158G, 1587, 1589) 2 books, lius Benedict, first represented at tlie Ly-
;
four-part madrigali sdruccioli (1587) 2 ceum Theatre, London, 1838. This work.
;
150
GIEALDA
Benedict's first English opera, was given 1837-4G at the Opera Comique. In 184G
afterwards in Berlin and other (Tcrman cities. he succeeded Hnbeneck at the Opera, and in
GIBALDA, ou la nouvelle Psjche, opcra- 1856 became director in chief there. He

comique in three acts, test by Scribe, mu- also became in 1847 Habeneck's successor
sic by Adolphe Adam, first represented at as professor of the violin in the Conserva-
the Opera Comique, Paris, July 20, 1850. toire,and chef d'orchestre of the Socicte
A king of Spain, accompanied by his queen des Concerts. Legion of Honour, 1843.
on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, "Works Operas
Les deux voleurs. Opera
:
stops at the farm of Gines, the betrothed Comique, Paris, 1841 Le conseil des dix,;
of Giralda. She is secretly in love with a ib., 1842. He

arranged Beethoven's Sonate
cavalier whom she has met, but whose face pathetique as a symphony, and gave it at a
she has never seen, he being obliged to con- concert in Paris presided over by Liszt in
ceal himself on account of some political in- 1832.Fc'tis ; Larousse.
trigue. He (Don Manoi'l) gives farmer Giuus GIRAUD, FRANgOIS JOSEPH, French
six hundred ducats to let him take his jjlace composer of the 18th century. Violoncel-
at the altar on his wedding-day, and so be- list, member of the orchestra at the Opera,
comes the husband of Giralda. Ou the arri- Paris, in 1752-67 musician of the royal
val of theking he is obliged to take to flight, chapel and of the King's chamber music.
and during his absence jjoor Giralda believes Several of his motets were played at the
herself in turn wedded to Gines and then Concerts Spirituels. He wrote Deucalion
to an old seigneur named Don Jaj^het but et Pyrrha (with Berton pere), 1755 and
; ;
at last thequeeu secures the pardon of Don L'opera de sociOte, 1762. He published a
MauoOl, and he returns to claini his bride. book of sonatas for the violoncello. Fetis,
This work, the best of the composer's from iv. 14 do., Supplement, i. 385
; Mendel. ;
a musical point of view, was well interpreted GIRBERT, CHRISTOPH HEINRICH,

by Miles Miolau and Meyer, and by Messrs. born at Frijhnstockheim, near Crailsheim,
Bussine, Audrau, Sainte-Foy, and Ricquier. Wiirtemberg, July 8, 1751, died in Baireuth
It met with great success throughout France about 1826. Pupil of his stejj-father in
and in Germany, and was revived in Paris singing, pianoforte, and organ, then of Can-
in 18G2 and 187G.
Pougin, Adolphe Adam, tor Stadler, and settled in Baireuth as a
204 Larousse, viii. 12G7.
;
teacher in 1769. Became music director
GIKANEK, ANTON, born in Bohemia of Schmidt's travelling company in 1784,
about 1712, died at Dresden, Jan. bringing out seven of his operettas, and re-
16, 1761.
Violinist, lived for some years in Prague, turned to teaching in Baireuth. Works :
then went to Warsaw, where he became Two symphonies for 8 and 10 instruments ;
first violinist in the royal orchestra, after- Four concertos for pianoforte ; Eleven for
wards director of music in Dresden. He do. ; Five quartets for violins. Mendel ;
composed 24: concertos for the violin, and Fetis.

several concertos for pianoforte, flute, and GIR0FLT5-GIR0FLA, opera-bouffe in
viola di gamba. Fetis ; Meudek three acts, text by Vanloo and Leterrier,
GIRAED, NARCISSE, born at Mantes, music by Charles Lecocq, first represented
France, Jan. 27, 1797, died in Paris, Jan. at the Theatre des Fantaisies Parisiennes,
16, 1860. Dramatic composer, pupil at the Brussels, March 21, 1874. The plot turns
Paris Conservatoire, from 1817, of Baillot on the confounding of Girofle and Girofla,
for violin ; won Don Bolero d'Alcara-
the 2d prize in 1819 and the two daughters of
the 1st in 1820. He studied counterpoint zas, one ofpromised in marriage whom is
under Reicha. In 1830-82 he was conductor to the banker Marasquin, and the other to
of the orchestra at the Opera Italien, and in the Moorish warrior Mourzouk. It was
;
GIEOUST
given in Paris, at the Theatre cle la Eenais- drei Schulmeister, do., ib., 1834 ; Sympho-
sance, Nov. 11, 187-1. nies, overtures, psalms, and songs. Fetis ;
GIllOUST, FRANgOIS, bom iu Paris, Mendel.

April 9, 1730, died in Versailles, Aug. 28, GISELLE, ou les Willis, fantastic ballet
1799. When maitre de musique iu the in two acts, text by ThL'Oj)hile Gautier and
metropolitan church in Orleans, his psalm, Saint-Georges, music by Adolphe Adam,
Sujjer flumina Babylonis, won the 1st prize first represented at the Opera, Paris, June
in 1768 at a government concours, he being 28, 1841. Subject derived from a Slav
awarded also the 2d prize. In consequence legend related by Heinrich Heine in " De
be was called to Paris to become maitre de I'Allemagne " (ii. 60), concerning a noc-
chajjelle of the Church des Innocents, and turnal dance called in the Slav countries
he subsequently held a similar position iu the Willi. Willis are betrothed girls, who,
the royal chapel, and in 1775 became super- having died before their wedding-day, can-
intendent of the king's music. His orato- not lie quiet in their graves, but come out at
rios were jjlayed at the Concerts Spirituels, midnight in their weddmg-garments and,
among them, Le passage de la Mer Rouge. crowned with roses, dance in the moon-
His motets were composed for the royal light like elves. Ifthey meet any young
chajiel. His music is jsreserved in the man, they foi'ce him to dance with them
national library, Paris. Fetis Larousse
;
;
untU he falls dead. Pougin, Adolphe
Mendel. Adam, 156 ; Larousse, viii. 1280.
GIRSCHNER, CHRISTIAN FRIED- GIUDITTA (Judith), oratorio, by An-
RICH JOHANN (or Karl, according to tonio Lotti, written for Venice.
Mendel), born at Spaudau in 1794, died at GIUDITTA, oratorio, text and music by
Libourne (Gironde) in June, 1860. Dra- Benedetto Marcello, 1710.
matic and church composer, studied music GKILI.\NI, FRANCESCO, born in Flor-
at Frankfort-ou-the-Oder, and 1820 went ence in 17G0, died after 1819. Violinist
in
to Berlin, where he held a position as or- and jiianist, jiupil of Nardini on the violin,
ganist for two years. Logier arriving then and of Bartolommeo Felici in counterpoint
in Berlin, to establish a school for his new when quite young he became first violin at
method of musical instniction, Girschner the Teatro Nuovo in Florence. His violin
allied himself with him, and in 1822 became music was j^rinted in Berlin, Amsterdam,
director of the Logier Academj-, which and London he composed also vocal mu-
;
flourished, however, for scarcely ten years. sic.- Fetis Mendel. ;
In 1833 he was editor of the Berliner mu- GIULIANI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO,

sikalische Zeitung, and, having occupied born in Lucca about 1670, died in 1730.
various positions at Potsdam, Dantzic, Jena, He was maestro di cappella of the Church
and Aix-la-Chapelle, he finally obtained an of San Michele in Foro of his native place.
appointment as organist of the Lutheran His masses, motets, and psalms are still
chapel at Brussels in 1840, and was made presei-ved there, and are occasionally per-
professor of the organ at the Conservatoire formed.
Mendel, Ergiinz., 125 Fetis, Sup- ;
in the year following. His intemperate plement, i. 387.

habits unfortunately led to his resignation GIULIANI, MAUEO, born iu Bologna
from both positions in 1848, after which he about 1780, died (?). Famous guitarist and
lived for a few months at Ghent for sev-
; composer. He settled in Vienna in 1807,
eral j'ears nothing was heard of him, until was in Rome iu 1821, then in St. Peters-
1851, when he appeared as chef d'orchestre burg for several years. He wrote much
of a theatre at Rochefort, France. "Works : music for guitar and orchestra, two guitars,
Undine, ojsera, given in Berlin, 1830 Die ;
etc. Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; ;
152
GIDLIO
GIULIO CESARE, Italian opera in three
both to punishment, Ej^ponina demanding
acts, text by Nicolo Fraucesco Hajm, music
be permitted to die with her husband.
to
by Hamlel, first represented at the King's In the opera the denouement is changed:
Tlieatre, London, Feb. 20, 1724. The orig- the two prepare to die together when Ti-
tus, moved to pity by Epponina's devotion,
/C'^ j,"*"#!*A pardons Sabinus. The characters are Giu- :
lio Sabino, Arminio, Annio, Tito, Voadice,
Epponina. Although a work of the second

order, Giulio Sabino shows that Sarti was
possessed of considerable dramatic ability.
His work was given in other Italian cities
and in Loudon in 1785. The same
in 1782,
text hasbeen set also by Cherubiui, Lon-
don, 178G ;and by Tarchi, Turin, 1791.
Larousse, xiv. 11 ; Burney, iv. 530.
GIURAMENTO, IL (The Oath), lyrical
drama in four acts, text by Rossi, music
by Mercadante, first represented at La
inal MS. score, in the Buckingham Palace Scala, Milan, Dec. 26, 1837, and in Paris,
collection, is dated 1723. Characters rep- at the Theatre Italien, Nov. 22, 1858. The
resented : Giulio Cesare, Curio, Cornelia, libretto is an adaptation of Victor Hugo's
Sesto Pompeo, Cleopatra, Tolomeo, Achilla,
Nireno. Senesiuo (Francesco Beruardi,
called) created a profound impression in
this work by his magnificent delivery of the
accompanied recitative, "Alma del gran
Pomjjeo." Giulio Cesare often reappeared
on the stage, the last time in 1787, when
George HI. attended the theatre. Published
firstby Cluer full score, Hiindelgesell
;
schaft (Leipsic, 1875 . llockstro,Handel,

139 Eeissmanu, 92
; Schalcher, 70, 90 ;
Chrysander, ii. 106.

GIULIO SABINO, Italian opera in three
acts, text by music by Giu-
lletastasio,
seppe )Sarti, represented at the Teatro San
Benedetto, Venice, 1781. Subject founded
on the story of Julius Sabinus, a noble
Gaul who, in the time of Vespasian, joined
Civilis in the revolt against the Roman
yoke. Defeated and forced to fly for his Marietta Brambilla,
life, he pretended to burn himself in his
country house, but escaped in the disguise of drama, "Augelo, tyrau de Padoue," but the
a jDeasant and hid himself in a cave in the scene is changed to Syracuse, and other
depths of a forest, where he lived, attended concessions are made to the Italian taste.
by two servants and by his faithful wife It is one of the best of Mercadante's
Epponina, nine years. Betrayed at last, he scores. It was sung at Milan by Carta-
was delivered up to Vespasian, who sent genova, Pedrazzi, and Mmes Schoberlech-
, ;
GIUSTINO
ner and Marietta Brambilla iu Paris by GLASER, FRANZ, born at Ober-Geor-
;
Francesco ami Lodovico Graziani, and genthal, Bohemia, April 19, 1798, died iu
Mines Penco and Alboni. Copenhagen, Aug. 30 (or 29?), 1861. Dra-
GIUSTINO (Justin), Italian opera in' matic composer, piqîl iu singing, while a
three acts, text by Count Beregoni, music choir-boy iu the court chapel at Dresden,
by Handel, first represented at Covent Gar- of Mieksch at the Prague Conservatorium ;
den Theatre, London, Feb. 16, 1737. The of Pixis on the violin and in Vienna of ;
MS., iu Buckingham Palace, is dated at the Heydeureich in couuterijoiut. He became

beginning August 1-4, 1736, and at the Kapellmeister of the Josephstiidter Theater, i
end Oct. 20, 1736. The text was proba- Vienna, in 1817 of the KOuigstiidtisches ;
bly written for Venice, 1683. Characters Theater, Berlin, iu 1830 and was appointed ;
represented Anastasio, Ariauna, Leocasta, royal Kapellmeister in Copenhagen iu 1842.

:
Amanzio, Giustino, Vitaliauo, Polidarte, La Works Oj)eras: Der Brief an sich selbst,
Fortuna, Voce di dentro. It had only five Sauertopfchen, oder der Ritter mit der
representations. Giustino, whose part was goldenen Gans, given iu Vienna, 1824
sung by Gizziello, engages and slays a sea- Sonderbare Lauue, ib., 1825 Heliodor, ;
monster to the music of a descriptive sym- ib., 1826 Elsbeth, oder die Brautschau auf ;
phony, which was jjarodied by Carey in the Kronstein, Armida, die Zauberiu im Orient,
Dragon of Wantley. Originally published ib., 1828 Die vier Haimons-Kinder, ib., ;
by "Walsh full score, Hiludelgosellschaft 1830

; Des Adlers Horst, Berlin, 1833 ;
(Leiijsic, 1883).
Schcelcher, Handel, 185 Aurora, ib., 1836 Der Ratteufiluger von
; ;
Rockstro, 192 Chrysander, ii. 397.

; Hamelu, ib., 1837 Das Auge des Teufels, ;
GIVE ME BACK MY ib., 1840 DEAREST

Andrea, ib., 1841 Die Hochzeit ; ;
MASTER. See Gebt mir meinen Jesum am Comosee, ib., 1848 and music to many ;
wieder. dramas, farces, melodramas, pantomimes,

GLADLY WILL I, ALL RESIGNING. etc.; Festival overture, Berlin, 1830; Fu-
See Gerne will ich mich bequemen. neral cantata, ib., 1837. Allgem. d. Biogr.,
GLADSTONE, FRANCIS EDWARD, ix. 216 Fc'tis Ledcbur, Tonkihistler Lex- ; ;
born in Oxford, Eng- icon Berlins, 189 Mendel Wasielewski, ; ;
land, March 2, 1845, 354.

still living, 1889. Or- GLASER, KARL GOTTHELF, born at
ganist, pupil of S. S. May 4, 1784,
Weissenfels, Prussian Saxony,
Wesley in 1859-64 ;
died at Barmen, Rhenish Prussia, April
organist Llandaff 16, 1829. Son and pupil of Karl Lud-
of
(1860) and Chichester wig Traugott Gliiser, and studied at the
4 (1870) Cathedrals, Thomasschule

lived in Brighton, 1873 Hiller
of Leipsic under J. A.
and A. E. Miiller in pianoforte and
-76, and London, 1876 harmony, and under Campagnoli in violin.
then organist of Norwich Cathedral,
77, He began the study of law at Leipsic Uni-
1877-81, and since of Christ Church, Lan- versitv', but became a teacher and dealer iu
caster London.
Gate, Mus. Bac, Cam- music in Barmen. He wrote songs, motets,
bridge, 1876 Mus. Doc, ib., 1879. Works
; chorals, music for pianoforte, and several
.

Cantatas Nicodemus, London, 1880
:
;
elementary works for musical instruction.
Philippi, 1882 Constance of Calais, 1884.
; Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 217 Riemann ;
;
Church services Anthems Trio for piano- Mendel.

; ;
forte, violin, and violoncello, 1876 Organ- GLASER, ; KARL LLT)WIG TRAU-
music A wet sheet and a flowing sea, cho- GOTT, bom
; at Ehrenfriedensdorf, Sax-
rus with orchestra ; Songs. ony, iu 1747, died at Weissenfels, Jan. 31,
;;
GLEASOlSr
1797. He was cantor, music director, and chestra, op. 17 ; Concerto in G minor, for
seminary teacher in Weissoufels. Com- pianoforte and orchestra, op. 18.
posed much manuscript church music, and GLEISSNER, FKANZ, born at Neustadt
published a collection of minuets and polo- an der Waldnab, Bavaria, in 17G0, died in
naises for the pianoforte. His melody to Munich after 1815. Dramatic and instru-
Feinde riugsum, by Karl Gottlob Cramer, mental composer completed his philosophi-
;
became widely known, and to the same cal and musical studies in Munich, and be-
melody Nonne wrote another jwpular text, came a member of the royal chapel there
Flamme empor ! Mendel ; Allgoni. d. Bi- about 1800. He was
the first who used
ogr., ix. 217 ; Schilling ; Gerber ; Fctis. lithography for printing music, and estab-
GLEASON, FREDEIUC GIUNT, born, lished a house for this jnirpose at Offenbach
of American parentage, in 1799. Works: Der Pachtbrief, opera,
at Middletown, Con- given in Munich, 1814 ; Several ballets, ib.,
necticut, Dec. 17, 1848, among them, Paul und Virginia; Agnes
still living, 1889. Dra- Bernauerin, melodrama, ib., about 1790
matic composer, pupil Lazarus, oratorio, 1795 Six masses and

ib., ;
in Hartford on the pi- offertories, op. 2 (Augsburg, Lotter) Sym- ;
anoforte and in compo- phonies for several instruments, op. 1 and

sition of Dudley Buck, 15 Quartets, duos, etc.; Several collections
;
and in 18G9 at the of pianoforte music. Fetis ; Gerber ; Eie-

Leipsic Conserv.ato- mann ; Schilling.
riiim on the pianoforte GLETTLE, JOHANN MELCHIOR, born
of Moscheles, Papjje- at Bremgarten, Switzerland, in the first part
ritz, and Plaidy, and in theory and compo- of the 17th century. He was Kapellmeister
sition of E. F. Eichter, J. C. Lobo, Pappe- in Augsburg about 1G80, and one of the
ritz, and Oscar Paul. In 1870 he studied most favourite composers of his time.
in Berlin the pianoforte under Oscar Raif Works 36 motets, op. 1 (Augsburg, 1GG7)
:
and A. Loeschhorn, theory and composition Masses for five voices and five instruments
under C. F. Weitzmann, and the organ (ib., 1GG7) do., and mass for eight voices
;
under August Haupt and in London the ; and seven instruments, op. 3 (ib., 1G70)
pianoforte under Oscar Beringer. Return- Psalms for five voices and five instruments
ing home in 187.5, he became organist of (ib., 1GG7) 36 motets for solo voice and
;
the Asylum Hill Congregational Church in two violins (ib., 1GG7) Musica generalis ;
Hartford, and in 187(5 of the First Congre- latino-germanica, for from one to five voices,
gational Church in New Britain. In 1877 partly with two violins, besides 2 sonatas
he became teacher of the pianoforte, organ, and 36 Tromfieter-Stiicklein (ib., 1674) ;
composition, and orchestration in the Her- do., 2d part, op. 8 (ib., 1684) 18 psalms ;
shey School of Music, Chicago, and in 188-t for three voices (ib., 1685). Fctis; Gerber,
examiner, director, and fellow of the Amer- Hist. Lex.; Mendel.
ican College of Musicians. He is also musi- GLUMES, JEAN BAPTISTE JULES DE,
cal editor of theChicago Tribune. Works : born in Brussels, J.an. 24, 1814, died there,
Olho Visconti, grand ojicra in three acts, Oct. 4, 1881. Pianist, pupil of Hanssens and
op. 7 (MS.); Montezuma, do. (MS.) Ouver- ; of Fctis at the Conservatoire, Brussels, and
ture triomphale, for organ, op. 11 God our ; teacher of singing there in 1837-40. He
Deliverer, cantata for soli, chorus, and or- was a teacher in London for about twenty
chestra, op. 12 3 trios for pianoforte, violin, years from 1842.
; Works Pianoforte mu- :
and violoncello Praise Song to Harmony, sic Chamber

;
music Songs. Fetis Men-
; ; ;
symphonic cantata, for soli, chorus, and or- del.

155
;
GLINKA
GLINKA, MICH AIL IVANOVITCH ments Rondos and variations Romances
; ;
DE, born in the village of Novo-spaskoi, near

and other songs. Fctis do., Supplement, ;
Smolensk, Russia, i. 387 Fouque, l5tude sur Glinka Men-

; ;
May 20 (or June 1) del Riemann

; Cui, La Musique en Rus-
;
1804 died in Ber- sie, in Revue et Gazette musicale de Paris
lin,Feb. 15, 1857. (1878-79) Serow, in Theater- und Musik-

;
Dramatic composer, bote (1857), and in Musik und Theater

pupil on the piano- (18G8) Soloviev, in Musikaluy Listok
;
forte of John Field. (1872) Oscar Comettaut, Mus. et Musi-

;
A
Russian of PoUsh ciens, 414.
he first
extraction, GLOCKEN DES STRASSBURGER
took up music as an MONSTERS, DIE (The Bells of Strasburg
amateur, but later Cathedral), cantata for baritone solo, mixed
adopted it as a profession. In 1830 he chorus, and orchestra, by Franz Liszt, op.
went to Italy, and made a close study 155, WTittcn in 1874. Dedicated to Long-
of the Italian mode of composition for fellow, whose "Golden Legend" in
to
the voice, and in 1833 studied counter- " Christus " Liszt was indebted for his
point under Siegfried Wilhelm Dehn in theme. The cantata deals only with the
Berlin. In 1830 he brought out in St. prologue, in which Lucifer and the Powers
Petersburg an ojjera, Zar.skaja skisu (Life of the air attempt to tear down the cathe-
for the Czar),which had an immediate suc- dral cross during the night-storm. Pub-
cess, and has always been popular in Rus- lished, score, pianoforte score, and parts
sia. In 1876 its 4:48th representation was (Schuberth). Upton, Standard Cantatas,
celebrated, and the bust of the composer 22L
crowned. In 1842 his second opera, Rus- GLOIRE LVIMORTELLE DE NOS
zlan and Ludmilla, won almost an equal AIEUX. See Faust, Gounod.
popularity. Glinka became court con- GLOOMY TYRANTS WE DISDAIN,
ductor and director of the opera and of contralto air in D minor, of Josabeth, in
the choral performances in the imperial Handel's Athalia, Part I.
churches. In 1844 he went to Paris, in GLORIA ALL' EGITTO. See AUa.
1845-47 he was in Madrid and Seville, GLORIOUS APOLLO, glee by Samuel
and, after living a while in Warsaw and St. Webbe, composed for the London Glee
Petersburg, returned Spain in 1851.
to Club on its establishment in 1787. It was
In 1854-55 he lived near St. Petersburg, the first glee sung at every meeting of the
engaged on his autobiography and in club during its existence. Grove, i. 599.
new opera projects, and in 185G visited GLORREICHE AUGENBLICK, DER
Dehn, his old master, in Berlin, where he (The Glorious Moment), cantata for four
died. Works : Zarskaja skisu, opera, St. solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, text by
Petersburg, 183G Huszlan and Ludmilla, Dr. Aloys Weissenbach, music by Beethoven,
;
do., St. I'etersburg, 1842 Kamarinskaja ; op. 136, composed in 1814 by order of the
;
Symf)hony (unfinished) Liixjola Aragonesa magistracy of Vienna for the celebration of

; ;
the Congress held in Vi-

enna to readjust the rela-
tions of Europe after the
downfall of Napoleon ;
per-
formed, Nov. 29, 1814, be-
Adagio and Rondo for orchestra Septet fore the assembled monarchs, Franz I. of
;
Quartets Serenades for several instru- Austria, Nicholas I. of Russia, and Friedrich
;
156
;
: ; ;
GLORY
Willielm in. of Prussia, to whom it was GLOVER, STEPHEN, born in London
dedicated. Published by Hasliuger, after in 1812, died there, Dec. 7, 1870. Brother
Beethoven's death, under the title Preis of Charles William Glover, and composer
der Tonkunst (Praise of Music), with the of more than three hundred popular songs
original text, and also with a new text by and duets, most of which were publishers'
Friedrich Rochlitz. Edition by Breitkoj^f successes. Works Merry is the Green- :
& Hiirtel Beethovens Werke,

(Leipsic), wood, cavatina Duets, What are the wild
;
Cautaten, No. 1. Marx, ii. 202 Thayer, ; waves saying ?, Stars of the summer night.
Verzeichuiss, 118 Lenz, Beethoven, ii. ; There's a sweet wild rose. Our bark is on
304 Upton, Standard Cantatas, .53.
; the Rhine, The Curfew bell, and Voices of
GLORY TO GOD IN THE HIGHEST, the night ; Songs, Annie on the banks o'
chorus in D majoi", in Handel's Messiah, Dee, The Minstrel knight, and Emigrant's
Part I. farewell ; Trios ;
Quartets ; Pianoforte tran-
GLORY TO THE CALIPH. See Oberon. scriptions, etc. Brown
Mendel. ;
GLOSCH, KARL WILHELM, born in GLOVER, WILLIAM, born in London,

BerHn in 1732, died there, Oct. 21, 1809. 1822, still living, 1889. Organist at Cam-
Dramatic composer, pupil of his father bridge, 1841-42, at Manchester, 1842, and
chamber musician from 17G.5 to the Prince at Cheetham, 1846 pupil of Walmisley. ;
of Prussia and teacher of the princess. Works Jerusalem, oratorio, Manchester,

:
Works : La fete des vertua et des graces, 1848 Emmanuel, do., ib., 1851 The Cor-
; ;
Berlin, 1773 ; Der Bruder Graurock iind cantata (1849) Chamber music, songs,
sair, ;
die Pilgerin, 1775 Pianoforte music

ib., ; ; and pianoforte music.
Flute music. Fctis
Mendel. GLOVER, WILLIAM HOWARD, born
;
GLOVER, CHARLES WILLIAJI, born in at Kilburn, London, June G, 1819, died in

London, February, 180G, died there, March New York, Oct. 28, 1875. Dramatic com-
23, 18G3. Violinist, pupil of T. Cooke was poser and violinist. Son of Mrs. Glover the ;
engaged at the Drury Lane and Coveut Gar- actress, pupil on the violin of Wagstaflf,
den Theatres musical director of Queen's leader of the Lyceum band. After a long
;
Theatre, 1832. Has composed songs, duets, tour on the Continent he settled in London,
and pianoforte music. where he taught, conducted, and sang in op-
GLOVER, JOHN "^TLLIAM, born in era, and was musical critic for the Morn-
Dublin, June 19, 1815, ing Post. He resided in the United States
still living, 1889. Or- after 1868. Works : The Coquette, opera,
ganist, studied in Dub- London, about 1845 Tam O'Shauter, can- ;
lin, where he became tata, produced by the Philharmonic Society,

violinist in the orches- London, July 4, 1855 Aminta, opera. Hay- ;
tra, 1830. Established market, London, about 1855 Ruy Bias, ;
the Choral Institute of opera, Covent Garden, ib., 1861 Once too ;
Dublin, 1851. Works often, operetta, Drury Lane, ib., 1862

St. Patrick at Tara, Palomita, or The Veiled Songstress, oper-
cantata, London, 1870 etta ; Overture to Manfred ; 12 romances
Erin's Matin Song, for pianoforte, in two books ; Vocal quar-
Patria, do., ib., 1873
Concerto tets and duets, etc. Pianoforte music.
Masses ; ;
;
for violin and orchestra Fantasia on Irish Grove Brown. ; ;
airs for do. Concerto for organ Piano-

; GLUCK, CHRISTOPH WILLIBALD, ;
forte music Numerous songs. The De- Ritter VON, born at Weidenwang, near
;
serted Village, opera, London, 1880 Two Neumarkt, Upper Palatinate, July 2, 1714, ;
Italian operas (MS.). died in Vienna, Nov. 15, 1787. His father.
157
GLUCK
Alexander, aud his motber, Walpurga, were vein to libretti by Metastasio, undoubtedly
of Prinz Lobkowitz's household, and he in obedience to outside pressure from the
Mî'\~;\, passed his childhood court. It was probably between 1765 and
at the prince's Castle1770 that he gave singing and clavecin les-
of Eisenberg. lu sons to Marie Antoinette. At length he re-
172G he entered the turned to Calzabigi and his new dramatic
Jesuit school at Kom- stj'le, producing Alceste (1767) and Paride
motau in Bohemia, ed Elena (1769). In this latter year he
where he studied the wrote also two lighter intermezzi for the
classics, singing, the court of Parma. But he had lost all faith
violin, pianoforte, and in his older manner, and his new style was
organ. In 1732 be so harshly criticised in Vienna that he de-
went to Prague, where he studied under termined to seek some other field for the
Cernohorsky, and practised the violoncello. practical development of his ideas. En-
In 173G he went to Vienna, where he encouraged by the Bailli du Rollct, an attache
tered the private baud of Prince Melzi, whom of the French embassy, he went to work I
he followed to Milan, where he finished his upon Iphigunie en Aulide, which, when com-
studies in harmony under G. B. Sammartini. pleted, he took to Paris, after a few futile
He soon wrote ojieras, Artaserse (17-11) be- rehearsals in Vienna iu 1772. It was
ing the first, for Milan, Venice, and Turin, brought out triumphantly in Paris in 1774,
all of which were well received. lu 1745 and marked the opening of a new era in
he went, by invitation, to London, but was the French Ij-ric drama, as Orfeo had in the
unable to compete with Handel, and the history of the whole lyric stage. It began
operas he brought out were failures. In very much the same revolution in the French
April 23, 1746, he appeared at the Hay- tragedie-lyrique that had been brought
market as a performer on the musical about in the oprra-comique by Philidor,
glasses. He then visited Paris, where he Mousigny, and Grt'try. Still Glnck had to
heard Eameau's operas, Hamburg, and rely upon no little dijilomacy, pamphleteer-
!
Dresden, and arrived, near the close of 174:G, ing, and, above all, uj)on the influence of
in Vienna, wliei'e he applied himself to the JNIarie Antoinette, now queen, to have his
study of a'sthetics, and of languages and work performed. Orphee, a revised version
literature, frequenting the most intellect- of his Orfeo, and a new arrangement of his
ual society. His Semiramide riconosciuta Alceste (1774 and 1776) soon followed. In
(1748) was a marked advance upon his pre- spite of the success of these works, their
vious works. From 1749 to 1755 he trav- novel, intensely dramatic, and severe style
elled, visiting and producing works in Co- met with no little opposition when Gluek
;
penhagen, Rome, Naples, Schonbrunn, and had set to work on his Armide, Piccinni had
again in Rome. The ojierettas, divertisse- already been invited to Paris, and was hard
ments, and other things he wrote after his at work with IMarmontel on his Roland.
return to Vienna, in 1855, showed a marked Armide was brought out, Sept. 23, 1777 ;
falUng off; but he was gaining in facility Roland, Jan. 17, 1778. The war between
of style. Abandoning IMetastasio's libretti, the Gluckist and Piccinnist factions bvirst
after much consultation with the poet Calza- forth with even more fury than that which,
bigi he set the latter's Orfeo ed Euridice years before, had raged in London between
(given, Oct. 5, 1762), in which his important the Handel and Bononcini parties. That
reforms in the operatic style wei-e fully man- Gluck came out victorious in the end with
ifest. After this masterpiece, however, he his Iphigenie en Tauride (May 18, 1779) is
fell back again, writing music in his former well known ; Piccinni's opera, on the same
158
GLUCK
169
;
GLUCK
subject (Jan. 23, 1781), was too inferior to bust has been engraved by Saint-Aubin.
keej) up the contest. Gluck brouglit out Cavelier's statue is in the Opera in Paris.
(Sept. 21, 1779) liis Echo et Narcisse, which Works
Operas, intermezzos, and ballets :
was not so successful as his Iphigenie, al- Artaserse, given at Milan, 1741 Demo- ;
though it was revived a year later. He had foonte, ib., 171:2 Demetrio, Venice (under ;
set to work on Les Danaides, intending it the title Cleonice), 1742 Ipermestra, ib., ;
to be his last opera, but an apojilectic at- 1742 Ai-tamene, Cremona, 1743
; Si/ace, ;
tack forced him to give up this task, and he INIilan, 1743 Fetba, ib., 1744 Alessandro
; ;
gave the libretto to Salieri. He soon re- neU' Indie, Turin (under the title Poro),
turned to Vienna, where he passed his last 1745 La caduta de' giganti, Loudon, 1746
;
;
years his fame and fortune were alike Ai'tameue (remodelled), ib., 1746 Piramo e
; ;
great. He died of a second stroke of apo- Tisbe, pasticcio, ib., 1746 ; La Semiraniide
plexy. Gluck is, apart from his great ge- riconosciuta, Vienna, 1748 ; Filide, serenade
nius, consj)icuous in the history of the lyric in 2 acts, Copenhagen, 1749 ; Tekmacco,
drama as being the first man avowedly to Eome, 1750 ; La demenza di Tito, Naples,
return to the original general a'sthetic 1751 L' eroe Cinese, Schonbruun, near Vi-
j^rin- ;
ciples of the opera, virtually as they were enna, 1755 II trioufo di Camillo, Antigono,
;
set forth by the Florentine music-reformers Rome, 1754 La Danza, Laxenburg, near
;
of the 17th century, and first embodied in Vienna, 1755 Les amours champctres, Vi- ;
the works of Cacciui and Peri. Such a re- enna, 1755 L' innocenza giustificata, II re
;
turn to first 2)rinciples has been made only pastore, ib., 1756 Le Chinois poll en ;
twice, first by Gluck, then by Wagner. The France, Laxenburg, 1756 Le deguiscment ;
unquestionable difference in form and char- pastoral, Schimbrunu, 1756 L'ile de Mer- ;
acter of the music of Peri, Gluck, and Wag- lin, ib., 1758 La fausse esclave, Vienna,
;
ner, brought about by the gradual musical 1758 Cyth6re assiegee, ib., 1759 ; L'i-
;
evolution of over one and two centuries re- vrogne corrige, ib., 1760 Tetide, ib., 1760 ;
spectively, should not blind our eyes to its Le cadi dupe, ib., 1761 Don Juan, ballet, ;
absolute identity of artistic aim namely, its 1761 On ue s'avise jamais de tout, L'arbre
; ;
entire subservience to the di'amatic spirit of euchautu, ib., 1762 R IrionJ'u di Clclia, Bo- ;
the text. Of all the many reactionaries and logna, 1762 Oifeo ed Euridice, Vienna,
;
reformers in the history of the lyric drama, 17G2 Ezio, ib., 1763 La rencontre impre-
; ;
Gluck and Wagner have been the only radi- vue, Vienna (also in German as Die Pilgrime
cal ones. Of Gluck's operas, Orphê and von Mekka), 1764 ; R Parnasso confuso,
Armide have had the widest and most last- performed by the imperial family, Schon-
ing popularity Alccste comes next, but it brunn, 1765
;
Telemacco (remodelled). La
;
is probable that none of his French operas Corona (by the imperial family), Vienna,
have permanently passed from the stage a 1765 Alceste, ib., 1766 I'aride ed Elena,
;
; ;
revival of any of them would not be a mat- ib., 1769 Le feste d' Apollo, Bauci e File-
;
ter of surprise. The best portrait of Gluck mone, Ai'isteo, Parma, 1769 Iphigenie en ;
is the one by Duplessis (1775) in the Vi- Aulide, Orphce et Eiirydice (rearranged),
enna Gallery. It has been engraved by Paris, 1774; Alceste (remodelled), ib.,
Unger and Schilling and etched by Le Rat.
A replica, decidedly finer in the head, but
inferior in other portions, in the library of
the Harvard Musical Association, Boston,
Mass., has been etched for this Cyclopedia.
Another portrait, by HoudeviUe, has been en- 1776 Armide, ; ib., 1777 ; Iphigenie en Tau-
graved by Phihppeaux Houdou's famous ride, cho et
; Nai-cisse, ib., 1779. Other
160

GLtJCK
works: G symphonies for 2 violins, viola, about 1808 I falsi galantuomini, Milan, ;
bass,and 2 horns De j^rofundis, for chorus Teatro Carcano, 1809 Gli amanti filarmo-
; ;
and orchestra The eighth psalm, a cap- nici, Italy, about 1810 Adelaide e Gues-
; ;
pella 8 odes of Klopstock, for a voice and clino

; II nuovo podesta La testa riscal- ; ;
pianoforte Part of a cantata, The Last data.

; Potis Mendel. ;
Judgment, which was finished by Salieri. GO, BAFFLED COWARD, duet in A

Clement, Mus. celcbres, 88 Futis do., Sup- minor for tenor and bass, between Samson
; ;
jilement, i. Mi'inoires pour servir a I'histoire and Harapha, in Handel's Samson, Part 11.
;
de la revolution opi'ree dans la musique par GOBATI (Gobatti), STEFANO, born at

M. le chevalier Gluck (Paris and Naples, Bergantino, Veuetia, July 5, 1852, still liv-
1781) Siegmeyer, Ueber den Eitter Gluck ing, 1889.
; Dramatic composer, pupil at
und Werke (Berlin, 1825)
seine Riedel, Mantua of Campioni, at Bologna of Giu-
;
Ueber die Musik des Ritters Christoph von seppe Busi, and at Parma of Lauro Eossi,
Gluck (Vienna, 1775) Miel, Notice sur Chr. whom he followed to Naples. His first op-
;
G. (Paris, 1840) Solie, Etudes biogra- era, I Goti, brought out at Bologna, Nov.
;
phiques, etc. (Annecy, 1853) Schmid, Chr. 30, 1873, was a success and was repeated
;
W. Eitter von Gluck, etc. (Leipsic, 1854) on all the iirincijial stages of Italy. His
;
Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Piccinui (Paris, second opera. Luce, Bologna, 1875, Milan,
1872). Scala, 1876, was equally successful. Fotis,
GLUCK VON EDENHALL, DAS (The Supplement, i. 395 ; Mendel.
Luck of Edenhall), ballad by Uliland, music, GOBBAEETS, JEAN LOUIS, born in
for chorus, and orchestra, by Robert Antwerp, Sept. 28, 1835, died at Saint-Gil-
soli,
Schumann, op. 143, composed in 1853. les, April 28, 1886. Pianist, pupil at the
The Luck of Edenhall is a goblet left by Brussels Conservatoire. He published,
the fairies on St. Cuthbert's well at Eden- often under the pseudonym of Streabbog
hall, and the superstition is that there will (Gobbaerts reversed), about 1,200 numbers
be no more luck in the family if the goblet of light pianoforte music, much of which
be lost or broken. Longfellow has trans- was popular. Works Valse des masques, :
lated the poem. op. 39 Nocturne, op. 45 Idylle, op. 49 ; ;

;
GLUCKSRITTER, DEE, operetta, text Galojo di bravura, op. 56 Serenade, oj). ;
by Genee and Mannstiidt, music by Alfons 84 Les jjapillons, G dances, op. 108 Trans- ; ;
Czibulka, represented at the Carl Theater, criptions, etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. 395 ;
Vienna, Dec. 22, 1887. It was a success. Eiemann.

GNECCO, FRANCESCO, born in Genoa GOBEL, JOHANN FEEDINAND, born
in 17G9, died in Milan in 1810. Dramatic at Baumgarten, Silesia, in 1817, still living,
composer, pupil of Mariani, of the Sistine 1889 (?). Violinist, pupil of Pixis on the
Chapel, and the Cathedral of Savona. violin, and of Dionys Weber in composition

Works Operas Lo sposo di tre, marito at the Prague Conservatorium. In 1840 he
:
di nessuna, Milan, 1793 Gli Bramini, Italy, was first violin in the theatre orchestra at
;
about 1794 Argete, Naples, about 1794

; Breslau, and in 1844 became director there.
;
Le nozze de' Sanniti, Turin,

about 179G Works Overtures Violin music Songs.
; : ; ;
Le nozze di Lauretta, ib., about 1797 La Mendel Fctis. ; ;
prova d' uu opera seria, Italy, about 179G, GOBEL, KAEL, born in Berlin, March
Paris, 1806 Carolina e Filaiulro, Italy, 11, 1815, died at Bromberg, Oct. 26, 1879.
;
about 1798 II pignattaro, Naples, about Pianist, Kaijellmeister of the theatre in

;
1799 La scena senza scena, ib., about Dantzie and, later, director in Bromberg.
;
1800 Gli ultimi due giorni di Carnevale, He had the title of royal Prussian music
;
Venice, about 1800 Arsace e Semiramide, director.

; Works Operas Chrysalide, :
;
GOCKEL
about 1840 Fiitbjof, 1860. He was the
; GODECHAELE (Godcbalk), EUGENE
author of a " Kompeiidium tier Klavier- CHARLES JEAN, born in Brussels, Jan. 15,
literatur." Meudel, iv. 285Ergiinz., 127. 1742, died there about 1814. Violinist,;
GOCKEL, AUGUST, born at Willibades- sou of Jacques Autoine Godecharle, singer

sen, Westphalia, died tliere in in the royal chapel (1712). He was edu-
in 1831,
18G1. Mendelssohn and cated a chorister of the chapel, and was sent
Pianist, pupil of
Plaidy at the Leipsie Couservatorium in to Paris to study the violin on his return, ;
1845. In 1853-56 he made a concert tour in 1773, to Brussels he became violin player
in the United States.
Works Pianoforte in the chajiel, and in 1788 iirst violin. He:
music Chamber music

; Songs. Men- was also maitre de chapelle of the Church
;
del. of Saint-Gery, from 1776 until his death.
GODAHD, BENJAMIN (LOUIS PAUL), Most of his compositions are in MS., but
born ill Paris, Aug. 18, 1849, still living, some were i)ublished in Brussels and Paris
1889. Violinist and dramatic composer, pu- (1765). Fetis Van der Straeten, ii. 231 ;
;
pil of Richard Hammer on the violin, and iv. 320 Hart, The Violin, 319 Mendel ; ;
from 1863 at the Conservatoire in composi- Wasielewski, Die Violine, 284.

tion of Reber, and on the violin of Vieux- GODEFROID, (DIEUDONNE JOSEPH
temps, whom be accompanied twice on con- GUILLAU^LE) FELIX, born at Namur,
cert tours to Germany. He is one of the July 24, 1818, still living, 1889. Harp vir-
most noteworthy representatives, among tuoso, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire
the younger generation of French compos- from 1832 of Nadermann on the harj), for
ers, of the tendency inaugurated by Berlioz. which be won in 1835 the 2d prize. A
Prix Chartier of the lustitut de France, clever performer also on the pianoforte, he
for his chamber music. W'orks Pedro de wrote before he was nineteen years old a :
Zalamea, opera, given at Antwerp, Jan. 31, trio for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello,
1884 Jocelyn, opera, Brussels, Feb. 25, one of his best works.
; By constant jirac-
1888 Dante et Beatrice, Paris, 1888 Les tice he became as expert with his left as
; ;
Guelfes, do. (MS.) Diane ct Acteou, lyric with his right hand, and has been called
;
scene Le Tasse, dramatic symphony, op. the Pagauiui of the harp. In 1839 he went
;
39 (prize of city of Paris, 1878) Symph- to Germany and afterwards to London, and ;
onic gothique, op. 23 Symphonie orieu- he has since made successful concert tours
;
tale, op. 84 ; Sijmplwiiie k'gendau'e, Paris, in the principal countries of Europe. In

Chatelet, 188G-87 Scenes j)oetiques, suite ; 1856 he j)articipated, in Brussels, in the
for orchestra, op. 46 Solitude for do. 2 ; ; twenty-fifth anniversary of the accession of
valses for do. Concerto for pianoforte with
; Leopold I., and was awarded the cross of
orchestra, op. 31 Introduction et Allegro, ; the Order of Lt'opold. Works La harpe :
for do., op. 49; Concerto romantique, for d'or, opera-comique, given at the Theatre
violinand orchestra, op. 35 2 quartets for ; Lyrique, Paris, 1858 La dernicre bataille,
;
strings, op.33 and 37 2 trios for piano- ; operetta, Pai'is, 1861 La lille de Saiil,
;
forte and strings, op. and 72 4 sonatas ; opera, Boulogne, 1883 Le reve, etude me-;
for pianoforte and violin, op. 1, 2, 9, and lodi(iue, oj). 23 La melancolie, op. 24
; Les ;
12 Legende et Scherzo, for do., op. 3

; 6 ; reves de la Plata La danse des Sylphes
; ;
duettini, for 2 violins with pianoforte, op. Souvenir castellan Danse indienne Me-
; ;
18 ; Deux morceaux, for violoncello, with lodies de Schubert Rondo russe, etc. He
;
do., op. de trois morceaux, for wrote also in 1869 the cantata for the in-
36 ; Suite
violin, do., op. 78 Pianoforte music auguration of the statue of Leopold I. in
with ;

and many songs. Fetis, Supplement, i. Namur. Fetis, iv. 43 do.. Supplement, L ;
395 Riemann.
; 396.
;
GODEFROID
GODEFROID, JULES JOSEPH, boiu GODFREY, DANIEL, born in West-
at Namur, Feb. 23, 1811, died in Paris, minster, London, in 1831, still living, 1889.
Feb. 27, 1840. Harp virtuoso, brother of Bandmaster and composer, eldest son of
the preceding ;
pujiil of Nadermanu on the Charles Godfrey, pupil at the Royal Acad-
harp, for which he won the 2d prize in emy of Music, London. He became in
1828, andLesueur in composition. He
of 1856 bandmaster of the Grenadier Guards,
lived chiefly in Boulogne as teacher of the and is professor of military music at the
harp and composer. In 1837 he made a Royal Academj-. In 1872 he made with his
concert tour through Belgium. Works : band a concert tour in the United States,
Le diadeste, opera-comique, given in Paris, the first visit there of an English military
1836 La chasse-roj'ale, opcra-comique in
; band since the War of Independence. He is
two acts, Paris, 1839 Harp music Piano-
; ; the author of many marches, waltzes Ma-
forte music Songs.
;
Fetis; Larousse. bel, Hilda, Guards, etc.
and transcriptions
GODFREY, ADOLPHUS FREDERICK, from pojûlar operas. Grove
Mendel ;
born in London in 1837, died there, Aug. Brown.

28, 1882. Bandmaster and composer, son GOD SAVE THE KING, the English
of Charles Godfrey, pupil at the Royal national air, author of text and music un-
Academy of Music. Li 18G3 he succeeded certain. It was first sung in j)ublic in Sep-
his father as bandmaster of the Coldstream tember, 174.'), at Drury Lane and Covent
Guards. He was a jJi'olific writer of lan- Garden Theatres, London, Dr. Arne har-
cers, quadrilles, galops, jMlkas, and other monizing it for the former and Dr. Burney
dance music. for the latter but there is some evidence;
GODFREY, CHARLES, born at King- that it was sung

in 1740 by Henry Carey at
ston, Surrey, England, Nov. 22, 1790, died a tavern in Cornhill, and that he announced
in London, Dec. 12, 18G3. Bassoonist, for it as his own comjôsitiou. Its authorship
fifty years bandmaster of the Coldstream has been attributed also to Dr. John Bull
Guards appointed in 1831 musician in or- and to others, but the weight of authority
;
dinary to the King. He composed and ar- seems to be in favour of Carej'. It has been
ranged much music for military bands and adojited as a national air in Hanover, Bruns-
was the editor of " Jullien's Military Band wick, Prussia, Saxony,
Weimar, Sweden,
Journal," the first journal of military music and Russia until 1833, when the new
in
published in England. His three sons, Russian anthem was composed. In Switz-
Daniel, Adolphus Frederick, and Charles, erland it is the air of the federal cantons,
Jr., are all noted in the same profession. "Rufst du, mein Vaterland," and in Ger-
GODFREY, CHARLES, JR., born in many it is sung to the words " Heil dir im
London, Jan. 17, 1839, still living, 1889. Siegerkranz," and also to "Brause, du
Bandmaster and comjwser, son of Charles Freiheit-Sang." Weber introduced it into
Godfrey, pupil at the Royal Academy of his cantata Kampf und Sieg, and his Ju-
Music, London. He was bandmaster of bel-Ouvertiire, and Beethoven wrote varia-
the Scots Fusiliers in 18G0-68, and since tions on it for the pianoforte. Chappell,
18G9 has held the same position in the Popular Music Olden Time, ii. 691
of ;
Royal Horse Guards. He is also professor Chrysandai', Jahrbiicher,i. 287 London ;
of military music in the Royal College of JIus. Times (March to August, 1878)
Music and the Guildhall School of Music. Grove.
He is the author of numerous popular GOD SAVE THE KING, variations on,
waltzes, galops, quadi-illes, and other dance for the liianoforte, in C major, by Beet-
music, and is editor of the " Orjjheus Jour- hoven. Published first in Vienna, 1804.
nal," a military music periodical. Edition by Breitkopf & Hartel (Leipsic),
|
163
;
GOES
Variationen fiir das Pianoforte, etc., page
and sonatas for violin, duos, trios,
certos,
109. Thayer, Verzeichniss, 58. which remain in manuscript. Dlabacz,
etc.,
GOES, DAfflAO DE, born at Alemquer, Kiinstl. Lex. fiir Buhmeu, 481 Fetis ; ;
Portugal, in 1501, died Mendel Wurzbach. ;
in Lisbon in 1573. GOETZ, HER]\IANN, born at Konigs-

Church composer. berg, Dec. 17, 1840, died at Hottingen
He was ambassador (Canton of Zurich), Switzerland, Dec. 3,
successivelj' to France, 1876. Dramatic composer, first instructed
Italy, Poland, and by Louis KiJhler, on the pianoforte and in
Denmark, was in Rome harmony after completing his studies at
;
several years, and set- the University of Kouigsberg, in 1858, he

tled in 1542 in Lou- entered Stern's school, Berlin, where he
vain. On his return studied the pianoforte under Billow, and
to Portugal he was made historian to the composition under Ulrich. In 1863 he suc-
court and was otherwise honoured. His ceeded Kirclmer as organist at Winterthur,
church compositions are in several collec- where he also gave lessons, founded a sing-
tions of the time, including the Dodecachor- ing society, and conducted an amateur or-
don of Glareanus. He was thrown into the chestra. Over-exertion bj' travelling be-
prisons of the Inquisition in 1571 and was tween Zurich, whither he moved in 1867,
killed in 1573, according to Vascoucellos, and Winterthur,

who gives a list of his w-orks. Fetis Vas- ; where he had kept
concellos Mendel
; do., Ergiinz., 127.
; his former engage-
GOETHE, WM.THEE "WOLFG.ANG ments for over two
VON, born in Weimar in 1817, died there, years, undermined
April 15, 1885. A grandson of the poet, his health, and his
he studied music under Mendelssohn and death at Hottingen,
Weinlig in Leijisic, and under Karl Loewe where he had settled
in Stettin. He lived about 1850 for some in 1870, occurred just
time in Vienna. "Works Operas Ansel-
: as fame and fortune
mo Lancia, oder das Fischermi'idchen, text began to smile on
by Theodor Ki'irner, given in Weimar, him. Like Norbert
1839 ; Der Gefangene von Bologna, ib., Burgmidler, Goetz died jirobablj- before his
1846 Elfriede, ib., 1853. Pianoforte mu- full genius had had time to develop. He
;
sic;
Songs. Mendel N. Zeitschr, f. Mus. may be regarded as one of the most notable
;
(188.5), 190. of the legitimate followers of Mendelssohn

GOETZ, FRANZ, born at Straschitz, Bo- and Schumann. Although he could not
hemia, in 1755, died at Olmutz, IMoravia, escape the musical influences of his day,
after 1799. Violinist, at first in the thea- the general bent of his genius was in the
tre orchestra at Briinu, then made a con- classic, rather than the " future " direction.
cert tour through Bohemia and Silesia, and, His best-known works are the opera Der
through the recommendation of Dittersdorf, Widerspenstigen Zilhmung, and the sym-
whose acquaintance he made at Breslau, phony in F major. Works : Der Wider-
was made Conzertmeister in the ejîscopal spenstigen Zidimung, opera, given at Mann-
orchestra at Johannisberg afterwards again
; heim, 1874Francesca von Rimini, do.
;
in Breslau, he went as conductor of the (third act finishedby Ernst Frank), ib., 1877
theatre orchestra to Briinn, and soon after Niinie (Audi das Schi'me muss sterben by !,
became Kapellmeister to the Archbishop of Schiller), for chorus and orchestra, op. 10 ;
Olmutz. He composed symphonies, con- Cantate (Es liegt so abeudstill der See), for
1C4
;
GOFFIN
male chorus and orchestra (with tenor or where he gave a private concert in the pic-
soprano solo), op. 11 137th psalm, for ture gallery of Devonshire House. In 18G1
;
chorus, soprano solo, and orchestra, op. 14 he visited New York, ;
Symphony in F, for full orchestra, oj). 9, where he wrote most

Leipsic, Gewaudhaus Concert, Jan. 27, of his larger composi-
187G ; Friihlings-Ouvertiire, op. founded a 15 ; Con- tion.s. He
certo for pianoforte, op. 18 in Bos-
; do. for vio- conservatory
lin, op. 22 Trio for do., and strings, op. ton, and in 18G8 went
;
1 ;Quartet for do., op. G Quintet for do., to Chicago, and found-
;
op. 16 Drei leichte Stiicke, for pianoforte ed there a second con-

;
and violin, op. 2 Pianoforte pieces, op. 7, servatory, of which ho

;
8, 13, and sonata (1 hands), op. 17 Songs, became director. In ;
1873 he removed to
where he St. Louis,
was for a time one of the directors of the
Beethoven Conservatory, and conductor of
op. 3, 4, 5, 12, 19 Quartets for male voices, the St. Louis Harmonic Society. In 1885
;
op. 20 do. for mixed voices, op. 21. he settled in New York, where ho is en-
;
Allgem. d. Biogr. ix. 509 Mendel Mus. gaged in teaching, giving pianoforte re-
; ;
Woehenbl., vii. 228, G85, 707, 722 Sig- citals, and conducting. Works The Sol-
; :
nale. dier's Return, operetta, text by composer,

GOFFIN, DIEUDONNE, Belgian com- given in London, 1856 Saratoga, ; opera
He is honorary di- Newport, opera, 1888 The Song
poser, contemporary. ; of the
rector of the Choral Society of Verviers, the Brave Man, cantata Biirgers Lenore, ;
oldest in Belgium. Works Le

du di- Idylle, T^legie, and other compositions for
: pic
able, comic opera, Verviers, 18G1 Le lever the orchestra Symphony Victoria 2 con-
; ; ;
du soleil, cantata Christophe Colomb, do. certos for pianoforte and orchestra, in G
;
;
Les croises, do. Le combat naval, do., and minor, and in C Sextet for strings Quin-
; ;
others. Fetis, Supplement, i. 397. tet for pianoforte an<l strings 135 compo- ;
GOLD, LEONHARD, born in Odessa in sitions for the pianoforte, among them a
1818, still living, 1889 (?). Violinist, pupil grande polonaise and a nocturne Much ;
of Joseph Biihrn at the Vienna Conserva- concerted vocal music and a number of
torium returned to Odes.sa in 1836. He songs. His didactic works comprise Three
;
made a concert tour in 1837-39, and in Graduating Courses for pianoforte, voice,
1840 became first violin of the theatre or- and harmony in G volumes. Mendel Fetis, ;
chestra in his native town. He composed Supplement, i. 398.

at Vienna and brought out with success at GOLDBERG, JOHANN GOTTLIEB
Odessa, 1837, an Italian opera. Schilling, (Gottlob ? Theophilus ?), German compioser
Sujjplement, 1G7 Mendel Fetis.
; of the 18th century, supposed to have lived
;
GOLDBECK, ROBERT, born, of German in 1730-GO. Organist, pupil of Sebastian

parentage, in Potsdam, Prussia, April 19, Bach, who gave him the highest praise. In
1839, still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil on 1756 was chamber musician to Count Briihl
the pianoforte and in harmony of Louis in Dresden.
a remarkable power He had
Kohler, his mother's brother ; then, through
and could read the most of improvisation,
the influence of Alexander von Humboldt, difficult music at .sight, even when turned
a pupil, in Brunswick, of Litolff, in piano- upside down. Bach's Thirty Variations
forte playing and composition. Li 1851 he were written for him, and are sometimes
went to Paris, and thence, in 185G, to London, called the Goldberff Variations. Works :
105
;
GOLDE
24 polonaises for pianoforte 2 concertos Cross), comic opera in two acts, text by
; ;
Sonata with minuet and 12 variations for Mosenthal, music by Ignaz Briill, first rep-
pianoforte G trios for flute, violin, and resented in Berlin, December, 1875.
; The
bass Preludes and fugues Motet Psalm. libretto is an adaptation of the French vau-
; ; ;
All liis compositions are in MS.

Allgem. d. deville, " Catherine, ou la croix d'or," by
Biogr., is. 331 Grove Mendel ; Fetis Brazier and Melesville. Christine, sister of
; ; ;
Spitta, Bach, ii. 72G. Nicholas, a young innkeeper about to be

GOLDE, ADOLF, born at Erfurt, Aug. raai-ried to Theresa, but whose wedding is
22, 1830, died there in April, 1880. Pian- interrupted by his being drawn in the con-
son and pupil of Josef Golde, an able scription to fight iinder Napoleon against
ist,
musician and conductor, who instructed the Russians, offers her hand in marriage,
him on the and violin in 1851 he after two years, to anyone who will go as
clarinet ;
went to where he studied compo- his substitute. Gontran, a young nobleman

Berlin,
sition iinder Marx, and the organ under who has been jilted, accepts her off'er and
Haujit and Hauer. He afterwards taught sends Bombardon, a sergeant, to get Chris-
the pianoforte at Stern's Conservatorium, tine's pledge the golden cross. In the
and appeared in jjublic as an able pi-
also second which begins three years later,
act,
anist in 1872 he assumed the direction of
; Christine and Theresa are nursing a young
the Soller Vocal Society at Erfurt, as suc- captain, who has returned wounded. He,
cessor of his father. Besides a symj^hony who turns out to be Gontran, falls in love
in B minor, and other orchestral works, in with Christine, but she refuses him out of
MS., he has composed graceful jjioccs de fidelity to her pledge. Gontran declares
salon, dances, and marches for pianoforte. his identitj', but fails to prove it, as he has
Mendel. given the golden cross to a comrade while
GOLDEN COLTOINS, F.AIR AND lying on the battle-field in expectation of
BRIGHT, tenor air in D major of Zadock, death. Bombardon finally returns and con-
in Handel's Solomon, Part HI. firms his story, and a second wedding is the
GOLDEN LEGEND, THE, cantata, by result. The opera was j)layed in Vienna,
Dudley Buck, awarded the jirize of one 187G, and in an English dress, libretto by
thousand dollars offered in 1879 by the John P. Jackson, in London, 1878. It was
Cincinnati j\Iay Festival Association for the given at the Metropolitan Opera House,
best work by a native compose!', and jêr- New York, Nov. 10, 188G, with the follow-
formed at the Festival of 1880. The text ing cast Christine, Frau Seidl-Krauss :
is composed of a prologue, twelve scenes, Theresa, Frl. Januschowsky Gontran, Max ;
and an e2)ilogue, from the "Golden Le- Alvarj' Nicholas, von Milde Bombardon, ; ;
gend " in Longfellow's " Christus." Charac- Emil Fischer.

ters represented Elsie Prince Henry
: ;
GOLDMARK, KARL, born at Keszthely,
;
Lucifer Friar Paul.

;

Upton, Standard Hungai-y, May 18, 1832, still living, 1889.
Cantatas, 100. Violinist and dramatic composer, first in-
GOLDEN LEGEND, THE, cantata, text structed on the violin in the Musikverein
adapted from Longfellow's poem of "Chris- at Oedenburg (1843), then in Vienna jjupil
tus," by Joseph Bennet, music by Sir Ai'- of Jansa, and for a short time (1847-48) at
thur Sullivan, first performed at the Leeds the Conservatorium of Bohni, but on the
(England) Festival, Oct. IG, 188G. The whole rather self-taught, especially in 1858
libretto comprises a prologue, six scenes, at Pesth by the study of Bach's, Beethoven's,

and a choral epilogue. Upton, Standard and Schumann's works. His overture, Sa-
Cantatas, 33.''). kuntala, and a scherzo for orchestra first
GOLDENE KEEUZ, DAS (The Golden attracted the attention of the musical world.
;
GOLDSCllMIDT
wliile his opera, Die KOnigin von Saba as an amateur. '
Ho is, however, notable as

(1875), firmly established his fame. The virtually' the who has thor-
only composer
comjjaratively small oughly followed out the princij)les of Wag-
number of his com- nerianisni, applying them practically, with-
positionsshow a great out stint. The immense notoriety of his
earnestness of pur- Todsiinden and Heliauthus seems to have
pose and clearness of been merely ephemeral, and since 1885, lit-
form combined with tle, or nothing, has been heard from him.
true feeling ; his in- Works Die Sleben Todsiinden, oratorio,

:
strumentation is veiy text by Robert Hamerling ; Heliantlins, op-

brilliant. Works '
era, given in Leipsie, 1884 Music for piano-

;
Operas Die Konigin : forte and orchestra ; Songs. Mendel.

von Saba, op. 27, GOLDSCHMmT, OTTO, born in Ham-
given in Vienna, 1875 ; llerlin, ib., 1886, burg, Aug. 21,
New York, 1887 ; Der Fremdling; Sakuntala, 1829, still living,
concert overture, op. 13 ; Die Liindliche 1889. Pianist,
Hochzeit, symphony, op. 26 ; Symphony in pupil of Jacob
E-flat ; Penthesilm, overture, op. 31 ; Scherzo, Schmitt and Fried-
for orchestra, op. 19 ; Concerto for violin with rich W'. Grand,
orchestra, op. 28 ; 2 trios for pianoforte and and in 1843-46 at
strings, op. i and 33 Quintet for do., op. the Leij)sic Con-
;
30 ;
Quartet for strings, op. 8 Quintet for servatorium of ;
do., op. 9 Suite for pianoforte and violin, Mendelssohn. Ho

;
op. 11 Sonata for do., op. 25 Sturm und went to Paris in

; ;
Drang, 9 characteristic pieces for piano- 1848 and studied

forte, op. 5 Drei Stiicke, for do. (4 hands), with Chopin. In 1849 he played in Lon-
;
op. 12 Tanze, for do., op. 22 Zwei Novel- don at a concert with Jenny Lind, and
; ;
letten, Priiludium und Fuge, for do., op. in 1851 went with her to America as con-
29 Regeulied, for mixed chorus, op. 10
; ductor of her concerts. He married her ;
Friihlingsnetz, for four male voices, with in Boston, Feb. 5, 1852, and the couple
pianoforte and four horns, op. 15 Meeres- lived in Dresden in 1852-55 and in or ;
stille und gliickliche Fahrt, for male chorus near London from 1858 until her decease
and horns, op. 16 4 choruses for male in 1887. He conducted festivals in Dii.s-
;
voices, op. 1-t and 17 Im Fuscherthale, G seldorf and Hamburg in 1863 and 1866,
;
songs for mixed voices, op. 24 Friihlings- was vice-jjrincipal of the London Royal ;
hymne, for chorus, contralto solo, and Academy of Music in 1863, and formed the
or-
chestra, op. 23 ; Songs, op. 18, 20, 21, 32, Bach Choir in 1875. He became an honor-
34. niustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 250; Mus. ary member of the London Philliarmonic
Wochenblatt, i. G, 277, 441 ii. 500 viii. Society in 1861 and member of the Swedish ; ;
2G9 X. 519 N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1866), Royal Academy of Music in 1864, and re-
; ;
209, 218 (1867), 269, 279

; (1868), 452 ceived the royal Order of Vasa in 1876. ; ;
(1870), 295 (1886), 533 Siguale (1886), Works liiifh, oratorio, first jjerformed at
; ; :
1073, 1089, 1121. the Hereford Festival, 1867, and afterwards

GOLDSCHanDT, ADALBERT VON, inLondon, Dilsseldorf, and Hamburg Trio ;
born in Vienna in 1853, still living, 1889. j

forpianoforte, violin, and violoncello, op.
Dramatic composer, pupil at the Vienna 12 Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra,
;
Conservatorium. He belongs to a family of op. 10 ; 12 studies for pianoforte, op. 13

wealthy financiers and follows music only 12 songs with jsianoforte accompaniment,
:
GOLDSCJIMIDT
op. 8 and 9 ; Part-sougs, etc. Grove ; Men- Haydn. Bernsdorf Mendel Schilling, ; ;
del ; Fetis. Supplement, 167 Staffler, Das deutsche ;
GOLDSCHMIDT, SIGISMUND, born in Tyrol, etc. (Innsinuick, 1847), i. 678.

Prague, Sept. 28, 1818, died in Vienna in GOLLMICK, ADOLF, boru at Fraukfort-
October, 1877. Pianist, pupil in Prague of on-the-Maiu, Feb. 5, 1825, died in Loudon,
Tomascbek, Dionj's Weber, and Joseph March 7, 1883. Pianist, sou and pupil of
Triebensee, and in Paris of Dreyscbock. Karl Gollmick and pupil of Riefstahl, H.
He lived in the latter city in 1845-49, then Wolff, and Kessler went to London in ;
returned to Prague. He composed over- 1844. Works Dona Constanza, comic op- :
tures, sonatas, and songs.

Wurzbacb, v. era The Oracle, do.; Balthasar, do.; Blind ;
260 Fotis Mendel, iv. 294 do., Ergauz., Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green, oper-
; ; ;
130. atic cantata The Heir of Linne, do. Sym- ; ;
GOLD SONG. See Fidelio. phony for orchestra Overture and marches ;
GOLDWIX, JOHN, boru (?), died at for do. Pianoforte music and songs. ;
Windsor, Nov. 7, 1719. Organist, pupil of GOLL:\nCK, KARL, born at Dessau,

Dr. William Child, whom he succeeded as March 19, 1790, died in Frankfort-on-the
organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Main, Oct. 3, 1866. Sou of the tenor singer
in 1697 became also master of the choris- Friedrich Karl GoUmick (1774-1852), and
;
ters in 1703. His service in F is printed in jjupil of SiJiudler in Strasburg, where he

Arnold's "Cathedral Music." Boyce and began studying theology, but left the uni-
Page also printed some of his anthems, and versity and settled in Frankfort as a teacher
others remain in MS. in Tud way's collection of music and languages. Spohr engaged
and at Ely Cathedral, where he is entered as him to play the kettledrums of the Frank-
Golding.
Grove Fi'tis Mendel. fort theatre orchestra iu 1818
; ; later he be- ;
GOLINELLI, STEF.VNO, boru at Bo- came Correpetitor, and was pensioned in

logna, Italy, Oct. 26, 1818, still living 1889. 1855. He wrote songs and pianoforte
Pianist, whoso reputation is very great in music, oj)eratic librettos, educational and
Italy ; is professor in the Licco at Bologna, critical musical works, articles iu musical
which has adopted his Ai giovaui j)ianisti, journals, a musical dictionary, and his au-
24 preludes, op. 177, as a study. Works tobiographj'. Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 345 ;
5 sonatas, op. 30, 53, .54, 70, 40 3 toccatas, Mendel Fi'tis, iv. 50 do., Supplement, i.
; ; ;
op. 38, 48, 186 2 fautaisies romantiques, 398 Riemann.

; ;
op. 58, 76 Album, op. 11 12 etudes, op.

; GOLTERM.VNN, GEORG (EDUARD),
;
15 24 preludes, op. 23
; do., op. 69 2 born at Hanover, Aug. 19, 1824, still living,
; ;
etudes de concert, op. 47 Esquisses pian- 1889. Violoncellist, jnipil of Prell and
;
istiques, op. 120 Peusieri, op. 155 Fan- Menter on the violoncello and of Lachner
; ;
tasia lirica, op. 163 etc.

;
Fetis, Supple- in composition. He made concert tours in
ment, i. 398 ; Mendel, Erganz., 130. 1850-52, became in 1852 musical director
GOLLER, MARTIN, born at Layeu, Ty- in Wîirzburg, and in 1853 second, and iu
rol, Feb. 20, 1764, died in Innspruck, Jan. 1874 first. Kapellmeister of the Stadttheater
13, 1836. Church composer, son and pupil He is one of the of in Frankfort-ou-the-Main.
Daniel Goller, an organist at the age of six- best of modern violoncellists, and an emi-
;
teen he entered the Benedictine monastery nent conductor. Works 6 concertos for :
of St. Georgenberg, near Fiecht. In 1811 violoncello and orchestra, op. 14, 30, 51, 65,
he became music teacher to a new Musik- 76, 100 Symphony for orchestra in A ;
vereiu at Innspruck, and directed the choir minor, op. 20 2 Festspiel-Ouvertiiren, op. ;
of the university church there. His church 24 and 94 Sonatas for pianoforte and vio- ;
music was favourably judged by Michael loncello Dauses allemandes for violoncello ;
; ;
GOMBERT
anil pianoforte, op. 42
Adagio for violon-
; cantionum (AntwerjJ, 1553)
clesiasticfe
;
cello and orchestra, 83 Morceaux ca-

op. ; Sacrarum cantiones (ib., 1554-55) Mo- ;
racteristiques for violoncello and pianoforte, tetti della Simla (1539) ; Attaignant's col-
op. 41, 48, 53 ; jSlegie iu C minor for do., lection of motets (1529) Moderuo's (1532-
;
op. 88 Songs, etc.

;
Riemann Mendel ; 42) ; etc. His Grande Messe a quatre voix,
Fotis, iv. 51 do., Suijplement, i. 399
;
;
Je suis desheritoe, is iu a collection of
Grove. Masses printed by Le Roy and Ballard the ;
GOMBERT, NICOLAS, born in Bruges Eler collection, iu the Library of the Paris
about 1495, died after 1570. One of the Conservatoire, contains nineteen of his
most important composers of the Flemish motets iu MS. His chansons are in the
school, pupil of Josquin Des2)rcs. Educat- collections of chansons published by At-
ed for the church, he remained true to his taignaut and others ; his Allejuja me faut
priestly vows, although he entered the ser- chanter is in the 7th book of Attaignant's
vice of the Emperor Charles V., and resided Sis galliards, etc. (1529) and the Com- ;
at Madrid in 1530-34 as musicus impera- plaint of Gerard Avidius, set to music by

torius. Through that sovereign's favour he Gombert, with the title. In losquinium a
was given a sinecure oifice iu the Nether- Prato, etc., is in the 7th volume of Chansons
lauds, which enabled him to speud his last a 4, 5, 6 et 8 parties (Susato, Autwerji,
days in peace in his native country'. Gom- 1543-50). Grove Fc'tis Buruey, Hist, ; ;
bert was Josquin 's best pupil and the lead- of Music, iii. 302 Neues hist, biogr. Lex. ;
ing master of his time, Pctis saj's he was der Touk, ii., Art. Gombertus, col. 357 ;
a precursor of the style of Palestriua, and Die Verd der Niedl. in die Tonk., 35
Ambros that he was gifted with such musi- Geschicht der Europ. abendltind., etc., 56 ;
cal prescience as should ever make his name Cat. der Samml. alter Mus., 30 Naumann ;
respected. He was particularly renowned (Ouseley), i. 343, 300.

for his fugues (canons), though his style is GOjMEZ, ANTONIO CARLOS, born, of
more inclined to the sentimental than to Portuguese parents, at
that of the severe contrapuntists of his Campiuas, Brazil, July
time, and he excelled in chamber and sec- 11, 1839, still living,
ular music. He delighted especially in 1889. Dramatic com-
secular music, and chose pastoral subjects, poser, sent to Europe
treating them much as Haydu and Mozart by the Emjseror, and
did in later times. His music is descrip- received his musical ed-
tive and his style delightfully fresh and sim- ucation at the Conser-
jile. His love of nature is apparent iu the vatorio of Milan, under
titles of his songs Eu ce mois delicieux, Rossi. Though he had
:
joyeux verger Le chant des oiseaux previously produced in Rio Janeiro, iu 1861,
;
;
Leto chaud bouilloit Je m'en vois au vert a Portuguese operetta iu three acts entitled
;
bois ;etc. His music is found in all the A noite de castello, his first success was a
collections of the time. Eitner's Biblio- little piece entitled Se sa miuga, in the Mi-
graphie der Musik-Sammelwerke (Berlin, lanese patois, given at the Teatro Fossati iu
1877) gives a list of nearly 250 of his
com- 1807. Its popularity was largely due to a
positions, printed iu ninety different col- song on the ueedle-gun, which had an im-
lections between 1529 and 1573. Fetis mense success, coming as it did immedi-
also gives a long list of his works, with the ately after the Sadowa campaign. His next
names of the collections in which they are opera, II Guaranij, produced at La Scala
found, such as Motetti del Trutto (1538- March 19, 1870, was also very successful,
39); Fior di Motetti (Venice, 1539) Ec- and was afterwards played in Genoa, Flor-
;
:
GOMEZ
ence, Komc, and in London in 1872. His library of the University of Cracow they ;
works since then have not had any success, have been arranged in modern notation by
being obviously iudebted for their inspira- Zandmann, and Sowinski gives five of them
tion to Verdi and Meyerbeer, and having in Les Musiciens polouais. Other works by
little of the original flavour of II Guaranij. this comjjoser jaerished, as printing was
Later works Fosca, Milan, 1873 Salvator then unknown, and there were few maitrises
: ;
Rosa, Genoa, 1871: ]\Iaria Tudor, four acts, or collections of musical works in the
;
text by Braga, Rome, Dec. 8, 1877 II saluto churches of Poland. Fetis Sowinski, Mus.
;
;
del Brasile, ode, performed at the Centen- pol., 221 Mendel, iv. 299. ;
ni:d Exhibition, Philadeljihia, 187G. Fetis, GONZ.iLEZ Y RODRIGUEZ, JOSlfi

Supplement, i. 31)9 ; Grove. MARIA, born at Alcala, Spain, Feb. 5, 1822,
GOMEZ, EUGENIO, born at Alcaniz, still living, 1880. Organist, j)upil in Ma-
Spain, in 1802, still living, 1880. Pianist drid of Roman Jimeno
an organist at the
;
and organist, chorister in the cathedral, jiu- age of eighteen, and professor in 1844-67
pil of Luis Blasco and Manuel Dancha. in the Madrid Conservatorio. Works
When twelve years old he was second organ- Masses Motets Litanies Organ music. ; ; ;
ist, and subsecjueutly organist, of the Cathe- Fetis, Supplement, i. 400 Mendel, Er- ;
dral of SevUlc. Works Pianoforte music giiuz., 130.

:
;
Organ music Repertorio de organistas (3

;
GOODGROOME, JOHN, born in Eng-
vols.).
Ft'tis, Supplement, i. 300 Mendel, land about 1G30, died, June 27, 1704. A
;
Ei-gauz., 130. chorister of St. George's Chapel, Windsor,

GOmS, JOSEPH MELCHIOR, born at he was appointed in IGGO gentleman of the
Auteniente, Valencia, in 1703, died in Paris, Chapel Royal, and in 1GG4 became musician
July 26, 183G. He became professor of in ordinary to the king. Some of his songs
vocal music, when sixteen years old, in the apjseared in the Treasury of Music (IGGO).
religious house where he was educated, and Grove ; Hawkins, History, v. 18 ; Men-
when twenty-one chef of an artillery baud del.
in Valencia. In 1817 he went to Madrid, GOOD SHEPHERD, THE, cantata, mu-
brought out several ojieras, and was made sic bj' William Smyth Roekstro, composed
band master in the royal guards. In 1823 in 1885.
he went to Paris, and in 182G to Loudon, GOPFERT, KARL ANDREAS, born at
where he taught singing. Works Ope- Rimpar, near Wiirzburg, Jan. 16, 1768,
ras La aldcana, Madrid, about 1818 Le
: ; died in Meiuingen, April 11, 1818. After
diable a Seville, Opera Comique, Paris, studying the jîanoforte, organ, and singing,
1831 Le revenant, ib., 1833 Le portefais,
; he took up the clarinet under Meissner, and
;
ib., 183.5 Rock-le-Barbu, ib., 183G. L'inin 1788 became fir.st clarinetist in the court
;
verno, quartet for voices, with orchestral orchestra of Meiuingen and soon after mu-
accompaniment, given at the Philharmonic sic director of the military corps there. He
concerts, London Songs Boleros. ; Fetis ;
wrote an opera, Der Stern des Nordens, ;
Larousse Mendel, iv. 207 do., Ergiiuz, songs, and much music for clariuet and
; ;
130. other wind instruments. Mendel ; Fetis ;
GOMOLKA, NICOLAS, born at Jas- Schilling ; Riemaun.

lowiec, Poland, died in Chorawla, March 5, GOPFERT, KARL GOTTLIEB, born at
IGOO. Church composer, studied in Italy, Weesenstein, near Dresden, in 1733, died
it is supposed under Palestrina. He wrote in Weimar, Oct. 3, 1708. Violiu virtuoso,
music for the psalms translated into Polish puj)il at the Kreuzschule and a choir-boy
b_v Kochanowski, a celebrated poet (1580). in Dresden studied the violin while at ;
A copy of these psalms is preserved in the Leipsic University, and was intlueuced in
170
GORDIGIANI
1764 in Frankfort-on-the-Maiu by Ditters- other languages. They were published iu
dorf. After playing in concerts in Leipaic parts of eight or ten each, with characteris-
in 17G5-69, he remained in Berlin a year, tic titles, such as In cima al monte Le far- : ;
and settled in Weimar as chamber musi- falle di Firenze In rival al Aruo Mosaico ; ;
cian, becoming later orchestral director and Etrusco, etc. He published also a collec-
Conzertmeister. His best pupil was J. F. tion of Tuscan airs with accompaniment, in
Kranz. He published six polonaises for three books. His romances L' innamo- :
violin. Mendel ; Schilling. rata, L' esule, La gondoliera, La selva ; his

GORDIGIANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, ariettas : L' amor and La danza, tranquillo
born in Mantua, Italy, in July, 1795, died are perfect of their kind and have enjoyed
in Prague, March 2, 1871. Dramatic com- a wide celebrity. His stornelli are full of
poser, son and pupil of Antonio Gordigiani, a joyous originality, which also found vent
and pupil also at the Milan Conservatorio. in his clever parodies of Norma, Parisina,
After serving in orchestras in Florence and Sonnambula, etc. Works Operas Faus- :
teaching in Ratisbou he went in 1822 to to, given at the Pergola, Florence, 1837 ;
Prague, where he was maestro of the Coii- Filippo, text by Prince Poniatowski, and
servatorium until his death. Works Pim- performed by him and his family, privately,
:
maglione, opera, given in Prague, 18-45 ;

Florence, 1840
Gli Aragonesi in Napoli, ;
Consuelo, opera, Prague, 1846 ; Cluirch mu-

1841 I ciarlatani, Teatro Leo-
Pergola, ib., ;
sic Canzonets 12 cavalry marches Songs, poldo, Florence, 1843 Una vendetta corsa,
; ; ; ;
etc. Fetis, iv. 58 do.. Supplement, i. 401

; Florence, 1847 Un eredita in Cor.sica, ib.,
; ;
Mendel. 1847. Fetis, iv. 58 do.. Supplement, i. ;
GORDIGIANI, LUIGI, born in Florence, 401 Grove Larousse. ; ;
June 12, 1806, died there, April 30, 1860. GORIA, ALEXANDRE I^:D0UARD, born
Dramatic composer, brother of the preced- in Paris, Jan. 21, 1823, died there, July 6,
ing sometimes called the Italian Schubert. 1860. Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire
;
After travelling and singing with his father in 1830-39, on the pianoforte of Laurent and
he studied the pianoforte iu Brescia with Zimmerman, and in harmony of Dourlen.
Gara, in Rome with Sirletti, in Pisa with He won the 2d prize for pianoforte in 1834,
Benvenuti, and learned accompaniment un- and the 1st prize in 1835. After leaving
der Romani and composition under Ugolini. the Conservatoire he taught the pianoforte
At the age of thirteen ho comjiosed a can- and comjiosed for it about one hundred
tata, II ratto d' Etruria, which he dedicated pieces, such as caprices, nocturnes, solos de
to the Emperor of Austria. After the death concert, etc. One of his best compositions
of his father, in 1820, ho made a living by is a fautaisie on Schubert's Des Miidchen's
writing pianoforte pieces, under such pseu- Klage. Fetis ; Larousse.
donyms as Zeuner and von Fiir.stenberger. GOSS, Sir JOHN, born at Fareham,
He devoted himself next to dramatic com- Hants, England, December, 1800, died iu
position and wrote several operas, some of London, ]May 10, 1880. Organist, son of
which were produced at difleront theatres Joseph Goss, organist of Fareham one of ;
in Florence. But he is best known for his the children of the Chajjel Royal under John
Canti popolari and his Canzonette for voice Stafford Smith, iu 1811, and subsequently a
and pianoforte, melodies of a sentimental pupil of Atwood. In 1824 he became or-
and usually a mournful cast, in the style of ganist of the new Church of St. Luke, Chel-
or actually founded on old Italian national sea,and in 1838 he succeeded Atwood as
tunes, and sometimes set to words of his organist of St. Paul's Cathedral.He was
own. These, of which there are more than appointed one of the composers of the
three hundred, have been translated into Chapel Royal to succeed Knyvett in 1856 ;
GOSSEC
was knighted in 1872, ancl resigned his ap- form were published in 1754, five years 1)0-
pointment at St. Pauls shortly afterwards. fore Haydn wrote his first symphonj'. The
Mus. Doc, Cambridge, 187G. Works An- value of Gossec's symj)honies was not appre-
thems If we believe that Jesus died (for ciated at first, but after several years his
:
funeral of Duke of Wellington, Nov. 22, vigorous harmony and orchestration found
1852) Bless the Lord,
; my soul (bicen- approval in the ears of the public, and the
tenary festival of Sons of the Clergy) The overtures of Lulli and Rameau were found ;
Lord is my strength, and a Te Deum (for to be dull and tame by comparison. When
Thanksgiving in St. Paul's, Feb. 27, 1872, Rameau, in his old age, stopped writing for
for recovery of Prince of Wales) The Wil- the stage, Gossec entered the household of
;
derness O give thanks unto the Lord Al- the Prince de Conti as conductor of the
; ;
mighty and merciful God Blessed is the prince's orchestra, where he had much lei-
;
man Christ our Passover I heard a voice sure for composition. His first quartets ap-
; ;
from heaven And the king said to all the peared in 1759, and his Requiem (probably
;
people etc. ; Church service in A Burial his most famous work) was given with over-
;
service in E minor Cantate Domino and whelming success, and published in 1760.
;
Deus misereatur in C Magnificat and Nunc In 1764 his first opera, Le Faux Lord, was
;
dimittis in E Overtures for orchestra Or- given at the Comedie Italienne.

; His Les;
gan music Glees and madrigals Songs, Pccheurs was given on April 8, 176G, and
; ;
etc. He published also Parochial Psalmody ran for nearly the remainder of the year.
(London, 1827) The Organist's Companion In 1770 Gossec founded the Concert des
;
(4 vols.) Introduction to Harmony and Amateurs, the orchestra being conducted

;
Thorough-Bass (18:53, many ed.) Chants, by the famous Chevalier de Saint-Georges.

;
ancient and modern (1811).

Grove Fi'tis; This, the first impulse given to fine orches-
;
Brown. tral playing in France, is to be ascribed
GOSSEC, FRANgOIS JOSEPH (prop- mainly to Gossec. But his greatest service
erly Gosso), born at to the cause of music in France was his
Vergnies in the Hai- founding of the eole Royale de Chant (the
naut, Jan. 17, 1733, first beginning of the Conservatoire), in
died at Passy, Feb. 1784. 'Wlien the Conservatoire itself was
1(5, 1829. The son founded, in 1795,Gossec was made one of
of a small farmer, the inspectors. During the Revolution he
he became in 1740 was conductor of the band of the Garde
a choir-boy at the Nationale, and wrote much music for the
Cathedral, public fetes.
Antwei-j) He was a member of the In-
where he remained stitut from its foundation (1795), and che-
until 1748. In 1751 valier of the Legion of Honour (1812). He
he went to Paris, where he became ac- retired from his professorship at the Con-
quainted with Rameau, and was apjiointed servatoire in 1815, but continued to attend
by the fermier-gc-nural La Pojielinii're to di- the meetings of the Academic des Beaux-
rect his private orchestra. Under the eyes Arts until 1823. Gossec was a man of great
of Rameau, then at the height of his fame, talent, perseverance, insight, and enterprise
Gossec made his first appearance before the rather than a man of great genius. Bj' hard
Paris public. The low condition of instini- and intelligent work he raised himself from
mental music in France excited his am- a position of absolute obscurity to the rank
bition to lead it into higher paths, and he of a classic comjjoser, and this, too, with
may aptl}' be called the father of the sym- hardly any instruction. He enjoyed im-
phony in France. His first works in this mense i:)opularity, but had the misfortune
172
; ;
CtOSWIN
to see himself surpassed in almost every ose de Voltaire ; do. do Rousseau etc. In- ;
dej)artment by his younger contemporaries. strumental music : La chasse, and 25 other

Like most innovators who flourish at the symphonies for full orchestra 3 do. for ;
jjoiut of contact of two distinct periods in wind instruments Symphonic concertante ;
art, he saw his original ideas laid hold of for eleven instruments ; Several overtures ;
and vastly improved upon by others. Thus

Haydn and Mozart far surjjassed him in the
sj-mphony and in sacred composition, as
Grt'try and Gluek did on the stage. His
popularity, fully deserved as it was, was
thus destined to be but short-lived. There
is an oil portrait of hiui in the Conservatoire
library at Paris, besides which there is a serenades for violin, flute, horn, bassoon,
small engraving by Fremy (after Brun), and viola, and ba.ss ;
Quartets, trios, and duos
a bust by Caillouetc. A monument to his for strings. Pierre Hedouin, Gossec, sa vie,
memory was erected at Vergnies in 1877. etc. (Valenciennes, 1852) ; Notice by Edou-
Works
Ojjeras 1. Le faux lord, Paris, ard Gregoire in ''La Fedt'ration " news-
:
Theatre Italien, 17C4 2. Les pccheurs, paj)er (Brussels, Nov. 20, 1875) Charles
; ;
ib., 176G 3. Le double deguisemeut, ib., Plot, " Particularites inedites concernant les
;
1707 4. Toinon et Toinettc, ib., June 20, ceuvres musicales de Gossec et Philidor,"
;
1707 5. Sabinus, Opera, Feb. 22, 1773 Bulletins de I'Acadomie Royale de Belgique,
; ;
C. Berthe (in collaboration with Philidor 2d series (1872), xl. No. 1 (also printed sep-
and Botson), Brussels, Jan. IS, 1775 7. arately in pamphlet form) Clement, Mus. ;
;
Alexis et Da^^hnr, Paris, Opera, Sept. 20, ct'K'bres, 137 Gregoir, Notice sur G. (1878) ;
1775 8. FldU'inon et Baucis, ballet, ib., Fetis do., Sui3ijh'ment, i. 403.

;
;
Sept. 2G, 1775; 9. Hylas et Sylvie, ib., GOSWIN, ANTON (Antonius Gostuinus),
1770 10. La file de village, ib.. May 20, German composer of the latter part of the
;
1778 11. Thesee, ib., Feb. 20, 1782 12. 10th century. He was in the royal chapel
; ;
Clioruses to Rocheforfs "Electre," at court, in ^Munich then became Kapellmeister suc- ;
January, 1783 13. liosine, ou IV'pouse aban- cessively to the Bishoj)s of Liege, Hildes-
;
donnoe, Opera, July 14, 1780 14. Choruses heim, and Freising, and finally to the Count
;
to Racine's " Athalie," Theatre Frau(;ais, Palatine, Ernst bei Rhein. He composed
1791 ; 15. L'ofirande a la patrie. Opera, madrigals and sacred songs. Mendel Fe- ;
Oct. 2, 1792 10. Le camp de Grandpre, ou tis

; Allgem. d. Biogr. ;
le triomphe de la reisublique, ib., Jan. 27, GOTT, BEI DEINEM STARKEN

1793 17. La reprise de Toulon, ib., 1790 18. SCHUTZEN, bass aria in G minor, with ac-
; ;
Les sabots et le cerisier. Theatre des Jeunes companiment of 2 oboes and continuo, in
iSleves, Dec. 13, 1803 19. Le Perigourdin, Johanu Sebastian Bach's cantata for Dom.
;
at the palace of the Prince de Conti, (?) IV. jjost Epij^h., " Wiir' Gott nicht mit uns
20. Nitocris, unfinished. Oratorios : L'arche diese Zeit " published separately, with ad-
;
dalliance; To, Natimte ; Saiil. Church mu- ditional accompaniments by Robert Franz,
sic Masses with orchestra Mesxe des morts
: by F. Whistling, Leipsic, 1800.
;
;
Motets Te Deum O Salutaris. Music for

; ; GOTTERDAMMERUNG (Dusk of the
patriotic festivals Chant du 14 juillet :Gods), music drama in a prologue and three ;
Chant martial Hymne a I'Etre supreme acts, by Richard Wagner, first represented
;
;
do. a la Nature do. a I'Humanite do. a la at Bayreuth, Aug. 17, 1870.

; ; The fourth
Liberte and several others. Serment re- and last drama in Der Bing des Nibelungen.
;
publicaiu Chujurs et chants pour I'apothe- The original cast was as follows
; :
1T3
GOTTERDAMMERUNG
Siegfried (T.) Hen- Unger. hero forget Briinnbilde, and love Gutrune.
Gunther (Bar.) Herr Gura. Siegfried sues forthwith for Gutrune's
Hagen (B.) Herr von Eeicheuberg. band Guntber promises ber to him, if be
;
Albericli (Bar.) Herr Hill. will fii'st help him win Briinnbilde for his
Briiuubilde (S.). . .Fraii Friedrich-Materna. wife. Siegfried consents, and, disguising
Gutrune (S.) Frl. Weckerlin. himself as Gunther, bj' means of tbe Tarn-
Waltraute (S.) Frau Ja'ida. helm, repairs to tbe Briinubildenstein,
wrenches tbe Ring from Briinnbilde's fin-
Siegfried who, at the close of the tliird
ger, and brings ber captive to Gunther. In
drama, Siegfried, Las wou Briiunbilde, leaves
the second act Siegfried, having doffed the
Tarnhelm, appears in his own shape Briinn- ;
bilde claims him as her husband, but he,

still under the spell of Hagen's potion, dis-
claims all knowledge of her. She espies the

Ring on bis finger, and sees that it was he,
and not Guntber, who brought her by force
from the Briinnbildenstein. Both Gunther
and Briinnbilde think that Siegfried has
wittingly islayed them false, and, stiU further
incited thereto by Hagen, they plot Sieg-
fried's death. In the tbinl act Siegfried,
one of a bunting party, comes to tbe banks
of the Rhine the Rhine-daughters beseech
;
him to restore tbe Ring to them, prophesy-

ing bis death if bo should keep it, but he
refuses to give it uji. He is joined by Gun-
ther, Hagen, and others, and during the
noontide rest Hagen asks him to tell the
story of his life. In the midst of the nar-
rative Hagen offers Siegfried a draught, a
counterpotion to the one given him in the
first act ; tbe young hero, bis memory now
restored, proceeds to tell how he first won
Briinnbilde on the heights of tbe Briinn-
bildenstein (Siegfried, Act iii., Sc. 3). Gun-
ther springs Wotan's ravens
up in horror ;
fly up from a bush hard by, and as Sieg-

Materna, as Bfunnhtlde.
fried, startled by the whir of wings, turns
her on tbe beigbts of tbe Bri'mnhildensteiu, round to look after them, Hagen plunges
giving ber tbe Ring as a pledge of bis his spear into his back. Siegfried dies with
fidelity, and goes out in searcb of new ex- Briinnbilde's name on his lips the men ;
ploits. Arriving at tbe dwelling of Guntber, raise his body upon bis shield, and bear it
tbe Gibicbung, be meets Gutrune, bis sister, home in solemn jirocession. On reaching
and Hagen, bis balf-brotber. Hagen is Al- Gunther's dwelling, Hagen and Gunther
bericb'sson, and is bent ujwn regaining tbe quan-el, and the latter is killed Hagen ;
Ring, robbed from bis father (Rheingoki, tries to take the Ring from Siegfried's fin-
Scene 3). He prepares a potion which, ger, but the dead arm raises itself and warns
handed to Siegfried by Gnti'une, makes the him off with threatening gesture. While
GOTT
Gutrune is bewailing lier hero's death, set to music for four voices by Haydn, in
Brilnubilde appears, and claims liim for her January, 1797, and were sung first on the
owu ; she orders a funeral iJyre to be built, EmjJeror's birthday, Feb. 12, 1797. Haydn
and, as the men lift body njion subsequently used it as a theme for varia-
Siegfried's
it, draws the Ring from his finger and jjuts tions in his Kaiserquartet (op. 7G, No. 3).
it on her owu. She lights the pyre with a
A. Schmid, J. Haydn vmd N. Zingarelli
torch, and, mounting her horse Grane, leaps (Venice, 1817).
into the flames. The Rhine overflows its GOTTES ZEIT 1ST DIE ALLERBESTE
banks into the hall, bearing with it the ZEIT (God's Time is the best of all Time),
Rhine-daughters, who recover the Ring and cantata for soli and chorus, with accomjJani-
drag Hagen, plunging into the waves after ment of two flutes, two viole da gamba, and
them in delirium, down to the depths. A continuo, otherwise called the Actus Tragi-
ruddy glow lights up the northern sky, be- cus, by Johann Sebastian Bach, written at
tokening the end of Valhalla, and the Dusk Weimar, probably in memory of Magister
of the Gods the Ragnaruk of Northern Philipp Grossgebauer, rector of the school
:
mythology. there, who died in 1711. It is sometimes

Of the four Nibelungen dramas, GOtter- called also the Mourning Cantata. Though
diimmerung is the one in which there is the one of the composer's j-outhful comiôsitions,
most of incident and dramatic action. As it has always been a favourite of the best mu-
in all of the dramas of Wagner's third pe- sical critics. Published, edited by Robert
riod, the music is not divided into distinct Franz, by Leuckhart (Leipsic, 1850). Spit-
numbers, but is a continuous working out ta, i. 451 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 33.
;
of characteristic Leitmotivs, most of which GOTT F.IHRET AUF HOT JAUCHZEN,

have already' appeared in the earlier parts of cantata, festo Ascensionis Christi, for soli
the tetralogy.The music after Siegfried's and chorus, with accompaniment of three
death has become familiar in the concert- trumiêts, drums, two oboes, strings com-
room under the misnomer of " Siegfried's plete, and continuo, by Johann Sebastian
Funeral March," and Briinnhilde's last Bach (Bachgesellschaft, No. 43). Publish-
speech over the hero's body, beginning, ed in full and pianoforte score, with ad-
"Schweigt eures Jammers jauchzenden ditional accompaniments by Robert Franz,
Swall !," is frequently given ajjart from the Breslau, Leuckart. Sjjitta, Bach, ii. 550.
rest of the work. The orchestral interlude GOTTH.mD, J. P. (real name Pazdirek),
(scherzo) between the Prologue and Act i., born at Drahauowitz, Moravia, Jan. 19, 1839,
known as Siegfried's Rheiufahrt " (S.'s trip still living, 1889. He was a choir-boj' at
up the Rhine), which was written before the Altwasser, and finally solo so23rano at the
rest of the music, is sometimes played also cathedral in Olmiitz. He attended the gym-
at concerts. Gotterdilmmeruug was first nasium in Vienna, where he was the pupil
given in America at the Metropolitan Opera of Simon Sechter in composition. He
House, New York, Jan. 25, 1888. Krehbiel, founded a musical establishment in 18G8 in
Review (1887-88), 87 for other bibliog-
; Vienna. In his hall he established a series
raphy, see riiuij des Nibelungen. of concerts, where young musicians ap-
GOTT ERHALTE FRANZ DEN KAI- j)eared. Works Mass for soli, chorus and :
SER (God save Franz the Emperor), com- orchestra, op. 6G 14:9th psalm, for do., op.
;
monly called the Emperor's Hymn, the G3 Oft'ertorium, for do., ojj. G5 do. for
; ;
national anthem of Austria. The words soprano and tenor, with strings, 2 horns
were written by Lorenz Leopold Haschka, and organ, op. G7 Graduale, for tenor, ;
in 1796, during the patriotic fervour caused with flute, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns,
by the movements of the French army, were and double-bass, op. 64 Ave Maria, for ;
175
:
GOTT
Tenor solo and male chorus, with organ, original as virtuoso and composer ; and his
op. 39 ; Liebesgliick, song in dance form, music has a colour peculiar to itself. His
for a voice, with orchestra, op. 62 ; Con- numerous compositions, if not deep, are full
cert overture, for orchestra ;
Quintet for of novel accents and unusual rhythmical
jiianoforte and strings, oji. GO ;
Andante combinations, producing an indefinable
ongarese, for string quartet, op. 68 Cho-
; charm ; they are nearly all so-called charac-
ruses for male voices, op. 10, 19, '2i, 32, Si, ter-pieces, and mostly of a national, espe-
35, 38, 41, 46, 69 ; Pianoforte music and cially Spanish tinge, brilliant, and at times
songs. melancholy. Works Charles IX., Isaura :
GOTT 1ST GERECHT, bass aria in B- de Salerno, operas La unit des troisiques, ;
flat, with accompaniment of three oboes symphonj', for grand orchestra ]Monte- ;
and continuo, in Johauu Sebastian Bach's video, do. Grand triumphal march, for ;
cantata for Dom. I post Triuit., " O Ewig- do. Gran marcha solemne, dedicated to ;
keit, du Dounerwort " (Bachgesellschaft, the Emperor of Brazil, for do. Finale con- ;
No. 20) ;
ijublishedwith addi- certante to the opera Charles IX., for do.
sejaarately, ;
tional accompaniments by Kobert Eranz, by Escenas campestres cubanas, for do. Gran ;
F. Whistling, Leipsic, 18(;0. Tarantella, for do. about 90 works for pi- ;
GOTTLOB! NUN GEHT D.LS J.IHR anoforte, a complete list of which is to be

ZU ENDE, soprano aria in A minor, with found in the monographs cited below, and
accompaniment of 2 oboes, taille, strings about a dozen songs. Fors, Gottschalk
I

complete, and continue, in Johann Sebas- (Havana, 1880) R. E. Peterson, Notes of a
j
;
tian Bach's cantata for Dom. post

Nativ. Pianist, etc. (Philadelphia, 1881) Octavia
I
Christi, " Gottlob Nun

gcht das Jahr zu Hensel, Life and Letters of L. M. Gottschalk
!
I
Ende " (Bachgesellschaft, No. 28) published (Boston, 1870).;
separately, with additional acconipaniinents GOTT SEI MIR GNADIG, bass air of
by Robert Franz, by F. AVhistling, Leij)sic, Paulus in Mendelssohn's Jâulus, Part I.
1860. GOTTWALD, HEINRICH, born at
GOTTSCHALK, LOUIS MOREAU, born Reichenbach, Silesia, Oct. 24, 1821, died in
at New Orleans, Breslau, Feb. 17, 1876. Pianist, pupil of
Louisiana, May 8, his father ; entered the seminary in Bres-
1829, died at Rio lau in 1839, but soon left to study under
de Janeiro, Dec. Pixis at the Prague Conservatorium. He
18, 18(19. Pianist, became music director at Hohenelbe, Bo-
Iûpil in Paris of hemia, in 1844 was first horn in a theatre
;
Chai-les Halle and orchestra in Vienna in 1846 retm-ned to ;
of Stamaty on the Hohenelbe in 1847 settled in Breslau as ;
pianoforte, and of pianist, teacher, and writer, in 1857. Works

M a 1 e d e n in har- Symphonies Overtures Masses Music for
; ; ;
mony appeared
; horn and pianoforte. Mendel, iv. 310 Er- ;
first in public
Supplement, i. 404.
in giinz., 131 ; Fi'tis,
184.5, then made a concert tour through GOTTWALD, JOSEPH, born at Wil-
France, Switzerland, and Spain, meeting helmsthal, Glatz, Aug. 6, 1754, died in Bres-
everywhere with brilliant success. Li 1853 lau, June 25, 1833. He became choir-boy
he returned to America, and made a suc- in the Dominican Church of Breslau in 1766,
cessful tour through the United States, organist of the sanie in 1769, organist of the
Cuba, and South America, whither he went Kreuzkirche in 1783, and of the cathedral
from San Francisco in 1865. Endowed in 1819. Works -Masses Hj-mns Vespers, : ; ;
with a poetic imagination, he was equally and other church music. Mendel Fetis. ;
ne

GOTZE
GOTZE, HEINKICH, born at AYaitba, nic poem, op. 20 ; Orchestral, pianoforte,
Silesia, April 7, 1836, still liviug, 1889. Li- and vocal music. Riemann
Mendel. ;
strumental composer, pujiil of Mosewius GOUDIMEL, CLAUDE, born at Vaison,

and Baumgart, then at the Conservatoriuiu, near Avignon, Frauce, probably about 1505,
Leipsic, of Frauz Gutze iu singing losing ; killed at Lyons iu the massacre on St. Bar-
liis voice, be devoted himself to teaching tholomew's Day, Aug. 24, 1572. Of his early
and composition, went first to Russia as life nothing is known he went to Rome
;
musical tutor, then lived for some years at and established a music school there, cer-
Breslau, and in 1871 became instructor tainly before 1540. Li 1555 he had returned
of music at the seminary at Liebenthal, to France, and was partner of Nicolas Du-
Silesia. Among his compositions are es- chemiu, book and music publisher in Paris.
pecially noteworthy two serenades, and The partnershijD was dissolved iu the follow-
six sketches for string orchestra, and a ing year. Iu 1562 he jjublished his set-
pianoforte trio. Mendel, Ergiiuz., 129 ting of the Psalms in four-voice counter-
;
Riemann. point on cantus firmi taken from Calviuistic

GOTZE, JOHANN NICOLAUS KON- melodies. It is very doubtful, however, if
RAD, born at Weimar, Feb. 11, 1791, died Goudimel was himself a Protestant. His
there, Dec. 5, 1861. Violinist, pujnl iu Psalms had the authorization of the Sor-
Gotha of Spohr, iu Weimar of August Miil- bonne (Oct. 16, 1561), and were actually
ler, and at the Paris Conservatoire iu 1813 used iu Catholic public worship. His being
of Kreutzer and Cherubini. After leaving included iu the St. Bartholomew proscrip-
the Conservatoire he settled in Weimar, tion was probably due to the machinations
making jjrofessional journeys to Vienna and of envious rivals. Goudimel wrote almost
other cities. Iu 1826-18 he was director entirely for the church his works are nota-
;
of the Court Theatre at Weimar. Works ble for a peculiar charm and grace of style,
Operas Der Markt, Weimar, 1819 Alex-
: ; remindiug one more of Costanzo Festa than
ander iu Persieu, ib., 1820 Das Orakel iu ; of his other great coutemiôraries Hobrecht
Delphi, three acts, ib., 1822 ; Der Gallego, and Arcadelt. His fame as a teacher has,
four acts, ib., 1834. He wrote also the somewhat unjustly, thrown his reputation
music for several vaudevilles and melo- as a composer iuto the shade. Probably
dramas Overtures for orchestra Quartet
; ;
no man ever formed so many great pupils,
for stringed instruments, op. 2 ; 3 other among them being Palestrina, Giovanni
quartets for do., op. 5 ; Variations for vio- Animuccia, Steftano Bettiui, Giovanni Maria
lin with accompaniment ; 3 trios for two Nanini, and Alessandro della Viola. Am-
violins and %dolonceUo ; Pianoforte music ;
bros, iii. 578.
Songs, etc. Fctis ; Larousse. GOULD, NATHANIEL (DUREN), born
GOTZE, KARL, boru in Weimar iu 1836, iu Chelmsford (now Bedford), Massachu-
died at Magdeburg, Jan. 14, 1887. Dra- setts, March 26, 1781, died in Boston, May
matic composer, j)upil of TOpfer and Geb- 28, 1864. He studied vocal music under
hardi, and later of Liszt. He became Cor- Reuben Emerson, established his first sing-
repetitor of the Weimar Opera iu 1855, ing school iu Stoddard, N. H., iu 1798, and
then theatre Kapellmeister in Magdeburg, for twenty years conducted singing schools
iu Berlin in 1869, in Breslau in 1872, and in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. In
in Chemnitz from 1875.
Works Operas 1806 his name was changed from Duren to :
Eine AbschiedsroUe, Die Korseu, Weimar, Gould. About 1807 was formed the Mid-
1866 Gustav Wasa, der Held des Nordens, dlesex Musical Society, of which he was
;
text by Rost, ib., 1868; Judith, Magde- conductor for several years. In 1819 he '
burg, 1887. Eine Sommernacht, sympho- removed to Boston, and taught vocal music '
;
GOULLEY
there and in New York for ten years. He religious work which first brought him
then returned to Boston, where he jJassed into universal notice, after one of Hullah's
the rest of his Ufe as a professional penman. concerts in London,
He edited the following works :
" Social 1851, in which parts
Harmony " (1823) " National Church Har-
; of his Messe so-
mony " (1832) " Sacred Minstrel " (1839)
; leunelle wei'e per-
" Companion for the Psalmist " (1853). He formed. In the
was the author also of a Look entitled same year he made
" Church Music in America." his debut at tlie
GOULLEY (Goule), JACQUES NICO- Opera with Sapho,
LAS, born at Saint-Jean du Cardonnay and in 1852 was
about 1774, died at Rouen, May 30, 1818. made director of
Church composer, pupil of Cordonnier and Orpheon, the
the
Broche at the Maitrise of Rouen Cathedral, great union of the
where Boieldieu was his fellow pupil. Com- male singing societies and vocal schools of
posed his first mass, with orchestral accom- Paris, which position he held for eight years.
paniment, at fifteen. His motet, lucipite In 1859 he won his greatest triumph with
Domino, with full orchestra, was considered Faust, Avhich bore his fame into all coun-
a fine work. He excelled in romances for tries of Europe, and continues to be his
3 or 4 voices one of these, O ma j)atrie, O
; masterpiece, although his Romeo et Juliette
mon bonheur, was very popular. Fctis, (1867) is ranked even higher in France.
Supplement, i. 405 Mendel, Ergiinz., 131.
; The war of 1870 caused his removal to Lon-
GOUNOD, CHARLES (FRANCOIS), don, where ho founded the choral union
born in Paris, June Gounod's Choir, with whom he gave con-
17, 1818, stm hving, certs in 1875 he returned to Paris, where,
;
1889. Dramatic after producing several new operas, the

composer ; g r a d u- success of which never equalled that of
ated at the Lycc'e Faust, he devoted himself almost exclu-
Saint-Louis, and in sively to sacred composition in the larger
1836 entered the forms. Gounod's genius is eminently ele-
C(jnservatoire, where giac and poetic, with a tinge of mysticism ;
he became a pupil he is a consummate master of the orchestra,

of Haluvy in coun- in his treatment of which he evinces consid-
terpoint, and of Paer erable individuality. Member of the Insti-
and Lesueur in composition. In 1837 he tute of France ; Commander of the L. of
won the second prize for composition, and in Honour. "Works Operas: Sapho, given at
1839 the prix de Rome, with the cantata the OiJcra, April IG, 1851 La nonne. san-
;
Fernand. During his three years' residence glante, Oct. 18, 1854 ; Le medecin malgre
in Rome he studied the style of Palestrina, lui, oiJcra-comique, Theilti-e Lyriquc, Jan.
brought out a mass in S. Luigi de' Francesi 15, 1858 ;FausI, ib., March 19, 1859, and
in 1841, and a Requiem in Vienna, 1842, and with considerable modifications. Opera,
after his return to Paris became organist and March 3, 1809 Philemon et Baucis, The-
;
maitre de chapelle of the ^Missions etran- atre Lyi'ique, Feb. 18, 1860, Opera Co-
n-eres. At that time he attended theologi- mique (reduced to 2 acts), 1876 La vo- ;
cal lectures, and came near taking holy loinbe, opera-comique, Baden, 1860, Opera
orders but suddenly a change took place

;
Comique, June 7, 1866 La reine de Saba,
;
in his musical aspirations, which led him to Opera, Feb. 29, 18()2 Mireilh; Theatre
;
dramatic composition. It was, however, a Lyrique, March 19, 1804, Opera Comique
ITS
; ;
GOUVY
(reduced to 4 November, 1874 Pio- acts), ; nette, do. Dodelinette, berceuse for do.
;
mk> Theatre Lyrique, April 27,

et Juliette, (4 hands) Methode de cor a pistons.
;
1867 Cinq-'Mars, Opera Comique, April

; Vocal 12 choruses for 3-G voices Choeurs
:
;
5, 1877; Pohjeude, Opera, Oct. 7, 1878; orpheoniques, for 4 male voices Dans uue ;
Georges Dandin, not performed Le tribut ; etable, chorus with orchestra Les Gaulois, ;
de Zamora, April 1, 1881. Other dramatic do. ;

En avant chanson militaire, for solo
!,
music Choruses to Ponsard's tragedy

: and chorus, with orchestra Chants lyriques ;
Cli/sse, Comedie Frauâise, June 18, 1852 de Saiil Pastorale sur un Noel du dix- ; ;
do., and incidental music to Legouve's huitieme siecle, chorus with orchestra
drama Les deux reines de France, Theatre Choruses dedicated to the Albert Hall Cho-
Ventadour, Nov. 27, 1872 do. to Barbier's ral Society 20 melodies for voice and pi-; ;
drama Jeanne d'Arc, Theatre de la Gaite, anoforte (Paris, Choudens) do., 2d col. ; ;
Nov. 8, 1873. Sacred music Mass for do., 3d col. :

;
3 voices and orchestra, Rome, 1841

quiem, Vienna, St. Charles's, 1842
Re- do., 4th col.
Messe 15 duets for ^ rZtu.rx^ ;
; \
^
^f -
^
solennelle, Paris, Saint-Eustache, 1849 do. (m o s 1 1 y ;
Missa brevis Second Requiem mass Two extracts from his operas) Biondina,
; ; ;
masses Messe du Sacre-Coeur de Jesus, 12 melodies to Italian f)oems by Zaf-

;
for 4 voices, chorus, orchestra, and organ, fira Many other French, English, and ;
Paris, Saint-Eustaclie, 187G Stabat Jlatcr Italian songs. Autobiograjihie de Ch. Gou- ; ;
Tubie, oratorio Lcs sept paroles du Christ
; nod, etc. (London, W. Reeves, 1875) L'Art, ; ;
MasSj Angeli custodes Pater uoster I'res April 1 and 8, 1877 Claretie, Portraits
; ; ;
du fleuve etranger, chorus with orchestra contemporains (Paris, 1875) Clement, ; ;
Ji'sus de Nazareth Ave verum O saluta- Mus. celebres, G24

; Fetis do., Supple- ; ; ;
ris, for solo voice, with chorus and organ ment, i. 405 Mendel. ;
Te Deum ; Jesus sur le lac de Tiberiade, GOm'Y, (LOUIS) THEODORE, born,

scene for baritone solo, chorus, and orches- of French parents, atGoffontaine, near Saar-
tra, Paris, 187G ; Magnificat ; Vexilla regis ;
briick, Rlienish Prussia, July 2, 1819, still
Christus faetus est ; Sis cantiques, for solo living in Paris, 1889. Pianist ; after a
or chorus ; Messe solennelle, Sainte-Cecile, course of study at the Metz Gymnasium he
Paris, 1882 ; La 1840 to Paris to study law, but
Redemption, oratorio, went in
Birmingham Festival, August, for music studied composition 1882 ; jl/b>-.s gave it up ;
et vita, do., ib., 1885. Cantatas Fernand under Elwart three years, then studied in :
(1839) ; A
la frontiere, Paris, Opera, 1870 Berlin, and later in Italy fifteen months. ;
OaUia, biblical elegy, for chorus, soli, and In 184G he returned to Paris, where he has
orchestra, for the opening of the Interna- since resided as a teacher and composer.
tional Exhibition, London, Royal Albert He gave his first concert in Paris in 1847,
Hall, Maj' 1, 1871. Instrumental music when the orchestra of the Theatre Italien :
Symphony in D do. in E-flat La reine played his second symphony, op. 9. The
; ;
des Apotres, symphony Marche romaine Societe des Concerts of the Union Musicale
;
;
Prelude de Bach, orchestrated. Concert played his music in 1848 and it had a warm
populaire, Dec. 8, 18G7 Meditation sur le reception, and since 1850 the different mu-
;
ler prelude de Bach, for sojjrano, violin, sical societies of Paris, notably that of Sainte-
pianoforte, and organ Le calme, for violin Cecile, and the society of the young stu-
;
solo, with orchestra Romances sans pa- dents of the Conservatoire h.ave played his
;
roles, for pianoforte 10 morceaux ori- works every year. His puljlished and un-
;
ginaux, for do. Marche pontifieale, do. published works extend to op. 75, and con-
;
;
Valses, do. Convoi funebre d'une mario- tain more than 200 numbers. Works Cid,
; :
1T9
,
GOW
opera, 1863 ; Aslega, lyric-dramatic scene ;
Waterloo, directed German opera in Posen.
Golgotha, cantata ; Eequiem Mass ; Stabat In 1821 he returned to Bonn, and took
Mater Friihlings Erwacben, for male cho-
; charge of his dead father's brewery in 1824,
rus, soprano solo, and orchestra, op. 73 6 ; without giving up music entirely. He com-
symphonies for full orchestra 2 concert ; posed the oratorio, Salomo's Urtheil, the
overtures String quartets and a quintet
; ; cantata, An words by Lud-
die Hoffnung, to
5 pianoforte trios and cue quintet 18 ser- ; wig, King and other vocal and
of Bavaria,
enades for pianoforte solo Sonatas for pi- ; instrumental music. Mendel Fetis. ;
anoforte, choruses, songs, and other pieces GRABEN-HOFFMANN ( H o ff m a n n )

iu large numbers.
Fctis do., Sujjplement, ; GUSTAV, born at
i. -110 Grove Mendel lliemann.
; ; ; Bnin, near Posen,
GOW, NEIL, born at luver, near Dun- March 7, 1820, still
keld, Perthshire, Scotland, March 22, 1727, living, 1889. After
died thei-e, March 1, 1807. Violinist, self- studying at the semin-
taught until the age of thirteen, when he ary of Bromberg, he
received lessons from John Cameron, a became a teacher near
retainer of the Stewart family of Grand- and in Posen and in ;
tull\'. He became noted for his iêrform- 1813 went to Berlin

ance of Scotch tunes, especially reels and and was a pupil of the
strathspeys, and he pei-formed at most of singer Stiimer. He
the fashionable balls and assemblies of his founded a ladies' singing academy in Pots-
time, supported by his brother Donald on dam, studied composition under Hauptmanu
the violoncello. He published six collec- in Leipsic, settled iu Dresden as teacher of
tions of strathspey reels, and A Complete singing in 18.^)8, in Schwerin in 18G8, La
Repositoiy of the Original Scotch Slow Berlin in 1870, and returned to Dresden in
Tunes, Strathspeys, and Dances, many of 1873 settled at Potsdam, 1885. He has ;
which were of his own composition. His composed 95 books of songs and other mu-
four sons, Nathaniel, Andrew, John, and sic, and has written several works on vocal
William, were all violinists, and noted in instruction. His ballad, 500,000 Teufel,
their day. Nathaniel (17G6-1831), pupil was veiy popular and often translated.
of his father, and also of E. M'Intosh, I\Ieudel
Brockhaus, ix. 300 Riemann, ; ;
M'Glashan, and J. Keinagle, edited The 327 Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 411. ;
Beauties of Neil Gow (Edinburgh), in six GR.YBU (Grabut), LOUIS, French com-
books, comprising chiefly the comjDOsitions poser, living in London about 1680. He
of Neil Gow and his sons, and several otlier wrote the music for Drvden's Albion and
collections of Scotch melodies. Among his Albinus, 1G85, printed in London (1GS7).
airs. Caller Hen-iu' is one of the most pop- Choron calls him chapel-master to Charles
ular. Neil Gow, Jr. (1795-1823), son of H. and director of Covent Garden Theatre,
Nathaniel, was the composer of Cam' ye by and says that the first opera played in Lon-
Athol ?, Flora Maedouald's Lament, and don, Ariadne, or the Marriage of Bacchus
Bonnie Prince Charlie. Grove Brown. (1674), was by him, but this account has no
;
GRABELER, PETER, born in Bonn, Aug. real foundation. FOtis ; Burney, Hist., iv.
10, 179G, died there, Dec. IG, 1830. Violin- 194 ; Mendel.
ist, ^slaved when ten years old in an orches- GRADEHAND, FRIEDRICH, born at
tra of his native city ; learned several other Brehna, Prussian Saxonj', Dec. 24, 1812,
instruments, and in theory was the pupil of died in Leipsic, June 2, 1842. Organist,
Stegmann. He became a bandmaster in pupil at the Thomasschule, Leipsic, of
the Prussian Army, and, after the battle of Weinlig ; organist of the Church of St.
;
GRADENER
Georg, Leijisic. Works : Symphony ; Mo- mance for violin with orchestra. Mendel ;
tets ; Organ pieces. Fetis

Mendel. Riemann.
;
GRADENER, HERMANN, born at Kiel, GRADENTHALER (not Gnadenthaler),

Germany, May 8, 1844, still living, 1889. HIERONYMUS, German composer of the
Organist, son and pupil of Karl Griideuer, 17th century. He was organist in Ratisbon,
and at the Conservatorium in Vienna or- and composed several collections of sacred ;
ganist at Gumpeudorf (Vienna), 1862, vio- and secular songs. Fetis; Gerber, N. Lex.;
linist in the court orchestra, 1804, instructor Mendel.
of harmony at Horak's jnanoforte school, GRADUS AD PARNASSUM, a series of
and for some years past at the Conservato- 100 instructive studies for the pianoforte,
rium. Works Capriccio for orchestra,
: op. by Clementi, dedicated to the Princess
4; Sinfonietta, for do., op. 14; Eiue Lusl- Wolkonska. Some of these exercises had
s^jiW-Ouvertiire, for do., op. 28 Octet for been published previously, and were revised
;
strings, op. 12 Quintet for do., op. 23

;
and extended for this collection. Three ;
do. for pianoforte and strings, op. 6 Trio sonatas, op. 50, are dedicated to Cherubini. ;
for do., op. 1 .5 impromptus for do., op. Published by Ricordi (Milan, 1817). Cle-
;
11 5 intermezzi for violin and pianoforte, menti published an appendix to the Gradus,
;
op. 9 Sonata for two pianofortes, op. 18 containing 134 exercises, gavottes, gigues,
; ;
Other pianoforte jaieces and songs. airs with variations, etc., chiefly by other
GEADENER, KARL G. P., born at Ros- composers, to which he wrote preludes.

tock, Jan. 14, 1812, Selections from the Gradus, for advanced
ilied in Hamburg, students, have been edited, with modern
June 10, 1883. fingering, by Karl Tausig. Fux wrote, un-
Studied at Halle der the same title, a treatise on composition
and GiJttingcn TJiii- and counterpoint (Vienna, 1725), translated
versities, and then into German by Mizler (Leipsic, 1742) Ital- ;
adopted music as a ian, by Manfredi (Carpi, 1761). An English

profession. He was edition was published also, without date,
violoncellist in Hel- with a Kyrie and Amen from the Missa Vicis-
slugfors, and uni- situdinis. Grove, i. 610.
versity and society GRAESER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH
music director in GOTTFRIED, born in Arnstadt in 1766,
Kiel for ten years ; then founded a singing died at the Castle of Erbach in 1790.
academy in Hamburg in 1851, and con- He chose the clerical profession, and at his
ducted another ten years. He taught
it early death was a private tutor and a can-
singing and theory at the Vienna Conser- didate for the ministry. His musical abil-
vatorium in 1802-0.5, when he settled in ities were demonstrated by pianoforte so-
Hamburg again as a teacher. His works natas and songs, which he published.
are distinguished by original harmony and Mendel, iv. 323 Schilling, iii. 285 Fe-
; ;
striking form. Works2 symphonies: tis, iv. 77.

Overture to Schiller's Fiesco, op. 30 Con- ;
GRAF, CHRISTIAN ERNST, born at
certo for pianoforte, op. 20 ; 2 quintets for Rudolstadt in 1723, died at The Hague in
do. and strings; 2 trios for do.; 1 sonata, 1802 (?). Violinist, son and pupil of Johann
variations, fantastic studies, Fliegende Blat- Graf, whom he succeeded as Kapellmeister
ter und Bliittchen, Triiumereien, for piano- to the court of Rudolstadt in 1762 he was
;
forte ; Sonata for vio- called to The Hague as royal Kapellmeis-

3 sonatas for violin ;
loncello Octet for strings, op. 49 3 string ter.

; His name is sometimes set down in ;
quartets, op. 12, 17, 29 Trio, op. 48 Ro- catalogues as Christian Friedrich Graaf.
; ;
; :;
GRAF
Works : G- symplionies for orchestra 15 GRAF, JOHANN, born in Nuremberg ;
concertos for the vioUu Trios for 2 viohus towards the end of the 17th ceuturj', died in
;
and bass ; Duo ecouomique, op. '27 went as

; G duos Rudolstadt about 1745. Violinist ;
for violiu and viola, op. 28 ; 2 sonatas for regimental bandmaster to Hungary,
and
pianoforte {i hands), op. 29 Pot-pourri, profited by several visits to Vienna.
; About
for do., op. 31 Fables, for a voice and piano- 1718 he was court musician in Mainz and
;
forte, op. 32 Sonata for violin and pianoforte, Bamberg, and finally was called to Rudol-
;
op. 33 An oratorio, performed at The Hague, stadt as Couzertmoister.

;
Works 12 Violin :
July, 1802. Fetis INIendel Schilling. ;sonatas String quartets.

; (Bamberg and ;
GRAF, FRIEDRICH HARTMANN (Her- Rudolstadt ).^ Fotis Mendel. ;
mann), born at Rudolstadt in 1727, died at GR.\FE, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born

Augsburg, Aug. 19, 179.5. Flute player, at Brunswick in 1711, died there, Fob. 7,
brother of the preceding, pupil of his father. 1787. Vocal composer, amateur, lived in
He entered a Dutch regiment, and was taken Halle and Leipsic, and afterwards returned
prisoner by the English at Berg-op-Zoom ;
to his native city as chamber and post-office
after regaining his liberty, he went to Ham- Sammlungen von Oden
councillor. Works :
burg in 1795, and during a stay of five years mit Melodien (Halle, 1737) Odcu und ;
won reputation as flutist and composer, Schilfergedichte (Leipsic, 1744) Sonnet ;
then made a concert tour through England, (ib., 1755) ; Fiinfzig Psalme, Oden und
Holland, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy geistliche Lieder (Brunswick, 17G0) ; LA-
was first fiutist of the royal orchestra at The mour, cantata (Berlin, 17G5) Seeks geist- ;
Hague, under his brother's direction, from liche Oden und Lieder (Leipsic, 1762)
17G9 until 1772, when he accepted a call to Oden und Lieder (17G7-G8) and many ;
Augsburg as director of music. In 1779 ho single pieces in Rich's Musikalisches Vieler-

was charged with the composition of a dra- lei (Hamburg, 1770). AUgom. d. Biogr., ix.
matic work by the director of the German 557 Fotis Gerber Meudek
; ; ;
opera in Vienna, and while there was in- GRAFF, CARL, born at Also For, Hun-
vited to conduct the grand concerts of the gary, ]V[ay 20, 1833, still living, 1889. Vio-
season of 1783-84 in London, whence ho re- linist, studied at the Vienna Conservatori-
turned to Augsburg, to resume his office as um then solo violinist at the Theater an
;
Kapellmeistei-. The University of Oxford der Wien, and pupil of BOhm in violin and of
sent him, in 1789, the diploma of Mus. Doc, Sechter in composition. Ho made a concert
waiving all usual formalities. Works Die : trip in Austria, Hungary, and Turkey ;
Siindfluth, oratorio ; Der verlorene Sohn,

studying under Vieuxtemjjs in Paris, after
do. ;Die Hirten an der Krippe zu Bethle- he accompanied his master on a professional
hem, do. The 29th Psalm Invocation of tour appeared in London and Paris was
; ; ; ;
Neptune and his attendant Nereids of Bri- engaged by Spolir as first solo violinist in
tannia, cantata, London, 1784 ; Andromeda, Cassel in 1858 ; was afterwards in Mar-
heroic cantata ; 5 concertos for flute, violin, seilles, and in 1870 in Mentone. Works
violoncello, and orchestra ; 21 concertos for Hercule, operetta Overture to Don Carlos ; ;
the flute ; 2 do. for flute d'amour 2 sym- Conzertstiick for violiu and orchestra Fan-
;
;
phonies concertantes, for 2 flutes ; 18 quar- taisie dx'amatique, for violin and pianoforte ;
tets for strings ; 12 do., for flute and strings ;

3 string quartets Mass for 2 voices and or-
;
2 do., for 2 flutes, viola, and bass Quartet gan ; ; Motets for 4 voices and organ 2 grand ;
for 4 flutes ; do. for oboe, violin, bassoon, fugues for organ Tantum ergo, for piano- ;
and violoncello ; Trios for 2 flutes and bass forte Sonata for violin and pianoforte 2
; ; ;
G duos for flute 12 ; soli for do. Fotis ;

Hungarian dances fordo. Several fantasias ;
Mendel SchiUiug.; for violin G morceaux de salon, for piano-

;
las
GEAFFIGXA
forte Romances, songs, and clioruses. Fu- chorus, soli, and orchestra Chamber music.
; ;
tis. Supplement, i. 412 Mendel, Ergiinz., Riemann Mendel, Ergiinz., 133 Fetis,
; ; ;
132. Supplement, i. 413.

GRAFFIGNA, ACHILLE, bom in Lom- GRANARA, ANTONIO, born in Genoa,
bardy about 1817, still living, 1880. Dra- Italy, in 1809. Dramatic composer, pupil
matic composer, j'upil at the Conservatorio, of Generali at Novara. Works Operas :
Milan became director of the opera at Odessa Elisa de' Montaltieri, given in Genoa, 1832
;
;
in 1845 visited Paris in 1SG5, to bring out Giovanni di Napoli Un' avventura teatrale,
;
;
an ojêra, and in 1872 as impresario and or- oiêra biifta, Venice, 1836. Fetis Mendel. ;
chestra conductor of an opera troui)e, which GRAN CID, IL. See Cid.
failed maestro coucertatore at the Teatro
; GRANCINI, anCHELE ANGELO, Ital-
Goldoni, in Florence, in 1875. Works Un ian composer of the 17th century. Organ- :
lampo d' infedelta, Lodi, 1838 La conquista ist of the Church del Paradiso and subse-
;
di Grauata, ballet, Milan, Scala, 1839 Ilde- quently organist and maestro di cajipella of ;
gonda e Riccardo, Milan, 1841 Eleonora the catliedral, Milan. When a decree of;
di San Bouifazio, Verona, 1842 Mignoni e Carlo Borromeo, in 156G, excluded all mar-
:
Fanfau, Florence, 1844 Gli ultimi giorui ried men from these oiBces, he obtained a
;
di Suli, Ester d' Eiigaddi, Odessa, 1845 ;

dispensation in recognition of his talent as
L' assedio di Malta, Udine, 1854 ; La dii- a composer. His masses, psalms, and mo-
chessadiSan Giuliano, Paris, Theatre Italien, tets, iûblished during his life, are in 23
18G5 (formerly in Italy under the title Ve- volumes. Fetis, iv. 81 do. Supplement, i. ;
ronica Cibo) Romances. Fctis do., Sujj- 413 Mendel.

; ; ;
ploment, i. 413. GRANDE-DUCHESSE DE Gl^ROL-

GRAGNANI, FILIPPO, Leghorn born in STEIN, LA, opera-boulib in three acts and
in 17G7. Distinguished guitarist and com- four tableaux, text by Henri Meilhac and
jioser studied counterpoint under Luchesi,
; Ludovic Halevy, music by Otfenbach, first
intending to devote himself to church com- represented at the Varietes, Paris, Ajiril 12,
position,but chance placing a guitar in his 1867. This grotesque parody, produced at
liands, he adopted it as his instrument. the time of the Exposition universelle, had
His music for guitar, alone or with other an immense success and obtained a Euro-
instruments, was published in Milan, Augs- pean celebrity. The Grande-Duchesse, re-
burg, Paris. Fetis, iv. 79
Mendel, iv. ; viewing her army, under the command of
32G. General Boum, notices Fritz, a soldier of fine
GRAMMANN, CARL, born at Liibeck, presence, andmakes him her favouiite. He
March 3, 1844, still becomes almost at once sergeant, count, and
living, 1889. Dramatic general in chief, and succeeds Boum. A
composer, pupil at the conspiracy is organized again.st him, but he
Le ps i i c Couserva- destroys his own good fortune by preferring
torium in 1867-71, to marry the little peasant Wanda rather
then lived in Vienna, than accept the favours of the Grande-
where he devoted him- Duchesse, and after a funny series of ad-
self to composition. ventures is succeeded by Baron Grog, who
Works Operas : Der in turn gives up the command again to
Schatzgrilber ; Die Eis- General Boum. The role of the Grande-
jungfrau MeJusine, op. ; Duchesse was filled by Mile Schneider ;
24, Wiesbaden, 1875 Thusnelda, op. 29' the other parts were sung by Dupuis, Cou-
Dresden, 1881 ; Das Andreasfest , op. 35, derc, Grenier, Kopp, Baron, Gardel, and
ib., 1882. Two symphonies ; Cantata for Miles Garait, Legrand, Morosini, Verou,
183
;
GRANDE
and Maucourt. An Italian opera buffa, en- Comique, Paris, April 3, 1867. This, the
titled II grauduca di Gerolstein, by Eurico composer's iirst dramatic work, showed him
Bernardi, was given in Milan, 1871.
Cle- to be the skilled and graceful musician
ment and Larousse. which he has since proved himself.
GRANDE SYAIPHONIE FUN^BRE. GR.iNDVAL, M.AltlE FELICIE CLE-
See Symphonie fuuebre et triompbale. MENCE DE REISET, Vicomtesse DE, born
GRANDFOND, EUGENE, born at Com- at the Chateau de la Cour-du-Bois (Sarthe),
pii'gne, France, in February, 1786. Com-
France, Jan. 21, 1830, still hviug, 1889.
poser, pupil at the Conservatoire, under Dramatic composer, studied composition
Kreutzer for violin, Berton for harmony; under Flotow and Saint Saens. Her operas
became second chef d'orchestre at the Ver- have been given in Paris under difi'ereut
sailles Theatre in 1809. He -nTote an opera, pseudonyms : Caroline Blangay, Clemence
Monsieur Desbosquets, given at the Opera Valgrand, Some of her church music,
etc.
Comique, 1810 concertos for violin, and

; notably a Stabat Mater for soli, chorus, and
several romances, with pianoforte. Fetis ;
orchestra, was i)layed at the Conservatoire
Mendel. concerts. Her chansons have also been very
GRANDI, ALESSANDRO DE'. born in popular in France. Works Operas : Le
Venice, 16th century, died at Bergamo in sou de Lise, operetta, Paris, Bouffes Pari-
1630. Church composer, pupil of Giovanni siens, 1859 Les fiances de Rosa, ib.. Thea-
;
Gabrieli. He was maestro di cappella, in tre LjTique, 1863 ; La comtesse va, Baden,
1597, at the Accademia della Morte, Fer- 1864 ; La penitente, Paris, Opera Comique,
rara, subsequently at San Marco, Venice, 1868 ; PiccoHno, ib.. Theatre Italien, 1869 ;
1617, and in 1618 maestro cantatore of the La foret, lyric scene for soli, chorus, and or-
Ducal Seminary. Vice maestro di cappella chestra, ib., Salle Ventadour, 1875 ; Sainte-
of San Marco in 1620, he resigned this posi- Agnes, oratorio, ib., Odeon, 1876 ; 2 masses
tion to become maestro di cappella of S. M. Stabat Mater Pater noster, for soprano, ;
Maggiore at Bergamo Works: with organ Esquisses symphoniques, for

in 1627. ;
Madrigali concertati (Venice, 1G19, 'M ed.) orchestra Suite for flute and pianoforte; ; ;
Salmi pur i Vespri, etc., Te Deum e Tan turn Trio, op. 7 Sonata for violin and piano- ;
ergo, op. 2 (Bologna, 1607) 6 books of mo- forte, op. 8

; Concertino for violin Noc- ; ;
tets for 2-8 voices (1619-40) Messe con- turnes for pianoforte Arias, chansons, and
; ;
certate a otto voci ; 3 books of motets (Ven- duets. Fetis, Supplement, i. 414.
ice, 1621) ; Messa e Salmi (Venice, 1623) ;
GRANDVAL, NICOLAS RAGOT DE,
Celesti tiori Salmi brevi (1623) Messa e born in Paris in 1676, died there, Nov. 16,
; ;
salmi concertati (ib., 1630) Motetti con- 1753. He wrote music for all the popular
;
certati (ib., 1632). Fetis Mendel Rie- comedies played in Paris at the Comedie
; ;
mann. Franyaise from 1694 to 1751 became or- ;
GRANDIS, VINCENZO DE, born at ganist of a church. His cantatas were pub-
Monte Albotto, Pontifical States, died (?). lished in 1729. Fetis ; do.. Supplement, i.
Church composer, maestro di cappella to the 414.

Duke of Modena in 1682-83, where he pro- GRANET (Grenet), born in Lyons, ,
duced the following oratorios II nasci- France, in 1707, died in Paris in 1761.
: Lit-
mento di Mosi-, 1682 La caduta di Adamo tle is known of him, and his name has been
; ;
II matrimonio di Mose.
Fetis do.. Supple- preserved only because certain detractors of
;
ment, i. 413 Schilling. ; Jean Jacques Rousseau have accused him of

GRANDTANTE, LA, opera-comique, stealing from Granet the music of his Devin
text by Adenis and Grandvalet, music by du Village. Granet was a director of con-
Jules Massenet, represented at the Opera certs in Lyons. Works Le triomphe de :
184
GRANIER
I'harmonie, opera-ballet, test by Lefrauc 3. Fetis Grove Wasielewski, Die Vio- ; ;
de Pompignau, represented at the Aca- line, 258.

dt-mie Royale de Musique, May 9, 1737 GRASSI, FRANCESCO, church com- ;
ApoUon, berger d'Admete, ojiera iu one poser, maestro di cappella of San Giacomo
act, Opera, Paris, 1759.
Fetis, Supplement, degli Spagnuoli, Rome, about the end of
i. 420. the 17th century. His oratorio, II trionfo
GRANIER, LOUIS, born at Toulouse in de' Giusti, was given at the Church della
1740, died there in 1800. Violinist and Pieta iu 1701. He left music in MS. Masses
:
dramatic composer ; studied music in his for 4 voices ; Couiitebor, Dixit, and Mis-
native city, whence he went to Bordeaux, erere, for 8 voices, and several other pieces
and, although a mere j'outh, was made mai- of church music. Fetis ; Mendel.
tre de musique at the Opera a few years ; GRASSI, GIUSEPPE, born at Palmi,
laterhe entered the service of Prince Charles Calabria, Feb. 26, 1825, still hving, 1889.
of Lorraine as first violin, was in Brussels, Pianist and dramatic composer, pupil of
and in 1766 went to Paris, where he was Rosa Savoia, of Carmelo Jonita, and at
2d Opera for twenty years, re-
violin at the Naples of a German master, and in har-
tiring to his native town in 1787. He was mony and composition of Gaetano Rotondo.
made inspector of the Opera in 1780.
Works Operas La vergine del Castello,
:
Works Choruses to Racine's Athalie The-

: ; given at Naples, Teatro Nuovo, 1845 Don ;
onis, ou le toucher, opera (with Berton and Procopio a Carditiello, ossia n' asciuta a Iu
Trial), given in Paris, Academic Roj'ale de Fusaro, ib., 1849 I tre matrimonii, ib.,
;
Musique, 1767 Bellerophon, do. (with Ber-

; 1852 Melodramma in onore di S. Rocco,
;
ton), ib., 1773 Music to several divertisse-

; cantata, Palmi, 1840 Cantata in onore della
;
ments, and ballets Sonatas and other ; Madoiuia della Montagna, Radicena, 1850 ;
pieces for violin. Fetis Mendel Schil- ; ; La guida e il solitario, cantata, Semiuaria,
ling. His son Pietro is a distinguished
1857.
GRANZIN, LOUIS, born Feti.s, Supplement, i. 416.
at Halle, Prus- pianist.
sian Saxony, about 1810, still living, 1889 (?). GRASSONI, GIOVANNI, born at An-
Organist, pujiil of Naue and Niemeyer. He cona about 1819, died there, July 13, 1882.
was cantor and professor of music at Mari- Composer, was professor of singing in the
enwerder, and iu 1840 went as organist to normal school of Ancona brought out a ;
Dantzic. His oratorio of Tobias was played successful opera, Matilda di Valdelmo, at
there in 1845. Other works Te Deum Ancona, about 1850. Has been maestro di
:
;
Crucifixus, for 6 voices and organ Domine canto in many Italian theatres in 1875 at
; ;
salvum fac regem Organ music, and songs. Mantua. Fetis Supplement, i. 417.
; ;
Fetis Mendel.; GRATZ, JOSEPH, born at Vohburg, Ba-

GRASSET, JEAN JACQUES, born in varia, Dec. 2, 17G0, died iu Munich, July
Paris about 1769, died there, Aug. 25, 17, 1826. Dramatic and church composer,
1839. Violinist, pupil of Berthaume served pupil of Michael Haydn at Salzburg, and
;
in the campaigns in Germany and Italy, but of Bertoni in Venice, whence he visited
gave all his spare time to the study of mu- the principal cities of North Italy, and re-
sic. On his return to Paris he gave con- turned to Bavaria in 1788, settling in Mu-
certs, and in 1800 was appointed professor nich. He was esteemed as a theoretician,
of the violin at the Conservatoire. In 1801- his instruction being sought by such men
29 he was chef d'orchestre at the Italian as Cannabich, Ett, Lindpaintner, and others,
Opera. Works 3 concertos for violin, op. when they were already ripened artists
:
;
1, 2, 4 Duos pour deux violons, liv. 1, 2, 3, but as a composer he was exceedingly dry,
;
4, 5, op. 9 Sonate pour piano et violin, op. to which his operas Das Gespenst mit der
;
1S5
;. ;
GEAUN
Trommel, and Adelheid von dramatic composer, was appointed Vice-Ka-
Veltlieini, de-
cidedly rejected at their first performance, pellmeister, and comjjosed in rajoid succes-
his oratorio, Der Tod Jesu, and his masses, sion five operas, which sjjread his reputa-
bear witness, while among his chorals, jjrel- tion throughout Germany. On a visit to
udes and other church music are works Brunswick, the Crown Prince of Prussia,
of acknowledged merit. Fetis Meudel afterwards Frederick II. persuaded the duke
;
,
Schilling. to release Graun, whose services he wished

GRAUN, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, born at to secure for his chapel at Rheinsberg,
Wahreubruck, Merseburg, about 1698, died whither he went in 1735, and devoted him-
in Berlin, Oct. 27, 1771. Violinist, pupil self for some time to the composition of
at the Kreuzschule, Dresden, with his cantatas, for which the Crown Prince wrote
brother, Karl Heiurich Graun, of Grundig, the text in French verse. On the accession
in singing and of Petzold on the organ and of Frederick 11. he was sent to Italy to en-
I
pianoforte studied the violin under Piseu- gage singers for the king's favourite project
;
del, and in Padua under Tartiui. In 1720 of establishing Italian opera in Berlin.
he was in the service of the court at Merse- Having acquitted himself of this task, and
burg, in 1727 of the Prince of Waldeck, also having earned great applause as a
and in 1728 was Conzertmeister to the singer in the principal cities of Italy, he
Crown Prince of Prussia (Frederick the was ajipointed Kapellmeister, and during
Great) at llheiusberg, and in 17-40 occupied his long service composed 28 operas, which,
the same position in the I'oyal chapel. with those of Hasse, were peiformed almost
Works 40 symphonies
: 20 violin con- exclusively at that time in Berlin. Inti-
;
certos 24 string quartets String trios, etc.

; ; mately as his life is connected with the his-
Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. GOG "Wasielewski, ; tory of the opera, his importance increases
Die Violine, 165 Dubourg, The VioHn,
; in his church compositions, among which
228 Mendel Fetis.
; ; the Passion oratorio, Der Tod Jesu, has kept
GRVrX, K.mL HEINRICH, born at his fame alive to this day, and although
_.*-^v-^ AVahrenbriick, Prus- somewhat overrated, in sjjite of its high
sian Saxony, May 7, merit, will probably continue so to do for fu-
1701, died in Ber- ture generations. His harmony was singu-
lin, Aug. 8, 1759. larly pure, and in all his works prevailed the
Church
and dra- most perfect system of modulation in melo- ;
matic c o ni po s e r dious effects he has few equals, and while

Gifted as a boy with his vocal compositions lack fire they never
a remarkable so- fail in pleasing and tender exi^ression,
prano voice, he was stamijing especially his adagios as master-
instructed in singing pieces, which perfectly correspond to his
by Cantor Grundig, aflable and loving character. Works Op-
and on tlie organ and pianoforte by Chris- eras Pollido)X>, given at Brunswick, 1726
:
tian Petzold, at the Kreuzschule in Dres- Sancio e Sinilda, ib., 1727 Ifigenia in ;
den, where he obtained a position in the Aulide (in German), ib., 1729 Scipio Afri- ;
city choir. While his voice was changing canns (do.), ib., 1730 Timareta, ib., 1733 ; ;
into a tenor he studied composition under Faraone (with German recitatives and Ital-
Johann Christoph Schmidt, and formed his ian arias), ib. Lo specchio della fedelta, ;
taste by frequent attendance at the opera, Potsdam, 1733 Roddinda, Berlin, 1741 ; ;
then under the direction of Lotti. In 1725 Cleopatra, ib., 1742; Artaserse, ib., 1743;
he was engaged for the opera at Brunswick, Catone in Utica, ib., 1744; Alessandro uell'
'
where within one year he won success as a Indie, Lucio Papirio, ib., 1745 Adriano in
I
;
186
;
GRAUPKER
Siria, Dcmofoonte, ib., 174G Cajo Ffibrizio, mach,
1711; Bestiindigkeit besiegt Be-
; ib.,
ib., 174:7 ; Le feste galante, Galatea, pastor-

Eight Parthien fiirKlavier trug, ib., 1719.
al (with Frederick II., Quautz, and Niscbel- (1718) Monatliche Klavierfriichte (1722) ;
;
mann), Cinna, ib., 17-48 Eiiropa galaute, 8 Parthien fiir das Klavier (172G) Die vier
;
;
ib., 1749 Angelica e Medoro, Coriolano, Jahreszeiten (1733)

;
Hessen-Darmstadti- ;
ib.,1750; Medonte, Mitridate, ib., 1751; sches Choralbuch. In manuscript: About

Armida, Britannico, ib., 1752 and pieces for the
; Orfeo, II 1,300 figured chorals
giudizio di Paride, Silla (text by
Darmstadt 194 Tafelmu- Fi-ederic Schlosskirchc in ;
II.), ib., 1753 Semiramide, ib., 1754

; siken, 144 symphonies, and 80 overtures for ;
Montezuma, Ezio, il)., 1755 I fratelli ne- pianoforte and other instruments 50 con-
;
;
mici, Merope, ib., 175G. Der Tod .Jesu, ora- certos for various instruments trios and ;
torio, first 2>erforined in Berlin Cathedral, sonatas for pianoforte, strings, and wind in-
March 1755
2G, ; Lavinia e Turno, cantata struments. His manuscripts are in the court
;
Te Deuni, with chorus and orchestra, on musical library of Darmstadt. Allgem. d.

the victory near Prague, 175G About 25 Biogr., ix. GOO Mendel; Mattheson, Ehren-
; ;
church cantatas, with orchestra 2 passion pforte, 410, autobiographical Fetis "Win-
; ; ;
cantatas ; Mass ; About 20 Latin motets, terfeld, Der evang. Kirchengesang, iii. 502.
for 4 voices a capjjella ; church melodies GRAVRAND (Graveraud), JACQUES
for every day in the year (two years) ; Col- FRANCOIS URBAIN, born at Caen, France,
lection of odes ; 3 collections of concertos April 2, 1770, died there, July IG, 1854.
for the flute, with other instruments 12 Violinist, pupil of Queru, then in Paris of ;
concertos for harpsichord, with string in- Baillot after having been violinist in the ;
;
struments etc. AUgem. d. Biogr., ix. G07 theatre orchestra at Caen for several years, ;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., i. seq. Hiller, Lebens- he became chef d'orehestre.

; Works 7 col- :
bcschreibungen berilhmter Musikgelehrten, lections of duos for violin, op. 1-5, 7, 8 3 ;
etc. (Leipsic, 1784). trios for 2 violins and violoncello, op. G.

GRAUPNER, CHRISTOPH, born at Fetis.
Kirchberg, Saxony, January', 1G83, died at GR.\ZIANI (Gratiani), BONIFACIO,
Darmstadt, May 10, 17G0. Dramatic com- born at Marino, near Rome, in 1C05, died
poser, pupil at the Thomasschule in Leipsic there, June 15, 1CG4. Church composer,
of Kulinau ; then studied
but was maestro di cappella of the Jesuit church in
law,
driven by the Swedish invasion of 1706 to Rome. He left a quantity of church music,
Hamburg, where he acted as accompanist published after his death by his brother,
to the opera under Reiser. He was ap- consisting of motets for one, two, and six
pointed Vice-Kapellmeister at Darmstadt in voices Salmi for five voices, etc. Masses ; ;
;
1710, Kapellmeister in 1711, and did much Litanies etc., in all twenty-four works, from ;
to elevate musical taste. During the 1G52 to 1G78. Fetis Riemann Mendel.
last ; ;
ten years of his life he was blind. He was

GRAZIANI, Padre TOMMASO, born at
wonderfully industrious in composition, Bagnacavallo, near Ravenna, Italy lived in ;
working sometimes days and nights, and the latter part of the 16th and beginning
he engraved some of his own pieces. He of the 17th centurj'. He was a Franciscan
devoted himself later almost exclusively to monk, and became maestro di cappella of
church music. Works Operas
Dido, the convent of his order in Milan. Works : :
Hamburg, 1707 Die lustige Hochzeit Five-part masses (1569) Four-part vesper
;
;
(with Keiser), ib., 1708 Herkules und psalms (1587) Five-part madrigals (1588)
; ;
Theseus, Aniiochiis und Stratonice, Bellero- Eight-part do. (1601) ; Sinfouie pertinaci,
phon, ib., 1708 ; Simson, ib., 1709 ; Bere- litanie a 4, 5, 6 e 8 voci (1617) ; Responses
nice und Lucio, Darmstadt, 1710; Tele- (1627). Mendel ; Riemann ; Fetis.
GEAZIOLI
GRAZIOLI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, at Birmingham, as well as those at York,
born Venice about 1755, died there iu Derby, and elsewhere. Greatorex was the
ill
1820. Organist, pupil of Bertoni, whom he foremost organist of his time, and of consid-
assisted in 1778. He succeeded Domenico erable scientific attainments. He published
Bettoui at San Marco iu 1 782. His sonatas a collection of psalm tunes harmonized for
for harpsichord and violiu, etc., were pub- four voices, and a few harmonized airs and ;
lished in German}'. Ft'tis

Mendel. ; composed orchestral accompaniments for
GRAZZINI, REGIN.ALDO, born at Flor- many pieces for the Ancient and Vocal Con-
ence, Italy, Oct. 15, 1848, still living, 1889. certs which are still in MS. His son,
Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of Henry Wellington Greatorex (born at Bur-
Teodulo Mabellini nt the Conservatorio, ton-on-Trent, 1811, died in Charleston,
Florence became director of the Conserva-
; South Carolina, Sept. 10, 1858), wont to
torio, and maestro di cappella of the theatre New York in 1839 and was organist of Cal-
at Reggio d' Emilio in 1881, and professor vary Church, of St. Paul's Chapel, and later
and artistic director of the Liceo Benedetto of a church in Hartford, Connecticut. He
Marcello, at Venice, in 1882. Works Can- published some church music and compiled
:
tata biblica, 1875 Mass for 3 voices, 1882 The Greatorex Collection (Hartford, 1851).
; ;
Symphonies Pianoforte
; music Opera He was the husband of Eliza Greatorex, the
;
(MS.).
Riemann. artist. Grove Brown Harmonicon, 1831, ; ;
GREAT DAGON HAS SUBDUED OUR 231.

FOE, tenor air and chorus in G major, in GREAVES, THOMAS, English lutist and
Handel's Sainsoi), Part IH. composer, beginning of the 17th century.
GREATHEED, SAMUEL STEPHEN- He published, in 1G04 " Songs of Sundrie
:
SON, Weston-super-Mare, Eng- Kindes first. Aires to be sung to the Lute

boi'n near ;
land, Feb. 22, 1813, still living, 1889. or Base Violl. Next, Songs of Sadnesse for
Church coraijosei", rector of Corringham, the Viols and Voyces. Lastly, Madrigalles
Sussex. B.A. Cambridge, 1835 M.A. for five Voyces." It consists of 21 pieces, 15
;
1838. Works Enoch's Pro^jhecy, oratorio, songs, and 6 madrigals. Nothing is known
:
1852 Communion services Anthems, etc. of his history. Grove.

; ;
GREATOREX, THOMAS, born at North GREBER, JACOB, lived in the latter
Wingfield, Derbyshire, England, Oct. 5, part of the 17th and first part of the 18th
1758, died in London, July 18, 1831. Or- century. He went to Loudon about 1703,
ganist, pupil of Dr. Benjamin Cooke in and aided in the introduction of Italian
1772. He found a patron in the Earl of opera. Madame Pe^nisch was one of his
Sandwich and assisted at the ora-
in 1774, pupils. Works Operas: The Loves of Er-
torios given by Joah Bates at Hinchinbrook gasto, melodrama, given at the Haymarket
House in 1774, 1775, 177G. In 1780-84 he Theatre, London, 1705 ; The Temple of
was organist of Carlisle Cathedral, and iu Love, ib., 170G. Mendel ;Fetis Burney,
;
178G-88 visited Italy and the Netherlands. Hist, of Music, iv. 200 ; Hawkins, Hist, of
He established himself as a teacher in Lon^ Music, v. 154.
don in 1789, and succeeded Bates on his re- GREENE, MAURICE,
born in London
tirement, in 1793, as conductor of the Con- about 1G9G, died there, Sept. 1, 1755. Or-
cert of Ancient Music. In 1801 he joined ganist, chorister in St. Paul's Cathedral
Knyvett, HaiTison, and Bartleman in reviv- under Charles King, afterwards articled to
ing the Vocal Concerts, in 1819 succeeded Richard Brind, organist of the cathedral.
George Ebenezer Williams as organist of He soon distinguished himself, and suc-
Westminster Abbey, and was conductor ceeded Daniel Pureell as organist of St.
'
many years of the triennial musical festivals Andrew's, Holborn, in 1717, being at the
I
188
:
GREEN SLEEVES
same time organist of St. Duustan's iu G67 ; Barrett, English Church Composers,
the West, Fleet Street ou the death of ; 117.
Brind, iu 1718, he became organist of St. GREENSLEEVES, English ballad and
Paul's, and iu 1727 organist aud composer tune of the IGth century, probably as old as
to the Chapel Royal. He was intimate with the reigu of Henry VIH. The tune is still to
Handel aud Bononcini. When the latter be heard in London streets with the old bur-
was expelled from the Academy, Greene, den, " Which nobody can deny." It is the air
believing or affecting to believe that his also of Christmas comes but once a year,"
friend had beeu unjustly treated, also with- aud many other songs. In the civil wars it
drew from it, and, in conjunction with Fest- was one of the party tuues of the Cavaliers,
ing the violinist, established a rival concert who had many songs to it, esjjecially "The
at the Apollo Rooms. In 1730 he was Blacksmith," aud "The Brewer," or "Old
elected professor of music in the University Noll, the Brewer of Huntingdon," referring
of Cambridge to succeed Dr. Tudway, and to Cromwell. Shakespeare mentions it in
received the degree of Mus. Doc. He suc- the "Merry Wives of Windsor" (ii.. Scene
ceeded John Eccles as master of the king's 1 ;v.. Scene 7), Beaumont and Fletcher iu
band in 1735, aud wrote many odes for the " The Loyal Subject," aud it was introduced
king's birthdays and New Year's Day. His in " The Beggars' OiJera." Chappell, Music
reputation rests mainly on his Forty Select of Olden Time, 227.
Anthems (17-13), a work which places him GREGOIR, fiDOUARD GEORGES
among the best of the Euglish church com- JACyUES, born at Turnhout, Belgium,
posers. In 1750 he began the formation Nov. 27, 1822, still living, 1889. Pianist,
brother of Jacques Mathieu Joseph Gregoir,
of a collection of the best English cathedral
music in score, which, left unfinished at pupil in Bieberich of Rummel on the piano-
his death, was completed by Dr. Boyce un- forte. He gave concerts iu London in 1841
der the title of " Cathedral Music." He with the violinists Teresa aud Maria Mila-
was one of the founders of the Society of nollo went to Amsterdam in 1847, to Paris ;
Musicians. Works Music to Pope's Ode in 1849, aud in the same year became profes-
:
on St. Cecilia's Day (1730) Odes for King's sor at Lierre, and later at Antwerp, where he
;
Birthday and New Year's Day (1730) Par- undertook the task of reforming the meth- ;
aphrase ou part of the Soug of Deborah and ods for teaching music iu the government
Barak (1732); Jephthah, oratorio (1737); schools and institutions of Belgium. Works
Florimel, or Love's Revenge, dramatic pas- Les Croisades, symphouie historique, Ant-
toral (1737) Addison's ode. The Spacious werp, 1846
; La vie, drame lyrique, Ant- ;
Firmament (1837) The Judgment of Her- werp, 1848 Le Deluge, oratorio sympho-
; ;
cules, masque (1710) The Force of Truth, uique, Antwerp, 1849 Marguerite d'Au-
; ;
oratorio (17-lJ:) Phoebe, pastoral ofiera triche, grand opera, Antwerp, 1850
; De ;
(1748) ; Spencer's Amoretti, for voice, harp- Belgen in 1848, drame national avec ouver-
sichord, aud violin ; The Chaplet, collection ture, airs, duos, chceurs, Brussels, 1851 ;
of twelve Euglish songs ; comte d'Egmont,

Catches and can- La derniere nuit du
ons for three and four voices 2 books, Brussels, 1851 Leicester, drame mele de; ;
each containing a cantata and four English musique, Brussels, 1854 Willem Beukels, ;
songs Church service in C (1737) Forty opera-comique flamand, Brussels, 185G

; ; ;
select anthems in score for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Willem de Zwyger, opura-comique, 185G ;
and 8 voices (2 vols., Loudon, 1743) Te La belle Bourbonuaise, opera-comique, ;
Deum in D (1745) Anthems, many in MS.; about 1860. He has published also a Me-
;
Organ voluntaries Harpsichord lessons, thode theorique d'orgue aud two Jlethodes
;
etc. Grove Fetis Burney, History, iv. de Musiques, besides more than a hundred
; ;
189
;
GREGOm
choruses for male voices ; organ and piano- finally settled in Brussels in 1850, making
forte music ; collections of songs ; a collec- occasional professional journeys to other
tion of pieces for the harmonium ;
works are his
violin countries. Among his best
music, and several verj' popular songs. which number
He pianoforte compositions,
is also a contributor to musical periodicals more than one hundred. Works Marche :
and the author of historical works, among solennelle, for the 25th anniversary of Leo-
which are Essai historique sur la musique pold's reign Marche triomphale, for the
: ;
et les musiciens dans les Pays-Bas (Brussels, marriage festivities of the Due de Brabant ;
18G1) Galerie biographique des artistes- Aux manes de IMeyerbeer, marche funebre
; ;
musicieus beiges du du xix. siecle Concerto, op. 10 Poesies musicales Com-

xviii. et ; ;
(18G2, new Notice sur I'origine positions nouvelles en forme d'etudes, op.
ed., 1885) ;
du celebi'e compositeur Louis van Beetho- 66 L'etude du diable Etudes de moyenne ; ;
ven (18G3) Les artistes-musicieus ueerlan- force 24 etudes de style et d'expression, 4

; ;
dais (1864); Histoire de I'orgue (1865); books, oj). 101 Etudes de style et de meca- ;
Notice biographique d'Adrian Willaert nisme, 4 books, op. 99 Six morceaux de ;
Documents historiques relatifs u I'art mu- salon, OJ). 98 etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. ;
sical et aux artistcs-musiciens (4 vols., 1872- 418.
76) ; Phantln'on musical populaire GREGOR, CHRISTIAN, born at Dirs-
(6 vols.,
1876-77) Bibliotheque musicale populaire dorf, Silesia, Jan. 1, 1723, died at Berthels-
;
(3 vols., 1877-79) Notice biographique sur dorf, Nov. 6, 1801.

; Organist, joined the
F. J. Gosse dit Gossec (1878) L'art musical Jloravian Brotherhood in 1742, and was ap-
;
en Belgique sous les ri'gnes de Leopold pointed Bishop of the Briiderkirche at Ber-
L et Leopold U. (1879) Des gloires de ; thelsdorf. He was organist, teacher, and
rOpe-ra et la musique a Paris (3 vols., 1880- music director for the order, and composed
8-).
Fi'tis, Sujjplument, i. 418 Riemann ; ;
many songs for them, besides editing a
Larousse. Choralbuch.Mendel, iv. 343.
GREGOIR, JACQUES MATHIEU JO- GREGORIO, ANNIBALE,
born at Siena
SEPH, born in about the end of the 16th century. He
Antwerp, Jan. 18, 1817,
died in Brussels, Oct. 29, 1876. Pianist, was maestro di cappella of the cathedral of
showed a precocious taste for music, and that city and member of the Accademia
played a difficult concerto by Dussek in degli Intronati. Works Madrigals (Venice, :
public at the age of eight. He studied the 1617) Church music (Siena, 1620). Fe- ;
organ under Horaans and after the Revolu- tis Mendel. ;
tion of 1830 became a pupil at the Paris GREISEN, ALBERT, born in Frankfort-
Conservatoire of Henri Herz, and subse- on-the-Oder, April 24, 1814, died in Ber-
quently went to Germany with his brother lin, April 11, 1836. His compositions at-
Edouard, and studied under Ruinmcl. On tracted the notice of Zelter, who took him
his return to Antwerp, in 1837, he played at to Berlin after his master's death he be- ;
several concerts, and became widely known came the pupil of Rungenhagen at the mu-
for his compositions. At this period he sic school of the Academy. He composed
brought out a Lauda Sioii, for chorus and an oratorio, a symphony, and some chamber
orchestra, a musical jjoem, Faust (1847) music. MeudeL ;

and an opera, Le gondolier de Venise, GREITH, IvARL, born at Aarau, Swit-
Antwerp, 1848. He was at that time chef zerland, Feb. 21, 1828, died in Munich, Nov.
d'orchestre of the royal theatre, and di- 17, 1887. Son and pupil of Joseph Greith ;
rector of a German choral society. He studied in Munich under C. Ett and in

went to Brussels in 1848, became professor Augsburg under C. L. Drobisch. He be-
in an English school at Bruges in 1849, and came music teacher of schools and director
190
;
;
GRELL
of singing societies in St. Gall, taught in (1833). Riemann ; Mendel ; Broekhaus ;
Frankfort-on-tlie-Main for several years Fetis, iV. 98 ; do., Sui^plement, i. 120.

from 185-i, and was professor in the College GRENET. See Granet.
ofMaria Hilf in Scbwjtz. In 1861 be took GRENIER, FELIX, born at Marseilles,
bis father's jjlace as choirmaster of the St. Sept. 27, 1841, still living, 1889. Amateur
Gall Cathedral, and after ten j-ears settled instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of
as a composer and critic in Munich, where Heckmauu, an Alsatian organist, became a
be subsequently became Kapellmeister of lawyer, but still studied music in Paris
the cathedral. Works : Der beilige Gallus, under Labarre, Boely, and Franchomme.
oratorio, Winterthur, 1849 Frauenberz, ; He has lived in Nice since 18G9. His songs
melodrama. Die Waise aus Genf, do., both and music are well known, and some of his
at St. Gall, about 1850 Symphony, ib., ; choruses have been very pojjular. He has
and Basel Requiem (Winterthur, 1857)
; translated several German works on music,
7 vocal masses 5 instrumental masses
; ; and has published works on Sebastian
Litanies Motets Many songs to the Holy
; ; Bach, Mendelssohn, and other German
Virgin, etc. (since 18G2) ; 3 Singspiele musicians. Principal works La Roussalka, :
Jung Rubens, Der Mutter Lied, Der verzau- opera (not performed) Trio for strings, ;
berte Frosch (Munich, since 1871) Two- ; op. 1 do. for pianoforte and strings, oj).
;
part songs for female chorus (ib.). Men- 3 (Quartet for pianoforte and strings, op.
;
del. 4 ; 2 quartets for strings, op. 5 and 13 ;
GRELL, EDUARD (AUGUST), born in 3 preludes and fugues for pianoforte, op.
Berlin, Nov. G, 1800, died at Steglitz, near 15 ; 12 songs for soprano, op. 2 ; G songs,
Berlin, Aug. 10, 188G. Organist, jjupil of bis op. 7 ; 4 do., op. 8 ; Four-part songs ; Cho-
father, of Kaufmann, Ritsehl, and Zelter ruses for Racine's Esther, 4 female
for
became organist of the Nikolaikirche in voices ; Mass for 4 voices ; The 49tb psalm
Berlin' in 181G entered the Singakademie for double chorus, and orchestra. Fotis,
;
in 1817, and was made vice-director of it Supplement, i. 421 Mendel, Ergiinz., 135. ;
in 1832. In 1839 be was appointed court GRENIER, GABRIEL, lived in Paris,

organist of the cathedral, in 1811 a mem- last half of the 18th century. Harpist, pub-
ber of the Berlin 1813 lished romances with harp accompaniment,
Acadenij', in
teacher of the cathedral choir, and, after 1793Harp sonatas, and harp and violin ;
Rungenhagen's death in 1851, teacher of music. Fetis Mendel. ;
the composition school of the Academy. GRESNICH (not Gresnick), ANTOINE

He was also a member of the senate of the FREDERIC, born in Liege, March 2, 1755,
Academy, and first director of the Sing- died in Paris, Oct. 16, 1799. Dramatic
akademie became professor in 1858, and composer, pupil at the College Liegeois,
;
received the order pour le merite in 18G4. Rome, and subsequently in Naples of Sala ;
He relinquished the direction of the Sing- wrote operas for that city before 1780 went ;
akademie in 187G. In 1883 the Berlin to London some time before 1784, again in
University conferred on bim the honorary 1785, was chosen director of music by the
degree of doctor of philosophy. Works Prince of Wales in 1786, returned to Paris :
Die Israelilen in der , ^

in 1791, was in Lyons as chef d'orchestre
Wiiste, oratorio Mass ;
^J^^^-vjdf ^^
of the Grand Theatre in 1793 his L'Amour ;
for IC voices Over- ; a Cythore, brought out there in that year,

ture for orchestra Organ preludes Mo- was played also at six of the Paris theatres
; ;
tets, cantatas, psalms, hymns, and many in the same year, and made him famous.
songs Four-part arrangement of the cho- Works Operas D Fraucese bizzarro, opera
; :
ral melodies of the Evangelical Gesangbucb bufifa, Savona, 1784 Demetrio, Alessandro ;
GRESSLER
neir Indie, La donna di umore, Lon- the arrival in Liege of an Italian opera com-
cattivo
don, 1785 ; Alceste,L' Amour :\ pany, he took to composing, and showed
ib., 1786 ;
Cythure, Lj'ous, 1793 Le savoir-faire, Les ; such talent that his

petits commissionnaires, Paris, Theatre de family procured him
la rue de Louvois, 1795 fiponine et Sa- ; good instruction. He
binus, Les faux mendiauts, Le baiser donne studied harmony un-
et rendu, ib., 179G Les extravagances de
; der Rcnekin the or-
la vieillesse. Theatre Moutansier, 1796 La ganist, and counter-;
Foret de Sicile, Le ou la prison

petit page, point under Moreau ;
d'etat, Les faux mounojem-s, ou la ven- but it was too late to

geance, Le tuteur original, ib., 1797 La ; expect jjatient study,
grotte des Cevennes, ib.,1798 L'heureux ; and he spent most of
proces, ou Alphonse et Leonore, Theatre his time in composing. Six little symphonies
Feydeau, 1798 La ; tourterelle dans les by him wore produced at Liege in 1758, and
bois, Rencontres sur rencontres. Theatre a four-voice mass in 1759, with such success
Moutansier, 1799 Le ; reve. Theatre Favart, that the Chanoine du Harlez sent him to
1799 Leonidas, ou les Spartiates (with Per-
; Rome, where he studied counterpoint four
suis). Opera, 1799 Symphonic concertante
; or five j'ears under Casali, but he never be-
for clarinet and bassoon, with orchestra, came a good harmonist, nor a contrapuntist.
Paris, Concerts de Feydeau, 1797 Ariet- ; His genius was purely dramatic and expres-
tas, i-omances, duos, etc. Pougin, Gresnick
Some smaller compositions, notably sive.
(Paris, 1862) ; Fetis an intermezzo, Le Veudemmiatrici, met

; do., Sujiplement, i.
421; Mendel; Schilling. with success at Rome, but when he saw the
GRESSLEE, FRANZ ALBERT, born at score of Monsigny's Rose et Colas, he be-
Suiza, Thuringia, Dec. 14, 1804, still living, gan to feel that French opcra-comique was
1889. Son of Friedrich Salomon Grcssler to be his real vocation. In 1767 he went to ;
finished his musical education in the Erfurt Geneva, and, failing to get Voltaire to write
Seminar}' under M. G. Geb- him a libretto, set to work to write new mu-
Fischer, L. E.
hardi, and J. J. Miillerbecame teacher in sic to Favart's Isabelle et Gertrude, which
;
a family in 1826, and from 1827 taught in he brought out with great success the same
schools in Erfurt. Composed pianoforte year at Geneva. By Voltaire's advice he
and organ music and songs. Mendel ; then went to Paris, where two years were
Ersch und Gruber, i. Section, xc. 246. thrown away in vain solicitations for a li-
GRESSLER, FRIEDRICH SALOJION, bretto, until at last Du Rosoy confided to

organist at Triptis, near Meissen, in 1780. him his Les mariages Samnites. The first
From 1791 he was cantor, organist, and rehearsals of the music at the house of the
teacher at Suiza in Thimngia. Composed Prince de Conti, in presence of the court,
pianoforte pieces and songs. Mendel, iv. persuaded almost everyone that the com-
355 ; Ersch und Gruber, i. Section, xc. 246. poser had no talent for dramatic composi-
GRETRY, ANDRE (ERNEST MO- tion but Count Creutz, the Swedish min-
;
DESTE), born at Liege, Feb. 8, 1741, died ister, thought otherwise, and, taking Gretry
at " I'Ermitage " (formerly Rousseau's coun- under his protection, prevailed upon Mar-
try house), near Montmorency, Sept. 24, montel to confide to him his comedy, Le
1813. The son of a poor violinist, he en- Huron. This work was given, Aug. 20,
tered the choir of Saint-Denis at the age 1768, with the most overwhelming success.
of six, but was dismissed as incapable, and Lucile ajspeared a few months later, and
put under one Leclerc, who made him a with Le tableau jiarlant (1769) Gretry's po-
proficient reader of music. Inspired by sition in the foremost rank of French com-
192
;
GENTRY
posers was establislied. He continued pro- Fontainebleau, 1771, Paris, Theatre Italien,
ducing opera after opera, until very near the 1771 ;11. Le magnifique, Paris, Theatre
time of Lis death. The most famous of his Italien, 1773 12. Cephale et Procris, lyric
;
works are Le tableau parlaut, Zemire et tragedy, Versailles, 1773, Paris, Academic,
Azor, L'amant jaloux, L'upreuvc village- 177.5 ; 13. La roslire de Salency, Theatre
oise, and Richard Caau- de Lion, which last Itahen, 1774 ; 14. La fausse Magie, Come-
must be accounted as his masterpiece. In die Italienne ; do., 1 act, ib., 1776 ; 15.
1784 the Prince-Bishop of Lioge made him Tjbs mariagei^ Samnites, ib., 1776 ; 16. Ma-
privj^-couucillor. In 1795 he was admitted troco, Fontainebleau, 1777, Paris, Theatre
to the lustitut, and in 1802 Napoleon made 1778 17. Les troisagesde I'Opera,
Italien, ;
him chevalier of the Legion of Honour. prologue in 1 act, Paris, Academic Royale
He was appointed also one of the inspectors de Musique, 1778 18. Le jugement de ;
of the Conservatoire ou its foundation, but Midas, Comedie Italienne, 1778 19. Les ;
held the office for only a year. His funeral fausses apparences, ou Vamant jaloux, Ver-
at Paris (Sept. 27, 1813) was splendid, and sailles, Nov.
20, Paris, Dec. 23, 1778
Bouilly and Mehul pronounced eulogies 20. Les evenements imprevus, Versailles,
over his grave. Gretry's genius, which was Nov. 11, Paris, Theatre Italien, Nov. 13,
epoch-making in the annals of French comic 1779 ;21. Andromaque, Paris, Aeademie
opera, was essentially melodic and dramatic. Royale de Musique, 1780 22. Emilie, ib., ;
He was little of a harmonist, as he himself 1781 23. CoUnelle a la cour, ou la double

;
knew very well, and was wholly at a loss epreuve, ib., 1782 24. L'embarras des ;
when he tried to step out of the limited richesses, ib., 1782 25. Thalie au nouveau ;
frame of opera-comique. His accompani- theatre, Comedie Italienne, 1783 26. La ;
ments were in general very meagre, and caravane du Caire, Fontainebleau, Oct. 30,
although he showed that, when he aimed 1783, Paris, Acadeniie Royale de Musique,
at orchestral effects, he knew how to handle Jan. 15, 1784 ; 27. Theodore et Paulin,
the orchestra intelligently and cleverly, he Theatre Italien, March 18, 1784; do., as
rarely attempted anything of the sort. Jji'preuve villageoise, ib., June 24, 1784 ;
Graceful melody and, especially, expressive 28. Richard Cceur de Lion, Paris, by the
and dramatic declamation were his forte. comediens ordinaires du roi, Oct. 21, 1784 ;
His theatrical sense was of the keenest, and do., 4 acts, Dec. 21, 1785 do., 3 acts, ;
he has rarely been surpassed as a delineator Dec. 29, 1786 29. Panurge dans I'lle des
;
of character his comic power was also very

; Lanternes, Oj)L'ra, 1785 ; 30. La nouvelle
remarkable, and his admirers have called amitie a I'epreuve, Comedie Italienne,
hiiu the " Molicre of music." Works Op- 1786 ; 31. Les meprises par ressemblance,
eras : 1. Le Vendemmiatrici, intermezzo, Fontainebleau, Paris, Comedie Italienne,
Rome, Teatro Aliberti, 17G5 2. Isabelle et ; Nov. 16, 1786 32. Le comte d'Albert,
;
Gertrude, Geneva, 17G7 3. Le Huron, ; Fontainebleau, Nov. 13, 1786, Paris, Come-
Paris, Theatre Italien, 1768 4. Lucile, ; die Italienne, Feb. 8, 1787 ; 33. La suite
ib., 1769 5. Le tableau parlant, ib., 1769
;
;
du comte d'Albert, Paris, Comedie Italienne,
6. Sylvain, ib., 1770 ; 7. Les <hutx Avares, 1787 ; 34. Le ib., 1787
prisonnier anglais, ;
Fontainebleau, 1770, Paris, Comcdie Ita- 35. Le 1788 36. Ain-

rival confident, ib., ;
lienne, 1770 ; 8. L'amitie a IVpreuve, 2 phytrion, Academie Roj'ale de Musique,

acts, Fontainebleau, Theatre 1770, Paris, 1788 ;37. Raoul Barbe-Bleue, Comedie
Itahen, 1771 do., 3 acts, Fontainebleau,
; Italienne, 1789 38. Aspasie, Opera, 1789
;
Oct. 24, and Paris, Oct. 30, 1783 9. L'nmi ; 39. Pi<;>TeleGrand, Comedie Italienne, 1790;
de la maison, Fontainebleau, Oct. 26, 1771, 40. Guillaume Tell, ib., 1791; 41. Cecile
Paris, March 14, 1772 10. Zemtre et Azor, ; et Dermance, ib., 1792 42. Basile, ou it ;
ma
;
GREULICII
trompeur, trompeur et demi, Opc'ra Co- tutor in a noble family of Warsaw. He
mique, 1792 43. Clarice et Belton (altered visited Weimar, where he was influenced by
;
version of Le prisonnier anglais), ib., 1793 Liszt, and in 1858 was teacher of music in ;
44. La rosiere republicaine, Opera, 1793 Schitomir, Southern Russia and later ap- ; ;
45. Joseph Barra, Comedie Italieuue, 1794 ;

pointed pianoforte jjrofessor at the Catha-
46. Denys le t3-ran maltre d'ecole a Co- rine Institute in Moscow. Works : Piano-
rintbe, Opera, 1794 47. Callias, ou nature ; forte music. Mendel ; Fetis, Supplement,
et patrie, Opera Comique, 1794 48. Lis- ; i. 422.
helh, Comedie Italienne, 1797 49. Anacreon ; GRIEF AND PMN. See Bms und
chez Polycrate, 1797 50. Le harhier de ; Reu'.
village, ou le revenant, Theatre Feydeau, GRIEG, EDVARD (HAGERUP), bom
1797 51. Elisca,
; ou I'amour maternel, at Bergen, Norway,
ib., 1799 52. La casque et les colombes,
; June 15, 1843, still liv-
Opera, 1801 53. Delphis et Mopsa, ib.,
; ing there, 1889. In-
1803. Also the following : Le congre.s strumental and vocal
des rois (in collaboration with Berton, c o m J)
o s e r, first in-
Blasius, Cherubini, Dalayrac, Deshayes, structed on the piano-
Devienne, Jadin, Kreutzer, Mehul, Solie, forte by his mother,
and Trial fils), Theatre Favart, Feb. 2G, then at the Conserva-
1793 and the following, which were never
; torium in Leijjsic
performed Alcindor et Zaide Zimeo, 3
: ; (whither he was sent by
acts Zelmar, ou I'asile, 1 act lectre, 3
; ; Ole Bull's advice in
acts Diogene et Alexandre, 3 acts Les
; ; and Hauptmann in
1858), pupil of Richter
llaures d'Espagne, 3 acts. Church music : harmony and counterpoint, of Rietz and
Messe solennelle, Liege, 1759 Confiteor, ; Reinecke in composition, and of Wenzel
for 4 voices and orchestra, Rome, 1762 6 ; and Moscheles on the pianoforte. Illness
motets for 2 forced him to return home in the spring
1860, but he resumed his studies at
<irVJ /n /? A j' ^^'^ ^ voices ;
of
Deprofundis; Leipsic in the autumn, and remained there
y
f
// ci^L/^^^
^y^ Req
Requiem. In- until 1862. He went to Copenhagen in
strumen tal the spring of 1863, principally to make the
music 6 sym- acquaintance of Gade, and, although in-
:
phonies for orchestra 2 quartets for harpsi- fluenced by him and by Emil Hartraann, he
;
chord and strings 6 do. for strings 6 so- was most decidedly affected by Rikard Nor-
; ;
natas for harpsichord.

Le Breton, Notice drank, an ingenious Norwegian tone-poet
sur la vie, etc. (Paris, 1814) Andre Joseph (died shortly afterwards), who sang and
;
Grotry, Gretry en famille (ib., 1815) Ger- played to him his melodies to BjOrnson's ;
lache, Essai sur G. (Liege, 1821) ; Fetis, songs. As Gi'ieg himself relates :
" The
Galerie de musiciens celebres (Paris, 1828) scales fell from my eyes ; it was only
Van Hulst,Gretry (Liege, 1842); L. de through him that I learned to know the
Saegher, biographique (Brussels,
Notice Norse melodies and my own nature. We
1869) Clement, Mus. celebres, 150 Jal,
; ; made a compact against the weakly Gade-
Diet, critique, 657 Liny, Kecueil de let-; Meudelssohn Scandinavism, and entered
tres i'crites a Gretrv (Paris, 1809). with enthusiasm upon the new path on
GREULICH, ADOLPH, born in Posen which the Northern school is now progress-
in 1819, died in Moscow in 1868. Pia- ing." In 1867 he settled at Christiania,
nist, self-taught at first, then studied under where he founded a musical society and con-
W. Fischer in Brieg, and became private ducted it until 1880, when he returned to
191
;
GRIESBACH
Bergen. As the Norwegian Diet awarded zen, op. 10 ; Im Herbst, Phantasie (2 piano-
him a liberal pension, be has had nothing fortes), op. 11 ; Lyrische kleine Stiicke, op.
to do since but to devote himself to his 12 2 symphonische Stiicke (2 pianofortes), ;
art. In 1865 and 1870 be visited Italy, op. 14 Romanzen, op. 15 25 Norwegische ; ;
cultivating Liszt's society in Rome and Volkslieder und Tiinze, op. 17 ; Bilder aus
;
was repeatedly in Germany, especially at dem Volksleben, Drei Humoresken, ojj. 19 ;
Leipsic, bring out his compositions. Ballade, op. 24 Albumbliitter, oji. 28 Im-
to ; ;
Grieg may be said to dispute with Svendsen provisata fiber 2 norwegische Volksweisen,
the foremost place among living Norwegian op. 29 Norwegische Tiinze, op. 35 Wal- ; ;
composers. As yet he has devoted himself zer-Capricen, op. 37 Neue lyrische Stilck- ;
chieiiy to the higher forms of chamber

music. His talent, strongly imbued with
the Scandinavian folk-song spirit, has
marked and his comjjositions
individuality,
are noted for their brilliant and effective
local coloring. His inspiration is vigorous
and spontaneous, and if his workmanship is
not invariably of the very best, and be often
shows a considerable disregard for euishony,
as well as a certain incapacity for organic
thematic develo23ment, in the highest sense
of the term, he only shares these short-
comings with many of his contemjjoraries,
while the freshness of his melodic invention,
the piquancy of his harmouj', and the auda-
cious brilliancy of his style have won him chen, op. 38 ; Aus Holberg's Zeit, Suite im
hosts of warm admirers. His best works alteu Style, op. 40. Songs : 4 Lieder for
are his A minor pianoforte concerto, and contralto, op. 2 Melodien
; 6 Lieder, op. 4 ;
his sonata for pianoforte and violin in F des Herzens, op. 54 Romanzen, op. 10 ; ;
major. Works: Concerto for pianoforte Romanzen und Lieder, oj). 18 4 Gedichte, ;
and orchestra, in A minor, op. 16 (2 ver- op. 21. Mendel ; Riemann ; Mus. Wochen-
sions) Sonata for violin and pianoforte, in
; blatt, iv. 161, 195 ; v. 7 ; vii. 348 viii. 226
;
F, op. 8 ; do. in G minor, op. 13 ; do. in C xiii. 134 ; XV. 511, 522.
minor, op. 45 ;
GRIESBACH, JOHN HENRY, born at
do. for violoncello, op. 36 ;
String quartet, op. 27 Zwei Melodien, for Windsor, England, June 20, 1798, died in
;
string orchestra, op. 34 Foran Sydens Klos- London, Jan. 9, 1875.

; Dramatic composer,
ter, for soprano solo, female chorus, and or- son of Justin Christian Griesbach, violon-
chestra, op. 20 Landkjeudiug, for baritone, cellist in Queen Charlotte's band, and
;
male chorus, and orchestra, op. 31 Der Bei'g- nephew to Friedrich Griesbach, the oboe
;
entriickte, for baritone, with string orches- player pupil of his uncle, George Leopold ;
tra and 2 horns, op. 32 Bergliot (by BjOrn- Jacob Griesbach, and of Kalkbreuner.
;
On
son), for declamation with orchestra, op. 42 ;
the breaking up of the Queen's band, in
Music to BjOrnson's Sigur Jorsalfar, op. 22 ;
which he was violoncellist, he settled in
do. to Ibsen's Peer Gynt, op. 23. For London as a pianist, composer, and teacher.
pianoforte : 4 Clavierstiicke, op. 1 ; Poe- He was fourteen times a director of the
tische Tonbilder, op. 3 ; Ballade, op. 4 4 Philharmonic Society.
; Works Belshaz- :
Humoresken, op. 6 ; Sonata, op. 7 Ro- zar's Feast, oratorio, written in 1835, re-
;
manzeu und Balladen, op. 9 ; Kleine Roman- modelled and performed as Daniel, at the
195
GRIEVE
Harmonic Society, in 1854 Overture and Pianist, pupil at the Leipsic Conservatorium
;
music to Shakespeare's "Tempest ;" James and influenced by Schumann, Joachim, and
I., or the Eoj'al Captive, operetta The Brahms. He settled in 1855 in Gottingen ;
Goldsmith of Westcheap, opera Eblis, as a teacher, and in 1860 became musical ;
uufiiiished opera ; Kaby Ruins, musical director in Miinster. Works 2 orchestral :
drama ; Overtures, symphonies, anthems, suites in canon-form (much played in Ger-

songs, etc. Grove ; Fetis. many) ; An die Musik, for solo, chorus, and
GRIEVE, JOHN CHARLES, bom in orchestra ; Symphony Sonata for piano-
;
Edinburgh, Aug. 29, 1842, stUl living, 1889. forte and violin ; 12 Lieder for voice and
He is lecturer on musical theory in Heriot- pianoforte, op. 1, 3; 6 Lieder for four male
Watt College, and conductor of the Phreuix voices, op. 13, etc. Mendel ; Riemann ;
Musical Association, Edinburgh. Works : Fetis. Supplement, i. 423.

Benjamin, oratorio, Edinburgh, 1877 The ; GRISAR, ALBERT, born in Antwerp,
Sower and the Seed, Scriptui-e parable for Dec. 26, 1808, died
soli and chorus The Good Samaritan, do.
; ;
at Asniores, near
Julia's Birthday, musical sketch Kinder- ; Paris, June 15,
spiel, do. for juveniles Glees, songs, and ; 1869. Dramatic
part-songs. His Stars of the Summer composer, pupil in
Night is popular. Paris of Reicha.
GRIFFIN, GEORGE EUGENE, born Placed by his fam-
Jan. 8, 1781, died in London, May, 1863. ily in a commercial
Pianist, one of the original members of the house in Liverpool,

Philharmonic Society. Works 2 concertos : he ran away to Par-
for pianoforte and orchestra Ode to Char- ; is during the rev-
ity, 1806 4 sonatas for pianoforte 3 string

; ; and began to study under
quartets Rondos, variations, etc.
; Songs, ; Reicha, but the revolution spreading to Bel-
glees, etc.
Grove Fetis. ; gium, he joined his family in Antwerii, and
GRILL, FR.INZ, died at Oedeuburg, wrote there during the siege his first ro-
Hungary, about 1795. Chamber musician mance, La folle, which had quite a success
to a Hungarian nobleman, and known in Belgium and France. His first important
through the following compositions in the dramatic work, Le mariage impossible,
style of Haydn : 15 sonatas for pianoforte opera-comique, given in Brussels in 1833,
and violin, op. 1, 2, 4, 6 ; 12 string quar- procured him a grant from the government
tets, op. 3 (dedicated to Haydn),
5, 7 89 of 1,200 francs to aid his musical education. ;
caprices for pianoforte (1791) ; 6 duos con- He returned to Paris, and devoted himself
certants for pianoforte and violin (1791) to dramatic composition, but, dissatisfied ;
2 do. (1792) ; 3 quartets (1792) ;

Quartet with his work, went to Naples in 1840 and
(1795). Mendel ; Schilling. studied under Mercadante. In 1848 he re-
GRIMM, HEINRICH, born (?), died in turned to Paris, produced many works, and
Brunswick, July 10, 1637. He was a pupil became a pojiular favourite. Nineteen of
of Michael Priitorius, and was cantor in his operas were represented, and he left
Magdeburg and later in Brunswick. He others in MS. He published also more than
wrote church music and theoretical works. fifty melodies and romances. Works Op-
Allgem. d, Biogr., ix. 678 Mendel, iv. 386 eras Sarah, Paris, Opera Comique, 1836
; ; : ;
do., Ergiinz., 412 Schilling, iii. L'an mil, ib., 1837 La Suisse a Trianon,
136 F6tis, ; iv. ; ;
360 Gerber (1790), i. 548 (1812), ii. 411. Theatre des Varietes, 1837 Lady Melvil,
; ; ;
GRDIM, JULIUS OTTO, born in Per- Theatre de la Renaissance, 1838 L'eau ;
uau, Russia, March 6, 1827, still living, 1889. merveilleuse, ib., 1839 Le naufrage de la ;
196
GRISELDA
Moduse (with Flotow and Pilati, ib., 1839 ;
the patient heroine, for, though married to
Les travestissemeuts, Opora Coinique, 1839 ;

the Earl of Peterborough, she consented to
L'opera a la Boieldieu), ib., appear to the world as his mistress only, un-
Cour (with
1840 ; Gille ravisseur, 1848 Les por- til he chose to own her as his wife and to
ib., ;
cherous, ib., 1850 Bonsoii-, monsieur Pau- invest her with the honours of his position.
;
talou, ib., 1851 Le carillvimeur de Bruges, The libretto of Zeno has been set to music
;
ib., 1852 Les amours du diable, Theatre also by the following PoUarolo, Venice,
;
:
Lyrique, 1853 Le chien du jardinier, Opura 1701 Chelleri, Piacenza, 1707

;
Predieri,
; ;
Comique, 1855 Voyage autour de ma cham- Bologna, 1711

;
Capelli, Rovigo, about ;
bre, ib., 1859 Le joaiUier de St. James (a 1710 Orlandini, Bologna, 1720 Scarlatti,
; ; ;
revision of Lady Melvil), ib., 1862 La Rome, 1721 Conti, Vienna, 1725 Caldara,
; ; ;
chatte merveilleuse, Theatre Lyrique, 18G2 Vienna, 1725 Albinoni, Rome, 1728 Vi-
;
; ;
Begaiements d'aiuour, ib., 1804 ; Douze

iunoceutes, Bouffes Parisieus, 1865. He
left 12 operas in MS., some complete, some
only sketched more than fifty melodies,
;
romances, dramatic scenes, etc. Pougin,

Albert Grisar (Paris, 1870) Clument, Mus. ;
culobres, 517 Fetis, Supplement, i. 424

; ;
Mendel ; Riemanu.
GRISELDA, Italian opera in three acts,
text by Apostolo Zeno, rewritten by Rolli,
music by Giovanni Battista Bououcini, rep-
resented at the Academy of Music, London,
Feb. 22, 1722. The libretto is founded on
the story of Griseldis, Griselda, or Grisla,
called by English writers Patient Grissel, a
subject popularized by Boccaccio, Petrarch,
and by Chaucer iu "The Clerk's Tale."
In the original legend, Griselda, daughter
of a Piedmoutese labourer, is married by
the Marquis de Saluces and has by him two
children. Wishing to prove her constancy
and the strength of her love, he puts her to Anastasia Robinson.
the most cruel tests and subjects her to a

thousand humiliations, all of which she valdi, Venice, 1735 Latilla, Rome, 1747 ; ;
bears patiently. When he considers the Picciuni, Venice, 1793 Paer, Parma, 1796, ;
proof of her devotion complete he brings Paris, 1803. Burney, iv. 284 Hogarth, ii. ;
her back iu triumph to his castle. The 18.

principal parts in Bononciui's opera, which GROLL, EVERMODUS, born at Wit-
isregarded as his best dramatic production, tenau in the Upper Palatinate in 1756, died
were sung by Seuesino, Boschi, and Mrs. at Allershausen in 1809. He was educated
Anastasia Robinson, whose admirable per- iu the Benedictine monastery at Reichen-
formance of the character of Griselda is bach and in Ratisbon. He entered the Pre-
said to have completed her conquest of the monstraut Abbey at Scheftlarn, and was
Earl of Peterborough. There seems to music director and leader of the choir.
have been some slight resemblance between After the abolition of the monastery, he
this beautiful woman's career and that of was appointed to the Parish of Allershausen
\m
;
:
geo:n'lakd
in 1807. He composed sympliouies and larity as an instructor of music was great.
masses. Fetis, Gerber, In 1819 he received the degree of Ph.D.
Schilling.
GRONLAND, JOHANN FEIEDRICH, from the Wittenberg University. Works
born about 1760 in Sleswick, died iu Altona Titauia, opera, given at Cassel, 1801 Das ;
in November, 1834 He studied in Kiel in heilige Kleeblatt, do., ib., about 1801 Pas- ;
1780-82, and assisted Cramer in his Maga- sion oratorio Six psalms for 4 voices Six
; ;
ziu der Musik after being secretary iu the

; symphonies for orchestra Several gi-and ;
German Government office in Copenhagen pieces of church music, with orchestra ;
and director of the royal porcelain factor}' Three concertos for pianoforte One con- ;
there, he became organist and music teacher certo for flute ; One do. for clarinet ; One
in Altona. He comijosed songs and piano- do. for 2 oboes ; 12 sonatas for pianoforte
forte music. Fotis, iv. 116 ; Mendel, iv. and violiu ; 3 fantasias for ijianoforte ; 6
390 ; Gerber, ii. 412 ; Schilling, iii. 362. little do. ; Theme and variations ; jMarche
GROOS, KARL AUGUST, born at Sass- de Bonaparte a Marengo Anglaises for ;
mannshauseu, Wittgenstein, Feb. 16, 1789, pianoforte Preludes for organ The Ten ; ;
died iu Coblentz, Nov. 20, 1861. He stud- Commandments for 14 voices and organ ;
ied theology while in Berlin in 1817-18, Choralbuch for the reformed church of
;
he edited, with Bernhard Klein, Deutsche Hesse Hektor's Abschied, by Schiller, for ;
Lieder fiir Jung uud Alt, containing many 2 voices and orchestra Collections of songs. ;
songs of his own composition. He was jjas- Fc'tis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
tor in Coblentz. Some of his songs have GROSJEAN, JEAN ROÎARY, born at
become virtually Volkslieder. Mendel.
Rochesson (Vosges), Jan. 12, 1815, died at
GROOT, DAVID EDU.iRD DE, born in Saint-Die (ib.), Feb. 13, 1888. Organist,
Amsterdam, April 8, 1795, died in Paris, son of a poor artisan. When twelve years
March 29, 1874. Clarinetist, made success- old he was organist of his native place, then
ful concert toui-s in Holland, Belgium, and at Padoux, in 1837 of the princijjal church
Germany. From 1830 he lived in France in Remiremont, and iu 1839 of the Cathe-
;
was dii'ector of a theatre orchestra in Mar- dral of Saint-Dio. Later he was a pu^Dil in
seilles for some time spent the last years Paris of Stamaty. He devoted much time
;
of his life in Paiis. He composed a great to the study of the German organists, and
deal of music for the clarinet, of a high ar- published a work containing selections from
tistic order. Mendel Tiotta. ; their music, with some of his own, entitled,
GROSE, mCHAEL EHREGOTT (TI- .\lbum d'un organiste catholique (2 vols.).
MOTHEUS), German organ virtuoso, died He published also a collection of the Noels
after 1824. He was organist until 1786 at and popular melodies of Lorraine (1861).
St. Gottliardt's-Kirche, Brandenburg, then Fotis Mendel Riemann. ; ;
at Christiansund in Sweden, and finally GROSS, GEORG AUGUST, born in Ko-

in Copenhagen. Works 24 Lieder, with nigsberg, Sept. 28, 1801, died in Hamburg
:
clavier accompaniment (Leipsic, 1780) 6 iu 1853. Pianist and violinist, studied

;
Bonatas for clavier (Berlin, 1785).

Mendel composition uuder Urban. He was Con-
F.'tis. zertmeister in Memel iu 1820, made a con-
GROSHEIM, GEORG CHRISTOPH, cert tour iu 1830, then officiated as teacher
born iu Cassel, July 1, 1764, died there inin Liibeck, and was soon called to Hildes-
1847. He became music director in 1800, heim as music director. Iu 1837 he re-
for a short time, of the new theatre of Laud-
moved to Hamburg, and founded and edit-
grave Friedrich Wilhelm H. of Hesse, and ed the Hamburger musikalische Zeitung.
later was teacher to the children of the He published psalms and songs, and left
Queen of Westphalia, after which his ^wpu- pianoforte and violin music in manuscript.
198
GROSS
Mendel ; F(Jtis, iv. 119; do., Snpplt'ment, GROSSI, Cavaliere CARLO, lived in Ve-
i. 426. nice in the latter part of the 17th century.
GROSS, HEINinCH, born in the 18tli He was a singer in the Chapel of S. Marco,
century, died in Berlin in 1806. Violoncel- and was pensioned in 1685. Works Operas:
list, As a boj' lie played Giocaste, regina d'Armenia, given in Venice,
pupil of Duport.
publicly in Berlin about 1793 lie entered 1676
; II Nicomede in Bitinia, ib., 1677 ;
;
the service of the Swedish Count de Geer, Artaserse, ib., 1669. Church music, can-
and some two years later became first yio- zoni, and madrigali. Caffi, Storia. . . .
loucello in the royal Prussian orchestra. di S. Marco in Venezia, L 308, H. 34 Fetis ; ;
He published a sonata and variations for Mendel.

violoncello. Mendel. GROSS VATERTANZ (Grandfather's
GROSS, JOHANN BENJAJMIN, born in Dance), a German family-dance of the 17tli
Elbing. Prussia, Sept. 12, 1809, died in St. ceuturjf, greatlj' in vogue at weddings. As
Petersburg, Sept. 1, 1848. Violoncellist, it usually concluded the entertainment,
brother of Georg August Gross, and pupil it was called also the Kehraus (Clear-out).
of Hausmann. He was in the orchestra of was very The ail-, called Grossvater-Lied,
the Konigstadtisches Theater of Berlin in popular. Spohr introduces it into the Fes-
182-1-29 then lived in Leijjsic, playing solo tival March written for the marriage of
;
often in the Gewandhaus concerts joined Princess Marie of Hesse with the Duke of
;
the theatre orchestra of ]\Iagdeburg in 1833, Saxe-Meiningen in 1825, and Schumann

but soon returned to Berlin next played uses it in the Davidsbiindler March and in
;
in a private quartet in Dorpat, with Ferdi- the finale of his Papillons, op. 2. Grove.
nand David as first violin, and became first GROTTE, NICOLAS DE LA, lived in
violoncello of the imj)erial orchestra of St. Paris from about 1565 to 1587. He was
Petersburg in 1835. He died of cholera. valet de chambre and organist to Heni-i IH.
He published string quartets, songs, and of France, and one of the best players of his

many violoncello compositions. Mendel time on the organ and spinet. He set Ron- ;
Riemann Fetis. ; sard's chansons to music. Works Chan- :
. GROSSE, SAMUEL DIETRICH, born sons a trois, quatre, cinq et six parties
in Berlin in 1757, died there in 1789. Vio- (Paris, 1553). F6tis.
linist, pupil of Lolli. In 1779 he was in the GRUA, FRANZ PAUL, born in Mann-
orchestra of Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm heim, Feb. 2, 1754, died in Munich, July 5,
of Prussia. He made a concert tour to Paris 1833. Son and pupil of Karl Ludwig Peter
in 1780-82, and joined the royal orchestra of Grua ; studied also under Holzbauer and
Berlin in 1786. Works : Le retour
under Padre Martini and Traetta.
desire, in Italy
comic opera, Berlin, 1784 Cantata Violin In 1779 he became Kapellmeister to the
; ;
concertos, and other music.

Fetis Mendel. Elector Palatine, whose court was then in
;
GROSSER, JOHANN EMANUEL, born Munich, and was pensioned in 1831. Mo-
at Warmbrunn, Silesia, Jan. 30, 1799, died zart thought it was easy enough to write
('?). Organist, son and pupil of Joseph Aloys half a dozen such masses as his in a daj-.
Grosser. He was cantor and organist in Works Telemacco, opera, Munich, 1780 :
;
Friedeberg-on-the-Queis in 1822, organist 31 masses for orchestra 39 oft'ertories and ;
in Hirschberg in 1823, and rector in Polk- motets 6 Miserere 3 Stabat Mater 3 ; ; ;
witz from 1826. He composed masses, Requiem 3 Te Deum Concerto for piano- ; ;
offertories, church and pianoforte music, forte, clarinet, etc. Fetis Mendel. ;
edited a musical weekly, and wrote biog- GRUA, KARL LUDWIG PETER, born
raphies of Haydn, Mozart, and J. S. Bach. in Milan, died after 1714. He is erro-
Mendel ; Schilling ; Fetis. neously called Wilhelm Grua in the older
19U
;
GEUA
lexicons. After receiving a musical educa- torios Church, chamber, and other instru-
;
tion in Slilan, and visiting several Italian

mental music. Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 1 ;
cities,he went to Germany and was for a Mendel Fetis. ;
short time attached to the electoral chapel GRUNBAUM, JOHANN CHRISTOPH,

in Dresden. In 1G97 he settled in Dussel- born at Haslau, near Eger, Oct. 28, 1785,
dorf as Kapellmeister, and in 1714 went to died in Berlin, Jan. 10, 1870. He studied
Mannheim. Works Masses, and MS. mu- music in a convent and in the choir of Rat-
:
sic in Dresden and Berlin libraries.

All- isbon Cathedral tlien became tenor in the ;
gem, d. Biogr., ix. 785 Mendel Fetis.

; ;Ratisbon theatre in 1804, and in the Prague
GRUA, KARL LUDWIG PETER, born theatre in 1807. Having married the
in Milan in 1700, died in Mannheim in singer, Therese Miiller, in 1813, he went
1775. He finished his musical education ^yith her to the court opera of Vienna in
under his uncle Karl Ludwig Peter Grua, 1818, but settled in Berlin from 1832 as
and became Kapellmeister to the court of teacher of singing and writer for music pub-
Mannheim, and in 1712 also director of lishers. He wrote vocal music and trans-
the opera. Works Cambise, Italian opera, lated many operas and songs. Mendel.
:
represented in Mannheim, Jan. 17, 1742. GRUNBERGER, LUDWIG, born in
Fi'tis; Mendel ;Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 785. Prague, April 24, 1839, still living, 1889.
GRUBER, FRANZ, born at Hochburg, Pianist, pupil of Franz Skraup and Josef
Upper Austria, Nov. 25, 1787, died in Hal- Kisch, then in Dresden of Rictz and Rei-
lein, June 7, 1863. Organist in Arnsdorf, chel. Works 2 symphonies Music to : ;
Berndorf, and Hallein. He composed the Lowe's Kindertraum (1885) Dithyrambe ;
Christmas song, Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht, by Schiller 2 string quartets Pianoforte ; ;
long ascribed to Haydn. Mendel. music, and songs.

GRUBER, FRANZ, born in Arnsdorf, GRUNBERGER, THEODOR, German
Nov. 27, 1820, died in Hallein, April 27, composer of the latter part of the 18th cen-
1871. Son and pupil of Franz Gruber tury. He was a monk in a monastery in
;
studied also theory under Taux and the Suabia, and composed masses and organ
violin under Stummer. He was a school- music. Gerber Fetis Mendel. ; ;
teacher in Mauterndorf, Salzburg, and Hal- GRUND, FRIEDRICH WILHELM, born

lein, and founded two musical societies in in Hamburg, Oct. 7, 1791, died there, Nov.
the latter place. His compositions number 24, 1874. Pupil of his father, founded the
I
about sixty, and comprise church and piano- Singakademie in his native city in 1819,
i
forte music, overtures, and songs. Only six and led the Philharmonic concerts in 1828-
of his woi'ks have been printed. Mendel. 62. He was popular as a teacher. Works :
GRUBER, GEORG WILHEL^M, born in Die Burg Falkenstein, Mathilde, operas, not
Nuremberg, Sept. 22, 1720, died there, performed Die Auferstehung und Him-
;
Sept. 22, 1796. Violinist, pupil on the melfahrt Christi, cantata Mass for 8 voices ;
pianoforte and in composition of Dretzel a cappella Symphonies Overtures Octet ; ; ;
and Siebenkees, and on the violin of Hem- for pianoforte and wind instruments Quin- ;
merich. Before he was eighteen j-ears old tet for do., op. 8 Quartet for pianoforte ;
he made a concert tour took lessons in and strings, op. 5 Sonatas for pianoforte,
; ;
counterpoint in Dresden from Umstadt violin, and violoncello, op. 9, 11, 13 do., ;
and about 1750 entered the orchestra of for pianoforte, four hands, op. 10 Sona- ;
Nuremberg, w'here Ferrari's presence in- tinas for pianoforte, op. 14 Hymn by ;
fluenced him gi-eatly. He succeeded Agrell Krummacher Six collections of songs. ;
as Kapellmeister in 1765, and held also

Mendel, Ergiinz., 137 Riemann Fetis, ; ;
honorary municipal offices. Works : Ora- do., Suj)plement, i. 426.

;
GEUNER
GRUNEE, NATHANAEL GOTTFRIED, brothers on the violin and in harmony. In
lived in the latter part of the IStli century,1815 he was violinist in the orchestra of the
died in 1794 at Gera, ^yhere he was cantor united theatres of Presburg and Baden,
and
and music director. He seems also to have in 181G of a Vienna theatre. In 1830 he be-
lived at Lyons, as some of his music was pub- came second director of the
Kiirntnerthor
lished there. Works Dein Ziou streut dir : Theater, and in 1831 member of the im-
Palmeu, cantata Psalms 8, 27, 51, 81, and
; perial chapel. Works : Der Nachtwilchter,
113 for chorus and orchestra Motets ; opera, Vienna, 1835 ; Der Liebhaber als
About 15 chorals in form of cantatas, for Contrebande, do., ib., 1838; 2 masses;
do. Concertos for pianoforte Six sonatas
; ; Graduale and offertory Duos, trios, and ;
for pianoforte, oix 1 (Leipsic, Breitkopf & quartets for violin Vocal quartets Songs. ; ;
Hilrtel,1781) Ten do., op. 2 (ib., 1783)

;
;
AVurzbach Mendel Schilling Fetis. ; ; ;
Four-part songs for church choii-s and GRUTZMACHER, FRIEDRICH (WIL-

schools, 1st and 2d book (Leipsic, Koll- HELM LUDWIG),
mann). FiHis ; Mendel. born in Dessau, March
GRUNEWALD, KARL HE IN RICH, 1, 1832, still living,
singer and composer, lived in the first part 1889. Violoncellist, pu-
of the 18th century, died at Darmstadt in pil of his father, of
1739. He was singing in the Hamburg '
Drechsler on the vio
Theatre in 1703 was court singer in Ber- loncello, and of F.
;
lin about 1708 ; he became Viceka- Schneider in theory.

later
pellmeister in Darmstadt. He is said to He went to Leijjsic in
have composed several operas, of which, 1848, attracted the at-
however, only one is still known Germani- tention of David, and in 1849 became first
:
cus, oder die gerettete Unschuld, given suc- violoncellist of the Gewandhaus orchestra,
cessfully in Hamburg, 170G. Gerber and
in the Conservatorium.
; In teaclier
Mendel ; Schilling. ho was appointed chamber virtuoso in
ISfiO
GRliNFELD, ALFRED, born in Prague, Dresden he has made many concert tours ;
July 4, 1852, still liv- and formed many distinguished pujiils.

ing, 1889. Pianist, Works : Concertos for violoncello and or-
pupil of Julius Theo- chestra ; Variations, for do. ; IMusic and ex-
dore Hiiger, and at ercises for violoncello ; Chamber and or-
the Conservatorium chestral music Pianoforte pieces Songs.
; ;
of Krejfi, then in He has published also many editions of

Berlin at Kullak's standard works. His brother, Leojjold
Academy; in 1837 he Griitzmacher (born at Dessau, Sept. 4,
settled in Vienna, 1835), is a violoncellist virtuoso at Weimar,
where he at once and a composer for his instrument. IMen-
made for himself a del Grove Riemann, 34G Fetis, Supple- ; ; ;
prominent position as a concert player, and ment, 427 Mus. Wochenblatt, i. 599. i. ;
whence he has undertaken successful con- GUAITOLI, FRANCESCO MARIA, born

cert tours abroad, especially in 1883 to St.
at Carpi in 15G3, died there, Jan. 3, 1G28.
Petersburg and IMoscow. As a composer Church composer, canon and maestro di
he is known by songs and pianoforte music. capiêlla of the cathedral of his native place,
Mus. Wochenblatt, siv. 343. also of the confraternity of San Rocco from
GRUTSCH, FRANZ SERAPH, born in 1G02. Works: Salmi per vespri a 5 voci
Vienna, Oct. 24, 1800, died there, April 5, (Venice, 1G04) ; Libro primo di madrigali
18G7. Violinist, pupil of the Blumenthal (ib., IGOO) ; Canzonette a tre e quattro voci
201
-^
GUAMI
(ib., Psalmi ad tertiam quinis Toci- Under Louis XHI. he was superintendent of
IGOC) ;
bus, etc. 1618) Messe e Motetti .a otto church music and wrote many of the court
(ib., ;
voci, 1st auj 2d book (ib., 1G18). Fctis ballets. He was also a favorite composer ;
Mendel. of chansons for one voice, which began to

GUAm, GIUSEPPE, bom in Lucca, take the jslace of those for three, four, or
about 1.540, Organist of the more voices, in the reign of Henri IV. Fc-
died in 1626.
ro_yal chapel at Municli in 1.57.5, second or- tis Larousse Mendel. ; ;
ganist of S. Marco, Venice, in 1.588, and or- GUEIT, MARIUS, born

about in Paris,
ganist to the cathedi-al of Lucca in 1591. 1810, Blind organist
still living, 1889 (?).
He was celebrated also as a violinist. and composer, whose improvisations on the

Works : JIadrigals and motets ; Church organ were remarkable was also a finished ;
music, found in the collections of the time. violoncellist, pupil of Benazet. Organist of
Fctis, 127 Supplement,
iv. ; i.427 Bur- the Church of Saint-Paterne, Orleans, 1831-
;
ney, Hist. Music, iii. 545 ; Mendel, iv. 1840, of Saint-Denis au Marais, Paris, 1841.
428 ; do., Ergiinz., 187. Works L'indicateur de I'organiste, 60 :
GUAEANY, Hj, Italian opera seria in four jjieces for anthems, Kyrie, Gloria, etc. ; 12
acts, text by Sealvini, music by Carlos Go- pieces for the organ ; 3 oifertories for do.,
mez, first represented at La Scala, Milan, op. 25 ; Fantaisies, divertissement, romances,
March 19, 1870. Spanish adventurers sur- serenades, etc., for organ and harmonium ;
round with suares a noble Portuguese, Motets for several voices, and organ Can- ;
whose daughter and treasures they intend ticles Method for the organ. Fetis Men- ; ;
to carry off. An Indian chief of the tribe del.

of the Guarany, protects the family and tri- GUENEE, LUC, Aug. 19, born at Cadiz,
umphs over the iilibustcrs. The work, 1781, died in Paris, in 1847. Dramatic com-
which was interpreted by Mme Marie Sass, poser, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire under
Maurel, and Villani, was fairly successful. Gavinies and Rode, and later of Mazas and
It was given soon after in Rome, and at Reicha. He entered in 1829 the orchestra of
Covent Garden, London, July 13, 1872. the Opera, of which he was a member twentj--
GUAZZONI, FEDERIGO, born near five years. He was also chef d'orchestre
IMilan in the 18th century, died in Rome in at the Palais Royal Theatre. Works Op-
1787. He studied music in Naples ; was eras La chambre a coucher, Paris, Opera-
:
maestro di cappclla in several small Ital- Comique, 1813 La comtesse de Troun, ;
ian cities, and finally in Rome in 1770. Of ib., 1816 Une visite a la campagne, Gym-
;
his masses, otYertories, litanies, etc., some nase Dramatique Concerto for violin and ;
are still in use in Italy. His operas are for- orchestra Trios for 2 violins and bass, op.
;
gotten. ^Mendel ; Schilling, Supplement, 5 Three duos concertants for violins, op.
;
176. 1 ; Thi-ee do., op. 2 ; Six caprices for violin,

GUDRUN, opera, in three acts, text and with bass Thi-ee quartets for strings, oj). ;
music by Felix Driiseke, first given in

Han- 4. Fetis Mendel. ;
over, Nov. 5, 1884. Great success. Pub- GUltlNIN, MARIE ALEXANDRE, born
lishedby Kistner (Leipsic, 1884). Same ti- at Maubeuge (Nord), Feb. 20, 1744, died in
tle,by Amand Mangold, Darmstadt, 1851 Paris in 1819. Violinist, pupil of Capron ;
August Reissmann, Leipsic, 1871 August on the violin and of Gossec in composition.
;
Klughardt, Neustrelitz, 1882, Leipsic, 1884. He played a concerto of his own at the Con-
GUl^DRON, PIERRE, born in Paris, certs Spirituels in 1775 was intendant of the ;
about 1565, died (?). He was a singer in Prince de Conde's music in 1777 member ;
the King's music from 1590 and succeeded of the royal chapel in 1778, and solo violin
Claude Lejeune as composer to the king. at the Oi^cra iu 1780-1800. In 1810-14 he ,
202
; ;;
GUERCIA
was second violin to Charles IV. of Sj)ain. vain in 1563, are now in the Vienna library.
Works : U sj'inplionies ; G string quartets Eslava's Lira sacro-hispana has the Passion
18 violin duets G sonatas for two violins
; according to St. Matthew, for 4 voices, for
;
3 sonatas for jîanoforte and violin 3 vio- Palm Sunday, and that according to St.
;
loncello duets.
Fetis Mendel Eiemauu ;
John, 5 voices, for Good Friday also 3
; ;
;
Wasielewski, Die Violine, 251. motets for 5 voices and a 4-j)art mass. Si-
GUEKCIA, ALFONSO, born in Naples, mile est reguum ccelorum. His Psalmo-
Nov. 13, 1831, Composer,
still living, rum
1889.quat. voc, etc., Missarum defunctorum
professor of singing at the Naples Conserva- (Rome, 1559), and Primo lib. di salmi (ib.,
torio. His opera, Rita, was represented in 1584), are in the same work. Besides these,
Naples, Dec. 11, 1875. He is the author also II secoudo libro di messe (Rome, 1584), and
of many songs, and of a theoretical work, Libro di motetti a quattro, etc. (Venice),
L' Arte del canto italiano.
Fetis, Supple- are given in Fetis' list. Fetis, iv. 136
ment, i. 428 Mendel, ErgUuz., 137.
;
Supplement, i. 429 Mendel. ;
GUEEIN, EjSIJMANUEL, born in Ver- GUEST, GEORGE, born at Bury St. Ed-
sailles in 1779, died (?). Yioloucellist, pupil mund's, England, in 1771, died at Wisbeach,
at the Paris Conservatoire of Levasseur. He Cambridgeshire, Sept. 10, 1831. Organist,
was a member of the orchestra at the Thea- son and pupil of Ralph Guest chorister in ;
tre Feydeau in 1799-1824. Works Sona- the Chapel Royal under Dr. Nares and Dr.
:
tas, duets, and variations for the violoncello. Ayrton, organist at Eye, Suffolk, in 1787-
Fetis ; Eiemann. 89, then at Wisbeach until his decease.

GUERRA, GUERRA. See Norma. Works Anthems: Hymns Glees Duets
; ; ;
GUERRERO (Guerreiro), FRANCISCO, Organ music ; Military baud music. Grove ;
born at Beja, Portugal, in 1528, died at Fetis ; Mendel.

Seville, Jan. 15, 1600. Church composer, GUEST, RALPH, born at Basely, Shrop-
jiupil of his elder brother, Pedro, a pro- shire, England, in 1742, died at Bury St.
fessor of music, and later of Morales. In Ednunid's, June, 1830. Organist, member
1546 he became maestro de capilla of the of the Portland Chapel choir, London, 1763 ;
Cathedral of Jaen, and in 1550 a singer in pupil in organ playing at Bury St. Ednuuid's
the Cathedral of Seville, where he was asso- of Ford, organist of St. James's Church ;
ciated with andsucceeded Fernandez

tiually choir-master and organist of St. Mary's,
as maestro. In 1588 he undertook a jour- Bury Edmund's, in 1805-22. He pub-
St.
ney to Jerusalem, passing through Italy, lished "The Psalms of David," a collection
wliere he left with Zarlino his compositions of old psalm tunes with about sixty new
for revision. Some of his earlier composi- ones, and a supplement, "Hymns and
tions had been already published in Paris, Psalms," with music composed and adapt-
Louvain, and Rome, which would seem to ed by himself. He was author of many
imply that he had previously visited those popular songs. Grove Fetis Mendel. ; ;
cities. His works are known throughout GUGL, IMATTHAUS, lived in the first
Spain, in every cathedral towu, but are ex- part of the 18th century. Organist of the
tremely rare in the rest of Europe. His cathedral in Salzburg, composed music of
most important works were published im- great popularity at the time, and wrote an
der the title. Liber primus Missarum, F. instruction book. Mendel ; Schilling ; Fetis.
Guerrero, Hispalensis Odei phonasco au- GUGLIELMI, PIETEO, born at Massa-
thore (Paris, 1566) this contains 4 masses

; Carrara, Italy, May, 1727, died in Rome,
in 5 parts and 5 in 4 parts, and some mo- Nov. 19, 1804. Dramatic composer, son
tets in 5, 6, and 8 parts. This work and a and pupil of an accomplished musician who
collection of Magnificats, printed at Lou- was maestro di cappella to the Duke of
203
;
GUGLIELMI
Modena ;
pupil at tlie Conservatorio of San Feb. 28, 1817. Dramatic composer, son of
!
Loreto, Naples, of Durante. On leaviug Pietro Guglielmi pupil at the Conserva- ;
the Conservatorio, be made a tour through torio of Loreto, Naples. He produced his
Italy and brought out -his first ojJera in first opera in Naples when only twenty
Turin, in 1755. From that time the prin- years old. After visiting several Italian
cipal cities of Italy composer, and London in 1810,
disiûted the privi- cities as a
lege of producing his operas, of which he he became maestro di cappella to the arch-
wrote nearly two buudi'ed. In 1762 be duchess Beatrice of Massa-Carrara. Works
went to Venice, soon after to Dresden and Operas Asteria e Teseo, Naples, about :
Brunswick, and in 1772 to London, where 1783 La fiera, ib., about 1785 II nau- ; ;
he was not very successful, as Piccinni fragio fortunato, ib., about 1787 L' equivo-
;
w'as then the reigning favourite. When he co degli sposi, ib., about 1789 La serva
;
returned to Naples after an absence of bizzarra, ib.,about 1790 L' erede di Bel ;
I
fifteen years, be found that Cimarosa and j

Prato, about 1799 L' isola di Calipso, ;
Paisiello bad taken his place iu pojjular Milan, 1813 La persuasione corretta, Na-
;
favour but, notwithstanding the efforts

; ples, about 1814 Ernesto e Palmira, Italy,
;
made by their followers, be eventually di- about 1814 La moglie giudice del marito,
;
vided the favours of the Neapolitan public Naples, about 1815 Romeo e Giulietta, ;
with them. The three subsequently formed

about 1816. Fotis Mendel. ;
themselves into a mutual protective society GUHR, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH

to keep out intruders, and agreed upon a FLORIAN, born at Militsch, Prussian Sile-
common jjrice of sis hundred ducats for sia, April 17, 1791, died (?). Pupil of bis
each opera that the}' should produce. Gu- father was in the orchestra of the Count ;
glielmi finally gave up dramatic composi- von Maltzahn in his native town in 1807-10 ;
tion, and in 1793 accepted the position of then continued his studies at the seminary
maestro at the Vatican, and composed in Breslau. On bis return he assisted his
church music. Most of his operas are for- father as cantor, and later succeeded him
gotten, but those that remain arc wortliy of iu that position. He composed some songs,
a place in the history of music. Some of hisand wrote an elementary book on music.
opere buffs are stiU played in Italy. Prin- Fetis Mendel.
'
cipal works : I viaggiatori ridicoli (1772) GUHR, KARL FRIEDRICH WIL-

La serva iunaniorata (1778) ; La bella pesca- HELM, born at Militsch, Prussian Silesia,
trice (1779) ; I fi-atelli Papjja IMosca (Milan, Oct. 30, 1787, died in Frankfort-on-the-
1783) ; La pastorella nobile (1783) ; La Di- Main, July 22, 1848. Pianist and violinist,
done (Venice, 1785) Enea e Lavinia (Na- ; son and pupil of Karl Christoph Guhr, and
ples, 1785) I due gemelU (Rome, 1787).
; pupil of Faust, Jauitschek, Berner, Wolfl,
His church compositions are mostly ora- Schnabel, and Vogler. At fourteen he had
torios. La morte d' Abele Betulia liberata ; been a member of Count von Maltzalin's
I
La distruzione di Gerusalenime Debora ;

'
orchestra in Militsch, and after finishing

e Sisera, considered his masterpiece by his studies he joined it again in 1804. In
Zingarelli, written for the Vatican iu 1794 ;
1807 he became chamber musician in Wiirz-
Le lagrime di San Pietro besides masses, ; burg, soon after musical du'cctor of the
motets, etc.
Fetis Grove Mendel Eie- ; ; ; Nuremberg theatre, and in 1813 of Wies-
mann ; Schilling ; Hogartli, Hist, of Miis. baden. He went to Cassel as Hofkapell-
Drama, 160 ; Burnej', Hist, of Music, iv. '
meister, and in 1821 as director of music at
493. ;
Frankfort-on-the-Main. Works Operas :
GUGLIELMI, PIETRO CARLO, born Feodora, Die Vestalin, Cassel, 1814 ; Deo-
in Naples in 1763, died iu Massa-Carrara, data, ib., 1815 ; KOnig Siegmar, ib., 1819 ;
204
GUICHARD
Aladdin, oder die Wunderlampe, Frankfort, king's service in 1733, was appointed teach-
1830 A mass A symphony ; Pianoforte er to the dauphin, and in 1741 had revived
; ;
rondo for four hands Sonata for jjiauo- in his favor the extinct
; title of Roi des vio-
forte ; He wrote also ons but his at-
Violin concerto ; etc. : ;
" Paganini's Kunst die Violine zu spieleu " tempt to levy taxes
(Mainz, 1831). Gollmick, Carl Guhr, Nek- ou other musicians
rolog. (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 18i8) Men- led to an acrimoni-
;
del ; Fetis ; Riehl, Mus. Charakterkupfe, lous dispute and to

iii. 189 ; Dubourg, The Violin, 2i5. the revocation of his
GUICHARD, Abbe FRANgOIS, born powers in 1750,
at Mans, France, Aug. 26, IHB, died in though he did not
Paris, Feb. 2i, 1807. He was counter- resign the title until
tenor and later sous-maitre at Notre Dame, 1773. He was an
Paris. During the Revolution he taught excellent orchestra
the guitar and published music for that in- leader, and published several books of Con-
strument. He published Essais de Psalmo- certos, Sonatas, Duos, etc. Fetis; Grove;
die, containing Magnificats (1783). His Fayolle, Hist, du Violon Dubourg, The;
chansons were popular. Fetis Mendel. ; Violin, 189.

GUIDO ET GINEVRA, ou la peste de GUILLAUiAIE DE MACHAU (de Bla-
Florence (The Plague of Florence), ojiera chaut, Guillermusde Mascaudio, Guiglielmo
in five acts, text by Scribe, music by Halevy,di Francia), born at Machau, Champagne,
represented at the Academic Royale de Mn- about 1284, died after 1370. He was in
sique, Paris, March 9, 1838. The libretto the service of Jeanne de Navarre, wife of
is founded on an ejjisode in Delecluze's Philippe le Bel, and in 1307-14 was valet
"Histoire de Florence." Ginevra, daughter to that king. After that he was clerk to
of Cosmo de' Medici, falls in a swoon during Jean de Luxembourg, King of Bohemia,
the celebration of her marriage with the where he lived thirty years, returning to
Duke of Ferrara. Believed to be a victim France after the death of his master at
of the plague then prevailing, she is en- Crecy in 1346. He then entered the ser-
tombed, but, as in Romeo and Juliet, vice of the Duchess of Normandy, was sec-
awakes and escapes from the vault. Re- retary to the Duke Jean le Bon, afterwards
pulsed everywhere in the terrified and al- King of France, and served his successor
most deserted city, she is received into the Charles V. in the same capacity. His com-
house of Guido, a young sculjDtor who had positions consist of motets, ballads, ron-
long loved her. Cosmo de' Medici at last deaux, and a mass said to have been used
finds hisdaughter and consents to her marat the coronation of Charles V., preserved
riage with Guido. Although the work con- in the MS. collections in the National Li-
tains many musical gems, its lugubrious brary, Paris. His masses and motets were
plot interfered with its success. It was long used as models. One of his poems gives
revived, however, in four acts, Oct. 23, a curious account of the musical instru-
1810. ments in use at that time. Fetis ; La-
GIHGNON, JEAN PIERRE, born in rousse ; Mendel.
Turin, Feb. 10, 1702, died in Versailles, GUILLAU.AIE TELL, lyrical drama in
Jan. 30, 1775. Violinist, the last " Roi des three acts, text by Sedaine, music by Gretry,
Violons et des Menetriers." At first a vio- first represented at the Italiens, Paris, Ai^ril
he relinquished that in- 9, 1791. The subject, which had previously
loncellist in Paris,
strument for the violin, on which he is said been treated musically by Lemiere, was be-
to have rivalled Leclair. He entered the j'oud the composer's range. The opera was
205
GITILLAUME
reinstrumented bj- Berton and Eifaut in given also as Guillaume Tell, at the same
1828. house, Dec. 3, 1838 and an Italian version,
;
GUILLAUME TELL, grand opera, in Guglielmo Tell, was produced at Her Maj-
tliree acts, textby litienne Join-, Hippolyte esty's, July 11, 1839. The scene is laid
Bis, and Ai-mand Mai-ast, music by Rossini, in Switzerland in the thirteenth century.
Original cast in Paris, 1829 :
Arnold INI. Adolphe Nourrit.

Walter M. Levasseur.
TeU M. Dabadie.
Ruodi M. A. Dupont.
Rodolphe M. Massol.
Gessler M. Prevost.
Leuthold M. Prcvot.
Jemmy Mme Dabadie.
Mathilde Mme Cinti-Damoreau.
Hedwige Mile Mori.
Each of these roles has since been filled by

famous singers, among whom Gilbert Du-
prez (born in 1806), has been among the
most noted. His novel and stirring reading
of the part of Arnold contributed greatly to
the success of the oisera on its revival in
1837 at the Opera. The plot is briefly as
follows : One of the followers of Gessler,
Austrian bailiff in Kiissnacht, having at-
tempted an outrage upon the daughter of
the herdsman Leuthold, is slain by the fa-
Duprez. as Arnold.
ther, who flies for refuge to Tell and is pro-
first represented at the Aeademie Royale de tected by him. Tliis excites the rage of
Musique, Paris, Aug. 3, 1829. Tlic compos- Gessler, and Mclclital, the father of Arnold,
er's thirty-seventh and last oijera, and his is accused of inciting people to insurrection
masterpiece. The libretto, derived from and put to death. Ai'nold, enamoured of Ma-
Schiller's drama, " Wilhelm Tell " (1804), was thilde, Gessler's daughter, has long vacillated
written originally in five acts by Jouy, but, between love and duty, but now renounces
proving unsatisfactorj', was largely rewritten his love and devotes himself to avenging
by Bis, and lastly worked over by Marast, his father's death. He joins Tell in the
to whom belongs the conspiracy scene, the mountains, where the second act closes
best in the opera. In 1831 the third act with the grand conspiracy scene, the secret
was omitted and the fourth and fifth acts banding together of the cantons under the
were condensed into one, and the opera is leadership of Tell, who promises to lead
now jjlayed everywhere in its three-act them to victory or death. In the third act
form but in 1856 it was performed entire Gessler, to discover who is and who is not
;
in Paris, and lasted from seven until one loyal, commands everybody to do homage
o'clock. An English version, entitled Hofer, to his hat, which he places upon a pole in
the Tell of the Tyrol, text by Planche, mu- the public square at Altorf. Tell refus-
sic arranged by Bishop, was given in Lon- ing, he is ordered to shoot an apple from his
don, at Drury Lane, May 1, 1830 it was son's head.
; When about to retire after ac-
S06
; ;;
GUILLON
oomplisliiiig this feat, Gessler demands of Conservatoire of Devieune and of Wunder-
him why he had concealed another arrow lich won the second prize in 1798, and the
;
under his cloak. Tell defiantly answers first in 1808, but had to wait until 1815 be-
that it was intended for him in case be had fore obtaining a position as second flute
slain his son. On this he is thrown into in the orchestra of the Opera, and in the
l^rison. Mathilde, outraged by her father's royal chapel. In 181G he became professor
cruel acts, deserts him and joins the pa- at the Conservatoire, and in 1830 started
triots with the purpose of procuring Tell's on a concert tour through Belgium, Ger-
rescue but she is anticipated by Arnold. many, Sweden, etc., and settled at St.
;
Gessler is slain, Tell returns in triumph to Petersburg. Works 2 concertos for flute :
his family, and Arnold and Mathilde are and orchestra Concertino Themes vai-ius
; ;
united. The overture is Kossini's master- for do. Themes for flute and quartet
;
piece in this form. Among the noteworthy Duos, fantaisies, etc. Fetis ; Mendel.
numbers in the opera are, in the first act, GUILMANT, FELIX ALEXANDRE,
the quartet between Tell, Hedwige, Jemmy, born at Boulogne, France, March 12, 1837,
and a fisherman, " Accours dans ma nacelle," still living, 1889. Organist, son and pupil
and the recitative of Arnold, " Le mien, of the organist of the Church of Saint-
dit-il." In the second act are the romance Boulogne pupil of Gustave Ca-
Nicolas, ;
by Mathilde, "Sombre forct," the passion- and later (1860) of Lemmens.

rulli, In
ate duet between Mathilde and Arnold, 1857 he became organist of the church of
" Oui, vous I'arrachez :\ mon Ame," the trio, S.aint-Joseph, Boulogne, and maitre de cha-
" Tu nV-tais pas seul en ees lieux," and the pelle of Saint-Nicolas, and soon after pro-
fine chorus at the gathering of the Cantons. fessor of solfege in the Ecole Communale.
The third act contains the air of Tell, in the He was also director and organizer of the
famous scene of the shooting of the apple, Boulogne Societo Orpheonique and a mem-
" Sois immobile," and a passionate aria by- ber of the Societe Philharmonique. In 1871

Arnold, "Asile hereditaire." Clement and he removed to Paris, where he became or-
Larousse, 331 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, ganist of the Church of La Trinite, a posi-
;
118 Upton, Standard Operas, 202.

; tion which he still occupies. He has made
GUILLON, ALBERT, born at Meaux concert tours in England, Italy, and Russia.
(Seine-et-Marne), France, in 1801, died in Guilmant is one of the best organists of
Venice, Ajiril, 1854. Dramatic composer modern times, and is unexcelled for bril-
made his first musical studies at the Cathedral i masses with
liancy of execution. Works :
of Paris, then at the Conservatoire pupil of orchesti'a or organ

Motets for 4 voices,;
Fctis and of Berton won the prix de Rome with do.

; 12 motets for 1-4 voices, with or-
;
in 1825 with his cantata Ariaue a Naxos, gan Echos du mois de Marie, canticles ;
;
and lived several years in Rome, whence he Quam dilecta (83d psalm), for soli and
sent some sacred compositions to the lu- chorus, with organ, op. 8 Sonatas for or- ;
stitut de France. He then went to Venice, gan Symphony for do., and orchestra
;
and in 1830 wrote for the Teatro della Fen- Many other pieces for organ L'organiste ;
ice his opera Maria di Brabante, which was pratique.

Fetis, Supplement, i. 435 Men- ;
well received. Patronized by a noble family, del, Ergiinz., 138 Riemann. ;
who intrusted him with the administration GUIMET, EMILE, born in Lyons, France,
of their estates, he abandoned music, and in 1836, still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of
devoted himself to agriculture. Fetis. Debillemont, Lindau, and Luigini. The son
GXJILLOU, JOSEPH, born in Paris in of a wealth}- chemical manufacturer, he has
1786, died at St. Petersburg, Sejitember, given much attention as an amateur to music.
1853. Virtuoso on the flute, pupil at the He has been at the head of the great musical
S07
;
GUIRAUD
societies of Lj-ons, and is a member of the j
sented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Jan. 9,
Academy. Works : L'cBuf blanc et I'oeuf 1798. Same title, German opera by Siiss-
rouge, ballet, Lyons, Grand Tlu'utre, 1867 ;

mayer, represented in Vienna in 1800. Ital-
Le feu du ciel, oratorio, by Libani, Rome, 1869, and Flor-

Loudon, 1872, ian I
ojieras
Paris, 1873. He published a collection of ence, 1870, and by Guarneri, Genoa, 1877.
melodies and pianoforte pieces (1859), be- GUMBEET, FERDINAND, born in Ber-
sides several orpheonic choruses. Fetis, lin, April 21, 1818, still
Supplument, i. 435. living, 1889. Dramatic

GUIRAUD, ERNEST, born, of French composer studied
; first
New Orleans, Louisiana, June 23,

parents, in the violin, then sing-
1837, still living, 1889. Dramatic composer, ing under Fischer and
son and pupil of Jean Baptiste Guiraud, who composition under Clii-
won in 1827 the grand prix de Rome. He pius. Destined to be
visited Paris at the age of twelve and on his a bookseller, he pre-
return to New Orleans brought out an oiêra ferred the stage, and
Le roi David. Soon after he went again to secured a theatrical en-
Paris,and studied, at the Conservatoire, the gagement at Sonders-
pianoforte under Marmontel (2d prize, hausen in 1839, and another as baritone
1857 1st prize, 1858), harmony under in Cologne in 1840-42.
; Then, taking
Barbereau, and composition under Hak'vj' Kreutzer's advice, he settled in his native
grand prix de Rome, 1859, for his cantata, city as a teacher and composer. His songs
Bajazet et le joueur defiilte. Was in Rome are very popular. Works Operettas Die :
18G0-G3, served during the war of 1870-71, scliiine Schusterin, given in Berlin, 1844 ;
and when it was ended played at the Concerts Die Kunst geliebt zu werden, 1850 Der ;
Populaires, bringing out at one of them in kleine Ziegenhirt, 1854 Bis der Rechte ;
1872 a suite for orchestra which secured kommt, 185G Karolina, and others More ; ;
him a recognized position among the leaders than 400 songs. He has published also
of the French school of composers. Ap- German translations of songs, and of Offen-
pointed professor of harmony and accom- bach's and other French ojjeras articles for ;
paniment at the Conservatoire in 187G. musical journals, and the book, Musik, Ge-

Works Operas Sylvie, Paris, Oi)rra Co- lesenes und Gesammeltes (Berlin, 1860).
:
mique, 18G4 En prison, Tlu'atrc Lyrique, Mendel Riemann Fetis, iv. 161 Sup-
; ; ; ;
18G9 Le Kobold, Opura Comique," 1870 jilement, i. 438.

; ;
Madame Turlupin, Thuiitre de I'Athunee, GUMPELTZH AIMER, ADA:\r, born at

1872 ; Gretna-Green, ballet, Opera, 1873 ;
Trostberg, Bava-
Piccolino, Opera Comique, 1876 ; La galante ria, in 1559, died
aveuture, ib., 1882 ; Gli avveuturieri, opera in Augsburg,
buffa ; Messe solennelle
Concert overture, ; 1625. Church
etc. Fetis, Supplement,437 Riemann. composer, pupil i. ;
GULISTAN, OU LE HULLA DE SA]M- in Augsburg of

ARCANDE, opera- comique in three acts, the monk Jodo-
text by La Chabeaussiere, music bj' Dalaj'- cus Euzm idler ;
rac, firstrepresented at the Opera Comique, in 1575 he en-

Paris, Sept. 20, 1805. The subject is from tered the service
the "Arabian Nights." of the Duke of
GULNARE, OU L'ESCLAVE PER- Wurtemberg in 1581 he became cantor
;
SANE, opera-comique in one act, text by Augsburg. His church music is of a

in
Marsollier, music by Dalayrac, first repre- high order. Works Erster Theil des Lust- :
;
:
GUNG'L
giirtleins teutscli imtl (born, 1828, died in 1883), was also a fa-
lateiuischer Lieder
von 3 Stimmeu Zwei- vourite composer of dance music, gave con-
(AuL;sbiirg', 1591) ;
ter Theil (ib., IGll) Erster des Wiirtzgilrt- certs in Berlin, 1843-45, and St. Peters-
;
leius J:-stimmiger geistliclier Lieder (ib., burg, 1845-54, and retired to Fiinfkirchen,
1594) ; Zweiter Theil, do. (ib., 1G19) Psal- Hungary, in 1862. ; Mendel ; Fetis ; Eie-
mus 1. octovocum (ib., 1G04) Partitio sa- maun, 351.
;
croruin conceutuum, etc. (ib., 1G14) ; Pars GURLITT, COENELIUS, born at Al-
ii., do. (ib., 1G19) ; Zebu geistliche Lieder tona in 1820, still living there, 1889. Dra-
mit 4 stimmen Fiiuf do. Newe teutsche
; ; matic composer, jDupil of Eeinecke the el-
geistliche Lieder (ib., 1591-92); Motets. der ;

professor at the Conservatoriiim, Ham-
He also rearranged and edited the famous burg ; was appointed royal music director
Coiupeiidium musica; of Heiurich Faber, Works Scheik Hassan, oijcra in 1874. :
;
vinder the title, Coiupeudiuiu musica; pro Die rOmische Mauer, operetta Rafael San- ;
illius artis tirouibus, etc. (Augsburg, 1591-zio, do. Quartet for strings 3 sonatas ;
;
1G75, 12 editions).
Allgem. d. Biogr., x. for violin Sonata for violoncello 2 sona- ; ;
119 ;Futis Mendel lliemanu Ambros, tinas for do. Sonatas for pianoforte In-
; ; ; ; ;
iii. 559 Mouatshefte filr Musikgeschichte structive pieces for do.; Songs and duets.
;
(1870), 27 (1872), 51, 122 Wiuterfeld, Der

;
Riemann Mendel.
; ;
evaiig. Kirchengesang, i. 498. GURRLICH, JOSEPH AUGUSTIN, born

GUNG'L, JOSEPH, born at Zsambek, at MCuisterberg, Silesia, in 17G1, died in
Hungary, Dec. 1, Berlin, June 27, 1817. He studied the-
1810, died at Wei- ology in the Jesuit Latin school in Breslau.
mar, Jan. 31, 1889. In 1784 he became organist at the Hed-
Bandmaster, jj u - wigskirche, Berlin, in 1790 entered the
pil of Semaun. He court orchestra there, in 1811 was ap-
entered the Aus- pointed assistant conductor of the ojiera,
trian army as an and in 181G court Kapellmeister. Works
oboist, and sooji Operas
Das Incognito, Berlin, 1797 :
;
became band- Der Opernschneider, ib., 1801 Hans Max ;
master. With his Giesbrecht von Humpenburg, ib., 1815

baud gave concerts Alfred der Grosse (unfinished). Ballets
in the German cit- Das Opfer vor der Bildsilule des Amor, Ver-
ies until 1843, when he collected an orches- tumnus und Pomona, 1804 Die Einschif- ;
tra of his own in Berlin. In 1849 he took fung nach Cythera, Die Schwesteru als Ne-
this orchestra to the United States, but was beubuhlerinuen, Der Dorfschulmeister, Die
not very successful. He was ai^pointed Verwandlungeu aus Liebe, 1805 Der un- ;
royal Prussian musical director in 1850, terbrochene Dorfjahrmarkt, 1806 Echo ;
Kapellmeister to an Austrian infantry regi- und Narcissus, 1813 Lucas und Laui'ette, ;
ment in 1858 settled in Munich in 1864, 1815 Die Ruckkehr des Mars, 1815 Die
; ; ;
and moved to Frankfort-on-the-Main in deutschen Frauen, Alexander und Campas-

1876. W'ith his orchestra he has visited pe, Der Maler, 1817 Music to Goethe's ;
almost all the larger cities of Europe, and Die Lauue des VerUeben do. to several ;
played chiefly light music of his own com- dramas L' Obedienza di Giouata, oratorio ; ;
position. His dances have been almost as 4 cantatas Pianoforte music and songs. ;
Works Hun- Fetis Mendel Schilling.

popular as those of Strauss. : ; ;
garian march, op. and other marches and

1, GUST AVE HI., ou le bal masque (The
dances, numbering altogether more than Masked Ball), opera in five acts, text by
300 pieces. His nephew, Johanu Gung'l Scribe, music by Auber, first represented
;
GUTE
at tlie Academie Koyale tie IMusique, Paris, were burned. In 1793 he returned to Vi-
Feb. 27, 1833. The' libretto deals with the enna after an absence of seven years. Un-
story of Gustavus III. of Sweden, who was derstanding six languages, he acted as sec-
shot at a masked by Ankar- retary of legation in several German cities,
ball iu 1792,
stroiu, the iustrumeut of a couspiracj' of uo- and in 1S0J;-31 was KaiJellmeister of the
bles but Scribe has taken liberties with court theatre in Vienna, from which he re-
;
history by making the kiug the victim of tired on a slender pension. His fertility
au outraged husband. The scene of the was remarkable, and his compositions were
masked ball iu the last act is magnificent, very popidar iu their time, though they are
and is often rej)resented singly. The galojs now forgotten. His style is often an imita-
from Gustave is famous. tion of Haydn's. Wôrks Operas Selico, :
GUTE NACHT, DU "U'ELTGETUiM- 1801 Ar/nex Sorel, ISOO Der Augenai'zt, ; ;
]MEL, bass aria in G minor, with accompa- 1811 Die Priifung, 1813, approved by
;
niment of strings complete, and coutinuo, Beethoven; Helene, 1816 Felix und Adele, ;
in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata for 1831 Ida, die Biissende Emerike Semi-
; ; ;
Dom. xvi post Trinit., " Wer weiss, wic ramide ; U finto Stanislao ; Federiea e Adol-
nahe mir meiu Ende " (Bachgesellsehaft, fo ; Opei'ettas Der
Mirina, melodrama. :
No. 27) ;
Der dreizehute Man-
2)ublished separately, with addi- betrogene Betriiger;
tional accompaniments by Robert Franz, by tel Der blinde Harfuer Der Sammtrock
; ; ;
F. Whistling, Leipsic, 18G0. Wiuterquartier in Amerika Gemahl von ;
GYPSY BARON,THE. See Zigeunerbaron. Ungefiihr Das zugemauerte Fenster Die ; ;
GYPSY'S WARNING, THE, English ro- Junggesellenwirthschaft Das Stilndehen ;

;
mantic opera iu three acts, text by Lindley Aladin Die Pagen dea Herzogs von Ven- ;
and Peake, music by Julius Benedict, first dome. Forty ballets Cantatas, choruses, ;
represented at Drury Lane, London, April and songs 19 masses GO symphonies 21: ; ; ;
19, 1838. was performed many times iu trios

It 41 quai'tets 3 quintets ; 12 sere- ; ;
Germany. " Rage, rage, thou angry storm," nades 3G iîanoforte sonatas 12 nocturnes
; ;
and " Blest be the home," were frequently Overtures, dances, marches, and other mu-
sung in concerts. sic.
Biogi'aphie des Adalbert Gyrowetz (Vi-
GYROWETZ, ADALBERT, born at Bud- enna, 1818) Wurzbach, vi. 62 Allgem. d. ; ;
weis, Bohemia, Feb. 19, 17G3, died in Vi- Biogr., X. 247 Riehl, ]\Ius. CharakterkOpfe, ;
enna, March 19, 1850. Dramatic composer, i. 211 Mendel Fetis Grove. ; ; ;
j)upil of his father, a choirmaster. He be-

gan the study of law at Prague University,
but poverty compelled him to accep)t the
HAACK, FRIEDRICH, born iu Pots-
post of secretary to Count von Fiinfkirchen. dam in 17G0, died (?). Violinist,
He went to Vienna, where Mozart intro- brother of Karl Haack ; at an early
duced his compositions to the public he ; age he joined the orchestra of the Prince of
then visited Italy and studied two years Prussia as violinist, but studied the piano-
under Sala in Naples. In 1789 he travelled forte and the organ, and composition imder
in France, and proved himself the comijoser Fasch. He became organist at Stargard,
of symphonies that had been performed as Pomerania, in 1779, and later music direc-
Haydn's but the troubles of the Revolu-
; tor and organist in Stettin, where he con-
tion soon drove him to London, where he ducted amateur concerts from 1793. He
was well received by the Prince of Wales composed the opera. Die Geisterinsel, an
and others, and found liberal publishers. oratorio, S}-mf)honies, pianoforte concerto
He was engaged to write an opera, but the and trios, and a violin concerto. Mendel
opera-house and the score of Semiramide Fetis : Schilling.
210
;
HAACK
HAACK, IvARL, born in Potsdam, Feb. Honour and after the Revolution of
in 1822,
18, 1757, died there, Sept. 28, 1819. Vio- July, 1830, became first violinist to the king.
linist, pupil of Franz Benda. He entered From 1828 he conducted for twenty years
the orchestra of the Prince of Prussia and the new Societe des Concerts du Conserva-
was Conzerlmeister before 1782 on the ac- ; toire, and was the first to introduce Bee-
cession of Friedrich Wilhelm II. he became thoven's symphonies into I'rance.Works :
royal chamber musician and in 1796 Con- Several numbers for the opera of Aladin,
zertmeister. He was pensioned about 1811. given in 1822 Le page inconstant, ballet,
;
He was also a good pianist. Works G vioHn 1823

Compositions for violin and piano-
:
;
concertos 3 sonatas for pianoforte Cham- forte or orchestra Church music Songs,
; ; ; ;
ber music, songs, etc. Mendel Schilling etc.

Fetis, Wasielewski, Die Violine und
;
;
Fc'tis Gerber(1790), i. 567 (1812), ii. 453. ihre Meister, 372-375 Hart, The Violin,
; ; ;
HAAS, Pater ILDEPHONS, born at Of- 304 Dubourg, The Violin, 209. ;
fenburg, April 23, 1735, died May 30, 1791. HABERBIER, ERNST, born in Konigs-
Singer and violinist, pupil of Wolbrecht berg, Oct. 5, 1813, died at Bergen, Norway,
entered the Benedictine Monastery of Et- March 12, 1869. In 1832 he went to St.
tenheimmiinster in 1751, and became a jjriest Petersburg where he became court pianist ;
in 1759. He then studied composition, and in 1847 gave concerts in London in 1850 ; ;
the violin, on which he had already been then retired for six months to Cliristiania,
much advanced by Wenzel Stamitz. Cor- Norwaj', and elaborated a system of finger-
resp)ondence with Kaiser, Vogler, and Port- ing rapid pianoforte jjassages by alter-
mann, and the study of Mattheson's and nately using both hands. This system, which
Marpurg's works, but especially Fax's bears his name, was not, however, of his
Gradus ad Parnassum completed his musi- inventing, as J. S. Bach and others had ap-
cal education. He was librarian of his con- 2)lied it long before him. He plaj'ed in
vent, and his exertions in studying mathe- concerts at Paris in 1852 later visited ;
matics hastened his end. He com2DOsed Germany, Russia, and Denmark, and set-
masses, vespers, and other church music. tled as teacher in Bergen in 18GG. Com-
Schilling Mendel ; Gerber. ; posed numerous brilliant pieces for piano-
HABENECK, FRANgOIS ANTOINE, forte. Fetis, iv. 173 do., Supplement, i. ;
born at Mt'zi- 440 Mendel, iv. 467. ;
eres, June 1, HABERMANN, FRANZ JOHANN, born

1781, died in at KOuigswarth, Bohemia, in 170G, died at
Paris, Feb. 8, Eger, April 7, 1783. He studied music in
1849. Violinist, Italy then travelled in Spain and France in
; ;
son of a Ger- Paris entered the service of Prince de Condc

man musician in in 1731 later was made maestro di cajspella ;
a French mili- to the ducal court of Florence. He com-

t a r y band; posed an opera for Maria Theresa's corona-
Ijlayed in pub- tion in Prague, had many pujails, and con-
lic at the age of ten. He studied at the ducted music in two churches there and ;
Paris Conservatoire under Baillot, won the in 1773 went to Eger as music director of
first violin prize in 1801, and developed a church. Published 12 masses (Prague,
a talent for conducting in the Conservatoire 1746) and 6 litanies (ib., 1747), and left in
concerts in 1806-15. He became first vio- manuscript the oratorios Conversio pecca-
linist of the Opera in 1818, director in 1821- toris and Deodatus, symphonies, sonatas,
24, conductor of the orchestra in 1824-46. and many works of church music. Mendel ;
He received the cross of the Legion of Fetis Wurzbach Schilling. : ;

IIABERT
HABEItT, JOHANN EVANDER,horn scribes Chinese national airs and songs,
at Oberplan, Boliemia, Oct. 18, 1833,still for which she gained a medal at the Ex-
living, 1889. After being a school-teaclier position, and one from the Chinese Com-
for nine years, he was appointed, in 18(51, mission one of these pieces, La descente ;
organist at Gmunden, Upper Austria. He de I'hiroudelle, is taken from the collection

has composed masses, other church music, of popular songs by Confucius. La chan-
and some pianoforte pieces and songs. son du the is by a Chinese emperor of the
Mendel. 18th century. Fotis, Suj^plement, i. 440 ;
HACKEL, ANTON, bom in Vienna, April Mendel, Ergiinz., 140.

17, 1799, died there, July 1. 1846. Amateur HAFFNER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN
vocal composer, pupil of Franz Freystildter FRIEDRICH, born at Obersclii.nau, near
and Emanuel Alois Forster was a govern- Suhl, March 2, 1759, died at Upsal, Sweden,
;
ment official in the department of build- May 28, 1833. Organist, pupil of Vierling
ings, but found time to produce many com- at Schmalkalden, and from 1776 student at
positions, chiefly songs, and church and Leipsic University, where he suj^ported
military music. His ballad, Die nilchtliche himself by proof-reading for Breitkopf &

Heerschau, was very j)opular. Wurzbach Hiirtel. After travelling with opera com-
;
Fetis Mendel Schilling.

; ; panies as music director, he became in 1780
HACKENSOELLNER, LEOPOLD, Aus- organist of the German church in Stock-
trian pianist and composer, contemporaiy. holm and accompanist at the opera there,
He settled in Florence, where he is director receiving in 1787 the title and in 1793 the
of the Philharmonic Society has composed ; office of court Kapellmeister; removed to
several French operettas, produced in Flor- Upsal iu 1808, and was made organist of
ence, of which Le do obtained considerable the cathedral and musical director of the
success also a comic opera. La villa du
; university in 1820. He wrote three operas,
spirite.
Fotis, Supph'meut, i. 440. Elektra, Alcides, and Rinaldo, in the style
HACKER, BENEDICT, born at Metten, of Gluck ; Swedish songs, organ, and other
near Deggendorf, Nether Bavaria, May 30, music. Fetis ; Schilling ; Mendel ; Rie-
17C0, died (?). Composer, pu2iil of ^Michael manu.
Haydn and Leopold Mozart was violinist in ; H.iFFNER SYMPHONIE, a name some-
a convent choir, and from 1780 to 1802 a times given to Mozart's Symphony in D
clerk in book-shops at Salzburg then set ; (KOchcl, No. 385), to distinguish it from
wTp forhimself there as a dealer in music. his 13 others in the same key. It was com-
He wrote a comic opera, List gegen List, for posed in 1782, for the wedding of a daugh-
male voices, 7 masses, a Requiem, and other ter of the HafTners, one of the wealthy mer-
church music, and songs. Fetis Mendel ;
chant families of Germany, and was first
Schilling. lêrformed at her marriage in Salzburg, in

HADRI.YN. See Adriaxo in Siria. the same year.
HADRLYNIUS. See Adrim.-êu. HAGEMAN, HERMAN, bom at Neer-
HAENEL DE CRONENTHALL, LOU- bosch, Holland, in 1812, still Uviug, 1889.
ISE AUGUSTA MARIE JULIA, Marquise Organist, piupil of Courbois ; was for twenty-
d'Hericourt de Valincourt, born iu Saxony five j'ears organist of his native town. He
in 1839, still living, 1889. Compose!", pu- went in 1859 to Nymwegcn, and was or-
pil successively Frauchomme, ganist in 1864 at Grave. He has published
of Tariot,
Stamaty, Prevost, and Demersseman. She a treatise on plain-chauut and a collection of
has iiublished nearly 100 works, sympho- plain-chauut pieces harmonized with organ
nies, sonatas, quartets for strings, varso- accompaniment. Fetis, Supplement, i. 442 ;
viennes for orchestra, songs, etc. She tran- Mendel.
S12
;
IIAGEMAN
HAGEMAN, MAURITS LEONAED, Holsteiu-Schaumburg. Of his numerous
born at Zutpheii, Holland, Sept. 25, 1829, compositions the best known are some
still living, 1889. Pianist and. violinist, Magnificats for 1-6 voices (Dilliugeu, 1606),
pupil of yioot and Vrugtman, and at the and German songs for 2-8 voices (Lauiugen,
Eoyal School of Music at The Hague of 1614) besides, he has written intrades, gal- ;
Liibeck, Van der Does, Tommassiui, and liardes, courantes, etc., for instruments, and
Baeteus finally, at the Brussels Conserva- fantasias, and fugues. Gerber (1790), i.
;
toire, of de Bt'riot. He entered the orches- 578 (1812), ii. 480 Ft'tis Schilling
; ; ;
tra of the Italian Opera at Brussels as first Mendel.

violinist, became musical dii-ector and organ- HAGUE, CHARLES, born at Tadcaster,
ist at Grouingen, and in 1SG5 director of England, in 1769, died at Cambridge, June
the Maatschappij van Toonkunst at Batavia. 18, 1821. Composer, pujjil at Cambridge
Ten years later he returned to Holland, of Manini on the violin, Hellendaal, senior,
lived for a year in Brussels, and settled at in thorough-bass and composition, and
Leeuwardeu, where he assumed the direc- studied also under Salomon and Dr. Cook.
tion of a great music scliool and a singing He settled in Cambridge, where he became
society. He has composed a few cantatas, Mus. Bac. iu 1794 professor of music in ;
j)ianoforte music, and songs. Eiemann ;

the university in 1799, and Mus. Doc. in
Viotta. 1801. His anthem, "By the Waters of
HAGER, JOHANNES, born in Vienna, Babylon," published in score, and an ode
Feb. 24, 1822, still Real (1811) were great favourites. He arranged
living there, 1889.
name, Johana von Hassliuger-Hassiugen Haydn's 12 symphonies as quintets, and
;
lie is an aulic councillor in the Minis- jniblished two collections of glees. Grove ;
try of Foreign Affairs. Dramatic composer, Fctis Mendel. ;
pupil of A. J. Becker, Fischhof, J. Hauser, HAHN, BERNHARD, born at Leubus,

Moritz Hauf)tmann, and Mendelssolin has Silesia, Dec. 17, 1780, died in Breslau in
;
published also a series of excellent works 1852. Pupil of his father in singing and
of chamber music. Works Jolantha, opera, violin: was cLoir-boy in Breslau, then ;
given in Vienna, 1819 Marfa, do., ib., played the violin in the private quartet of
;
1886 (composed iu 18G1) Johannes der Count Matuschka in Pitschen, where FOrs-
;
Tiiufer, oratorio Symjihony Mass Con- ter instructed him further. He was influ-
; ; ;
certo for violoncello Sextet for strings

; enced by Tiirk in Halle in 1804, then re-
;
Quartets, trios, etc. Songs and ballads. turned to Breslau, where he sang in the
;
Riemann. cathedral and taught singing in the Catholic

HAGIUS, JOHANN, German composer gymnasium in 1815, and later succeeded
of the last half of the IGth century. He Schnabel as Kapellmeister of the cathedral.
was a preacher in Eger and an able musi- He wrote songs, church music, and vocal
cian. He had the original idea of setting instruction books. Mendel Fetis Schil- ; ;
the sayings of celebrated men to music and ling Eiemann. ;
publishing them under the title of Symbola. H.AHN, GEORG JOACHBI JOSEPH,
The Emperor Maximilian XL, Luther, and German comjjoser of the 18tli century. He
Melanchthou were among the celebrities was senator and music director at Miinner-
thus symbolized.
AUgem. d. Biogr., x. stildt, Francouia, and wrote masses, psalms,
351 Fetis Gerber.
; ; arias, pianoforte pieces, and works on
HAGHJS, KONRAD, born at Rinteln, theory. Mendel ; Schilling Gerber (1790), ;
Schaumburg-Hesse, in 1559, died (?). He i. 579 (1812), ii. 482 Fetis. ; ;
lived iu Poland iu his youth, and afterwards HAHN, THEODOR, born at Dobers,
became chamber musician to the Count of Silesia, Sept. 3, 1809, died in Berlin in
213
!
HAllNEL
1865. Organist, pupil of Klein at Schmiede- HAIL! GENTLE SLEEP. See Furi-
berg, of Rink and Gottfried Weber in lan!< Daughter.
Darmstadt, and of B. Klein and Zelter in HAINE, IvARL, born in Augsburg, Jan.
Bei-lin. He went to Paris in 1838, and re- 2, 1830, stm living, 1889. The son of an
ceived advice from Bordogni and Lablacbe ;
opera singer, he played the pianoforte in
then visited Italy and Austria, and on republic at the age of eight, made concert tours
turning to Berlin became organist of St. with his father, and when sixteen years old
Peter's and in 1840 singing teacher and was music director of a travelling company
Repetitor of the royal opera school. Works in Westphalia, and in 1847 entered the
:
Cantatas, motets, psalms, songs, and organ theatre orchestra of Mainz. After vLsiting
music. Mendel Fctis Viotta. ; Hanau and Worms, he taught iu Bocholt in
;
H.IHNEL, JACOB. See Gallus. 1849-51 was theatrical music director in

;
HAIBEL (Haibl), JACOB, born in Gratz Aurich and Emden became organist of the ;
in 17G1, died in Deakovar iu 182G. After cathedral iu Worms iu 1852 and of the sj'u-
j)laying in the provinces, he became tenor agogue there iu 18G8, founding an orches-
singer and actor at Schikaneder's theatre tral society in 1872. He wrote an opera,
in Vienna from 1789, and there composed Der Graf von Burgund, an operetta, and
about ten light operettas. In 1804 he be- jiianoforte and vocal music. Mendel.
came church Kapellmeister to the Bishop H.UNL, GEORGES FRANCOIS, born
of Bosnia iu Deakovar. The most po2:)ular at Issoire, France, Nov. 19, 1807, died iu
of his operettas were Der Tj-roler Wastel, Paris, June 2, 1873. Violoncellist, studied
:
Der Landsturm (sequel), Das medieiuischc at the Paris Conservatoire vmder Norblin,
Collegium, Papagei uud Gaus, Der Ein- and gained the first violoncello prize in 1830.
zug in das Friedens-Quartier, Tschiug He was conductor of the orchestra at the
Tschiug He wrote also the music to sev- Grand Theatre of Lyons from 1840 went
!. ;
eral ballets.
Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 379 to Paris in 18G3 as conductor of the Acado-
;
Wurzbaeh Mendel Fetis.

; ; mie de Musique, and was conductor of the
HAIGH, THOMAS, born in London Societo des Concerts da Conservatoire in
about 17G9, died there, April, 1808. Pian- 1SG4-73. Works Fantasias for violon- :
ist and violinist, studied composition iu cello, one on Guillaume Tell. He jJublished
1791-92 under Haydn, some of whose sym- a book entitled "De la musique a Lyon"
phonies he arranged. In 1793 he removed (1852). Fetis Larousse. ;
to Manchester, and returned to London in H.iKART (Hacquart), CAROLO, born at

1801. Works 12 sonatas for pianoforte Bruges (or at Huy ?) about 1G40, died in
:
and violin Sonatas for pianoforte, four Holland, 1730.

; Viola di gamba j^layer ;
hands do., for pianoforte and flute 3 ca- seems to have lived at The Hague about
; ;
priccios, op. 38 3 serenatas, op. 40 12 1G8G in the service of the Prince of Orange.
; ;
preludes Songs, glees, etc. Fetis Grove.

; ;
Works Cantiouessacne(lG74) Harmonia : ;
HAIL COLUMBIA, a popular American parnassia (1G8G) Motetti (1700) Prpeludia ; ;
song, music from the President's March by (170G) 10 sonatas for 2 viole di gamba
;
Feyles, words by Judge Joseph Hopkinson, and bass (1700) lilusic to Dirk Buysero's ;
written in 1798 for an actor, Fox, and first comedy De triomfeerende Min (1G80). Vi-
sung by him in a theatre in Philadelphia in otta.
that year. It became at once a national HAKENBERGER (Hackenberger), AN-
song. Hail Columbia, a Fest-Ouvertiire hj DRE.\S, church composer of the 17th cen-
Karl Hahnstock, op. 5, written for the Phil- tury. In lGlO-28 he was Kajêllmeister in
harmonic Society of New York, published the Marienkirche of Dantzic. Possibly a pu-
by Schuberth (Leii^sic and New York). pil of his ijredecessor Johannes Wanningus,
214
;
HAKING
he was a worthy representative of the tend- the same name. He entered Cazot's solfege
eucy jirevailing at the end of the IGth cen- class at the Conservatoire in 1809 iu 1810
;
tury, and ranks among the best masters of he began to study

his time.
Works Newe teutsche Gesaenge
: the pianoforte un-
mit 5 Stimmen, etc. (Dantzic, 1610) Odaria ; der Charles Lam-
suavissima, etc. (Leipsic, 1G12) ; Harmonia bert, and in 1811
sacra, sen G motetti C-12 voc. (Frankfort, harmony under Ber-
1617) Motets for 6-12 voices (Leipsic,
; ton. He then stud-
1612-19) Sacri modulorum concentus, for
; ied counterpoint for
8 voices (Stettin, 1G15, Frankfort, 161G, five years under
Wittenberg, 1619) Od;c sacnc Christo
; in- Cherubini. He took
fantulo, etc. (Leipsic, 1619). Allgem. d. the Prix de Rome in
Biogr., X. 397 ; Fctis. 181G with his canta-
HAKING, Rev. KICHARD, ta, Herminie, and set out for Rome the year
born in Eng-
land in 1830, still living, 1889.
after. He took
While in Italy he worked hard at an
holy orders in 1861, became rector of Eas- opera and other music. On his return to
tou Grey, Malmesbury, in 1873, and of Cong- Paris, after many disappointments, he suc-
ham, Norfolk, in 1882. In 18G4 he was ceeded in having L'artisan brought out at
made ]\Ius. Doc, Oxford. Works Canta- the Theatre Feydeau in 1827, but with de-
:
tas ; 2 lyrical legends Orchestral pieces;

servedly little success yet, for several years ;
Solos for violin, violoncello, flute, etc. An- he continued to produce operas, which
;
thems Part-songs.
; showed a steady advance iu his art. His
HAKON JAEL, cantata for solos and reputation with musicians was sufKeient to
male chorus, with orchestra, text by Hein- induce the management of the 023era Co-
rich Carsten, music by Carl Reinecke, op. mique to entrust to him the completion of
142, lirst performed in 1877. Published Herold's unfinished opera, Ludovic, and this
by Breitkopf <fc Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1877). The work was brought out with great success
subject is from Ohleuschlilger's tragedy of in 1834. But Halevy's first definite triumph
"Hakon Jarl." He has used the same was in 1835, with La Juive, with which his
theme for a sjanphonic poem in C minor, second manner began. Six months later
first jierformed at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, he won fresh laurels with L'eclair. His
Feb. 23, 1880. I. Allegro, Hakon Jarl H. reputation was now most brilliant, yet it
;
Andante, Thora HI. Intermezzo, Allegretto was not until 1838 that he produced Guido
;
moderato, in Odin's Grove IV. Olaf's Vic- et Giuevra, a work which, though full of
;
tory (1880). Frederik Smetana also wrote beauties of a high order, failed to catch the
a symphonic poem on this subject.
Upton, popular taste. Les treize (1839) and Le
Standard Symphonies, 30-t. drapier (184:0) had no better luck, but La
HALJ^VY, (JACQUES FRANgOIS) FRO- reine de Chyjire, Opera, 1841, again placed
MENTAL (ELIE), born in Paris, May 27, him upon the pinnacle of success, although
1799, died at Nice, March 17, 1862. The the work, as a whole, was hardly up to the
family name was Levy, but was changed by level of his two master-woi'ks, La juive and
Fromental's father in compliance with a L'eclair. It has been susjjected that the
proposal made in 1807 by the French gov- resounding success of Mej'erbeer's Les Hu-
ernment, in concert with a decree of the guenots, in 1836, overstimulated his ambi-
Sanhedrim convoked at Paris, to all Jews tion, and led him to attempt tasks not con-
in France to modify their surnames, to genial to his cast of genius but it is more ;
avoid the confusion in the government reg- probable that he often worked on subjects
isters arising from many families having which diel not iusjjire him. As it is, there
215
lIALfiVY
are few of bis operas wbicb do not con- 15, 1839 ; Le 1839 Le
sberif, ib., Sept. 2, ;
tain beauties of a very bigb order, and drapier, Opera, Jan. 1840 Le r/uilarrero,
0, ;
be bas always been ratber undervalued by Opera Comique, Jan. 21, 1841 La reine de ;
tbe Freneb pubUc. Meyerbeer's reputation Cbypre, Opera, Dec. 22, 1841 Charles VL, ;
reacbed its beigbt just in time to tbrow ib., Marcb 15, 1843 Le lazzaroue, ou le ;
Halcvy's into tbe sbade at tbe very turning- bien vient en dormant, ib., Marcb 29, 1844 ;
point of tbe latter's career. He bad far Les mousquetaires de la reine. Opera Co-
greater deptb of sentiment tbau bis more mique, Feb. 3, 184G Les premiers pas (in ;
successful rival, and was more prone to be collaboration witb Adam, Auber, and Cara-
true to a bigb ideal but be bad not so acute ; fa). Opera National, Nov. 15, 1847 Le Val ;
a perception of wbat would be effective witb d'Andorre, Opera Comique, Nov. 11, 1848 ;
tbe public, and was not always careful to La fee aux roses, ib., Oct. 1, 1849 La tem- ;
make bis style perfectly clear. Tbe suc- pesta, London, Her Majesty's Tbeatre, Jime
cess of La Juive j'rocuretl bim tbe succes- 8, 1850 La dame de pique, Paris, Opera
;
sion to Iteicba at tbe Inslitut, in 183G. ,

Comique, Dec. 28, 1850 Le Juif errant, ;
In 1816 be bad already begun to teacb sol- Opera, April 23, 1852 Le Nabab, Opera ;
iCge at tbe Conservatoire, and was made Comique, Sept. 1, 1853 Ju<juarUa I'lndi- ;
professor of barmony in 1827, being 23ro- enne, Tbeatre Lyrique, May 14, 1855 ;
moted to tbe professorsbip of counterpoint L'inconsolable (given under tbe pseudonym

iu 1833, and to tbat of composition in 1840. Alberti, but attributed to HalOvy), ib., June
Gounod, Victor Masse, Bazin, Henri Duver- 13, 1855 Valentine d'Aubiguy, Opera Co-
;
uoy, Bizet, and many otbers of note were mique, April 2G, 185G La magicienne, Oi)e- ;
among bis pupils. In 1827 be was accom- ra, Blarcb 17, 1858 Valentine d'Oruano,;
panying pianist at tbe Tbeatre Italien, and unfiuisbed Noo, ou le Deluge, unfinisbed.
;
in 1829 be became cbef du cbant at tbe n. Cantatas, Ballets, etc.: Les derniers mo-
O^jera. He was cbosen jjermanent secre- ments du Tasse, cantata (2d prize, Conser-
tary of tbe Academic des Beaux-Arts in vatoire, 1816) ; La mort d' Adonis, cantata
1854. He died of consumption at Nice, (2d grand prix, Conservatoire, 1817) ; Her-
but was buried iu Paris, Marcb 24, 18G2. minie, cantata (prix de Rome, 1819) ; De
AVorks I. Operas Les bobemiennes, never
: : profundis for 3 voices and orcbestra, to a
performed Pygmalion, do. Les deux pa-
; ; Hebrew text, for tbe deatb of tbe due de
vilions, do. L'artisan, Paris, Opera Co-
; Berry, given at tbe synagogue in tbe rue
mi(jue, Jan. 1827 ; Le roi et le batelier (iu Saint-Avoye, Paris, Marcb 24, 1820 ; Mauon
collaboration witb Ilifaut), ib., Nov. 3, 1828 ;
Lescaut, ballet. Opera, May 3,1830 ; Over-
Clari, Tbeatre Italien, Dec. 9, 1828 Le di- ; Prometbee ture and incidental music to
lettante d'Avignon, Ojsera Comique, Nov. 7, encbaine (translated from JSscbylus by bis
1829 Atteudre et courir (in collaboration
; brotber, Leon Hak'vj-), Tbeatre Franjais,
witb H. de Ruoltz), ib.. May 29, 1830 La Marcb 18, 1849 Italic, cantata. Opera Co-
; ;
lungue musicale, ib., Dec. 11, 1830 Yella, ; mique, June

never performed La tentation, ballet-opera
; . 7, 1849 Les ;
(iu collaboration witb Gide), Paris, Opera, plages du Nil,

June 20, 1832 Les souvenirs de Lafleur,
; cantata Sev- ;
Opera Comique, ]\Iarcb 4, 1833 Ludouic eral cboruses for male

;
(begun by HOrold), ib., May 10, 1833 La ,'oices. HI. Pianoforte

;
Juice, Opera, Feb. 23, 1835 JJeclair, Ope- ~"^ 11111

; music, etc. Sonata for :
ra Comique, Dec. 30, 1835 Guido et Gi- four bauds Rondo, or capriccio, and otber
; ;
nevra, ou la peste de Florence, Ojsera, Marcb fugitive pieces Many songs and duets. ;
!), 1838 Les treize. Opera Comique, Ajsril

; Leon Halevy, F. Halevy, sa vie, ses ojuvres
216
; :
HALL
(Paris, Paul Dupont, 1862 2d ed., enlarged, Occasional Oratorio, and the Coronation
;

with portrait and autograph, Paris, Heugel, Anthems. Sckt-lcher, Handel, 253 Rock- ;
18G3) Edouard Monuais, F. Halcvy, etc. stro, 239.

;
(Paris, Chaix, 1863); Arthur Pougiu, F. HALLEN, ANDERS, born at Goteu-

Halovy, ]5crivain (Paris, Claudiii, 18G5). burg, Sweden, Deo. 22, 1846, still living,
HALL, HENRY, boru Windsor, Eng- 1889.
at Dramatic composer, pupil of Rei-
land, about 1655, died March
30, 1707. necke at Leipsic (1866-68), of Rheinberger
Organist, said to have studied under Dr'. in Munich (1869), and of Rietz in Dresden
Blow became organist of Exeter Cathedral (1870-71).
; In 1872-78, and again from
in 1074, and later organist and vicar-choral 1883, conductor of the concerts of the mu-
of Hereford Cathedral. Works Te Deum sical union at Gotenburg in the mean-
:
;
in E-flat Benedicite in C minor Cantata while he lived mostly in Berlin.

; ; Works :
Domino and Deus Misereatur in B-Hat Harald der Viking, opera, given at Leipsic,
Five anthems Songs and duets. His son 1881, and Stockholm, 1883
; 2 Swedish ;
Henry was also organist and vicar-choral of rhapsodies, op. 17 and 23 Vom Pagen ;
Hereford Cathedral, and his sou William und der Konigstochtei', Balladencyclus for

was a member of the king's band. Grove. chorus, solo, and orchestra TraumkOnig ;
HALLE, CHARLES (Karl HaUe), boru at und sein Lieb, do. Das Ahrenfeld, for fe- ;
Hagen, Westjjhalia, male chorus, with pianoforte Viueta, cho- ;
April, 11, 1819, stiU ral rhapsody with pianoforte Romance for ;
living, 1889. Pianist, violin, with orchestra German and Swed- ;
studied with Rink in ish songs. Riemann.

Darmstadt in 1835. HALLSTROM, IVAR, born in Stock-
He went in 1840 to holm, 1826, still living, 1889. Dramatic
Paris, where he as- comiDoser studied law and became private
;
sociated with Cheru- librarian to the Crown Prince, the present

bini, Chopin, and King in 1861 he was appointed director
;
Liszt. In 1848 he of the school of music, as successor to

went to London, Lindblad. Works Operas
Hertig Mag- :
wiiere he first appeared at the orchestral con- nus, given in Stockholm, 1867 The Rape ;
certs at Covent Garden, May 12, 1848, and at of the Mountain Maid, ib., 1874 Der Berg- ;
the Philharmonic, March 15, 1852. Li 1857 kOuig, ib., 1875, Munich, 1876 The Vik- ;
he began his orchestral subscription con- ings, Stockholm, 1877 Nyaga, 1885 The ; ;
certs at Manchester, and in 1861 his annual Flowers, idyl for solos, chorus, and orches-
series of recitals, in which lie performed tra (prize, Stockholm, 1860). Riemann.
all Beethoven's sonatas in eight matinees. HALM, ANTON, born at Altenmarkt,
He has written a limited number of com- Styria, June 4, 1789, died in Vienna, April
positions, and a method for the pianoforte. 6, 1872. After having served in the Aus-
Fetis Mendel.; trian army as lieutenant until 1811, he set-
HALLELUJAH CHORUS, the closing tled down in Vienna to teaching pianoforte
chorus in the second part of Handel's ora- and composing, and was for many years an
torio of The Messiah. When the oratorio esteemed friend of Beethoven. Works
was first given at Covent Garden Theatre, Solemn Mass 6 Trios for pianoforte and ;
March 23, 1743, the whole audience, includ- strings, op. 12, 21, 23, 42, 57, 58 3 Quar- ;
ing King George H., arose and remained tets for strings, op. 38-40 3 Sonatas for ;

standing until its conclusion a custom pianoforte and violoncello, op. 13, 24, 25 ;
still observed. Other Hallelujahs by Han- do. for pianoforte solo, op. 15, 43, 51 Ron- ;
del are in Judas Maccabasus, Athalia, the deaux brilliants, for do., op. 4, 14, 17, 20, 49 ;
; ;;;
HALTER
Themes varies, for do., op. 33, 37, 4G, 47, Hansen, and Haberbier, then in Berlin
50 ; Grautles Etudes de coucert, op. 59 (1862) of von Billow on the pianoforte, and in
;
Etudes melodieuses, op. 60 Etudes patlie- ;

Paris (1864-68) of Ber-
tiques, op. 61 Etudes heroiques, op. 62
;
lioz, whose only pupil
;
Souatas, roudos, marclies, etc., for jîano- he was, and with whom
forte (-4 Lands), op. 41, 44, 45, 48, 54, 56 he went to Vienna iu
;
Die KrOuungsfeier M. der Kaiseriu Karoline 1866-67 during the ;
Augusta, op. 55. Fetis Gassuer, Univ.

; exhibition in Paris he
Lex. (Stuttgart, 1849) ; Wurzbach. was a member of the
HALTEE, WILHELM FERDINAND, musical jury, anil re-
born in the last half of the 18th century, ceived a gold medal
died at Konigsberg, April 10, 180G. While for his Hymne de la
secretary of Konigsberg, be was an amateur paix. In 1869 he vis-
musician, and later became organist of the ited Italy, and in 1871
reformed cliurcli there. His oiêretta Die became director of the Conservatory of the
Cantons-Revision, was given at Konigsberg Peabodj' Institute, and of the Peabody
in 1792, and won him much local fame. symphony concerts at Baltimore, where he
He composed also sonatas (1788), and has done much toward the improvement
songs.
Mendel Fetis Schilling, iii. 428. of musical life. Works Operas Tovelille,
; ; :
HAMAL, HENRI GUILLAUIME, born at ojx 12 (1863-65), performed in fragments

Liege in 1685, died there, Dec. 3, 1752. in Paris and Copenhagen Hjalmar and ;
Organist, pupil of Lambert Pietkin. He Ingeboi-g, op. 18 (1868), do., ib., and Stock-
became in 1708 maitre de musique at the holm La vendetta, op. 20, given iu Jlilan, ;
jjarochiid church of Saint-Trond, whence he 1870 The Traveller, op. 21 (Vienna, 1871)
;
was called to Liege to be master of the Suites for orchestra Nordische Suite, op. :
sous-maitrise of Saint-Lambert. He intro- 22(1871-72) Second do., op. 23 (1872-73) ;
duced Italian music into Belgium. "Works Third do., op. 24 (1873-74) Fourth do., op.
: ;
Motets Italian and French cantatas Songs 25 (1875-76) Fifth do., op. 26 (1877-78).
; ; ;
in the Liege patois. Fetis Mendel Yi- Symphonies Symphouie poetique, op. 29
; ; :
otta. (1879-80) Symphonie tragique, op. 32 ;
H.\MAL, JEAN NOEL, born at Liege, (1882-83) Symphouie lyrique, op. 33 ;
Dec. 23, 1709, died there, Nov. 26, 1778. (1884-85) Symphonic majestueuse, op. 35 ;
He studied counterpoint at Rome with Giu- (1888). Various works Jiidaische Trilogie :
seppe Amadori, became maitre de chapelle for orchestra, op. 19 (1866-67) Christian ;
at Saint-Lambert in 1738,, and again visited Trilogy, for do., baritone solo, mixed
Italy in 1749. He used the f)atois of Liege chorus, and organ, oji. 31 (1881-82) Re- ;
in his operas.
Works Oratorios Jona- quiem, for alto solo, chorus in 6 parts, and
:
than, Judith. Operas Li voegge di Cho- orchestra, op. 34 (1886-87) May-dance,

: ;
fontaine, written in 1757 Li Ligeois egagi, for female voices, and small orchestra, op.
;
1757 Li Fiess di houte si jjlau, 1758 Les 28 (1879) Opera without words, ui 3 parts
; ; ;
Ypocontes, burlesque opera, 1758. Other for orchesti'a, or pianoforte, op. 30 (1881)
works In esitu Israel, for two choruses Concert romance for violoncello, with or-
:
and two orchestras 6 quartets for strings chestra, op. 27 (1878) Cantatas, chamber
;
;
;
3 symj)honicpieces for four jjarts.

Mendel music, and songs.
Fetis ; do.. Supplement, i. 446. HAMLET, opera in five acts, text by
HAMERIK, ASGER, born at Copenha- Michel Carre and Jules Barbier, after
gen, Aprd 8, 1843, still living, 1889. Dra- Shakespeare, music by Ambroise Thomas,
matic composer, j)upil of Gade, Matthisou- first represented at the Opera, Paris, March
SI8
HAMLET
9, 18G8 produced in London in Italian, as mard, and the others by Belval, CoHn, Da-
; ]
Amleto, at Covent Garden, June 19, 18G9. vid, Grisy, Castelmary, Ponsard, Gaspard,
The success of this work, written next after and Mermant. The pianoforte score is by
:
Mignon, and which passed its 200th repre-

sentation at the Opera, Feb. 16, 1883, won
for the composer in 1871 the position of di-
rector of tlie Conservatoire. Among the
prominent numbers are The duet in tlie :
first act between Oijhelie and Hamlet,

"Doute de la lumiere;" the aria of the
Queen, " Dans sou regard plus sombre,"
and the chorus of the comedians, "Princes
sans apanages," in the second act the trio ;
in the third act, with the baritone jjhrase,

"AUez dans un cloitre, Oi^helie," and the
grand scene between Hamlet and his mother
in the same act the andante sung by Opho-
;
lie in the fourth act, with the waltz-rhythm,

" Partagez-vous mes lleurs," the melody of
which continued by an invisible chorus of
is
Willis, while Ophelie disappears in the wa-

ters of the blue lake and lastlv, the aria of
;
Nilsson as Oph&lie.
Vauthrot. Hamlet had been previously set

to music, as Amleto, by Gasparini, Itome,
1705 ; Domenico Scarlatti, ib., 1715 G. ;
Carcano, Venice, 1790 ; Andreozzi, Genoa,

1793Mercadante, Milan, 1822 Buzzola.
; ;
Venice, 1848
L. Moroni, Rome, 1860
; and ;
Franco Faccio, text by Boito, Genoa, 1865.

It has also been musically treated in Ger-
mi^
many by Abt Vogler, about 1791 (published
at Spires) by Mareczek, Briiun, 1810 and
; ;
by Alexander Stadtfeld, Darmstadt, 1857,

V7 ^.rm {'W^^-h
and Weimar, 1882. Lajarte,
bros,Buute Blatter, ii. 53.
ii. 242 ; Am-
Faure as Hamlet. HAMLET, overture for orchestra in C

minor, by Niels W. Gade, op. 37, dedicated
Hamlet, "Comme
une pale fleur," the fu to F. L. HiJedt. Andante, Allegro con f uoco,
neral march, and the concluding chorus of Marcia funebre. Performed by the Phil-
j'ouug girls. The rule of Hamlet was sung harmonic Society of New York, in the sea-
in Paris by Faure, those of Ophelie and of son of 1868-69. Published by Breitkopf &
the Queen by Mile Nilssou and Mme Guey- Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1865). Ai-ranged for piauo-
S19
;
HAMLET
forte by Franz Overtures to Ham- and Franz Hamma. Became music director
Brissler.
let, have been written also by in Schaffhauseu in 1840, organist of Meer.s-
for orchestra,
Josef Joachim, op. 4, and by George Alex- burg on the Lake of Constance in 1842 ;
ander Macfarren. took part in revolutions in Italy and Baden ;
HAMLET, symphonic poem for orcliestra, lived in Switzerland and Badeu taught in ;
by Liszt, op. 4, No. 10. "Written in 1859. Burgdorf, Geneva, and Stuttgart was or- ;
Date of first performance unknown. ganist at Ettliugen, and later teacher in Neu-
HAMLET, symphonic poem for orchestra, stadt on the Haardt. He claimed to have
by E. A. Macdowell, first performed at discovered the original melody of the Mar-
Chickering Hall, New York, Nov. 15, 1887. seillaise in a mass by Holtzmann. W'orks :
HAMM, JOH.\NN VALENTIN, boru at Operettas Ballets Songs. Mendel do., ; ; ;
Winterhausen, Bavaria, May 11, 1811, died Ergiinz., 144 ; Fc'tis, Supplement, i. 447.
at Wiirzburg, Dec. 21, 1875. Violinist and HAMilEL, STEPHAN, born at Gissig-
pianist, pupil at the FrOhlicli Institute at heira, Baden, Dec. 21, 1756, died at Veits-
Wiirzburg ; entered the theatre orchestra hochheim, Feb. 1, 1S30. Organist, ed-
there, as viola player in 1831,and became ucated in the Benedictine monastery of St.
later Conzertmeister and music director. Stephen's Wiirzburg, he entered the
at
His opera Die Grilfin Plater, was w'ell re- order, and became pastor at Veitshochheim.
ceived at Wiirzburg, 1832. He composed He composed much
church and instru-
also symphonies, overtures, quintets, quar- mental music, of which httle has been pub-
tets, marches, dances, and part-songs.
Men- lished. Schilling do.. Supplement, 183 ; ;
del ; do., Ergiinz., Hi ; Fctis, Sujiplement, Mendel ; Fetis.

i. 447. HA:MMER, GEOEG, bom at Herlheim,
HA:\ni.\, BENJAMIN, born at Fried- Francouia, May 1, 1811, still living, 1889.
ingen, Wiii'temberg, Oct. 10, 1831, still liv- Organist, pupil in Wiirzburg at Frohlich's
ing, 1889. Brother of Fridolin and Franz Institute, where he became assistant in 1830,
Hanuna, pupil at Stuttgart of Lindpaintncr and of the seminary church of St. Michael
;
then lived in Paris and Kome. He directed in 1837. He is the author of church mu-
concert and singing societies in Kimigsberg sic, cantatas, songs, dances, and marches.
until after the war of 1870, then devoted Mendel Schilling,
Supplement, 184 ;
himself to teaching, and later became di- Fetis.

rector of the new luusic school in Stuttgart. HA:\IMERSCHinDT, ANDREAS, born
He composed the opera, Zarrisco, many at Briix, Bohe-
songs and part songs, and pianoforte pieces. mia, 1611, died
Mendel Ft'tis, Supph'nient, i. 447.
; at Zittau, Oct.
HAMMA, FBANZ, boru at Friedingen, 29, 1675. Or-
Wiirtemberg, Oct. 4, 1835, still living, 1889. ganist, studied
Organist and pianist, brother of Fridolin counterpoint at
and Benjamin Hamma. He was organist of Schandau, under
the church of St. Anna and director of the the cantor, Ste-
CilcUienverein in Basel, and later became phan Otto be- ;
organist at Oberstadion, Wiirtemberg. He came organist

has written songs, a vocal method, and organ at Freiberg in
music. Mendel ; Fetis, Supplement, i. 1635, and at Zit-
447. tau in 1639. Works : Instrumentaliseher
HAlVniA, FRIDOLIN, born at Fried- erster Fleiss (1636) Geistliche Concerte ;
ingen, Wiirtemberg, Dec. 1(1, 1818, still liv- von 2, 3, und 4 Stiramen (1838) Geistliche ;
ing, 1889. Organist, brother of Benjamin Concerte von 4, 5, und 6 Stimmeu (Frei-
;
;
HAMPE
burg, 1G41) ; Dialogi spirituali, oder Ge- tbem are : Das Entziicken, op. 8 ; Clavier-
spriicbe zwiscbeii Gott uud eiuer gUiubigen fuge, op. 21 Lieb-Anncben Fantasiestiick ; ;
Seele, -vou 2 und -i Stimiueii (Dresden, 1G45 in vier Bildern, op. 10. Mendel.
aiid 1(J52) XVII. Missw s:icr;e, 5 ad 12
; HAMPELN, KAKL VON, born iu Mauu-
usque vocibus et iustruiueutis (Dresden, beim, Jan. 30, 17G5, died iu Stuttgart, Nov.
1633) Paduanen, Gaillarden, Balleteu, etc. 23, 1834.
; Violinist, became Kapellmeister
(1st part, Freiberg, 1G18, 2d part, ib., to Prince von Fiirstenberg in Douauesebin-
1G50) Die niusilialiscbe Andachten, geist- gen, and later at tbe court in Hecbingen
;
;
liche Motetteu uud Coucerte, von 5, G, 12 was court musical director in Stuttgart
from 1811, being pensioned in 1825. A
mjibouie concertante for 4 violins, and
violin concerto were bis only compo-
und nielir Stimmen (Freiberg, 1G48) Welt- sitions publislied besides waltzes. Fctis
; ;
licbe Oden (Freiberg, IGIO) Die niusilca- Scbilling Mendel.; ;
liscbe Audacbteu (3d part, Freiberg, 1G52) HANDEL, GEORGE FRIDERIC (Georg
Cbor-Musiek (Leipsie, 1GG2) Die musika- Friedrieb Hiin- ;
liscbeu Gesprilcbe iiber die Evangelien, von del), born in

4, 5, 6 und 7 Stimmen (Dresden, IGSS) ;
Halle, Feb. 23,
Fast-, Buss- uud Dank-Lieder (Zittau, 1G51)) 1685, died in
Kireb- uud Tai'el-Musick (Zittau, 1GG2) ;
London, April
Missen vou 5, G, 12, uud uiolir stiiuuiige 14, 1759. Tbe
(Dresden, IGGl) Die Fest uud Zeit Au- name was va-
;
dacbteu, etc. (Dresden, 1G71). Gerber riously spelt ;
Mendel ; Fetis ; Scbilling ; Allgem. d. by different

Biogr., 488 Winterfeld, Der
X. ; evaiig. Kir- brancbes of tbe
cbeugesaug, ii. 219, 381. family : Hiiudel,
HA^MPE, JOHANN SAMUEL,
born at Heudel, Hendeler, Hiindeler, Hendtler it ;
Lucine, Silesia, Nov. 11, 1770, died at Op- was first spelt Hendel in England, after-
pelu, June 9, 1823. Organist and pianist, ward Handel in Germany tbe great com- ;
pupil of bis tben studied in Breslau. poser is universally known as Handel in

fatlier, ;
For six years tutor in a private family, be Fi-ance, until quite recently, as Hoendel or
obtained a government appointment at Hsendel. Handel's fatber was a surgeon, a
Tarnowitz, and in 179G at Glogau, wbere man of no artistic tastes, and wbo, being
bo founded a vocal institute ; from it sprang, sixty-five wben bis son was born, bad sucb
in 1807, a standard concert enterprise, for fixed ideas on tbe subject tbat, in spite of
wbicb be composed several works, and often tbe cbild's evident talent for music, be did
appeared successfully as a pianist. In 1809 everytbing to prevent bis studying it, even
be went to Liegnitz, and in 181G as coun- superficially. Handel's boyhood was one
cillor to Oppelu. He composed tbe opera determined struggle against parental au-
Die Kiickkebr (181G), cantatas, and festival tbority in tbis matter, until, on tbe inter-
bymus, and instrumental nuisic. Fetis ;
vention of tbe Duke of Saxe Weissenfels,
Mendel. be was reluctantly allowed to follow bis
HAJIPEL, HANS, born in Prague, Oct. natural bent. In 1G92 be began to study
5, 1822, died tbere, Marcb 30, 1881. Pian- counterpoint, canon, and fugue under Za-
ist, under Wen-
finisbed bis musical studies cbau, and to practise on tbe organ, tbe
zel Tomascbek, and wrote a Requiem, and barpsicbord, tbe spinet, and tbe oboe. In
pianoforte compositions mostly of a melan- 1695 be was sent to Berlin, wbere be met
cbolycbaracter, but of decided merit. Among Bononciui and Ariosti, exciting tbe admira-
HANDEL
;^,
^^. ^:.-
-Ej
~-c>
-4
,r:.
+4
4 .:-
T-=>
^^?^ ^=,r^- .(:;,
'
= -.
J
HANDEL
tiou of the one, find the dislike, find finally ward George I., of England) was offered
the jealousy, of the other by his already him by the advice of Steftaui, who then
wonderful imjirovisatious on the organ and held it Handel accepted, on the condition
;
harpsichord. The Elector wished to send of being allowed to visit England, whither
liim to Italy, and then attach him to his he went in the latter part of 1710. His
court but nothing came of it, and the boy Rinaldo, written in a fortnight, was brought
;
was ordered back to Zachau in Halle. On out at the King's Theatre, Haymarket, Feb.
his father's death he went to Hamburg, en- 24, 1711, with such success that his reputa-
tering the orchestra of the German Operji, tion in England was at once secured. At the
then under Keiser's direction, as violino di expiration of six mouths he was forced to
ripieno but on Keiser's being forced to return to Hanover but London attracted
; ;
hide from his creditors, Handel took the him so, that in January, 1712, he went back
thither, apparently without leave for when ;
his master, the Elector, came to London as

King of England, it took the intervention
of Baron Kilmanseck and the IFater-Music
episode to effect a reconciliation between
His Majesty and his quondam truant Ka-
pellmeister. Handel, however, soon ob-
tained his pardon and an annuity of 200.
In 171G he followed the King to Hanover,
where he brought out his Brockes-Passion.
On his return to London, in 1718, he suc-
ceeded Dr. Pejiusch as chapel-master to the
Duke of Chaudos, which post he hekl three
years, during which time he jjroduced the
Chandos Te Deums and Anthems, the Eng-
lish Acis and Galatea, and his first oratorio,
Esther. He gave lessons also to the daugh-
ters of the Prince of "Wales, for whom he
wrote the first volume of his Suites de
pieces pour le Clavecin, known in England
Birthplace of Handel.
as The Lessons. In addition, he assumed
the direction of the Italian opera for the
harpsichord, and was soon jjermaneutly en- Royal Academy of Music in 1720, engaging
gaged as clavecinist and conductor. In a company of Italian singers, Senesino and
Hamburg began his intimacy with Tele- Durastanti among them, and bringing out
maun and Miittheson. His first opera, Al- Radamisto with great success. From this
mira, was given in January, 1705. In 170G production of Radamisto dates the famous
Handel went to Italy, producing both operas rivalry between Handel and Bononcini.
and sacred works with unvarying success in The latter and Ariosti had been drawn to
Florence, Venice, Rome, and Naples. Here London by the Royal Academy, each one
the works of Alessandro Scarlatti made au of them had his supporters among the no-
indelible impression upon him ; indeed, of bility, and neither was inclined to acknowl-
all upon edge Handel's supremacy.
the outside influences ever exerted After Muzio
his genius, was unquestionably Scevola, in which each of the three com-
Scarlatti's
the strongest. In 1709 the post of Kapell- posers was engaged to write an act, as a
meister to the Elector of Hanover (txfter- conciliatory measure, Ai-iosti was virtually
2S3
;
HAXDEL
out of the race. But, altbougli Handel's brought out were failures with the public.
act was prouounced the finest of tlie thi-ee, After Deidamia (17tll) he ceased writing
Bouonciui would not succumb, and the for the stage, and turned his powers almost
rivali-y continued for several years, Bouou- exclusively to the oratorio. Saul and Israel
in Egypt were written and given in 1740,
the Messiah in 171:2, Jephtha, his last, in
1752. While writing it, he was attacked
by the disease which ended in his losing
his sight. He was couched three times for
cataract, but unsuccessfully, and remained
'
nearly or totally blind until his death.

Still, after a brief period of mental depres-
sion, he kept up his active professional
life, conducting his own oratorios, and even
playing organ concertos in public. During
the last years of his life the violent oppo-
sition to him, on the part of the aristocratic
faction, which had been kept up even after
his retirement from the operatic field by
Handel's Harpsichord. his persistent refusals to write anything fur
Senesino, sensibly declined. His last public
cini's popularitj- steadily increasing, wbile appearance was at a performance of the
Handel, whose rather haughty beanng did Messiah, on April 6, 1759. He was buried
not conciliate the nobility, kept losing in the south transept of Westminster Ab-
ground in popular favor, blatters came to bey, a monument by Roubiliac being raised
a climax in 1788, when Handel quarrelled over his tomb in 17G2. Handel's immense
with Senesiuo, who went over to the enemies' posthumous fame has been due almost en-
camji Bononciui would probably have held
; tirelj' to his oratorios indeed it was long
;
the field alone, had not his foolishly try-

ing to pass off a madrigal by Lotti as his
own given rise to a scandal which forced
him to quit England. The Bononcini party
immediately rallied round Senesino, and
soon a business competition ensued (in lieu
of the old artistic rivalry between Handel
and Bononcini) between Handel and his
company, at Coveut Garden, and a com-
pany at Lincoln's Inn Fields, with Senesino
as chief attraction, and Porpora as composer
and conductor. Neither enterprise thrived
the taste for Italian opera was on the wane Oeath-Mask of Handel.
Senesino left England in 1735, and two

years later Handel became bankrupt both ; the opinion of critics that, in the oratorios
houses were closed. Handel's health was written between 1740 and 1752, his genius
severely impaired, and an attack of paralysis found its finest and culminating expression.
sent him to Aix-la-Chapelle. When he re- ! But a careful study of his operas, recently
turned, in November, 1737, his health was '
made easily obtainable through the pub-

not much improved, and the few operas he ! lications of the Handelgesellschaf t, must
224
;
HANDEL
show that the general snpei-iority of the deutsche Volks- und Kirchenlied, Leip.sie,
oratorios is mainly imaginary, and that the Leuckart ; Julius Schilffer, Eobert Franz in
operas do not suffer in the comparison. seinen Bearbeituugen iilterer Vocalwerke,
His most popular, if not indisputably his Leipsic, Naumann ; do., Philipp Spitta und
greatest, work is the Messiah. What most sein Schlusswort in Sachen des Accompa-
stands in the way of bringing the greater gnements, Allg. deutsche Musikzeitg., 187G,
part of his vocal works face to face with the No. 2 do., Friedrich Chrysauder in .seinen
;
musical public of to-day, as is also the case Clavierausziigen zur deutscheu Hilndel-
with those of his equally great contempo- Ausgabe, Leuckart, 1876 do., Seb. Bach's ;
rary, Sebastian Bach, is the incomplete Cantate, " Sie werden aus Saba Alle
kom-
condition in which he left his scores, the men," etc., 3-24, Leuckart, 1877 Atlantic ;
full instrumental accom23animent being rare- Monthly, xlii., 321 Grove, i. 30 Fr. Chry- ; ;
sander, Jahrbiicher fiir mus. Wissenschaft,

i. 408, ii. 249, passim Ph. Spitta, Allg. Mu- ;
sikztg., 1875, No. 20). The etched portrait

of Handel given in this volume, is from the
frontispiece to the original edition of Alex-
ander's Feast. The death-mask is from an
engraving of the cast of his face, taken after
death by Roubiliac, from which the head of
the statue on his monument in Westminster
Abbey, erected in 1762, was modelled. The
" Commemoration of Handel," with the pro-
file portrait, is a facsimile of the plate at-
tached to the handbook of the commemor-
ation of the centenary of Handel's birthday,
held in Wêstminster Abbey, in 1784.
W'orks
Oratorios. I. German 1st Pas- :
siov, Hamburg, 1704 2d Passion, ib., 1716. ;
H. Italian La rcsurrezione, Rome, 1708 II

:
;
trionfo del tempo e del disinganno, ib., 1708.

m. English : Esther, Cannons,
De- 1720 ;
borah, London, 1733 1733 ; Athalia, Oxford, ;
Handel Statue at Halle.

Saul, London, 1739
Israel in Egypt, ib., ;
1739 The llessiah, Dublin, 1742 Samson,

; ;
ly written out, and, in many cases, only London, 1743 Joseph, ib., 1744 Hercules,
; ;
sjjaringly indicated by a figured basso con- ib., 1745 Belshazzar, ib., 1745
; Occasional, ;
tinuo. Several of the oratorios, many of ib., 1746 Jûrfas Maccabseus, ib., 1747 Alex-
; ;
the oiêra airs, and the chamber-duets have ander Balus, ib., 1748 Joshua, ib., 1748 ;
;
been supplied with additional accompani- Solomon, ib., 1749 Susanna, ib., 1749 Hwo-
; ;
ments, in a more or less adequate way, by dora, ib., 1750 Jephtha, ib., 1752 and The
; ;
Mozart, Johaun Adam Hiller, Mosel, Men- Triumph Time and Truth, ib., 1757.
of
delssohn, Robert Franz, Johannes Brahms, Anthems, Hymns, etc.: Utrecht Te Deum,
and others but much still remains to be London, 1713
; Utrecht Jubilate, ib., 1713 ;
;
done in this way, both for Handel and 12 Ghandos Anthems, Cannons, 1718-20 ;
Bach. (On this subject see Franz, Offener 1st Chandos Te Deum, ib., 1718-20; 2d
Brief an Eduard Hanslick, Leipsic, 1871 Chandos Te Deum, ib., 1718-20 Short Te ;
August Saran, Eobert Franz und das Deum, ib., 1718-20; 4 Coronation Kuihevas,
225
; ;;;;
HANDEL
Loudon, 1727 1st Wedding Anthem, ib., ; 1728; Tolomeo, ih., 1128 Zoiario, ib., 1729, ;
1731 2d Wedding Anthem, ib, 1736

; ;
Parlenope.ib., 1730 Poro, ib., 1731 Ezlo, ; ;
Queen Caroline's Te Deum, ib, 1737 ib., 1732 Sosarnw, ib., 1732
; Orlando, ib., ;
Funeral Anthem, ib, 1737 Dellingen Te ; 1732 Arianyia, ib., 1731

; AriodanUi, ib., ;
Deum, ib, 174:3 Dellingen Anthem, ib, ; 1735 Alcina, ib, 1735 Alalanla, ib., 1736
; ;
;
1713 Foundhng Anthem, ib, 1719 3 Eng-

; ; Giustino, ib, 1737 Arminio, ; ib., 1737
glish Hymns Laudate j)ueri in F, Halle
; ;
Berenice, ib., 1737 Farainondo, ; ib., 1738,
Dixit Dominus, Rome Nisi Domiuus Lau- ; ; and 1738 Jupiter in Argos (1739),
Serse, ib., ;
date pueri in D, Rome Silete veuti, ib. ; ;

not performed Imeneo, London, 1710 Dei-
; ;
Kyrie Gloria Magnificat.

; ; damia, ib., 1711. Parts of operas: Tito,
Operas. L German : Ahnira, Hamburg, 1732 ; Alfonso Primo, 1732 ; Flavio Olibrio
and Houorius. Pasticcios Ormisda, Lon- :
don, 1730 Lucio Papirio, ib., 1732

; II ;
Catone, ib., 1732 Semiramide, ib., 1733 ; ;
Cajo Fabrieeio, ib., 1733 Arbace, ib., 1731 ;
Orestes, ib., 1731 Alesrândro Severe, ib., ;
1738 Roxana, ib., 1713 Lucio Voro, ib.,

; ;
1717 Ernelinda, and fragments of an

;
opera without name or date. Dramatic

Pieces The Alchymist, London, 1732
:
;
Tcrpftichore, ib., 1731 Semele, ib., 1711 ;
The Choice of Hercules (Alceste), ib., 1751.

Serenatas and Odes : Aci, Galatea e Poli-
femo, Naples, 1708 ;
Queen Anne's Birth-
day Ode, London, 1713 ; Acis and Galatea,
Cannons, 1720 Parnaâo in Festa, London, ;
1731 Alexander's Feast, ib., 1736 Ode for

; ;
Saint Cecilia's Day, ib., 1739 L' Allegro, il ;
penseroso, ed il moderato, ib., 1710. Many

Italian cantatas, duets, and trios 7 French ;
songs 9 Gorman songs

; 16 Italian airs ;
and canzonets and 1 English air. For ever

;
let his sacred raptures, unpublished.

Instrumental : Water Musick (on the
Thames, 1715) ; Fireworks Musick (Lon-
Handbook-Plate, Commemoration, 1784.
don, 1719) ; 6 sonatas (trios), (lost), 1691
170o ; Nero, ib., 1705 ; Florindo und Daphne, 12 sonatas, solo.s, op. 1 (Walsh, 1732) ; 6 so-
ib., 1706. n. Italian (Walsh, 1733) 6 hautboy
: Boderigo, Florence, natas (trios), op. 2 ;
1707 Agrippiiia, Venice, 1708

; Hinaldo, concertos, op. 3 (Walsh, 1729) 6 organ ; ;
London, 1711 Pa4or Fido, ib., 1712 ; Te- concertos, op. 1 (Walsh, 1738) 2d set ; ;
leo, ib., 1713 ; SUIa, 1711, not performed in (Walsh, 1710) ; 3d set,posthumous (Walsh,
public; Amadigi,'London,ni5; Badamhlo, 1760) ; 7 trios, op. 5 (Walsh, 1739) 12 grand ;
ib., 1720Mnzio Scevola, ib., 1721 Flori-

:
; concertos, op. 6 (Walsh, 1710) ; 6 organ
danle, ib, 1721 Ottone, ib., 1723 F/avio, ib.,
; ; concertos, op. 7 (1761) ; 3 oi'gan concertos
1723 .Glulio Cesare, ib., 1721 Tamerlano,
; ; (Arnold, Concertone (or concer-
1797) ;
ib., 1721; Rodelinda, ib., 1725; Scipione, tante) nine parts, for 2 solo violins,
in
ib, 1726 Alessandro, ib., 1726
; Admeto, ; violoncello, hautboy, and stringed band
ib., 1727 Riccardo V, ib., 1727 ; Siroe, ib.,
; (Walsh, 1711) ; Coucei'to for trumiJets and
;; ;
IIANISCH
lioriis (Birchall)Concerto for horns and in 1791, to Flensburg, where he founded
;
skle-drums (unpublished) HornjiiiJe (1740) a singing school and concert institute, and
;
Sonata for 2 violins (1736) Sonata in five became cantor, and music director. Finally
;
l)arts (173G) and Sonatas for violin, viola, he was city music director in Hamburg.
;
and hautboy. For harpsichord Forest Works Operas : Robert und Hannchen, :
Musick (Dublin, 1742) The Lessons, or Warsaw, 1781 Haphire, Flensburg, about
;
;
Suites de Pieces, containing the Harmonious 1793 Huon und Amande, ib., 1794 Doc- ; ;
Blacksmith (Cluer 1720 Wdsli, 1733) 2d tor Faust's Leibgiirtel, ib., 179G Cassandra
; ; ;
set of nine Lessons (Walsh, 1733) 3d set abbandonata, Italian intermezzo. Ballets
;
:
of Lessons (Aruould, 1793) G Fugues for Pygmalion

; Die Jiiger Die Wassergotter ; ;
;
Phobus und
aphne Die ;
oeo'y^t Dorf sch u 1 e ;
several others.
Choruses to
Rolla's Tod
Prologues, ep-
ilogues, and
incidental
organ or harpsichord, op. 3 (Walsh, 1735) music for comedies and dramas 7 German ;
4 Minuets and March (1720) and short ; 5 Italian do. cantatas

Sj-mphouies for or- ; ;
pieces. Fr. Chrysander, G. F. Handel chestra Concertos for violin, oboe, trum- ;
(Leipsic, 1858-60) Victor Schoelcher, Life

; pet, and horn 4 symphonies concertantes ;
of H. (London, 1857) Maiuwaring, Me-

; for 2 horns Sextets and serenades for dif- ;
moirs of G. F. H. (London, 1700) W. S. ferent instruments Quartets for do. Trios

;
; ;
Rockstro (London, 1883) G. G. Gervinus, ; for 2 violins and bass do. for oboes and ;
Handel iind Shakespeare (Leipsic, 18GS) bassoon do. for 2 horns and trumpet
; ;
;
Kretschmar, in Samml. mus. Vortriige, V. Duets for different instruments, of which

ino Naumaini, Deutsche Tondicliter, 25.
; about 300 for 2 horns Solos for violin and ;
H.INISCH, JOSEPH, born at Katisbon for tlute Church music, and songs. F6- ;
in the 19th century. Organist, sou and tis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
pupil of Anton Haniseh, whoiu he suc- HANNIBAL. See Annihale.

ceeded in 183G as organist. He was the HANSEN, GOTFRIED MATTHISON,
assistant of Proske in his first visit to Italy, born at Roeskilde, Denmark, Nov. 1, 1832,
and in 1840 became organist of the cathe- still living, 1889. Organist, son of Hans
dral of Ratisbon. Works
Missa auxilium Matthison Hansen. Renounced the study
:
Christianorum ;
Quatuor pro festo of law, and taught himself music. Was ap-
hyiinii
corporis Christi Fiinf lateinische Pre- pointed organist of the German Friedrichs-
;
digtgesiinge.
^Mendel. Kirche in Copenhagen in 1859 studied in ;
HANKE, KARL, born at Rosswalde, Leipsic in 1862-63 became organ teacher ;
Schleswig, in 1754, died in Hamburg in 1835. of the Cojienhagen Couservatorium in 18G7 ;
Dramatic composer, directed the chapel secured the position of organist of St.
of Count von Haditz in his native place John's Church in 1871 gave concerts in
; ;
married the singer Stormkin, and accom- Denmark in 1874-77 and often visited ;
panied her as conductor to different cities. Germany. Works Trios for pianoforte :
In 1786 he was called to the court theatre at and strings, ojj. 5 Drei Characterstiicke, ;
Schleswig on his wife's death he married for pianoforte, op. 1 Drei Mazurkas, for
; ;
another singer, Berwald, and with her went. do., op. 2 Vom nordischen Mythenkonig ;
:
HANSEN'
Frocle Fredegod, Ballade for do., op. 14 ;
1827 (Devrient's " Recollections," 40). The
Souata for do. and violin, op. 11 ; do. for success of the work was instantaneous and
isiauoforte and violoncello, op. 16 ; Fan- universal, and it still retains an honoui'able
tasie, for organ, op. 15 ; Conzert-Tonstucke, place in all the German
theatres. Its pro-
for do., op. 19. Mendel, Ergiinz., 146. duction in Copenhagen, under the com-
HANSEN, HANS HIATTHISON, born at poser's own direction, in 1836, was so suc-
Flensburg, Feb. 1889. cessful that he was offered the post of Gen-
6, 1807, still living,
Organist. After making considerable prog- eral Miisik-Director in Denmark, an honour

ress in the study of art and teaching him- which his enthusiastic reception in Ger-
self music, he became the pupil of C. F. E. many obliged him to decline. Among the
Weyse on the organ, and in 1832 was ap- best impersonators of the title role is Eugen
pointed oi-ganist of the Cathedral at Eoes-
kilde. He gave concerts in Norway in
1861, in Sweden in 1862, and in London in
1864. He is
considered one of the best or-
ganists living, and highly esteemed as a
church composer. Order of Danebrog,
1857 ;
professor', 1869. Works : Preludes
and postludes, for the organ ; 2 Kyrie elei-
son Cycle of church music for Christmas,
;
Easter, and Pentecost 130th psalm The ; ;
Lord's Prayer Introductions and variations

;
on vai'ious themes. In manuscript Jo- :
hanues, oratorio ; 100th, 121st, and 150th

psalm, with orchestra ; 6 symphonies, 6
fantasias, variations, etc., for organ. Men-
del, Ergiinz., 144. Eugen Gura.
HANSER, WILHEL:\I, born at Tnter-
zeil, Swabia, Sept. 12, 1738, died
(?). Or- Gura (born at Pressern, Bohemia, Nov. 8,
ganist, entered the order of the Premon- 1842), whose jsortrait is given herewith.
stratensians and studied the pianoforte, or- Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 83.
gan, violin, and violoncello at the Abbey of HANSL, PETER, born at Leppe, Prus-
Scheusseuried. In 1775 he went to the sian Silesia, Nov. 29, 1770, died in Vienna,
Abbey of Lavaldieu in the Ardennes and Sept. 18, 1831. Violinist, educated by an
founded there a school of music. Woi'ks uncle in Warsaw. In 1787 he entered the
Psalmodia vesjiertina quatuor vocibus (Augs- orchestra of Prince Potemkin in St. Peters-
burg, 17G7) Dixit, Magnificat, and Nunc
; burg ; was Conzertmeister in the
in 1791
dimittis, quatuor voc. cum organo (Augs- orchestra of Prince Lubomirski in Vienna,
burg, 1767) 4 sonatas for pianoforte with
; where he studied composition under Haydn.
violin accompaniment (Paris, 1777) Grad- ; Visited Paris in 1802, and after remaining
ual and autiphonary (Nancy, 1789) Masses ; there a year returned to Vienna. He died
and fugues for organ. Fetis Mendel. ; of cholera. Works : 55 string quartets ; 3
HANS HEnjNG, romantic opera in quartets with flute and clarinet ; 4 quintets ;
three acts, text by Eduard Dcvrient, music 9 duets for violins ; variations, rondos, polo-
by Heinrich Marschner, first represented at naises, marches, etc., for various instru-
Hanover, May 24, 1833. The libretto of ments. Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
this opera, which is Marschner's master- HANS SACHS, German comic o-pera, in
piece, had been offered to Mendelssohn in four acts, text by Regei", music by Albert
;; ;
HANSSENS
Lortzing, represented at Leipsic, June 23, 1777, died at Brussels, May G, 1852. Dra-
ISiO. An unperformed opera of the same matic composer, first instructed by Vauthier
title by Gyrowetz (died and Verheym, then pupil in Paris of Ber-
was written also
1850). Hans Sachs
the hero of Wagner's ton, and in Ghent of his elder brother, Jo-
is
Die Meidfrxinger von Niirnberg. seph Hanssens, and of the violinist Ambroise
HANSSENS, CHAELES LOUIS, born at Ferny. He began as chef d'orchestre of an
Ghent, July 12, 1802, died at Brussels, amateur theatre at Ghent, then was con-
April 8, 1871. Violoncellist, entered the or- nected in the same caf)acity with a troupe
chestra of the National Theatre at Amster- performing alternately in Amsterdam, Ut-
dam in 1812, became leader in 1822, and recht, and Rotterdam in 1804 he went to ;
in 1824; violoncellist, and later leader of the Autwerj^, thence to Ghent, and in 1825 to
orchestra in the theatre at Brussels. In Brussels as chef d'orchestre of the Theatre
1827 he was made professor of harmony in de la Monnaie in 1827 he was apjôinted di- ;
the royal school of music, but returned to rector of the royal orchestra, and in 1828 in-
Holland in 1830, and in 1831: became solo sjsector of the Conservatoire. Compromised
violoncellist at the Theatre Ventadour in in the iJolitical events of 1830 he lost both
Paris, and later second leader of the or- positions, but conducted the opera again
chestra and composer. In 1835 he was di- in 1835-38, and in 1840, when he also as-
rector of the French opera at the Hague sumed a partnership in the enterprise, there-
then at Brussels professor at the Conserva- by ruining himself financially. Works :
toire, director of the Societe de la Grande Les dots, comic opera, given at Ghent in
Harmonic, and chef d'orchestre of the The- 1804 Le solitaire de Formentera, drama, ;
atre Eoyal. Member of the Royal Acad- Ghent and Lille, 1807 La partie de tric- ;
emy of Belgium Order of Leopold. Works trac, ou la belle-mere, comic opera, Ghent,
;
Operas Le siege de Calais, given at 1812 Alcibiade, grand opera, Brussels,

:
;
Brussels, 1861 Marie de Brabant, frag- 1829 Cantata 6 masses with orchestra
; ; ;
ments of which were performed in concerts Beatus vir, for four voices and orchestra 2 ; ;
6 others ballets Sylla Le pied de mou- Deus Dixit

; 3 Te Deum Album.
: ; Fetis ; ; ;
ton ; La lamps merveilleuse ; Le conscrit Mendel.

L'enchanteresse ; Mahieux ;
part of Gar- HARANC (Harreuc), LOUIS ANDRE,
gantua ;
Bizzarre, not given ; Robinson ;
born in Paris, June 12, 1738, died there in
Fleurette ; Le 5 juillet (with Snel), Brus- 1805. Violinist, played Tartiui's difficult
sels, 1825 ; Un dimanche a Poutoise, ib., sonatas at the age of six. Travelled in Italy,
1833 ; Valentine Le chateau de Kenil-
; 1758-Gl, then was admitted to the royal
worth ; Le paradis du diable Music to ; chapel, and in 1770 became first violinist to
Gustave VaOz's drama Agneessens, Brussels, the king. He taught the violin to the dau-
1819 Le sabbat, cantata-oratorio, ib., 1870
;
;
phin, father of Louis XVI., from 1763 till
4 cantatas with orchestra; Requiem, ib., that prince's death. In 1775 he was ap-
1837 2 solemn masses several sympho-
; ; pointed director of the queen's concerts,
nies for full orchestra ; do., overtures ; do., and in 1790 became first violinist at the
fautaisies ; Concerto for violoncello ; do. for Theatre Montansier. Works 6 sonatas for :
violin ; do. for pianoforte ; 2 concertos for violin and basso continue, 12 duos for 2 vio-
clarinet; Symphouie concertante for clari- lins. Fetis.
net and violin ;
Quartets for strings ; Cho- HARDER, AUGUST, born at SchOner-
ruses a cappella ; etc. Futis ; do.. Supple- stildt,near Leisnig, Saxony, in 1774, died
ment, i. 419 ; Mendel ; Viotta. in Leipsic, Oct. 29, 1813. Song composer,
HANSSENS, CHARLES LOUIS JO- pupil of his father ;
gave up theology for
SEPH, the elder, born at Ghent, May 4, music, and settled in Leipsic as a teacher.
; '
IIARDOUIN
He wrote about 50 books of songs, -wbich HARMONIES POETIQUES ET RELI-
became uuiversally popular, and guitar and GIEUSES, 10 2)ieces for pianoforte solo, by
pianoforte music. Fctis
Gerber Schil- Liszt, op. 33. I. Invocation H. Ave Ma-
; ; ;
ling. ria HI. Benediction de Dieu dans la soli- ;
HARDOUm, Abbe HENRI, born at tude rV. Pensee des morts V. Pater nos- ; ;
Grandprc (Ardeuues), France, in 172-4, died ter VI. Hymue de I'enfaut a son reveil ; ;
at Eheims, Aug. 13, 1808. Church com- VII. Funerailles VHI. Miserere d'apres ;
poser, educated at the maitrise of the Cathe- Palestrina IX. Andante lagrimoso, Tom- ;
dral of Rheims, became a priest and canon, bez, larmes X. Cantique d'amour. Pub- ;
and was maltre de chapelle rmtil the Revo- lished by Kistner (Leipsic, 1853). Ramann,
lution ; on Robespierre's death several Liszt, 212.
priests who had remained in hiding, re- HARMONIOUS BLACKS:\IITH, THE,
stored the cathedral services and reinstated air with variations for pianoforte, by Handel,
him. He was entrusted with the revision included in his First set of Lessons for the
of the breviary of the diocese of Rheims, Harpsichord, published by Cluer under the
and set its hymns and proses to new music. title Suites de Pieces pour le Clavecin :
Works Solemn mass, for the coronation of (1720). It closes the fifth lesson in E ma-
:
Louis XVI. 12 masses for 4 voices a cap- jor, and in the early editions was called
;
pella (17G4) over -kO masses for 4-5 voices, Air ct Doubles. This was arranged for the
;
with orchestra about SO motets several orchestra, and was jjerformed bj' the Acad-
; ;
Requiems 4 Te Deum De profundis etc. emy of Ancient Music in London. Tradi-

; ; ;
He published also Methode nouvelle de tion says that Handel used as his theme a
Plain-clKUint (1762).
Fotis, Larousse. tune which he heard sung in a smithy,
HAKFENQUARTETT, for two violins, where he had taken refuge from the rain,
viola, and violoncello, in Eflat, by Beetho- by a blacksmith, who beat time to his song
ven, op. 74, composed in 1801), and dedi- with his hammer on the anvil. It has been
cated to the Fiirst von Lobkowitz. The alleged that this air was written by Wagen-
MS. is in the possession of Paul Mendels- seil, or some older composer. A version of
sohn. It is named from the pizzicati arpeg- the tune was published in Paris to words by
gios that it contains, and which give the Clement Marot. Scho^lcher, Handel, 65,
effect of the harp. I. Poco adagio, iUlegro 401 Rockstro, 117 Chrysaiider, iii. 187
; ; ; ;
n. Adagio IH. Presto IV. Allegretto con Richard Clark, Reminiscences of Handel
; ;
variazioni. Published by Breitkopf & Hiir- (London, 1836).

tel (Leipsic, 1810) do., Beethoven Werke,
; H.ARK, THE CHRIST BONNY
Serie G, No. 10. Lenz, Beethoven, ii. 166 ;
CHURCH BELLS, catch for three voices
Thayer, Verzeichniss, 79. bj' Henry Aldrich. He wrote also a Greek
HARGITT, CH.ARLES JOHN, born in version of this catch.
Edinburgh in 1833, still living, 1889. Or- HARNISCH, JOHANN JACOB, German
ganist and conductor, pupil of his father, church composer of the 17th century. He
Halle, Sir G. A. Macfarren, and Ferdinand published at Worms in 1G52 a collection of
Hiller. He has been, since 1862, conductor motets, psalms, and other compositions un-
in London, where he organized the Royal der the title Calliope mi.xta. Fetis Men- ;
Albert Hall Choral Society, of which he del Schilling. ;
was sub-conductor to Gounod. Works HARNISCH, OTTO SIEGFRIED, born :
Coronet or Crown, opera 2 operettas in the IGth century, died in 1630.

; He was
The Harvest Queen, cantata Orchestral cantor in the chui'ch of St. Blasius, Bruns-
;
overtures, marches, music to plays, songs, wick, about 1588, cantor at Gottingen
part-songs, etc. in 1603-21, and Kajjellmeister at Celle.
;
IIAEOLD
Works : Neue lustige, teutscbe Liedlein lien (1888), 89 ; Liszt, Ges. Schr. (Ramann),
(HelmstiuU, 1588, 1591; Hamburg, 1591, iv. 3.
1G51 Nuremberg, 1601)
; Fasciculus se- HARRER, GOTTLOB, died at Carlsbad
;
lectissimarum cantionum (Hehnstildt, 1592) in 1755. Church composer, studied coun-

Artis musicffi tlelineatio (Frankfort, 1G08) terpoint in Italy accompanied Frederick
; ;
Kosetum Musicum (Rostock, 1G17) Psal- the Great on the harpsichord in 1745 at
;
moilia iiova (Goslar, 1G21) Passio Domiuica Leipsic, where he was cantor of the Tho-
;
(Goslar, 1G21) Resurrectio Dominica (Gos- masschule in 1750-55. Left in manuscriiot

;
lar, 1G22) Cantiones Gregoriamo (Goslar, the oratorios Der Tod Abels, Gioas re di
;
1G2J:).
Gerber, ii. 504 Mendel, v. G7 Giuda 3 Passion-oratorios Symphonies
; ; ; ;
;
Ergiinz., 150 Fctis, iv. 22

; Scbilliug, iii. Concertos for various instruments Duos for
;
;
475 ; Allgem. d. Biog., x. G14. flutes ; Sonatas for pianoforte, etc. Allgem.
HAROLD, dramatic opera in five acts and d. Biogr., X. G50 Fetis Schilling
; ; ; Mendel.
nine tableaux, by Eduord Napravnik, repre- HARRINGTON, HENRY, born at Kel-
sented in St. Petersburg, Nov. 23, 188G. It ston, Somersetshire, England, in 1727, died
is said to have won Harold, at Bath, Jan. 15,
great applause. 181G. He was graduated
German opera, text by Paul Krone, music
at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1748, settled
by Karl Pfeffer, given in Vienna, April 3, as a physician in Bath, of which he became
1887, was well received. mayor. He founded there the Harmonic
HAROLD EN ITALIE, symphony in four Society. Works : 3 books of glees and
j)arts, by Hector Berlioz, op. IG, for full songs (1770, 1785, 1797) Eloi ;Eloi or ! !
orchestra, with solo viola, composed in 1834 The Death of Christ, a dirge for Passion
and performed at the Conservatoire, Week (1800)
first Anthems Songs. Grove ; ; ;
Paris, Nov. 23, 1834. Dedicated to Hum- Fetis Harmonicon, 1830, 225. ;
bert Ferraud. I. Harold aux montagnes. HARTEL, BENNO, born at Jauer, Si-
Scenes de melancolie, de bonheur, et de lesia, May 1, 184G, still living, 1889. Pu-
joie, (Adagio and Allegro) in G. H. pil of E. Hoppe on the piianof orte, of P. Jap-
Marche de pelerins chantant la priere du sen on the violin, and of P. Kiel in comjjo-
soir, (Allegretto) in E. III. Serenade d'un sition. In 1870 he became instructor of
montaguard des Abbruzes a sa maitresse, theory at the roj-al school for music in Ber-
(Allegro assai) in C. IV. Orgie de brigands, lin. He has composed an opera, orchestral
souvenirs des scenes precedeutes, (Allegi-o music, over 300 canons, and other vocal mu-
frenetico) in G. The work, the idea of sic, but has published only pianoforte pieces
which is based on " Childe Harold," origin- and an Andante religioso for contralto.
ated in a request of Pagauini's that Berlioz Mendel, iv. 484.
should write a solo to display the qualities HARTKAS, FRIEDRICH WILHELM,
of liis Stradivarius viola. It has been much born at Bennuugeu, Thuringia, March 10,
altered since its first production. It was 1805, still living, 1889. Organist, pupil of
first played in England at the New Philhar- Weissenborn at Frankenhausen studied at ;
monic Concert, London, July 4, 1855, under the Royal Institute for Church Music in
the direction of the composer. same time took lessons
First per- Berlin, and at the
formed in Boston by Theodore Thomas's of Kelz on the violoncello. Taught vocal
orchestra, Oct. 28, 1874. The score and music in several schools of Berlin became ;
parts are iûblished by Schlesinger. Ar- oi-ganist of the Paulskirche there in 1835,
ranged for pianoforte by Liszt (Brandus and of the Elizabethkirche in 1839. Com-
et Cie., Paris, 1880). Jullien, H. Berlioz, posed vocal and organ music. Mendel.
140 Berlioz, Memoires, Cli. 45
; Grove HARTaiANN, CHRISTIAN KARL, born
; ;
Upton, Standard Symphonies, 105 ; Jul- in Alteuburg about 1750, died in Paris
;
HARTMANN
about 1804. Virtuoso on theLived 24. Meyer, Conv. Lex. (1888)
flute. Mendel, ;
in Hamburg 1790 at Ergiiuz., 151 Riemanu.

(1786), Russia, ami in ;
Erlangeu, whence he went to Paris ami be- HARTJIANN, JOHANN, born at Gross-
came professor at the Conservatoire in glogau, Silesia, about 1735, died in Copen-
1794, ami flutist at the Opera. Works 4 hagen in 1791. Violinist, was a member of :
Concertos Duos Variations

; Fantasias the Prince Bishop's chapel of Breslau in
; ;
for flute and orchestra (1784-85) G Duos 1754, and Conzertmeister at the court of
;
for flutes, op. 6 do., op. 7; 2 Aira varies Rudolstadt about 1760; entered the ser- ;
for flute, violin and orchestra 6 French and vice of the Duke of Ploen, with whom he
;
Russian airs, for flute with violin or vio- removed to Copenhagen in 1768, and there
loncello 126 Cadenzas for flute in all composed many works for the cliurch and
;
keys Collection of preludes for do. 8 Airs theatre, highly esteemed in Denmark, but
; ;
varies, with bass. Fctis

Mendel Schil- all of which were lost at the burning of
; ;
ling. Christiansborg Castle. His opera Raider's

HART.MANN, CHRISTOPH HEINRICH, Dijid was written in the style of Gluck ;
born at Rudisleben, Thuringia, about 1750, from another opera, The Fisherman, the
died at Eimbeck, Hanover, in 182G. He popular "Kong Christian stod ved hojen
was organist at Eimbeck, and composed an Mast " still survives as a national song.
oiêra Das Zauberschloss, sonatas for piano- Mendel Schilling Gerber (1790), i. 587, ; ;
forte and violin, pianoforte pieces, and (1812) ii. 511.

songs. Fetis ; Schilling. HARTMANN, (JOHANN PEDER) EMIL,
HARTMANN, ElMIL, born at Copenha- born at Cojienhagen,
gen, Feb. 21, 18.36, still May 14, 1805, still
living, Son and 1889. living, 1889. Dra-

pupil of Johann Peder matic composer, son
Emil Hartmann stud- ; and puj)il on the
ied under his
also pianoforte and violin
brother-in-law, Gade, of August Wilhelm
visiting Lcijssic in 1860. Hartmann, who was
In 1861 he became or- organist at Copenha-
ganist of a church in
Coi)enliagen, and in
/,,'-.'
^ W - o*^" ^^ 1800-50, and
in his turn a son of
1871 of the royal chapel of Christiansborg Johann Hartmann. While he studied juris-
there, but on account of his health retired jirudence and held a government ofiice for
in 1873 to SOlleriid, near Copenhagen, and a time, he was much influenced and advised
devoted himself to composition. Works: by Weyse, assisted his father as organist of
Fjeldstuen, ballet, given at Copenhagen the Garrison church, was teacher in the ;
The Nixie, operetta, ib. Elverpigen (The Copenhagen Conservatory, and brought out
;
alder-maid), opera, given at Copenhagen, his first opera in 1832. In 1836 he visited
1867 The Corsicans, comic opera A ballet Germany, France, and Switzerland, in 1840
; ;
2 symphonies, in E-flat, op. 29, and A minor became director of Copenhagen Conserva-
(Aus der Ritterzeit, op. 34) Eine nordische toiy, and in 1849 was made royal chapel-
;
Heerfahrt, overture Nordische Volkstiinze, master. On the fiftieth anniversary of his

;
for orchestra, op. 18 Winter und Lenz, musical life, in 1874, he received the Dane-
;
for chorus and orchestra, op. 13 Concerto brog Oi'der, and in 1879 was made a Ph.D.
;
for violin, op. 19 do., for violoncello, op. by the university of Copenhagen.
; He de-
27 ; Trio for pianoforte op. 10 Serenade servedly ranks among the greatest musi-
; ;
for pianoforte, violoncello, and clarinet, op. cians of Denmark. Gade married his
23a
' ;
HAETMANN
daughter. Works
Operas Kavnen, oder Lorenzo Aldini, and Portici, grand operas,
:
Broderproven (The Raven, or Brotherly not yet produced Music to Augier's drama ;
Proof), given at Copenhagen, 1832 The Portia, Paris, 1853 The 43d psalm, for
; ;
Golden Horns, ib., 1834: The Corsairs, ib., soli, chorus, and orchestra La foret, for
; ;
1835 Liden Kirsten (Little Christina), ib., do.

; Prologue symjihonique to Schiller's ;
184G Music to Bournouville's classical Maid of Orleans

; Mass with orchestra ;
ballets, and to Oehleuschliiger's, Heiberg's, Symphony for full orchestra ; 2 concert

and Andersen's dramas Concerto for violin ;
;
overtures (Macbeth and Pompee) ; 2 suites
Pianoforte pieces, and song-cycles (Salomon for string quartet ; 2 quartets for strings ;
and Sulamith, Hjortens Flugt, etc.). Fetis, Scherzo for do. ; Six duets for female
Supplement, i. -151 Mendel Meyer, Conv. ; ; voices. Fetis ; do., Supplement, i. 451 ;
Lex. (1888), VHI. 185 Riemann. ; Riemann.

HARTMANN, LUDWIG, born at Neuss HASENBALG, JOHANN FRIEDRICH,
on the Rhine in 183G, born at Werna, Hohenheim, in 1771, dietl
still living, 1889. Pi- at Brunswick, July 28, 1859. Pupil of his
anist, son and jûpilof father. Taught in Brunswick, where he
Friedrich Hartmanu was music director of the Martineum and
(vocal composer, gymnasium, and founded and conducted
born 1805), then at the Singakademie. In youth he studied
the Conservatorium, the harp, but later gave it up. Works So- :
Le psic
i pupil of ,
natas for harp and violin Fantasias and va- ;
Moscheles and Haupt- riations for harp Church music Songs,

; ;
mann, and in Weimar etc. Mendel Fetis Schilling.

; ;
(185G-7) of Liszt ; in
'
HASER, AUGUST FERDINAND, born

1859 he ajipeared with great success in a at Leipsic, Oct. 15, 1779, died in Weimar,
concert at Dresden, where he settled and Nov. 1, 1844. He was educated at the
made for himself an exclusive position as a Thomasschule, and studied theology at the
literarychampion of the Wagner tendency. University of Leij^sic became teacher and ;
Works KOnig Helge, ojêra (MS.) Piano-

: ; cantor in Lemgo in 1797, and director of
forte music, and songs. Mendel. music in 1800. In 1800-13 he visited Italy ;
HARTOG, EDOUARD DE, born in Am- taught mathematics and Italian in Lemgo
sterdam, Aug. 15, 1826, still living, 1889. in 1815, and from 1817 lived in Weimar as
Dramatic composer, pupil of Mme Dulcken, music master to the ducal family, and mu-
Dohler, Hoch, and Bartelmann, then in sical director of the principal church.
Paris under Elwart and Litolti', and finally Works: Der Triumph des Glaubens, ora-
(1849-52) under Heiuze and Damcke. He torio, words by Klopstock, performed in
settled in Paris in 1852, produced his music Birmingham, 1837 two ojêras, Die Neger ;
to Portia at the Societe de Sainte-Cecile, auf St. Domingo, and Alphonsiue, oder der
and taught composition, harmony, and Thurm im Walde Church music, over- ;
pianoforte. He is a member of the Nether- Versuch

tures, songs, and pianoforte music ;
land Society for the Encouragement Gesang-

of einer systematischen Uebersicht der
Music, and was one of the collaborators of lehre(1820) Lehrbuch des Gesanges(1831). ;
Pougin's Supplement to the Biographie Fctis Mendel Gerber. ; ;
Universelle des Musiciens. Orders of the HASLER. See Hassler.

Oaken Crown, and of Leojiold. Works HASLINGER, KARL, born in Vienna,
Operas Le mariage de Don Lope, comic June 11, 1816, died there, Dec. 26, 1868.
:
opera, given at the Theatre Lyrique, 1865 Pianist, son of Tobias Haslinger, the founder
;
L'amour et son bote, do., Brussels, 1873 of the publishing house pupil of Czerny
; ;
;
IIASSE
on the pianoforte, and of Seyfried in com- ably lai'gely due to Porpora's instruction.
position. He succeeded to Ins father's ex- His first Italian opera, Sesostrate, given in
tensive publishing business, and as an artist Naples in 172(), spread his fame all over
deserved well of musical life in Vienna by Italy. Next year he was made professor at
his musical soirees, continued for thirtj' the Scuola degl' lucurabUi, Venice, where
years, in which, with the assistance of emi- he wrote his long-famous Miserere. In
nent artists, he presented to the public the 1728 he returned to Naples, but was back
best works of old and new classical com- in Venice again in 1729, where he married
posers. Works Wanda, das Miidchen von the great singer, Faustina Bordoni. He
:
Californien, opera Napoleon I, symphony- was then the most popular composer in
;
cantata, given at Weimar, 1853 Die Glocke, Italy, and ecûally a favorite in society, his
;
cantata for 4 solo voices, chorus, and or- personal beauty, fine voice and singing,
chestra Masses, and other church music
; conspicuous mastery on the clavecin, and
Voyage sur le Rhin, for pianoforte with or- engaging manners all contributing to his
chestra, op. 1 Quartets Trios for piano- success. In 1731 he was called by August
; ;
forte and strings Sonata for violin and H. as Kapellmeister and director of the
;
pianoforte, op. 35 do. for pianoforte and Court Oi)era at Dresden, where his Ales-
;
violoncello, op. 39 many pianoforte pieces, sandro neir Indie, with Faustina in the
;

and songs. Mendel do., Ergiinz., 152 leading pai't, had a phenomenal success.
; ;
Futis do., .Sui)pU'ment, i. -t52 Wurzbach. But Porpora, and his famous pupil, Regiua
; ;
HASSE, JOHANN ADOLPH (known in Miugotti, were estabUshed there in high

Italy as H Sassone, favor with a part of the royal family.
the Saxon), born at Hasse's relations with Porpora had never
liergedorf, iieai" been friendly, and neither Porpora nor the
Hamburg, March 25, Miugotti were pleased to see the success of
1 G99, died in Venice, Faustina, who had been a pupil of Gaspa-
Dec. IG, 1783. He rini. Hasse tried to throw discredit upon

was taught until his the Miugotti by writiug an air for her, in
nineteenth year, by Demofoonte, calculated to show her voice
bis father, who was and style at a disadvantage. This trick failed,
organist and school- but the noise of it led Hasse to quit Dres-
'
' master in his native den for a while, leaving his wife behind
village. lu 1717 he went to Hamburg, him. He went to Milan, Venice, and Na-
where he made the acquaintance of Ul- ples, and finally to London, where his wife's
rich Kiinig, a jjoet attached to the Polish singing in Handel's company (172G-27) had
court at Dresden, who recommended him not been forgotten. He was induced to ac-
to the notice of Keiser, the manager of the cept the direction of the opera in opposition
Hamburg theatre. He was engaged as to Handel, but although his Artaserse had
tenor for four years, after which he got an an unquestioned success, he did not care to
engagement at the theatre in Brunswick, cope further with his greater rival and ;
where his first opera, Antigonus, the only heartily disliking England, he returned to
one he ever wrote to a German text, was Dresden in 1739. August IH. was then
brought out with fair success in 1723. In on the throne, and Porpora and the Min-
1724 he went to Italy to study composition.
gotti had left the city. Except for a visit
He began under Porpora in Naples, but to Venice in 1740, Hasse and Faustina re-
soon left him for Alessandro Scarlatti, who
mained in Dresden, enjoying the greatest
was his true teacher in compoisition, al- popularity, uj) to 17G3. At the siege of the
though his eminence as a singer was prob- city, in 17G0, most of his accumulated prop-
334
:
; ;
IIASSE
erty was lost, and the greater part of his airs, duets, and choruses. The following are
MSS., preimred for a complete edition of in the Royal Library of Berlin Magnifi- :
his works, to be published at the expense cat, 4 voices and orchestra Eegina coeli, 4 ;
of the King of Poland, was destroyed. voices and instruments, in D Ora pro no- ;
After the war, both the opera and the bis, id., in G do., for contralto solo and ;
King's chamber music were suppressed, instruments, in G Salve regina, for id., iu ;
Hasse and Faustina were pensioned, and A do., for soprano solo and instruments, ;
retired to Vienna. There he met a new in B-flat do., id., iu G Solemn mass for ; ;
rival, in the shape of Gluclr, whose Orfeo the electoral princess of Saxony Mass, 4 ;
had been brought out the year before. But voices and instruments, in D minor do., ;
Hasse, in collaboration with Metastasio, id., in G do., id., in D do., id., iu F do., ; ; ;
still made a good stand with several operas, id., in D do., id., in C do., id., in G mi- ; ;
the more so that Gluck's new manner was nor do., id., in E-flat Litanies for female ; ;
not at first appreciated by the public. voices and instruments Miserere for female ;
Hasse's last opera, Ruggiero, was brought voices do., 4 voices and instruments, iu ;
out in Milan in 1774, simultaneously with D minor do., 4 voices a cappella, iu C mi- ;
the young Mozart's Ascanio in Alba. (Mozart nor Te Deum, 4 voices and orchestra, iu ;
was then only thirteen, and Hasse seventy- D do., id., iu G Dixit Dominus, Confite- ; ;
five; but the older composer predicted bor, and Mihi autem, 4 voices and orches-
"This boy will throw us all into the tra, in. Operas Antigonus, Brunswick, :
shade.") The remaining ten years of Hasse's 1723 Sesostrate, Naples, 172G Altalo, re ; ;
life were passed iu Venice. His fertility as di Bitinia, ib., 1728 Dalisa (his first opera ;
a composer was remarkable he set nearly written for Faustina Bordoni), Venice, 1730
; ;
all of Metastasio's dramas to music, some Artai<erxe, ib., 1730; Arminio, Milan, 1731 ;
of them three or four times over. Works Cleofide, Dresden, 1731 Alessandro nell'
: ;
I. Oratorios La virtvi al pie della Croce Indie, ib., 1731 Cajo Fabrizio, Rome, 1731,
:
;
;
La dejiosizione della Croce La caduta di Dresden, 1732 Demetrio, Venice, 1732

; ;
Gerico Maddalena II cantico de' tre fan- Catone in Utica, Turin, 1732 Euristeo, War-
; ; ;
ciulli ; La conversione di S. Agostino, saw, 1733 Asteria, Dresden, 1734 Senocrita, ; ;
written for the Electoral Princess Marie- ib., 173G Atalanta, ib., 1737 La clemenza ; ;
Antoinette Giuseppe
; riconosciuto I di Tito, ib., 1737 Alfonso, ib., 1738 Ii-ene,
; ; ;
peUt'cjrini al sepolcro di Nostro Signore, in ib., 1738 Demetrio, ib., 1739 Arlascrse, ; ;
score, edited by Hillcr, Leijjsic Sant' Elena ib., 1740 Olimpia in Eruda, London, 1740
; ; ;
al Calvario, two versions Die Busse des Numa Pompilio, Dresden, 1741 Lucio Pa-
; ;
Heiligen Petrus. H. Church Music Te pirio, ib., 1742 TJidone abbandonata, ib.,
: ;
Deum, 4 voices and orchestra, Dresden 1743 L' asilo d' Amore, ib., 1743 Antigono,; ; ;
do., id., ib. Grand Te Deum, id., ib. 4tli ib., 1744 Ijêrmestra, ib., 1744 Arminio,
; ; ; ;
Te Deum, Venice, 1780 Miserere, female ib., 1745 La Spartana, ib., 1747 Semi-
; ; ;
voices and strings, ib., 1727 Solemn mass, ramide, ib., 1747 Demofoonte, ib., 1748 D
; ; ;
4 voices and orchestra Missa dedicat. Tem- natale di Giove, ib., 1749 Attilio Regolo,
; ;
pli, id. Solemn mass, in C Kyrie and ib., 1750 Giro riconosciuto, ib., 1751 Iper-
; ; ; ;
Gloria, in D do., in C Credo in F Li- mestra, ib., 1751 Leucippo, ib., 1751 Soli-
; ; ; ; ;
tanire Laurentinre, iu G, Venice, 1727 Li- mauno, ib., 1752 Adriano iu Siria, ib.,
; ;
tanie per 2 soprani con accompagnamento 1753 L' eroe cinese, ib., 1753 Arminio,
; ; ;
Salve Eegina, soprano solo and strings ib., 1753 Ai-temisia, ib., 1754 II r!i pas- ; ;
do., 2 soprani Grand Requiem for the ob- tore, ib., 1755 Ezio, ib., 1755 Artemisia,
; ; ;
sequies of August in., of Poland ; About ib., 1755 L' Olimpiade, ib., 175G Nitteti, ; ;
1.50 motets, x^salms, and anthems Many ib., 1759 Achille iu Sciro, ib., 1759 Alcide
; ; ;
235
;
HASSLER
al bivio, cantata, Vienna, 1760 ; II trionfo fort while on a journey. Hassler's style
di Clelia, Dresden, 1761 ; Egeria, festa resembled that of both the Gabrielis, his
teatrale, 1762 Nitteti, Vienna, 1762
ib., ; ;
canzonets and madrigals reminding one of
Siroe, ib.,1763 ;Zenobia, ib., 1763 Jioniolo ; the elaboration of Andrea, while his larger
ed Ersilia, Innspruck, 1765 Partenope, Vi- ;
works recall the grander polychoric style of
enna, 1767 Piramo e Tisbe, intermezzo,
;
Giovanni. His fame during his lifetime
ib., 1769 Don Tabranno e Scintilla, id.,
;
was very great, and he is to be regarded
Dresden ; II lluggiero, Milan, 1770. IV. as one of the fathers of German music.
Concert and Chamber Music 5 Italian : Those of his works that have been pre-
cantatas for soj)rano and strings, Leipsic ;
served are 24 cauzonetti a 4 voci, Nurem-
:
12 clavecin sonatas (the first 6, dedicated berg, 1590 Cantiones sacra de fest. prse-
;
to the Dauphin, Paris) 2 quartets for vio-; cip. totius anni, 4, 5, 8 et plurium voc,
lin, flute, oboe, and bassoon 6 concertos ; Augsburg, 1591 Madrigali a 4-8 voci,
;
for 1 or 2 flutes, clavecin and Concentus ecclesiastici, ib., 1596

strings, op. 1, ib., 1596 ;
;
Leipsic 6 sonatas for 2 flutes, or violin, Newe teutsche Gesang, etc., for 4-8 voices,
;
violoncello, and clavecin, op. 2, ib. 6 sym- ib., 1596, 1004-09 Cantiones novje de
; ;
fest., etc., ib., 1597 Missse, 4-8 voc, ib., ;
1599 ;Lustgarten newer deutscher Gesang,

^^^'îdi^^ etc., 4-8 voices, 1001-05-10 Sacri con- ;
centus, 5-12 voc, 1601-12 ; Psalmen und

clu-istliche Gesiinge, 4-stimmig, fugweis,
phonies for 6 and 8 parts, op. 3 4 clavecin ; 1007 (new ed. in score, 1777) ; Kirchen-
sonatas, op. 4 Concerto for liom, London
; ; gesiinge, Psalmen und geistliche Lieder,
Favorite concertos for clavecin, ib. Burney, 4-stimmig, simpliciter, 1608-37 ; Litaney
Hist., iv. 548 Hawkins, v. 323 Eiehl,
; ; dcutsch Herrn Dr. Martini Lutheri, 7 voices
Mus. Charakter-K;>pfe, i. 109 Grove Fo- : ; in double-chorus, 1619 Venusgarten, oder ;
tis; Mendel ; Eiemann. neue lustige liebliche Tiiutze, etc., 1615

HASSLER (Hasler), H.VNS LEO (Leon- Several motets in the collection, Sacra3 sym-
hard), born in Nu- phoniaj diversorum auct., 2 parts, edited by
remberg in 1564
(?), died in Frank-
f o r t-on-the-Main,
June 5, 1612.
Eldest and most
noteworthy son of him, 1601 Motets in Bodenschatz's Flori- ;
Isaac Hassler pu- Icgium Portense, and Scliad's Promptu-

;
l)il of his father, arium musicum. Monatsschr. fiir Mus.-

then for a year of Gesch., 1874, Beilage Ambros, iii. 556 ;
Andrea Gabrieli Riemann.

in Venice, where he was a fellow-student of HASSLER (Hasler), JACOB, born at
the great Giovanni Gabrieli. He was the Nuremberg in 1566, died at Hechingen.
fii'st German composer of note who studied Organist to the Count of Hohenzollern,
in Italy. After leaving Venice, he lived for and one of the great virtuosi of his time ;
a while at the Fuggers' bouse in Augsburg, brother of Hans Leo. He composed many
and later, several years at the court of Ru- masses. Magnificats, psalms, and other
dolph n., in Prague, where he was ennobled. chui'ch music, among which the 51st psalm,
In 1608 he entered the service of Christian for eight voices, is especially valued. An-
n., Elector of Saxony. He died in Frank- other brother, Kaspar, born at Nuremberg
SS6
HASSLEE
about 1570, died there in 1G18, became or- Thames, operetta, Drury Lane, 1844
Pas- 1
and came next to his|cal Bruno, opera, given at Vienna, 1844-

ganist there in 1587,
Music for Macbeth and Sardan-
apalus, Princess's Theatre, 1853
;
Faust and Marguerite, overture

and entr'actes, 1854 King Hen- ;
ry VIII., 1855 ; Pizarro, 185G ;
King Eichard II., 1857 King ;
Lear, The Merchant of Venice,

oldest brother as a master of his instrument and Much Ado about Nothing, 1858 2 Ca-
I
and on the harpsichord. Fetis ; IMeudel thedral Services Anthems Eose, or Love's
;
'
; ;
Schilling ; Walther. Ransom, ojiera, Cov-

HASSLER, JOHANN WILHELM, born ent Garden, 1864;
at Erfurt, March 29, Robin Hood, can-
1747, died in Mos- tata, Bradford Musi-
cow, March 25, 1822. cal Festival,1856;
Pianist, sou of a cajj- Books of jaart-sougs,
maker, he learned and about 150 songs
and long followed (Bid me to live, etc.);
his father's trade. Sacred drama, Hez-
Nephew, and pupil ekiah. Crystal Palace, 1877.
on the pianoforte Grove.
and organ, of Kittel, HAUER, HERMANN, born at Dardes-
who had been a pu- heim, near Halberstadt, August 18, 1812,
pil of Johann Sebas- died at Wernigerode, Aug. 16, 1888.
tian Bach at the age of fourteen became
; Organist, pupil at Quedlinburg of Liebau,
organist in Erfurt, and while leading a then in Berlin of Rungenhagen, Marx,
wandering apprentice's life gave concerts. Dehn, and A. W. Bach, and in 1845 became
He founded winter concerts in Erfurt in organist of the Jacobikirche, Berlin. He
1780, and a music business, but later trav- taught in several schools and founded two
elled to England and Russia, became impe- singing societies, and was made roj-al mu-
rial Kapellmeister in St.Petersburg in 1792, sic director in 1870. Works : Cantata ;
and settled in Moscow as a teacher in 1794. Church music ; Lieder, His brother
etc.
Works Concertos Fantasias Sonatas, and Karl (born 1824) is
: ; ; an organist and teacher
for pianoforte
variations Organ music in Berlin. Mendel.;
;

Songs. Allgem. d. Biogr., xi. 20 ; Fetis ;
HAUFF, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born
Mendel, iv. 487 ; Riemann. at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Sept. 8, 1811,
HASSLINGER-HASSINGEN. See Ea- still living, 1889. He has been director
ger. and teacher of theory at the Frankfort Mu-
HAT MAN NIGHT AUCH GELD. See sic School since its foundation. Works :
Fidelio. Symphonies ;
Quartets ; Motets Piano- ;
HATTON, JOHN
LIPHOT, born in Liv- forte music, etc. He is author of Theorie
erpool in 1809, died at Margate, Sept. 20, der Tonsetzkunst (Frankfort, 18G3-G9).
188G. Almost self-taught settled in Loudon Mendel Fetis, Supplement, i. 453.
; ;
in 1832, engaged at Drury Lane Theatre in HAUFF, GOTTLIEB, born WILHELM

1842 ; same year went toVienna ; visited at Gotha about 1755, died at Nymwegen,
America in 1848 ; director of music at Prin- May 14, 1817. Organist. After serving in
cess's Theatre. Works : The Queen of the I
the army, he became organist of the prin-
237
;;
IIAUFF
cipal cbui'cL at Nymwegen. His cantata, and later was choir-master of an Augustine
De dood vim Jesus Christus, is his iirineipal parish church, giving also singing lessons.
work. He wrote also other cantatas, con- He composed church, pianoforte, violin, and
certos for pianoforte and for wind instru- organ music, and good solfeggi and in-
ments, violin music 6 symphonies (Paris, structive vocal duets. His masses, gradu-
;
1774, 1777) 6 sextets for brass instru- als, and other sacred compositions are still
;
ments (ib., 1776) 3 Clavier trios (Brussels, much esteemed. Wurzbach Mendel Fe-
; ; ;
1777) Chorals for voices (Amsterdam, tis do., Supplement, i. 453 Schilling.
; ; ;
1810), etc.
Gregoir, Mus. uoerlandais, 85 HAUPTMANN, MOKITZ, born in Dres- ;
Van der Straeteii, iv. 414 Fotis. ; den, Oct. 13, 1792,
HAUTF, WILHELII GOTTLIEB, the died in Leipsic, Jan.
younger, born at Nymwegen in 1793, died 4, 1868. Intended
at Groningen, Oct. 31, 1858. Organist, for his father's j)ro-
son and pujsil of the preceding, whom he re- fession,a r c h i t e e-
placed at the organ when twelve years old. was allowed
ture, he
\jr' -?i
He became organist of a church in his
i^fe^' '"^k to study music as
native city, and in 1818 of St. Martin's at an accomplishment,
Groningen. He frequently gave organ and became a pupil
concerts, and was much admired for his on the violin of
talent of imjjrovising. "Works 160 psalms : Scholz, and in har-
G preludes, etc., for organ ; 6 waltzes for mony and comjio-
pianoforte ; 15 school songs, etc. Gregoir, sition of Morlacchi and others. When
Mus. noerlandais, 8G. seventeen he abandoned architecture for
HAUPT, (CARL) AUGUST, bora at Cu- music, and in 1811 he went to Gotha to
nau, Aug. 25, 1810, still living,
Silesia, perfect himself on the violin, and to study
1889. Vu'tuoso on the organ, pupil of A. composition imder Spohr. This was the
W. Bach, Klein, Dehu, and the two Schnei- beginning of a firm friendshijj between the
ders became organist of the French con-
; two men, which lasted imtil Spohr's death.
vent, Berlin, in 1832, of St. Elizabeth's in In 1812 he entered the royal orchestra
1835, of St. Nicholas iu 1839, and of the at Dresden, and then the household of
parish church, in 1849 and taught at the ; Prince Repniu, the Russian governor of
Koyal Institute for church music, of which Dresden, whom he followed in 1815 to Rus-
be became director after A. W. Bach's death sia,spending several years at St. Peters-
in 1870. He was remarkable for his fine burg, Moscow, Poltava, and Odessa. Re-
extempore variations in the style of J. S. turning to Germany in 1822, he entered
Bach. Of his numerous compositions those Spohr's orchestra at Cassel, where his
for the organ are still in JIS. His songs and remarkable talent for teaching counter-
part-songs have been published in various point and composition first manifested it-
collections his Choralbuch (Berlin, 1869)
; self. Among his pupils at this period are
ranks very high among its kind. Mendel to be noted Ferdinand David, Norbert
Fetis Mus. Wochenblatt, xiii. 407.
; Burgmiiller, Curschmann, Kufterath, Kiel,
HAUPTMANN, LORENZ, born at Graf- and many others. In 1842 he was ap-
ensulz. Nether Austria, Jan. 15, 1802, died pointed cantor and Musikdircktor at the
in Vienna, May
25, 1870. Organist, pro- Thomas-Schule, and professor of counter-
age of twelve taught school point and composition at the Conservato-
ficient at the ;
until he was twenty-four years old then rium at Leipsic, where he lived until his
;
went to Vienna, became organist of the death. Hauptmaim's career, like his rejju-
Theresianum and of the Paulanerkirche, tation, was unique. Of all contemporaiy
:
HAUPT^'EIi
musicians his name was the one which was and chorus, op. 40 3 do., op. 41 6 geist- ; ;
mentioned all over Germany (as it still is) liche Gesiinge for chorus, op. 42 3 Kirch- ;
with the most loving veneration. Gifted enstiicke for chorus and orchestra, op. 43 ;
by nature with a musical ear of exceptional 3 geistliche Chorgesiinge, op. 44 Psalm ;
delicacy, and with the purest musical jêr- LXXXIV., for soli and chorus, op. 45 ;
ceptions, he cultivated his talent to the Motet for soli and chorus, op. 51 Do. ;
highest conceivable degree by prolonged from Psalm CXI., op. 52 3 geistliche Chor- ;
and arduous study and jiractice. The fun- gesiinge for mixed chorus, op. 53 12 do. ;
damental principle of all his teaching and for 2 S. and A. (2 books), op. 54 3 do. for ;
writing was that absolute unity of idea and 5. A. T. and B., op. 5(> Psalm, Sei mir;
perfection of form were the two indisjêu- gnildig, Gott, for 4 solo voices, and 2 4-
sable attributes of every work of art. In Ijart choruses, op. 57. IL Secular vocal
Leipsic he represented the extreme classi- music Gretcheu vor dem Bilde der Mater
:
cal iârty in music but he always refrained Dolorosa, for voice and pianoforte (the
;
from attacking either the ideas or the work accompaniment scored for orchestra by
of the younger generation of comj)Osers, Franz von Holsteiu), op. 3 Auf dem See, ;
and, in turn, no one ever made him the ob- text by Goethe, for 4 solo voices and
ject of jsartisan polemical writing. As a chorus, op. 21 Songs, j)art-songs, and
;
master of musical form he was absolute. canons, with jîanoforte, op. 1, 4, 9, 11, 19,
For j)erfection of style and finish of work- 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 37, 46, 50 Part- ;
manship his compositions can hardly be songs without accompaniment, op. 32, 47,
surpassed. Yet he i3 hardly to be ac- 49, 55. in. Chamber music 2 string :
counted a man of great genius, and he has quartets (E-flat, C), op. 7 Duos coucert- ;
alwaj'S been more famous as a teacher and auts for 2 violins, op. 2, 16, 17 Divertisse- ;
theorist than as a com230ser. Joachim, von ment for violin and guitar, o]). 8 Concerto ;
Billow, Sullivan, Coweu, and many other facile in E-flat, for pianoforte with accom-
noted men are among his pupils. His paniment of 2 violins, viola, and violoncello,
great work, " Die Natur der Harmonik und 013. 20 Sonatas for pianoforte and violin,
;
der Metrik," has had probably more influ- in G minor, E-flat, D, op. 5 do. in F, op. 6 ; ;
ence upon the modern study of the philoso- do. in B-flat, G, D minor, ojj. 23 12 pieces ;
l)hy of music than any other book iu exist- for pianoforte, op. 12. IV. Orchestral :
ence. He died loaded with about every hon- Overture to Mathilde, oj). 60. V. Literary-
our that could well fall to the lot of a famous works 1. " Erliluterungen zu Johann Se-
:
and universally revered musician. Works bastian Bach's Kunst der Fuge " (Leipsic,
I. Church music Salve Eegina for 4 voices Peters) 2. " Die Natur der Harmonik und
: ;
and organ or pianoforte, ad libitum, op. 13 der Metrik " (ib., Breitkopf & Hiirtel) 3,
;
;
Offertorium for 4 voices and organ or pi- " Aufgaben fiir einfachen und doppelten Con-
anoforte, op. 15 ;Vocalmesse for soli and trapunkt"(ib., Senfi") 4. "Briefe am Franz;
chorus, op. 18 ]Mass for soli, chorus, and Hauser " (ib., Breit-
;
orchestra, op. 30 6 geistliche Gesilnge for kopf & Hartel)

; 5. ;
soli and 4-part chorus, op. 33 Motet, Nimm " Die Lehre von der
;
von uns, Herr Gott, oyx 34 G geisthche Harmonik" (ib., id.);

;
Gesiinge, for 2 S. and A., op. 35 Motets, 6. Briefe von Moritz

;
Komm', Heil'ger Geist, and another, op. Hauptmann an Spohr und Andere, herausge-
36 Cantata, Herr, Herr wende Dich, for geben von Dr. Ferdinand Hiller (ib., 1876).
; !
soli, chorus, organ, and 4 trombones, op. 38 ;

Grove Hiller, Aus dem Tonleben, iii. 79.
;
Hymn, Am Ciicilientage, for soli, 2 choruses, HAUPTNER, THUISKON, born in Ber-

and pianoforte, op. 39 3 Motets for soli lin in 1825, still living, 1889. Pupil at the
;
839
;
nAUSCHKA
Rsjal Academy of Berlin ; became con- 1848-49 1
France and England, and on
visited
ductor of orchestra of the Vorstiidtisches Jan. 1, New York and trav-
1850, landed in
Theater iu 1850, and of the KOnigsstiidt- elled throughout the United States for three
isches Theater in 1852, in the meantime writ- years. From San Francisco he went to
ing many operettas and farces. In 1854-58 South America in 1853, then to Australia in
he studied at the Paris Conservatoire, then 1854-58, and returned via India, Egypt,
was a teacher in Berlin, Basel, and Potsdam, Malta, and Marseilles to Vienna. After a
where he directed the Singakademie. He tour through the larger cities of the empire,
has published a singing method. Mendel he went to Bukharest, and in 1861 to Con-
Eiemann. stantinople, where he played before Abdul
HAUSCHKA, VINCENZ, born at Mies, Medjid. Subsequently he lived compara-
Bohemia, Jan. 21, 17GG, died in Vienna, tively retired, and only seldom ajjpeared in
Sept. 13, 1840. Violoncellist, son and pu- public, the last time in Cologne, in 1874.
pil of a school teacher he was choir boy iu;
Works Nocturne, op. 1 Introduction and
: ;
the Prague Cathedral then studied theory ; Rondo on Hungarian melodies, op. 2 Mes ;
under ZOger and the violoncello imder adieux a Varsovie, op. 5 ; Introduction et
Christ became violoncellist in the chapel of
; Variations de concert, op. 7 ; Bolero, op.
Count Joseph von Thun, in Prague made a ; 10 ; 12 Lieder ohne worte, op. 11 do., op. ;
concert tour through German}', and settled 16, op. 21, 23-28 ; La milancoUe, etude de
in Vienna, where he obtained, in 1793, a concert, op. 17 ; La sentimentale, do., op.
government office. He was also an excellent 18 ; Tarentelle, op. 19 ; Scherzo, op. 22 ;
player on the baryton, comiôsing much for Das Voglein am Baume, op. 34 ; Fantasias,
that instrument and the violoncello, besides rondos, variations, etc. He wrote also an
vocal music.

"Wurzbach Mendel Schil- ; ; operetta, Der blinde Leiermann, about
ling ; Gerber, ii. 522 ; Fetis. 1860. Aus dem Wanderbuch eines oster-
HAUSER, MORITZ, born in Berlin in reichischen Virtuosen (Leipsic, 1858-59) ;
1826, died in Konigslierg, May 31, 1857. Wurzbach.

Son and pupil of Franz Himser (dramatic HAUSLICHE KRIEG, DER (The Do-
singer, 1794-1870), aud studied at the mestic Struggle), German Singspiel in one
Leipsic Conservatorium under Mendelssohn act, text adapted from the French by Cas-
aud Hauptmann. He was music director telli, music by Franz Schubert, written for
of the cdty theatre iu Konigsberg until his the court theatre, Vienna, in 1823, but un-
early death. Works Der Erbe von Hohe- performed during the composer's lifetime.
:
ueck, opera, given at Konigsberg, 1855 Lie- The original title was Die Verschworenen
;
;
der Instrumental music. Mendel Fetis. (The Conspirators), but the licensers re-
;
HAUSER, MISKA (:Michael), bom at garding it with suspicion, it was changed to

Presburg, Hungary, the present one. The libretto was sug-
in 1822, died in Vi- gested by the " Lysistrata " of Aristoi^hanes.
enna, Dec. 8, 1887. It was represented, under the direction
first
Violin virtuoso, pupil of Herbeck, by the Musikverein, Vienna,

of Joseph Matalay, of March 1, 1861 at Frankfort, Aug. 29,
;
Conradin Kreutzer, 1861, and then in Munich, Salzburg, and

and at the Conserva- other German cities. It was given in Paris,
torium in Vienna, of at the Fantaisies Parisiennes, Feb. 3, 1868,
Mayseder, and Sech- in a French translation by Victor Wilder,
ter. In 1840-48, he under the title La guerre domestique, ou
made a concert tour through Gei-many, les conjures, which was afterward changed
Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Russia iu to La croisade des dames aud in London, ; ;
340
HA
at tlie Crystal Palace, Sydenliaiii, March dignity of Doge of Venice. Other charac-
2, 1872, as The Conspirators. The work ters are Andrea, son of Donate, a man whom
and eleven numbers. Loredan has ruined at play, whom the Ad-
consists of an overture

Published by Spina (Vienna, 1SG2). Life of miral makes his heir aud marries to Eafaela,
Schubert, i. 309 Atheiiteum (1872), i. 313. his ward, and jNIalipieri, a spy of the Coun-
;
HA! "WELCH EIN AUGENBLICK! cil of Ten. The role of Loredan was cre-
See Fidelia. ated by Eoger; the other characters were
HAWES, WILLIAJI, born in London in sustained by Hermann-Leon, Audrau, Eic-
1785, died there, quier, and Miles Lavoye and Grimm. The
Feb. 18, 1816. He opera was given in English at the Straud
was chorister iu Theatre, Loudon, April 3, 1818, and at Co-
the Chapel Eoyal vent Garden, Nov. 1, 1818. AtheuEeum
from 1793 to 1801, (1848), 13 1130. ;
violinist at Coveut HAYDN, (FEANZ) JOSEF, born at

Garden iu 1802, Rohrau, Lower Aus-
Gentleman of the tria, March 31 (April
Chapel Eoyal iu 1), 1732, died iu Vi-
1805, master of enna, May 31, 1809.
choristers and He was the second
vicar-choral at St.
'
child of a wheel-
Paul's iu 1811, master of the children of the wright, Matthias
Chapel Royal iu 1817, and lay vicar of West- Haydn, and Maria
minster Abbey in 1817-20. He was the H. (born K o 1 1 e r),
first promoter of the Harmonic Institution, daughter of Count
then a music publisher, and later director Harrach's cook and
of music at the English Opera Lyceum ;
Marktrichter, or steward. The family
conductor of the Madrigal Society, and or- came from Hainburg, a town four
originally
ganist of the German Lutheran Church iu leagues from Eohrau, near the Danube.
the Savoy. He adapted many operas to the Both Josef's parents were nmsical his ;
English stage, aud composed or comjiiled first teacher was his step-grandfather, Jo-
music for many of them. Works Glees hauu Mathias Frankh, a school-master in
:
and madrigals ;Chants, Sauctuses, and Hainburg, to whose school he was sent

Eesponses to the Commandments. Grove. when six years old. Although his mother
HAYDEE, ou le secret, opcra-comique would have preferred him to be brought up
iu three acts, text by Scribe, music by for the j)riesthood, his musical education
Auber, first represented at the Opera Comi- was, from the first, conducted with a view to
que, Paris, Dec. 28, 1817. Auber's best his making music his profession. Frankh
work in his third style. The libretto, was a severe but excelleut teacher, and
adapted trom a Eussian novel translated by would doubtless have brought his pupil
Prosper Mt'rimee, is interesting, with poeti- farther ou than he did, had not Georg
cal situations, and the music is dramatic aud Reutter, Hofcompositor, aud Kapellmeister
appropriate to the subject. The hero of at St. Stephen's, in Vienna, been struck with
the work is Loredan, a young Venetian ad- the boy's talent and voice, while on a visit
miral who returns home, after driving the to Hainburg, and offered him a place as
Turks from Cyprus, bringing with him chorister at St. Stephen's, two years after
Haydee, a young Greek prisoner, who he began his schooling. Haydn's jârents
turns out to be of royal descent, and whom consented, and he left Hainburg and
he finally marries when elevated to the Frankh, for Vienna, in 1710. His studies
:
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r
/'
t^ S-. y-
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r^
^-
;a
n. r
^:-
i- ,:7^
it:
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(
\\ -
; ^
.)
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.(
^^;:.
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^ ;-/
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lU <J^ Iffll
"^'3j
242
IIAYDN
were religion, Latin, writing, and aritlime- chorister at St. Michael's, and a Viennese
tic, to which were added the viohu, the friend who lent him 150 florins, helped him,
clavier, and singing, prolialily under Gegen- and he got a few pupils. He was thus
bauer and Fiusterbusch but nothing what-
; enabled to hire a little room in the old
Michaelerhaus in the Kohlmarkt. He be-
gan to study composition by himself from
the works of P. Emanuel Bach, and to such
good purpose that Bach afterward said
that he alone fully understood his writings
and knew how to use them. About this
time he wrote his first mass, in F (No. 11,
Novello's ed.), and a musical farce, Der
neue Krumme Teufel, for the Stadttheater,
the latter bringing him in a good sum of
money. It became quite famous in its way,
and was given in several German cities.
Through Metastasio he was introduced to
a Spanish family, the de Martines, and was
engaged to give lessons to Marianne, the
elder daughter. This led to his meeting
Porpora,who engaged him as accompanist,
and gave him the only regular instruction
Silhouelte of Haydn.
in composition he ever had, in return for
ever was done about instruction in har- this and other more menial services. But
mony, counterpoint, or composition. He he mastered by himself all the important
was looked upon by von Reutter (ennobled theoretical musical literature of the day, es-
in 1740) merely as a boy singer, and even pecially Fax's Gradus. In 1755 he wrote
when it was discovered that he had been his first quartet, for Karl Joseph, Edler von
trying to compose on his
own account, the Kajjell- c ~\^ " "
meister gave him no en-
couragement or advice.
In 1745 he was joined at
the Cantorei by his broth-
er Michael, who soon suj:)-
islanted him in the favor

of von Keutter and Maria
Theresa, who had previ-
ously noted his singing
with pleasure about
; for
began to
this time his voice
Birthplace of Haydn,
change, and he was prac-
tically useless as a singer. A practical joke, Fiirnberg, whose acquaintance he had made,
played by him upon a fellow-chorister, and and who, in 1759, recommended him as
found out by von Reutter, brought matters jMusikdirektor and Kammercompositor to
to a head, and he was dismissed the Cantorei Count Ferdinand Maximilian Morzin, at his
with a sound caning. He was now thrown country seat at Lukavec, near Pilsen. Here
upon his own resources, but one Spangler, he wrote his first symphony. His salary
243
HAYDN
was 200 florins, with board and lodging. ing this second visit quite equalled his
On Nov. 26, 17G0, be married Anna Maria former exjierience in England, and he re-
Keller, a woman three years older than him- turned home in August, 1795, with a com-
self, of quarrelsome temper, who did her petence for the rest of his life. In January,
best to make his life wretched. Soon after. 1797, he left his house in Vienna (now Neu-
Count Morzin gave uj) his markt. No. 2) for one he had bought in the
baud, and Haydn
entered the service of Prince Paul Anton Mariahilf suburb (Windmiihle, 73 Kleine
Eszterhazy, as second Kajiellmeister imder Steingasse, now 19 Haydugasse), and went
"Werner, at Eiseustadt. He continued to to Eiseustadt only for the summer and fall.
hold this post, and, after "Werner's death, The great works of the last ten years of his
that of first Kapellmeister, under Prince life were Die SchOpfung, and Die Jahi'es-
Nicolaus Eszterhazy, both at Eiseustadt and
at Eszterhaz, the Prince's new summer place,
near on the Neusiedler-See. Here
Siittor,
he composed most of his operas. Except
for some visits to Vienna, either alone, or
in company with the Prince and the whole
chapel, he continued living at Eszterhaz un-
til his patron's death, in 171)0. He retained
liis title of Kapellmeister, with a yearly pen-
sion of 1,000 florins, under his successor,
Prince Anton but as nearly the whole
;
chapel was disbanded, lie moved to Vienna.

But the news of Prince Nicolaus's death had
brought Salomon to Vienna, in hopes of en-
gaging Haydn for London. As Haydn was
now free, he consented, and the two set out
together, Dec. 15, 1700, going by Munich,
Bonn, and Brussels to Calais, crossing the
chanuel on Jan. 1, 1791, and arriving in
London without delay. Here Haydn found
himself the centre of a brilliant artistic cir-
cle,and every attention was heaped upon

him. In July he went to Oxford to receive
the honorary degree of Mus. Doc. His Haydn's Tomb,
symphonies, written at this period for Salo-
mon's concerts, and known as the " Salomon zeiten. Although his health was feeble dur-
symphonies," are accounted his greatest or- ing the last few years, he coi\tinued com-
chestral works. He left London in the lat- posing almost to the end. He died during
ter part of June, 1792, returning to Vienna the siege of Vienna by the French. On
by way of Bonn, where he met Beethoven June 15, Mozart's Eequiem was sung in his
and passed judgment upon a cantata of his, honour in the Schotteukirche, and he was
and Frankfort, and arriving at the end of liiu'ied in the Hundsthurm churchyard, not
July. In December Beethoven came to Vi- far from his own house but in 1820 his ;
enna to studj^ under him. On Jan. 19, 1794, body was transferred to the upper parish
Haydn set out again for Loudon, on the inchurch at Eiseustadt by order of Prince
vitation of Salomon to write six more sym- Eszterhazy. Haydn has, with justice, been
phonies. His success and popularity dur- called the father of modern orchestral
HAYDN
music ; to Lira the world owes the establish- diebe, Berlin, 1791 Second act of II dls- ;
ment of the two finest phases of the sonata- fmllo, Vienna, about 1794 (?) L' avaro, in- ;
form : symphony and the termezzo, Paris, Opera Italien, Jan. 5, 1802
the orchestral
;
string quartet. However, the generally ac- Philemon und Baucis, marionette opera,
ce25ted story that he and Boccherini set the Eszterhaz, 1773 Der Gotterrath, do. Der ; ;
standard form for the quartet nearly at the Hexenschabbes, do. Genoverfa, do. Dido, ; ;
same time, and without collusion, seems to do., Eszterhaz, Sep. 15, 1778 Incidental ;
be, in the main, true. (See Samml. Mus. music to Der Zerstreute (see II didrallo).
Vortrilg, IV. 105-110.) In the field of oratorio Die Feuersbrunst, Hamlet, Gotz von Ber-
he, Beethoven,and Mendelssohn are the only lichingen, Konig Lear, Das abgebrannte
composers after Handel whoso works have Haus, Alfred. IV. Miscellaneous Vocal
lived to the present day in undiminished Works 12 German Lieder, 1782 12 do.,
: ;
favour with musicians and the public. 1784 12 separate do. (5 in IMS.) 6 origi-
; ;
Works I. Oratorios and Cantatas Canta-

: : nal canzonets, London, 179G G do. The ; ;
ta for thebirthday of Prince Nicolaus Esz- Sjiirit Song (Shakespeare) O tuneful voice ;
;
terhazy, Eiseustadt, 17G3 Deutschland's 3 English songs in MS. 2 duets 3 three-; ; ;
Klage auf den Tod Friedrichs des Grossen part and 10 four-part songs 3 choruses in ; ;
Applausus musicns, for the festival of a pre- ilS. 1 do. from Alfred (Leipsic, Breitkopf ;
late, Vienna, 1708; II ritorno di Tobia, ib., & H;irtel) ; Golt erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
1775 Arianna a Naxos, London, 1791
;
;
for 1 and 4 voices 42 canons in 2 or more
;
The Slorm, ib.. Mar. 2G, 1791 The In- ; parts ; 2 do. ; The Ten Commandments in
vocation of Neptune (composed 1795, not canons the same with other words. Die
;
completed) Die sicben letzten Worte,

; zehn Gesetze der Kunst Accompaniments ;
Eisenstadt, 1797 Die Erwilhlung eines ; for pianoforte, violin, and violincello to
Kapellmeisters, Vienna, 1797-1802 Die ; 247 Scotch songs (London, W. Napier, 3
Schopfuiig, ib., Apr. 29, 1798 Die Jahres- ; vols.) Do. to 17 ditto (some by Thomas &
;
zeilen, ib., Apr. 24, 1801. H. Church Mu- Whyte, Edinburgh) 41 Welsh airs in 3 parts ;
sic : 14: masses 1 Stabat Mater 2 Te

; ; (London, Preston, 3 vols.). V. Instru-
Deum 13 oflertories 4 motets 1 Tantum
; ; ; mental 125 symphonies, of which the fol-
:
ergo 4 Salve Kegina

; 1 Regina cceli 2 ; ; lowing are the most noteworthy. (The
Ave Eegina Eesponsoria de Venerabili 1
; ; greatest confusion exists in the numbering
cantilena pro Adventu (German) 6 sacred ; of Haydn's symphonies ; the numbers given
arias 2 ditto, duets.
; HI. Dramatic Der : here refer respectively to the editions of
neue krumme Teufcl, Singspiel, Vienna, Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Peters, Andre, and
Stadttheater, 1752 Acide e Galatea, pas- ; Eieter-Biedermann, and to the Catalogue of
toral, Eisenstadt, Jan. 11, 17G3 La can- ; the London Philharmonic Society. The
terina, opera buifa, 177G Lo speziale, Vi- ; English, French, and Italian titles are current
enna, 17G9 II diavolo zoppo, ib., 1770; Le
; in England and America, the German titles
pescatrici, dramma giocosa, 1770 ; L' infe- are recognized in Germany. Those num-
deltadelusa, burletta, Eszterhaz, 1773 ; L' in- bered 1-12 in the Lond. Philharmonic Soc.
"
contro improviso, dramma giocosa, 1775 ;
catalogue are the so-called great " Salomon
II mondo della Luna, do., 1777 ; La vera symphonies, written for Salomon's concerts
costauza, Eszterhaz, 1779 ; La
London.) Mit dem Paul'emvirhel, in E-flat, fedelta pre- in
miata, ib., Nov. 1795 ? (B. & H, No. 1 P., No, 1 Phil., No.
18, 1779; L' infedelta fedele, ; ;
1780 (?) Orlando paladino, Eszterhaz, 1782

;
8) in D, London, 1795 (B. k H, No. 2 P., ; ; ;
Armida, ib., 1784 L' (sola disabitata, Vi- No. 2 Phil., No. 7) in E-flat, Vieima, 1793
; ; ;
enna, Hoftheater, 1785 Orfeo ed Euridice (B. &H., No. 3 Phil., No. 10) The Clock,
; ; ;
(composed 1791, not completed) Die Apfel- in D, 1794 (B. k H, No. 4 P., No. 3 Phil., ;
; ;
;;
IIAYDK
No. 11) in D, Loudon, 1791 (B. &H., No. 5, parthien for wind instruments
; arrange- ;
Pbil, No. 2) Surprifi', Mit dem Pauken- ments of pieces for barytou
; 12 collections ;
scLlag, in G, 1791 (B.& H., No. G P., No. ; of minuets and allemandes ; Divertimeuti,
4 Phil., No. 3) in C, 179- ? (B. & H.,
; ; etc., for strings, with and without wind ;
No. 7 P., No. 5 Phil., No. 1) in B-flat,

; ; ; 175 pieces for baryton 51 concertos (19, ;
1792 ? (B. & H., No. 8 Phil., No. 4) in C ; ; including divertimeuti, for pianoforte, 1 for
minor, 1791 (B. & H., No. 9 Phil., No. 5) ; ;
pianoforte and violin, 9 for violin, G for vio-
in D (B. & H., No. 10) Mililanj, in G, ;
loncello, 1 for double-bass, 5 for lyre, 3 for
1794 (B. & H., No. 11 P., No. 7 Phil., ; ;
baryton, 2 for flute, 3 for horn, 1 for 2 horns,
No. 12) in E-flat, 1795 (B. & H., No. 12
; ;
1 for clarino, 179G) ; G duets for violin and
P., No. 6 ; Phil, No. 9) ; in G (B. k H., No. viola ; 1 do. for 2 lutes ; 35 trios for piano-
13 P., No. 8) in D, 1791 (B.
; No. forte, violin and violoncello 3 do., for pi-
; & H., ;
14 Phil., No. 6) in E-flat, 1787 ?, for Paris anoforte, flute and violoncello 20 do. for
; ; ;
(Andre, No. 1 Phil., Letter T) L'oifrs in 2 violins and bass 1 do. for violin, viola
; ; ;
C, 178G? (A., No. 2) Traucr, in E minor, and bass 2 do. for flute, violin and bass ;
; ;
1772? (A., No. 3; Phil., Letter I) in B 3 do. for 3 flutes 1 do. for coruo di caccia, ; ;
(R.-Bied., No. 1); Oxford, in G, 1788? violin and violoncello ; 2 do. for lute, violin
(R.-B., No. 2 P., No. 9 Phil, Letter Q)
; ; and violoncello 77 quartets for 2 violins,
;
in C, 1788 ? (R.-B., No. 3 Phil., Letter R) ;

viola and violoncello (Nos. 1-18 published
in E-flat (R.-B., No. 4) La chasse, in D ; in 3 series, Nos. 21-74, with arrangement
(R.-B., No. 5) in C minor (R.-B., No. G) ; ;
of Sieben letzten Worte, in 9 series, Nos. 20,
in B-flat, 1780 ? (Phil., Letter A) Farewell, ; 75-7G, and 77 separately No. 19 is in ;
AbAchiedi<sii)fonie, in F-sharp minor, 1772 MS.) 53 sonatas and divertiincnti for pi-
;
(Phil., Letter B) in D, 1774 (Phil., Letter ;

anoforte 4 do. for jjianoforte and violin
; ;
H) in G, 1772 (Phil., Letter L) in G,

; ;
1 do. for harp, flute and bass 9 smaller ;
1787?, for Paris (Phil., Letter V) in F, ;

pieces for pianoforte 1 for do., 4 hands; ;
1787 (Phil., Letter "\V) La rrinede France, ;

several pieces for musical clock ; 1 do. for
in G minor, 178G ?, for Paris (Simrock, in

parts) lio.relane, in C, 1777 ? (ib., id.)
; ;
Lia poule, in G minor, 1786?, for Paris (ib.,

id.) ; Bfaria Theresa, in C, 1773? (ib., id.)
Laiidon, in C, 1779 ? ; The Schoolmaster, in

E-flat,1774 (Simrock, in parts) Le matin, in ;
D, 17G-? Le midi, in C, 17G1 Le xoir, in

; ;
G, 17G-? II dish-allo, in C, 177G ? Kinder-

; ;
siimphonie, in C, 178- ? (Andro) Mercury, ;
in E-flat, 1772 ? ; Der x>hilo><oph, in E-flat,

17G4 ; La pcuftîone, in F minor, 1773 ? ;
/'('Her-Symphonie, in A, 1774 ; Concertante,

in B-flat, London, 1792 Lamentations, in harmonica. For list of works spuriously or ;
D 1772 (the entire number of conjecturally attributed to Haydn, see

minor,
symjjhonies, including overtures to ojjeras, Grove, i. 720. C. F. Polil, Joseph Haydn
etc., published in parts, is 94 40 are pub- (Leipsic, Breitkopf k Hiirtel, 1875) C. F. ; ;
lished in score, and 29 are still in MS.) Die Pohl, Mozart und Haydn in London (Vi- ;
siebea letzten "Worte, for strings, Artaria, enna, 18G7) ; Grove.

1785 7 notturnos for lyre 7 marches 6
; HAYDN, (JOHANN) mCHAEL, born at ; ;
scherzandos 1 sextet several quintets 1 Rohrau, Germany, Sept. 14, 1737, died at
; ; ;
echo for 4 violins and 2 'ceHi several Feld- Salzburg, Aug. 10, ISOG. Organist, broth- ;
a^r.
; ; "
HAYES
er of Josef Haydn. He became cborister 1777 ; Mus. Doc, 1777 ; organist of St,
at St. Steijheu's, Vienua, at eight years of John's College, 1790. Prophecy,Works :
age ; and later as- oratorio, 1781Telemachus, a masque Ode

; ;
sist aut organist for St. Cecilia's Day, " Begin the Song
was Kapellmeister (by John Oldham) ; Anthems ; Services,
atGrosswardeiu iu psalms, glees, etc. He edited Harmonia
1757, Couzertmeis- Wiccamica (London, 1780). Grove.
ter and director to HAYES, WILLIAjM, born at Gloucester
Archbisboj) Sigis- in 1707, died at Oxford, July 30, 1777. He
mund, at Salzburg, was chorister of Gloucester Cathedral, or-
and organist at ganist at St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, and, iu
Holy Trinity and 1731-34, of Worcester Cathedral. In 1734
St. Peter "s, Salzburg, in 1777. Having lost he became organist of Magdalen College,
liis in-operty through the destruction of Oxford, where he received the degree of
Salzburg by the French iu 1800, the Em- Mus. Bac. in 1735. He became professor
press asked him to compose a mass for her, of music at the University in 1742, and
iu which she sang the soprano solos, Oct. Doctor of Music iu 1749. He conducted
4, 1801. Prince Eszterhazy twice ofiered at the Gloucester Musical Festival in 1763.
him the vice-Kaiiellmeistership of his chapel, Works : Twelve Arietta or Ballads and Two
but he twice refused, hoping the chapel at Cantatas (1735) Collins's Ode on the Pas- ;
Salzburg would be reorganized. He was sions Vocal and Instrumental Music, con- ;
a member of the Academy at Stockholm. taining I. The Overture and Songs in the :
Joseph Haydn considered Michael's church Masque of Circe, H. A Sonata or Trio and
music better than his own. Works 2 Ballads, Airs, and Cantatas, IH. An Ode, :
Eequiems masses 4 German masses

; 21: ; ; being part of an Exercise performed for a
114 graduals 67 olTertories 8 Responso- ; ; Bachelor's Degree in Music (1742) Cathe- ;
rien 3 Tenebrse, Regiua Cadi, etc.

; 8 lit- ; dral Music ; Catches, glees, canons, etc.
anies 11 vespers ;5 Salve Regina sev- ; ; Grove ; Barrett, English Church Com-
eral German sacred songs 50 short organ ; posers, 130 ; Harmonicon (1833), 141.
pieces, preludes, etc. (Linz) 30 .symphonies, ; HAYM (Hennius), GILLES, Belgian
and Partiten 1 sextet 3 quintets 12
; composer of the 17th century. ; ; church
minuets (Augsburg, Gombart) 1 violin con-
Canon and singer iu the collegiate church ;
certo quintets serenades marches orato- of St. John, Liege

; ; subsequently Kajjell- ; ; ;
rios ; cantatas ; ojjera, Andromeda e Perseo meister to Ferdinand, Elector Prince-bishop

(1770) ; operettas ; i)astoral. Die Hochzeit of Cologne, and finally to the Duke of Pfalz-
auf der Aim ; four-part songs (Vienna, Neuburg. His masses, motets, hymns, etc.,
1799 Salzburg, 1800)
; ; single songs, Karl were published in Cologne and Antwerp
der Held, Erzherzog von Oesterreich, etc. (1620-1651). Fetis do., Supiolement, i. ; ;
6 canons (Salzburg, 1800) Partitur Fun- 454 Riemann Van der Straeten, i. 215. ; ; ;
dament Anti25honarium romanum. Men-

; HAYM, NICOLO FRANCESCO, born in
del ; Gerber ; Schilling ; Fetis. Rome about 1G79, died in London, Aug. 11,
HAYES, PHILIP, born at Oxford, April, 1729. Violoncellist, born of German par-
London, March 10, 1797. Or-
1738, died in ents. He went in 1704 to England, and
ganist,son and pupil of William Hayes attemj)ted to establish Italian op>era in Lou-
Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1763 Gentleman of ; don altered operas, played in the orchestra,
;
the Chapel Royal, 1767 organist of New ; and wrote many librettos. Works Sona- :
College, Oxford, 1770, of Magdalen College, tas for two violins and bass. Grove Men- ;
and Professor of Music in the University, del ; Futis ; Hawkins, Hist, of Music, v. 163.
,;
HAYOUL
HAYOUL, BAUDOUIN, French ecclesi- HEBRIDEN, DIE, (The Hebrides), also
astic and clnircli composer of the second known as Fingal's HOhle (Fingal's Cave), 2d
lialf of the Ifith ceuturj'. Maitre de mu- concert overture, in B minor, for orchestra,
sicjue at the church of first played by the
Saiut-Nicolas-des- by Mendelssohn, op. 26,
Champs, Paris. He London, May 14,
published a collection Philharmonic Society,
of motets (Nuremberg, 1587). Futis. 1832.
Mendelssohn and Klingemann vis-
HAYS, WILLIAjM SHAKSPEAKE, born ited StaiTa in 1829, and in the winter of the
of American parentage in Louisville, Ken- followiiig year the overture was begun in
tucky, July 19, 1837, still living, 1889. Rome. The original score, dedicated to
Composer of popular songs, the first of Franz Hauser, is dated Rome, Dec. IG,
which was written when he was about six- 1830, and entitled Die eiusame lusel (The
teen yeai's old. Since then he has pub- Lonely Isle). The MS. of this is in posses-
lished nearly three hundred, which have sion of Felix Moscheles, London. A sec-
had a phenomenal sale of several millions ond setting, dated Loudon, June 20, 1832,
in the aggregate. Among the best known in possession of the family of Sir W. Stern-
are : Evangeline ; My
Southern Sunny dale Bennett, diflers greatly, chiefly in the
Home Write me a Letter from Home working out of the middle part.
; The
We parted by the River Side Driven from printed score (published by Breitkopf &
;
Home Shamus O'Brien Mollie Darling Hiirtel, Easter, 1834), is entitled Fingals
; ; ;
Tlie Moon is out to-night, Love Old- Hohle. The overture was given in New
;
fashioned Roses are Sweetest etc. York, by the Philharmonic Society, season
;
HE.y;', CHARLES SWINNERTON, born of 1852-53. Grove, i. 724.

in B i r m i n s h a m HECQUET (Huquet), CHARLES JO-
England, Ajiril 10, SEPH GUSTAVE, born at Bordeaux, Aug.
1847, still living, 22, 1803, died in 18GG. Dramatic com-
1889. Pianist and poser, pupil of Paer. He wrote music for
conductor, studied vaudevilles, and composed several operas,
at Leipsic ; Men- of which the best are : Le braconnier, given
delssohn scholar, at the O^Jera Comique, 1847, and Marinette
Mus. Bac, et Gros-Reue, operetta, Bouflfes Parisiens,
ISO.'') ;
Cambridge, 18 71, 185G. He was musical critic on L'Rlus-

Mus. Doc, 1872. tration, the Revue et Gazette musicale,
Conductor of Bii-- and other Paris journals. Fetis Mendel. ;
mingham Philhar- HECUBA, concert aria for alto and or-

monic Union, of chestra, in G minor, text by Dr. L. Gold-
Stafiford and other Philharmonic Societies, ham, music by Rubinstein, op. 92, No. 1,
and of Wolverhamjjton Musical Festivals. dedicated to Frau Caroline Gomperz-Bet-
Works The Captivity, oratorio The Maid tleheim. Published by Bartholf Seuflf (Leip-
: ;
of Astolat, cantata, 1885 3d Psalm, for sic, between 18G8 and 1873), and by No-
;
soli, chorus, and orchestra Voice of Spring, vollo, Ewer & Co. (London).
;
chorus and orchestra Overture in F, or- ; HEDA\1G, JOHANN LUCA, born at

chestra, Birmingham Festival, 1879 do. in Helsdorf, near Kronstadt, Transylvania,
;
'
C, ib., 1879 Sonata for clarinet and piano- Aug. 5, 1802, died at Ki'onstadt, Jan. 8,
;
j
forte, 1880 do. for organ

; do. for violin 1849. The cantor of his native place taught
;
and pianoforte, 1884 Quintet for jjiano- him singing and violin, and his musical
;
forte and wind instruments, 1882 Trios studies wei-e finished under Drechsler and
;
Anthems and other sacred music Organ Blumenthal, in Vienna, where he composed
;
music ; Songs, part-songs, etc. overtures and other music for the theatres.
S48
HEGAPt
In 1840 he became cantor and claurcli mu- ium, text by Mme Emile de Girardin, mu-
sic director in Kronstadt. His best Avorks sic by Franz Liszt, op. 15G, composed in

were cantatas, motets, and songs. Mendel. 1875. Published, score, vocal score, and
HEGAE, FRIEDRICH, born at- Basel, parts, by Kahnt (Vienna, 187G).
Oct. 11, 1811, still living, 1889. Violinist, HEILIGE NACHT, DIE, Couzertstiick
pupil at the Conservatorium, Leipsic for alto solo, chorus, and orchestra, in A-
(1857-GO), for a short time Couzertmeister flat, by Niels W. Gade, op. 40. The text is
of Eilso's orchestra, then at "Warsaw re- from the poem, "Die Christnacht," by Au-
;
turned to Leipsic to complete his studies, gust von Platen. Published by Breitkopf
and after a visit to Baden-Baden and Paris, & Hilrtel (Leiijsic, 18G3). Allgemeine Mu-
became director of music at Gebweiler, sikalisehe Zeituiig (18G3), 33G."
Alsace. Since 18G3 he has lived at Ziirich, HEILIG, HEILIG, HEILIG!, quartet
where he was at tirst Conzertmei.stei-, then and chorus in C major, in Mendelssohn's
conductor of the subscrijatiou concerts, and Elias, No. 35.
from 18G8 of the Tonhalle orchestra. He HEIL SACHS! HANS SACHS! See
is also director of the school of music, Jlfeislersingrr von Niirnberg.
opened in 187G. Of his compositions the HEIL SEI EUCH GEWEIHTEN. See
oratorio Manassa deserves esjjecial notice. Zauhertlijk'.
Mendel. HEILUNG DES BLINDGEBORNEN,
HEILANDS LETZTE STUNDEN, DES DIE (The Blind restored to Sight), oratorio,
(The Saviour's Last Hours), oratorio by by Carl Loewe, for voices a cappella, a spe-
Spohr, text by Eochlitz, Urst performed at cies of oratorio composition peculiar to this
Cassel, Good Friday, 1835. The libretto composer. Published without opus number
had been previously declined by Mendels- in ISGl.
sohn, who was then at work on his St. Paul. HEBIKEHR AUS DER FEEMDE (Re-
The oratoi'io is called Calvary in the Eng- turn from abroad), operetta, iu one act,
lish by Edward Taylor, the tirst
version text by Carl Klingemanu, music hy Men-
performance of which was given, under delssohn, op. 89, written for the silver wed-
Spohr's own direction, at the Norwich Fes- ding of his jjarents on Dec. 2G, 1829. It
tival, 1839. It was given again, in Spohr's was comijosed in London between Sejjt. 10
presence, under the direction of Costa, by and Oct. 4, 1829. The words of the song.
the London Sacred Harmonic Society, Ex- No. 12, Die Blumenglocken, were written
eter Hall, July 5, 1852. Spohr, Autobiog- by Mendelssohn, and the music by Kliuge-
raphy, ii. 217 ; Athenneum (1852), 75G. mann. The parts were Lisbeth, Rebecca
:
;
HEIL DIR IM SIEGERKRANZ, a Ger- Kauz, Devrient Hermann, Mantius

; and ;
man national song, words by Heinrich Har- the Maj-or, Hensel, for whom the jiart was
ries, adapted to the air "God save the King." written on one note, F. Performed at the
It was written originally for the birthday of Opera, Berlin, in 1851. An English ver-
Christian VH., King of Denmark (Harries sion, Son and the Stranger, by
entitled
being a clergyman of Ilolstein), and pub- Chorley, was jiroduced at the Haymarket
lished in the Flensburg Wochenblatt, Jan. Theatre, London, July 7, 1851. A French
27, 1790 but it was modified later (1793)
; translation by Jules Barbier, entitled Lis-
for Prussian use by B. G. Schumacher. W. beth, was represented at the Theatre Lyri-
Tappert, in Musik. Wochenblatt, Aug. 31, que, Paris, June 9, 18G5. Published by
1877. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendelssohn's Werke,
HEILIGE CACILIA, DIE (St. Cecilia), Serie 15, No. 122. Hensel, Mendelssohn, i.
cantata for mezzo-sojjrano, chorus, and or- 247 Clement et Larousse, 404.
; ; Atlien-
chestra, or pianoforte, harp, and harmon- ?oum (1851), 744.
; :
IlEINEMEYEE
HEINEMEYEIl, ERNST WILHELM, HEINLEIN, PAUL, born in Nuremberg,
boi'u at Hauover, Feb. 25, 1827, died iu April 11, 162G, died there, Aug. G, 1G8G.
Vienna, Feb. 12, 1869. Virtuoso on tlie Pianist and organist, studied music in his
flute, son and jjupil of Christiau Heiue- native city, later in Linz, Munich, and
mej'er (179G-1872, also a distinguished Italy. On returning to Nuremberg he be-
flutist, and royal chamber musician), at whose came musician to the council, organist of
side he played in the royal orchestra, 1845 the Egidienkirche in 1G55, musical director
-1:7 ; then went to Petersburg as first of the Fraueuku'che iu 1G5G, and chief or-
St.
flutist iu the imperial orchestra, and was at ganist of St. Sebaldus iu 1658. He com-
the time instructor at the theatre-school posed pianoforte, organ, and church music.
there. Pensioned iu 1859, he returned Mendel ; FOtis ; Schilling ; Gerber (1790),
to Hanover, but in 186G settled in Vienna. i. 616 ; Wiuterfeld, Der evaug. Kirchenge-
His concertos and solos for his instrument are sang, ii. 457.
very brilliant, and much esteemed by flutists. HEESfROTH, JOHANN AUGUST GUN-
Mendel Riemann.; THEE, born at Nordhausen, June 19, 1780,
HEINICHEN, (JOHANN) DAVID, born died at Gottingen, June 2, 1816. Vocal
at Crdssuln, near Weissenfels, April 17, composer, but more noted as a writer on
1G83, died in Dresden, July IG, 1729. Pu- music son and pupil of Christoph Gottlieb
;
l>i\ at the Leipsic Thomasschule of Schelle Heinroth, who for sixty-two years was Gr-
and Kuhnau studied law and practised as
; ganist at Nordhausen. In 1818 he suc-
an advocate iu Weissenfels then returned ;
'
ceeded Forkel as music director at the uni-

to Leipsic and began to compose operas, versity of GOttingen, where he was very
After living several years (1713-18) in Italy, active in promoting the musical life of the
he was appointed court Kapellmeister in i
city by establishing the academical concerts.
Dresden in 1718. He published in 1711 a He composed 169 choral melodies for 4
large work on thorough bass, which at- voices (1829) 6 songs for three parts G
; ;
tracted much attention. Works Helena

: choruses for male voices. Fetis Mendel ;
und Paris, opera, given at Leipsic, 1709 Riemann.

Calpurnia, i pazzi per troppo amore, Venice, HEINZE, GUSTAV ADOLPH, born iu
Teatro S. Augelo, 1713 ; Several masses ;
Leipsic, Oct. 1, 1820, still living, 1889.
Solos for violin ; Fugues for harpsicliord, and Dramatic composer, son and pupil on the
other instrumental music. In the royal clarinet of Ferdinand Heiuze, and studied
library, Berlin, are : Requiem
under W. Haake became a
for 4 voices the iDianoforte ;
and instruments 2 masses for do. Kyrie member of the Gewandhaus orchestra at
; ;
and Gloria, do. Te Deum, do. 2 Pange the age of fifteen. In 1840 he took lessons
; ;
lingua, do. ; 4 Italian cantatas. In the royal in com position of Kotte, in Dresden, made
concert tours, and was
influenced by Mendels-
In 1844 he be- sohn.
second Kapell- came
meister at the Breslau
theatre, and iu 1850
went as Kapellmeister
of the German opera to
library, Dresden, arc the operas Flavio Amsterdam, where he was director of the
: '
Crispo, and Mario, 5 serenades, and 57 Euterpe Society from 1853, of the Vincen-
cantatas.
Allgem. d. Biogr., xi. 367 Fetis tius Concerts in 1857, and of the Excelsior
; ; j
Mendel SchiUiug Riemann.

; church music singing society in 1868.
; |
sso
;
IIEISE
Works : Lorelei, opera, given at Breslau, Cymbalum Genethliacum, containing 15 mo-

18i6 Die Riiiue iu Tliaraudt, ib., 1847
;
;
tets for Christmas and New Year, for i, 5,
Oratorios Auferstehimg, Sankta Ciicilia,
: and 6 voices(Erfurt, 1614) Symbolum Da- ;
Der Feenschleier Three masses Three; ; vidicum, containing 25 German psalms, for
overtures many cantatas, hymns, songs,
;
5, 6,and 8 voices (ib., 1620) Pater noster, ;
and male choruses. Mendel Kiemann. ; in contrapuncto colorato, for 4 voices (ib.,
HEISE, PEDER ARNOLD, born at Co- 1G21) The 103d and 123d psalms, do. 54
; ;
penhagen, Feb. 11, 1830, died there, July melodies by him are included in the Can-
5, 1879. Dramatic comjwser, studied at tionale sacrum (Gotha, 1646-48). Allgem.
the university of his native city pupil on d. Biogr., xi. 684 Fetis Mendel ; Winter-
; ; ;
the iîanoforte of A. Lund, and in theory of feld, Der evang. Kirchengesang, ii. 87.
Berggreeu, HaujJtmann, and Gade. He was LED HE
THE THEM THROUGH
music teacher at the Academy of SOrOe iu DEEP, double chorus in E-llat major (end-
1857-G5, then returned to Copenhagen, ing in G minor), iu Handel's I.'ii-ael in Egypt,
where he produced successfully the operas No. 13 often known as the "Wilderness
: ;
The Pasha's Daughter, 18G9, and King and chorus."

Marshal, 1878. Meyer, Konv. Lex. (1888) HLE, GEORGES DE LA, born iu the
Mendel, Ergilnz., 154 Riemann. ;Hainaut, about 1545, died 1591 (?). He
HEISER, WILHELJI, born in Berlin, was conductor of music in the cathedral at
April 15, 1817, still living, 1889. Vocal Tournay, and maestro de capilla at the
composer, was a choir-boy and later an ojj- court of Philip H., at Madrid. Works 8 :
era singerthen retired from the stage masses for 5, 6, and 7 voices (Antwerp,
;
and taught singing in Stralsuud, Berlin, 1578). Mendel Gerber Schilling Fetis. ; ; ;
and Rostock. In 185.3 he became regimen- HELFER, CH.VRLES D", French church
tal bandmaster in Berlin, and after 1866 composer of the 16th century. He was
devoted himself again to vocal instruction. canon and master of the children in the ca-
He composed several hundred songs, of thedral of Soissons. He composed masses,
which many have become very popular in hymns, etc. (Paris, Robert Ballard, 1653,
Germany, besides dances and marches for 1658, 1660, 1674). Fc-tis.
pianoforte.
Mendel Riemann. ; HELIANTHUS, opera in three acts, text
HELD, JACOB, born at Landshut, Nov. and music by Adalbert von Goldschmidt,
11, 1770, died after 1812. Violinist, but represented in Leipsie, Stadttheater, March
studied also the organ and pianoforte, and 26, 1884. Signale (1884), 401.
at an early age became organist in his native HELLE, ANTOINE, French composer,
place went to Munich to study j^hilosophy,
; contemporary. He was educated at the
and became the xauiîl of Hampeln and Eck School for Sacred Music, Paris became ;
on the violin, and of Danzi in comijosition. maitre de chapelle of the basilica of Saint-
Made concert tours iu Germany, Switzer- Epvre, Nancy, for the consecration of which,
land, and France, and then settled down as in 1875, he composed a cantata-oratorio,
court musician and teacher iu Munich. He entitled Les magnificences du culte catholi-
composed overtures for orchestra, string que. He is director of the Choral Society,
quartets, and concertos and variations for Alsace-Lorraine. Among his published
the violin. Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; ; works are organ and church music, and Le
HELDER (Helderus), BARTHOLO- Trcsor des Maitrise.s, a collection of har-
MAUS, born in Gotha about 1585, died in monized plain chaunts. Fetis, Supplement,
Remstiidt, Oct. 28, 1635. Vocal composer, i. 45G.
was attendant in a school at Friemar, and HELLER, STEPHEN, born at Pestb,
from 1616 pastor iu Remstadt. Works : May 15, 1815, died in Paris, Jan. 14, 1888.
251
; ;
;
HELLER
Pianist, pupil of F. Biiiiier, fippeared in op. 55 ; Serenade, op. 56 ; Scherzo fantas-
public at an eai'ly age, and when thirteen tique, op. 57 Reveries, op. 58 Valse bril- ; ;
years old went to Vien- lante, op. 59 Canzonetta, op. 60 Deux- ; ;
na, to study under An- ieme tarentelle, op. 61 Deux valses, op. ;
ton Halm ; made a con- 62 ; Capriccio, op. 63 ; Presto capriccioso,

cert tour of the cities of op. 64 ; Deuxieme sonate, op. 65 Caprice ;
Germany in 182!), lived brillant sur Le Val d'Andorre, op. 66 La ;
for some years at Augs- vallee d'amour, op. 67 L'alouette, caprice ;
burg, and went iu 1838 sur une melodie de Schubert, op. 68 Chant ;
to Paris, where he soon national de Mendelssohn, fantaisie en forme

entered into Le friendly de sonate, op. 69 ; Caprice briUant sur
intercourse with Aux manes de Chopin, Clio- Prophi'to, op. 70 ;
piu, Liszt, Berlioz, and elegie et marche funebre, op. 71 Le chant ;
other celebrities, and acquired great repu- du matin, Le chant du troubadour, Le

tation as a concert player and teacher. chant du dimanche, op. 72 Le chant du ;
He visited England in 18G2, and played chasseur, L'adieu du soldat, Le chaut du

at the Crystal Palace with Halle. He bei'ceau, op. 73 ; Fantaisie et valse brillante
began composing in Augsburg, where he sur L'eufant prodigue, op. 74 ; Rondo-ca-
attracted the notice of Robert Schumann ;
price sur La Dame de Pique et romance
l)ut in sjiite of his friendship, his works are variee, op. 75 ; Caprice caracteristique sur
more marked by the influence of Mendels- deux themes de Mendelssohn, op. 76 Sal- ;
sohn and Chopin. Works Trois morceaux : tarello surun theme de do., op. 77 Prome- ;
caracti'ristiques, op. 7 Grande t'tude en ; nades d'un solitaire, op. 78 do., nouvelle ;
forme de rondo-scherzo, o}!. 8 Trois mor- ; suite, op. 80 do., troisieme suite, op. 89
;
ceaux brillants, op. 10 Rondo-valse, op. ; Quatre jireludes, op. 79 Nuits blanches, ;
11 Divertissement brillant sur Les Treize,

; 18 morceaux Ij'riques, op. 82 Six Feuillets ;
d'Halcvy, op. 13 Passe-temps, recueil de

; d'album, op. 83 Impromptu, op. 84 Deux; ;
compositions amusantes, op. 14 Six ca- ; Tarentelles, op. 85 Daus les bois, six re- ;
prices sur Le Shi'rif, d'Hak'vy, op. 17 veries et finale, op. 86 Scenes italiennes, ;
Quatre rondos sur La Favorite, op. 22 do. ; fautaisie-tarentelle, op. 87 Troisieme so- ;
sur Le Guitarrero, op. 23 Scherzo, op. 24 ;

;
nate, op. 88 Nouvelles etudes, op. 90
; ;
Deux bagatelles sur Richard Ciwir-de- Deux nocturnes et nocturne-serenade, op.

Lion, op. 25 and 2G Caprice brillant, op. ; 91 ; Trois eglogue.s, op. 92 Deux valses ;
27 Caprice symphonique, op. 28

; La ; brillantes, op. 93 Tableau de genre, op. ;
Chasse, etude earactcristique, op. 29 Dix ; 94 Allegro, op. 95 Grande etude de con-
; ;
pensees fugitives, op. 30 Petite fantaisie ; cert, oji. 96 Douze Landler et valses, op.
;
et boh'ro sur La Juive, op. 31 and 32 ; 97 ; Improvisation sur une melodie de

Fantaisie brillante et caprice sur Charles Schumann, op. 98; Quatre Phantasie-Stiicke,
\T;., op. 37 and 38 ; La Kermesse, danse o]}. 99 Deuxieme canzonetta, op. 100
; ;
ncerlandaisc, op. 39 ; Miscellanees, op. 40 ;

Reverie d'un promeueur solitaire, oj). 101
Caprice sur Le Deserteur, op. 41 Valse Morceau de chasse, op. 102 ; ; Troisieme
elegante, op. 42 ; Valse sentimentale, op. nocturne, op. 103 Polonaise, ; ojs. 104 ;
43 ; Valse villageoise, op. 44 ; Chant na- Trois Romances sans paroles, op. 105 ; Trois
tional de Cliarles VI., op. 48 Pastorale, op. op. 106 Quatre Liindler, op.
; bergeries, ;
48 bis Quatre arabesques, op. 49 Scenes

; Quatrieme scherzo, oj). 108 Feuilles
; 107 ; ;
pastorales, op. 50 Venitienne, op. 52 Ta-

; d'automne, oj). 109 Deux morceaux pour ; ;
reutelle, op. 53 Fantaisie, op. 54

; La fon- un album, op. 110 INIorceaux de ballet,
; ;
taiue, caprice sur uuc melodie de Schubert, op. Ill Caprice humoristique, op. 112; ;
;
HELLMESBERGER
Fantaisie caprice, op. 113
cahiei'S, pupil of Georg, the elder Deux
won great suc-
;
;
op. Ill ; Pivludes cess on a concert tour through Germany

Trois ballades, op. 115 ;
composes pour mademoiselle Lili, op. 119 and England in 1847, and became Conzert- ;
Lieder, op. 120 Trois morceaux, op. 121

; meister of the royal orchestra at Hanover ;
Valses-reveries, op. 122 Feuilles volantes, in 1849. Works Operas: Die Biirg.schaft,
;
op. 123 Scenes d'enfants, op. 124 Vingt- given at Hanover Die beideu KOnigiunen,
; ; ;
quatre Etudes d'expressiou et de rliythme, ib. symphonies, and other music in MS. ;
op. 125 ; Etudes

Trois ouvertures, op. 12G ; Mendel ; Wurzbach ; Mus. Wochenblatt,
sur Le de Weber, op. 127
Freischtitz, i. 708.
Dans les bois, nouvelle serie, op. 128 do., ; HELLMESBERGER, JOSEPH, the el-
troisiome suite, op. 13G Deux inipronij)tus, ; der, born in Vienna,
op. 129 23 Variations sur un theme de
; Nov. 3, 1829, still liv-
Beethoven, op. 130 21 do., op. 133 Trois ; ; ing there, 1889. Vio-
nocturnes, op. 131 Deux Polonaises, op. ; son and pupil of
linist,
132 Petit Album, op. 131

; Deux inter- ; Georg, the elder be- ;
medes de concert, op. 135 Deux taren- ; came artistic director

telles, 023. 137 ; Album dedie a la jeuuesse, of the Gesellschaft der
Musikfreunde and di-
rector of the Conser-
vatorium in 1851, Con-
zertmeister at the Imperial Opei'a in 18G0,
first violinist in the court orchestra in 18G3,
o\). 138 ; pour piano, op. 139 and Hof-Kapellmeister in 1877. He was
3 Etudes ;
Voyage autour de ma chambre, op. 140 4 professor of violin at the Conservatorium ;
Barcarolles, op. 141. Barbedette, Stephen in 1850-77. With the concerts of the
Heller, sa vie, etc. (Paris, ISTG) Fetis do., string quartet founded by him in 1849, ; ;
Supplement, i. 45G Mendel N. Zeitschi-. and which has ever since sustained an
; ;
f. Mus. (1888), 73 Schumann, Ges. Scbrif- eminent reputation, a new era for chamber
;
ten, i. 218, 239, 247 ii. 132 211, 314, music opened in Vienna. As a teacher of
; ;
351 Wurzbach.
; his instrument, and as a conductor, he has
HELLMESBERGER, GEORG, the elder, attained j)articular and well-deserved dis-
born in Vienna, April 24, 1800, died at tinction. Austrian and foreign orders L. :
Neuwaldegg, near Vienna, Aug. IG, 1873. of Honour, 1855, when he was president of
Violinist, pupil at the Conservatorium of the jury for musical instruments at the Paris
Br)hm on the violin, of E. Fiirster in com2)o- Exhibition freedom of the city of Vienna ;
sition assistant instructor at the Conserva- on his 25th anniversary as director of the
;
torium in 1821, titular professor in 1825, Conservatorium. His compositions are only
and professor in 1833 conductor of the Im- of an instructive charactei-. Wurzbach Fe-
; ;
perial opera in 1829 member of the court tis; do.. Supplement, i. 457; Mendel; Mus.
;
chapel in 1830 pensioned in 18G7. He Wochenblatt, i. 708.

;
was the teacher of Ernst, Hauser, Joachim, HELLilESBERGER, JOSEPH, the

Auer, and of his sons Georg and Josejih. younger, born in Vienna, April 9, 1855, still
Works 2 concertos, besides solos and several living, 1889. Violinist and dramatic com-
:
works of variations for violin string quartet. poser, son and pupil of Jose^jh, the elder,
;
Fetis Mendel ; Schilling Wurzbach. ; whose quartet he joined as second violin in

;
HELLMESBERGER, the 1875 GEORG,

became solo violinist in the impe- ;
younger, born at Vienna in 1828, died at rial and in the opera orchestra, and jjro-
Hanover, Nov. 12, 1852. Violinist, sou and fessor at the Conservatorium in 1878.
253
;
HELLWIG
Works Operettas : Kapitiin Ablstrom, Der which Van der Straeten gives a detailed list.
Graf von Gleichen, given iu Vienna, Theater
Van der Straeten, i. 75 Fctis, Supple- ;
Konacher, 1880 Der schone Kurfurst, Mu-

;
ment, i. 459.
nich, Theater am Giirtnerplatz, 1885 Ei- ; HELP, LORD ! See Hllf, Herr !
kiki, Vienna, Carltheater, 1887 Harlekin

; HEMELSOET, LOUIS, born in Ghent,
als Elektriker, iJautomime, Vienna Opera- July 20, 1836, still living, 1889. Pianist, pu-
house, 1884 Fata Morgana, Iji-ic-choreo-
; then studied at the Ghent
pil of his father,
graphic drama, ib., 1885. Consei-vatoire under Mengal, Henderickx,
HELLWIG, (liAKL FRIEDRICH) LLT)- and Andries ; won in 1853 2d prize for har-
WIG, born at Kunersdorf, near Wrietzen, mony and 1st prize for pianoforte ; became
July 23, 1773, died in Berlin, Nov. 24, 1838. professor of pianoforte in Brussels, 1856.
Organist, learned the violin, pianoforte, and Works De boereu-kermis, Flemish opera,
:
organ almost without a teacher, and while Ghent, 1861 Church music Vocal and in-
; ;
iu business studied theory under Giin-lich, strumental music. Futis, Supplement, i.

G. A. Schneider, and Zelter. Became vice- 460 Mendel, Ergiinz., 154 Gregoir, iii. 20.
; ;
director of the Singakademio of Berlin in HEiniERLEIN, JOSEPH, German pi-

1803, organist of the cathedral in 1813, and anist of the 18th century. He was music
music teacher iu several public institutions. teacher in Fraukfort-ou-the-Main in 1780,
Works Die Bergknappen, opera given in
: and to the Countess von Vorberg in 1786 ;
Berlin, 1822 Don Silvio, do.; Masses, mo-

; then lived in Paris until 1799, after which
tets, psalms, canons, chorals, and many nothing more is known of him. He jjub-

songs and male choruses. Fotis Mendel ; lished 6 concertos for pianoforte, with
Schilling, Supjilement, 199. strings, oboes, and horns, 24 sonatas for
HELMONT, ADRLUN JOSEPH VAN, pianoforte and violin, 6 do. for pianoforte
bom in Brussels, April 14, 1747, died there, (4 hands), 6 trios, 12 menuets, 12 anglaises,
Dec. 28, 1830. Violinist and organist, son marches, etc. Fetis ; Mendel.
and successor of Charles Joscjih van Hel- HEMPEL, GEORG CHRISTOPH, born
mont, as du-ector and choir-master of SS. in Gotha in 1715, died there, May 4, 1801.
Michel-et-Gudule, Brussels. He had en- Violinist, member of the ducal chapel of
tered the royal chapel as a boy and re- Gotha. He wrote 11 symphonies, 2 con-
mained in it for forty years. He was at certos, and 12 solos for violin. Fetis Ger- ;
one time chef d'orchestre of the Opera at bcr (1790), i. 021 (1812), ii. 633.
Amsterdam, and comjiosed an ojêra, L'a- HENKEL, HEINRICH, bom at Fulda,
mant lugataire, 1808, but he wrote chiefly Feb. 14, 1822, still living, 1889. Pianist,
for the church.
Fetis do.. Supplement, i.
; son and pupil of Michael Henkel studied ;
459 Van der Straeten, v. 1 and 399 ii.

; ; also under Aloys Schmitt, and theory under
231. Kessler and Anton Andre. After living in
HELMONT, CHARLES JOSEPH VAN, Fulda and he settled in Fi-ankfort-
Leij)sic,
born in Brussels, March 19, 1715, died on-the-Main in 1849 as a teacher, and be-
there, June 8, 1790. Organist, maitre de came one of the founders and directors
musique of SS. Michel-et-Gudule, Brussels, of the Musikschule there. He has jjublished
from the age of twenty-two, and director of songs and choruses, iîanoforte pieces, and
the royal chapel for many years. He was a method for pianoforte. Mendel Fetis ; ;
the author of a famous divertissement, Le Riemann.

retour desire, jjlayed at the triumphal en- HENKEL, GEORG ANDREAS, born at
try of Charles of Lorraine, as governor of Fulda, Feb. 4, 1805, died there, April 5, 1871.
the Netherlands, into Brussels (1749). He Church and instrumental composer, son
composed a great deal of church music of and pupil of Michael Henkel began to ;
IlENKEL
comj)ose at the age of eleven, then studied anist, pupil at the LiOge Conservatoire,
law at the university of Marburg, and in where he won the first pianoforte prize,
1837 obtained an ajapointment as musical 1845. He went to Paris iu 1847, and set-
instructor in the seminary at Fulda. tled in London in 1850 now lives in Heer- ;
Works : Overture to Schiller's Wallen- len. He has published concertos and other
stein's Lager Sonata for pianoforte and pianoforte music. Fetis, Suijplemeut, i.
;
violin Choruses for male voices Piano-
; ; 4G1 ; Gregoir, Doc. hist., iii. 21 ; Viotta.
forte and organ music. Symphonies, over- HENNEN, FEEDEKIK, born at Heer-
tures, masses, motets, songs, and choruses len, Holland, in 1830, still living, 1889.
remain in MS. FtHis Mendel. ; brother of Arnold and Mattheus
Violinist,
HENKEL, MICHAEL, born at Fulda, Hennen, pupil at the Liege Conservatoire,
June 18, 1780, died there, March 4, 1851. of Dupont and Prume ; won first prize for
Church composer, pujîl of Vierling early ; violin, 184G, and medal, 1847. With his
became chamber musician to the Prince brother Arnold he went to Paris, and in
Bishop of his native place, and from 1805 1850 settled in London, where he became
was music teacher of schools. He com- first violinist at Her Majesty's Theatre,
jjosed a large number of church, organ, and Obliged to retire iu 1855 on under Balfe.
jjiauoforte pieces, and published several account of his health, he made a concert
choral books. Works Music to Ifliand's tour through Holland with his two brothers,
:
drama Achmet und Zeuida, and to KOnig's and after his return to London was solo vio-
Bauernhochzeit 3 German masses for 4 linist at the English theatre and the Phil-
;
voices, 2 horns, and organ 2 sonatas for harmonic Society. Since 1872 he has lived
;
pianoforte and violoncello 100 versicles, at his country seat at Strythageu, near
;
and other music for the organ duos for Heerlen. He has composed for his instru-
;
flutes many pianoforte pieces, songs, and ment. Fetis, Supplement, i. 461 Gregoir,
; ;
choral melodies.
Mendel Futis SchilHng. Doc. hist, iii. 22.
; ;
HENNEBERG, JOHANN BAPTIST, HENNEN, MATTHEUS, born at Heerlen,

born at Vienna, Dec. 6, 17G8, died there, in 1828, still living, 1889. Pianist, brother
Nov. 27, 1822. Organist and pianist, was of Arnold Hennen ;
pupil of the Liege Con-
conductor at the Theater an der Wien in servatoire ; won first pianoforte jirize in
1790-1804, and having removed to Hof, on 1852. He settled in 1860 as teacher in Ant-
the Hungarian frontier, became organist to werp), where he is professor in the school of
Prince Eszterhazy, at Eisenstadt, in 1805, music. He has published music for jjiano-
and also conducted the occasional operatic forte, violin, and violoncello, and church and
performances there. Ou
the disbanding of orchestral music. Fetis, Supj^k'ment, i.
the he returned to Vi- 461 Gregoii-, Doc. hist., iii. 21.
prince's orchestra ;
enna, where he afterward became choir- HENNIG, KARL, born in Berlin, April
master at the Stadtkirche am Hof, and in 23, 1819, died there, April, 18, 1873. He
1818 court organist. Works Operettas
was organist of St. Paul's in 1847, and of :
Conrad Langbart von Friedburg Die the Soj)hieukirche from 1351 until his
;
Waldmiinner, Vienna, 1793 Der Scheeren- death also directed the male chorus, Lyra,
; ;
schleifer Die EisenkOuigin, ab. 1800 Die and in 1863 received the title of royal music
; ;
Liebe macht kurzen Process, 1801 Die directoi". His most impiortant compositions
;
Giganteu Symphonies Songs Overtures are Die Sterneunacht, symphony-cantata,

; ; ;
;
Cantatas Church music. ;

Wurzbach Men- 1854 Konigspsalm (1849), and Friedens-; ;
del Gerber
; Schilling Ft'tis.; psalm (1854), for soli, chorus, and orches-
;
HENNEN, ARNOLD, born at Heerlen, tra besides which he wrote songs, and many ;
Netherlands, in 1820, still living, 1889. Pi- quartets for male voices. Mendel Riemann. ;
265
::
HENNING
HENNING, KAEL WILHEOI, born at of the king in London, and ends with the
Berlin, Jan 31, ITS-l, died there, April, interruption of the i^resentation of Anne as
18G7. He became violinist at the royal maid of honour by the funeral march of
tlieatre in 1807 ; chamber musician in the Buckingham. The scene of the second act
court chapel in 1811 ; royal Conzertmeister is Richmond Park the third act deals
;
iu 1822 ; member Royal Academy in 1833 ;

with the trial of the divorce suit in West-
made royal Kaix'llmcister by Friedrich minster Abbe}' and the last with the death ;
Wilhelm "iV. in 1810, and after fifty years' of Catherine and the downfall of Anne Bo-
service, was pensioned in 1818. Works leyn. The part of the king was sung by
Das Eoseumiidchen, comic opera, given in Lasalle Don Gomez de Feria, the S^xanish ;
Berlin, 1825 IMusic to 30 plays, melodra- ambassador, by Dereims

; Catherine, by ;
mas, 2 ballets Cantatas Songs sextet for Jllle Krauss and Anne, by jMlle Richard.
; ; ; ;
strings Quartet for violins, trios, duos, so- The opera was enthusiastically received.
;
natas, and solos for violin and violoncello. Remodelled and cut to three acts by the
Mendel Fi'tis Schilling.
; ; composer and performed in Paris, October,
HENNRTS. See Haijm. 1888. The liallet music was performed in
HENRION, PAUL, born iu Paris, July Boston by the Symphony Orchestra in 1885.
20, 1819, still living, 1889. Vocal com- Published in Paris by Durand, Schoene-
poser, studied pianoforte under Henri werk & Cie Leipsic, Rieter-Biedermann ;
Karr, and harmony with the blind organist, (1881). Athenreum (1883), i. 118.
Moncouteau published over 1,000 ro-
;
HENRY Yin., incidental music to Shake-
mances and chausonnettes, many of which speare's play of, by Arthur S. Sullivan, pub-
have become very popular. His operettas, lished by Metzler & Co. (London, 1879).
Une rencontre dans le Danube (1851), Une HENRY OF NAVARRE, ballad for male
euvie de clarinette (1871), and La chan- voices and orchestra, by George E. Whit-
teuse par amour (1877), had but little suc- ing, first performed by the Apollo Club,
cess. Fi'tis SuppUauent, i. IGl.
; do., Boston, April 29, 1885.
HENRY Yin., King of England, born HENSCHEL, (ISHDOR) GEORG, born in
June 28, 1491, at Greenwich, died at "White- Breslau, Germany,
hall, Jan. 28, 1517-48. Originally intended Feb. 18, 1850, still
for the cluirch,ho was instructed in music, living, 1889. Bari-
and seems to have had some skill iu com- tone singer and
position. He sang and played upon the composer, jjupil in
recorder, flute, and virginals. Works Breslau of Wandelt
Latin motet for three voices, Quam jjul- and and
Schaefifer,
chra Anthem, O Lord, the Maker of all
; from 1807
in Leipsic
things Passetyme with good cumpanj'c
; ;
of Moscheles and
The Kynge's balade Two masses for use ; Wenzel on the pi-
in the Royal Chapel. Grove Mendel Fc- ; ; anoforte, of Rei-
tis ; North, Memoirs of Musick, 75. necke in theory and composition, and of
HENRY Vni., grand opera iu four acts, Gotze in singing. In 1870 he studied com-
text by Leonce Detroyat and Ai-mand Syl- position in Berlin under Kiel, and singing
vestre, music by Saint-SaOns, first repre- under Adolf Scliulze. After singing several
sented at the Ojicra, Paris, March 5, 1883. years in concerts in Germany, Austria, Swit-
The libretto, which deals somewhat freely zerland, Russia, Holland, and Belgium, he
with history, treats principally, like Doni- went iu 1877 to London, remained until
zetti's Anna Bolena, with the story of Anne 1880, and then went to America. In 1881-
Boleyn. The fii'st act opens in the palace 81 he was conductor of the Boston Sym-
850
HENSEL
plionj' Orchestra. He then returuetl to instrument for the pianoforte, which he
Englaml, a,ncl siuce 1885 has been settled iu studied, at first uuder Lasser, and then un-
London, where, iu 188G, he was ajipoiuted der Geheimriithin
professor of singing in the Eojal College von Fladt, who also
of Music, and conductor of the London gave him some in-
Symphony Concerts. Works Friedrich der : struction in har-
SclnJue, opera A Sea Change, or Love's
; mony. In 18 3 1
Castaway, comic ojêretta, test by W. D. King L u d w i g I.
Howells An oratorio Gipsy serenade for
; ; made him an allow-
orchestra Psalm iii., for soli and chorus
; ;
ance to enable him
Psalm cxxs., for soli, chorus, and orchestra, to go to Weimar, and
given iu Berlin in 1872, London iu 1879 study under Hum- ;
Serenade for string instruments, Berlin, mel. He has always

1872, Pesth, 187(], Loudon, 1878 Canon- been recognized as a puiîl of Hummel, al-
;
suite for string orchestra Canons for pi- though he never succeeded in apijropiriat-
;
anoforte 10 Serbisches Liedersiîel and ing to himself Hummel's method of playing,

;
other songs.
Mendel Riemann. having develojied an original method of his
;
HENSEL, FANNY (CACILIA), born at own before going to Weimar. After eight
Hamburg, Nov. 14, 1805, died May 14, months he left his teacher, returning to
1847. Eldest sister of Mendelssohn, who Munich, whence he soon went to Vienna,
was tenderly attached and who said where he studied counterpoint for two
to her,
she played better than he at one time. She years under Sechter, and practised the pi-
married W. Heusel, a painter, iu 1829. anoforte. In 1836 he was ordered to Carls-
Works Gartenlicder Part-songs Songs bad, and theuce to Berlin, for his health.
: ; ;
for voice and jiiauoforte Trio for pianoforte In Berlin, as also in Dresden, Weimar, and
;

and strings. Meudel Fetis Heusel, The Jena, his playing aroused the greatest en-
; ;
Mendelssohn Family. thusiasm iu private circles but the only ;
HENSEL, JOHANN DANIEL, born at times he ever appeared before the general
Goldberg, Silesia, Dec. 31, 1757, died at public in Germany were on a short tour
Hirschberg, Dec. 10, 1839. Dramatic com- through Dresden, Leipsic, and Berlin to
poser, studied at Kijuigsberg University Breslau, in 1837. After marrying in Breslau
and became tutor at Halle, where he was in this year, he went to St. Petersburg iu
a pupil of Tiirk in 1792 he founded an 1838.
; He was soon made chamber pianist
educational iustitutiou at Hirschberg, where to the Emjiress, and also to the Prince vou
music was taught and concerts were occa- Oldenburg, and played much iu society,
sionally given. Works Cyrus und Cas- but almost never in public. He adhered
:
sandra, opera (1787) Daphne, do. (1799) strictly to this plan on the trips he made
;
;
Die Geisterbeschwi'iruug, operetta Die to Germany, for recujieration, almost every;
Geisterinsel, do. Jesus, oratorio

; Can- summer. He was later appointed inspector
;
tatas ; Method for pianoforte (1799-1800). of musical instruction in all the government
Allgem. d. Biogr., xi. 789 Meudel Fe- educational institutions for girls. Up to
; ;
tis ; Schilling. the Crimean war he ajjpeared in public

HENSELT, ADOLF VON, born in from time to time in St. Petersburg and
Schwabach, Bavaria, May 12, 1814, still liv- other Russian cities, but since then he has
ing, 1889. Famous pianist and composer devoted all his time to composition and
for his instrument he was taken to Mu- teaching.
; His natural nervousness aud
nich when three years old, and began to shyness in face of a large audience made
take violin lessons, but soon gave uji that it almost impossible for him to play at con-
as?
;
IIENTSCIIEL
certs he would Lave a piauoforte iu the

; HENTSCHEL, FRANZ, director and
gi'eeii-room, aud while the orchestra on the composer, boru in Berlin, Nov. G, ISl-l,
stage was playing the mtroductory ritor- still living, Pupil of Grell, A. W.
1889.
nello of a concerto he would play with them Bach, and Marx. musical di- He became
up to the point when he had just time to rector of the theatre at Erfurt in 1843, at
run to his place ou the platform and strike Altenburg in 1815 returnetl to Berlin, ;
the first chord of his solo jjart on the in- where he directed the private theatre,
strument that was ready for him, in sight Urania, 1818-51,
has taught music.
iu
of the audience. Ou one such occasion, iu Works Die Hexenreise, opera Operettas
: ; ;
St. Petersburg, he forgot to take the cigar Melodramatic music ^Marches and other ;
out of his mouth, and continued smoking pieces for orchestra, and for military band ;
through the whole of the first movement of Concertos for flute, oboe, clarinet, and
a concerto, oblivious of Emperor and court. horn ; Pianoforte music ; Songs. Mendel.
Indeed, Henselt has been perhajis the only HENTSCHEL, THEODOK, born at
great pianist of the first rank from whom Schirgiswalde, UiJper Lusatia, March 28,
the general musicalpublic has hardly 1830, stm living, 1889. Dramatic com-
ever heard a note. Those who have heard poser, was choir-boy in Dresden, where he
him report his playing to be of the most studied under Reissigerand Ciccarelli, then
poetic, inspired, and at the same time pupil at the Conservatorium at Prague.
wholly musical, character. He was espe- He played the pianoforte in concerts in
cially noted for his playing of Hummel and, Leipsic, was appointed Kapellmeister of
above all, Weber. He excelIe^l in playing the theatre there, aud iu 18G3 went to
widely extended chords and arpeggios Bremen iu the same capacity. Works
and a large hand is almost indispensable Operas Matrose und Sanger, given at
:
to anyone who would play his compositions. Leipsic, 1857 Der Kimigspage, Bremen,
;
Of these the most important is his F minor 1874 Die Braut vou Lusignan, oder die
;
concerto, oj}. IG, which had for a long time schone Melusine, ib., 1875 Lancelot, ib., ;
the reputation of being the most difficult 1878 Overtures, aud symphonic marches
;
pianoforte piece in existence. Although it for orchestra Mass for male voices Piano-
; ;
has since been excelled in this respect by forte music, and sougs. Fetis do.. Supple- ;
some more recent works by other com- ment, i. 4G3 Mendel Riemann. ; ;
posers, it still holds au honourable place HERBAIN, Chevalier D', born in Paris
in the repertory of all great pianists. Next in 1734, died there in 17G9. Dramatic
to the concerto should be rated his two composer, also captain in the army, cheva-
sets of Studies, op. 2 and op. 5, which are lier of St. Louis, aud member of the Acad-
quite unique in their way. His melodious emy of Corsica. He went to Italy at the
accompaniments, for " first pianoforte," age of seventeen, and produced an inter-
to several of Cramer's studies, are also of mezzo, H geloso, Rome and Florence, 1751.
great value. His transcriptions of works While iu Corsica with his regiment he wrote
by Beethoven and Weber have had their several operettas. Works: II trionfo del
ciglio, Lavinia, given at Bastia, 1752, and
1753
in several Italian cities, Cclimene, ;
Paris, Opi'ra, Les deux talents, ib.,

175G ;
Comedie Italienne, 17G3 Nanette et Lucas, ;
day, as have also his pianoforte trio, and a ib., 1764 2 cantatas, and motets.
; F^tis ;
not very large number of fugitive pieces. Mendel.

Von Lenz, Die gi'ossen Piauoforte-Vir- HERBECK, JOHANN FRANZ VON,
tuosen unserer Zeit, 85 Mendel.
; boru iu Vienna, Dec. 25, 1831, died there,
258
;
:
HERGULANUM
Oct. 28, 1877. He studied harmony witli demie Imperiale de Musique, Paris, March 4,
Hotter a few mouths, but was almost en- 1859. This work won the lustitut's prize of
tirely self-educated ;
20,000 francs. It was first written as a
was choir-director to drama with vocal pieces, entitled La fin du
the Piarists iu the monde ; then as an opera for the Theatre
Josephstadt in 1853, Lyrique, under the title of Le dernier
chorus-master to the amour, and finally as above. The action
Vienna Milnnerge- passes iu the reign of Titus, in the evening
saugverein iu 1856 ;
of the destruction of Herculaueum and
jn-ofessor in the Con- Pompeii. The libretto, though somewhat
servatorium and deficient in historic colour, its authors hav-
chorus-master of the ing drawn some of their best material from
Singverein in 1858 director of tlie Gesell- the history of Sodom and Gomorrah and
;
schaft der Musikfreunde iu 1859 chief the prophecies concerning the end of the
;
court Kaj)ellmeister in 18CG ; director of world, contains many interesting and dra-
the imjierial Opera iu 1871, but resigned matic situations. The music
is grand and
iu 1875, and resumed his former office in beautiful, and especially rich in the orches-
the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. Works tration. The role of Helios, sung by Roger,
Songs; Overtures ; Symphony D
minor; was one of the great tenor's finest creations.
in
String quartets Masses, in E and in F The characters of Olympia and Lilia were
;
Te Deum Graduals
; Tanzmomente represented by Mmes Borghi-Mamo and
; ;
Kiinstlerfahrt Symphonische Variationen. Gueymard-Lauters. Lajarte, ii. 225.

;
Wurzbach Fetis, Supplement, i. 463
; HERCULES, musical drama in three
;
Mendel Mus. Wochenblatt, viii. G40, 655. acts, test by Rev. Thomas Broughton,
;
music by Handel, first rej)resented at the

King's Theatre, Haymarket, London, Jan.
5, 171:5. The original score, in Bucking-
ham Palace, is dated at the beginning, July
19, 1744, and at the end, August 17, 1744.
Characters represented : Hercules, bass ;
Dejanira, soprano ; Hyllus, tenor ; lOle, so-

prano Lichas, alto Priest of Jupiter, bass
; ;
;
chorus of Trachinians, chorus of Oechalians.

Scene, Trachin, in Thessaly. Though an-
nounced as a " musical drama," it was pro-
duced and published as an " oratorio."
First published by Walsh published by ;
Arnold, 1785-86 by the Hilndelgesell-

;
schaft (Leipsic, 1859). Hercules was re-

vived at the Lower Rhine Festival, Diissel-
dorf, May 17, 1875, under direction of Joa-
chim, and in London, June 8, 1877, under
that of Henry Leslie. Rockstro, 316.
HEREDIA (Herredia), PEDRO, Spanish
church composer of the first half of the 17th
HEKCULANUM, French opera iu four century, died in Rome iu 1648. He was
acts, text by Mery and Hadot, music by Fe- maestro di cappella of St. Peter's, Rome,
licieu David, first represented at the Aca- from 1630 until his death. His masses and
359
.
IIEEING
other clmrcli music are iu the Santini col- he returned to New York, resuming his
lection. Fetis. former activity ; in 1881 was elected con-
HERING, KARL EDU.\I?D, born at ductor of the
May 13, 1807,
Oschatz, Saxony, died at German Lieder-
Bautzen, Dec. 30, 1879. Son and pupil of kranz, and in
R G. Hering, and at Lei^ssic pupil of Wein- 1887 apiJointed
lig ;1819 be became organist at Bautzen,
in professor of
where he founded and conducted a singing Sacred History
society. Works Oratorios : Der Erloser, at the Theologi-
given at Leipsic in 1834Die heilige Nacbt, ; cal Se m i u a rj'
David, Salomo, Christi Leid und Herrlich- Works : Vineta,
keit. Conradin, der letzte Hohen-
Ojaeras : romantic op era
staufe, Tordenskjold A mass given in ; (1872-73), re -
Prague iu 1835 Other masses Cantatas
; ; written, 1888; ;
;
Hymns Psalms, and ballads. Mendel Lanzelot, heroic opera (1880), 1st act per- ;
Ft'^tis Schilling.
; formed at the Liederkranz Concert, Stein-
HERING, KARL (FRffiDRICH AU- way 1888 Music to Schil-.
Hall, April 22, ;
GUST), born iu Berlin, Sept. 2, 1819, still ler's Braut von Messina (1883-84) The ;
living, 1889. H. Ries and

Violinist, iKijnl of Bridge of Sighs (Hood), cantata for soli,
Rungenhagen in Berlin, of Lipinski in Dres- chorus, and orchestra, Berlin, Singakade-
den, and of Tomaschek in Prague. After mie, 1879 The Spirits of the Thay, do.
; ;
making concert tours, he was for a short Sancta Ciicilia (Der Sanger von Gmiind),
time attached to the royal chapel of Berlin do. (1885) The buried Song, do. (male ;
;
founded the Sonateuverein there in 1818, voices, 1888) Friihlingszug, overture for ;
and a music school Received the orchestra, Berlin, Singakademie, 1879 ;

in 1851.
title of royal music director. Works Sym- Concert Overture in D Dido, Concert aria
: ;
phonies Overtures Masses Chamber and for soprano with orchestra Concerto for
; ; ; ;
pianoforte music Songs. He was author pianoforte and orchestra Sonatas and suites
; ;
also of educational woi-ks.

Mendel Fctis, for various instruments Sextets, quintets,
; ;
Supplement, i. 4G3 Riemann. ; quartets, etc., for male and mixed voices,
HERITIER, JEAN L', church composer with and without accompaniment Terzets, ;
of the French school, first half of the IGth duets, and songs.
century. His motets are found in Motetti HERMANN. See Arminiiis.
della Corona (1519) in Fior di Motetti
; HERSLiNN (CONSTANT HERMANT,
(Rome) and in other French and Italian called), born at Douai, Aug. IG, 1823, still
;
collections of that time. Fi'tis. hving, 1889. Violinist, pupil at the Paris
HER:MAN, REINHOLD LUDWIG, bom Conservatoire of Gucrin and Habeneek ;
at Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Sept. 21, 1819, won the first violin jirize in 1841, and stud-
still living, 1889. Pianist, pujnl at Stern's ied later under Leborne. He has composed
Couservatorium, Berlin, of Ehrlich on the for %'iolin and pianoforte. Fi'tis.
pianoforte, of Stern in vocal culture and HERMANN, FRIEDRICH, born in
conduetorship, and of Kiel in composition. Frankfort-on-the-!Main in 1828, still living,
In 1871 he went to New York, devoted him- 1889. Violinist, pupil of Mohr, and at the
self to vocal instruction, and conducted LeiiJsic Conservatorium of Ferdinand David,
several singing societies there, in Brook- Mendelssohn, and Hauptmann. In 1846
lyn, and New Haven, until 1878, when he he became first viola player of the Gewand-
was called to Berlin as director of Stern's liaus and theatre orchestras of Leipsic, and
Conservatorium and ojsera school. In 1881 teacher of violin in the Conservatorium there, ,
HERMANN"
devoting himself to the latter from 1878. " Seiner lieben Clara " first performed at
[
;
Received the title of royal jjrofessor in 1883. the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Feb. 26, 1857.
Works : Symphony ; Violin music. Men- It was Schumann's first intention to write
del ; Meyer, Couv. Lex., ssi. 421. an opera on this subject. Arranged by the
HERMANN (HERMANN COHEN, composer for pianoforte for four, and for
called), born in Hamburg, Nov.
10, 1821, two hands
published by Breitkopf & Hiir- ;
still living, 1889.

son of a rich tel (Leipsic, 1857).
Pianist,
banker, studied music as an amateur, and HERiVLlNNSCHLACHT, DIE, overture
was a good performer at the age of twelve. for orchestra in C minor, by Georg Vierling,
Reverses of fortune having obliged him to op. 81. Theme, Kleist's drama, "Die Her-
adopt music as a profession, he gave con- mannschlacht." Dedicated to Julius Riefz,
certs in Germany, but finally settled in published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
Paris (1831), where he became Liszt's fa- between 1860 and 1867).
vourite pu2)il, and was taken by him to HERMIONE, German opera in four acts,
Geneva as professor at the Conservatoire, text by Emil Hopffer, music by Max Bruch,
which he founded there. Cohen subse- op. 40 first represented in Berlin, March
;
quently returned to Paris, then travelled 21, 1872. The libretto is an adaptation
through England, Germanj', and Italy, and of Shakespeare's " Winter's Tale." Mus.
brought out an oiêra in Verona. When Wochenblatt (1872), 222.
twenty-five years old he returned to Paris, HERNANDEZ, PABLO, born in Sara-
abjured the Hebrewbecame a Catho- gossa, Spain, Jan. 2.5, 1834, still living, 1889.
faith,
lic priest (1851), and entered the Order of Organist, pupil of Valentin Moton became ;
Barefooted Friars as Father Augustin Ma- organist of the parish church at the age of
rie. He became celebrated for his preaching, fourteen entered the Madrid Conserva- ;
published a collection of canticles, and com- torio in 1856, as pupil of Hilarion Eslava,

posed a mass under his new name. Fetis, and won, iu 1861, 1st prize for organ and
Supplement, i. Idl Mendel, Ergiinz., 155. composition became organist of the royal
; ;
HERMANN, JOHANN DAVID, born in church of Nuestra Dama de Atocha, and pro-
Germany about 17(50, died in Paris in 1816. fessor at the Conservatorio. Ho has pub-
Pianist, settled in Paris in was first 1785 ; lished a method for the organ, church mu-
heard at the Concerts Spirituels, became sic, and composed several zarzuelas, besides
teacher to Marie Antoinette, but on the ar- orchestral music. Fetis, Supplement, i.
rival of Steibelt was obliged to give up that 465 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 156 ;Riemaun.
position. Both musicians competed for HERNANDO, RAFAEL JOS ft MARIA,
public favour and royal patronage at a per- born in Madrid, May 31, 1822, still living,
formance where Steibelt's new and spark- 1889. Dramatic composer, jJupil of Ramon
ling style was greatly in contrast to that Carnicer at the Madrid Conservatorio went ;
of Hermann, who was a follower of Bach. to Paris about 1843 ; became composer and
He remained in Paris through the Revo- director for a Madrid theatre secretary, in ;
lution, and amassed a fortune by buying 1852, and later professor of harmony at the
up the royal properties at public sales. Madrid Conservatorio. Works Zarzuelas :
He published concertos, sonatas, potpour- Las sacerdotisas del sol Palo de ; ciego,
ris, etc., for pianoforte. Fctis
Mendel; Colegiales y soldados. El duende,
; 1849 ;
Weitzmann, Geschichte des Bertoldo y Comparsa El novio pasado por

Clavier.spiels, 82. ;
HERMANN UND DOROTHEA, overture agua Cosas de Juan Una noche en el ; ;
for orchestra to Goethe's " Hermann und serallo El tambor Aurora Escenas de ; ; ;
Dorothea," in B minor, by Schumann, op. Chamberi Por seguir a una mujer El ; ;
13G, composed in 1851, and dedicated nacimiento ; Premios a la virtud ; and a

HERO
Proyecto, memoria jiara la creacion de una he determined to make music his profes-
Acadeniia espanola de musica y de fomento sion, and entered Louis Adam's pianoforte
del arte Mass, performed 18G7
; Stabat ; class at the Conser-
Mater ; Cantatas, Lymns, etc. Fetis, Sup- vatoire. In 1810 he
lilemeiit, i. 4GG ; Meudel, Ergiiuz., 15G;
took the first prize ;
Ilieinanu. studied harmony

HERO AND LEANDER, cantata, by under Catel, in 1811
Charles Harford Lloyd, performed at first began lessons in
the Three Choirs' Festival, Worcester (Eng- composition under
land), Sept. 9, 1884. Published by Novello, Mehul, and in 1812
Ewer & Co. (Loudon, 1885). Atheuseum took the Prix de
(1884), ii. 345. Rome with a can-
HERO UND LEANDER, overture in A _ tata, Mademoiselle
major, for orchestra, by Julius Rietz, op. 11, de la Vallicre. After
coraj)Osed in Diisseldorfbetween 1836 and working hard in Rome for nearly three
1848. Arranged for pianoforte for four years, he went in 1814 to Naples, where he
hands. Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel became pianist to Queen Caroline. During
(Leijisic).
Schumann, Gcsamm. Schr., ii. the last year of his stay at Rome he had
3-24. written an opera butYa, La gioventu di En-
HEROES, WHEN
WITH GLORY BURN- rico Quinto, the libretto of which he com-
ING, contralto aria of Othniel, in F major, piled himself, with Landriani's assistance,
"ATemj)o diGavotta," with accomj)animent from Duval's comedy "La jeunesse de Henri
of 2 oboes, strings complete, and coutinuo, V." This work was given at the Teatro del
in Handel's Joshua, Act II., scene 4. Fondo, Naples, 1815, with flattering suc-
HERO'IDE FL^fiBRE (Helden-Klage), cess. On his return to Paris in 1815, Boiel-
I
symj)honic poem, for orchestra, by Liszt, dieu asked him to finish his uncompleted
op. 4, No. 8. Comjwsed in 1830 as the score of Charles de France. His work on
!
first part of the Symphonie Revolutionnaire, this score brought him into favorable no-
worked over in 1849. First jjcrformed in tice ; his own

opera, Les rosieres, was
Breslau, afterward in Berlin and Frankfort- given at the Feydeau with success in 1817,
on-the-Oder. Published by Breitkoj^f & and followed nine months later by La clo-
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1857). ehette. Although he evinced in this ofiera
HEROLD, FRANCOIS JOSEPH, born unmistakable dramatic force, it was some
at Soltz, Alsace, March 10, 1755, died in time before he could get another libretto.
Paris, Sept. 1, 1802. Pianist, studied mu- Meanwhile, he wrote manj' pianoforte fan-
sic in Hamljurg, where ho afterward be- tasias and other smaller works, which
came a pupil of Car] Philipp Emanuel never had quite the success they deserved.
Bach. He settled in Paris in 1781, as From 1818 to 1825 he produced opera after
teacher published sonatas for harp, and ojiera, not wanting in high musical merit,
;
for pianoforte with violin. Fetis.

but with texts so poor as to prevent them
HEROLD, LOUIS (JOSEPH FERDI- from obtaining any real success. During
NAND), born in Paris, Jan. 28, 1791, died three years (1820-1823) of this time, how-
there, Jan. 19, 1833. Son of Francois Jos- ever, Hc'rold filled the post of accompany-
ejih Herold, jiupil at the pensionnat Hix, ing pianist at the Theatre Italien, and
where he attracted the notice of Fetis, who wrote nothing for the stage. The five
gave solfege lessons there, by his quickness operas written during the two years follow-
of musical perception. So rapid was his ing showed the evil eflfects of the state of
jDrogress that, when his father died in 180G, discouragement into which he had fallen.
;
IIEROLD
The success of Eossiiii's 023eras, the was a man of large general culture, and his
re-
which he had accompanied
heai'sals of at was made doubly efficient by
native genius
tlie Tlu'atre Italien, induced him, as a last a careful and thorough technical education.
resort, to copy tliat master's maimer, but His early orchestral works show that, had
Rossini's style was in no way sympathetic his bent not proclaimed itself determinedly
to his peculiar genius. lu 1826 he rein the direction of the stage, he might have
turned to his own native manner, in Marie, occupied no mean position among modern
his finest work up to that time, as well as symphonists. The most marked features
his greatest success. But his career as a of his dramatic music are great melodic
dramatic composer was again interrupted. invention, warmth of feeling, dramatic fit-
In 1827 he became chef du chant at the ness, and finished elegance of style. His
Opera, the duties of which left him little handling of the orchestra is masterly.
leisure, and for the next two or three years Works I.
Ojieras 1. La gioventii di :
he wrote nothing but ballets (four in all), Enrico Quinto, Naples, Teatro del Fondo,
an overtui'e, and some incidental music for 1815 2. Charles de France, ou amour et
;
the drama of Missolonghi, at the Odeon. gloire (in collaboration with Boieldieu),
These ballets were successful enough, and Paris, Ojx'ra Comique, June 18, 18 IG 3. ;
gave Herold a good deal of useful experi- Les rosieres, ib., Jan. 27, 1817 4 La ;
ence, which was noticeable in the style clochette, ou le diable page, ib., Oct. 18,
of his one-act ojieretta Illusion, Opera 1817 5. Le premier venu, ib., Sept. 28,
;
Comique, 1829. Emmcliue, brought out 1818 G. Les traqueurs, ib., 1819
; 7. ;
the year after, was a failure, but in 1831 L'amour platonique, in rehearsal at the
Zan^pa placed him upon the pinnacle of Opera Comique in 1819, but never per-
success. About this time Herold's health formed 8. L'auteur mort et vivant, ib.,
;
began to fail, but no argument could pre- Dec. 18, 1820 9. Le mulellev, ib.. May
;
vail upon him to seek repose and change of 12, 1823 10. Lasthenie, Opera, Sept. 8,
;
climate, which, if taken in time, might 1823 11. Vendome en Espagne (with
;
have saved his life. The mental agitation Auber), ib., 1823-24; 12. Le roi Rene,
accompanying his superintendence of the Opera Comique, Aug. 24, 1824 13. Le ;
rehearsals of Le pre aux clercs (his last im- lapiu blanc, ib.. May 21, 1825 14. Marie, ;
portant work), hastened the progress of ib., Aug. 12, 182G 15. Illusion, ib., July
;
the disease of the chest from which lie suf- 18, 1829 IG. Emmeliue, ib., Nov. 28,
;
fered, and he died less than a month after 1829 17. L'auberge d'Auray (with Cara-
;
the first performance of the work, which fa), ib., May 11, 1830 18. Zampa, ou la ;
has always been considered his masterpiece fiancee de mai'bre, ib., May 3, 1831 19. ;
in France, although in Germany the palm La marquise de Briuvilliers (with Auber,

is generally given to Zampa. At his death Batton, Berton, Blangini, Boieldieu, Carafa,
he left an unfinished ojjera, Ludovic, which Cherubiui, and Paer), ib., Oct. 31, 1831 ;
was completed by Halevy and brought out 20. La mklecine sans medecin, ib., Oct
successfully iu 1834. Herold was buried 18, 1832 21. Le pre aux clercs, ib., Dec.
;
at Pere Lachaise, not far from Mehul's 15, 1832 22. Ludovic (left unfinished,
;
tomb. In 1827 he married Adele Elise completed hy Halevy), ib.. May IG, 1833.
Rollet, by whom he had three children n. Cantatas, Ballets, etc.
: 1. Mademoi- :
Ferdinand, a lawyer, afterward senator selle de la Valliere, cantata (Prix de Rome,

Adele, and Eugenie, a talented musician, 1812) ; 2. Astolphe et Joconde, ballet.
born 1832, died consumption, 1852. Opera, 1827

of 3. La somnambule, ballet, ;
Herold was eminently one of the greatest ib., 1827 4. Lydie, ballet, ib., 1828 5.
; ;
of French writers of oi:)era-comique he La belle au bois dormant, ballet, ib., 1828

; ;
iDai
IIERR
6. La fille mal garcloe, ballet, ib., Nov. 17, in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Festo
1828. ni. Pianoforte music Sonatas for visitationis. Mariiv, Meine Seel' erhebes den
:
pianoforte, op. 1, 3, 5 ; Caprices for do. Herreu (Bachgesellschaft, No. 10). Pub-
with quartet, op. 8, S) ; liomlo for four lished, with additiou;il accompaniments, by
liamls, op. 17 ; Cajjrices for pianoforte, oj). Robert Franz (Leijjsic, Whistling).
4, 6, 7, 12, 58 ; Rondos and divertissements HERR GOTT ABRAHAM'S, bass aria of
for do., op. 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 27, 31, Elias, iu E-flat major, in Mendelssohn's
34, 37, 40, 41, 44, 47, 53, 55 ; Fantaisies E/ias, No. 14.
for do., op. 2, 15, 21, 28, 33, 43, 49 ; Varia- HERR GOTT, VATER, figured choral,
tions for do., op. 19, 30, 35
Potpourris iu major, for soprano and alto, with fig-
; D
for do., etc. IV. Unpublished works, sent ured continuo, iu Johann Sebastian Bach's
from Rome, and now cantata Festo ascensionis Christi, Wer da
in the library of the
Conservatoire : Symphony
grand or- glaubct und getauft wird. The melody is
for
chestra, iu C Do., in D Hymn on the "Wie schOn leuchtefc der Morgeustern,"
; ;
Transfiguration (Latin text), for 4 voices written by Philipp Nicolai (1598-99).

HERR, HORE UNSER GEBET, duet for
two soprani, with chorus, in A minor, in
Mendelssohn's 7ta.s. No. 2.
boru in :\Iu- HERRERIUS, mCHAEL,
about 157G, died (?). Ecclesiastic, nich,
and church composer. Kapellmeister of the
church of St. Nicholas, Strasbui-g, from 160G.
His church music was published in Augs-
and orchestra Sceiia ed aria con cori (Ital- burg (1G04, 1G08), and republished iu Pa-
;
ian text) 3 string quartets, iu D, C, and dua (1()17). Futis Gerber.

; ;

G minor. Jouvin, Herold, sa vie et ses HERRilANN, GOTTFRIED, boru at
cEuvres (Paris, 18G8) Magasin pittoresque Soudershausen, May 15, 1808, died at Lii-
;
(1873), 15G. beck, June G, 1878. Violinist and pianist,

HERR, DEINE GUTE, soprano aria in pupil of Spohr at Casscl, and of Hauptmann
E, with accompaniment of 2 violins and iu composition was first vioUnist at Han- ;
continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's can- over, and under the influence of Aloys
tata Dt)minica XIV. post Trinit., Wer Dank Schmitt developed into an excellent pianist.
opfert, der preisset mich (Bachgescllschaft, With his brother Karl he founded a string
No. 17). Published, with additional ac- quartet in Frankfort-onthe-Main became ;
companiments by Robert Franz (Leipsic, music dii-ector and organist of St. IMary's, at
Whistling). Liibeck, in 1831, court Kapellmeister of Sou-
HERR, DEIN MITLEID, Duet for so- dershausen iu 1844, and city Kapellmeister
prano and bass, in A, with accompaniment of Liibeck in 1852, directing at times the
of 2 oboes d' amore, organ, and continuo, in theatre there and the Bach-Verein of Ham-
Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Feria III, burg. Works Operas Toussaint Lou- :
Nativ. Christi ( IFa/jiflf/i/ff-Oratorium, Part verture Barbarossa, given at Liibeck about ;
III.), Herrscher des Himmels, erhijre das 1856 Das Johannisfeuer, ib.; Die Walpur- ;
Lallen (Bachgescllschaft, Vol. V, b.). Pub- gisnacht Orchestra and chamber music, ;
lished, with additional accompaniments by and songs. Mendel do., Ergiinz., 156 ;
;
Robert Franz (Breslau, Leuckart). Riemann.

HERR, DER DU STARK, Soprano aria HERTEL, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born
in B-flat, with accompaniment of 2 oboes at Oettingen, Suabia, in 1699, died in Octo-
in unison, strings complete, and continuo, ber, 1754. Virtuoso on the viola di gamba ;
;
HERTEL
destined for the church, and was taught only in Leipsic, and later of Hans von Billow in
singing and the gamba took lessons se- Munich. He was engaged as director of
;
cretly at Merseburg of the court organist, the Ojiera in Warsaw for two years and ;
Kaufmanu, on the pianoforte and violin, was appointed professor of jnanoforte iu

and in composition went to Halle as a the Stern Conservatorium, Berlin, in 1872.
;
theological student iu 1716, where he en- He has comj)osed for the pianoforte Po-
tertained a lively intercourse with the famous lish and German songs, which have been
Kuhuau at Leipsic ; his father finally yield- very popular. Mendel.
ing to his desire to be a musician, he stud- HERV15 (FLORIMOND RONGER,
ied at Darmstadt under Hesse ; first violin- called), born at Hou-
ist of court chajJel at Eisenach iu 1719 ;
dain, near Arras, Juue
Conzertmeister at the court of Mecklen- 30, 1825, still hving iu
burg-Strelitz about 17-42, until 1753, when Paris, 1889. Organist,
the orchestra was disbanded. Of his nu- and dramatic com-
merous compositions for orchestra and poser, originator of the
chamber music only six sonatas for violin French ojierette ; was

were published. Mendel Futis Schilling. ; ; organist at several
HERTEL, JOHANN WHjHELM, born churches in Paris ap- ;
at Eisenach, Oct. 9, 1727, died June 1-4, peared as singer on / ^^-.^ -.^^
'-*''
1789. Violinist and pianist, son and pupil the stage a short time
of Johaim Christian H. court comjjoser at
;
in 1848 ; chef d'orchestre at the Theatre du
Schwerin in 1757 later, Kapellmeister
; connected with vari-
;
Palais-Royal in 1851 ;
private secretary to the Princess Ulrike in ous theatres in Paris, Marseilles, Montpel-

Schwerin up to 1789. Works Oratorios lier, and Cairo in 1854-69, as composer, :
Der sterbcude Heyland Jesus in Bandeu leader of orchestra, or actor was engaged
; ;
(1782) ;Jesus vor Gericht (1782) Jesus in in London in 1870-71, and in 1874, to con-
;
Purpur (1783 ;) Die Gabe des heiligen duct the promenade concerts at Covent
Geistes (1787) Der Ruf zur Busse (1787) Garden. He writes his owu librettos.
; ;
Die Hinunclfahrt Christi (1789) Die Ge- WorksOperettas Vadc au cabaret

; uu : ;
burt Jesu Christi (1789) Symphonies So- Drame en 1779

; Le comjjositeur toque ;
; ;
natas for pianoforte. Mendel

Fetis La line fleur de I'Andalousie La perle de
; ;
;
Schilling. I'Alsace ; La belle Esj)agnole ; Fifi et Niui

HERTEL, PETER LUDWIG, bom iu all at Folies Concertantes, 1855-56 ; Toinette
Berlin, April 21, 1817, still living, 1889. et son carabiuier Femme a vendre Le ; ;
Son of the Karl Hertel (1784-1868), pommier ensorcele La dent de sagesse

violinist ;
;
pupil of Greulicli on the pianoforte, of Rietz L'alchimiste, ib., 1856-58 Le hussar perse- ;
on the violin, of J. Schneider aud Mars in cute. La fanfare de Saint-Cloud, Delasse-

composition. Became court composer in ments-comiques, 1862 Les toreadors de ;
1858, aud director of court ballet in 1860. Grenade, Theatre du Palais-Royal, 1863 Le ;
He wrote symphonies, overtures, etc., but joueur de flflte, Varietes, 1864 Une fan- ;
devoted himself specially to ballet music. tasia, ib., 1865 La revue pour rien, ou Ro- ;
His best works are Die lustigeu Musketiere laud a Ronge-Veau, Bouffes Parisiens, 1865
:
;
(1852) ;Flick und Flock (1858) Ellinor Les chevaliers de la table ronde, ib., 1866
; ;
(1869) Sardanapal (1865)

; etc. Mendel, L'QSil creve, Folies Dramatiques, 1867
;
;
Ergiinz., 218 Fetis, Supplement, i. 468.

; Chiliieric, ib., 1868 Le roi d'Amatibou, ;
HERTZ, MICHAEL, born in Warsaw, Palais-Royal, 1868 Chilmeric, Eldorado, ;
Sept. 28, 1844, still living, 1889. Pianist, 1868 Le petit Faust, Folies Dramatiques, ;
pupil of Plaidy, Reinecke, and Moscheles 1869 Les Turcs, ib., 1869 Le tr^ne d'- ; ;
265
:;;
UERZ
cosse, Varietc'S,1871 Le nouvel Aladiu, 11, 14, 27, 33, 37, 44, Gl, G9, 73, 103 Fan-
; ;
Theatre Dejazet, 1871 (given first iu Eng- taisie chevaleresque, with orchestra, op.
lisb, Loudon) La veuve du Malabar, Varit- 202 Grand trio for pianoforte, violin, and
; ;
t(Js, 1873 Le liussar persecute (amplified violoncello, op. 54 Duos for 2 pianofortes,
; ;
into 2 acts), Palais Royal, 1873 Alice de op. 72 and 104 do. for pianoforte and vio-
; ;
Nevers, Folies Draniatiques, 1875 La belle lin, on operatic themes (with Lafont), op.
;
poule, 1875 Estelle et Nemorin, OpC- 73, 75, 9G, 110 Grande sonate de bravoure,
ib., ; ;
ra Bouffe, 187G Pauurge, La nuit aux op. 200

; Etudes, op. 119, 151-3, 179 Les ; ;
contrastes, trois grandes etudes, op. 214 ;
24 Letj'ons progressives, op. 20G Los dilfi- ;
cultes du piano resumees en dix etudes

sjK'ciales, op. 21G Recreations illustrees, 12 ;
petites fantaisies c'aracteristiques, op. 215 ;
Caprices, nocturnes, divertissements, mor-

ceaus de salon, marches, valses, contre-
souiSets, Le retour des croises, 1881: Fri- dauses varices, galops, mazurkas, etc.
; Me- ;
voli, London, La mai'quise des rues, 188G. thode complete de piano, op. 100. Fetis;do.,
Fetis, Supplement, i. 4G8 Riemann. Suj^jslemeut, i. 470
;
Herz, Mes voyages en ;
HEKZ, HENRI, born in Vienna, Jan. 6, Amerique (Paris, 18GG); Mendel Schumann,
;
180G, died in Paris, Ges. Schriften, i. 150, 188, 218, 233, 285 ;
Jan. r,. 1888. Pian- Weitzmann, Gesch. d. Claviersp., 132, 135.

ist, first instructed HERZ, JACQUES (SBION), born in
by liis father, and Frankfort-ou-the-Main, Dec. 31, 1794, died
at Coblentz by Hiin- at Nice, Jan. 27, 1880. Pianist, brother of
ten, then (1816) at Henri Herz went at an early age to Paris, ;
the Conservatoire, where he was pupil at the Conservatoire

Paris, p u p i 1 of under Pradher. He was considered one of
Pradher, a n d in the best teachers in Paris. He gave lessons
composition of for a time iu London, but returned in 1857
Dourleu ; took first to Paris, to become assistant professor to
jsrize for pianoforte his brother at the Consei-vatoire. He jJub-
the first year ; iloscheles, in his visit to lished a great deal of pianoforte music, be-
Paris in 1821, improved his style made a ; sides sonatas for violin, and a sonata for
tour Germany with Lafont in 1831
in horn. Fetis ; Mendel ; Weitzmann, Ge-
visited London in 183-t, where he played schichte des Clavierspiels, 132.
duets with Moscheles and J. V>. Cramer at HERZBERG, ANTON, born at Tarnow,
his own concert professor at the Conserva-
;
Galicia, June 4, 1825, still living, 1889.
toire in 1842; lost heavily as partner of Pianist, ijupil iu Vienna of Bocklet and
Klejifer's pianoforte manufactory, and to Preyer. He gave concerts iu Hungary,
obtain money for establishing a factory of Poland, and Russia, and lived in Moscow
his own, he travelled in Mexico, West In- in 1866, as teacher of the j)ianoforte. He
dies, and the United States in 1845-51 subsequently visited Turkey, Greece, Italy,
then made pianofortes, and received first France, England, and Holland. About 130
prize at Exposition of 1855 resigned of his pieces were published iu dilTerent
;
at the Conservatoire in 1874. Woi"ks cities. He received the Order of Christ

8 Concertos for pianoforte, with orchestra, from the King of Portugal, and an Order
op. 34, 74, 87, 131, 180, 192, 207, 218 14 from the Shah of Persia. Mendel ;do., ;
Rondos, with or without orchestra, op. 2, Ergiiuz., 158 ; Fetis.

IIERZBERG
HEEZBEEG, WILHELM, born at Kiis- changing to A tempo ordinario in B-flat
triu, Oct. 18, 181!), U, 18^7. major, in Handel's Theodora, Act H., scene 6.
died there, Nov.
Pianist, pupil of A. W. Bach, and Eun- HESDIN, PIEEEE, French composer of
genhagen, in Berlin, at the Akademie der the 16th century. He was recorder of the
Kiiuste, where he took several silver medals. brotherhood of Saint-Julien, in whose ar-
His name had become favourably known chives he is called a prebendary cantor.
by his various compositions, when his early In the accounts of the exchequer under
death, by being thrown from a horse, cut Henri 11. (1547-1559), he is mentioned also
short a life of great promise. He left in as a singer of the roj'al chapel. His mas-
MS. the opera Die Bergknajspen, the orato- ses and motets are found in the principal
rio Tobias, symphonies, concertos for violin, collections of the time, and his chansons
trios, pianoforte music, and songs. Men- franâises in Attaignant's and other French
del ; Fi'tis. collections. Petis ; Mendel.
HEEZUEBSTEE JESU, choral iu B HE SENT A THICK DAEKNESS, chorus
minor, for Cori I and U, with accompani- in Handel's Israel in Egypt, No. 8, begin-
ment of flutes, oboes, and strings complete, ning in F minor, and ending in E major ;
in Johann Sebastian Bach's 2'assion nach commonly known as the " Darkness cho-
Matthiius, No. 3. The melody is by Johann rus."
Criiger (1G40). HE SHALL FEED HIS FLOCK, aria tor
HEEZOG, JOHANN GEOEG, born at soprano, iu B-flat major, wdth accompani-
SchmOlz, Bavaria, Sept. G, 1822, still living, ment of strings complete con sordini, iu
1889. Virtuoso on the organ, pupil of Bo- Handel's The Me^îah, No. 18. This aria
denschatz, and at the seminary in Altdorf, of stands in B-flat, and is for soi:>rano all
Herrling. Organist at the Protestant church through in Handel's first MS. score (Facsim-
iu Munich in 18-42 ; London, 1868), as it does also in Mo-
cantor in IS-IO ;
profes- ile,
sor at the Conservatorium in 1850 profes- zart's and Eobcrt Franz's scores.
;
But it
sor at the University of Erlangen in 1855. has long been the custom iu England and
Works : Handbuch fiir Organisten ; Priilu- this country to have the first half of the
dien buch ; fugues, and other organ music. aria sung in F by a contralto, and to have
Mendel ; Fc'tis ; do., Snpph'ment, i. 470. the second half (from the words. Come
HEEZOGENBEEG, HEINEICH YON, unto Him) sung in B-flat by a soprano.
born at Gratz, Styria, June 10, 1843, still HESIONE, tragic opera in five acts, with
living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Dessoff at a prologue, text by Danchet, music by Cam-
the Conservatorium, Vienna lived at Gratz pra, represented at the Acadomie Eoyale de
;
until 1872, then went to Leipsic, where in Musique, Paris, Dec. 21, 1700. The poem,
conjunction with Philipp Spitta, Franz von which is interesting and well calculated for
Holstein, and Alfred Volkland, he founded a brilliant spectacle, is full of allusions to
the Bach-Verein in 1874. In 1885 he was the times and the praises of Louis XIV.
called to Berlin to succeed Kiel as director The music of the choruses is very beautiful.
of the composition class at the academy, The principal characters represented are
with the title of professor. Works Co- Laomedon, Hesione, Venus, Anchise, Tcla-
:
lumbus, cantata Other choral works Sym- mon, and Cleon. Mle Le Maure made a
; ;
phony in C minor Quintet, with wind in- great success in the role of Hcsione when
;
struments String quartets Trios Sonata the opera was reproduced thirty years later,
; ; ;
for pianoforte Allotria, for do. (4 hands)

; and after her Mile Clairon. It was given
;
Deutsches Liederspiel, etc. Eiemann.

until 1743.
HE SAW THE LOVELY YOUTH, cho- HE SPAKE THE WOED, double chorus
rus, beginning Largo in B-flat minor, and in B-flat major in Handel's Israd iu Egypt,
HESPEL
No. G ; commonly known as the " Flies' overtures ; a string quintet ; 2 quartets ;
chorus." concerto, sonata, and other music for

HESPEL, PIERRE JOSEPH, born at pianoforte ;
preludes, fugues, fantasias,
Touruay, beginning of the 19th ceuturj', etudes, etc., for organ. Mendel ; Fetis ;
still living, 1889. Church composer, taught Riemann.

music in his native town, where he was also HESSE, ERNST CHRISTIAN, born at
director of music in the cathedral, and be- Grossen-Gottern, Thuringia, April 14, 1G7G,
came director of the Sociutu chorale des died at Darmstadt, May IG, 17G2. Virtu-
Odconistes, which he helj)ed to establish. oso on the viola di gamba, pupil in Paris
His choruses without accompaniment have of Marin Marais and Forqueray returned ;
been very popular in Belgium. Works : to Darmstadt in 1702. Travelled from

Mass a cappella 4 masses with orchestra ; ;
1705 to 1707, was appointed Kapellmeister
Stabat Mater, do.; 3 litanies, do.; 27 can- in Vienna in 1713, and returned to Darm-
tatas 55 sacred pieces with orchestra or
; stadt in 1719, visiting Dresden, where he
organ ; 20 pieces for violoncello ;
Quartets appeared with rare success as a comjjoser
for strings About 100 romances and vocal and virtuoso at the court concerts. He
;
melodies Over GO morceaux de genre for composed sonatas and suites for his in-
;
pianoforte, etc.; Methode de piano; Ecole strument, besides music for other instru-
de I'intonation Solfege concertant a quatre ments, and church music but most of this
; ;
voix Ecole du phrasi^' musical.

; Fc-tis, Sup- last remains in MS.
Mendel Fetis Schil- ; ;
plement, Meudel, Ergiinz., 157.

i. -170 ; ling.
HESS, CILIKLES LEON, born at Lo- HE THAT SHALL ENDURE. See Wer
rient, Jan. 28, 18U, still living, 1889. Pi- bis an das Ende.
anist, first instructed by his father, an Alsa- HETSCH, (KARL FRIEDRICH) LUD-
tian professor of the pianoforte, then at the WLG, born at Stuttgart, April 26, 1806,
Conservatoire, Paris, pupil of Baziu and died at Mannheim, June 18 (26?), 1872.
Chauvet. Works : La cui-e merveilleuse, Pianist and violinist, iûpil of Abeille from
comic opera, Tht'atre Francais, Rouen, 1875 ;
the age of six ; subsequently of Weiss. He
Psalm LXXVIL, for soli, chorus, and orches- was destined for the church, but in 1828
tra. Theatre du Chiitelet, 1876 Suite for abandoned his theological studies for music.
;
orchestra 20 psalms ; Collection of 10 He taught in Stuttgart and was greatly

;
melodies.
Ft'tis, Supplement, i. ill. assisted by Liudpainter, through whose in-
HESSE, ADOLPH (FRIEDRICH), born fluence his opera, Ryno, was joroduced in
at Breslau, Aug. 30, 1809, died there, Aug. 1833. The King of Wiirtemberg having
5, 18G3. Virtuoso on the organ and pianist, granted him a pension, he travelled, and
son of an organ builder, pupil of Berner and on his return, in 1835, assumed the position
E. Kijhler, afterward at Weimar of Hum- of director of music at Heidelberg. He
mel and while visiting Darmstadt and Cas- went to Mannheim in 1846 as second Ka-
;
sel, much influenced by Rinck and Spolu-. pellmeister of the court theatre. Besides
He became assistant organist at St. Eliza- his opera he composed oratorios, sympho-
beth's, Breslau, in 1827, and organist at nies, concertos for jiianoforte and for violin,
St. Bernard's in 1831 visited Paris in 1844, the 130th i^salm, divertissements for wind
;
Italy in 1846, and England in 1852. In instruments, pianoforte music, Lieder, and
Paris he inaugurated the new organ at other vocal music. Mendel Riemann Fe- ; ;
Saint-Eustache, and there, as well as after- tis Schilling, Supplement, 205 Allgem. d. ; ;
wards at the Crj'stal Palace, gave very suc- Biogr., xii. 319.
cessful performances. Works Tobias, ora- HEUBERGER, RICHARD (FRANZ JO-
:
torio cantatas motets

; C .symphonies 4 SEPH), born at Gratz, Styria, June 18, 1850,
; ; ;
2G8
;
HEUDIEE
still living, 1889. Dramatic composer, stud- HE WATCHING OVER ISRAEL. See
ied music under the best masters in his na- Siche, der Hiiter Israel's.
tive city, but became a civil engineer, and HEYMANN, KARL, born at Amsterdam,
did not devote himself to music definitely Oct. 4, 1851, still
until 1876. He was made Chormeister of living, 1889. Pi-

the academic Gesangverein in Vienna, and in anist, pupil of Hil-
1878 also conducted the Singakademie there. ler, Gernsheim,
Works Abenteuer einer Neujahrsnacht,
: and Breunung at
opera, given at Leipsic, 18SG Symphonj' ; the Conservatorium
Nachtmusik, for orchestra, op. 7 Varia- ; of Cologne, and of
tions on a theme of Schubert, for tlo. over- ; Kiel in Berlin;
ture to Byron's Cain rhapsody, for mixed ; early attracted the
chorus and orchestra Geht es dir wohl, ; attention of the nm-
cantata for soli, male chorus, and orchestra world as a jji- ;
sical
songs and choruses. Kiemann. anist, and having
HEUDIER, ANTOINE FRANCOIS, born been obliged by
in Paris in 1782, died ('?). Violinist, pupil nervous prostration to retire from public
of Gaviuies at the Conservatoire. Chef life for several years, reappeared again in
d'orchestre of the Theatre des Jeunes Ar- concerts with Wilhelmj in 1872, and became
'
tistes, Paris, and from 1807 of the Versailles musical director at Bingen. In 1879-80
theatre. Works : L'heureus jour, ou les he was instructor at Hoch's Conservatorium,
cinq mariages, comic opera, Versailles, but finding teaching uncongenial, devoted
1810 Three ballets several melodramas himself
; ;
;
entirely to a virtuoso's career.
Concerto for violin Quartets for strings. Works
;
: Concerto for pianoforte ; Elfen-
Fetis ; do., Suijpk'ment, i. 471. spiel ; Mummenschanz, Phantasiestiicke,
HEUREUX QUI NE RESPIRE. See etc., for do. Riemann.
Domino Noir. HLiWATHA, concert overture in B-flat
HEURTEUR, GUILLAIBIE LE, French minor, by J. C. D. Parker, first given in the
composer of the middle of the IGth cen- Music Hall, Boston, Feb. 14, 1878.
tury. He was Canon of the church of HIGNARD, (JEAN LOUIS) ARISTTDE,
Saint-Martin, Tours. Some of his composi- born at Nantes, May 22, 1822, still living,
tions are found of the Na-
iu the MSS. 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil at the
volume entitled
tional Library, Paris, in a : Conservatoire, Paris, of Halevy won 2d ;
Cantiques de Nostre-Dame. His works prize for composition, 1850. Prix de Tre-
were published by Attaignant (Paris, 1515, mont from the Acadcmie des Beaux-Arts, in
1518). Fetis. 1871. Works : Le visionnaire, given at
HEUTE WIRST DU MT MIR,
duet for Nantes, 1851 Le Colin-maillard, Paris, The- ;
alto and bass, with accompaniment of 2 viole atre Lyrique, 1853 Les compagnons de la ;
da gamba and coutinuo, in Johann Sebastian Marjolaine, ib., 1855 M. de Chimpanze, ib., ;
Bach's Actus tragicus (Oottes Zeit ist die al- 1858 Lenouveau Pourceaugnac, L'auberge ;
lerbeste Zeit). The melody in the alto voice des Ardennes, ib., 1860 Les musieiens de ;
is the choral, "Mit Fried' und Freud' ich I'orchestre (with Delibes and Erlanger),
fahr' dahiu," written by Martin Luther Bouii'es Parisiens, 18G1 ; Hamlet, lyric trag-
(1521). edy, Nantes, Grand Theatre, 1888 Les mules ;
HE WAS DESPISED, de Fleurette, La mille et deuxitjme nuit,

aria for alto, iu E-
llat major, with accompaniment of strings comic operas (MS.) Le joueur d'orgue, A la ;
complete and coutinuo, iu Handel's The porte, parlor operettas Rimes et melodies, ;
Messiah, No. 21. 2 collections of songs several choruses with :

;;
IIILES
orchestra 6 choruses for female voices,

; HILL, born at Fulda, WILHELM,
with pianoforte (-l hands) 12 choruses for March 28, 1838, still hving, 1889. Pianist,
;
male voices a cappella Duos, etc. Valses pujiil of Heinrich Heukel and of Hauft";
; ;
concertantes for pianoforte (4 hands) ; Valses in 1854 he settled at Frankfort, where his
romantiques, for do. etc. ;
Fotis, Supple- opera Alona was awarded the second prize
ment, i. 472 Mendel, Ergiiuz.,
; 158. at the competition in 1882 for the opening
HILES, HENRY, born in ShrewsbuiT, of the new Opera house. Among his other
England, Dec. 31, compositions deserve especial mention 2
1826, still living, at sonatas for vioHn, op. 20 and 28, the trios, op.
Manchester, 1889. 12 and 43, a quartet with pianoforte, op. 44,
Organist at Bury, and some sougs. Riemann.
184C; Bishop- Wear- HILLEMACHER, PAUL JOSEPH WIL-
mouth, 1847 St. Mich- ; HELM, born in Paris, Nov. 25, 1852, still
Wood Street, living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Bazin at the
ael's,
London, 1859 Blind Conservatoire, where ho won a second prize

;
Asylum, Manchester, for harmony in 1870, a first accessit for

1860 Bowdon, 1861 fugue in 1872, and the grand prix de Rome
; ;
St. Paul's, Hulme, in 1876, for his cantata Judith. A morceau

Manchester, 1864-67 lecturer at Owen's symphonique, for orchestra, was played at
;
College, ib., and conductor of several musi- the Concerts moderues, in 1876. Fetis,
cal societies. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1862 Supplement, 473. i.
Mus. Doc, ib., 1867. Works: The Patri- HILLEK, FERDINAND, born in Frank-
archs, oratorio Favre Pastorel, cantata
; f ort-ou -the -Main, ;
The Crusaders, sacred cantata, 1874 Watch- Oct. 24, 1811, died
;
fulness, cantata for female voices Sing to in Cologne, IMay 12,

;
the Lord, festival anthem I was glad, do. ; 1885. Of Hebrew ;
TLe Lord will comfort Zion, full anthem l)arentage pupil of ; ;
The Lord is my Light, do. God is our Re- ; a violinist n a m e d

fuge, do. Blessed are the Merciful, do.
; I Hofmann, on the pi- ;
will lay me down in peace, tenor solo and anoforte of Alois

chorus Wherewithal shall a young man,
;
Schmitt, and in har-
do. ; I am well pleased, do. Cathedral fes- ;
mony and counter-
tival service in G Morning service in F point of Vollweiler. He played a Mozart con-
;
Evening do. in F Fantasia, for organ certo in public at the age of ten, and began to
; ;
Prelude and fugue in A, do. Sonata in G compose at twelve. In 1825 he was sent to
;
minor, do. W^reck of the Hesjserus, and Wêimar to study composition under Hum-
;
other part-songs Stars of the Summer mel, whom he accompanied in 1827 on a

;
Night, and other songs. Pianoforte music. professional tour to Vienna, where he saw
He is author also of a Grammar of Music Beethoven on his death-bed ("Aus dem
(2 vols. 8vo, n.d.) The Harmony of Sounds Tonleben," 2d series), and published his
;
(London, 1871-72-78); Modern Counter- opus 1, a string quartet written at Wêimar.

point (ib., 1884) First Lessons in Singing He returned to Frankfort, but weut in 1828
;
(ib., His brother, John Hiles (1810-

1888). to Paris, where, with the exception of a visit
1882), was an organist also, and author of home on his father's death, he lived seven
several didactic works, and of pianoforte years. For a short time he gave lessons at
music and songs. Choron's Institution de Musique, but dur-
HLLF, HERR! Chorus in D minor, in ing the greater part of his stay lived on his
Mendelssohn's E/ian, No. 1. own private means, and worked assiduously
;
IIILLER
at the pianoforte autl composition. At the takable influence upon the musical thought
same time he went a good deal into society, of the day as composer, pianist, teacher,
gave many successful concerts, and did, in From 1850 ho
conductor, and litterateur.
pianoforte and chamber music, very much conducted all the Lower Rhine Festivals
the same good work that Habeueck was that were given at Cologne. Hiller was
doing, in the orchestral field at the Sociutu long noted as one of the chief representa-
des Concerts, to introduce Bach and Beetho- tives of the ultra-classical element in mod-
ven to the French public. It was he who ern German music. He owed his eminence
first played Beethoven's E-flat concerto in as a composer rather to a fine and highly
Paris. In his concerts he associated him- cultivated musical talent than to original
self especially with Fctis and Baillot. In genius a man of naturally refined ijerceji-
;
1835 he returned to Frankfort, where he tions, of fine intellectual endowments, and

conducted the Ciieilien - Verein during broad general culture, he stood prominent
Suhelble's illness in 1836-1837. He next among the German composers of his day
went to Milan, where he wrote his ojêra of as a follower of Mendelssohn rather than of
Eomilda, brought out at La Scala in 1839, Schumann. His intimacy with almost all
through Rossini's eftbrts, but made no suc- the leading comjaosers of his time, his
cess. In Milan he also began his oratorio agreeable manners and conversation, his ex-
Die Zersti'iruug Jerusalems, which, when cellent style as a m-iter, made him an espe-
finished, interested Mendelssohn so deeply cial favourite, excejjt with the followers of
that he induced Hiller to spend the winter Wagner, of whose art j)rinciples he was al-
of 1839-40 in Lei2)sic to superintend its ways a determined opponent. His comp)o-
production. In 1811 ho made a second sitions almost invariably command respect,
trip to Italy, studying the old Italian church and not unfrequently admiration, by the ex-
nuisic at Home under the guidance of Baiui. cellence of their style, albeit that his native
Returning to Frankfort for a time, he went genius did not always second him well in
thence to Leipsic, where he conducted the the romantic direction which his instincts
Gewandhaus concerts for the season of impelled him to pursue. Of his many
1843-41:, and then to Dresden, where he friends Mendelssohn was the closest, and
brought out two operas, Traum der Christ- had the strongest influence over him.
nacht and Conradin. In 1847 he was ap-
Works I. Oratorios and Cantatas Die :
pointed municipal Kaiiellmcister at Diissel- ZcrstOnuig Jerusalems, oj). 24 (Leipsic, Kist-

dorf, and in 1850 at Cologne, which last uer) ; Saul, o]}. 80 (ib.); Additional accom-
post he continued to fill nearly up to his paniments to Handel's Deborah ; 2 psalms,
death, with but few interruptions. He con- Gesang der
voice and pianoforte, op. 27 ;
ducted the opera at the Theatre Italien in Geister iiber den Wassern, text by Goethe,
Paris for the season of 1852-53, conducted for chorus and orchestra, op. 3G (Berlin,
a series of concerts at St. Petersburg in Guttentag) ; Eiue Kiiferhochzeit, 2 voices
1870, and went to England
1871 to su- and pianoforte, op. 45 Die lustigen Musi-
in ;
perintend the production of his cantata, kanten, 4 voices and pianoforte, op. 48 ;
Nala und Damayanti, at tlie Birmingham weint um sie, text by Byron, soprano solo,
Festival, and in 1872 to give concerts in chorus, and orchestra, op. 49 (Bonn, Sim-
London, at which he appeared both as pian- rock) ; Psalm XXV., tenor solo, chorus, and
ist and conductor of some of his own works. orchestra, op. 60 (Mainz, Schott) ; Pater
He organized the Cologne Conservatorium noster, chorus and organ ad lib., op. 61 ;
soon after settling in that city, and was Gesang Helo'isens und der Nonnen am
for a long time the chief musical figure in Grabe Abiilards, alto solo, chorus, and
the Rhenish Provinces, exerting an unmis- small orchestra, op. 62 (Breslau, Leuckart)
871
; ;
lilLLER
Psalm, 8 voices, op. 65 Das Standcheu, ;

strumental pieces and choruses to Gorner's
male voices and strings, op. 68 (^lainz, Prinz Papagei, op. 183.
Scbott) Die Lorelei, soli, chorus, and or-
; in. Miscellaneous vocal 26 mixed chor- :
chestra, op. 70 (Leipsic, Kistner) Vcr sa- ; uses, with or without accompaniment, op.
crum oder die Griinduug Iloms, do., op. 75 71, 116, 148, 165, 194 7 male choruses, do. ;
(ib., Breitkopf & Hiirtel) Christnacht, soli, ; op. 28, 114 6 five-part songs, op. 25 29
; ;
chorus, and pianoforte, scored for orchestra four-part songs, op. 31, 56, 143, 199; 24
by E. Petzold, op. 79 (ib., Kistuer) Die ; three-part songs for female voices and pi-
Wallfahrt nach Kevlaar, voice and piano- anoforte, op. 94, 123, 176 over 30 two- ;
forte, Spruch, Gott mit mir, 2

op. 83 ; part songs with pianoforte, op. 39, 43, 63,
voices and pianoforte, op. 89 An das Va- ; 90, 92, 121, 132, 164, 177, 205; Weine
terland, male chorus and orchestra, oji. 91 uicht, recitative and romance for soprano,
(Nuremberg, Schmid) ; 6 Marienlieder, cho- with jjiauoforte, op. 72 Reiner von Biirgeu, ;
rus and pianoforte, or organ ad lib., op. 93 Liedercyclus for a voice and pianoforte, op.
Die NachI, soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 179 Dallo profundo chiamo a te, Signore,
;
99 (Breslau, Leuckart) rabnenmnntagmor- ; text by Dante, for a voice aud pianoforte,

gen, do., op. 102 (Leipsic, Eieter-Bieder- op. 189 over 100 songs with pianoforte, op.
;
mann) Aus der Edda, 2 poems for male

; 16, 18, 23, 26, 34, 41, 46, 85, 111, 129, 149,
chorus aud orchestra, op. 107 (Breslau, 153, 159, 185, 195, 204.
Leuckart) Psalm sciii., do., op. 112 (Leip-
; IV. Orchestral : Symphony No. 1, Paris,
sic, Rieter-Biedermaun) I'fingslcn, chorus ; Jan. 1830; do., No. 1831; do., No. "2, ib.,
and orchestra, op. 119 (ib., Kistner) Os- ; 3, Es muss doch Friihling werden, iu E
termorgen, soprano solo, male chorus, and minor, op. 67 (Mainz, Schott) Scenen aus ;
orchestra, op. 134 (Bremen, Cranz) Es ; dem Soldatenleben, suite, op. 146 Drama- ;
muss doch Friihling werden, male chorus tische Fantasie (Sinfonischer Prolog), op.
aud orchestra, op. 136 (Mainz, Scbott) ; 166 ; Overture No. 1, in D minor, op. 32
Friihlingsnacht, 4 soli and orchestra, op. do..No. 2, in A, op. 101 do. to Schiller's ;
139 (ib.) iVa/a und Damaranti, soli, chorus,

; Demetrius, op. 145 Pianoforte concerto ;
aud orchestra, op. 150 (London, Novello) ; No. 1, in A-flat, op. 5 do. No. 2, in F-sharp ;
Israels Siegesgesang, soprano solo, chorus, minor, op. 69 do. No. 3, in C, op. 113
;
and orchestra, op. 151 (ib.) Bundeslied, ; Violin concerto in A, op. 152 Fantasiestiick ;
male chorus and orchestra, op. 174 Pro- for violin and orchestra, iu A, op. 152, b. ;
metheus, soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. V. Chamber music String quintet in G, :
175 Rebek-ka, do., op. 182 2 Balladen, solo, op. 156 String quartet in G, op. 12 do.
; ; ; ;
chorus, and pianoforte, op. 187 Sanctus in B minor, op. 13 Quartet for pianoforte
; ;
Domiuus, male chorus, op. 192 Es fiu-chto and strings, op. 1 do. in F minor, op. 3
; ; ;
die Gutter das Menscheugesehlecht, from do. in A minor, op. 133 Trio for pianoforte ;
Goethe's Iphigenie, chorus and orchestra, and strings, in B-flat, op. 6 do. in F-sharp ;
op. 193 Richard Loewenherz, Ballade, minor, op. 7 do. in E, op. 8 do. (Sere-
; ; ;
tenor solo, chorus, aud orchestra, op. nade), op. 64 do. (Serenade No. 2), op. ;
200. 186 Suite in canon form, for pianoforte ;
IL Dramatic Romilda, opera, IMilan, La and violin, op. 86 Serenade for do., op.
: ;
Scala, 1839 Ein Traum in der Christnacht, 109 Sonata for do., in A minor, op. 172
; ;
;
do. (Dresden, 1845) Conradiu, do.; Die other pieces for do., op. 2, 22, 38, 58, 118,
;
Katacombeu, do., Wiesbaden, February, 142, 190 Conzertstiick iu A minor, for pi- ;
1862 Der Deserteur, do., op. 120 (Mainz, anoforte and violoncello, op. 104 Serenade
; ;
Schott), Cologne, Feb. 17, 1865 Operette iu D minor, for do., op. 140. ;
ohne Text, pianoforte 4 hands, op. 106 In- VI. For pianoforte Sonata No. 1, in C, op. ; ;
272
;
HILLEIl
47 ; do. No. 3, in G minor, op. 78 ; Modern comic

Friedrichvon Schil- opera, ib., 1809 ;
Suite, op. 144 ; Suite sorieuse, op. 168 ; other lers Maneu, Festspiel,
1812 Music to ib., ;
pieces of various sorts, op. 4, 9, 10, 11, 14, Carnier's drama " Hercus Monte," 1810 ;
15, 17, 20, 21, 30, 33, 40, 52, 55, 117, 122, Gross ist der Herr, hymn for soli, chorus, and
163, 173, 175, 178, 184, 188, 191, 196, 197, orchestra (1810) Hymne an die Tonkunst, ;
198, 201, 202, 203 For 4 hands, Leichte for 4 voices and orchestra 6 quartets for
; ;
Serenade, op. 128 Grosser Festmarsch, op. strings Variations for violin, with second
; ;
147 Nameulose Tilnze, op. 169 For 2 violin, viola, and violoncello Grand sonata for
; ; ;
pianofortes, 4 hands. Duet iiber Lutzows pianoforte (4 hands), etc. Fetis Schilling. ;
wildc Jagd von C. M. von Weber, op. 108 HILLER (Hiiller), JOHANN ADAM, ;
Grand Duet, op. 135. born at Wendisch-

YII. Literary works " Aus dem Tonleben Ossig, near GOrlitz,
:
uusererZeit,"(Leipsic, Mendelssohn); "Die Silesia, Dec. 25, 1728,

Musik und das Publicum," (Cologne, Du died at Leipsic, June
Mont - Schemberg) "Ludwig van Bee- 16, 1804. Dramatic
;
thoven, (Leipsic, composer, pupil of

gelegentliche Aufsiitze,"
Leuckart) " Felix
Mendelssolm-Barthol-
;
o m i 1 i u s at the H ;^^
dy. Brief e und Erinneruugeu," (Cologne, Kreuzschule in Dres-
Du Mout-Schemberg) translated by M. E. den went to the Uni- ;
von Glehn, Loudon, Macmillan & Co., versity of Leipsic in

1874); " Musikalisches und Persunliches," 1751; tutor iu family
(Leipsic, Breitkojif & Hiirtel, 1876) ; "Briefe of Count Briihl, Saxon minister, in 1754 ;
went to Leii3sic in 1758,

where he devoted himself to
the public concerts director ;
of concerts in 1763; founded

a school of singing in 1771
Cantor and director of music
an eineUngenannte," (Cologne, 1877; Kiinst- at the Thomasschule in Leipsic in 1786,
lerleben, ib., 1880). Fi'tis Mendel Mas. and resigned in 1801. His importance as
; ;
Wochenblatt, ii. Athenreum (1885), i. 641. a composer rests on his Siugspiele, which
;
HILLER, FEIEDRICH ADAM, born in formed the beginning of the German comic
Leijisic iu 1768, died in KiJuigsberg, Nov. opera, developing individually by the side
23, 1812. and tenor singer, son of the Italian opera buffa, and the French
Violinist
and j)upil of Johann Adam Hiller. He opera-comique. The songs from his oper-
made his debut as a tenor singer at Rostock ettas became extremely popular. Works
in 1789. In 1790 he became musical di- Operettas, all given at Leipsic Der Teu- :
rector of the theatre at Schweriu, where he fel ist los (I. part Der Lustige Schuster, :
was known also as a fine violinist, and in 1768 H. part Die verwandelten Weiber, ; :
1796 at Altona and in 1803 became Ka- 1766 Loltchen am Hofe, 1760 Die Liebe
; ; ;
pellmeister of the theatre at KOnigsberg. He auf dem Lande Lisuart und Daviolette, ;
formed a class for instruction, and his new 1767) Die Jagd, Der Dorfharhier, Die ;
style of teaching attracted many scholars. Museu, 1772 Der Erntekranz, Der Krieg, ;
Works Adelstan und ROschen, comic op- 1773 Die Jubelhochzeit, Das Grab des
: ;
eretta, given at Schwerin, 1796 Das Nixen- Mufti, 1779 Poltis, oder das gerettete
; ;
reich, intermezzo, ib., 1796 Das Donau- Troja, 1782 Church cantatas Passion can-
; ; ;
weibchen, 1802 Das Schmuckkilstchen, op- tata Choralmelodien zu Gellert's geistlichen

; ;
eretta, KOnigsberg, 1804 ; Die drei Sultane, Oden und Liedern (1761) ; Weisse's Lieder
273
;
HILTON
fflr Kinder (17G9) 50 geistliclie Lieder f iir burg in 1798, lived at Riga in 1799, returned
;
Kiudei- (1774) Vierstimmige Cbor-Arien via Sweden and Denmark to Berlin in 1800,
;
and visited Paris, London, and Vienna in

1801-2. Many of his songs have become
very popular. Works Operas: II prime
(1794) lOOth Psalm
; Choralbuch (1793, navigatore, pastor-
;
witli appendices, 1794 and 1797). Allgem. al, given at Venice,

d. Biog., xii. 420 Futis Gerber Mendel
; 1794; Semiramide,
; ; ;
Scliilling Kocblitz, Fiir Freunde der Ton- Naples, 1795 Al-

;
;
kunst, i. 3 Winterfeld, iii. 472-540.

; essandro, St. Pe-
HILTON, JOHN, English composer of tersburg, 1798;
first half of the 17th Vasco de Gama,
centur}', was buried Berlin,1801;Froh-
at Westminster, sinn und Schwiir-
March 21, 1657. He m e r e i oijeretta, ,
was graduated as ib., 1801;Fanchon

Mus. Bae. at Cam- dasLeiermiidchen,
bridge in 102G, and do.,ib., 1804 ; Die Sylphen, fairy opera, ib.,
became organist and 1806 ; Der Kobold, operetta, Vienna, 1811.

at St. Marga- Isaacco figura del redentore, oratorio, Ber-
clerk
Westminster, in lin, 1792 La Danza, cantata, 1792 other
ret's, ; ;
1G28 lost his position when the organ was cantatas a mass Te Deum Psalms, ves-
; ; ; ;
taken down according to the ordinance of pers, and other church music Concerto, ;
Parliament, 1664. Works Faire Oriana, sonatas, and fantasias for pianoforte Quar-
:
;
beauties queene, 5-part madrigal, in The Tri- tet for pianoforte, flute, violin, and violon-
umphes of Oriana (London, KiOl) Ayres, cello Sextet, for pianoforte, 2 violas, 2
; ;
or Fa-las for 3 voyces (ib., 1627) Catch horns, and violoncello many songs, among
; ;
that Catch can, or, A

Choice Collection of them the well-known " An Alexis send' ich
Catches, Rounds, and Canons for 3 or 4 dich," " Es kaun ja nicht immer so bleiben,"
voyces (ib., 1652) 2 Services in G minor and "Vater, ich rufe dich." Allgem. d.
;
;

Anthems Elegy ou William Lawes (ib., Biog., xii. 435 Fctis Ledebur, Tonkiinstl.
; ; ;
1648). Grove Mendel Fetis Hawkins, Lex. Berlins Mendel Riemann Schilling.
; ; ; ; ; ;
Hist, of Music, iv. 46-47. HINGSTON, JOHN, English composer

HIMMEL, FRIEDIUCH HEINRICH, of the 17th century, buried at St. Margar-
bom at Treuenbrietzen, Brandenburg, Nov. et's, Westminster, Dec. 17, 1683. He was
20, 1765, died at Berlin, June 8, 1814. one of the musicians to Charles I., and
Pianist, intended for the church, and studied afterward entered the service of Oliver
theology at Halle but Friedrich Wilhelm Cromwell, whose daughters he instructed
;
XL, hearing him play the pianoforte at in music. About 1654 he was appointed or-
Potsdam, he sent him to Dresden, where he ganist to the Protector, and he held concerts
studied harmony and counterpoint three at his house at which Cromwell was often
years under Naumann. Compositions of present. He is said to have been Dr.
his,perfoiTued at the end of this time, in- Blow's master, but this is doubtful. He
duced the king to make him chamber-com- composed some Fancies for the viol. Grove
poser and to send him to Italy for two j'ears. Fctis, Suppk'ment, i. 475.
Became Court^Kapellmeister in 1795 had mNTZE, JACOB, born at Bernau, near
;
intercourse with Beethoven at Berlin in Berlin, Sept. 4, 1622, died in Berlin, May
1796 went to Stockholm and St. Peters- 5, 1702. Contrapuntist, was city cornet
;
S74
;
HIPPODAMIE
plaj'er in Berlin, and in 16GG edited the came a member of the Hoftheater orches-
twelfth edition of Criigei-'s Praxis jDietatis tra in Vienna, and was Uving there in 1811.
melica, to wbich he added " G5 geistreiche He composed a serenade for 2 violins, oboe,
epistolische Lieder " of hisown comjDositiou. and violoncello, string quartets, duos for
Other works Martin Opitzens epistolische violins, do. for violin and violoncello, do.
:
Lieder mit 1, 2, 3 und 4 Vocalstimmen oder for flutes, variations for violin, etc. Men-
mehr Instrumenten, etc. (Dresden and del Fetis Schilling. ; ;
Leipsic, 1C95) Pauli Gerhardi geistliche

; HmSCHBACH, HERMANN, born in
Andachteu in 10 Hefteu {1GG6-67). He ed- BerHn, Feb. 29, 1812, died at Leipsic, May
ited the Praxis pietatis inclusive of the 28th 17, 1888. Instrumental composer, puj)il of
edition.
Mendel do., Ergilnz., 158.
; Birnbach settled in 1842 at Leipsic, where ;
HIPPODAIIIE, lyric tragedy in five acts, he founded and edited the " Musikalisch-
text by Roj', music by Campra, represented kritisches Repertorium " (1843-45), but
at the Opera, Paris, March G, 1708. This made many enemies by his biting criti-
work, though well sung, was not so success- cisms and, embittered, renounced music
ful as Hesioue, by the same author. The for a mercantile career. Works 3 sym- :
roles of the king of Elis and of Pelops were phonies Lebenskamjjfe, op. 4, Erinnerun- :
filled by Hardouin and Thovenard, two gen an die Alpen, op. 46, Fausts Spazier-
basses ; that of Hippodamie was sung by gang, op. 47 Fantasia for orchestra, op. 27 ; ,'
Mile Journet. Published by Chr. Ballard 5 Overtures Fest-Ouverture, op. 3, op. :
(Paris, 17G8). 28, Gotz von Berlichingen, op. 3G, Ham-

HIPPOLYTE ET ARICIE (Hippolytus let, oj). 40, Julius Ciisar ; Lebensbilder, 12
and Aricia), tragic with quartets for strings, op. 1, 20, 30-35, 38, 42,
opera in five acts,
a prologue, text by the Abbe Pellegriu, 43, 49 4 quintets for do., op. 2, 39, 44, 50
;
music by Eameau, represented at the Acade- 2 do. with clarinet and horn, op. 40 and 48 ;
mic Roj'ale de Musique, Paris, Oct. 1, 1733. 1 septet, op. 5 1 octet, op. 2G. Fetis ; ;
Subject founded on the " Phedre " of Ea- Mendel Riemann. ;
cine. Though Rameau was then fifty years HISTORICAL SYjVIPHONY, in G, by

old, he had won so little reputation that Spohr, op. IIG, No. 6, written in Cassel in
Pellegriu made him sign a bill for 500 1839-40, in the style of four periods I. :
livres to secure him for the libretto in case Period of Bach-Handel, 1720 II. Adagio, ;
of the failure of the opera but he was so Haydn-Mozart, 1780

;
IH. Scherzo, Bee- ;
delighted when he heard the music of the thoven, 1810 IV. Finale, Modern period, ;
first act that he tore it up. The music, 1840. It was dedicated to the London
while not so noteworthy as that of Castor Philharmonic Society, to which Spohr sold
et Pollux,and with no more antique colour the right of production for a year, after the
than the contains beautiful numbers,
text, symphony was first performed in Cassel.
and the choruses are original and pleasing. This work was well received in Leipsic and
A parody by Riccoboni, was given at the Vienna, though Schumann was severe in his
Theatre Italien in 1733 and another, by ; criticism. Published by Mechetti (Vienna).
Favart, in 1742. Ippolito ed Aricia, Italian Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (1841),
opera, by P. Torri, Munich, 1731 by Tra- 63 Schumann, Gesammelte Schriften, ii.
; ;
etta, Parma, 1759 and by J. Holzbauer, 246 Spohr, Autobiography, ii. 215.
; ;
Mannheim, 17G8. Lajarte, i. 171. HITZ, FRANZ, born at Aarau, Switzer-

HIRSCH, LEOPOLD, violinist, who be- land, July 17, 1828, still living, 1889. Pi-
longed to Prince Eszterhazy's orchestra at anist, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of
Eisenstadt,under Josef Haydn, until 1790, Zimmerman and Laurent on the pianoforte,
when that orchestra was abolished. He be- and of Reber in harmony. Works Le :
2J5
:
hnili6ka
rouet de Madeline, comic oiêra, given at father, a school teacher studied later at ;
Havi'e, 1870 Les duesses du battoir, oper- Neuberg and at Freisiug, under Camerloher.
;
etta, Paris, Fantaisies-OUer, 1877 Mass He entered the order of the Benedictines
; ;
Fantaisies, variations, bagatelles, transcrip- at Weibenstepban in 1747. Among bis

tions, etc., for jjiauoforte. Futis, Supple- many sacred compositions of all kinds, the
ment, i. 475. oratorio, Die Judeu in der Gefangenschaft
HNILI6kA, ALOYS, bom at Wilden- zu Mauassa, is especially noteworthy. Men-
scbwert, Bobemia, Marcb 21, 182G, still del ; Fetis.
living, 1889. Organist, studied in Prague HOCHZEIT DES CAMACHO, DIE (Ca-
in 1842-43, and in 1849 became organist of macbo's Wediling), comic opera in two acts,
the principal cburcb of bis native town. text by Klingemann, music by Mendelssohn,
He composed an oratorio witb Bobemian represented at the Schauspielhaus, Berlin,
words, Ztraceny riij (Paradise lost) 3 ; April 29, 1827. The bouse was crowded
Kequiems, 10 Masses, and other cburcb mu- with the friends of the composer, then but
sic ; 7 quartets, etc. Mendel
Wurz- seventeen years old, and the aj^plause was
; Fetis ;
bacb. vehement but, in consequence of the illness ;
HOBBS, JOHN WILLIAM, born at Hen- of Blum, the tenor, the second performance
lej'-ou-Thames, Aug. 1, 1799, died at Croy- was postponed, and the piece was never
don, Jan. 12, 1877. He was a chorister of given again comj^lete until March 19, 1885,
Canterbury Cathedral when five years old when it was played as concert music in
;
sang at Norwich Musical Festival in 1813 Boston, IMass., by the Cecilia Society, un-
;
member of choirs at King's, Trinitj', and der the leadership of B. J. Lang. The
St. John's, Cambridge, and later of that of music was published complete in pianoforte
St. George's Chapel, Windsor Gentleman score by Lane (Berlin), and one of the
;
of the Chapel Royal in 1827 lay vicar of songs was included in op. 10 as No. 8.
; Les
Westminster Abbey in 1836. Works noces de Gamache, opera in three acts, text
When Delia sleeps. My ancestors were by Plauard, music by Boehsa, Paris, Sept.
Englishmen, The captive Greek Girl, and 16, 1815 do., text by Dupiu and Thomas ;
other songs, more than 100 in all Glees, Sauvage, music by Mercadante, arranged
;
etc. Grove. by Guenee, Paris, May 9, 1825.

HOBRECHT (Obrecbt), JACOB, born "
HOCHZEIT-IvLANGE, for orchestra, by
at Utrecht about 1430, died about 1506. Bruno Oscar Klein, first performed at
One most distinguished contrajDuut-
of the Thomas's Young People's Matinees, New
ists of the Netherlands, contemporary of York, April 14, 1888.
Josquin Despros maitre de cbapelle of the
; HOCKH, KARL, born at Ebersdorf, near
Cathedral at Utrecht in 1465, and succeed- Vienna, Jan. 22, 1707, died at Zerbst in
ed Jacques Barbii'eau in the same capacity 1772. Violinist studied at Pruck, then
;
at Notre Dame, Autwerjj, in 1492. His travelled with Franz Benda, who secured
masses, motets, bj-mns, etc., are to be found him a position in 1732 as Conzertmeister to
in various collections of the time, and in the Prince of Aubalt-Zerbst, which be held
manuscript in the archives of the Papal until his death. Works 7 Parthien for :
Chapel, and in the royal library at Munich. two violins and bass (Berlin, 1701) 6 sym- ;
Fotis Forkel, ii. 521

; Mendel. phonies, 18 concertos, and 12 soli for violin.
;
HOCHBERG, Count BOLKO. See Mendel ; Fetis ; Wurzbach.

Franz, J. H. HOCMELLE, PIERRE EDMOND, born
HOCHBRUCIvER, Pater COLESTIN, in Paris, Sept. 18, 1824, still living, 1889.
born at Tagmersbeim, Bavaria, Jan. 10, Blind organist, pupil at the Conservatoire
1727, died in 1803. Organist, pupil of his of Beuoist on the organ, of Elwart in couu-
; ;
:
HODERMAKN
terpoint, and of Leboroe iu composition ;
HOERTER, PHILIPPE, born at Straa-
won the second prize for organ in 1843, burg, Aug. 30, 1795, died there, Nov. 6,
and the iirst iu 1S4J:. He is organist of 1863. Composer, self-taught was at first ;
Saint-Philippe du Roule. Besides the op- a tailor, then a soldier and prisoner of war
erettas, Un service d'ami, 1864, Le vieux after the capitulation of Dantzie, and for
maestro, 1872, and others given in conten years double-bass player in the orches-
certs, he has composed works for the organ, tra of Strasburg, where by close application
and many romances. Fctis ; do.. Supple- and perseverance he made himself master
ment, i. 475. of the science of music. He became direct-
HODERMANN, GEOEG, born iu Sax- or of the gymnase and the somiuaire, and
ony, died at Amsterdam in the beginning conducted the Sociutc chorale. His freak
of this century. Pianist, pupil of J. Schicht of storing his MS. compositions in a sub-
settled, 1787, iu Amsterdam, where he es- terranean room of the gymnase, to be pre-
tablished a music trade and taught the served until after his death, cost him the
pianoforte. He appeared successfully in loss of all his works, over 100 in number,
the concerts of the Felix Meritis Society, and consisting of oratorios, cantatas, psalms,
repeatedly conducted there the execution etc., in the conflagration of the gymnase,
of his own compositions. Works Abu June 29, 1860. Ft:-tis, Supplement, i. 476. :
Hassan, oder der Ermit von Formentera, HOFFMANN, ERNST (THE ODOR
opera De deugden bij het kruis van Jesus, AMADEUS), properly,
;
oratorio Cantata on the Resurrection of Ernst Theodor Wil-

;
Christ Die Jagd, allegory for two orches- helra, born at Ki'migs-
;
tras 2 symphonies Overture Septet 2 berg, Jan. 24, 1776,

; ; ; ;
quintets Trios Duos for violins, op. 10

; died in Berlin, June
;
;
2 concertos for pianoforte, op. 13 6 sona- 25, 1822. The weU- ;
tas for pianoforte and violin, op. 5, 9 6 knowu writer of fan- ;
easy do., op. 12 12 sonatinas for two vio- tastic tales, instructed
;
lins, op. 11 6 square dances and a minuet in music by the or-

;
with twelve variations, for pianoforte. Ger- gauist Podbielski. He

ber ; Gregoir ; Viotta. became musical di-
HODGES, EDWARD, born at Bristol, Bamberg in 1808
rector of the theatre at
England, July 20, 179G, died at Clifton, sang in concert and church conducted, ;
Sept. 1, 18G7. Organist at Clifton, and of 1813-15, in Dresden and Leipsic. A man
the Churches of St. James and St. Nicholas, was acquainted with
of great versatility, he
Bristol obtained the degree of Mus. Doc.
; Beethoven, loved by Weber, and died in
at Cambridge iu 1825. In 1838 he went to consequence of his irregular life, deeply re-
America and became orgauist of St. John's gretted by many friends. Works Operas
Episcopal Chapel, New York, iu 1839, and Scherz, List und Rache (Goethe), given at
of Trinity Church, ib., in 1846 returned Posen, 1801
; Der Renegat, Plozk, East ;
to England iu 18G3. Works Morning and 1803; Faustine, ib., 1804; Die
: Prussia,
Evening Service 2 anthems and other ungeladenen Giiste oder der Canonicus von
; ;
church music. He wrote, "Essay on the Mailand, Warsaw, 1805 Liebe und Eifer- ;
Cultivation of Church Music " (New York, sucht, ib., 1807 Der Trauk der Unster- ;
1841). His daughter, Faustina Hasse Hod- blichkeit, Bamberg, 1808 Aurora, ib., ;
ges, organist in Brooklyn, and of two 1811 Undine (bis best work, and highly ;
churches in Philadelphia in 1878, has writ- commended by Weber), Berlin, 1816 Ju- ;
ten songs and instrumental pieces. Grove lius Sabinus (unfinished) Hailekin, bal- ;
;
Mendel Fetis; do., Supplement, i. 476

; let Music to Brentano's Die lustigen Mu- ;
277
;
IIOFFMANTq"
sikanten, Warsaw, 1805 do. to Werner's ; and in 1742 chief organist of the Maria
tragedy Das Kreuz an der Ostsee, ib., 1805 ;
Magdalen enku'che. He comjjosed two pas-
do. to Soden's melodramas Dirua, Bamberg, sion-oratorios, 4 comjilete series of church
1809, and Saul, ib., 1812 Mass for four ; music for the entire year, 2 series of canta-
voices and orchestra ; Miserere for do. ;
tas for the gi'eat feast days, many detached
Musica per la cliiesa, overture for grand pieces for the church, more than 400 seren-
A orchestra, in D mi- ades, concertos, etc.
Mendel Fetis Ger- ; ;
nor; Symphony for ber (1812), ii. 702 Schilling.

^fl;ULri&^^* ;
Iff do., in E-flat Qumtet ;

HOFFMANN, LUDWIG, born in Berlin,
''^ for harp, two violins, Oct. 27, 1830, still living, 1889. Vocal
and bass 3 sonatas for pianoforte
viola, ; ;
comjjoser, jjupil of A. W. Bach and Rung-
Canzoni per quattro voci di cappella Vocal ; enhagen, at the Rojal Academy of Arts,
quartet ; Duets,
arias, songs, etc. Allgem. 1848-1851. Silver medal. From 1853 or-
d. Biog., 575; Allgem. mus. Zeitg.
xii. chestra conductor of several provincial thea-
Champfleury, Contes posthumes d'Hoffmann tres, he became conductor of the Musikverein
(Paris, 1856) Fctis Funck, Erinnerungen

; ; and the Liedertafel at Bielefeld in 1858, and
aus meinem Leben (Leipsic, 1836), i. Hit- ; was appointed royal director of music in
zig, Aus Hoffmann's Lebeu imd Nachlass 1862 from 1864 to 1868 he conducted the
;
(Berlin, 1839) Ledebur, Tonkiinstler-Lexi-

; Neustiulter Gesangverein at Dresden, then
kon Berlins Rochlitz, Fiir Freunde der
; returned to Berlin, where he is professor of
Tonkunst, ii. 3 Sowinski. ; vocal music in the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gym-
HOFFM.A.NN, HEENRICH ANTON, born nasium, and at a young ladies' seminary, and
at Mainz, June 24, 1770, died there, Jan. instructor of musical theory at Schwantzer's
19, 1842. Violinist, brother of Philipp Institute. Works : Das Wirthshaus am
Karl Hoffmann. He was first a musician Kj-ffhiiuser, opera, given at Stettin, 1855 ;
ia the chapel of the Elector of Mainz then ; chamber music, and in MS. many sacred
first violinist in the National Theatre at compositions. Mendel.
Frankfort, 1799 director of the Prince
; HOFPM.AN^, PHILIPP KARL, born at
Primate's court concerts in 1803 director ; Mainz, March 5, 1769, died (?). Pianist,
and leader of the theatre orchestra, 1817 studied music as an amateur, and while on
was pensioned in 1835. Works: String a journey to Frankfort with his brother
quartets Violin concertos
; Concertante Heinrich Anton as a child, played duets with
;
for two violins, and other violin music 6 Mozart, who recognized his talent. After ;
German Lieder with pianoforte accompani- his father's death he adopted music as a
;
ment Vocal music. Fotis Mendel Schil- profession and taught in ]\Iainz, Olfenbach,
; ;
ling. and fiually in St. Petersburg, from 1810 to

HOFFMANN, JOH.ANN GEORG, born 1821, when he returned to Frankfort. An
at Nimptsch, Silesia, Oct. 24, 1700, died at attack of jsaralysis obliging him to give up
Breslau, in 1780. Organist, taught by an music, he became known in Europe as a
organist nametl Quirl to play on several in- celebrated naturalist and entomologist, and
struments, and made a thorough theoreti- possessed fine collections. His composi-
cal study of music under that master. He were published
tions, chiefly for pianoforte,
became second oi-ganist at the Elizabeth- in Mainz and Ofl'enbach (1791-1798).
kirche, Breslau, whither he had gone to Mendel Futis Schilling.
; ;
establish himself as a teacher ; in 1725 he HOFFMAN, RICHARD, born in Man-

became second accompanist at the opera, chester, England, May 24, 1831, still living,
and in 1727 conductor of the orchestra in 1889. Pianist, pupil of his father, and of ;
1737 organist of the Church of St. Barbara, Leopold de Meyer, Pleyel, Moscheles, Ru-
278
HOFFMEISTER
and Liszt. In
binstein, Dohler, Thalberg, tets, 44 trios, 96 duos, for flute 42 quar- ;
1847 he went to America, and ajsjJeared as tets, 18 trios, 52 duos for string instru-
a pianist in New York ments ; 5 quartets with pianoforte ; 11
during that year in ; trios, do. ; variations, nocturnes, etc., for
1848 he made a con- various instruments a great many works of ;
cert tour in the Unit- church music, and songs. Mendel Wurz- ;
ed States with Burke, bach Fetis

; Gerber Schilling
; Riehl, ; ;
the violinist. He was Mus. Charakterkopfe, i. 249.

pianist of the first se- HOFHAIMER (Hofheymer, Hofhainer,
ries of Jenny Lind Hoffliaymer), PAULUS (Johaun Paul) VON,
concerts in America, born at Radstadt, in 1459, died at Salzburg
and played a duet in 1537. The first great musical genius of
with Julius Benedict Germany, of whom Luscinius says that for
at his first concei-t in the United States, thirty years he stood prominent as the best
and several times with von Btilow on his musician and composer of the time. He
visit to the United States in 1875. He was organist and composer in the royal
has resided many years in New York as chapel of Vienna under the Em^Derors Fried-
a successful teacher of the pianoforte. rich in. and Maximilian I. was also cele- ;
Works La Gazelle, op. 1 Caprice de Con- brated as a lute playei*. His compositions
: ;
cert, oj). 4 Venice, op. 11 Valse d'Adieu, have reached us only in meagre sjDecimens,
; ;
op. 12 Marche Funcbre, op. 21 Cradle some of his MSS., jJi'eserved in the Vienna
; ;
Song, op. 27 Tarentelle, op. 35 Cascarilla Library, including chorals and lute music.
; ;
(Cuban Dance), op. 43 Haddon Hall in Ye Some of his music was published two years
;
Olden Time, op. 48 Gavotte, op. 68 For- after his death by Peti-eius, in Harmouicse
; ;
est Musings, op. 73. Also songs, part- Poeticfe, music to odes of Horace and some
songs, and authems among them the fol- other jjoets (Nuremberg, 1539 new ed., by
; ;
lowing Elaine, op. 22 Memory, op. 31

: Achtleitner, 1868). Gerber mentions a col-
; ;
Seasons have passed away, op. 46 II lection of songs for four voices, published
;
ni'aime, op. 49 Boat Song, op. 52 Auf in 1548, belonging to the library of Zwick-
; ;
Wiedersehen, op. 58 Te Deum, op. G2 au, in which are several by Hofhaimer.

; ;
Bonum est, op. 65 By the Waters of Baby- He had many illustrious pupils. Among
;
lon, anthem, op. 66 Stay at Home, my those mentioned by Luscinius were

; Ar- :
Heart, male quartet, op. 72. geutin von Bern, Johanu Biichner of Con-
HOFFMEISTER (Hofmeister), FRANZ stauz, Conrad of Sp)eier, and Wolfgang of
ANTON, born at Rothenburg on the Neckar Vienna. He was ennobled by the Emperor
in 1754, died in Vienna, Feb. 10, 1812. Maximilian, and received in 1515 the order
Dramatic composer, studied law in Vienna, of the Golden Spur from the King of
where he became Kapellmeister of a church, Hungary. He retired to Salzburg at the
and in 1784 established a book, art, and mu- close of his life, and lived for several years
sic business started the " Bureau de Musi- in close retirement.
; Allgem. d. Biogr., sii.
que " at Leipsic (now C. F. Peters) in 1800 569 Ambros, iii. 373 Fetis Gerber Men- ; ; ; ; ;
returned to Vienna in 1805, where he gave del Schilling Weitzmauns Geschichte ; ;
himself up to composition. Works : 9 des Clavierspiels, 24.

operas, Telemaeh, Der erste Kuss, and HOFMANN, HEINRICH (KARL JO-
others ; several symphonies, concertos, 350 HANN), born in Berhn, Jan. 13, 1842, still
pieces for serenades, and other works for living there, 1889. Dramatic composer,
orchestra, and for and 8 wind instru- pupil at Kullak's Conservatorium of Grell,
6
ments ; 30 concertos, 18 quintets, 156 quar- Dehn, and Wiierst first ajjpeared as a ;
279
;; ;;
HOFMANN
pianist, but after making himself a name as 67 ; for pianoforte (4 hands) Drei Geure- :
virtuoso on that instrument, abandoned it for bilder, op. 3 ; Fughette, Menuett und Fest-
composition, induced marsch, op. 10 ; Walzer und Kosakenmarsch,
by the success of his op. 13 Italienische Liebesnovelle,
; op.
first opera, Cartouche, 19 ; Sieben Liindlcr, op. 23 Liebesfriih- ;
produced in Berlin in ling, fi'mf Stiicke, op. 29 Drei Charakter- ;
18G9, and much ap- stiicke, op. 35 Ungarische Tiinze Silhou- ; ;
plauded afterward in etten aus Uugai'n Norwegische Lieder ;
many German cities und Tiinze Neue ungarische Tanze do., ; ;
this was followed in Neue Folge Steppenbilder, op. 39 Walzer, ; ;
1873 by the Hungar- op. 42a Am Rhein, Skizzen, op. 43 Aus ; ;
ian Suite, ijlayed by meinem Tagebuch, op. 46 Aus alter Zeit, 7 ;
all larger orchestras with unusual success, Stiicke Der Trompeter von Siikkingen, ;
meeting with a brilliant reception also in Sechs Klavierstiicke, ojJ. 52 Zwei Sere- ;
America, and establishing his i-eputation. naden, oj). 54 do., op. 54a Ekkehard, ; ;
Scarcely less significant was the impi'ession Skizzen, oj). 57 Singuf, ojd. 58 Drei Inter- ; ;
made by his Frithjof Symphony in 1874:, mezzi, op. 66 ; Sechs Charakterstiicke, op.
since when his fame has been steadily grow- 70 Vier Stiicke, op. 7G Russische Lieder ; ;
ing.
Works Operas Cartouche, comic und Tiinze Waldmiirchen, eiu Cyklus, oj).
: ;
opera, op. 7, given in Berlin, 1872 Der 79 Drei Sonatinen in kleiner Form, op. ; ;
Matador, 1872 Armin, oji. 40, Dresden, 86 do. (2 hands) Zwei Notturnos, op. 1
; ; :
;
1877 Aenucheu von Tharau, op. 44, Ham- Zwei Walzercapricen, op. 2 Capriccio, op.
; ;
burg, 1878; Wilhelm von Oranieu, ojj. 56, 5 Fiinf Charakterstiicke, op. 9 Album- ; ;
ib., 1882 Donna Diana, op. 75, Berlin, bliitter, op. 11 Im Traume, op. 12 Sa-
; ; ;
1886. Champagnerlied, for male chorus lonwalzer, op. 14 Nachkliluge, fiinf Stiicke, ;
and orchestra, o}}. 17 Nounengesang, for op. 34 do. 2. Heft, op. 37 Drei Stiicke in
; ; ;
soli, female chorus, and orchestra, oj). 21 Tanzform, op. 55 Impromptu, op. 73 ;
;
Das Miirchen von der schonen 3Ielu)<i)ie, for Skizzen, neun Klavierstiicke, op. 77 Etude ;
do. (mixed chorus), op. 30 Aschenbriklel, in E-flat Alt-Franziisische Gavotte, Lose

;
;
for do., op. 45 Festgesang, for do., op. Bliltter, Fiinf kleiue Stiicke, op. 85 Stirn-
; ;
74 ; Solig siud die Todten, cantata for Alto muugsl)ildcr, op. 88. Vocal : Drei Lieder
solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. C4 Droi for mixed chorus, op. 8 do., op. 47 Salve
; ; ;
Charakterstiicke, for orchestra, op. 15 Eegina, and Weihnachtslied Adestefideles,

;
:
Ungarische Suite, for do., op. 10 ; Fvithjaf, for do., op. 53 Six quartets for male ;
symphony for do., op. 22 ; Schauspiel-Ouver- voices, op. 20 ; Two do., op. 71 ; Vier Miin-
tiire, for do., op. 28 ; Bilder aus Nordeu, nerchijre, op. 87 ; Wie lange noch ?, for
for do. ; Trauermarsch, for do., op. 38 Im male chorus
; Minnespiel, Walzer for 4 ;
Schlosshof, suite for do., op. 78 ; Serenade, voices and pianoforte (4 hands), op. 42
for string orchestra, op. 05 do., op. 72 Sinnen und llinuen, ein Tanzjjoem, for
;
;
Concerto for violoncello with orchestra, op. do., op. 68 Lenz und Liebe, for do., op. ;
31; Adagio for violin with do., op. 31a; 84 Drei Gesiinge, for 2 Soprani and Alto ;
Trio for pianoforte and strings, op. 18 (soli or chorus), with pianoforte, op. 81 ;
Quartet for do., op. 50 Sextet for strings, Four duets, op. 4 do., op. 41 Songs, op.
; ; ;
op. 25 ; TJugarisches Lied, quintet for do. ; 24, 26, 27 ; 32, 33, 36, 49, 51, 59-62, 68,
Octet for do., flute, clarinet, horn, and bas- 82, 83, 89. lUustr. Zeitg. (1881), i.49 ;
soon, op. 80 Eomanze, for violoncello with Mus. Courier, No.

; 12, Sept. 22, 1886
pianoforte, op. 48 Serenade, for do., op. Mus. Wochenblatt,
; vi. 634, 652, 668 ; viii.
03 Sonata for violin and pianoforte, op. 4, 34.

;
280
:;
HOFMANJS"
HOFMANN, KARL EDUARD, bom at and pianist, member of a musical family,
Diirrhennersdorf, Silesia, iu 1797, died in with whom he travelled professionally iu
Prague, Nov. 2-t, 1860. Composer, puiîl of Europe in 1846. In 1848 he went to Amer-
Lis father, and iu Prague, in 1813, of To- ica, and after giving concerts iu Boston and
mascliek, who recommended bim, iu 1816, as other cities, settled as a music teacher iu
a teacher in Vienna. He returned to Prague Philadeljjhia, where he received the degree
in 1820, and taught music there. He ar- of Mus. Doc. In 1860 he returned to
ranged Beethoven's second, third, and fifth Brunswick, and settled at Blankeubur"-.
symphony for the f)ianoforte for eight hands, He has composed symjjhonies, overtures,
and arranged and adaj)ted Mendelssohn's j)ianoforte and violin concertos, and vocal
and Tomaschek's music, besides arrange- music. Mendel.
ments from Fidelio, Oberou, Lodoiska, etc. HOL, RICHARD, born iu Amsterdam,
He had several well-known pupils, among July 25, 1825, still living at Utrecht, 1889.
them, Pischek, Julius Benoui, and Wilhelm Pianist and organist, pupil of the organist
B. Mayer. Mendel. Martens, and of Bertelman, then formed
HOFMANN, MELCHIOR, composer in himself chiefly ou the study of Beethoven's
Leipsic, first half of the 18tli century. He works. During the early period of his ar-
studied under J. C. Schmid was director tistic life he appeared now and then in pub-
;
of music in the Neue Kirche, in 1704 di- lie as a pianist, and in 1845 gave concerts
;
rector of the Thomasschule and of the abroad, especially in the Rhine provinces.
Opera. He went to London iu 1710, but He then taught music at Amsterdam, and
returned to Leipsic in 1712. He composed was made director of the Choral Society
the operas Aeontius und Cydippe, and Amstels Mannenkoor in 1856, of the Society
:
Rhea Sylvia, Hamburg, 1720 and left for the Encouragement of Music, iu 1857,
;
church and vocal music in MS. Mendel

and succeeded Kufferath in 1862 as citj' mu-
;
Gerber Schilling.
; sic director at Utrecht, where he became also
HOHE LIED SALOMONLS, DAS (The organist of the cathedral in 1869, and di-
Song of Solomon), oratorio, by Carl Loewe, rector of the music school iu 1875. In the
written between 18-18 and 1860. same year he was appointed president of
HOHLFELD, OTTO, born at Zeulenroda, the newly created Nederlaudsche Toonkun-
Saxony, March 10, 1854, still living, 1889. stenaars Vereeniging. He ranks among the
by the can-
Violin virtuoso, first instructed foremost Dutch composers, and is distin-
tor Solle, and at the seminary in Greiz by guished as a musical conductor and teacher,
the cantor Urban and director Regener ;
and as a writer on music. Orders of the
then at the Conservatorium in Dresden Oaken Crown, and of the Golden Lion of
(1872-75), pupil of Lauterbach on the violin, Nassau Officer of the French Academy,
;
and of Rietz and Kretsehmer. After play- 1878, and member of several learned and art
ing for a short time in the royal orchestra societies. Works for orchestra : 2 Sym-
at Dresden, he was appointed Conzert- phonies, in C minor, and D minor, op. 44
meister at the court theatre in Darmstadt Erkliirung, Conzertstiick, op. 51 Kapell- ;
in 1876, and has thence made several suc- meister Wohlklang, overture Feestouver- ;
cessful concert tours. Works String ture in E-flat Concert overture in C minor
: ;
;
quartet, op. 1 ; Gaudeamus igitur eu Nationale feestraarsch,

Zigeunerkliinge, for piano-
forte, op. 2 ;Elegie, for trombone with or- overture. Mixed chorus with orchestra
gan, op. 3 ; EK'gie, for violin, op. 4 Songs, The 23d psalm Der blinde KOnig (Uhlaud),
; ;
op. 5. Mendel, Ergtinz., 159 Riemann.

; op. 39 Heiligerlee, cantata, op. 68
; De ;
HOHNSTOCK, KARL, born at Bruns- Vliegende Hollander, op. 70 Leidensglorie ; ;
wick, in 1828, still living, 1889. Violinist David, concert drama, op. 81 ; De Balling
281
;
; ;
nOLBERGIANA
op Zee (with pianoforte), op. 46. Mule ums ; Anthems ; 3 sets of glees ; Canons,
chorus with orchesti'a Leideus oiitzet, op. : songs, pianoforte pieces, including arrange-
32 Bede, op. 18 XrijgsHed, op. 37 Von-
; ; ; ments of many of Handel's choruses.
del, op. 48 Viede, op. 63 In' t woud, op.
; ; Grove Fetis Hawkins, Hist., iv. 541
; ;
86. Male chorus, with instruments Hol- : Burney, iv. 3.
lands glorie (with brass), oj). 24 De Oran- ; HOLLAND, JOHANN DAVID, born at
jevaan (do.), op. 55; Voudel gekroond (with Herzberg, Hanover, in 1746, died(?). Di-
pianoforte) ; Two masses, with organ, op. rector of music in St. Catherine's, Hamburg.
28 and 33 ; Laudate 'Dominum, op. 65 Works Die Auferstehuug Christi, oratorio, ;
:
Het graf onder den meidoorn, with soprano Hamburg, 1780 ; Entr'acte to Hamlet, ib.,
solo. Male chorus a cappella Drie vier- : 1790 ; Several collections of songs, and pi-
stemmige koren, op. 8 Opwaarts, op. 19 ; ;
anoforte pieces. Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel.
Drie manuenkoren, op. 22 Twee gezangen, ; HOLLANDER, ALEXIS, born atRatibor,
op. 34 ; De kabels los, op. 38 Raadgeving, ; SUesia, Feb. 25, 1840, still living, 1889.
op. 41 De rots in zee, op. 49 Zwei Ge-
; ; Karl Schuabel and Adolf
Pianist, jiupil of
siiuge, op. 52 Eeu lied van Nederland, op.
; Hesse in Breslau, where he already con-
57 Eene kerk, op. 58 Leveusvreugd, op. 69
; ; ducted a singing society formed by the
Drie toasten ; Hymne
aan den vrede, op. 76 scholars of the gj'muasium from 1858 to ;
Vrijheids hymne, op. 90 and many others. ; 1861 he studied Royal Academy in at the
Female chorus with accompaniment Drei : Berlin under Grell and A. W. Bach, and
Gesiinge, op. 26 Morgengesang, for contral-
; privately under H. BOhmer in 1861 he be- ;
to and chorus De vier jaargetijden, op. 54

; ;
came instructor at Kullak's Academy, and
Deavondstoud, op. 62; Kerstcantate Schep- ; in 1864 conductor of the Ciicilieuverein.
pingslied, oj). 79 Zomerbloemeu, op. 87.
; Works Quintet for jsiauoforte and strings,
:
Sacred songs, with organ, and many songs. pianoforte pieces, songs, and choruses.
Fetis, Supplement, i. 479 Gregoir Viotta. ; ; Mendel Riemann. ;
HOLBERGIANA, suite for orchestra, by HOLLANDER (Christiaan Jans, called),

Niels Wilhclm Gade, written for the bicen- CHRISTIAAN DE, born probably at Dord-
tenary festival of Ludwig Holberg (1684- recht, Holland, about 1520, died, probably
1754), the founder of Danish literature, first at Munich, about 1575. Contrapuntist, be-
given at Copenhagen, Dec. 3, 1884. Pub- came Kapelmeester at Oudenarde in 1549 ;
lished bj' Breitkopf it Hilrtel (Leij^sic, 1884). entered in 1556 the service of the Em-
HOLDEGATTIN (Graceful consort), duet peror Ferdinand I., after whose death, in
for soprano and- bass (Eva, Adam) in E-tlat 1564, he remained with Maximilian H.
major, in Haydn's Die Schopfuiuj, Part III. Works Cautiones variie, 4 to 8 voices, etc.
:
HOLDER," JOSEPH WILLI.\M, born at (Munich, 1570) ; Neue teutsche geistliche

Clerkenwell, Lon- und weltliche Liedlein, for do. (ib., 1570) ;
don, in 1764, died Triciniorum, quse turn vivas vocis, etc. (ib.,
in London
in 1573) Neue auserlesene teutsche Lieder, ;
1832. Organist for 5 and more voices (Nuremberg, 1575) ;
and vocal com- Motets for 4-8 voices, in various collections.

poser, pupil of Fetis Viotta. ;
Nares. Assistant HOLLANDRE, CHARLES YtUS. DE,

organist of St. born in the province of Hainault, in the
George - the -Mar- Netherlands, about the end of the 17th cen-
tyr, organist of St. tury, died at Oudenarde, April 23, 1750.
Mary's, Bungay, then at Chelmsford. Mus. Church composer. Studied music at Mons,
Bac, Oxford, 1792. Works Mass Te De- where he was a choir boy in the Church of
: ;
HOLLY
St. London. Grove Mendel Fetis, Sup-
Elizabeth, then was a pupil of the or- in ; ;
ganist Plouvier at the Abbey of Canibron in plement, 480. ; i.
1734: he became Kapelnieester of the Church HOLMES, AUGUSTA, born in Ireland

of St. Walburga, Oudenarde, where his about 1850, still living, 1889. Pianist, liv-
works are preserved in MS. Among them ing in Paris, where she has often played
are 11 masses, 1 Requiem, 1 Te Deum, 12 at concerts. The Societe Philharmouique
Salve Regina, 12 Alma Redemptoris, 6 Ave produced her psalm, In esitu, in 1873, and
Regina, 7 Regina Coeli. A complete list is her Andante pastoral was played at the
to be found in the Annales quoted below. Chatelet Concerts iii 1877. She has pub-
Annales de la Societe des Beaux-Ai-ts lished songs under the pseudonym Her-
de Gand, vi. 114 Van der Straeten, i.
; mann Zenta. Other works Hero et :
205.
Leandre, opera, given at the Theatre du '
HOLLY, FRANZ ANDREAS, born at Chatelet, 1874 Astarte, Lancelot du Lac, ;
BCihmisch-Luba in 1747, died at Breslau, operas (MS.) Ireland, Poland, symphonies ;
May 4, 1783. Pianist, organist, and dra- for orchesti-a. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 1 ;
matic composer, pupil of the Jesuit College, Mendel, Ergiinz., 160.

Prague. He entered the Franciscan Order HOLMES, HENRY, born in London,
as a novice, but left that body in order to Nov. 7, 1839, still
follow the musical profession. He was di- living, 1889. Violin-

rector of music at the Kotzentheater in ist, brother of Alfred
Prague until 17G9, at Koch's Theatre in Ber- Holmes, with whom
lin until 1775, and then at Wiiser's in Bres- he travelled until
lau. He composed a great deal of music for 1865, when he went
the theatres with which he was connected, to Copenhagen and
notably the operettas Der Bassa von Tunis, Stockholm, and then
Die Jagd, Das Gilrtnei'miUlchen, Der Zau- London. settled in
berer. Das Gespenst, Gelegeuheit macht 4 symj^ho- Works :
Diebe, Das Opfer der Treue, Der Patriot nies, No. 1, in A,

auf dem Lande, DerTempel des Schicksals, given in London, Feb. 24, 1872 2 canta- ;
and several others. Fctis Wurzbach. tas. Praise Ye the Lord, and Christinas
; ;
HOLMES, ALFRED, born in London, Violin concerto, London, Dec. 11, 1875 ;
Nov. 9, 1837, died in Paris, March 4, 187G. Violin solos Concert overture 2 quintets ; ;
Violinist, pupil of his father, who was self- for stringed instruments Songs. Grove ; ;
taught played in public first with his Fetis, Supplement, i. 480 Mendel, Ergiinz.,
; ;
brother Henry, at the Haymarket Theatre, 160.

July 13, 1847 visited Brussels in 1855,
; HOLMES, WILLIAM HENRY, born in
Leipsic, Cassel, and other German cities in Sudbury, England, Jan. 8, 1812, died in
1856-57 then spent two years in Sweden, London, April 23, 1885. Pianist, pupil at
;
and played in Copenhagen in 18G0, and in the Royal Academy of Music ; won two
Amsterdam in 1861. In 1864 he settled in medals, and in 1826 became sub-professor
Paris, whence he travelled in Russia, Bel- of the pianoforte there. Later he became
gium, Holland; and Gei'many in 1867. full professor and principal. He made his
Works Inez de Castro, opera, given in
: debut as a pianist at the Philharmonic So-
Paris, about 1875. Symphonies Jeanne : ciety's Concerts in 1851, and played in con-
d'Arc, St. Petersburg, 1868 The Youth of ; certs as late as 1876. He was the instructor
Shakspere Robin Hood The Siege of
; ; of Sterudale Bennett, the two Macfarrens,
Paris Charles XII.
; Romeo and Juliet.; and of J. W. Davison. Works The Elfin :
Overtures The Cid, and The Muses, given

: of the Lake, opera Symiihonies Con- ; ;
HOLSTEIN
certos and sonatas for jjianoforte ; Songs. HOLTEN, KARL VON, born in Ham-
Grove. burg, July 26, 183G, still living, 1889. Pi-
HOLSTEIN, FEANZ (FREEDRICH) anist, pupU of Jacques Schmitt, Ave-Lalle-
VON, born at Bruns- ment, and Griidener, and, 185-4-56, at the
wick, Feb. 16, 182G, Conservatorium, Leipsic, of Moscheles,
died in Leipsic, May Plaidy, and Rietz. Since 1874 instructor
22, 1878. Dramatic at the Conservatorium in Hamburg. He
composer ; son of has comj)osed a Kindersyniphouie, a con-
an officer of bigh certo for pianoforte, a trio, a sonata for
rank, be entered the violin, pianoforte pieces, and songs. Men-
armj- by his jjarcnts' del ; Riemann.
desire, and secretly HOLY, HOLY, HOLY ! See nellig, hei-
studied music under lig, heilig.
Karl Richter. As a HOLYOKE, SAMUEL, born at Boxford,

young lieutenant he brought out, in a pri- Massachusetts, in 1771, died at Concord,
vate circle, his lirst ojsera, Zwei Nuehte in New Hamjishire, in 1816. A graduate of
Veuedig (1845), and after the campaign in Dartmouth College, he devoted himself to
Schleswig-Holstein composed a grand opera, music, of which he became a noted teacher.
Waverley, in five acts, which he sent to Mo- He was one of the earliest American com-
ritz Hauptmann at Leipsic, and was encour- posers and reformers of church music, and
aged by him to adopt nmsic as a profes- was among the first to discard fugued tunes,
sion. He resigned from the army in 1853, as being uusuited to public worship. His
and became a pupil of Hauptmann in Leii> tune Arnheim is still sung. Works Har- :
sic, where also he studied at the Conscr- monia Americana (Boston, 1791) ; The In-
vatorium, the pianoforte under Weuzel, strumental Assistant (vok i. 180G, vol. ii.
Plaidy, and Moscheles, theory and compo- j

1807, Exeter, N. H.) ; The Columbian Rc-
sition under Richter and Rietz. He then : pository of Sacred Harmony (Exeter, N. H,
travelled, was in Rome in 1850, Berlin, ; 1809) The Massachusetts Compiler (with
;
1858, Paris, 1859, and finally settled in Leip- Oliver Holden and Hans Gram, 1795).
sic, where he devoted himself to composi- HOLZB.IUER, IGNAZ, born in Vienna
tion, poetry, and drawing. He always wrote in 1711, died at Mannheim, April 7, 1783.
his own librettos. Works Operas Der : Dramatic composer, chiefly self-taught by
Haideschacht, given at Dresden, 18G9 Der ; study of Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum.
Erbe von Morley, comic opera, Leipsic, After a short visit to Venice, and having
1872 Die Hochliinder, Mannheim, 1876
;
;
obtained his father's consent to embrace
Lorelei, Frau Aventiure, overtures Bea- ; music as a profession, he became Kapell-
trice, scene for sojjrauo solo with orchestra ; meister to Count Rottal, in Moravia, and
in 1745 at the court theatre
in Vienna. In 1747-50 he
"^ .O'^Ciu. made a concert tour through

Italy with his wife, who was
a good singer ; then became
Kapellmeister to the Duke of
Trio for pianoforte and strings, and other Wiirtemberg at Stuttgart, and in 1753 to
chamber music ; Choruses for mixed and the Elector Palatine at Mannheim. He
male voices ; Songs. Allgem. d. Biogr., 1756 (Rome), 1757
visited Italy again in
xiii. 1 ; Illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 249 ; Mus. (Turin), and 1759 (Milan), to bring out
Wochenblatt, i. 2G1, 280. several operas. He is reckoned among
:
IIOLZBOGEN
the few learned and tlaorougbly informed after a concert tour through Germany, went
musicians, and was highly esteemed as a to Paris in 1838, and sang at the theatre in

composer by Mozart. Works Operas II Zurich in 1838-40. Returning then to Vi- :
figlio delle selve, given at Schwetzingen, enna, he became once more a member of
1753 ; Issipile, Mannheim, 1753 ; L' Iso/a the imperial opera, until some liberty he
disabitata, pastorale, Don Chi- took with the text of his part at a per-
ib., 1751 ;
sciotto, do., ib., 1755 ; Turin, 1757; formance of Marschner's Templer und Jii-
Nitteti,
Alcgsandro nell' Indie, Milan, 1759 Ippo- diu, led to his abrupt dismissal in 18G1.
;
lito ed Arricia, Mannheim, 17CS Adriano ; After this he gave concerts in Paris, Lon-
in Siria, ib., 1772 Giinther von Schwarz- ; don, etc., and in 1870 visited America. In
burg, ib., 177G Der Tod der Dido, melo-
; 1874: he reappeared for a short time at the
drama, ib., 1779 La clemenza di Tito, ib.,; comic opera in Vienna. He wrote popular
1780 Le nozze d' Arianna e di Bacco, Vi-
; songs, some sacred melodies, and piano-
enna, 1781 Tancredi, Munich, 1782 Ora-
; ; forte pieces.
Mendel, v. 256 Wurzbach. ;
torios : Isacco ; La Betulia liberata ; La HOLZHAUER, DER (The Wood-cutter),

morte di Gesii Giuditta II giudizio
; La ; Singspiel, by Georg Benda, first repre-
di Salomone 2G masses with orchestra
; ;
sented in Gotha, and in Berlin in 1771.
37 motets, do. 196 symjihonies, and 13
; HOLZL, FRANZ SEVERIN, born at
concertos for various instruments ; 18 quar- Malaczka, Hungary, March 11, 1808, died
tets for strings, etc. Allgem. d. Biogr., xiii. at Fiinfkirchen, ib.^ Aug. 18, 1881. Church
20 ; Fetis ; Gerbcr ; Musikalisehe Corres- composer, pupil in Vienna of Erasmus
pondenz, Oct., 1790, 107, 132 ; SchiUiug ;
Kessler and of Sej'fl'ried. In 1827-30 he
Wurzbach. was professor of thorough-bass at the Mu-
HOLZBOGEN, JOSEPH, died in Mu- sikverein of St. Anna, then for a year in
nich in 1779. Violinist in the court or- Poland, and after his return became very
chestra at Munich about the middle of the popular as a teacher. In 1811 he went as
18th century. He was sent to Italy by Duke director of the Musikverein to Innsbruck,
Clement in 1753, to complete his musical where he actively j)romoted musical life,
education under Tartini, and returned to and in 1813 became Kapellmeister of the
his former jJosition at Munich in 17G2. cathedral at Fiinfkirchen, Hungary. For
His compositions, consisting of violin his grand mass in D, dedicated to the Em-
concertos, trios, and quartets for wind peror of Austria in 1852, he received the
instruments, and church music, remain in gold medal for art and science. Works
manuscript. Mendel ; Fetis ; Gerber ;
Die Colonna, romantic opera (1817) Noah, ;
Schilling. oratorio, jiei'formed in Vienna, 1811 6 ;
HOLZDIEB, DER (The Wood Stealer), solemn masses 17 short do. 1 vocal do.
; ;
German comic opera, text by Friedrich for male voices 6 do. for mixed voices
; 1 ;
Kind, music by Heinrich Marschuer, repre- Grand Requiem for male voices and or-
sented in Dresden, March 22, 1825. All- chestra ; 5 short Requiems ; 3 Te Deums ;
gemeiue musikalisehe Zeitung (1825), 87. 13 Graduals 16 ofl'ertories 6 Tan turn ; ;
HOLZEL, GUSTAV, born in Pesth, ergo 2 Veni sanete spiritus 1 Ecce sacer- ; ;
Sept. 2, 1813, died in Vienna, March 3, dos 11 Vesper psalms 5 Vesper hymns ; ; ;
1883. The son of the director of the the- Ave maris stella, for soprano, with viola,
atre, he made his debut as a singer at violoncello, and organ 2 concert ; over-
Oedenburg, Hungary, in 1829. He sang tures for orchestra ; Symphony for do. ; 7
in Gratz in 1830 and 1832, at the imperial string quartets ; 3 quintets ; 2 sonatas for
opera in Vienna in 1833-37, at the Konig- pianoforte and violin ; Choruses for male
stiidter Theater in Berlin in 1837-38, and. voices ; Songs. Monatsschrift f. Theat u.
2S5
HOME
Mus. (1855), 264 N. Wiener Mus. Zeitg. tata Motets for all the Sundays and Feast
; ;
(1844), 44 Wurzbach.
;
days of the year 32 motets for 1 and 2 ;
HOME, SWEET H0:ME, melody iu the choirs, without orchestra Six German airs, ;
opera of Glan, or the Maid of Itlilan, by with pianoforte (Leijssic, 1768) Choralbuch ;
Hem-y Kowley Bishop, first represented at in 167 ChoriUeu Chor.albuch der zu Dres- ;
Coveut Garden Theatre, Loudon, May 8, den gewohnlicheu Kirchenmelodien Six ;
1823. It is caUed a
"Sicilian aii""in the
published music, but yj i 'lQ>^/^^h i:û4Ai<^J^rnil'^^^
it may have originated
with Bishop. It is best known through its trios for the organ ; 22 choral melodies,
adaptation to the words by John Howard varied and fugued. Most of these are in
Paine. the royal library at Berlin, and some in the
HOMEYER, JOSEPH ISUELA., born at archives of the Kreuzchor at Dresden. Fo-
Liiderode, in the Hartz, Sei:)t. 18, 1814, tis ; Gerber ; Schilling ; Winterfeld, iii. 434.
still living, 1889. Virtuoso on the organ, HOMMAGE A HANDEL, duo for two
became maestro di cappella to the Duke of pianofortes by Ignaz Moscheles, oji. 92,
Lucca and afterwards organist at Du-
; London,
written for Cramer's concert in
derstadt, Hanover. He composed sym- and first jjerformed there by the composer
phonies, organ and vocal music, and wrote and Cramer in 1822. Performed by Men-
a meritorious work, entitled Cantus Gre- delssohn and Ferdinand Hiller in LeijJsic,
gorianus. His nej'hew and pujiil, Paul Jan. 16, 1840.
Homeyer(born at Osterode, Oct. 20, 1853), HOMilE ARMli, L" (Lome arme, Lomme
is also an eminent player, organist at the armc), an old French chanson the melody
Gewandhaus, and instructor at the Con- of which was adopted by the composers of
servatoriura, Leipsic. Mendel. the 15tli and 16th centuries as the Cantus
HOiHUUS, GOTTFRIED AUGUST, firmus of a Mass called the Missa I'homme
born at Rosenthal, arme. The origin of the song is not known.
Saxony, Feb. On its theme, the melody of which is sim-
2, 1714, died in ple and unj)retendiug, many masses were
Dresden, June 1, written by eminent composers. Among
1785. Organist those who treated it are Guillaume Dufay, :
and church com- Antoine Busnois, Regis, Firmin Caron, Jo-

jioser, p u p i 1 of hannes Tiuctoris, Philippon de Bourges,
Bach, became or- Vincent Faugues, Orto, Vaqueras, Louis

ganist at theFrau- Compere, Antoine Brumel, Josquin Des-
enkirche in Dres- Ijrc'S, Pierre de la Rue, Mathieu Pipelare,
den iu 1742, can- Cristofano Morales, Palestrina, and Caris-
tor at the Kreuz- simi. Josquin's two masses on the subject
schule and director of music in the three are preserved in Petrucci (lib. i., Venice,
principal churches in 1755. He was one of 1502 lib. ii., ib., 1503). Palestrina's Missa
;
the most eminent organists and church com- rhomme arme', for five voices, is so con-
posers of the 18th century. Works Pas- structed that it may be sung in triple or in
:
sions-Cantate (1775) Die Freude der Hir- common time, the first edition (1570) giving
;
ten liber die Geburt Jesu, a Christmas ora- it in the former and the second (Venice,
torio (1777) Passion Cantata (No. 2)
; 1599) in the lattei-. Carissimi's 12-voice
;
Cantata for Pentecost, with orchestra do. mass on the subject, probably the last one
;
for Ascension Risuonatc, cari boschi, can- ever written, is in the Pontifical ChapeL
;

HONORIO
The title L'homme arme is given also to a 1772 Cupid's Revenge, 1772 Apollo and
; ;
French dance tune of the 15th or IGth cen- Daphne, 1773 The Lady of the Manor, ;
tury, the melody of which is wholly differ- 1778 Too civil by half, 1783 The Double
; ;
ent from that in the masses. Grove, ii. 126.

Disguise, 1784 The Fair Peruvian, 1786 ;
;
HONOEIO, KOMOALDO, Italian com- Jack of Newbury, 1795 Diamond cut Dia- ;
poser living in the middle of the 17th mond, 1797 Wilmore Castle, 1800 Sol- ; ;
century. He was a Camaldulian monk. dier's Return, 1805 Tekeli, 1808 Catch ; ;
Walther mentions masses and other church him who can, 1806 Music Mad, 1807 The ; ;
music by him, and one of his motets is found Fortress, 1807 The Siege of St. Quentin, ;
in the collection by Ambrosius Profe (Leip- 1808 KiUing no Murder, and Safe and
;
sic, lGJ:l-46). Fctis Mendel. ; Sound, 1809 The Country Wake Blanche ; ;
HONOUE AND ARMS, bass aria of Ha- and Edgar Coralie The Pledge The ; ; ;
rapha, in B-flat major, with accompaniment Cryer of Vauxhall Love and Virtue The ; ;
of violins in unison, and continuo, in Han- Wedding. The Ascension, oratorio, 1776 ;
del's Samson, Act II., Scene 4. Sonatas for pianoforte Concertos for or- ;
HONOUR AND JOY TO THE TRUE gan Rondos and transcri^Dtions 2,000 ; ;
AND THE BRAVE. See Oberon. catches, songs, and cantatas. Nearly all
HOOD, HELEN (FRANCIS), born, of his works have passed from memory, and
American jjarents, in Chelsea, Mass., June he is known only by a few songs, of which
28, 1863, still living, 1889. Studied harmony Within a mile o' Edinboro'Town, and Sweet
and composition under J. C. D. Parker, Lass of Richmond Hill, were among the most
John K. Paine, and G. W. Chadwick, and popular. Grove Mendel Fetis. ; ;
pianoforte under B. J. Lang. She is now HOPE ARIA. See Fidelio.

studying in Berlin, under Philipp Schar- HOPFE, (HEINRICH) JULIUS, born at
wenka and others. Works Songs, some Schloss-Heldrungen, Thuringia, Jan. 18,
:
published by Arthur P. Schmidt & Co. (Bos- 1817, still living, 1889. Destined for the
ton), others in MS. Part-songs Chamber church, he studied music whUe at the
; ;
music for strings in MS. Gymnasium of Eisleben under Karnstedt

HOOK, JAMES, born at Norwich, Eng- and the organist Giinthersberg, and from
land, iu 1746, died 1840 pupil of A. W. Bach and Rungenha-
at Boul o gn e ,
gen, while at the University of Berlin, where
France, iu 18 2 7. he afterwards settled to teach the piano-
Organist, pupil of forte and harmony, and conducted several
Garland, organist of instrumental musical societies. Works :
Norwich Cathedral; Die Auferweckung des Lazarus, oratorio

settled in London, (1850) Church cantatas
; Symphonies ; ;
where he was mu- Overtures Quintet for strings Trio and

; ;
s i c a 1 director at other chamber music Pianoforte pieces ;
Marylebone G a r - and songs. He published a Choralbuch,

dens in 1769-73, at and 2 Pianoforte methods. Mendel.
Vauxhall Gardens in 1774-1820, and many HOPFFER, (LUDWIG) BERNHARD,
years organist at St. John's, Horsleydown. born in Berlin, Aug. 7, 1840, died at Nie-
He was the father of James Hook, Dean of derwald, near Riidesheim, Aug. 21, 1877.
Worcester and writer on ecclesiastical sub- Dramatic composer pupil at Kullak's acad-
;
jects, and of Theodore Edward Hook, the emy (1857-60) of Kullak on the pianoforte,
noted journalist, novelist, and wit. Works Wohlers and Espenhahn on the violoncello,
Operas Dido, 1771 : The Divorce, 1781
; ;
and of Dehn and Wiierst in theory and com-
Trick upon Trick, 1772 II Dilettante, ; position. He travelled in Southern Ger-
287
:
HOPKINS
raauy, Switzerlainl, and Italy in 1872-75. Blind, Upper Norwood, London. Works :
Works : Fritbjof, opera, given in Berlin, Morning and Evening service in F do. in ;
1871 ; Barbarossa, Festspiel, ib., 1871 ; Sa- A do. in B-ilat Morning service in C
; ;
;
kuutala ; Der Student von Prag, comic op- Te Deum in A-flat Anthems Madrigals,
; ;
era Pbarao, for soli, choiiis, and orches-

;
songs, and organ compositions. His brother
tra Dartbulas Grabgesang, for do. The
; ; John (born, 1822), organist of Rochester
23d Psalm, for do. Symphonies, overtures, ; Cathedral since 1856, has composed an-
chamber music, and songs. Fetis, Supple- thems, organ music, and songs.
ment, ii. 3 ; Mendel. HOPKINS, JOHN LARKIN, boru
HOPKINS, (EDWARD) JEROME, born Westminster, London, in 1820, died at
in Burlington, Ver- Ventnor, Isle of Wight, April 25, 1873.
mont, April 4, 1836, Organist, cousin of preceding, was a chor-
still Uving, 18 89. ister in Westminster Abbey, and became
The son of John organist of Rochester Cathedral in 1841, of
Henry Hopkins, Trinity College, Cambridge, and the Uni-
Bishop of Vermont, versity, in 1856. Mus. Bac, Cambridge,
he was a student at 1842 Mus. Doc., ib., 1867. Works Ser- ; :
the University of vices in C and E-flat Te Deum in G An- ; ;
Vermont and after- thems 5 glees and a madrigal Songs and ; ;
wards studied chem- part-songs.

istry at the New York Medical College. He HOPPNER, KARL MAGNUS, born at
is self-taught in music, has been editor of Heida, near Riesa, Saxony, Aug. 6, 1837,
several music publications, and was the still living, in Dresden, 1889. Organist,
founder in 18G1 of the Orpheon Free pupil of Friedrich Wieck, Charles flayer,
Schools in New York. Works Samuel, Julius Otto, and Johann Schneider. Works
:
cantata for children, 1877 Dumb Love, Overture, Dresden, 1864 Sonatas for pi-
; ;
operetta for do., 1878; Taffy and old anoforte Organ music, mostly in MS. ;
Munch, do. Festival Vespers, for boy choir,

; Mendel.
2 chorus choirs, 1 echo choir, soli, 2 organs, HORACES, LES (The Horatii), lyric
and harj) obligate, 1876-77 Andante gra- tragedy in three acts, text by Guillard after
;
zioso in G, Adagio cantabile in D, AUegi'o Corneille, music by Salicri, represented at

moderato in A, Siciliano in G, and other the Academic Royale de Musique, Paris,
pianoforte music Songs. ; Dec. 7, 1786. Same text, music by Porta,
HOPKINS, EDWARD
JOHN, born at Op^ra, Paris, Oct. 18, 1800. Lajarte, i.
Westminster, London, 353 ii. 18. ;
June 30, 1818, still liv- HOR.iK, VACLAV EMANUEL, born at

ing, 1889. Organist, Mscheuo-Lobes, Bohemia, Jan. 1, 1800, died
pupil of T. F. Walmis- in Prague, Sejit. 4, 1871. Organist, church
ley, became organist of composei', and writer on music, pupil of
Mitcham Church, 1834, Josef Schubert was a good organist at the ;
of St. Peter's, Isling- age of twelve. He entered the Gymnasium

ton, 1838, of St. Luke's, at Prague in 1813, and while there sang in
London, 1841, and of the choirs and played the organ in different
Temple Church, ib., churches, at the same time studying com-
1843. Mus. Doc, Cam- position and theory from the works of Tiirk,
bridge, 1882; do.. Vogler, Albrechtsberger, and Cherubini.
Trinity College, Toronto, 1886. Professor He became a favourite teacher, and in 1833
of organ at Royal Normal College for the organist of the Theiukirche, in 1836 choir-
FUu
VSTCK. LENOX AND

;
HORCII
director of the Church of Maria-Schnee, in torio, renamed Satan, in London in 1845
1853 of the Adalbertskirche, and iu 1859 he became musical director of the Princess's
agaiu at the Theinkirche. In Bohemia he Theatre, returned to America in 1847,
was considered one of the most sterling and ]
and in 1847-48 conducted the Handel and
productive church composers of modern Haydn Society, Boston. Works Operas :
times. Works 11 masses, and a Requiem

: The Magic Bride, London, 1810 Tricks ;
upon Travellers, 1810 The Bee Hive, 1811

for voices and orchestra, besides two masses ; ;
and two Eequiems for voices only Te The Boarding House, 1811 Rich and Poor,
; ;
Deum, graduals, offertories, etc. He pub- 1812 The Devil's Bridge, 1812 Godol- ; ;
lished a work on harmony (Leipsic, IS-IG). phin, the Lion of the North, 1813 The ;
Heiudl, Gallerie der beriihmten Pildago- Ninth Statue, 1814 The Woodman's Hut, ;
gen, etc. (Munich, 1859), i. 294 Mendel 1814 Charles the Bold, 1815 The Persian
; ; ; ;
Wurzbach. Hunters, 1817 The Election, 1817 The ; ;
HORCH, LIEBCHEN, HORCH ! See Wizard, 1817 ; Dirce, 1821 ; Philandering,

Stradella. Fetch, 1826; Peveril1824; The Death
HOEE, ISRAEL, aria for soprano, in B
182G Pay to my order, 1827of the Peak, ;
;
minor, in Mendelssohn's Eiias, No. 21. Honest Frauds, 1830 Lalla Rookh, given ;
HORN, AUGUST, born at Freiberg, Sax- at Dublin about 1820 Annette, given in ;
ony, Sept. 1, 1825, still living, 1889. Com- Loudon Nourjahad M. ; ; P. Oratorios : The
poser, pupil at the Leipsic Conservatorium ;
Remission of Sin, and Daniel's Prediction ;
has lived in Leipsic with the exception of Christmas Bells, cantata Set of canzonets. ;
the years 18G2-G8, which he passed in Dres- Songs for The Merry Wives of Windsor,
den. He has made a name by his clever 1823 Many songs, ballads, and glees. Of
;
arrangements of symijhonies, operas, etc., his songs, Cherry Ripe, I know a bank, and
for the pianoforte for four and eight bands, I've been roaming, still survive. Grove ;
and for two pianofortes ; he composed also Fctis do.. Supplement,

; ii. 4 Ireland, ;
overtures for orchestra, pianoforte pieces Records of the New York Stage, 542.
and songs, and an opera Die Nachbarn, : HORN, HEINRICH, born of German
given at Leipsic, 1875.
Mendel Riemann. ; parentage in Paris, 1789, died ('?). Vir-
HORN, CHARLES EDWARD (Karl tuoso on the harp, pupil of J. B. Mayer in
Eduard), born at St. Martiu's-in-the-Fields, London, whither he went at the age of ten,
London, June 21, 178G, died in Boston, and where he began to appear in concerts
Mass., Oct. 1, 1819. Dramatic composer, in 1805. From 1808 he studied under
son and pupil of Karl Friedrich Horn Jean Elouis, with whom he travelled for
(17G2-1830) taught singing by Rauzzini.
;
four years in Scotland and Ireland, and then
He appeared as a singer iu English ojsera settled in Loudon, to teach his instrument.
in 1809, and the following year composed Works 15 airs and preludes for the harp ;
:
and produced an opera. The Magic Bride Many rondos, variations, etc., ;
for do. ;
studied singing under Thomas Welsh and Method for do. Fetis Mendel. ;
reappeared iu 1814, when his connection HORN, JOHANN KASPAR, German

with the theatres as composer and singer jurist, and amateur composer, liviug iu
lasted many years. In 1833 he went to Dresden iu 1664-81. He composed several
America, introduced several English operas instrumental and vocal works, in collections
at the Park Theatre, New York, and afterwhich appeared in five separate jârts, pub-
wards became an importer and publisher of lished under the title of Parergon musicum
music. During his stay he gave also an (Leipsic, 1G64). Other similar collections,
oratorio. The Remission of Sin. He republished in 1677, contained courantes,

turned to England in 1843, gave his ora- allemandes, etc., for five instruments. He
%9
HOEN
Conservato-
published also Arias and Canzonetti, with matic composer, pupil at *'^^
and rium '" Southern
accompauiment of five violins or flutes of Leipsic in 1850. T^^^'^
basso coutiuuo (Frankfort, 1G78). Men-
Switzerlani ^'"^^ "P'
Germany and '
del Gerber Schilling Fetis ; Walther.

; ; ; pointed professor at the C<î^servatorium of
HORN, FRIEDRICH, born at Munich in 1873. He has composed oper-
KARL
^^'^'^ successfully
Nordhausen, Saxony, Ajnil 13, 1762, died ettas and ballets, which
Stuttgart
at Windsor, England, Aug. 5, 1830. Or- produced at the court the.-J'*^^'^^ ^
ganist, Nordhausen and Munich,
pujjil of SchrOter at pub'^^l^^'^^ pianoforte
and has ;
went when twenty years old to Loudon, music and songs. Mendel"
where he gave lessons and became music- HORR, PETER, born af Kleiusteinheim,
master in ordinary to Queen Charlotte and near Hanau, July 13, 180'' ^^^^'^ ()
^^
Offenbach set-
the jjrincesses, which jiosition he held until auist, pupil of vJllweiler at ;
^'"^^ composed
1811. In 1823 hesucceeded William Sex- tled at Frankfort in 1828, a""-^
Piiinoforte f"^'
ton as organist of St. George's very useful instructive worl'^
Chapel, ;
^'' ^''' ^^""^^

Windsor. Works : 6 sonatas for pianoforte, published a practical methP'^
Î'ûged many
violin, and bass ; 12 sonatas for pianoforte became widely known, and
^"i" Piî"oforte,
and flute 12 military divertimentos 12
; ; classical works very skilful'^'
themes with variations for pianoforte, vio- four hands. Mendel.
lin, and violoncello. He was author of a HOESLEY, CHARLES EDWARD, born
'^''^'^ ^^ ^^'''
Treatise on Thorough-Bass, and with Sam- in London, Dec. 15, 1821'
uel Wesley edited an English edition of York, JIarch 2, 1876. Piaî^^' ""'"^ P""
^^"^^^^^^^ ^'^^
Sebastian Bach's Wohltemperirte Clavier pil of Dr. William Horsl'^^ '
(London, 1810). Mendel Grove Fetis. ; ; pianoforte under Moschel^^'

''^"''^
^^ ^^''''-
^fissel to study
HORNEMAN, EMIL CHRISTIAN, born delssohn's advice went to
in Copenhagen, Dec. under Hauptmann he li^*^'^' afterwards m
;
Leipsic and enjoyed the fpendship

and in-
1889. Sou and pupil struction of Mendelssohn;
O" ^^"^ i'^*"
oi'S'inist of St.
of Johan Ole Euiil to England he became
Pi'oJiiced several
Horneman, and pupil John's, Netting Hill, and
Gideon, in the
at the Leijjsic Conser- oratorios, David, Joseph,
vatorium in 1857-60. succeeding years, besides '^^tê"^ f^^' ^^^
{'l^'"""''' Liverpool
P
He has been, since consecration of Fairfield
1879, head of a Con- (185i) music for Milto'^''* ^'^''^' '^^''J
;
etc. In 1868
servatory of Music in pieces for pianoforte,soi^S^'
Copenhagen. Works : he went to Australia, wher^ ^^
^te an ode,
'''''^ orchestra,
Aladin, overture for orchestra ; Heldenleben, Euterpe, for soli, choru^
do. ; Cai^rices for pianoforte ; Miniatur- which was giveu at the opP'"g ^ ^^'^ ôwn
Bilder for do., op. 20 'ô" afterwards
; Songs, etc. Hall, Melbourne, in 1870.
States. -Grove
HORNEMAN, JOHAN OLE EiHL, born he removed to the Unite^^ ;
at Copenhagen, 1809, died there. May 29, Fetis "' ^ Niemann

do., Supplement, ;
;
1870. Vocal composer, whose songs be- Mendel.

came extremely popular in Denmark. His HORSLEY, WILLIATÎ' 1^'" ^"^ London,
Tappere Landsoldat acquired the impor- Nov. 15, 1774, died ther^' J""^ 12, 1858.
tance of a national melody in the Schleswig- He was articled, when sixteen, to Theodore
Holsteiu campaign of 1864, and was widely Smith, pianist; became oi'S^nist of Ely
known even abroad. '^^î'^^'* ''8'^"'^t
Chapel, Holborn, and late'"
HORNSTEIN, ROBERT VON, born in to Dr. Callcott at the A^y^""^ f^" ^^'"'^'^
Mus. Bac.
Stuttgart in 1833, still living, 1889. Dra- Orphans. In 1800 he gr.^ûated
aw
; ;
HOESLET
at Oxford, in 1802 succeeded Callcott as organist, then in Vienna pupil of Moscheles
organist at the Asylum, and in 1812 be- on the pianoforte, and of Emanuel Forster
came organist also in thorough-bass and harmony ; first ap-
at Belgrave Chapel, jjeared in 23ublic in 1819. He settled in
Halkiu Street, Gros- Vienna and devoted himself to composition.
V e n o r Place. In Works : Grand concerto for pianoforte
1837 he was chosen Music for Eaupach's drama, Der Miiller und
organist of the seiu Kind, and for Grillparzer's Des Meeres
Charter House, still und der Liebe Welleu Masses Fantasias ; ;
retaining his other on operas, and other music for pianoforte.

positions. Mendels- Mendel Wurzbach Fetis Schilling.
; ; ;
sohn began in 1829 HORZIZKY, FEANCISCUS, born in

a friendship with the 1756, died in Berhu, Oct. 25, 1805. Dra-
family, which be- matic composer, private secretary in 1780-
came intimate and lasting. Works "When 95, to Prince Heinrich of Prussia, at Rheius-
:
Israel came out of Egypt, anthem, written berg, for whose jn-ivate theatre he com-
about 1800 5 collections of Glees Collec- posed the following French operas Titus,
; ;
;
tion of 40 Canons Collection of Psalm 1781

; Les Peruviens, 1782 Pertharite,
; ;
Tunes with Interludes, 1828 Sonatas and 1783

;
Solimau, 1785 Antigone, 1787
; ; ;
other pieces for the pianoforte ; Many Le maitre de

single Oreste, 1789 ; Le serrurier,
glees. By Celia's arbour. Mine be the cot, musique, Auacruon, 1791 Le jugemeut de ;
O Nightingale, etc. He was avithor of " An Paris, Olympic, 1792 Pagamin de Mo- ;
Explanation of the jNIajor and Minor Scales." negue, 1793 Alexandre, Alzire, 1794. Fe- ;
Grove, i. 7.53; Moore, 139; Mendel, v. tis Gerber. ;
30C ; Fetis, iv. 370. HOSA, THOMAS, born at Melnik, Bo-

HORTA Y LLEOPART, ANASTASIO, hemia, in the first half of the 18th century,
born in the second half of the ISth cen- died at Brussels, May 16, 1786. Virtuoso
tury, died at Barcelona, Spain, Feb. 12, on the horn ; with his brother Georg, who
1813. Organist, pupil of Jose Maseras, was equally he made extensive
proficient,
and in composition of Andrevi and Queralt concert tours, on which they acquired fame
was organist successively of several churches and a considerable fortune. At Brussels
at Barcelona, and famous for his talent of they entered the service of Duke Charles
improvising. He composed for the organ of Lorraine. He composed several con-
and for the voice with organ accomjDani- certos and duos for his instrument. Georg

ment. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 4. (died in Brussels, 17G6) left no composi-
HORTENSE (Eugenie de Beauharnais), tions. Wurzbach.
Queen of Holland, Duchess of Saint-Leu, HOTELLERIE PORTUGAISE, L', ope-
born in Paris, April 10, 1783, died at Viry, by Saint-Aignan,
ra comique in one act, text
Oct. 5, 1837. Vocal composer, pupil of music by Cherubini, represented at the The-
Plantade her romance Paiiant pour la
; atre Feydeau, Paris, July 25, 1798. It is
Syrie came into vogue about 1810, and has Cherubini's 117th opera, and is chiefly re-
"
been very popular in France since 1852. membered for the trio, " Que faire, 6 ciel !
A collection of her melodies and romances The overture is gay, but not one of his
was published in Paris, 1856. Fetis. best. The introduction is written some-
HORZALKA, JOHANN EVANGELIST, what in the style of Spohr. Published by
born at Triesch, Moravia, Dec. 6, 1798, Breitkopf & Hiirtel.
died at Penzing, near Vienna, Sept. 9, 1860. HOTTETERRE (Hoteterre, Hauteterre),

Pianist, first instructed by his father, an LOUIS, called Le Eomain, from having lived
2n
H07EN
in Rome, the best flute plnj-er of tlie close Overture to Burg Thaya, for full orchestra ;
of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th Festlied, for solo, chorus, and orchestra,
centuries. The son of Henri Hotteterre Vienna, 1843 ; Chor der Wafifeuschmiede,
(died, 1683), a wind-iustrument maker, he for do. ; 2 masses, besides graduals and
became a member of the king's baud, and ofi'ertories ;
Quartet for strings ; Sonatas,
served as first flute at the courts of Louis dances, marches, variations, etc., for piano-
XrV. and Louis XV. He composed a great forte ; 15 four-part songs for male voices,
deal for his instrument, and wrote several op. 20, 45, 49 ; Duets, op. 12, 13, 29,
theoretical works, princijjally interesting 53 ; Balladen, Romanzen, Lieder, etc., op.
now as part of the history of music in 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14-18, 21-28, 30-44, 46-48,
France. His " Principes de la flute," etc. 51, 52, 54-57, Die Heimkehr (on 28 poems
(Paris, 1G99), and " L'art de proluder sur from Heine's Reisebilder), and others with-
la flute," etc. 1712), passed through
(ib., out opus number. Album zum Besten
several editions. His brother Nicolas (died nothleidender Kiinstler, etc. (Vienna, 1851),
in Paris, 1695), was bassoonist of the royal 136 ; Gassner, Univ. Lex. der Tonkiinst,
orchestra in 1668, and one of the twelve 866 ; Hanslick, Gesch. d. Cone, in Wien,
Grande Ecurie. He left in 367, 379 N. fr. Presse, Oct. 30, Nov. 27,
oboists of the ;
MS. a book of dance music in six parts. 1883 Sonntagsbliitter (Vienna, 1843), 669
;
Fetis Mendel
; Gerber Kiemann.
; (1846), 1224 (1847), Beilage, 450
;
Wiener ;
HOVEN, JOHANN (pseudonym of Bar- Allgem. Theat. Zeitg. (1851), 841 Wurz- ;
on Vesque von Piittlingen), born at Castle bach Johann Vesque von Puttlingen (J. Ho-
;
Opole, Galicia, July 23, 1803, died in Vi- ven), Eine Lebensskizze, etc. (Vienna, 1887).
enna, Oct. 29, 1883. Dramatic composer, HOWARD, SAMUEL, born in London
pupil in Vienna of Leidesdorf, iMoscheles, in 1710, died there, July 13, 1782. He was
and Worîschek on the pianoforte, of Vogel chorister of the Chapel Royal, and studied
and Ciccimara in singing, and of Sechter under Pepusch organist of St. Clement;
in composition. He was intimate with Danes and St. Bride's, Fleet Street Mus. ;
Schubert, greatly influenced musical life in Doc, Cambridge, 1769. Works Music for :
Vienna, where he conducted the music fes- the Amorous Goddess, or Harlequin Mar-
tivals in the imperial winter Manage, and ried, opera, Drury Lane, 1744 Cantatas ; ;
took active part in the reorganization of Sonatas and concertos This is the day, an- ;
the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, threat- them (published, 1792), and other anthems.
ened with dissolution by the disorders of Jlany of his songs are in contemporary col-
1848. He became its vice-president, and lections. The psalm tunes Howard and St.
director of the Couservatorium founded bj* Bride's are by him. Grove.
it. His songs, esjiecially those on Heine's HOW
BEAUTIFUL ARE THE FEET,
poems, rank very highly, and were com- aria for soprano, in G minor, with accom-
mended by such men as Schumann, Berlioz, paniment of violins in unison, and continuo,
Ambros, and Hanslick. Grand gold medal in Handel's The Messiah, No. 36.
of Austria for art and science, besides other HOWGHiL, WILLIAM, English organ-
Austrian and foreign decorations. Works ist of the 18th century. He was organist
Operas Elena, ossia la donna del lago, at Whitehaven in 1794, and afterwards in
:
given in Vienna, 1830 Turandot, ib., 1838 London.

; He published organ voluntaries,
;
Johanna d'Arc, ib., 18-tO Liebeszauber, ib., Ijsalms, and anthems. Grove Fetis.
; ;
1845 Eiu Abenteuer Karls H., ib., 1850

;
;
HOW
LOVELY ARE THE MESSEN-
Der lustige Rath, Lips Tullian, oder die GERS, see Wie lieblich sind die Boten.
Ente, both in "Weimar, 1852-56 (under HOYLAND, JOHN, born in Sheffield,
Liszt's direction) Burg Thaya, not given England, in 1783, died at Louth, Lincoln-
; ;
292
HOYOUL
sbire, Jau. 18, 1827. Organist, pupil of quently of the Concerts de Paris, where he
William Mather, organist of St. James's succeeded Musard tils. He became director
Church, Sheffield, whom he succeeded in at the Alcazar, finally at the Bouffes Parisiens,
1808. Ill 1818 he removed to Loutb, where and Folies-Bergere. Works: Le tour de
he became organist of the parish church. moulinet, operetta, Bouftes Parisiens, 1874 ;
He composed anthems and other sacred La belle Lina, oijera-bouffe, Athenee, 1875 ;
music, besides songs and pianoforte music. Les deux loups de mer, saynete (interlude),
Grove ; Fetis. Casino d'Enghien, 1876
Rieu qu'un jour, ;
HOYOUL, BAUDOUIN, born at Braine- opera

comique, Fantaisies
- Parisiennes,
le-Comte, Belgium, about 1540. Contra- Brussels, 1876 Un amour dans le dos,;
puntist, was in the service of the Duke of Heloise et Abeilard, Ravigore et CoUodium,
Wurtemberg. He published a book of mo- Prisounier par amour, Une fausse Gelatine,
tets (Nuremberg, 1587), in which he desig- Les gi-ignotteuses, etc., operettas played
nates the place of his birth. Fetis
Mendel, at divers cafes-concerts Airs for the vaude-
; ;
Ergiinz., 162 ; Gerber. ville Les femmes qui font des scenes Ro- ;
HRABE, JOSEPH, born at Bubensch, mances and chansonnettes. Fetis, Supple-

near Prague, in 181G, died at Prague, March ment, ii. 5.
19, 1870. Virtuoso on the double-bass, pu- HUBENE, LOUIS, born at Bruges, con-
pil of Hause at the Conservatorium, Prague, temjjorary. Dramatic composer, pupil of
where he was appointed professor of his in- Berget, his uncle, who had studied under
strument in 1815, only two years after hav- Cherubini. He became communal bell-
ing completed his studies. He educated a player and organist of one of the principal
large number of eminent pujjils, and com- churches in his native city. Besides church
posed concertos, variations, fantasias, etc., music and many pianoforte iîeces, he has
besides excellent methods and etudes for composed the Flemish operas : Baudewyn
his instrument. Mendel. van Constantiuoplen, given at Bruges, 1853 ;
HRAZEK, Pater IRENAUS, born at Willem Beukels Bertha of maed en Hel- ;

Schan, Bohemia, in 1725, died at Kenkers, dendaed. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 5.
ib., April 13, 1777. Virtuoso on the viola HUBER, FELIX, born at Berne, Feb.
d' amore studied in Prague.
; He entered 23, 1810, still living, 1889. Vocal composer,
the Johannesorden, travelled through Ger- published a collection of the mountain songs
many and Italy as its inspector, and played of Switzerland,
6 Schweizer-Lieder Lieder ;
in concerts for its benefit. His sonatas for fiir eidgenossische Krieger Lieder fiir ;
the viola d' amore were much prized by ama- Schwelzer Jiiuglinge, etc. (Berne). Fetis.
teurs of that class of music.
Fetis. HUBER, HANS, born at Schr.newerd,
HÎMALY, ADALBERT, born at Pilsen, Switzerland, June 28, 1852, still living, 1889,
Bohemia, July 30, 1842, still living, 1889. at Basel. Dramatic composer, pupil at the
Violinist, pupil of Mildner, became con- Leipsic Conservatorium, 1870-74, of Richter,
ductor of the orchestra at Gothenburg in Reinecke, and Wenzel taught music pri-;
1861, at the National Theatre in Prague in vately for two years at Wesserling, then at
1868, at the German theatre there in 1873, the Music School in Thann, Alsace, and later
and at Czernowitz, Bukowina, in 1875. His at the Music School of Basel. Works Pan- :
opera. The Enchanted Prince (1871), is a dora, cantata for soli, chorus, and orchesti'a,
standard piece in the repertory of the Na- op. 66 AussOhnung, do. for male chorus
;
tional Theatre, Prague.

Riemann. and orchestra Lustsjsiel-Ouverture, op. 50
; ;
HUBANS, CHARLES, born in France Tell Symphonie, op. G3 Sommerniichte, ;
about 1820, still living, 1889. Oboist, chef serenade, op. 87 ROmischer Karneval, for ;
d'orchestre of the Cirque d'Hiver, subse- orchestra Concerto for pianoforte, op. 36
; ;
;
HUBEE
do. for violin, op. 40 ; Trios, ojj. 30, 65 ;
Maerlant's zang, for male chorus ;Serenade,
Trio-Pliantasie, op. Si ; Suite for pianoforte s'avonds als ik slapen ga ; chorus for chil-
and violin, op. 82 ; do. for pianoforte and dren's voices ; Suite for orchestra ; Coucei'to
violoncello, op. 89 Sonatas for violin, op. for pianoforte Songs. Fetis, Supplement,
; ;
18, 42, 67 Sonata for violoncello, op. 33 ii. 6 Gregoir, Documents, i. 42 Viotta.
; ; ; ;
Sonatas and suites for 2 and 4 hands, HUCBALD (Hugbaldus, Ubaldus, Uchu-
fugues, etc., for pianoforte Songs and clio- baldus), born about 840, died at Saint-
;
ruses. In manuscript Florestan, fairy op- Amand, June 25 or Oct. 21, 930, or June 20,
:
era 3 string quartets Das woliltemperirte 932.

;
He studied music at the monaster}' of
;
Klavier, for 4 bands, etc. Riemann.

Saint- Amand, near Tournay, with his uncle
HUBER, JOSEPH, born at Sigmariugen, Milo, who became jealous of his musical
April 17, 1837, died at Stuttgart, April 23, ability and drove him awaj'. He retired to
1886. Dramatic composer, pupil at Stern's Nevers, where be opened a school and
Couservatorium in Berlin of Leopold Ganz taught music studied at Saint-Germain ;
on tbe violin, and of Marx in barmony and d'Auxerre about 860 succeeded his uncle at ;
composition later pupil of Eduard Singer Saiut-Amand in 872 and having educated pu-
; ;
and Peter Cornelius iu Weimai*. He be- pils capable of replacing him, went to Saint-
came a violinist iu tbe orchestra of tbe Bertiu in 883, to direct a similar schooL
Prince of Hechingeu at LOwenberg, and in Called to establish again the old church
1SG4 was made Conzertmeister of the Eu- schools at Rheims about 893, he returned to
terjDe orchestra, Leipsic, whence be went Saiut-Amand iu 900, and never again left
to Stuttgart as violinist iu the Royal orches- it. His work on harmony is remarkable as
tra iu 18G5. Besides two operas, Die Rose being the earliest in which rules are illus-
von Libanoii, 1870, and Irene, he coiuj)Osed trated by practical examples. Works Liber :
four symphonies, in one movement, many Ubaldi peritissimi musici de harmonica in-
songs, and instrumental music. Mendel stitutione Alia musica Hucbaldi Monachi
; ;
Riemann. Elnonensis Musica Encbiriadis. Ambros,

HUBER, KARL, born at Vai-jas, Hun- ii. 122 Fctis Gerber Mendel Schilling.
; ; ; ;
gary, July 1, 1828, died at Pesth, Dec. 20, HUGH-CASS, French dramatic ,
1885. Dramatic composer, and violinist, composer, contemporary. He was chef

professor of violin at the Conservatorium d'orcbestre of tbe Casino at Marseilles in
and Kapellmeister at the National Theatre 1856, and of the theatre at Toulon iu 1874.
in Pesth. Works Operas : Szekler Girls, Works : La croix de Jeannette, opt'ra-co-
1858 ; Jolly King's Kiss, mique, given at Marseilles, Grand Theatre,
Fellows ; The

1875. Riemann. 1865 La ronde de uuit, ojiei-etta, ib., Alca- ;
HUBERTI, GUSTAVE LlCON, born in zar, 1872 Le legataire de Grenade, lyrical ;
Brussels, April 14, 1843, still living, 1889. drama, Toulon, 1874 Une revue a Tro- ;
Pupil at tbe Brussels Conservatoire, where pigny-les-Oursius, saynete burlesque. Fe-

be won tbe second prize, 1863, for bis can- tis. Supplement, ii. 8.
tata Paul et Virginie, and the Grand Prix HUGOT, A., surnamed le Jeune, born in
de Rome, 1865, for his cantata La fille de Paris in 1761, died there, Sept. 18, 1803.
Jejjbte. Since then bis compositions have Flute player, pupil of Atys. He was first
been purely Flemish in character, as he is flute at tbe Theatre des Bouffous Italiens in
one of the upholders of the modern Flem- 1789, afterwards of the Opera Comique, at
ish school. Works De laatste Zonnestral, tbe Feydeau, and professor at the Conserva-
:
Flemish oratorio Willem van Orauje's toire at its formation. He was distinguished
;
dood, cantata for chorus, baritone solo, and by bis finished flute playing at the Concerts
orchestra In de gaarde, Conzertstuck
; Feydeau iu 1796-97. Commissioned by ;
294
HUGUENOTS
the Conservatoire to prepare a method for Catholic. Raoul consents but, recogniz- ;
the flute, he died before the work was fin- ing Valentine as one whom he had rescued
ished it was completed on his plan by Wun- from insult, and whom he believes to love
;
derlich, and was published in their joint another, rejects her, and is challenged by
names as " Methode de fliUe adoptee, etc., Saiut-Bris. Valentine is then commanded
par le Conservatoire de Musique " (Paris, to many the Comte de Nevers. While in
ISOJr). It was translated into German, and the chapel at j)rayer she overhears the plot
has been published also in short abridge- to assassinate Raoul, and tells Marcel, who,
ments in Leipsic, Bonn, Mainz, and Vienna. with a band of Huguenots, rescues his mas-
Works G concertos for flute 6 trios for 2 ter. The combat about to follow is sup-
: ;
flutes and bass, op. 6 6 duos for flutes, op. pressed by Marguerite.
; Raoul discovers
1 ; do., op. 2 do., op. 4
; do., op. 7 do., that Valentine loves him, and before her
; ;
op. 9 ; 2i duos faciles ; G sonatas for flute ;

marriage seeks a last interview, which is
do. for flute and bass, op. 12 ; Variations interrupted by the entrance of De Nevers,
for flute, op. 5. Fetis
Mendel. ; Saint-Bris, and other Catholic noblemen.
HUGUENOTS, LES, grand opera in five Valentine hides Raoul behind the tapestries,
acts, text by Scribe and Emile Descharaps, where he hears the plan for the slaughter
music by Meyerbeer, first represented at the Huguenots on St. Bartholomew's
of
the Academie Eoyale de Musique, Paris, Eve, and witnesses the blessing of the
Feb. 29, 1836. The action takes place in swords. Raoul joins his party and, during
1572, in Touraine and Paris. The first act the festivities given at the marriage of Mar-
guerite with the King of Navarre, warns his
friends. He then goes to a chapel to
which the Huguenots have fled, and finds
Marcel, who has been wounded. Valentine
joins him, and they are united by Marcel.
After singing the trio, " Savez-vous qu'en
joignant vos mains dans les tenebres," they
chant the Lutheran hymn, " Ein' feste
Burg," which has already been heard in the
opera, and perish in the massacre. The
fourth act Meyerbeer's most dramat-
is
ic composition. At first it closed with the

Benediction des poignards, " A cette cause
sainte," but at the suggestion of Nourrit,
Meyerbeer added the duet between Raoul
and Valentine, "Oh jevais? se- . . . .
courir mes frcres" " Tu I'as dit, oui tu

;
Giuseppe Mario.
m'aimes," which forms a striking contrast.
begins with a chorus of revellers, " Bonheur, At this climax the opera is sometimes
de la table," in the salon of the Comte de brought to a close. Among the best num-
Nevers, among whom are the Huguenots bers are The romance, "Plus blanche que
:
Raoul de Nangis and bis servant Marcel. la blanche hermine," accom23anied by the
A page, Urbain, entei's, sent by Marguerite viola d' amore the j)age'scavatina, "Nobles
;
de Valois, to invite Kaoul to her chateau, seigneurs, salut!" the aria, "O beau pays
;
where, to reconcile the two religious fac- de la Touraine " the duet, "Beaute divine,
;
tions, she offers him the hand of Valentine, enchanteresse " and the duet of Marcel and
;
daughter of the Comte de Saint-Bris, a Valentine, " Dans la nuit oil seul je veille."
295
:
HULDIGUNGS-MARSCH
This is the most poi)ular of Meyerbeer's among which are : A Scherzo for the piano-
three greatest works. Up to Dec. 31, 1876, forte, by Czerny, op. 407 (Breitkopf &
thisopera had received 620 representations Hiirtel, Leipsic, 1836) ; and a Transcription,
iu Paris. The Bourbons prohibited its per- Fantaisie dramatique, for the pianoforte, by
formance on account of the jjlot. Original Liszt, op. 83 (Hofmeister, Leipsic, 1880).
cast Schumann disliked the Huguenots intensely,
and published a criticism in the Neue Zeit-
Valentine
Marguerite Mme
Falcon.
IVIlle
Dorus-Gras.
schrift (1837), No. 19. Liszt, Gesamm.
Schr., ii. 64 Lajarte, ii. 152
; Clement et ;
Urbaiu IMlle Flecheux.
Larousse, 347 Hanslick, Moderne Oper,
;
Eaoul M. Ad. Nourrit.
143 Athenaeum (1848), 731 Allgem. mus.
; ;
Marcel M. Levasseur.
Zeitung, xxxviii. 195, 249 xxxix., 259 xl., ; ;
Le comte de Nevers M. Derivis.

208 Upton, Standard Operas, 138.
;
Le comte de Saint-Bris IVL Serda.

HULDIGUNGS-MARSCH (March of
Performed in Leipsic, April 9, 1837 ; in Honiage), by Wagner, written in 1864,
Dresden, March 23, 1838 and in Berlin, for the coronation of Ludwig II. of Bavaria,
;
May 20, 1842, Mme Schroder-Devrient ap- published in 1869. The original score for
pearing in each place as Valentine. For the military band remains in MS. The pub-
latter representation Meyerbeer condensed lished version for orchestra wâs begun by
the opera into four acts. After hearing this Wagner and the scoring finished by RaE
performance, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Liszt also wrote a march under this title in
appointed Meyerbeer General Music Di- 1853, for the accession of Duke Carl of Saxe-
rector of Berlin. First represented in Lon- Weimar.
don by a German opera company iu 1842 HULLAH, JOHN (PYIvE), born at Wor-
;
in Italian, as Gli Ugonotti, at Covent Gar- cester, England, June 27, 1812, died in
den, July 20, 1848, for which ]Meyerbeer Loudon, Feb. 21, 1884. Vocal composer,
adapted the score, transposed the jjart of pupil in 1829 of William Horsley, and at
the page for Mile Alboni, and wrote an ad- the Royal Academy of Music iu 1832 of
ditional cavatina for her. The cast was Crivelli in singing.
: In 1841 he opened a
school at Exeter Hall for the instruction of
Valentine Mme Viardot. teachers of day and Sunday schools iu vocal
Marguerite Mme Castellan. music, by a system based ou that of Wil-
Urbain Mile Alboni.
hem in Paris, and so great was its success
Raoul Sig. Mario.
that, from 1840 to 1860, about 25,000 per-
Marcel Sig. Marini.
sons passed through his classes. A series
Le comte de Nevers Sig. Tagliafico.
concerts in which his more advanced
of
Le comte de Saint-Bris Sig. Tamburini.
pupils appeared was given by him in St.
First given in New York, June 24, 1850, with Martin's Hall, from 1850 to 1860. He was
Steffanone as Valentine, Bosio as Margue- appointed professor of vocal music iu
rite, antl Salvi as Eaoul. Performed in Ger- King's College, London, in 1844 resigned ;
man at the Metropolitan Opera House, New in 1874, but held similar appointments in
York, Nov. 28, 1888, with Frau Moran- Queen's College and Bedford College, Lon-
Olden as Valentine. The score was pub- don, in 1879 ; conductor of concerts at
lished by Brandus (Paris), and Breitkopf Royal Academy 1870-73 or- of Music in ;
& Hiirtel (Leipsic) with ;pianoforte ar- ganist of the Charter House in 1858 con- ;
rangement by Ch. Schwencke (Schlesinger, ducted concerts of the children of the met-
Paris). Jlany pot-pourris and arrangements ropolitan schools at the Crystal Palace for
of aii's from this work have been made. many years ajipointed insiêctor of train-;
HULLMANDEL
ing schools for the United Kingdom in a prize. His duet. Come again, his trio.
1872. Received degree of LL.D. from Uni- Tell me where my Love reposes, and his
versity of Edinburgh in 1876 was made glees, The Sun Dial, and Hasten Soft Breeze,
;
member of the Society of St. Cecilia in were jjopular. He wrote also anthems, and
Rome, and of the Musical Academy in Flor- psalm and hymn tunes, and published The
ence in 1877.
Works Operettas The English Hymn Tune Book, arranged for :
Village Coquettes (words by Charles Dick- four voices (Edinburgh, n. d.). Brown.
ens), given in London, 1830 The Barbers HTOIE, WILLIA:\I, born iu Edinburgh,
;
of Bassora, ib., 1837 Tlie Outpost, ib., Sept. 25, 1830, still living, 1889.
; Son and
1838 Motets, anthems, concerted vocal mu- pupil of Alexander Hume teacher of mu-
; ;
sic, and many songs, among which are Three sic, editor of several musical publications,
Fishers, The Storm, and O that we two and musical critic of " The Baillie," Glas-
were Maying.- Grove
Mendel, Ergiinz., gow. Works The Call to Battle, cantata,
; :
163 Fctis, SuppK-meut, ii. 8 Riemann.

; test by Mrs. Henians ; Bartimeus, do. for ;
HULLMANDEL, NICOLAUS JOSEPH, baritone solo and chorus Psalm 67, for ;
born in Strasburg in 1751, died in Loudon treble voices. Once more a Welcome to
in 1823. Studied first in the cathedral of the Woods, Caller Herrin, The Woodpecker,
his native town, and then in Hambure; Good morrow to the hills again, and other
under Philipp Emanuel Bach. He travelled part-songs, songs, and glees. Brown.
through Italy iu 1775, and went in 1776 to HUMEREY (Humphrey, Humphrys),
Paris, where he became celebrated as a PELHAM, born in London in 1647, died at
teacher was in London in 1787, and soon
; Windsor, July 14, 1674. He became a
after married returned to Paiis, and gave
; chorister of the re-established Chapel Royal
up professional life but in 1790 he was a; in 1660 was sent abroad to study by
;
refugee in London and again gave lessons. Charles H. in 1664, and was in Paris un-
He returned to France, but lived in retire- der Lulli was ai^poiuted Gentleman of the
;
ment. His published works consist of So- Chapel Royal in 1666 made Master of the ;
natas for jjianoforte, and for pianoforte and Children in the Chapel Roj'al in 1672, and
violin and violoncello variations, etc. ; later in the same year was appointed com-
Mendel Futis ; Schilling, Weitzmann,
; poser in ordinary for the violins to His Ma-
Geschichte des Clavierspiels, 53. jesty in conjunction with Thomas Purcell.
HULLWECK, FERDINAND, born at Works : Anthems ; Evening Service in E
Dessau, Oct. 8, 1824, still living, in Dres- minor Songs 2 odes for the King's Birth-
; ;
den, 1889. VioKnist, pupil of Friedrich day. Grove Fetis; Barrett, English Church
;
Schneider became second Couzertmeister

; Composers, 92 Harmouicon (1832), 263. ;
of the royal orchestra in Dresden iu 18J:1:, HUMMEL, EDUARD, born in Vienna in

where he is also professor at the Conserva- 1814, still living, 1889. Pianist, son and
torium. Has published mainly instructive pupil of Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and
compositions for his instrument. would have become better known if his
HUME, ALEXANDER, born in Edin- father's fame had not overshadowed him.
burgh, Feb. 17, 1811, died in Glasgow, He visited England in 1840 was Kapell- ;
Feb. 4, 1859. Self-taught, a teacher in meister of the theatre at Augsburg, 1840, at

Edinburgh and Glasgow, and composer of Trojipau, Silesia, 1872, later at Briinu, Mo-
many popular songs. Among his best are ravia, and 1874 at the comic opera in Vi-
Afton Water, The Scottish Emigrant's Fare- enna. He is now living in Brilnn. He
well, and My ain dear Nell, to the last of brought out a romantic opera, Alor, oder
which he wrote also the words. In 1854 die Hunnen vor Magdeburg, Weimar, 1843.
his madrigal, Round a circle, was awarded Mendel ; Futis.
:
HUMMEL
HUMIVIEL, FERDINAND, born in Ber- years the pupil of Mozart, who took him into
lin, Sept. 6, 1855, still living, 1889. Virtu- his house. In 1788 he accompanied his
oso on the harp, first instructed by his father on a seven years' professional tour as
father, who made him on that in- proficient pianist through Germany, Denmark, Eng-
strument at the age of seven, and travelled land, and Holland, returning to Vienna in
with him through Europe in 1864-67 then ; 1795, when he began studying strict coun-
pupil in composition at Kullak's academy, terpoint under Albrechtsberger, and profited
18G8-71, and until 1875 at the royal school by the advice of Haydn and Salieri in free
for music, of Kiel and Bargiel. Works composition. From April 1, 1804, to May,
Symphony Overture for do.,
for orchestra ; 1811, he filled Haydn's old post as Kapell-
op. 17 Conzert-Phantasie for harp and
; meister to Prince Eszterhazy, from which
orchestra Quartet for pianoforte and
;
period date most of his dramatic and church
strings ; and Wald-
Milrchenbildei-, op. 10, works. He taught and composed in Vienna
lebeu, op. 11 and 31, Phantasiestiicke for from 1811 to 1816, when he became Kapell-
violoncello and pianoforte Notturno for ; meister at Stuttgart in 1820 he went to fill
;
violoncello, har}), and harmonium 3 so- ;

the same post at Weimar, and held it until
natas for violoncello, op. 2, 9, 12 ; Sonata his death. But he obtained frequent and
for horn Conzertstiick for pianoforte, op.
; extended leaves of absence, and made many
1 ; Suite for do. 2 concert isolonaises, and professional tours
;
: to St. Petersburg in 1822
many Rumpelstilzcheu, with the grand Duchess l\Iaria Paulovna,
other works for do. ;
Frau Holle, Hansel und Gretel, for female in 1825 to Paris where he was made Che-
chorus and solo. Riemann. valier of the Legion of Honour, in 1826 to
HUIDIEL, JOH.INN BERXHARD, born Belgium and Holland, in 1827 to Vienna,
in Berlin in 17G0, died (?). Pianist, music in 1828 to Warsaw, and in 1829 again to
teacher in Warsaw in 1797 ; returned to France, ajspearing everywhere with trium-
Berlin on the death of his father, Johaun phant success. In 1830 and 1833 he made
Julius Hummel, and succeeded him in his trijis to England, conducting a season of
nuisic publishing business. Works : Sona- opera in London. During the last four
tas for jîanoforte ; do. for pianoforte and years of his life his health was much im-
violin ; Variations ; Songs, etc. Fetis ;
paired, and he could devote but little time
Gerber ; Schilling. to professional duties. He died of drop.sy
HUM.A1EL, JOH.ANN NEPOMUK, born of the pericardium. Hummel rejiresents,
in Presburg, Nov. in the history of pianoforte writing and play-
14, 1778, died in ing, the transition from the classic school of
Weimar, Oct. 17, Mozart and Haydn to the modern romantic
1837. Pianist, son school. His works are distinguished for
and jjupil of Josej^h formal beauty, excellence of coustraction,
Hummel, music and brilliancy of ornament, if also for a cer-
master at the Mili- tain academic dryness. He was consider-
tary School at ably overrated during his lifetime, being at
Wartberg (whither one time looked upon in Vienna as the equal
the family moved of Beethoven. His one work which still re-
about 1780), in sing- tains an unweakened hold upon the interest
ing, on the piano- of both musicians and the public is the sep-
forte, and on the violin. In 1785 the fam- tet in D minor, op. 74, a masterpiece of its
ilj- moved to Vienna (where the father was kind.

engaged by Schikaneder as Kapellmeister Works 1. Dramatic : Le vicende d' a-
at his theatre), and Johann became for two more, opera buffa, 2 acts, Vienna, 1804 ;
;; ;
IIUMOIIESKE
Mathikle von Guise, opera, 3 acts, ib., 1810 12, 22, 35, 65, 83, 93, 96 (Vienna, Leipsic,
(pianoforte score, Paris and Leipsic) ; Das Offenbach, Paris, etc.) ; 8 sonatas for piano-
Haus zu verkaufen, operetta, 1 act, the
ist forte and violin, op. 5, 19, 25, 28, 37, 50,
text translated from Alex. Duval's " Maison 64, 104 (ib.) 3 sonatas for pianoforte, 4
;
:i vendre," ib., 1812 Die Riickfahrfc des ; hands, op. 43, 92, 99 (ib.) Sonatas for pi- ;
Kaisers, do., 1 act, ib., 1814; Die Eselshaut, anoforte solo, op. 13, 20, 36, 81, 106 (ib.) ;
fairy operetta Der Zauberring, ballet-pan-
; 3 fugues for do., op. 7 Rondos for do., op.
;
tomime Der Zauberkampf, do. Paris et

; ; 11, 19, 107, 109 Fantasias for do., op. 18,
;
Heli'ue, ballet Das belobte Gemiilde, do. 123, 124

;
; ; Caprices and studies for do., op.
Sappho von Mitylene, do. Das Lob der 49, 67, 105, 125 Variations for do., op. 1,
;
;
Freaudscbaft, cantata for solo and chorus 2, 8, 9, 40, 57, 118, 119 Ausfiihrliche theo- ; ;
Diana ed Endimione, do., with orchestra. retisch-praktische Anweisung zum Piano-

II. Church music Mass for 4 voices, or- fortespiel, etc. (Vienna, Haslinger, 1828
:
chestra, and organ, in B-flat, op. 77 (Vi-

enna, Haslinger Paris, Richault) 2d ; ;
do., in E-flat, op. 80 (ib.) 3d solemn ;
mass for do., in D, op. Ill (ib.) Grad- ;
ual for do., Quodquod in orbe, op. 88

(ib.) ; Oflertoryfor soprano solo, chorus,
orchestra, and organ, op. 89 (ib.).
III. Instrumental Overture for grand London, Boosey & Co.
: ; Paris, Ferreur).
orchestra, in B-flat, op. 101 (Leipsic and Wurzbach Brockhaus ; ; Fetis ; Mendel
Paris) ; Symphonie coucertante for piano- Riemann.
forte, and orchestra, op. 17 (Vienna,
violin, HU.ÎORESKE, a title given by Schu-
Diabelli) Concerto No. 1, for pianoforte and mann to a series of pianoforte sketches in
;
orchestra, in C, op. 34 (Vienna, Haslinger) cyclic form, in C, op. 20, veritten in 1839,
Do., No. 2 (facile), in G, op. 73 (ib., and dedicated to Frau Julie von Webenau pub- ;
Paris, Lauver) Do. No. 3, in A minor, op. lished by P. Mechetti & Co., and by C. A.
;
85 (ib.) Do., No. 4, in B minor, op. 89 (Vi- Spina (Vienna, 1839), and Breitko2)f &
;
enna, Leipsic, Paris) ; Do., No. 5, Les adieux, Hiirtel (Leipsic). No. 2 of his Phantasie-
in E, op. 110 (ib.) ; Do., No. 6, in A-flat, op. stiicke for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello,
113 (ib.) ; rondeaux brillauts for pianoforte op. 88, is also called Humoreske. Heller
and orchestra, op. 56, 98, 117 (ib.) Th6mes (op. 64), and Grieg {op. 6, op. 19), have ;
varies for da, op. 97, 115 (ib.) Das Zauber- used this term also for pianoforte pieces.
;
horn Oberon's, grand fantasia for do., inE, See also Gaudeamus Igitur.
013. 116 3 string quartets, op. 30 (ib.)
; HUNGARIA, symphonic poem for or- ;
Grand septet for pianoforte, flute, oboe, chestra by Liszt, op. 4, No. 9. Sketched in
horn, viola, 'cello, and double-bass, in D 1846 as an Ungarischer Marsch for pianoforte
minor, op. 74 Grand do. (military) for pi- solo. Published in 1853. Instrumentated
;
anoforte, flute, clarinet, trumpet, violin, vi- and performed in 1853. Rewritten in June,
ola, and double-bass, in C, op. 114 (Vienna 1856. First performed under Liszt's direc-
and Paris) Grand serenade No. 1, for piano- tion in Pesth, August, 1856. Published in
;
forte, violin, guitar, clarinet, and bassoon, score, and for two pianofortes, four hands,
op. 63 (Vienna, Artaria Paris, Richault) by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1857).
;
Grand do., No. 2, op. 66 (ib.); Grand quintet "HUNGARIAN CONCERTO. See Con-
for pianoforte, violin, viola, "cello, and double- zerl in ungarischer Weise.
bass, in E-flat, op. 87 (Vienna and Paris) HUNNEN-SCHLACHT (Battle of the
7 trios for pianoforte, violin, and 'cello, op. Huns), symphonic poem for orchestra, by
299
; ;;
HUNT
Liszt, op. i, No. 11, suggested by Kaulbacli's have composed for their instrument Peter ;
painting. Conceived in Munich in Novem- Ernst also duos and trios for guitar, flute,
ber, 185G, \\Titten in 1857, first reliearsal, and viola. Allgem. d. Biog., xiii. 421
Weimar, October, 1857, first performance, Mendel Fctis Schilling do.. Supplement, ; ; ;
Weimar, April, 1858. Published in score, 220.

and for two pianofortes, four hands, by HLTSTTS^MEN'S CHORUS. See Frei-
Breitkopf & Hartel (Leipsic, 1858). Pohl, schutz.
Liszt, 400 Upton, Standard Symphonies,
;
HURLEBUSCH, KONRAD FRIED-
289. RICH, born at Brunswick in 1696, died at
HUNT, KARL, bom in Dresden, July 27, Amsterdam in 1765 (or about 1770 ?). Dra-
1766, died ('?). Violinist, chamber musician matic and church composer, son and pupil
to the Elector of Saxony pupil of his father of the organ virtuoso Heinrich Loreuz
;
and of Seydelmann, 1770-76. He became Hurlebusch (born at Hanover, 1666), then

first violinist of the HofkapeUe, Dresden, in studied in Hamburg (1714) and Vienna
1783. Works: 10 concertos for violin and (1716), and visited Italy in 1718-21. On
orchestra 2 symphonies for 2 violins and his return he gave concerts at Munich, and
;
do. ; 8 quartets for 2 violins, viola, and vio- having visited other cities of Germany, ac-
loncello 6 symphonies
; An operetta cepted a call to Stockholm as court Kapell-
;
Lieder Church music Variations for pi- miistare and organist, in 1722, but returned
; ;
anoforte, etc. Mendel Futis Gerber to Brunswick in 1725. Called as Kapell-

; ; ;
Schilling. meister to Baireutb, then to Dresden in the

HUNT, THOMAS, English composer of year following, he was not satisfied with
the 16th century. He contributed the 6- either j)osition, and in 1727 settled at Ham-
part madrigal Hark did you ever hear so burg, whence he went to Amsterdam in
: 1
sweet a singing, to the Triumphes of Ori- 1738 as organist of the reformed church.
ana (1601). An anthem by him. Put me not Works L' innocenza difesa, opera, given at :
to rebuke, is contained in Barnard's MS. Stockholm, 1722 Armenio, do., ib., 1725; ;
collection of the English Sacred Harmonic Flavio Cuniberto, do., Hamburg, about
Society.
Grove Fetis. ; 1730 The 150 psalms of David in mo- ;
HUNTEN, FRANZ, born at Coblentz, tets, with harpsichord and organ (Amster-
Dec. 26, 1793, died there, Feb. 22, 1878. dam, 1766) 80 to 100 Italian airs, with in- ;
Pianist, first instructed by his father, an struments 12 Italian cantatas, with violin ;
organist, then pupil at the Conservatoire, and other instruments Italian cantatas, ;
Paris (1819), of Pradher on pianoforte, of with bass 12 concertos, 12 sonatas, 8 over- ;
Reicha in harmony, of Cherubini in counter- tures ; 6 concertos for harpsichord, with in-
point ; tauglit in Paris until 1837, when he struments
24 fugues for harpsichord and ;
retired to Coblentz. He
began to compose organ 18 sonatas or suites for harpsichord. ;
at the age of ten his works for pianoforte,

; Gerber, Hist. Lex.
Mendel Schilling ; ;
which are of a pleasing style, became very Van der Straeten, iv. 412 Viotta. ;
popular, and were remunerated with enor- HURON, LE, ope-ra-comique in two acts,
mous prices. Works Muthode nouvelle text by Marmontel from Voltaire's " L'iu-
:
pour le piano, op. 60 Trio for pianoforte, genu," music by Grutry, perfoi-med with
;
violin, and violoncello, op. H

duos for pi- success at the Theatre Italien, Paris, Aug.
;
anoforte and violin, op. 22, 23 Serenades, 20, 1768. This was the first opera by
;
divertissements, and many themes with varia- Gretry given in Paris. Clement et La-
tions, for pianoforte. His brothers Wilhelra rousse, 348.
and Peter Ernst are pianists also, the for- HURTADO (Y DE AVALOS), PIERRE,
mer at Coblentz, the latter at Duisburg, and church composer of the 17th century, born
300
HUSAEENLIEDER
in Spain, or in the Netherlands of Spanish Gymnase dramatique ; resigned in 1829,
parentage. He was
educated in the choir and 1831-32 held a similar position at
in
of the royal chapel, Brussels, where he re- the Theatre du Palais-Royal. He finally
mained ten years later he became maitre de
; became professor at the school of Pout-le-
chant at the cathedral of Ghent. Works : Voy, near Blois. Works : Symphonie con-
Motet de chojur, for 4 voices and 3 instru- certante for violin and violoncello ; 3 Con-
ments do. for 3 voices and do. Motet for
; ; certos for violoncello and orchestra ; 9
3 voices do. for 6 voices and 3 instru-
; quintets for strings ; Trios for do., op. 15-
ments Te Deum for do. Van der Strae-
; 17 ; Duos for 2 violoncellos, op. 7, 30, 31,
ten, i. 39 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 9
; Viotta. ; 47 ; Sonatas for violoncello, op. 3 ; Soirees
HUSARENLIEDER (Hussar Songs), musicales, themes varies, for do., with vio-
four songs for a baritone voice and piano- lin and bass ; Method for violoncello. Fe-
forte, poems by Nicholas Lenau, music by tis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
Schumann, op. 117, composed in 1851, and HUSITSKA, dramatic overture for or-
dedicated to Heinrich Behr. I. Der Husar, chestra, by Antonin Dvofak, op. G7, written
trara was ist die Gefahr ? in B
! H. Der ; for and first performed at the opening of
leidige Frieden hat lange gewiihrt, in G the new Bohemian theatre in Prague, in
minor HI. Den griinen Zeigeu, den roth-
; 1883. Given by the London Philharmonic
en Wangen, in E IV. Da liegt der Feiu-
; Society, March 20, 1884, Dvorak conduct-
de gestreckte Schaar, in C minor. Pub- ing. First time in America at Van der
lished by Bartholf Senff (Leipsic, 1852) ;
Stucken's Novelty concerts. New York, Oct.
also by Breitkojjf k Hiirtel. 25, 1884. Subject, the wars of the Hussites.
HUS-DESFORGES, PIERRE LOUIS, Published by N. Simrock (Berlin, 1884).
born in Toulon, March 14, 1773, died at Athenreum (1884), i. 418.
Pont-le-Voy, near Blois, Jan. 20, 1838. HUSS,
born in Roth, GEORGE JOHN,
Virtuoso on the violoncello, grandson of Bavaria, Sept. 25, 1828, still living, 1889.
the violinist Jarnowick, received his musi- Organist, studied the jjianoforte, the organ,
cal education as a choirboy at the Ca- and theory under his father, who was head-
thedral of La Rochelle, entered a regiment master of the royal parochial school. Roth.
of mounted ritlemeu as trumpeter in 1792, When nine years old he became organist of
and took part in the first camjjaigns of the the Lutheran church in his native town ;
revolution. In 1796, having lost a finger in 1848 he went to America and began
of his right hand, he entered the orchestra
teaching the pianoforte. He has been or-
of the Grand Theatre
Lyons, but re- ganist in the First Presbyterian Church,
at
mained there only six months, having de- Elizabeth, N. J. Third Presbyterian, and ;
cided to study at the newly erected Con- South Park Churches, Newark, N. J. and ;
under Janson, the elder. for nine years in the University Place Pres-
servatoire in Paris,
Towards the end of 1800 he went with a byterian Church, New York. His works in-
dramatic company as chef d'orchestre to clude a number of pieces for the pianoforte,
St. Petersburg, returned in 1810, and trav- and several church services.
elled in the provinces of France until 1817, HUSS, HENRY HOLDEN, born in New-
when he again settled in Paris, and became ark, New June 21, 1862, still living,
Jersey,
first violoncellist in the orchestra of the 1889. and pupil of George John
Pianist, son
Theiitre de la Porte-Saint-Martin. In Huss, and in 1879-82 studied counterpoint
1820 he established a school of music at and composition under O. B. Boise. In 1882
Metz, but soon resumed his travels and he went to Europe, and studied, in the Mu-
lived in Paris until 1828, when he was nich Conservatorium, counterpoint, compo-
made chef d'orchestre of the Theatre du sition, instrumentation, and the organ un-
3U1
! ;
HUSS
der Josef Rheinberger, pianoforte under of Music, and Kapelmeester of St. Dominik's
Ludwig Church, organized and conducted a church
Josef Giebrl, and conducting under
Abel. In 1885 he returned to America and choir at Schiedam, received the honorary
settled in New York. Works Forest Idvl, title of Kapelmeester at Delft, and was a
:
for orchestra, performed at Munich Conser- member of the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in
vatorium, 1884 Symphonic Rhapsody, for Rome.
;
Order of the Oaken Crown in 1858.
pianoforte and orchestra, Boston, Nov. 1, Works Le roi de Boheme, opera, given at
:
188G, New York, Nov. 15, 1887 ; Ave Maria, Rotterdam 4 symphonies for full orchestra
;
for soli, female chorus, hari), organ, and 2 concert overtures (crowned by the Neth-
string oi-chestra, New York, Ajsril 12, 1888. erland Music Society) Overtures for wind ;
His other compositions comprise a string instruments Several collections of songs

; ;
quartet a trio for pianoforte, violin, and Masses, cantatas, songs for schools, and
;
violoncello Ballad for chorus and orches- more than 150 compositions for wind in-
;
tra Songs, and part-songs.

;

struments. Mendel lliemann Ft-tis, Sup- ; ;
HUSS, JOHANN, oratorio, text by Dr. plement, ii. 9 Viotta. ;
A. Zeune, music by Carl Loewe, first per- HTJTTENBRENNER, ANSEL^NI, born at

formed by the Singakademie, Berlin, in Gratz, Styria, Oct. 13, 1794, died at Ober-
18-11, under the direction of the composer. Andritz, near Gratz, June 5, 1868. Dra-
Given in Quedlinburg under Theodor Forch- matic and church composer, first instructed
hammer, and in Halle under Zehler in 1884. by the organist Matthiius Gell, in singing
Arranged for pianoforte by the composer. and on the pianoforte, then pupil in com-
Published by Ed. Bote and G. Bock (Ber- position of Salieri in Vienna, where he was
lin, 1842).
Allgem. mus. Zeitung, vol. 44, intimate with Beethoven, who died in his
817 Schumann, Gesamm. Schr., ii. 298.
; arms, and Schubert, who was his co-disciple.
HUTOY, EUGNE, born at Li6ge, July From 1816 he appeared successfully in pub-
2, 1844, died there, Feb. 17, 1889. Dramatic lic as a pianist but, obliged to assume the
composer, pupU at the Liuge Conservatoire, administration of the family estate on his
where he became professor of solfcge in father's death, he returned to Gratz in 1820,
1872. Works Quiroco et Cristi, comic and did much towards the promotion of
:
opera, given at Liege, Pavilion de Flore, musical life there in 1825 he was elected ;
1872 La posada, ou le souper du roi, lb., director of the Musikverein. He wrote also
;

Theatre Royal, 1874. Futis, Supplement, musical criticisms for various publications.
ii. 9. Works Die franzOsische Einquartierung,
:
HUTSCHENRUUTER, WILLEM, born comic opera (1819), not given Ai-mella, oder ;
in Rotterdam, Netherlands, Dec. 25, 179G, die beiden Vicekoniginuen, do., given at
died there, Nov. 18, 1878. Instrumental Gratz, 1827 Lenore, opera, ib., 1835 and
;
and vocal composer, pupil of Hummel and (enlarged) 1837 Oedip auf Kolonos, op- ;
Romberg, studied the violin under Dah- era 9 masses 3 Requiems 5 symphonies
; ; ; ;
men, afterwards the horn and trumpet, and 10 overtures 3 funeral marches 2 quar-
; ;
became one of the leading pei-formers on tets for strings Quintet for do. Sonatas,
;
;
these instruments in Holland. He entered 24 fugues, and other compositions for pi-
the city orchestra, and in 1821 founded the anoforte 300 quartets for male voices, and
;
music corps of the Civic Guard, and in 1822 choruses over 200 songs, etc. Leitner,
;
became Kapelmeester of both corporations. Ans. Hiittenbrenner (Gratz, 1868) Men- ;
He founded also the society of the Eruditio del Wurzbach.

;
Musica in 1826, became director of the HYE, Mme DE LA See La Hye.

Euterpe Choral Society, and of the Musis HYLLESTED, AUGUST, born of Dan-
Sacrum Society, was professor at the School ish parentage in Stockholm, Sweden, Juno
302

HYMBER
17, 1858, still living, 1889. Pianist, son of HYMN OF PRAISE. See Lobgesang.
Kasmus Madseu Hj'llested, Stadmusicus, HYMNE A LA FRANCE. See Vox
Stockholm, pupil at Pojiuli.
the Koyal Conserva- HYMNE A VICTOR HUGO, for or-
toire in Copenhagen, chestra and chorus ad libitum, by Camille
1871-76, on the piano- Saint-SaOns, op. 69, published by Durand &
forte of Edmund Neu- Schoenewerk (Paris, between 1880 and
2>ert, and in composi- 1886). Arranged for pianoforte for four
tion of Niels AV. Gade. hands by E. Guiraud, and for two piano-
In 1879 he studied in fortes for four hands by the composer.
Berlin under Kullak
and Xaver Scharwen-
ka in 1880 at Weimar
; AM A SIMPLE MULIItEER. See
under Liszt, and on his return to Berlin
counterpoint under F. Kiel. When ten I iiose of Castile.
ICH BIN DER SCHNEIDER KAIvA-
years old he gave pianoforte recitals DU (I am the tailor Cockatoo), theme from
"
throughout Scandinavia, and in 1876 he- Weuzel Mailer's " Schwestern von Prag
came organist of the Nj-kjObing (Denmark) (Prague, 1794), used by Beethoven as the
Cathedral, and conductor of the Musical So- motive for trio No. 9, in G, op. 121a, Ada-
ciety. In 1879 he -went to German}', and in gio, Variationen, und Rondo, composed in
1883-8J: made concert tours through Great Published by Steiner & Co. (Vienna,
1824.
Britain. In 1885 he went to New York, and 1824), by Breitkopf & Hartel, Beethoven
gave concerts in connection with Ovide Mu-
Werke, Serie XI., No. 9. Leuz, Beethoven,
sin, the violinist and has since given piano-
; vol. ii.. Part iv., 139.
forte recitals in the ijrineijjal eastern cities of ICH BIN'S, ICH SOLLTE BUSSEN
the United States, and in Canada. In 1886 he ('Tis I my sins betray Thee), choral in A-
!
became assistant director of the Chicago Mu- flat major for Cori I. and H., with accom-
sical College. Works Marche Triomphale, paniment of 2 oboes, strings complete, or-
:
for orchestra ; Pieces for the pianoforte, gan and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
among them variations, transcrij)tions, etc. Bach's Passion nach Matthiius, No. 16. The
HYMBER, WERNER, born at Juhnitz, melody is "Nun ruhen alle Wiilder," by
Bohemia, March 4, 1731, died at Kukus, Heinrich Isaac (ab(5ut 1490).
ib., in 1810.Virtuoso on the violin, pupil ICH DANKE DIR, HERR, bass aria of
of LoUi, Fismann, and Luoggi, and in Vi- Paulus, with chorus, in A minor, in Men-
enna of Seuche in composition. He entered delssohn's Faiihts, No. 20.
the order of the Hospitallers in 1755, was ICH DENKE DEIN,
original theme with
sent to Vienna as choir-master of their D, for the pianoforte, for
sis variations in
church there, in 1770 became prior of the four hands, by Beethoven, on the song,
monastery at Prossnitz, Moravia, and in "Ich denke dein," composed in 1800. Pub-
1790 was regens chori at the church of his lished without opus number in 1805. Breit-
order at Kukus, Bohemia. His masses, kopf & Hilrtel, Beethoven's AVerke, Serie 15,
offertories, symphonies, concertos, and arias
No. 4. Ich denke dein. Song with piano-
are preserved in the archives of his order. forte accompaniment, words by Matthisou,
Dlabacz Wurzbach.
; music by Beethoven, appeared as Andeuken,
HYMN TO APOLLO, chorus for male von Matthison. Published by Breitkopf &
voices with pianoforte, music by Arthur W. H-irtel (Leipsic, 1810). Breitkopf & Hartel,
Thayer, first sung by the Apollo Club, Bos- Beethoven Werke, Serie 23, No. 35.
ton, April 25, 1888. Thayer, Verzeichuiss, 38, 81.
;
ICIi HAB
ICH HAB' EIN KLEINES HtJTTCHEN paniment of 2 oboes, strings complete, or-
NUR, theme with eight variations iu B-flat, gan, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
for pianoforte, by Beethoven. Pubhshed Bach's Passion nach Matthiius, No. 23. The
first by Dunst, iu Frankfort, and also by melody is, " Haupt voU Blut und Wun-
Breitkopf k Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie den."
17, No. 182. ICH WILL NUN HASSEN, bass aria in
ICHHATTE MEL BEKTODIEENISS B minor, with accompaniment of oboe
(Deep witliin my heart was sorrowing) can- d' amore, violin solo, strings complete, or-
tata per ogni tempo, by Johann Sebastian gan, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
Bacbj in two parts, for soli and chorus, Bach's cantata, " Freue dich erluste Schaar."
with accompaniment of thi'ee trumpets, ICH WILL NUR DIR ZU EHIffiN LE-
drums, oboe, bassoon, strings complete, BEN, tenor aria in minor, with accom- D
organ, and coutinuo, to which are added 4 paniment of 2 violins, organ, and continuo,
trombones iu the figured choral, " Was hel- in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Festo
feu uus die schweren Sorgen " (No.
7), and Circumcisionis Christi, " Fallt mit Danken,
"
3 trumpets, and drums, iu the final chorus fallt mit Loben (Part IV. of the Weinachts-
(No. 9). Bachgesellschaft, No. 21. Pub- Oratorium). Published separately, with ad-
lished in full and pianoforte score, with additional accompaniments by Robert Franz
ditional accompaniments by Eobert Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).
(Leipsic, Leuckart) and with organ accom-
; IDEALE, DIE, Symphonic poem for or-
paniment by Liszt (ib., Sehuberth). Spitta, chestra, by No. 12, on Schiller's
Liszt, op. 4,
Bach, i. 525 ; Upton, Standai-d Cantati^s, 31 poem of the same title, first performed in
AthenEcum (1875), i. 463. Weimar, at the inauguration of the Goethe-
ICH LLEBTE GLUHEND. See nienzl. Schiller monument, by Rietschel, Septem-
ICH SEHE SCHON IN GEIST, alto aria ber, 1857. Performed in Prague in 1858,
in A minor, with accompaniment of 2 oboes, Breslau, and Berlin, in 1859. Published, in
and coutinuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's score, and for two pianofortes, four hands,
cantata, " Golt fiihret auf mit Jauchzen," by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1858).
Part II. IDOLO CINESE, L' (The Chinese Idol),
ICH WILL BEI MEINEM JESUM
Italian opera buffa in two acts, text by Lo-
WACHEN (I'll watch with my
Jesu renzi, music by Giovanni Paisiello, repre-
dear-
alway), aria in C minor, i^receded by the sented in Naples in 1769, in Paris in 1779,
recitative, O Schmerz (O grief!), for the for which Piccinni is said to have revised
!
tenor of Coro I., with accompaniment of the score. Operas of the same title were
oboe solo, organ, and contiuuo, and the also written by Schuster, in Dresden, 1774 ;
chorus of Coro II., Avith accompaniment of by Jacques Rust, in Barcelona, 1774 by ;
and cou- Generali, Naples, 1807 and by Tacchinar-

2 flutes, strings complete, organ, ;
tinuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's Passion di, Felici, Gialdini, and Ettore de Champs,
nach Matthiius, No. 26. at the Teatro deUe Loggie, Florence, April,
ICH WILL DHt aiEm HERZE 1874.
SCHENKEN (Never will my heart refuse mOlMENEO, Rfe DI CRETA, ossia Ilia
Thee), aria in G mpjor for the soprano of e Adamaute, Italian opera in three acts with
Coro I., with accompaniment of 2 oboes, ballet, text by the Abbate Varesco, music by
organ, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian Mozart, first represented in Munich, Jan. 29,
Bach's Passion nach Matthiius, No. 19. 1781. It was written iu Salzburg, in 1780,
ICH WILL HIER BEI DIE STEHEN by commission of the Prince of Bavaria, for
(I will stay here beside Thee), choral in E- the carnival of 1781 at Munich. The li-
flat major, for Cori I. and H., with accom- bretto is taken from a French ojsera, text by
304
I DREAMT
Dancliet, music by Campra, performed in KOchel, Verzeichniss, 36G ; Signale (1879),
Paris iu 1712. Idomeneo, king of
Subject : 813.
Crete, returning from the conquest of Troy, I DREAMT I DWELT IN MARBLE
appeases Neptune during a storm at sea by HALLS. See Bohemian Girl.
a vow to sacrifice the first thing he meets IFIGENIA IN AXJLIDE (Iphigenia in
on his safe arrival in Crete. This happens Aulis),opera in three acts, text by Moretti,
to be his son, Idamante, and to evade ful- music by Cherubiui, first represented at
fihuent of this vow he is sent into exile. Turin iu 1787, and at Milan, Aug. 9, 1788.
As Idamante embarks a storm devastates This was Cherubiui's eleventh opera. The
Crete, and the people demand the sacrifice ;
air, A voi torno, sponde amate, was pub-
but Idamante is saved at the altar by Ilia, lished with full score (London, 1789).
daughter of Priam, who offers to become Same title Italian operas, music by Coletti,
the victim. Neptune commands Idomeneo Venice, 1706 Scarlatti, Rome, 1713
; Por- ;
to resign the throne, and Idamante to reign pora, text by Paolo Rolli, London, 1735 ;
in his stead. Original caste : K. H. Graun, text by Villati, Berlin, Jan.

23, 1749 Jommelli, text by Verazi, Rome,
Idomeneo Anton Eaaflf.
;
1751 Traetta, text by Coltellini, Vienna,

;
Ilia DalPrato.
1759 Francesco de Majo, text by Verazi,
;
Elettra Dorothea "Wendliug.
Naiiles, 1762 Pleyel, Naples, 1780 Zinga-
Arbace Elizabeth Wendliug.
; ;
relli, text by Moretti, Milan, 1787 Simon

Grau sacerdote di Nettuno Vallesi.
;
Mayr, text by Romanelli, Parma, 1806 ;
The autograph score is iu the possession Federici, ib., Milan, 1809. The following
of Andre, Offenbach-am-Main. Full score were set to Zeno's libretto : Caldara, Vienna,
(Italian) jjublished by Simrock (Bonn). 1718 ; Orlandiui, Venice, 1719 ; Porta, Mu-
Twice arranged : by Treitschke (Vieuna, nich, 1738 ; Geronimo Abos, Naples, 1745 ;
1806), and by Lichtenthal (Milan, 1843). Salari, Naples, 1776 Sarti, Venice, 1777 ;
;
Published by Breitkopf & Hi'irtel, Mozart Martin y Solar, Florence, 1781 Prati, Flor- ;
Werke, Serie 5, No. 13 (Idomeneo). Per- ence, 1784 Giordani, Rome, 1786 Bertoni, ; ;
formed at the Hofopernhaus, Vienna, Oct. Trieste, 1790 Loi-enzo Rossi, Genoa, 1798 ;
;
25, 1879, Frau Ehnn, Frau Materna, Herr Trento, Naples, Nov. 4, 1804.
Miiller, and Labatt appearing iu the princi- IF GOD BE FOR US, soprano aria iu G
pal characters. Represented iu Leipsic, minor, with accomjjaniment of violins in
Dec. 23, 1880. Ballet Music in five
num- unison, and continuo, in Handel's The J\[es-
bers by Mozart for this opera I. Chaconne :siah, Part IH. (No. 50).
;
This aria is much
n. Pas de seul HI. Passepied
; IV. Ga- garbled iu Mozart's score, notable changes
;
votte V. Passacaille. First performed with being made iu all the original parts, even
;
the ojiera in 1781. The music was plaj'ed in the continuo, and many violin passages
first in New York by the Symjshouy So- being transferred to a solo bassoon.
ciety, Nov. 5, 1887. Breitko"pf & Hilrtel, IF WITH ALL YOUR HEARTS. See
Mozart's Werke, Serie 5, No. 14 (Jahu, Mo- So ihr mich vou ganzeni Herzen.
zart, ii. 482 Kiichel, Verzeichniss, 3G7).
; IGNANDIUS, Pater ANGELUS, born at
Same title oj)eras by Gazzaniga, Padua, Altamura, Calabria, in 1500, died in Venice
1790 ; Paer, Florence, 1794 Federici, in 1543.
; Dominican monk, maestro di cap-
Milan, 1806; and Fariuelli, Venice, 1812. pella many years iu Venice, where his mad-
Clement et Larousse, 351 Gehring, Mo- rigals, masses, motets, psalms, and other
;
zart, 86 ;Nisseu, Mozart, i. 416 Nohl, church music were published Fetis Ger-
; ;
Mozart's Briefe, 231 Hogarth, ii. 228

; ber. ;
Jahn, Mozart, ii. 420, 455, 487, 5G7 I HEAR IT AGAIN. ;

See Marilana.
8U5
;
I KNOW
I KNOW THAT MY EEDEEMER LIV- Miserere, all witli full orchestra ; Symphony
ETH, soprano aria in E major, with accom- Overtures to dramas Over- all of Schiller's ;
paniment of violins in unison, and continuo, ture and entr'actes to Howald's Leucht-
in Handel's The Mes><iah, Part UI. (No. 43). thurm Grand march for 2 orchestras and
;
IL BALEN DEL SUO. See Tromtore. chorus ; 2 concertos for pianoforte, with or-
IL EN EST TEMPS ENCORE. See chestra ; 8 quartets for strings ; Rondo for
Frophftc. and orchestra Pianoforte music, and
violin ;
TL ETAIT UN ROI DE THJJht. See French romances. Fotis Sowinski. ;
Faud, Gounod. IL mo
TESORO INTANTO. See Don
IL FAUT CfiDER A MES LOIS. See Giovanni.
Zampa. IL PIU LIETO. See PoUuto.
iLE ENCHANTfiE, L' (The Enchanted IL SEGRETO PER ESSER FELICL
Isle), ballet music for orchestra, by Arthur See Lucrezia Borgia.
Sullivan, performed at Covent Garden, Lou- IL SUON DEL ARPA. See roliuto.
don, May IG, 18(51. IL VA VENHl. See La Juice.
ILL\ E ADAJIANTE. See Idomeneo, IL VOSTRO MAGGIO, soprano aria of
re di Creta. Sirene, in E minor, with accompaniment of
nJEFE, FREDERICK, born at Smeeton, strings complete, in Handel's liadamisto.
near Leicester, Eng- Act n.. Scene 3. Published separately,
land, in 1847, still liv- edited by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
ing, 1889. Organist of niBERT (Ymbert), TH ., French .
St. Wilfrid's, Kibworth, composer, contemporary. His Les deux

1872, of St. Barnabas, cadis, opura-bouffe in one act, text by Fur-
Oxford, 1879, and of pille and Philippe Gille, was given success-
St. John's College, ib., fully at the Theatre Lj-rique, Paris, March
1883. Mus. Bac, Ox- 8, 18G1. Since then he has wi-itten very
ford, 1873 Mus. Doc, little, excepting a short oratorio entitled
;
ib., 1879. Works The Bethli'em, and some romances and chansons.
:
Visions of St. John the Divine, oratorio, Ox-

Fctis, Supph'meut, ii. 11 Viotta, ii. 154. ;
ford, 1879 Evening Service in D, for men's

; IMBIMBO, EilANUELE, born in Naples
voices Anglican Chant Settings for all the about 17G5, died (?).
; Pupil of Sigismundo,
Canticles 3 Services for Te Deuni in An- at the Conservatorio di San Ouofrio, Naples,
;
glican chant form G Settings of the Kyrie where he aftenvards taught singing and
;
Eleisou Anthems Overture in E, for or- harmony settled in Paris in 1808. Works
; ; ; :
chestra Minuet, trio, and finale, for do.

; Lo Spettro, dramatic scene Motets G Ital-
; ; ;
Organ and jjianoforte music Quintets, ian ariettas

;
also published Partimenti ou
;
quartets, terzets, etc., for voices. basses chiffrces de Fenaroli, and Observa-
ILINSKI, Count JAN STANISBAW, tions sur I'enseignement mutuel applique a
born at Castle Romanov, Poland, in 1795, la musique (Paris, 1821). Fctis.
died ('?). Clnu'ch composer, pujiil of Salieri, DIENEO (Hymen), Italian opera in two
Kauer, and Beethoven in Vienna, where he acts, librettist unknown, music by Handel,
brought out a mass in 1826. After having first represented at Lincoln's Inn Fields
served in the imperial guard at St. Peters- Theatre, London, Nov. 22, 1740. The au-
burg and in diplomacy, he became in 1853 tograph IMS., preserved in Hamburg, is
privy councillor, senator, and chamberlain dated at the end, Oct. 10, 1740. It was
to the Czar, and member of the university performed but once again in London, Dec.
of luev. Works 3 masses 2 Requiems 13, 1740, and twice in Dublin, March 24
: ; ;
Te Deum Stabat Mater De profundis and 31, 1742, as a serenata with concertos
; ; ;
3U6
;
IM FRilllLING
on the organ and other instruments. The Good Friday ceremony of the Roman
favourite songs in Imeneo were j)ublished Catholic Church, text in Greek and Latin,
by Walsh (London, 17-41).
Chrysander, originally smig, a cappella, to Plain Chaunt
Handel, ii. 451 Kockstro, 213 Schcelcher, melodies, but adapted by Palestrina to
; ;
233 Buruey, iv. 432.

;
simple faux-bourdons in 1560. First pub-
ni FRUHLING (Spring), overture for lished by Dr. Buruey in " La Musica della
orchestra in G, by Georg Vierling, op. 24, Settimaua Santa " (London, 1771 reprint- ;
dedicated to Ludwig Forek published by ed in Alexandre tienne Choron's "Manuel

;
Leuckart (Breslau, between 1860 and 1867). complet de musique vocale et instrumentale,
IM HOCHLANDE (In the Highlands), ou Eucyclopedie musicale," 6 vols., Paris,
Scottish overture for orchestra, in D, by 1836-38), and in Vincent Novello's " Music
Niels W. Gade, op. 7, first performed in of Holy Week (London, 1840).
" Published
Berlin in June, 1846. Given by the Phil- also among Alfieri's Escerpta (Rome, 1840),
harmonic Society, New York, in the season and in Dr. Karl Proske's " Musica Di-
of 1852-53. Published by Kistner (Leip- vina " (vol. iv., Ratisbon, 1862), copied from
sic, 1848). Ai-ranged for the pianoforte by Palestrina's MS. in the Vatican Library.
Franz Hermann (Leipsic, 1868). Grove.
IM NOT THE QUEEN, HA, HA ! See r\I SOMMER Summer), symphony
(In
Eoiê of Castile. in E minor, for by Joachim

orchestra,
IMMER 1ST UNDANK LOGE'S LOHN. Raff, op. 208, first performed in Fraiddort
See RheincjoJd. in 1879 Crystal Palace, London, Oct. 9,

;
IMPERIALE, L' (The Emperor's cantata), 1880. It is the composer's ninth sym-
for two choruses and grand orchestra, text phony. I. Ein heisser Tag, Allegro H. ;
by Lafont, music by Hector Berlioz, op. 2G, Die Jagd der Elfen, Allegro, Versammlung
dedicated to Napoleon III., and first per- der Elfen, Oberou, Titania, die Jagd, Riick-
formed at the Palais de llndustrie, Champs kehr der Elfen mit Oberon und Titania
lilysces, Paris, Nov. 15, 1855, Berlioz con- HI. Ekloge, Larghetto, zum Erntekranz,
ducting. Published by Brandus et Cie. Allegro. Publishetl by Siegel (Leipsic,
(Paris, 1856).Jullien, Berlioz (1888), 238. 1881).

IMPRESARIO, L'. See Schauspieldi- IM Wx\LDE (In the Woods), symphony
relior. in F, for orchestra, by Joachim Raff, op.
lilPRESARIO IN ANGUSTIE, L' (The 153, first performed in Weimar in 1869 ;
Embarrassed Impresario), Italian opera in New York, by the Philharmonic Society,
buffa, by Cimarosa, represented at the Te- in the season of 1871-72 in London, at

;
atro Nuovo, Naples, 1706 in Paris, March

;
Crystal Palace, in April, 1875. The com-
12, 1802. Others of the same title by Pai- poser's thu'd sj'inijhouy, and one of his best
siello, Florence, 1788 Gazzaniga, Ferrara, works.
;
I. Allegro Am Tage, Eindriicke :
1789 and ; Luigi Ricci, Naples, 1828. und Empfindungen (Day-time, Impressions
IMPROIMPTU DE CAMPAGNE, L', ope- and Sensations) H. Largo In der Dilm- ; :
ra-comique, in one act and in verse, text by merung, Trilumerei, Tanz der Dryaden
Delrieu, music by Nicolo Isouard, repre- (Twilight, Revery, Dance of the Wood
sented at the Theatre Favart, Paris, June Nymphs) IH. Allegro Nacht, Stilles
; :
30,1800. An Italian version, L' improvvisata Weben der Nacht im Walde, Einzug und
in campagna, music by Isouard, had pre- Auszug der wildeu Jagd mit Frau Holle und
viously been given in Malta, 1797.
Cle- Wotan, Anbruch des Tages (Night, Mur-
ment et Larousse, 356. mur of Night in the Forest, Arrival and De-
IMPROPERIA (The Reproaches), a series parture of the wild Hunt with Dame Holle
of Antiphons and Responses, part of the and Wotan, Daybreak). Published by Ivist-
,307
INCORONAZIONE
uer (Leipsic, 187G). Upton, Standard Sym- of Alexis Roger, in composition. Works :
phonies, 206 ; Athenffium (1875), Les deux princesses, opera-comique, given

i. 530.
INCORONAZIONE DI POPPEA, L' at the Conservatoire, 1850 Le feu sous la ;
(The Coronation of Poppea), Italian opera, neige, do.. Louvre, 1860 Maitre Claude ; ;
by Monteverde, represented at the Mt'prise et surprise, Dans le brouillard,

lirst
Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, in parlor operas, given at the Conservatoire ;
1642. This was Monteverde's last great Charlotte Corday, dramatic scene Quartet ;
work. for strings ; Trio for pianoforte and strings ;
IN DEN ALPEN (In the Alps), symphony Duos for pianoforte and violin ; Pianoforte
in B-flat for orchestra, by Joachim Raff, op. pieces, and songs. Futis, Supplement, ii.
201, first jserformed in Leipsic in 1876. It 12.
is the composer's seventh symphony. I. INDY, VINCENT D', instrumental com-

Andante, Wandening im Hochgebirge 11. ; posei", contemporary, nephew of the pre-
Andante quasi AUegi'o, In der Herberge III. ; ceding. Works : Les Piocolomini, over-
Larghetto, Am See IV. Allegro, Beim
; ture, Concerts populaires, 1874 ; Antoine et
Schwingfest Abschied. Published by Seitz

: Cleopatre, do., ib., 1877 ; Symphonic che-
(Leipsic), and Ries (Dresden, 1877). valeresque, Societo Natiouale, 1876 ; La
INDES GALANTES, LES, opera-baUet Chevauchce du Cid, song with chorus, ib.,
in three acts, with prologue, text by Fuze- 1877 Wâllenstein trilogy, 1888. Fctis,
;
lier, music by Ranieau, first represented at Supplement, ii. 12.

the Academie Roj-ale de Musique, Paris, INFELICE, concert aria for soprano and
Aug. 23, 1735. I. Le Turc genereux II. ; orchestra, in B-flat, by Mendelssohn, op. 94,
Les Incas du Perou III. Les fleurs. ; A written for the Philharmonic Society of
fourth act, Les sauvages, was added in London, and first sung at its concert on
1736.Lajarte, 175. i. May 19, 1834, by Mme. Caradori-Allan.
IN DES LEBENS FRtJHLINGSTAGEN. The first version with violin obligato is
See Fide.Uo. dated April 3, 1834, the second, Leipsic,

INDIANA, comic ojiera, text by Henry Jan. 15, 1843. I. Allegro, Recitative, In-
Brougham Faniie, music by Edmond Au- Gia dal mio sguardo. II. Aria, An-
felice !
dran, first represented at the Comedy dante, Ah, ritorua, eta felice. Published
Theatre, Manchester, England, Oct. 4, 1886*, posthumously by Breitkofif & Hiirtel (Leip-
with much success. It was given in New sic, between 1860 and 1867). Arranged for
York, Star Theatre, Jan. 17, 1887, and ran pianoforte solo by H. M. Schletterer. Pub-
three weeks. lished by Breitkopf & Hartel, Mendelssohn
IN DIESEN HEIL'GEN HALLEN. See Werke, Serie 15, No. 124, revised by Julius
TiauherflOte. Rietz.
INDIGO, operetta in three acts, by Jo- INFELICE E TU CREDEVI.! See Er-
hann Strauss, first represented in Vienna, nani.
Feb. 10, 1871, revised and produced as INFERNAL SPIRITS, tenor aria of the
Reine Indigo, Paris, 1875. Subject, the Witch of Eudor, in F minor, with accom-
story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. paniment of 2 oboes, bassoons, violins in
Mus. Wochenblatt (1871), 132. unison, and violas and basses all' ottava, in
INDY, SAINT-ANGE WILFRID D', born Handel's Saul, Act IH., Scene 2.
at Valence (Drome), France, Dec. 14, 1821, IN FERNEM LAND. See Lohengrin.
still Dramatic composer, pu-
living, 1889. INGEGNERI (Ingigneri, Ingenierius,
pil, in Koutski on the pianoforte, Ingignerius), MARCO ANTONIO, born at
Paris, of
of Banderali in singing, and at the Conser- Pordenone, Venetia, about 1545, died (?).
vatoire, nominally of Carafa, but actually Church composer, maestro di cajipella of the
308
INGRANDE
cathedral at Cremona as early as 157G ; af- cluding Salieri, Cherubini, Czerny, Zinga-
terwards entered the service of the Duke of relli, Weigl, Sterkel, Asioli, Tomaschek,
Mantua in the same capacity. He was the Righini, Paer, Eberl, Friedrich Dionysius
master of Monteverde. Works Masses for : Weber, and Emanuel Aloys FOrster. Beet-
5 and 8 voices, 1st book (Venice, 1573) do., ; hoven's,which was the last song in the vol-
2d book (ib., 1587) Sacrte cautiones, for 5
; ume, entitled In questa tomba oscura, and
voices (ib., 157G) do., for 7-16 voices (ib.,
; published by T. Mollo (Vienna, 1808), is
1589) Respousoria Hebdomadje Sanctse
; the only one that survives. The Allgemei-
(ib., 1581) 4 books of Madrigals for i and
; ne musikalische Zeitung for Oct. 19, 1808,
5 voices (ib., 1578-80, 1584). Fe-tis Men- ; announces the publication, and prints the
del ; Schilling. settings of Salieri and Sterkel, and in Jan-
INGRANDE, EDMOND D', born in uary, 1810, mentions two more by Reichardt.
Paris, March 19, 1825, still living, 1889. Beethoven's song is dedicated to S. A. N.
Organist, pupil of Wilhem, of Taskin, and Sig. PrinciiDe Giuseppe di Lobkowitz. The
of Zimmerman, then for a short time, at the MS. is owned by Artaria & Co. (Vienna).
Conservatoire (1848), pupil in composition Breitkojif & Hi'trtel, Beethoven Werke,
of Adolphe Adam. Became j^rofessor of Serie 23, No. 39. The words of Shake-
singing in the public schools of Paris. Was sjseare's epitaph, "Good Friend, for Jesus'
organist successively of the churches of Sain t- sake forbear," are sometimes sung to this
Ambroise, and Notre Dame des Blancs Man- air. Thayer, Verzeichniss, 74.
teaux,and maitre de chapelle at Saint-Leu. INSANGUINE, GIAC0:M0, born at Mo-
Works Jeanne d'Arc, grand cantata for
: noijoli, Naples, in 1744, died at Naj)les in
soprano and chorus, with pianoforte and 1795. Dramatic composer, often called by
strings (prize by the Socio to libre des Beaux- the name of his birthplace ;
pupil of Carlo
Arts) 2 masses for 3 male voices and organ
; ;
Cotumacci at the Conservatorio di San Ono-
many choruses, several of which were frio, Naples, where he afterwards became a

awarded prizes. Fotis, Sui^plement, ii. 12 ;
teacher. He composed about twenty operas,
Viotta. of which the most successful were Didone, :
IN H.\PPY MO^tlENTS. See Marltana. 1771 Adriano in Siria, Ai'ianna e Teseo,

;
IN HOLDER ANMUTH, terzetto for so- Medonte, 1779 L' osteria di Marechiaro,
;
prano, tenor, and bass (Gabriel, Uriel, Ra- L' astuzia per amore, Tito nelle Gallie, and
phael), in A major, in Haydn's Die Schvp- Calipso, 1782. His best church work was
fung. No. 18. the LXXI. psalm, for 3 voices and orches-
IN MEM0RLA:\I, overture for orchestra tra. Besides, he left masses, psalms, and
and organ, by Arthur S. Sullivan, written in hymns, 3 cantatas for 3 voices with basso
186G on the death of his father, and first continue, a Passion for Good Friday, a Te
performed at the Norwich Festival, Sej^t. Deum with orchestra, etc. Fetis.
20, of that year. The score is still in MS. IN SWEETEST HARMONY, soprano
Athenfeum (18GC), i. 57G. aria of David, in E major (ending in G
IN NATIVE WÔRTH. See Mil Wiird' minor), with accompaniment of strings com-
und Hoheit. plete, in Handel's Saul, Act HI., Scene 5.
IN QUEGLI ANNI. See Kozze di Figaro. It is the sixth movement of the Elegy on
IN QUESTA TOMBA OSCURA (In this the death of Saul and Jonathan.
dark Tomb), song for alto voice with pi- INTERMEZZI, six pieces for the piano-
anoforte, text by Carpaui, music by Beet- forte by Schumann, op. 4, written in 1832,
hoven, written from a sketch between 1796 and dedicated to Kalliwoda. They consist
and 1800, making one of 63 compositions of a main theme and an alternativo. The
on the same words by various musicians, in- composer gave no clue to their meaning ;
309
IN THE MOUNTAINS
but, from the words, "Meiue Ruh' ist some of which were written in collaboration
biu," appended to No. 11., it is supposed with other composers. He is author of a
that the entire number is intended to por- manual on accompaniment with the piano-
tray Goethe's Margarete. I. Allegro quasi forte, in use at the Conservatorio, and has
maestoso, in A IL Presto a capriccio, in published a valuable collection of national

;
E minor III. Allegro marcato, in A minor and popular Spanish airs and music, in-
; ;
rV. Allegretto semplice, in C

cluding the Sevillauas, Jota Aragonese, the
; V. Allegro
moderate, in A minor VI. Allegro, in B Guarachade Cuba, etc.
; Fetis, Supjsli'ment,
minor. Published in two parts by Fried- ii. 13 Mendel, Ergilnz., 173 Viotta. ; ;
rich Hofmeister (Leipsic, 1833), and by lOLANTHE, or the Peer and the Peri,
Breitkopf & Hiirtel. fairy ojiera in two acts, text by William S.
IN THE MOUNTAINS, overture for or- Gilbert, music by Arthur S. Sullivan, first
chestra, by Arthur Footc, op. 14:, first per- represented at the Savoy Theatre, London,
formed by the Boston S^'mphony Orchestra, Nov. 25, 1882. London cast lolanthe, :
Feb. 5, 1887. The MS.

score is in Queen of the Fairies, Alice
Jessie Bond ;
IN THE MOUNTAINS, symphony

in F, Barnett Phyllis, Leonora Braham Lord ; ;
by G. Templeton Strong, first performed at Chancellor, George Grossmith Strephon, ;
Chickering Hall, New York, Nov. 21, 1887. Richard Temple Earl of Mountararat, Rut- ;
I. In the afternoon ; 11. Earl of Tololler, Dur-

Adagio, In the land Barrington ;
Gloaming IH. Allegro, At Midnight, the ward Lely Private Willis, of the Grenadier
; ;
Wild Hunt IV. Allegro molto. In the Guards, Charles Manners.

; Published by
Morn. Chappell & Co. (London, 1882). Athe-
INTRIGUE AUX FEN^TRES, L' (The nauim (1882), ii. 743 Loudon Times, Nov. ;
Intrigue at the Window), French opt'ra- 27, 1882. j
bouffon, text by Bouillj- and Diipaty, music 10 SPER.\I TROVAR RIPOSO, con- '
by Nicolo Isouard, represented at the Opera tralto aria of Ottone, in E major, with ac-
j

Comique, Paris, Feb. '21, 1805. Allgem. companiment of violins in unison, and con-
I
mus. Zeitung (7), 422. tinuo, in Handel's Ottone, Act I., Scene 5.
[
INVENTIONEN, term used by Johann Published separately, with additional ac-

a
Sebastian Bach for short isianoforte pieces, companiments by Robert Franz (Leipsic,
15 in two parts, and 15 in three parts, each Kistner).
developing a musical idea. These form the 10 T' ABBRACCIO, duet for soprano
second stage of a course of instruction for and contralto (Rodelinda and Bortarido),
his son, and were written in 1720. The in F-sharp minor, with accompaniment of 2
title was chosen to express musical inven- violins, and continuo, in Handel's Rode-
tion as well as development of technical linda, Act n.. Scene 7. Published sepa-
execution. Published by the Bach-Gesell- rately, with additional accompaniments by
schaft in Bach's Clavier Werke, vol. i., 853 Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
(Leipsic, 1853). In this, as in some other IPER:\IESTRA (Hypermnestra), Italian
editions, those for three parts are called opera iu three acts, text by Metastasio,
Sinfouien. Spitta, Bach, i. (iOo. music by Feo, first represented in Rome
INVITATION A LA VALSE. See in 1825. Scene in Argos. Characters rep-
Aufforderung zum Tanz. resented Danao, King of Argos Ipermes-
: ;
INZENGA, JOSE, Spanish pianist, and tra, his daughter, loved of Linceo Linceo, ;
dramatic composer, contemporary. He has son of Egitto, lover of Ipennestra El- ;
been professor of singing at the Madrid pinice, niece of Danao, loved of Plistene ;
Conservatorio since 1860, and has brought Plistene, Prince of Tessaglia and friend to
out in that city several successful zarzuelas. Linceo and Adrasto, confidant of Danao. ;
310
:
IPHIGfiKIE
;
Ijiermestra, the j'oungest of the Danakles, mort condamnee " Agamemnon's air, " Bril-
is the heroine. Her father, warned by the
lumiure;" the chorus, lant auteur de la
oracle that his tlu'one and life are in per- " Que d'attraits, que de majesto " and !
il from a son of Egitto, commands his Calchas's air, "Au faite des grandeurs."
daughter to slay Linceo, to whom she is Original cast
betrothed, on the night of her marriage.
Iphigenie Mile Sophie Arnould.
She does not obey, and through her dis-
Clytemnestre Mile Duplant.
cretion and nobility her father and hus-
Achille M. Legros.
baud are both rendered happj-. The scene
Agamenmou M. Larrivee.
between Ipermestra, Dauao, and Linceo in
Calchas M. Geliu.
the second act is the strongest number.
Patrocle M. Durand.
Same text, Italian operas, music by Gluck,
Venice, 1742 Johann Adolph Hasse, In December, 1824, the opera reached its
;
SchOubruuu and Vienna, 1744, Dresden, 428th representation. It was revived iu

1751 Duni, Dresden, 1745
; Cafaro, Na- ;
ples,1751 Jommelli, Spoleto, 1752 Perez,

; ;
Lisbon, 1754 Sarti, Eome, 17GG ; Mysli- ;
weczek, Rome, 17G0 Majo, Naples, 1770 ;

;
Naumann, Venice, 1774 Martin y Solar, ;
Eome, 1784; Eispoli, Milan, 1786; Merca-

dante, Naples, 1825 Saldoni, Madrid, 1838
; ;
and Carnicier, Saragossa, 1843. Same title,

text by Salvi, music by Giacomelli, Parma,
1704, Venice, 1724 Baldassare Galujjpi, ;
text by his son, Munich, 1751, and Venice,

17(51.
IPHIGENIE EN AULIDE (Iphigenia in

Aulis), tragedie lyrique in three acts, text by
the Bailly du Eollet, after Eaeine, music by
Gluck, first represented at the Oîera, Paris,
April 29, 1774. One of Ghick's master-
lîeces, written in 1772, first rehearsed in
Sophie Arnould.
Vienna, and performed iu Paris through
the influence of Marie Antoinette. It was Vienna in October, 1867, having been first
conducted bj' Gluck in person, and was re- jjerformed there, Dec. 14, 1808 revived ;
ceived with great enthusiasm. During the in Berlin in 1888. Published by Deslau-
scene between Achilles and the chorus, riers (Paris, 1774). This opera was rescored
" Chantous, celobrons notre reine," the by Wagner. Pianoforte arrangement by-
audience rose and saluted Marie Antoi- Hans von "Nach der Beai-beitunc
Billow,
nette. This work gave a final blow to the von Eichard Wagner" (1859). Lajarte, i.
. operas of Lulli and Eameau, and marks the 275 Marx, Gluck und die Oper, ii. 37-
;
beginning of the modern opera. Its star- 133 ; Eeissmann, Gluck, 13G ; Hanslick,
tling innovations, and new combinations Moderne Oper, 6 Eitter, Eeform der Oper ;
of tone-color, occasioned many discussions. durch Gluck, 262 Schmid, Gluck, 172 Des- ; ;
The principal numbers are The overture, noiresterres, Gluck et Piccinni, 97 Wag-
: ;
which is performed the chorus ner, Gesammelte Schriften, v. 143 Clement

frequentlj' ; ;
of the Hellenes demanding Iphigt'nie's sac- et Larousse, 363 Naumann (Ouseley), 834, ;
rifice ; her aria, "Par un pere cruel a la 840 Grove, i. 602 ii. 18. ; ;
: : ;;
iphigEnie
IPHIGfiNIE EN TAURIDE (Ipbigeuia June 6, 179G. Mile Leroux and Adolphe
in Tauris), tragudie lyrique in four acts, text Nourrit made their dubut in the characters
hj Guillarcl after Euripides, music by Gluck, of Ii^higenie and Pylade in 1821. The
first represented at the Academie Royale ojjera, up to June 1829, had been performed
de Musique, Paris, May 18, 1779. This 408 times. It was produced in Vienna, Oct.
work is tlie most complete expression of 23, 1781. Published by Deslauriers (Paris,
Gluck's genius. The recitatives are dra- 1779).Lajarte, i. 308 Marx, Gluck und ;
matic, the arias melodious, and the over- die Oper, ii. 255 Ritter, Reform der Oper ;
ture, which is frequently played, of rich durch Gluck, 271; Schmid, Gluck, 335 ;
;
colour. The chief numbers are Thoas's Reissmann, Gluck, 171 Hanslick, Moderne
: ;
air, " De noirs pressentiments mon ame in- Oper, 18 Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Piccin-;
tiraidce " Pylade's air, " Unis dos la plus ui, 248
; Ck'ment et Larousse, 304 Nau- ; ;
teudre enfance ;
" the chorus of Priestesses, mann (Ouseley), 843.
IPIUGfiNIE EN TAUrjDE, tragcdie
lyrique in four acts, text by DubreuU, mu-
sic by Piccinni, first represented at the
Acadcmie Royale de Musique, Paris, Jan.

28, 1781. Dubreuil had offered this li-
bretto to Gluck, who at the time was writing
Armide. Piccinni accepted the text with
the promise from the manager of the Opera
that his work should be represented on Jan.
15, 1779, and precede that of Gluck on the
same subject but the promise was broken.
;
This opera was performed seventeen con-

secutive times, but Gluck's success caused
its death. It received thirty-two represen-
tations, and was performed at Piccinni's
benefit, Nov. G, 1790. The chief numbers
are Pylade's air, " Oreste au uom de la
: !
patrie ;" and the chorus, "Sans murmurer

servons les dieux." Original cast
Rosalie Levasseur. Iphigenie Mile Laguerre.

Oreste M. Larrivee.
" Chaste de Latone " Oreste's air,
fille ;
Pylade M. Legros.
"Le calme reutre dans mon cteur " the ;
chorus of Scythians, " II nous fallait du Same title, text by Ducho and Danchet,
sang " the duo of Oreste and Pylade and music by Desmarest and Campra, repre-
; ;
Tphigi'iiie's arias, " O nialheureuse Iphi- sented at the Academie Royale de Musique^.
gouie," and, " Je fimjilore et je tremble." Paris, May 6, 1704. Ifigeuia in Tauride,
Original cast Italian operas, music by Rome,
Scarlatti,
1713 ; Orlandiai, Italy, Leonardo
1719 ;
Iphigenie Mile Rosalie Levasseur.

Vinci, Venice, 1725 ; Jommelli, Rome, 1751
Oreste M. Larrivee.
Mazzoni, Treviso, 1756 Agricola, Berlin, ;
Pylade M. Legros.
text by Landi, March 24, 1772 Galuppi, St. ;
Thoas M. Moreau.
17C8 Tarchi, Venice, 1785
Petersburg, ; ;
During the Revolution this opera was given Monza, Milan, 1784 Carafa, Naples, 1817. ;
on the 18th VendLmiaire (Oct. 9, 1792), and Schmid, Gluck, 371 Lajarte, i. 322 ;
312
I PRAISE
Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Piccinni, 291 ;
school in GOrlitz in 1863, became organist
Cit'ment et Larousse, 364 ; Grove, ii. 748. at Trinity church there in 1878, and organ-
I PEAISE THEE, O LORD. See Ich ist and instructor of music at the Padatrocr-
o o
daiike dir, Herr. in 1881. ium
Published in- at Ziillichau
lEA D' ACHILLE, L'. music for pianoforte, and songs,
See AchUle nell' structive
assedio di Troja. an Allgemeine Musiklehre for the use of
IRATO, L', ou Temporte, opera-comique schools (1865), and a treatise on Harmony.
in one act, text by Marsollier, music by Mendel Riemann. ;
Mehul, first repi'esented at the Opera Co- IRISH SYMPHONY in F minor, by

mique, Paris, Feb. 17, 1801. Translated Charles Villiers Stanford, op. 28, first per-
into German as Die Temperamente, Vienna, formed under Hans Richter, in London,
July 9, 1803, and as Der Tollkopf, Leijisic, -June 27, 1887 first time in America by the ;
April, 1804. Clement et Larousse, 365 ;

Symphony Society, New York, Jan. 28,
Allgem. mus. Zeitung (3), 514 ; (5), 733 ;
1888. The score bears the motto : Ij)se
(6), 466. fave clemens patrite patriamque canenti,

IRDISCHES UND GOTTLICHES IM Phcebe, coronata qui canis ipse lyra. I.
IMENSCHENLEBEN (The Earthly and the Allegro moderato II. Allegro molto vi- ;
Divine in Man's Life), called also Doppel- vace m. Andante con moto IV. Allegro ; ;
Sinfonie (Double Symphony), symphony for moderato. The last number is based upon
two orchestras, by Louis Spohr, op. 121, the songs. Remember the glories of Brian
first 25erformed at Cassel, 1841. In three the brave, Let Erin remember the daj's of
parts L Kinderwelt (The World of Child- old.
: Upton, Standard Symphonies, 261 ;
hood) n. Zeit der Leidenschaften (The Krehbiel (1888), 40.

;
Age of the Passions) IQ. Endlicher Sieg

; IRLANDE, nine melodies for one and
des Gottlichen (The Final Victory of the two voices with ^Jianoforte, ou the Songs of
Divine Principle). It was well received in Thomas. Moore, translated into French by
Cassel, and after its publication by Schu- F. Gounet, music by Hector Berlioz, op. 2,
berth (Hamburg), made its way into many composed in 1829, and dedicated to Thomas
of the large towns of Germany and Eng- Moore. First published as Neuf Melodies
land. It was given in New York, by the irlaudaises (Richault, Paris, 1830). Re-
Philharmonic Society, in the season of edited as Irlande, about 1850. La belle
1848-49.
SiJohr's Autobiography (English voyageuse, arranged for male quartet, was
ed.), ii. 236 Schumann, Gesammelte Schrif- sung in Paris, Nov. 6, 1834, and was also
;
ten, ii. 327. arranged for mezzo-soprano with orchestra

IRENE, German Festoper (Pastorale), by Berlioz. The Chant sacre, dedicated to
text by Postel, music by Reiuhold Keiser, the Abbe Deguerr}', was arranged for chorus
first represented at Hamburg in 1697, in and orchestra. Helene was sung at the
celebration of the Peace of Ryswick. The Salle Herz, Paris, Feb. 3, 1844.Jullien
whole title is: "Die durch Wilhelm den (1888), 42.
Grossen in Britannien wieder eingefiihrte ISAAK, HEINRICH (Isaac, Isac, Isak,
Irene." Irene is the personification of peace Ysac, known in Italy as Arrhigo Tedesco),
(Greek ttpiyi-jj). time and place of birth unknown, died be-
I REVEL IN HOPE. See Oheron. fore 1531. Ambros considers the legend
IRGANG, WILHEL^kl, born at Hirsch- that he was born in Prague not wholly un-
berg, Silesia, Feb. 23, 1836, still living, trustworthy, as the rhythm of some of his
1889. Instrumental and vocal composer, melodies is unquestionably Bohemian, and
pupil of A. "W. Bach and Grell at the Royal this very unusual surname is still borne by
Academy, Berlin. He founded a music a few families in that city. He was in
813
;
ISABELLE
Floreuce, high in favour with Lorenzo the voc.) iu Munich Library (MS. vol. No. 0428
Maguificeut, aud intimate with Josquin, in Burgundy Library, Brussels, contains
Hobrecht, Agricola, and other noted com- Virgo prudentissima under title Missa '
'
'
posers, probably between the years 1475 de Assumptione B. V. M., heric ysac '). H.
aud 1480. He held the post of maestro Motets and Psalms Five in Glarean's :
di cajspella at S. Giovanni, aud was teacher Dodecachordon (3 repiinted iu Burney, ii.

of Lorenzo's children. 521-524
It appears also that Hawkins, ch. 70 and Forkel) ; ;
he was charge d'aflaires from the Emperor five (' Oj^time Pastor,' Virgo i)rudentis- '
Maximilian I. to the court of Florence so sima,' G voc, and Ave sanctissima Maria,' ;
'
he was probably in Maximilian's service iu Prophetarum maxime,' O Mai-ia Mater ' '
Vienna before going to Florence he cer- Christi,' 4 voc), iu Lib. select, cant. Wyr-
;
tainly re-entered it after leaviug there. If suug Augsburg, 1520 (MS. copy in Fetis's ;
Isaak, accordiug to the accepted tradition, Library, Brussels, No. 1G79). For others
was really a German, he was the first re.illy see Eitner's Biographic der mus. Sammel-
great German composer ; his intimate re- werke, Berlin, 1877.
HI. Lieder, etc Ten :
lations with the Italian and Netherlandish in Ott's collection, CXV. guter newer Lied-
masters whom he met in Floreuce had a lein (Nuremberg, 1544 reprinted, Berlin, ;
strong iufluence upon him, and his contra-

puntal works have a certain cosmopolitau
flavoiu- quite unique iu his day. His song *CÔ
" Inspruk, ich muss dieh lassen," is now fa-
mihar as the choral melody, "Nun ruhen
alle W'iilder." As a song-writer he stands
above his German contemporaries, Hoff- Liepnianussohu) four iu I'orstcr's collec- ;
haimer, Stolzer, aud Heiurich Finck, aud tion, Eiu Auszug guter teutscher Liedlein'
he far excelled them all iu the larger field (Nm-emberg, Petreius, 1539). Ambros, iii.
of counterpoint. Works : I. 23 Masses : 380.

Of Charge de deul,' Misericor-
these, live (' ISABELLE ET GERTRUDE, ou les
'
dias Domini,'Quant jay a cor,' La Sjiagua,' sylphes supfjoscs, opera-comicjue in one act,
'
'
'
Comme femme') published under the text by Favart on Voltaire's "L'educatiou
title Misse Heiurici Izac (Petrucci, Veu- des filles," music by Gretry, first represent-
' '
ice, 150G. A copy is in the library of ed at the Ojiera Comique, Geneva, iu 17G7.
the Liceo, Bologna) two (' Carmiuum,' Same text, music by Blaise, previously
;
'
Uue Musque de Biscay Op. represented at the Theatre Italien, Aug. 14,
') in Ehau's '
dec. miss. 4 voc' (Wittenberg, 1541) one 1765 same text, music by Antonio Pacini,
; ;
(' O Prteclara ') in Lib. XX. miss. (Petreius, Theatre Feydeau, :\Iarch 1, 180G. Clement
Nuremberg, 1539) MS. score iu the Sonu- et Larousse, 3G6.
;
leithner collection in the Berlin Library ISAIAH, cantata, text by Giuseppe Albini, ;
two (' Salve uos,' Fruhlich Wesen ') in music by Maucinelli, first performed at the
'
Ott's Missie Xn. (Nuremberg, 1539. Pleni Norwich (England) Festival, Oct. 13, 1887.
'
sunt' from the latter in score in Sonn- Atheufcum (1887), ii. 543.
leithuer MSS.) ; eight ('Solemni,' 'Magne ISHAINI, JOHN, born in England about
Deus,' '
PaschaHs,' '
De Confessoribus,' 1680, died at Westminster iu June, 172G.
'Dominicans,' 'De 'De Organist and church composer. He was
B. Vii-gine,' two
Martyribus,' 4 voc.
all ; iu MS.
some years deputy organist for Dr.
in Koyal for
Library, Vienna) five (' Vii-go
; pruden- Croft, and succeeded him at St. Ann's in
tissima,* 'Solemni,' 'De Apostolis,' 'Sine 1711. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1713. He was
nomine,' all G voc. aud 'De Apostolis,' 4 successively organist of St. Andrew's, Hoi-
;
ISIS
born, 1718, aiul of St. Margaret's, West- IS NOT HIS WORD LIKE A FIRE?
minster. Hawkins reprinted Lis duet, See 1st nicht des Herrn Wort.
Buiy delights my from a col-
roving ej-e, ISOLA DISABITATA,
L' (The Desert
lection of songs which he published in opera in one act, text by
Island), Italian
company with Morley. He composed also Metastasio (1752), music by Haydn, first
anthems, two of which were iûblished in represented at Eszterhaz, Dec. G, 1779, in
Dr. Croft's collection (1712).
Grove Bur- honour of Prince Nicolaus Eszterhazy's
;
ney. Hist., iii. GO'S ;Hawkins, Hist., v. name-day. Represented at the Court The-
102. atre, Vienna, March 19, 1785. It is one of
Haydn's best operas, was composed in 1779,
ISIS, tragic opera in five acts, with a pro-
logue, ballet, and elaborate mise en scone, and gained him admission to the Accade-
text by Quinault, music by LuUi, first rep- mia Filarmonica of Modena. Haydn sent
resented at the Academie Royale de Musique, the score to the King of Spain. The text-
Paris, Jan. 5, 1G77. Subject, the nymph lo, book published by Seiss (Oldenburg, 1779)
beloved by Jupiter and persecuted by Juno, contains the cast Constanza, wife of Ger- :
and her transformation to the divinity Isis. nando, Signora Barbara Ripamonte Silvia, ;
The opera was a triumph for Lulli but her younger sister, Signora Luigia Polzelli
;
Quinault was banished from court and from Gernando, husband of Constanza, Siguor
the theatre for two years, on account of Andrea Totti Enrico, companion of Ger- ;
sujjposed allusions to Mile de Montespan nando, Signor Benedetto Bianchi. Ger-

in the character of Juno. The score was nando embarks with his wife and her sister
published (Paris, 1G77 2d edition, 1719). for the West Indies, is wrecked on a desert
;
Lajarte, i. 31 ;Clement et Larousse, 367. island, and captured by pirates but after ;
ISMENE, German pastoral, by Reinhard three years escapes and joins his wife on
Keiser, comjiosed for the court of Bruns- the island. Their reunion is the climax of
wick in 1G92, and first represented in that the opera. Other Italian operas on the
year at Wolfeubilttel. Same title, French same text Music by Bono, Vienna, 1752 :
pastorale heroique in one act, text bj' Mon- Holzbauer, Mannheim, 175-1 Perez, Lisbon, ;
crif, music by Rebel and Francour, jjer- 17G7 Traetta, St. Petersburg, 17G9
; Nau- ;
formed at Versailles in December, 1747, manu, Venice, 1773 Schuster (in German), ;
and at the Opera, Paris, Aug. 28, 1750. Dresden, 1778, (in Italian) Najiles, 1781
Ismene et Ismenias, ou la fete de Jujîter, Mengozzi, Paris, Aug. 22, 1789 Spontini, ;
French pastoral in three acts, text by Florence, 1798 Maudanici, Najiles, about ;
Laujon, music by Laborde, represented at 1824; Garcia, Naples, 1830. Same title,
Versailles in 17G3, and at the Academic text by Goldoni, music by Scarlatti, Vienna,
Royale de Musique, Paris, Dec. 11, 1770. 1757 and by Jommelli, Stuttgart, 1765.
;
Ismene et Lindor, French jiastoral in one Clement et Larousse, 368 Pohl, Haydn, ii. ;
act, by Louis Joseph Francojur, Paris, Aug. 99, 353.
30, 17G6. Lajarte, i. 215. ISOLA, GAETANO, born at Genoa in

ISNARDI, PAOLO, born at Ferrara in 1761 dramatic composer whose family set-
;
tlie first half of the IGth century, died at tled in Palermo while he was young. He
the age of sixty. Church composer, monk, wrote for the Italian theatres, and in 1812
and afterwards superior of the monastery of retired to his native city, where he became
Monte Cassino, and maestro di cappella of maestro concertante of the theatre. He
the Cathedral of Ferrara. His masses, mo- wrote a great deal of church and chamber
tets, psalms, magnificats, etc., were jmb- music among his operas is one written for
;
lished in Venice (1561-94). Fetis Ger- Turin La conquista del velo d' oro (1791).
; :
ber Walther.
; Fetis Mendel. ;
315
;
ISOUARD
ISOUARD (Isoai-a), NICOLO (called in imtil Boieldieu aud Auber came upon the
France Nicolo), boiii iu Malta, Dec. G, 1775, stage, he had practically uo rival at the Ope-
died in Paris, ra Comique. But he could uot compete
March 23, 1818. with his new rivals, and when Boieldieu
The sou of a was elected to succeed Mt'hul at the lusti-
mercli ant, he tut, iu 1817, he entered vipou a course of
was taken when dissipation which brought on consump-

a boy to Paris, tion.
Works Operas L' avviso ai mari- :
educated tati, Florence, 179-1 Ai-taserse, Leghorn,

aud ;
for the navy at 1795 II barbiere di Siviglia, Malta, 179G

; ;
the Institution Eiualdo d' Asti, ib., 179G Le tonneher, ;
Berthaud, stud- Malta, 1797 Paris, May 17, 1801 L' im- ; ;
ying the piano- provvisata in campagna, Malta, 1797 (as

forte mean- Ij' impromptu de campagne, Paris, June 30,
while under Pin. In 1790 he was placed 1800) Ginevra di Seozia, Malta, 1798
; ;
in a merchant's office iu Malta, studied Le petit page (with Kreutzer), Paris, Feb.
harmony there under Yella and Azopardi, 11, 1800 Flaminius a Coriuthe (with
;
later at Palermo under Amendola, and Kreutzer), ib.. Opera, Feb. 28, 1801 La ;
lastly at Naples under Sala and Gugliel- statue, ou la femme avare, April 29, 1801
mi, still keeping up his connection with Michel Auge, Theatre Feydeau, Dec. 11,
commerce. At length, against his father's 1802 Les confidences, ib., March 30, 1803 ;
;
will, he gave up commerce, and brought Le baiser et la quittance (with Me'hul,

out his first opera, " L' avviso ai maritati," Kreutzer, and Boieldieu), ib., June 17,
in Florence, 1795. He dropped 1803
his sur- Le medeciu turc, Opei'a Comique,
;
name, so as not to disgrace his family, and Nov. 19, 1803 Uinirifjue aux fenetres, ib.,
;
was henceforth known as Nicolii. From Feb. 24, 1805 Le dejeuner de garyons, ib., ;
Florence he went to Leghorn, thence back April 21, 1805 La ruse inutile, ib.. May ;
to JIalta, where he succeeded Vincenzo 30, 1805 Leonce, ou le fils adoptif, ib.,
;
Anfossi as organist at the Church of St. Nov. 18, 1805 La prise de Passau, Fey- ;
John of Jerusalem, and afterwards at S. deau, Feb. 8, 180G Idala, ou la sultane, ;
Martino as maestro di cappella of the order. ib., July 30, 1806 Les rendez-vous bour- ;
After the occupation of the island by the geois. Opera Comique, May 9, 1807 Les ;
French in 1798, he weut to Paris, where he cruanciers, ou le remede a la goutte, ib.,

wrote two operas with Rodolpbe Kreutzer. Dec. 10, 1807 ; Un jour u Paris, ib.. May
Delrieu also rewrote the libretti of two of 21, 1808 ; Cimarosa, Feydeau, June 28,
his Italian operas, which were given with 1808 ; L'intrigue au serail, ib., April 25,
some success. Nicolo made also a marked 1809 ; CemlriUon, ib., Feb. 22, 1810 ; La
society success as a pianist, and formed the victime des arts and Berton),(with Solic
acquaintance of Hoffmann, aud Ktieune, by Opera Comique, Feb. 27, 1811 La fete du ;
whose advice he benefited, and to whose village, ib., March 31, 1811 Le billet de ;
librettihe owed much of the success of his loterie, ib., Sept. 14, 1811 Le magicieu ;
subsequent operas. He had a remarkable sans magie, ib., Nov. 4, 1811 Lulli ct ;
gift of melody and great skill iu writing Quinault, ou le dejeuner impossible, Fey-
for the voice, especially in concerted pieces. deau, Feb. 27, 1812 Le prince de Catane, ;
His style was extremely simple, his comedy ib., March 4, 1813 Le Fran(;ais a Venise, ;
excellent, never degenerating into vulgar- Opera Comique, June 14, 1813 Le siege ;
ity. He had the true Freucli dramatic de Mezieres, ou Baijard a Jlezieres (with
sense. He based his style u2)on Gretry, aud, Cherubiui, Catel, aud Boieldieu), ib., Feb.
316
ISRAEL
12, 1814 Joconde, on les coureurs d'aven-
; adaptation of an organ fugue, or canzoua,
tures, Feydeau, Feb. 28, 1814 Jeanuot et ; by Johann Caspar Kerl. Israel in Egypt
Coliu, ib., Oct. 17, 1814 Les deux maris, ; was performed but nine times during Han-
Opera Comique, March 18, 1816 L'une ; del's life. It was given entire at Covent
pour I'autre, Feydeau, May 11, 181G ;
Garden in 17G5, with songs from Handel's
Aladln, lampe luerveilleuse (posthu-
ou la Italian operas, and under Sir George Smart's
mous, finished by Beuiucori), Feb. 6, 1822 ;
direction, March IG, 181G. It was first sung
A scene or two in Une nuit de Gustave in Germany by the Singakademie of Ber-
lin, Dec. 8, 1831, and at the Diisseldorf Fes-
tival of 1833, under Mendelssohn. It was

revived intact by the Sacred Harmonic Soci-
ety of London, Feb. 23, 1849, and has been
performed at all the Handel Festivals in
England. For that of 1857 the orchestral
Wasa (the rest by Gasse), Opera Comique, score was added to by Sir Michael Costa.
Sept. 29, 1827 ; 9 cantatas, masses, psalms, This oratorio was first sung in Boston
motets, vocal concert pieces, all written in by the Handel and Haydn Society, Feb.
Malta. Futis ; do., Suppk''ment, ii. 14. 13, 1859 but its most noticeable perform-
;
ISKAJEL IN EGYPT, oratorio in two ance in America was during the May Fes-
acts, text from the Bible, music by Handel, tival in New York, in 1882. The score,
first performed at the King's Theatre, Lon- which remained unedited during Handel's
don, April 4, 1739, " with new concertos on life, was first p)ublished by Randall (Lon-
the organ." This work, the most colossal don) full score, edited by Mendelssohn
;
of oratorios, was composed in twenty-seven with organ part for the Handel Society
days. The autograph IMS. is in Bucking- of London (1845), by Chrysauder for the
ham Palace. The present second part was Handelgesellschaft (Breitkojjf & Hartel,
written first, and bears the dates "Moses Leip)sic, 18G3). Grove, ii. 25 Eeissmann, ;
Song, Exodus, Chap. 15 angefangen Oc- Handel, 121 Chrysander, Hiiudel, ii. 59
|
;
;
tob' 1738 Introitus, and Fine Oetob'' 11, Rockstro, 218, 233
I
Schcelcher, 208, 423 ; ;
1738 den 1 Novemb' viillig geendet." The Glehn, Goethe and Mendelssohn (1G9) Up-
I
;
recitative, with which the oratorio begins, ton, Standard Oratorios, 117 Hensel, Men- ;
is headed, "Act ye 2 15 Octob^ 1738." The delssohn, i. 279 Allgem. mus. Zeit. (34), 73 ;
;
oratorio was so coldly received that on April Athemeum (1849), 234; (1857), 827, 8G0.
11, 1739, it was shortened and intermixed ISRAELITEN IN DER WUSTE, DIE
with songs, sung by La Francesina. It (The Israelites in the Desert), oratorio by
was originally preceded by the Funeral An- Philipp Emanuel Bach, text by Schiebler,
them, sung as Lamentations of the Israelites written in Hamburg, 17G9. It contains a
for the death of Joseph, which accounts for short instrumental prelude, and twenty
the absence of an overture. The work con- numbers. Characters represented : Moses,
sists of twenty-eight choruses, the most of bass Aaron, tenor and two Israelites, so-
; ;
which are double choruses, five arias, andprani. Bitter, Emanuel and Friedmann
three duets. Many
numbers are Bach, ii. 2 Allgem. mus. Zeitung (20), 73.
of these ;
taken from Handel's organ fugues and from ISRAELITEN IN DER WUSTE, DIE,
a MS. Magnificat, of disputed authorship, oratorio, by Eduard August Grell, first per-
preserved in Buckingham Palace. Macfar- formed by the Singakademie of Berlin in
ren, who edited the score for the Sacred January, 1839. Allgem. mus. Zeit. (41), 14G.
Harmonic Society (London, 1857), thinks ISRAEL RESTORED, oratorio, by Will-
that the chorus, Egypt was glad, was an iam Richard Bexfield, first pierformed at the
;
ISRAELS
Norwich (Eaglaud) Festival, Sept. 22, 1852 ;
Poissl, Darmstadt, 1818. Clement et La-
again iu 1879. Sung at Koyal Albert Hall, rousse, 370.
London, April 15, 1880. Athenaeum (1852), 1ST NICHT DES HERRN WORT, bass
1039. aria of Ehas, iu A minor, in Mendelssohn's
ISRAELS SIEGESGESANG (Israel's Eliatt, No. 17.
Song of Victory), cantata for soprano solo, ISTORIE BELLE A LEGGERE. See
chorus, and orchestra, text from the Bible, Crutpino e la Comare.
music by Ferdinand Hiller, op. 151, first ITALIANA IN /VLGERI, L', Italian opera
performed at the Cologne Festival, IMay 28, bufili in two acts, text by AnelU, music by
1871. It consists of eight numbers, and Rossini, first represented at the Teatro San
was written to celebrate the victorious end- Benedetto, Venice, in 1813. It was written
ing of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. ill less than eighteen days. Performed in
Published by F. C. E. Leuckart (Leipsio, Milan, April 12, 1814 Paris, Feb. 1, 1817, ;
1871). Mus. Wochenblatt (1871), 380, 582 and at the Iviug's Theatre, London, June
;
Upton, Standard Cantatas, 203. 27, 1819 given in New York, Nov. 17, ;
ISSIPILE (Hypsipylo), Italian opera, text 1833. An opera of the same title, bj' Luigi
by Metastasio, music by Porpora, first rep- Mosca, had been previously represented iu
resented in Rome in 1723. Scene in Milan, Aug. 16, 1808. .Ulgem. mus. Zei-
Lemnos. Characters represented Toante, tung (16), 450. :
King of Lemnos Issipile, daughter of To-

; ITALIANA IN LONDRA, L', intermezzo
ante, bethrothed to Giasone Princess Eu- a cinque voci, Italian opera bulla in two
;
riuome, mother of Learco Giasone, Prince acts, by Cimarosa, first represented iu

;
of Thcssaly, conductor of the Argonauts to Rome in 1774. Performed in Paris at the

Colchis, and lover of Issipile Rodope, con- ItaHens, Oct. 17, 1801. Clement et La-
;
fidante to Issipile and Learco, son of Eu- rousse, 371.

;
rinome, and rejected lover of Issipile. The ITiyXlN CONCERTO. See Concert dans
inhabitants of Lemnos, waging war against le style Italien.
Thrace, have been conquered by the women ITALIAN SYMPHONY, name given to
of tliat country, and remain there until To- the Fourth Symphony iu A, by Mendelssohn,
ante bids them return with him to Lem- op. 90, written for the Philharmonic So-
nos, to witness the marriage of his daughter ciety of London, and first performed there
with Giasone. The jealousy of the warriors' iindcr tlie direction of the composer. May
wives has turned to fury and, led by Euri- 13, 1833. Composed in Rome and Naples,
nome, they form a plot to massacre their and completed in Berlin, March 13, 1833.
husbands at the feast of Bacchus. To save I. Allegro vivace H. Andante con moto ;
her father, Issipile dissembles. After vari- HI. Con moto moderato IV. Saltarello, ;
ous incidents the tumult is quieted, recon- presto. Published by Breitkopf & Hilrtel,
ciliation established, and Issipile is married Mendelssohn Werke, Serie i., No. 4. Up-
to Giasone. Same text, Italian operas, music ton, Standard Symphonies, 182.
by Conti, Vienna, 1732 Sandoiii, London, ; IT.VLIEN, symphonic fantasia for orches-
1735 Terradeglias, Florence, 1712 Beller- tra by Richard Strauss, first performed by
; ;
mann, Florence, 1744 John Christopher the Brooklyn Philharmonic Society, March
;
Smith, London, 171G Holzbauer, Mann- 17, 1888 iu Boston, Dec. 22, 1888.
; ;
heim, 1753 Cocehi, London, 1758 Scar-

; IT IS ENOUGH. See Es ist genug.
;
latti, Vienna, 17G0 Gassmann, Vienna,

; r\T5S, SBION, English composer of the
17G0 Schwanberg, Brunswick, 1766 Ga- 17th century, died in 1662. Vicar-choral of
; ;
luppi, 1775 Anfossi, London, 1784

; Flor- St. Paul's cathedral with Henry and Will-
; ;
ence, 1791 ;Ellerton, London, 1825 von iam Lawes he composed iu 1633 the music
;
318
IVllY
for Shirley's masque, The Triumph of Peace, and orchestra do. for violin Magnificat ; ;
performed Court, 1G33-34.

at Ou the for chorus and orchestra 2 masses for male ;
suppression of choral service he became a voices Pianoforte music Part-songs, and ; ;
singing master. Ou the death of William songs. Athenajum (1881), ii. 473.
Lawes he wrote Lamentation and Mouru- JACKSON, WILLIAJVI, born at Exeter,
iug, an elegy. Many of his catches and May 28, 1730, died there, July 12, 1803.
rounds are printed in Hilton's collection Violinist and dramatic composer, jjuiîl of
(1G52), Playford's Musical Companion Silvester, organist of Exeter Cathedral, and
(1G72), and other collections.
Grove Haw- in 1748 of John Travers, London
;
taught ;
kins, V. 23 Burney, iii. 370.

;
music in Exeter became master of the ;
IVRY, PAUL XAVIER DfiSHlfi, Mar- choristers, lay vicar, and organist at Exeter
quis DE EICHARD D', born at Beauno Cathedral in 1777. Works The Lord of :
(Cote-d'Or), Feb. 4, 1829, still living, 1880. the Manor, opera, given in London, 1780 ;
Amateur composer, settled in Paris in 1854, The Metamorphoses, do., ib., 1783 Ode to ;
and studied composition with Aristide Hig- Fancy Lycidas The dying Christian to ; ;
nard, and counterpoint with Leborne, hav- his Soul 14 Sonatas for the harjjsichord
;
;
ing previously composed two comic operas. Madrigals Canzonets Hymns Anthems
; ; ;

Works Operas Fatma Quentin Metzys
:
;
and church services Songs. He iûblished ;
(1854) La maison du docteur, given at

;
Observations on the present State of Music
Dijon, 1855 Omphale et Penelope Les
; ;
in Loudon (1791) ; Four Ages, together
amauts de Verone, given at Daprez's school, with Essays on various subjects (1798).
18G7, under the pseudouj'm Richard Irvid, Grove ; Fetis ; Barrett, English Church
and, rewritten and enlarged to five acts, at Composers, 13G.
the Theatre Ventadour, Oct. 12, 1878 Con- ;
JACKSON, WILLIAM, born at Masham,
cert overture (1847) ; Vocal melodies. Fc- Yorkshire, England, Jan. 9, 181G, died at
tis, iSuppU'nieut, ii. 15. Bradford, April 15, 18GG. Organist, self-
IWAN IV. DER GRAUSAME (Ivan the taught in counterpoint and harmony, and
Terrible), musical portrait for orchestra, by ou several instruments became organist at ;
Anton Rubinsteiu, op. 79, dedicated to Masham in 1832, at St. John's Church,
Count Wladimir Solohub. First jjerformed Bradford, in 1852, of Horton Lane Chapel
in Vienna in 1870. Published by Bote & in 185G conducted the Bradford Choral ;

Bock (Berlin, 184G). Neue Zeitschrift fiu.' Union was chorus-master at the Bradford ;
Musik (1870), 412 Mas. Wochenblatt ;

festivals in 1853, 185G, and 1859 was made ;
(1872), 149. conductor of the Festival Choral Society in

I WILL SING UNTO THE LORD. 185G. Works The Deliverance of Israel:
See Moses and the Children of Israel. from Babylon, oratorio, 1845 Isaiah, do. ; ;
The Praise of Music, cantata The Year, ;
do., 1859 The 103d Psalm, for soli, cho-

;
and orchestra Mass Church services

JACKET (Jaquet) . See Berchem ; Buus. rus, ; ; ;
JACKSON, ARTHUR HERBERT, Anthems, glees, and songs Manual of Sing- ;
born England, 1852, died in London, ing. Grove.

in
Sept. 27, 1881. Pianist, pupil at the Royal JACOB, sacred cantata, text by MacCaul,
Academy of Music, where he won the bronze, nuisic by Henry Smart, written for and
the silver, and the Lucas medals, and be- given at the Glasgow Festival, Nov. 7, 1873,
came professor of harmony and composition. and repeated Nov. 7, 1874. Athenseum
Works Jason and the Golden Fleece, can-
: (1873), ii. G04.
tata The Bride of Abydos, overture Inter-
; ; JACOB, BEN.JAMIN, born in London in
mezzo for orchestra Concerto for pianoforte 1778, died there, Aug.
;
24, 1829. Organ-
sis
; :
JACOB
ist, pupil of Willougbb}', Shrubsole, and flutist, and vocal composer. During his
Arnold. Became chorister at Portland youth he travelled through Germany, France,
Chapel at the age of seven, and organist of and Italj' ; served for a while in the army of
Salem Chapel, Soho, when only ten after- ; the Republic of Venice, afterwards visited
wards organist at Carlisle Chajjel. Bentinck Pai'is, Copenhagen, and Stockholm, and
Chapel, and Surrey Chapel conducted a ; lived at Kiel in 1651, when he was called
series of oratorios in 1800 gave organ re-
;
to Luneburg to become cantor at the St.
citals in 1808, 1809, 1811, 1812, and 1814 ;
Johannisschule. Several collections of his
became organist at St. John's, Waterloo sacred songs were jaublished in 1651-03.
Koad, in 1823. Works National Psalmody,
: He
composed, 1653, the Singspiel, Das
a collection of tunes for every Sunday (Lon- Friedejauchzende Teutscbland. Fetis ;
don, 1819) Dr. Watt's Divine and Moral Walther.

;
Songs, as solos, duets, and trios Glees and JACOBY (Jacobi), GEORGES, born in
;
Songs. Grove. Berlin, Feb. 13, 1840, still living, 1889. Vio-
JACOB, FRIEDKICH AUGUST LEBE- and dramatic composer. His jjai-ents
linist
llECHT, born at Kroitzsch, near Liegnitz, settled in France while he was young pu- ;
Silesia, June 25, 1803. Vocal composer, pupil of Massart at the Conservatoire 2d ;
pil of the cantor Speer, and of Hentschel prize for violin in 1859, 1st prize in 1861.
in 1824 he became cantor and organist at About that time he entered the orchestra of
Konradsdorf, where he was still in 1850. the Ojjura, and in 1808 became chef d'or-
Wôrks Choruses for male voices Various chestre at the Bouffes Parisiens. He went
: ;
collections of songs for 1-4 voices, chiefly to London in 1870, and in 1872 became con-
for use in schools Method of vocal instruc- ductor at the Alhambra. Works Oiêrettas
;
tion in popular schools.
Fotis Mendel. Le feu aus poudres, Paris, 1809 La nuit
; ;
JACOB, GUNTHER, Bohemian com- du 15 octobre, ib., Bouffes Parisiens, 1809 ;
poser of the first part of the 18th century. The Black Crook (with Frederick Clay), Lou-
He was a Benedictine monk in Prague, don, 1872 Mariee depuis midi, monologue, ;
where his masses, psalms, Te Deums, and ib., 1873 La foret enchautee, ballet-panto-;
other church music were published (1714- mime, ib., 1873 The Demon's Bride, fairy ;
20). Fetis Gerber W'alther.

; ; spectacle, ib., 1874 Cupid in Arcadia, bal- ;
JACOBETTI, PEETRO, born at Annico, let, ib., 1875 The Fairies' Home, do., ib., ;
near Cremona, Italy, second half of the 1876 Yolande, do., ib., 1877 Rothomago,
; ;
16th century. He was a priest at Ripatran- ib., 1879 L'arbre de Noiil (with Lecocq),;
soue, in the Papal States. His Lamenta- Paris, 1880 Le clairou, Paris, 1883 Fre- ; ;
tiones, and other church compositions, were tillon, ib., 1884. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 17.
published in Venice (1589). Fetis. JACOPO DA BOLOGNA, Italian com-
JACOBI, KOXR.ID, born at Mainz in poser of the 14th century, history unknown.
1756, died at Dessau, July 11, 1811. Vio- He was contemporary with Francesco Lan-
linist, pupil of his father, who was Conzert- dino, surnamed il Cieco. Italian chansons
meister in Mainz. He became director of by him are preserved in the IMS. depart-
music at the National theatres of Mainz and ment of the National Library, Paris. Fetis.
Frankfort, and in 1802 of the court orches- JACOTIN, (JACOB GODEBRYE, called),
tra at Dessau. He composed concertos, born in Flanders between 1440 and 1450,
and other music for violin, still in MS. died at Antwei-p, March 24, 1529. Contra-
Gerber Mendel Schilling.

; ; puntist, was received as vicar choral in the
JACOBI, ]\nCHAEL, born in the Mark collegiale of Antwerp in 1479, soon after
of Brandenburg, early part of the 17th cen- became chaplain, and later on took orders.
tury, died at Luneburg in 1670. Violinist, He was one of the renowned musicians of
320
JACQMIN
his time, contemporary of Josquin Desprus. at Weimar (1849) and finally studied com- ;
Of his coinpositious, motets are to be found position under Haujitmaun at Lei^jsic, where
iu Petrucci's Motetti della Corona (1519), he settled in 1852
iu Attaiguaut's collections (1530-35), in to teach music. He
Ott's Novum 013U9 musicum (1537), iu Salb- became conductor of
linger's Conceutus (1545) ; chansons in the Psalterion in
Elian's Biciuia gallica (1545),iuLe Itoy and 18G6, Kapellmeister
Ballard's Chansons nouvellement composees of the Euterije in
(155G), and iu Eecueil des recueils (1563- 18C7-G9, and pro-
Gi) Masses for 6 voices (1510), iu MS., are
; fessor of jjianoforte,
in the Sautini collectiou, Rome. Fetis. composition, coun-
JACC^MIN, FRAN(,'OIS, born at Eouen, ter-point, and har-
July 28, 1793, died (?). Horn player and mony at the Con-
composer pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris,
; servatorium in 1871.
of Daujjrat first prize, 1818.
; He was in Next to Eeineeke, he is at present the
the orchestra of the Opera Comique over 25 foremost instructive j)Ower of that insti-
years, and from 1829 also chef-de-musique tution. Among his compositions, distin-
of the Municiiâl Guard of Paris. Com- guished for bright, and often humorous,
posed duos coucertants, airs varies, and ideas, and faultless style, those iu canon form
fantaisies, and also published a method for are the most remarkable, and have earned
the horn (Paris, 1832). Fetis Mendel; him the nickname of the musical Krupj).
;
Schilling. Works: 3 symphonies,

op. 24, 28, 50; 2
JACCÛxiED, LEON JEAN, born in 4 serenades for or-
overtures, oj). 27, 37 ;
Paris, Nov. 3, 182G, died in Paris, March

chestra, op. 42, 46, 47, 73; Serenade for
27, 188G. Violoncellist, pupil at Pont-le- string orchestra and flute, op. 80 2 Quin- ;
Voy, near Blois, of Hus-Desforges, and Au- tets for pianoforte and strings, ojx 70, 7G ;
guste Levacq, then at the Conservatoire, Quartet for do., op. 77 4 trios for do., ;
Paris, of Norbliu obtained second prize iu op. 16, 20, 59, 85

; Quartet for strings, ;
1842, first prize in 1844 about 1855 he ojD. 10 Cavatina for violin with orchestra,
; ;
founded, with the violinist Armingaud, and op. 69 Concerto for pianoforte, op. 89 ; ;
with Mas and chamber Vergebung, Couzertstiick for chorus, so-

Sabatier, a club for
music, which soon numbered among the prano solo, and orchestra, op. 54 Verheis- ;
best in Paris iu December, 1877, he be- sung, do., op. 55

; Trostlied nach den Wor- ;
came i^rofessor of violoncello at the Con- ten derheiligen Schrift, for do., op. 65 An ;
servatoire. He composed a number of mor- den Sturm wind, for male chorus and orches-

eeaux do genre for his instrument. Fetis, tra, op. 61 The 100th psalm, for double ;
Supplement, ii. 17. chorus, contralto solo, and orchestra, op. 60 ;
JACQUES VAN ARTEVELDE, cantata, Gott is gross. Hymns for male chorus, with
text iu Flemish, music by Gevaert, written 2 horns, and 3 trombones, op. 45 Motet for ;
in 18G3 for the inauguration of a statue to male voices, op. 38a do. for mixed chorus, ;
Jacques van Artevelde. Performed also in op. 44 do. for female chorus, op. 84 Many ; ;
Mons, Belgium, at the Gth grautl national pianoforte pieces, and songs. Fetis ; do..
festival, July G, 1879. Supplement, ii. 18 ; Mendel ;Eiemann.
JADASSOHN, SALOMON, born at Bres- JADIN, HYACINTHE, born at Versailles
lau, Sept. 15, 1831, still living, 1889. Pian- in 1769, died in Paris in October, 1800. Pi-
ist, pupil of Hesse, on the violin of Liist- anist, brother of Louis Emmanuel, pu23il of
ner, and in harmony of Brosig ; then at the his father, Jean Jadin, and of Hiillmandel ;
Leipsic Conservatorium (1848), and of Liszt professor of pianoforte at the Conservatoire

JADIN
from its He played with great ib., 1805 La partie de campagne, ib., 1810
foundation. ; ;
success at the Concerts Feydeau in 1796- L'auteur malgre lui, ou la piece tombee,
97. Works Overture for wind instru- ib., 1812 L'iuconnu, ou le coup d epee via-
: ;
ments -4 concertos for pianoforte and or- ger, ib., 1816 Fanfau et Colas, ib., 1822
; ; ;
chestra 12 quartets for strings, op. 1, 2, 3, L'heureux stratageme, Acadc'niie Koyalo de

;
4 ; 6 trios for do. 3 books of sonatas for Musique, 1791 Le siege de Thionville, ib.,
; ;
violin and pianoforte 5 sonatas for piano- 1793 ; MahonietlL, ib., 1803 Mon cousin de
; ;
forte ; Sonata for do. (4 hands). Ft'tis. Paris, Theatre des Varietes, 1810 ; Guerre
JADIN, LOUIS EMMANUEL, born at ouverte, ou ruse contre ruse, Theatre de la
Versailles, Sept. 21, 1768, died in Paris, Coui', 1788 Les arts et Tamitie, Opera Co-
;
April 11, 1853. Dramatic composer, son of, mique, 1807 Hymne a J. J. Kousseau, ;
and first instructed on the violin by, Jean 1794. Le chant de I'esclave af-
Cantatas :
Jadin, who was page de la musique to Louis franehie, Opera,1794 Hommage a Marie- ;
XVL then pupil of his brother Hyacinthe

; Louise, 1810 Le serment fran9ais, Thea-
;
on the pianoforte. In 1789 he became ac- tre Feydeau, 1814 La fete du roi, Opera, ;
companist at the Theatre de Monsieur, just 1817; Le serment des gardes, ib., 1821;
organized, and in 1792 joined the band Les defenseurs de la foi, 1822 Choruses ;
of the national guard, for which he com- with orchestra ; La bataille d'Austerlitz,
posed many marches, hymns, and patri- symphony for full orchestra Symphonic ;
otic airs. In 1802 he succeeded his brother militaire, for wind instruments 2 over- ;
as professor at the Conservatoire, in 1806 tures for do. ; Suites for do. ; 3 coucei'tos
became chef d'orchestre at the Theatre for pianoforte with orchestra ; Sextets, quin-
Moliere, and in 1814-30 was master of the tets, and other chamber music ; Sonatas,
royal music pages. Legion of Honour in duos, fantaisies, etc., for pianoforte and
1824. Works Operas Constance et Gcr- : other instruments 14 collections of airs for
;
mond, given at the Theatre des Jeunes Ar- one voice, and of romances, nocturnes, etc.,
tistes, 1790 La religieuse danoise, ou la
; for 2 voices.
Fctis do., Supplement, ii. ;
communauto de Copenhague, 1791 Lc due ; 18 ; Gerber.

de Woltza, Tht'atre Montansier, Le coucou, JADIS REGNAIT EN NORMANDIE.
ib., 1798 Les trois prOtendus, ib., 1805 See Itoherl le Diable.
; ;
Joconde, Theatre de Monsieur, 1790 La JAELL, born at Trieste, ; ALFKED,

suite d'Annette et Lubin, ib., 1791 II Si- March 5, 1832, died ;
gnor di Pursognae, Amelie de Montfort, L'a- in Paris, Feb. 27,

vare puni, ib., 1792 Alisbelle, ou les crimes ; 1882. Virtuoso on
de la feodalite'. Theatre National, 1794 ;
the pianoforte, son
Les talismans, Thi'utre des Amis de la Patrie, and pupil of the vio-
1793 Le heros de la Durance, ou Agricole
; linist Eduard Jaell
Viala, ib., 1794 Le coin du feu, Le cou- ; (director of music in
gi-es des rois (in collaboration
with others), Vienna, died in Sep-
Theatre Favart, 1793 Le negociant de Bos- ; tember, 1849), then
ton, Lecolier en vacanccs, ib., 1794 Le ; Czerny in pupil of
Cabaleur, La supereherie par amour, ib., Vienna. He appeared in public at Venice
1795 Le mariage de la veille, ib., 179G when only eleven, jilayed with success in
;
;
Les deux lettres, ib., 1797 L'apotheose du Milan, Vienna, Munich, Stuttgart, and Co-
;
I
jeune Barra, Theatre Feydeau, 1793 Le logne, lived in Brussels in 1845-46, in Paris ;
lendemain de noces, ib., 1796 Caudos, ou and Holland in 1847-49, then travelled in
;
les sauvages du Canada, Les bons voisins, America, in Germany, Poland, Russia, and
ib., 1797 Le gi-aud-pere, ou les deux ages, Italy in 1854-60, in England, 1862; be-
;
Zii
JA
came court King of Hauover
pianist to the JAGER, FRANZ, born in Vienna in 1796,
ill 185G, livedHolland and Paris in died at Stuttgart, May 10, 1852. Tenor
iu
18G0-G2, Vienna, 1863, and aceomjjanied singer and vocal comijoser. A poor cob-
Carlotta Patti on ber concert tour in 186-1- bler, he was heard singing at his work by
05. In 1866 lie married the jiianist Marie Weigl, who recognized his talent and
Trautmann, with whom he travelled, princi- taught him singing. He made his debut
pally in France, winning new laurels iu at Vienna as Ramiro in Isouard's Aschen-
Paris, 1875-76. Works Potpourris Tran- brodel in 1817, and was considered the
:
;
scriptions ; Fantasias and cajsriees on ojiera best singer in Vienna until 1824, when he
airs ;
Morceaux de salon. Fetis, Supple- went to Berlin. He was in Stuttgart in
ment, ii. 19 Meudel Wurzbach Hanslicl;:, 1828, in Munich in 1831 was af)pointed
; ; ; ;
Conzertwesen in Wien, ii. 187 Illustr. teacher of singing at the royal theatre of
;
Zeitg. (1858), 383. Stuttgart, when his voice was in the de-
JA, ES SOLLEN WOHL BEEGE, bass cline, iu 1836. He composed about 25
arioso of Elias, with oboe obligato, in Fmajor, Lieder, the best known of which, Der
iu Mendelssohn's Elias, Part II. (No. 87). Traum des ersten Kusses, was popular long
JAlTi; MORITZ, born at Posen, Jan. after his death. Mendel ;F(jtis Wurzbach. ;
3, 1835, still Hving, 1889. Violinist, pupil JAGUARITA L INDIENNE, French ope-
in Berlin of Ries on the violin, and of BOh- ra-comique in three acts and four tableaux,
mer in theory, then in Paris (1858) of text by De Saint-Georges and De Leuven,
Maurin and JIassard on the violin, and of music by Hak'vy, first re2Jresented at the
Hauptncr iu comi)ositiou, finally in Berlin Theatre Lyrique,' Paris, May 11, 1855. Pub-
of Laub, and of Wiierst and Bussler iu lished by Bote & Bock (Berlin, 1855-59).
counterpoint and instrumentation. In com-
Revue et Gazette Musicale de Paris (1855),
pliance with his father's wishes, he was a 153.
business man until 1870, when he devoted JAHN, OTTO, born at Kiel, Juue 16,
himself exclusively to music.Works Das 1813, died at GOttingen, Sept. 9, 1869.
:
Kilthchen von Heilbronn, opera, given at Writer ou art and music, and vocal com-
Augsburg, 1866 Eckehard, do., Berlin, Ijoser. He studied at Kiel, LeijJsic, and
;
1875 Quartet for strings

; Reverie, and Berlin, travelled, 1836-39, in France and
;
other music for violin ; Songs. Mendeh Ital}', then settled at Kiel as private instruc-
JAGAETE, MANGEL, born in Spain tor of philology became professor of ar- ;
about 1796, died at St. Sebastian iu 1819. cheology at Greifswald iu 1812, director of
Violinist, studied at Bordeaux, and became the archreological Museum at Leipsic in
a finished performer. His mo.st important 1847, was dismissed for political reasons in
works were a Requiem mass, given at St. 1851, and appointed professor of classical
Sebastian in commemoration of August 31, philology and archa3ology, and director of
1813, and the ojêra, L' Infante di Zamora the art museum at Bonn in 1855. His Life
(Madrid, jjosthumous).
Fetis, Supplement, of Mozart contains an interesting description
ii. 19. of the state of music during the period im-
JAGD, DIE, German Singsjiiel iu three mediately preceding that master's time. He
acts, text by Chr. Fr. Weisse, on La caccia published an essay on Mendelssohn's Paulus
d' Eurico IV., music by Johann Adam Hiller, (Kiel, 1842), and other interesting musical
first represented in Leipsic iu 1771. Per- essays. As a composer he is favourably

formed in BerHn, Nov. 6, 1813. It is the known by four collections of original songs,
most popular of Killer's fourteen Siugspiele, aud a book of four-part songs for mixed

and is still performed. Allgem. mus. Zei- voices. Allgem. d. Biogr., xiii. 668 Kuust- ;
tuug (15), 711. Chrouik, v. 19 Mendel Riemaun. ; ;

JAIIXS
JAHNS, miEDRICH A^TLHELIM, born JAHRESZEITEN, DIE, oratorio, text

Aug. 8, by Baron van Swieten, from Thomson's
in Berlin, Jan. 2, 1809, died there,
1888. Instrumental and vocal composer, "The Seasons," music by Haydn, com-
singer, and pianist, pupil of Charles De- posed between 1798 and 1801, and similar
troit on the pianoforte, of Eduard Grell in form to both oratorio and cantata. First
and Stiimer in singing, and of Louis Hor- performed at the Schwarzenberg Palace,
zizky on the pianoforte and in theory. He Vienna, by tlie private orchestra of the
sang at an early age in the chorus of the Prince, April 24, 1801, and repeated April
royal opera, won ajjplause as a concert 27, and May 1. On May 29 Haydu con-
singer, and became a favorite vocal teacher ducted this work in public in the Eedou-
in Berlin, where he trained more than 900 teusaal, Vienna, and in December, 1801,
jnipils. In 1845 he founded a singing gave the original score to the TonkCmstlcr
society, and was its conductor until De- Societiit of Vienna. The work is divided
cember, 1870. In 1849 he was appointed into four parts Spring Summer Au-
: ; ;
royal director of music, in 1870 jirofessor, tumn and Winter. Characters represented
; :
and from 1881 was instructor of rhetoric Simon, a fanner Jane, his daughter Lu-
; ;
in Scharwenka's Conservatorium. He ac- cas, a shepherd, and a chorus of country

quired a lasting reputation by his espe- people and hunters. Published in Vienna
cial enthusiasm for Weber, which led him 1802-3 by Clementi in 1813. An edition
;
to accumulate a unique collection of that was published by the Rev. John Webb, and
composer's works, now in the royal libi-ary one by Prof. E. Taylor (London, 1840^1).
at Berlin. His volume, C. M. von We1)er A selection from Spring was given at the
ill seineu Werkeu, is the best jiublication Birmingham Festival (England) in 1817,
on that composer, and a model as a thematic and Spring and Summer were produced
catalogue ;it was followed in 1873 by a there iu 1820. Performed entire by the
sketch of Weber's life. His airangements Sacred Harmonic Society, London, Dec.
for the pianoforte, of other comjôsers' 5, 1851, jNIiss Birch, Mr. Lockey and Jlr.
works, rank among the very best, and those Philips appearing. First sung by the Han-
of Weber's compositions are again the most del and Haydn Society of Boston, April 28,
important. Works Trio for pianoforte and 1875. Allgem. mus. Zeituug (3), 575
: (G), ;
strings, op. 10 Grand sonata for piano- 513; AtheiiKum (1851), 1318; Hansliek,
;
forte and violin, op. 32 Grand duo for jii- Conzertweseu iu Wien, ii. 230
; U2)toii, ;
anoforte and violoncello, oj). 33 Heeres- Standard Oratorios, 170.

;
Auszug and Heimkehr, 2 festival marches JAKABOWSia, EDU.VIID, dramatic

for pianoforte (4 hands), op. 49 and 50 ;
composer, contempor-
Over 150 vocal compositions for one and ary, lives in London.
more voices, including several for the He is author of Er-
church. Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. 18.
; minie, a musical com-
JAHRESZEITEN, DIE (The Seasons), edy, text by Harrj-
symphony in B minor by Spohr, op. 143, Paulton, first rej^re-
first performed in Cassel in 1850. Part I. scnted at the Comedy
Winter, transition to spring, Spring Part ; Theatre, London, Nov.
II. Summer, transition to autumn, Autumn. 9, 1885. The libretto
First performed by the New York Philhar- from
is borrowed
monic Society in the season of 1853-54. L'auberge des Adrets,
The composer's ninth symphony. Pub- a drama by Daumier,
'
lished by C. F. Peters (Leipsic).

Spohr, the English adaptation of which, entitled
AutobiogTapby, ii. 295. Robert Macaire, was made by Charles Selby.
JAMBE-DE-FER
Ermiuie was first given in New York, at tbe his name known throughout Germany.
Casino, March 10, 188G ; and it has since Gerber (1790), GS5 Allgem. d. Biogr.,
i. ;
been performed, tliere and elsewhere in the xiii. 710 ; Mendel ; do., Ergilnz., 168 ; Win-
United States, by two companies, more than terfeld, ii. 559.
1,500 times. Another operetta by Jaka- JANCOURT, LOUIS MARIE EUGENE,
bowski, entitled Paolo, text also l.)y Paul- born at Chateau-Thierry (Aisne), France,
ton, is announced as in preparation. Dec. 15, 1815, still living, 1889. Bassoon
JAMBE-DE-FER, PHILIBERT, French player, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire
composer of the IGth century, born at from 1834 uuder Gebauer won 1st prize ;
Lyons. Ho was one of the early professors for bassoon, 1836. In 1848 he became
of the Reformed religion, and lived some professor of the bassoon at the Brussels
time at Poietiers, where he composed mu- Conservatoire ; then played at the Opera
sic for Jean Poictevin's translation of the Comique and the Italiens, Paris, and later
Psalms (1549). It is not known whetlier professor at the Paris Conservatoire. He
ho was one of the victims of St. Bartholo- has effected many important changes in the
mew's Day (1572), or whether he died be- mechanism of his instrument, and has writ-
fore that date. He set the nuisic to Les ten much music for it, as well as for military
cent et cinquante psaulmes de David mis band. Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii. 21 ; La-
en rimes fran<;aises par Clement Marot et rousse.
Thi'odore de Bezo (Paris, 15G1 Lyons, ; JANIEWICZ (Yauiewicz), FELIX, born
15G4). F(3tis Mendel Gerber Schilling.
; ; ; at AVilna about 1761, died at Edinburgh
JAMES L, King of Scotland, born at in 1848. Violinist and composer. Visited
Dunfermline in 1394, murdered at Perth, Italy later went to Paris, where he ap-
;
Feb. 21, 1437. Virtuoso on the harp, and peared at the Concerts Spirituels and at the
seven otlier instruments, composer and poet Olympian concerts. About 1792 he went
of sacred and national songs. Ho greatly to London and played in Salomon's and
improved the church music of the Scots, Rauzzini's concerts, and was one of the
and has been credited, though without good thirty original members of the London
reason, as the inventor of the Scottish style Philharmonic Society. He settled in Edin-
of melody. Archfcologia Scotica,
i. 471. burgh in 1815. Works Concertos for vio- :
JAN (.Janus), MARTIN,

born at Merse- lin and orchestra Trios for violin. Futis ; ;
burg in 1620, died at Ohlau in 1682. His Grove Sowinski, 585. ;
first known work is Musikalische Jubel- JANITSCH, ANTON, born in Switzer-

freude for 7, 10, 15, 20, 22, 24, and more land in 1753, died at Steinfurt, Westphalia,
voices, and basso continuo, in 1, 2, 3, 4, March 12, 1812. Violinist, played so well
5, and G choirs, preserved in the library of when twelve years old that his father sent
Kunigsberg. As a candidate of theology him to Turin to study
for two years under
he was cantor and music director in both Pugnani. In 17G9 he was engaged as Cou-
churches of Sorau, and rector of the evan- zertmeister by the Elector of Treves his ;
gelical school in Sagan in 1653, where be fame as violinist had spread, and he entered
published a dirge in 1654. He was cantor the service of the Count of Oettiugen-Wal-
also of the church near the Ecksdorf Gate, lenstein, but soon after left it to accept the
and afterwards jiastor. In 1G68 he was more advantageous position as orchestra
driven from Sagan with the other Lutheran director at Grossman's theatre in Hanover,
ministers,and later became cantor in Ohlau. where he remained until 1794, and then
His Passionale melicum (1G52), and his became Kapellmeister to the Count of
hynni, Jesu meiner Seelen Wonne, com- Burgsteiufurth. Of his compositions for
posed in 1668 and published in 1G71, made violin, generally commended, only two con-
JANITSCH
certos and a trio were published. Fotis ;
masses for 4-8 voices with organ 8 do. ;
Mendel Schilling. ; for several voices and instruments 3 do. ;
JANITSCH, J O H AN N GOTTLIEB, for 4 voices a cappella 2 do. for tenor and ;
born at Schweidnitz, Silesia, June 19, 1708, bass Mass for soprano and bass Pastoral
; ;
died in Berlin in 17G3. Double-bass jilayer, mass Te Deum for IG voices Magnificat,
; ;
and church composer, studied music in the Dixit Dominus, Tu es Petnis, for do. 32 ;
college of Breslau went to Frankfort-on-

;
psalms for 4-8 voices 10 do. with orches- ;
the-Oder to study law, and while there com- tra 12 motets for 2-G voices
; 4 do. for 4 ;
posed some of his best music. He was voices 57 offertories and anthems for 3-8
;
secretary to the minister von Happe, sub- voices L' Agonia di Gesh Christo, oratorio ;
sequently Kapellmeister to the Crown for 2 tenors and bass Ecce terrie motus, ;
Prince, afterwards Friedrieh II., and went for G bass voices Affcrentur Regi, for 4 ;
with him to Berlin in 1740, where he was voices, and 2 choruses Canon for G4 voices ; ;
appointed director of the Kedoutenmusik. 2 canons for IG voices other canons, etc. ;
Works : 10 sacred cantatas ;

Quartets ;
All these are in the Santini Collection,
Serenades Te Deum. His funeral music Rome. Fetis Mendel Schilling.
;
; ;
was much used on isublic occasions. Fv'tis

JANNEQUIN (Janequin, Jennekiu), CLE-
;
Gerber Schilling.
; MENT, Belgian or French contrapuntist
JANKE, GUSTAV, born in Berlin, Nov. of the IGth century. A pupil of Josquin
22, 1838, still living, 1889. Pianist and Desprus, he was a follower of Gombert in
violinist, pupil at Stern's Conservatorium, the art of writing descriptive music
seems ;
Berlin, where he has been instructor of j)i- to have been director of church music at
anoforte since 18G1. He w-as solo player Lyons, and first a CathoUc, then a Calvin-
at the Stern concerts in 1874-75, and con- ist. Works Motets (Paris, 1533) French : ;
ducted these concerts also during that time. songs (Paris, 1537) Cauzoui francesi (Ven- ;
He has composed studies and other compo- ice, 1538) Inventions musicales (Lyons, ;
sitions for the pianoforte, music for the 1544) Le caquet des femmes Le chant du ; ;
choir of the royal church, Berlin, and Lie- rossignol Lg chant de I'alouette La chasse ; ;
der, and has arranged several classical au cerf La bataille, ou dt'faite des Suisses a ;
works for orchestra. Mendel. la journce de Marignan Voulez ouyr les cris ;
JANNACONI (Janacconi, Jannacconi), de Paris ; Many collections of songs Church ;
GIUSEPPE, born in Borne in 1741, died music, j)salms, etc. Fctis ; Mendel Rie- ;
there, March IG, 181G. Church composer, mann.

one of the last of the Roman school, pupil JANSA, LEOPOLD, born at Wilden-
of Soceorso Rinaldini, and Gaetano Car- schwert, Bohemia, in 1797 (or 1794 ? ), died
pini. Allied in close friendship with in Vienna, Jan. 25, 1875. Violinist, first in-
Pasquale Pisari, he arranged with him in structed in his native town by one Jahada,
score a great portion of Palestrina's works,
and the organist Zizius, his cousin, then
with such thorough knowledge and skill as studied at Briinn, and in 1817 went to Vi-
to be declared by Pisari the most worthy enna to study law, but two years after
to propagate the traditions of the old Ro- devoted himself to music, which he had
man school. He established a school for already taught, and became a pupil of
composition, which was much frequented Worzischek ou the violin, and of Emanuel
by Italians as well as foreigners, and pro- FOrster in thorough-bass and composition.
duced such pupils as Baini and Francesco Soon esteemed as a virtuoso next to Mayse-
Basili. In 1811 he was appointed maestro der and B'Mmi, he went to Hungary in
di cappeUa at St. Peter's, succeeding Zin- 1823 as chamber musician to the Count von
garelli. Works Mass for IG voices 16 Brunswick, and in 1824 entered the imperial
:
;
aaa
;
JANSEN
orchestra in Vienna was appointed direc- Works Sonatas for pianoforte Roiideaux,
; : ;
tor of music, and professor of the violin in polonaises, airs varies, for do. Themes ;
the University of Vienna in 1834. Having varies for violin, with quartet Various ;
assisted at a concert for the benefit of pieces for wind instruments. Fetis Schil- ;
the Hungarian insurgents in Loudon, in ling Wurzbach. ;
1849, he was exiled, and lived in Loudon, JANSON, JEAN BAPTISTE .VIME
teaching the violin auel inlaying in concerts JOSEPH, born at Valenciennes in 1742,
luitil 1868, when he returned to Vienna. died in Paris, Sept. 2, 1803. Violoncellist,
Works 4 concertos for violin and orches- pupil of Berteau. He was first heard in pub-
:
tra; Rondeau coucertant for 2 violins and lic at the Concerts Spirituels in 1766. In
do., op. 33 8 quartets for strings, op. 8, the following year he travelled through Italy
;
12, and 44 3 trios for do., op. 41

; 3G with the hereditary prince of Brunswick, re-
;
duos for vioHns, op. IG, 36, 43, 46, 47, 50 turned to Paris in 1771, then visited Ger-
;
many soli, fantaisies, airs varies, etc., for vio- many, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland, and
lin, with pianoforte 2 cantatas
; Graduale returned to Paris again in 1789. When the
;
for 4 male voices, op. 6 Olilertory for tenor Conservatoire was founded he was appointed
;
and violin solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. professor, but lost his jJosition at the time
17. Fotis Mendel
; Schilling Wasie- of the reorganization in 1802, and is said
; ;
lewski, Die Violine, 358 Wurzbach. ;to have died of grief. He formed excellent
JANSEN, GUSTAV, born at Dortmund, pupils. Works 6 quartets for strings, op. :
Westphalia, in 1S17, still living, 1889. Pi- 1 6 concertos for violoncello and bass, op.
;
anist, pupil of his father studied in 1840 3 & 7 6 sonatas for do., op. 4 6 concertos
; ; ;
in Berlin, where he became a teacher. In for violoncello with orchestra, op. 15. His
1849 he went to London with Lord West- brother and pupil, Louis Auguste Joseph
moreland, but after a few years returned to (born at Valenciennes, July 8, 1749, died in
Berlin, where he has since resided. Works Paris, about 1818) (?), also an excellent vio-
:
Anhaug zu Beethoven's Clavier Sonaten, loncellist, went to Paris in 1783, and was a
(18G1) Collections of Lieder with piano- member of the Ojx'ra orchestra in 1789-1815.
;
forte accompaniment, of which the Goethe He published 6 sonatas for violoncello and
Album (18G3) is the best. Mendel F^tis, bass 6 trios for strings. Fetis Mendel.
; ;
^
Supplement, ii. 22. JANSSENS, JEAN FRANCOIS JO-

JANSEN, GUSTAV F., born at Jever, SEPH, born in Antwerp, Jan. 29, 1801,
Hanover, Dec. 15, 1831, still living, 1889. died there, Feb. 3, 1835. Dramatic com-
Composer, pupil at Leipsic of Coceius on poser, pupil of his father (director of music
the pianoforte, and Kiccius in harmonj'. at St. Charles's, Antwerp), and of de Loeuw,
Went to Gottingeu to teach music, became (Ivapelmeester of St. Paul's Church), then in
organist of the cathedral at Verden in 1855 Paris pupil of Lesueur. On his return, he
;
received the title of Music Director from studied law to gratify his family, was notary
the King of Hanover in 1861. Works at Hoboken, near Antwerp, in 1826, at Ber-
:
Pianoforte music Songs; Transcriptions for chem, in 1829, and at Antwerp, in 1831
;
the pianoforte. Mendel. but devoted much of his time to conqMsi-

JANSEN, JOHANN ANTON FRIED- tiou. During the siege of Antwerp, in 1832,
RICH, born in Germany of Danish parent- he went to Cologne where, losing his manu-
age, died in Milan in April, 1827. Pianist, scripts and other valuables in a fire, which
studied in Vienna. He went to Venice as broke out on the night of bis arrival, be
music teacher, and thence to Milan in 1817, lost his mind and died soon after. His worth
but was very unsuccessful, lived in want as a composer was recognized after his
and misery, and died actually of hunger. death. Van der Straeten published a bio-
327
;
JAPART
grai^hy in wliicli a full list of his works is JA TAUSENDM.yi, TAUSEND, tenor
giveu. Works Operas : Le pere rival, La aria in G
major, with accompaniment of
jolie fiancee, giveu at Antwerp, 1824 ; Les violins in unison, and contiuuo, in Johann
trois hussards, Gillette ile Narbonne, un- Sebastian Bach's cantata, " Gott filhret auf
published Les Grecs,
;
ou Missolonghi, mit Jauchzen," Part I.
cantata with orchestra ;
Wiuterarmoede, JAUCH, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born at
do. Le roi, ode Le lever du soleil, sj'm-
; ; Strasburg, Jan. 25, 1793, died (?). Pianist,
phony for grand orchestra Symphony ; pupil of Spindler. Ho was appointed in
(prize at Ghent) 5 masses for voices 1814 professor at
; the normal primary school
and orchestra Te Deum for do., with of Strasburg and in 1830 opened a school
; ;
chorus About 25 motets, psalms, hymns, for pianoforte which has turned out many
;
and anthems, with orchestra Romances. finished performers. Works Concertos for
; :
Genard, Janssens (Antwerp, 18.59) Hend- pianoforte Fantaisies and variations for
; ;
rickx. Simple histoire. Boutades biogra- do. solo, or with clarinet and flute Sonatas ;
phiques, etc. (ib., 18G0) Van der Straeten, and rondos for do. Offertories for wind
; ;
J. F. J. Janssens (Brussels, 186G). instruments Collection of organ pieces, ;
JAPART, JEAN, Belgian composer of the op. 40. Fetis.

15th century who lived in Italy. He was a JAVALTiT, LOUIS, French composer,
singer in the royal chapel of the Duke of lived in Paris beginning of the present cen-
Ferrara, and was a colleague of Josquin Des- tury. He played different wind instru-
pres, who dedicated to him been a member of
a chanson frau- ments, and after having
yaise which is still in existence. bauds became sous-chef
Little several regimental
else is known of Japart his compositions, of that of the Imperial Guard.
; Works 20 :
which display all the mannerisms common suites de pieces for wind instruments ;
to many of the composers of that time, are Marches and quicksteps for do. Fantai- ;
found in the Odhecaton (Petrucci, 1501- sies for do.; Fanfares for three horns,
150:5). FiHis Van der Straeten, vi. 104.
; four trumpets, and trombone 6 sextets ;
JARNOVICK. See Giornovicchi. for clarinet, flute, oboe, horn, aud two bas-
JASON, dramatic cantata, by Alexander soons Trios for clarinet, horn and bassoon ;
Campbell Mackenzie, first given at the Bris- 3 quartets for horns. Fetis.
tol (England) Festival, Oct. 17, 1882 by JAVUREK (Jawurek), JOSEPH, born at
;
the Hackney Choral Association, London, Ledecz, near Kuttenberg, Bohemia, Sept.
Feb. 25, 1884. Atheu;eum (1SS4), i. 289. 21, 1749, died at Prague in May, 1805.
JASPAR, ANDRE, born at Liege, Dec. Violinist, received his musical training
18, 1794, died at Angleur, near Lii'ge, June while a choir-boy in the Jesuits' seminary
27, 18G3. Violoncellist, pujiil of Harseus at Kuttenberg, and then at St. Weuceslaus's,
;
about 1830 he was chosen to conduct the Prague. He became violinist in the Opera
Concerts of the Societc d'Emulatiou, and of orchestra and director of music at the Car-
the Societo de Gretry (1831). He was mai- melites, at St. Cajetan's, and St. Joseph's
tre de chapelle of the Cathedral of Liege, ou the Kleiuseite, but when these convents
1840-5G. Works Folie du Tasse, sym- were suspended, he lost all his places at
:
phony for orchestra Retour des champs, once and fell into bitter need. He com-
;
do.; Orage, do.; Le barde 6buron, do.; posed concertos, sonatas, and trios for the
Symphony, No. G Alma Redemptoris, an- violin. Dlabacz Wurzbach.
; ;
them for tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra JE.\N DE NrV'ELLE, opera-comique in ;
Te Deum for do.; Salve Regina for do.; 12 three acts, text by Edmoud Goudinet and
motets for one and two voices 12 melodies Phillippe Gille, music by Leo Delibes, first
;
for violin, with pianoforte 3 books of do. represented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
;
338
;
JEAN
March 8, 1880. The libretto deals with the Senochal, Martin ; L'Aubergiste, Juliet
storj' of Jeau, sou of the Due de Montmo- OUivier, Mme
Gavaudin ; La Princesse de
rency, who abandons the flag of his father Navarre, Mile Regnault ; Laurette, Mme
and joins the revolted princes against Louis Alexandrine Saint-Aubin. Published by
XI. under the banner of the Comte de Kiihnel (Leipsic, 1813 ; Peters, Leipsic
Charolais, whose chamberlain he becomes. Schott, Mainz and Diabelli et Cie (Vienna,
;
Published by Heugel et fils (Paris, 1880). 1814). The same subject has been treated
Clement, Die, 91G Signale (1880), 369
;
;
also iu Gianni di Parigi, text by Romani,
Revue et Gazette Musicale de Paris (1880), music by Morlacchi, Milan, May 30, 1818 ;
81 Le Menestrel (1880), No. 15.

; by Speranza, Naples, August, 183G and by ;
JEAN DE PARIS, opera-comique iu two Donizetti, Milan, Sei^t. 10, 1839. Pougin,
acts, text by Saint-Just, music by Boieldieu, Boieldieu, 130 Clement et Larou.sse, 375
;
;
first represented at the Theatre Feydeau, Allgem. Mus. Zeitung (15), 70S (31), 810 ; ;
Paris, April I, 1812 English translation

; Neue Frei Presse (Vienna), Nov. 30, 1879.
JEANNE D'AlvC, symphonic poem, by
Georges Jean Pfeiffer, op. 23.
JEANNE D'ARC,
incidental music by
Gouuod, to Jules Barbier's drama in 5 acts,
first performed at the Gaietc, Paris, Nov.
8, 1873. Given at St. James's Hall, Lon-

don, Feb. 7, 1871, Gounod conducting.
This drama had previously been performed
as a cantata, with music by Serpette (Paris,
1871). Athenreum (1871), i. 233.
JEANNOT ET COLIN, opera-comique,
text by Etienne, nuisic by Nicolo Isouard,
represented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris,
Oct. 17, 1814. Represented in Vienna,
Nov. 9, 1815. Revived in Paris iu June,
1850. .\llgem. Mus. Zeitung (17), 851.
JEEP (not Jepp), JOHANN, born at
Dransfeld, near Gi)t-
tingen, about 1592,
died at Ulm iu
1650 One
(?). of the
best German vocal
comjjosers of first
Elleviou as Jean de Paris. part of the 17 th

century : lived iu
and adaptation, by Henrj' R. Bishop, Lon- Bavaria and Wiir-
don, 1811. One of Boieldieu's most popu- temberg during his
lar productions. Subject the Dauphin of y out h.
: He w a s
France travels as Jeau, a bourgeois of Paris, Kapellmeister to the Count von Hohenlohe,
to visit incognito his betrothed bride, the at Weikersheim, from about 1607-9, and
Princess of Navarre. The cavatina, "Quel was settled at Nuremberg in 1610. Little
plaisir en voyage " was transferred is known of his life his compositions were
d'etre ;
to this work from Boieldieu's Telemaque. especially dear to the people of Germany,
Original cast Jeau de Paris, Elleviou
: Le particularly students, and went through
;
329
JEKYLL
many from 1G07 to 1G21. Known at tbe maitrise of tbe cathedral of Toulouse,
editions,
works : Psalme und Kirchen- made bis dubut at tbe Opera, P.aris, in 1733,
Geistlicbe
gesiiuge Dr. Martin Luthers, etc. (Nurem- and sang tbere with success until 1755. He
berg, 1607) ; Solioene auserlesene lieblicLe comj)Osed a ballet, Zelisca, for tbe marriage
Tricinia, etc. (ib., lGlO-1611) ; Studenten- of tbe Daujibiu, father of Louis XVI.
GiUtleius erster Tbeil, etc. (ib., 1607) do., (1745) and many chansons which Laborde
; ;
anderer Tbeil (ib., 1G09) Cbristlicbes praises.;

Futis Larousse Mendel. ; ;
Gesang-Biicbleiu (Ubu, 1G48). Tbe Stu- JENKINS, JOHN, born at Maidstone,

dents' garden was republisbed sis times. Kent, in 1592, died at Kimberh', Norfolk,
Tbere is a copy of tbe first part, and one of Oct. 27, 1678. Virtuoso on the viola di
tbe second part, bearing different dates, in gamba. Was musician to Charles I. and
tbe University Library of Gottingcn. He Charles H. Works Twelve Sonatas for :
was bonoured long after bis deatb liis por- ; two Violins and a Base, with a Thorough
trait was painted by Ulricb in 1613. All- Base for tbe organ or Theorbo Tbe Mitter ;
gem, d. Biog., xiii. 750 Monatsbefte f. ; Rant, The Fleece Tavern Rant, The Peter-
Mus., viii. 31, 37 Mendel do., Ergiinz.,
; ; borough Rant The Lady Katberine Aud-
;
171 ; "Winterfeld, Kircbengesang, ii. 27. ley's Bells, or, Tbe Five Bell Consort (1662) ;
JEKYLL, CHARLES SHERWOOD, An Elegy on tbe death of William Lawes

born in Westminster, (1648) Songs, among others tbe rounds, ;
Loudon, Nov. 29, " A boat, a boat," and "Come, pretty maid-
1842, still living, 1889. ens." Fetis Grove Mendel Riemann. ; ; ;
Organist, p u p i 1 of JENNY BELL, opera-comique in three

James Coward, and acts, text by Scribe, music by Auber, first
Sir G. A. Macfarren represented at tbe Opera Comique, Paris, ;
assistant organist in June 2, 1855. The scene is in England, the

Westminster Abbey, characters are English, and Jenny Bell is
1860-75 organist of an actress. Tbe airs "God save the King,"
;
Parish cburch of and " Rule Britannia " are introduced.

Acton, 18G0, of St. JENSEN, ADOLF, born in KOnigsberg,
George's, Hanover Square, 1861, of Cbapel /"T^^^^^ Jan. 12, 1837, died
Royal, St. James's Palace, and Wbiteball, in Baden-Baden, Jan.
1876. Works : Communion Service in C ;
23, 1879. He stud-
Morning Services in F and C ; Evening ied for two years un-
service in F ; Do. in C, for male voices ;
der Eblert and Frie-
Antbems ; Part-songs, songs, and organ drich ]\Iarpurg, but
music. was mostly s e 1 f -
JELINEK, FRANZ XAVER, born at : taught. In 1856 he

Kaurius, Bobemia, Dec. 3, 1818, died at was in Russia, was
Salzburg, Feb. 7, 1880. Oboe player, edu- made Kapellmeister
cated at tbe Prague Conservatorium, be- of the Stadttbeaterin
came instructor of oboe, and librarian at tbe Posen in 1857, went '
Mozarteum, and later cboir director of tbe in 1858 to Copenhagen to spend two years
catbedral of Salzburg. He composed sacred with Gade, and returned to Kimigsberg iu
music, cboruses for men's voices, etc.
Men- 1860. From 1866 to 1868 be taught at Tau-
del Riemann.
; sig's pianoforte school in Berlin, but ill-
jfiLIOTTE (Jelyotte), PIERRE, born health forced him to retire, first to Dresden,
near Toulouse in 1711, died in Paris in then to Gratz, and finally to Baden-Baden,
1782. Tenor singer and composei*, pupil where be died of lingering consumption.
330
; :
JEPIITE
Jensen best known as a song writer, anil be edited by Wilhelm Kienzl. Allgem. d.
is
as may take rank, with some few Biogr., xiii. 774 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 25
such ;
;
others, after Schumann and Robert Franz. Mendel Mus. Wochenblatt, v. 354, 3G7. ;
Works: I. Vocal: Nunnengrnang, ior so'pra.no JEPHTE, oratorio by Carissimi. This is

and female chorus, with 2 horns and harp, his masterpiece and contains many beauti-
op. 10, No. 1 ; Brautlied, for mixed chorus, ful examples of melody and modulation.
with do., op. 10, No. 2 ; Jephthas Tochter, Handel has been accused of borrowing his
for soli, cliorus, and orchestra, op. 2(3 chorus, Hear Jacob's God, in Samson, from
Adonis-Feier, for do. ;
Donald Caird ist the final close, Plorate colles, a pathetic air,
wieder da, for tenor or baritone solo, male assigned to Jephtha's daughter, with an
'
cliorus, and orchestra, op. 54 3 songs for echo sung by two sopranos at the end of ;
3part female chorus and pianoforte, op. each phrase of the melody. The MS. is in
G3 2 Marieulieder, for tenor voice, -i vio- the National Librarj', Paris.
;
Published by
las, 2 'eelli, 2 double-basses, and kettle- Chrysander (B. Schott's Sohnen, Mainz).
drums, op. GJ: ; by Bernard Gugler,
8 fonr-part songs, op. 28 ;
German translation
8 do., op. 29 Der Ungenannten, G love- with organ or pianoforte accompaniment by
;
songs after Geibel, for voice and pianoforte, Immanuel Faisst. Published by Rieter-
op. 6 6 Liebeslieder
; for a low voice and do., Biedermann (Leipsic, 1878).
op. 13 Dolorosa, 6 poems by Chamisso, for
;
JEPHTHA, oratorio, text by the Rev.
voice and do., op. 30 Gaudeamus, 12 Thomas Morell, D.D., music by Handel,
;
songs for a bass voice and pianoforte, op. performed at Covent Garden, London, Feb.
40 Over 125 songs for do., op. 1, 4, 5, 9, 26, 1752. The MS. of this, Handel's last
;
11, 14, 21-24, 34, 3.5, 39, 41, 49, 50-53, 55, oratorio, in Buckingham Palace, is rich in
57, 58, Gl, and 3 sets without opus number. his annotations, showing its various stages
n. Instrumental Concert ouvcrturc in E of composition, during which he became
:
minor, for grand orchestra Der Gang der blind. It was begun Jan. 21, and finished
;
Jiinger nach Emmaus, geistliches Tonstiick Aug. 30, 1751. Characters represented
for do., op. 27 3 pieces for pianoforte, 4 Iphis, sung by Giulia Frasi
; Storge, Sig- ;
hands, op. 18 Hochzeitsmusik, for do., op. nora Galli Jephtha, John Beard
; Hamor, ; ;
45 Abendmusik, for do., op. 59 Lebens- Mr. Brent

;
Zebul, Mr. Wass and the
; ; ;
bilder, for do., op. GO 6 Silbonetteu, for Angel, by a boy. It contains nine choruses,
;
do., op. G2 Liiudlicho Fest-Musik, fordo.

; recitatives, and arias, including the tenor ;
Innere Stimmeu, 5 pieces for pianoforte solo, solo, Waft her, Angels, in Part IH. This
op. 2 Wanderbildcr, 2 books, for do., op. oratorio was performed seven times during
;
17 Sonata in F-sharp minor, for do., op. Handel's life, once with additions and alter-
;
25 G deutsche Suiten, for do., op. 3G

; ations on March 1, 1758. It was first sung ;
Idyllen, for do. (or 4 hands), op. 43 Ero- in Berlin by the Singakademie May 3, 1829. ;
tikon, 7 pieces for do., op. 44 Wald-Idyll, Revived by the Sacred Harmonic Society of
;
scherzo for do op. 47 Scones carnava- London, April 7, 1841 and Feb. 12, 18G9,
, ; ;
lesques, fordo., op. 5G Other fugitive pieces with additional accompaniments by Arthur
;
for do., op. 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, IG, 19, 20, 31, Sullivan. First sung in Boston by the Han-
del and Haydn Society, Feb. 17, 18G7. Pub-
lished first by Walsh with pianoforte ar- ;
rangement by J. F. von Mosel (Haslinger,

Vienna, 1831) full score and pianoforte ar-
;
rangement by George A. Macfarren (Cra-

32, 33, 37, 38, 42, 4G, 48, G5. He left in mer & Co., London, 1855). Rockstro, Han-
manuscript an opera, Turandot, which is to del, 308 Schwlcher, 320
; Allgem. mus. ;
331
; :
JEPHTHA
Zeitung (31), 309, (33), C17, G37 ; Atlien- several numbers. Published by Ricordi
fEum (18(J9), i. 248. (Milan, 1848). Clement et Larousse, 378.
JEPHTHA AND HIS DAUGHTER, ora- JERUS.VLEM JERUSALEM soprano ! !
torio, text from the Bible, music by Carl aria in B-dat major, in Mendelssohn's Pau-
Reinthaler, performed at St. Martin's Hall, lus. Part I. (No. 7).
Loudou, April IG, 185G. Published by JESSONDA, grand German opera in

Ewer & Co. (Loudon, 1857). Athenscum three acts, text by Eduard Gehe, music
(1857), 1523. by Spohr, op. G3, first represented in Cassel
.JEPHTHAS TOCHTEE (Jephtha's with great success, July 28, 1823, the Elec-
Daughter), cantata, by Adolf Jensen, op. tor's birthday. The overture, the duet be-
2G, on Byron's poem. Published by Peters tween Amazili and Nadori, and an air of
(Leipsie, 18G5).
Allgem. mus. Zeitung Jessonda sung by Spohr's daughter, Emilia,
(18G5), 511. were performed in Cassel iu 1822. The
JERONYMO, FRANCESCO DE SA:M,
born at Evora, Portugal, March i, 1G92,
died (?). Monk and church composer,
mestre de capella of his convent at Belem ;
was distinguished for his skill in writing

for a great number of voices. Works (all
in ÎS.) Respousorios das Matinas de S.

:
Jei'ouymo, for 4 choirs, with various in-

struments Do., for 4 voices in plain chant
;
Responsorios for Hol\' week Rosponsorios ;
das Matinas do Evangelista S. Joiio; Mass

for 8 voices obligate Te Deum Hymns of
; ;
the Holy Ghost, S. Jerome, the Martyrs,

etc., for 4 voices Psalms for Vespers and
;
Compline; Motets and Vilhaucicos. Fctis; Mathilde Mallinger.

Gerber Vasconcellos.
;
JERUM, JERUM. See MeL4rrxinger von opera was performed in London, June
Niirnberg. 18, 1840 Paris, April 28, 1842 and at ; ;
JERUS.VLEM, oratorio in throe parts, Covent Garden, London, Aug. G, 1853.

text by W. Saucroft Holmes after the Bible, The plot is from La veuve du Malabar, the
music by Henry H. Pierson, written for the subject an Indian widow rescued by Portu-
Norwich Festival, and first performed there, guese soldiers from sacrifice at the tomb of
Sept. 23, 1852. Repeated by the Harmonic her husband. Characters represented
Union at Exeter Hall, Loudon, Maj' 18, Jessonda and Amazili (S.) Nadori and Lo- ;
1853 Wiu-zburg, 18G2. Published by J. pez (T.) Tristan (Bar.) Dandau (B.). This
; ; ;

Schuberth & Co. (Leipsie, 1875). Athe- opera, one of Spohr's best compositions,
Uc-eum (1852), 1039 London Musical Times, was conducted by him at the 50th anniver-
;
Sept. 1, 1852. sary of the Prague Conservatorium, in 1858,

JjfiRUSALEM, French gi-and opera in his last appearance in public. Potpourri
four acts, text by Alphonse Rover and iu A-flat on airs from Jessonda for violin,
Waiiz, music by Verdi, represented in violoncello, and orchestra, op. G4, and Pot-
Paris, Nov. 2G, 1847. The work is a re- pourri iu A minor for violin and orchestra,
arrangement of I Lomhardi alia i)rima cro- op. GG, by the composer (Peters, Leipsie,
ciata.The greater part of the music re- 1835). Revived in Stuttgart, March G, 1882,
mains unchanged, but Verdi has added with Frau SehrOder-Hanfstangel in the title-
JE
rule. It is a favorite part also with IMa- JESUS, Padre GABRIEL DE, born at
tbilJe Mallinger. Spolir, Autobiography, Leiria in 1G50, died in 1708. Organ-
ii.148 Clument et
; Larousse, 379 Athen- ist and harp player, Cistercian monk in
;
ieum (1853), 9G9 ; Allgem. mus. Zeituiig the monastery at Alcobaâ, in Estremadura.
(25), G29 (33), 484.
;
His principal work is a collection of 15 mo-
JE SUIS DE YOUS TR^S-MECON- tets, which remain in MS. Vasconcellos ;
TENTE. See A m de la Maison.
i Fetis Mendel. ;
JESU, BEUGE DOCH MEIN HERZE, jfiSUS DE NAZARETH, song by Gou-

bass aria in E-flat major, with accoinpaiu- nod, sung by M. Lherie, at Mme Viardot's
luent of oboo, violin, and continue, in Jo- student's concert, Paris, June 2, 1882.
hann Sebastian Bach's cantata, " Wei- sich JliSUS SUR LE LAC DE TIBERIADE,
selbst crhOhet, tier soil eruiedriget wevden." scene for baritone, chorus, and orchestra, by
JESU, DEINE GNADENBLICKE, so- Gounod (Paris, 187G).
prano aria in G major, with accompaniment JE TAI TROMPE, JE FUS COUPABLE.
of 2 flutes in unison, oboe,and violins, and See liobirt le Diable.
viola in unison, in Johauu Sebastian Bach's JEUNE FEMME COLORE, LA, opera-
cantata, " Lubcl Gott in seinen Reicheu." comique, text by Clajiarede, founded on a
JESU MEINE FREUDE, choral by Jo- comedy by Etienne, music by Boieldieu,
haun Criiger, ijublished with his other cho- written in Russia, first represented at the
rals for four voices and two instruments, Theatre of the Hermitage, April 18, 1805,
under the title of "Praxis Pietatis, oder and at the Grand Theatre, Ajiril 24, St.
Kirchenmelodien fiber D. Luthers und an- Petersburg. It was given at the Theatre
dere Gesilnge " (Leipsic, 1C49 30th ed., Feydeau, Paris, Oct. 12, 1812. Pougin,
;
Berlin, 1703). Edition arranged by C. G. Boieldieu, 142.

Langbecker, published by G. Eicliler (Ber- JEUNE HENRI, LE, opera-comique in
lin, 1839). Allgem. mus. Zeitung (41), 382. two acts, text by Bouilly, music by Mehul,
JESU MEINE ZUVERSICHT, choral rejiresented at the Theatre Favart, Paris,

by Johann Criiger, contained in the collec- May 1, 1797. Henri IV. of France is the
tion Praxis Pietatis. subject. Clement et Larousse, 380.
JESUS, ANTONIO DE, born at Lisbon, JEUNESSE D'HERCULE, LA (The
died at Coimbra, April 15, 1G82. Monk and Youth of Hercules), symphonic poem for
church composer taught in the University
; orchestra, by Saint-Saens, op. 50, written
of Coimbra from 1030 till his death was ; in 1875. Published by Duraud et Schoe-
much esteemed bj' Dom Joao IV., in whoso newerk Arranged for jîano-
(Paris, 1878).
library his MSS. were preserved. Works : forte hands by E. Guiraud, for
for four
Mass for 10 voices do. for 12 voices 2 ; ; two pianofortes for four hands by the com-
masses for 8 voices Dixit Dominus for 12
; poser. Signale (1878), G25.
voices.
Vasconcellos Fetis Gerber. ; ; JEWSON, FREDERICK BOWEN, born
JESUS (Sena), BERNARDINO DE, born in Edinburgh, July 2G, 1823, still living,
at Lisbon in 1599, died there, April 10, 1889. Pianist, pupil at the Royal Academy
1G69. Church composer and Franciscan of Mtisic, where he became King's Scholar,
monk in the convent of Vianna, which he 1837, and is now professor of pianoforte.
entered in 1G15 as a choir-singer, and where Works : Overtures for orchestra Sonatas
;
he became definitor in 1650. He was much for pianoforte ; Concertos for do. and or-
esteemed by Dom Joao IV. on account of chestra ; Pianoforte music ; Songs, etc.
his fine voice and his thorough musical JIMENEZ, UGALDE (CIRIACO), born
knowledge. His works remain in MS. Fe- at Pampeluna, Feb. 5, 1828, still living, 1889.
tis ; Gerber. Organist and church composer, first in-
S33
JOACHIM
structed by his father in solfeggio, then been looked on as a matter of course. He
pupil of Jose Guelbenzu on the pianoforte, for some time divided the post of Conzert-
and at the Conservatorio, Jladrid, of Hila- meister of the Gewandhaus concerts at
rion Eslava on the organ. Became maestro Leipsic with David, but in 1849 he accepted
de capilla of the cathedral of Jaca in 1857, a similar position at "Weimar, in the grand-
of the metropolitan church of Valencia, ducal orchestra, of which Liszt was then
1861, and of the primatial church of Toledo, conductor. But it proved impossible for
18G5. Works Masses Motets Psalms,
: ; ; Joachim, who had been brought up under
etc. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 26. the influence of Mendelssohn and Schumann,
JOACHIiM, JOSEPH, born to get on well with Liszt, with whose revo-
at Kittsee,
near Presburg, June 28, lutionary tendencies he had no sympathy.
1831, still living, 1889. In 1854 he accepted the position of con-
He began to play the vio- ductor of concerts and solo-violinist to tlie
lin at the age of five, and King of Hanover, which post he held until
took lessons of Szerva- 1866, marrying Cornelia Weiss, a notable

csinski, Conzertmeister contralto singer, in 1863. In 1868 he went
of the at Pesth. to Berlin, as head of the Hochschule fiU'
Opera
His appearance in ausiibende Tonkuust, a then recently es-
first
public was in 1 838, when tablished department of the Royal Academy

heplaj-ed a duet with his of Arts. This school of music owes well-
master with great success. In 1841 he nigh all its fame and influence to Joachim.
studied under Bijhm in Vienna in 1843 In 1877 the University of Cambridge (Eng-
;
he went to Leipsic, whei'e he staid several land) bestowed ujion him the honorai-y de-
years, studying the violin together with the gree of Doctor of Music, and he has been
greatest works for that instrument by Bach, awarded many other honorary degrees in
Beethoven, Sjôhr, and Mendelssohn. His his own country, besides orders of knight-
regular teacher was Ferdinand David, but hood from several reigning princes. As a
he was also largely under the influence of composer he follows Schumann more than
Mendelssohn, in whom his talent excited Mendelssohn. His music is always noble
enthusiasm. At first he appeared but little in aim, and generally grave and even som-
in public, devoting bis time rather to the bre. His most imjjortant work as yet is the
serious study of his art, than to making him- Hungarian Concerto for violin and orches-
self a virtuoso. The wisdom of this course tra. His friend.ship for and admiration of
has ever been felt in Joachim's public Johannes Brahms has been noted for some
career. He is probably the only great vio- time, and he may now be accounted the
linist on record who has never swerved leading " Brahmsianer " in Germany. His
from a fixed purpose to devote his excep- opposition to Robert Franz in the contro-
tional talents solely to the interpretation of versy on the " additional accomjjaniment "
music of the highest class. As an execu- question, is probably the only step he ever
tant he stands at the head of living vio- took which the conservatively disposed
linists, but his intellectual superiority in the music-lover will be inclined to regret.
fineness and cultivation of his artistic sense, Works L Orchestra Overture to Ham-
: :
is infinitely more striking. As a player of let, oj). 4 do. to Schiller's Demetrius (MS.),
;
classic violin music, esjêcially as a quartet op. 6; do. to Henry IV. (MS.), op. 7; do.
player, he is now the unquestioned model. do. in com-
to a play of Gozzi's (MS.), op. 8 ;
He visited London memoration of Kleist, op. 13 Two marches,

for the first time in 1814, ;
and in C and D, with trios.

returned in 1847, '49, '52, '58, '59, '62 ;
since then his annual apjiearance there has n. Violin Audautino cd allegro scher- :
334
;
JOAO
zoso, with orcliestra, op. 1 ; 3 Stiicke (Ro- JOCELYN, opera in four acts, text by
luauze, Fantasiestiick, Friibliugsfantasie) Ai-mand Silvestre and Victor Cajjoul, music
for violin aud pianoforte, op. 2 Concerto ; by Benjamin Godard, first represented at
in one movement, in G minor, with orches- the Theatre de la Monnaie, Brussels, Feb.
tra, op. 3 3 Stiicke (Lindenrauschen, Abend-
; 25, 1888 first time in Paris, at the Theatre
;
glocken. Ballade) for violin and pianoforte, Lyrique National, Oct. 13, 1888.
op. 5 ; Hebriiische Melodien, for violin aud JOCONDE, ou les coureurs d'aventures,
pianoforte, op. 9 ; Variations on an original opera-comique in three acts, text by tienne,
theme, for viola aud piauoforto, op. 10 music by Nicolo Isouard, first represented
Conzert in ungarischer Weise, iu D minor, at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Feb. 28,
op. 11 ; Notturuo, with orchestra, op. 12 ;
1814. It is one of Isouard's best operas,
3 cadenzas to Beethoven's violin concerto. and was regarded as the masterpiece of
ni. Vocal Scena der Marfa (from
: French opera-comique until Auber's works
Schiller's Demetrius), for contralto voice were produced. The couplets, "Et Ton
and orchestra, op. 14 Song, Ich hab' im revient toujours a ses i)remieres amours,"
;
Traum geweinet, for voice and pianoforte. and their refrain were very i30i)ular. The
Mendel; Eiemann
Fetis; do.. Supple- ojjera was revived at the Opera Comique,
;
ment, Wurzbach, x. 217

ii. 27 ; Hart, Paris, 1857. Performed by Carl Rosa's
;
The Violin, 439; Mus. Wochenblatt, ii. English opera comjjany, translation bj- Sant-
377. ley, at the Lyceum, Loudon, Oct. 25, 1876.
_^
JOAO IV., King of Portugal, born at A revision by Grandaur, entitled Minne-

Villa- Vi50sa, March 19, 1G04, died at Lis- fahrten, was rejiresented in Munich in 1870.
bon, Nov. G, 1656. Church composer, and Clement et Larousse, 381 Allgem. mus. ;
theoretical writer on music. Although he Zeitung (16), 804 Athenaium (1876), ii. 568. ;
lived in themidst of great i)olitical struggles, JODOCUS PRATENSIS. See Despres,

he gave much
time to scientific researches, Josquin.
and especially to the study of music. He JOHANN ERNST, Prince of Saxe-Wei-
collected an immense musical library, known mar, born Dec. 29, 1696, died at Frankfort,
as Bibliotheca Real de Musica, largely com- Aug. 1, 1715. Violinist and pianist, pupil
posed of the most valuable MSS. and of rare of his gentlemau-in-waiting Gregor Chris-
works gathered at great expense from every toph Eylensteiu, on the violin, and of Wal-
country. It was entirely destroyed in 1755, ther on the pianoforte and in composition.
during the great earthquake in Lisbon. This master testifies that after nine months'
The first volume of the catalogue of this tuition he was able to compose the six con-
library, in the National Library, Paris, gives certos which were published under his
a good idea of the value of the collection. name. He was starting on a journey un-
Of his compositions, three only of his mo- dertaken for the study of music when his
tets survive, one of which is in Georges early death took place. Vâlther, 331 ;
Schmitt's Anthologie Universelle de Mu- Gerber Fetis. ;
sique Sacrtie (Paris, 18G9). He wrote four JOHANNES DER TAUFER, oratorio,
works on music, two of which were pub- by Carl Loewe, written in 1862.
lished, and are now very rare the others JOHN GILPIN, cantata, text after Cow-
;
were left in MS. at his death, with directions per's poem, music by Thomas Anderton,
for their publication to his successor, but first performed by the Festival Choral So-
never were given to the world.
Vasconcel- ciety of Birmingham, England, Dec. 8, 1875,
los ;Fetis do., SuppK'ment, ii. 784 Ger- the composer conducting. The part of John
; ;
ber Mendel Schilling Van der Straeten, Giljiin was sung by Mr. Lloyd, that of Mrs.
; ; ;
vu. 467. Gilpin by Mrs. Lemmens.
335
,
JOHNS
JOHNS, CLAYTON, born of American acts, text by J. Adeuis and Saint-Georges,
parentage in New Delaware, Nov. music by Geoi'ges Bizet, rejsresented at the
Castle,
2i, 1857, still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil Theatre Lyri(jue, Paris, Dec. 26, 1867.
in theory of J. K. Paine, and on the jjiano- JOMMELLI, NICCOLO, born at Aversa,
forte of William H. Sherwood, Boston. In near ap1 e s N
1882 he went to Europe and studied com- Sept. 11, 1714,
position in Berlin under Friedrich Kiel, died iu Naples,
and the pianoforte iinder Grabau, Eummel, Aug. 28, 1774.
and Eaif. Keturuing in 1884 he settled in First studied un-
Boston, where he has since resided, ap^sear- der a canon
ing occasionally in concerts. Works : 7 named Mozzillo,
Songs by Ludwig Uhland 3 English Songs ; then at the Cou-
by Austen Dobson Song of Fom- Seasons
; ;
servatorio di San
4 Songs by Ada Chresten Songs No Lo- ; : Onofrio, Naples,
tus Flower on Ganges floats Deep in a ;
under Durante ;
Kose's glowing Heart etc. Romance and

; ; but soon left that institution for La Pieta
Scherzino for violin and pianoforte Im- ; Turchini, where he studied singing
de'
promptu capriccietto, pianoforte. under Prato and IMancini, and composi-
JOHNSON, EDWAliD, one of the com- tion under Feo and Leo. His first com-
posers who harmonized the tunes forEste's positions were ballets his next cantatas, a
;
Whole Booke of Psalms (1792). He contri- form of composition far better suited to his
buted the madrigal. Come, blessed bird, to talent, and in which he was so successful as
the Triumphes of Oriana (1001). Another to elicit from Leo the most brilliant prophe-
madrigal by him. Ah, silly John, is preserved cies for his future. Piccinni ^vrites that Jom-
in the MSS. of the Sacred Harmonic Society melli so dreaded the popular judgment upon
Library, London. Grove Burney, His- ; his first opera, L' errore amoroso, that he
tory, iii. 101. had it brought out (Naj^les, 1737) under the
JOHNSON, ROBERT, bom in latter half name of Valentino, an obscure Neapolitan
of IGth century, died after 1625. Lutist, in musician ; the work, however, met with much
the service of Sir T. Kyston, of Heugrave success. In 1740 the Cardinal Duke of
Hall, Suffolk ; later went to London and York summoned him to Rome, where two
composed music for the theatres. He was of his operas, R
Ricimero and L' Astianasse,
in the service of Prince Henry iu 1611. were brought out. He went next to Bo-
Works Music to the dramas. The Witch,
: logna, where he formed a firm friendship
1610, Shakspeare's Tempest, 1612, Valen- with the great Padre Martini, whose influ-
tinian, and The Mad Lover, 1617, and ence upon him was probably considerable.
Masque of the Gipsies, 1621 Contributions ; After a brilliant career at Bologna, he went
to " Leightou's Teares " ; Songs, madrigals, to Vienna iu 1745, where he wrote Achille
etc. Grove. in Sciro and Didone, and formed a friend-
JOHOHOE! TR.IFT IHR DAS SCHIFF. ship with Metastasio. But, though it is
See Fiiegende Hollander. highly improbable that the poet's influence
JOLIE FILLE DE GAND, LA (The Fair had anything to do with the change in Joni-
Maid of Ghent), Ballet-pantomime in three melli's style of composition, as some writers
acts and nine by Saint- have asserted, the fondness for more fre-
tableaux, text
Georges, music by Adolphe Adam, first rep- quent modulation and a richer orchestration
resented at the Opi'ra, Paris, June 22, 1842. which he evinced at one time, was undoubt-
JOLIE FILLE DE PERTH, LA (The edlj- due to his becoming acquainted with
Fair ]\Iaid of Perth), opera-comique in four the works of German composers, and dates
'
336
TEE NE^ YORKJ
PUBLIC LIBRARTI
;;
JOMMELLI
from his sojourn in Stuttgart, nine j-ears was more careful than they to respect the
later. In 1740 he returned to Naples, where natural dramatic proprieties in operatic
his Eumeue had a positive triumph. Me- writing. He gave up the Da Capo form of
rope excited quite as much enthusiasm at the aria, which Scarlatti had established, and
Venice in 1747. The Council of Ten ap- let the often extended musical develoj)ment
pointed him director of the Scuola degl' of his airs and concerted pieces go, as far
Incurabili,and he began seriously to apply as 230ssible, hand in hand with the develop-
himself to sacred composition, a path he ment of the dramatic situation. He has
had always been ambitious to pursue, and been called the Italian Gluck.
to his success iu which he owed the better Works. I. Operas L' errore amoroso, :
part of his fame. An 8-voice Laudate for Naples, 1737 Odoardo, ib., 1738 Eicimero,
; ;
two choruses, belonging to his Venetian Rome, 1740 Astianasse, ib., 1741 ; Ezio, ;
period, although never published, is one of Bologna, 1741 jlferope, Venice, 1741 Don
; ;
his most admired works. In 1748 he was Trastullo, intermezzo II Creso, 1743 ;
recalled to Rome to write his opera of Ar- Giro ricouosciuto, 1744 Didone, ib., 1745 ;
;
taserse, and the Cardinal Alessandro Albani Eumeue, Naples, 1746 Achille in Sciro, ;
procured him in 1649 the post of maestro Vienna, 1745 L' Amore in maschera, ib., ;
di caijpella at St. Peter's. In 1754 ho, sent 1746 Sofouisba, Venice, Teatro San Gio-
;
iu his resignation, and went to Stuttgart vanni Crisostomo, 1746 La critica, farsa, ;
to become maestro di cappella and court- 1747 Ezio (new music), Naples, 1748
;
;
composer to the Duke of Wiirtemberg. He L' incantato, Rome, 1749 Arlaserse, ib., ;
returned to Naples iu 1771, to find that the Teatro Argentina, 1749 Ifigenia in Tau- ;
Italian public had completely forgotten him. ride, ib., 1751 Talestri, ib., 1752 Attilio
; ;
His Ai-mida met with little success, for Regolo, ib., 1752 Semiramide, Piacenza, ;
although one of his best works, its German 1752 L' Ipermexlra, Spoleto, 1752
; Baja- ;
style was not to the public taste. His Ifi- zette, Turin, 1753 (?) Demetrio, Parma, ;
genia (1773) made even a more decided 1753 (?) Penelope, Stuttgart, 1754 Enea
; ;
failure. This sudden lack of popular suc- nelLazio, ib., 1755; II rii pasture, ib., 1755
;
cess threw the sensitive composer into a Didone (new music), ibid., 1756 Alessandro ;
melancholy and brought on a stroke of nell' Indie, ib., 1751 NilMi, ib., 1757; ;
apoplexy, which prevented his fulfilling a Temistocle, Najjles, Teatro San Carlo, 1757
;
commission from the King of Portugal to II Irionfo di Clelia, ib., 1757 La clemenza ;
write two ojieras and a cantata. On his re- di Tito, Stuttgart, 1758 (?) ; Demofoonte, ib.,
covery he wrote a cantata in honor of the 1760 (?) II Fedonte, ; ib., 1761 (?) ; L' isola
birth of the Prince of Naples, and a Miser- disabitata, ib., 1762 Endimione, ib.,
(?) ;
ere for two which wondrously beau- 1763 (?) Vologeso, ib., 1764 (?) L' OJim-
voices, ; ;
tiful comijosition was his swan-song, as well piade, ib., 1765 La schiava liberata, ib.,
(?) ;
as his most famous work. He died very 1766 (?) L' asilo d' amore, ib., 1767 (?)
;
shortly after writing it ; a funeral service in La pastorella illustre, ib., 1768 (?) ; H cac-
his honor was conducted with much pomp ciator deluso, ib., 1769 (?) matrimonio ; II
on Nov. 11, 1774. Jommelli belongs dis- percoucorso, ib., 1770 (?) Armida, Naples, ;
tinctly to the "great" period of Italian 1771 Ezio (third opera on this subject,
;
opera, which began with Alessandro Scar- written for the birthday of Joiio I. of Portu-
latti, and may be said to represent the cul- Lisbon (?), 1771 Armida, Naples, Tea-
gal), ;
minating point of this period. Although tro San Carlo, 1771 Demofoonte (new mu- ;
not the superior of his great predecessors, sic), ib., 1772 Cerere placata, festa teatrale,
;
Scarlatti, Leo, and Vinci, either in original ib., 1772 Ifigenia in Aulide, ib., 1773
;
genius or iu musical learning and skill, he Cajo Marzio, ib., 1773 (?).
337
;;
; ;
JONAS
n. Cantatas Perdono, amata Nice, for performed in English at St. James's Hall,
:
a single and instruments

voice Giusti London, March 15, 1872, text adapted by ;
nuiui, id. E quando sara mai, id. Partii- Henrj' Leslie. Joseph Maas sang the part
; ;
coiiviene, id. Cantata for 2 sopranos.

;
of Jonah. The air Just art Thou, oh Lord,
TTT. Oratorios La passione di Gesil my God, is dramatic and full of devotional
:
Cristo, for 4 voices, chorus, and orchestra feeling. The score was edited by Henry ;
Isacco, figura del Redentore, id. Betulia Leslie and published by Cocks & Co. (Lon- ;
liberata, id. Santa Elena al Calvario, id.

;
don). Athenreum (1872), i. 375.
IV. Chui-ch music Dixit a 4 voci In JONAS, E:\ULE, born in Paris, March
: ;
convertendo, salmo a 2 voci ed orchestra 5, 1827, still living, 1889. Dramatic com-
Responsorj per la Settimana Santa, a 4 voci poser, pupil of Lecoupey and Carafa at
Dixit a 8 voci in 2 cori liliserere a 8 voci the Conservatoire, where he receiveel the 2d
;
e 2 cori 5 Misse a 4 voci, orchestra ed prize for harmony in 184G, the 1st in 1847,
;
organo Missa de' defonti (Requiem) a 4 and the 2d grand prix for his cantata An-
;
voci, orchestra ed organo Confitebor, a 3 tonio in 1849 was professor of Solfege at

; ;
voci Laudate, a 4 soprani e 2 cori

; In the Conservatoire in 1847-G6 instructor in ; ;
convertendo, a 6 voci concertauti e 2 cori liarmony of a class arranged for the pupils
Magnificat (called dell' eco), a 4 e 8 voci from the militarj' bands in 1859-70 at the ;
Inno di San Pietro, concertato, a 2 cori same time chef de musique of a subdivis-
Dixit, a 8 voci Graduale, a 4 voci Veni,; Guard and director of
; ion in the National
Sancte Spiritus, a 4 voci Lsctatus sum, music at the Portuguese sj-nagogue.
; In
id. Confitebor, id.
; Beatus vir, id. Con- ; 1867 he was ajipointed secretary of the
;
firraa hoc, Deus, a 5 voci ed orchestra committee for the organization of military
Miserere, a 4 voci ; Victim;n paschali, a G festivals at the Palais de I'lndustrie, and in
voci ; Miserere, a 5 voci ; Te Deum, a 4 voci recognition of his services received the
ed orchestra Eegnum mundi, a 4 voci cross of the Legion of Honour. Works
; :
Veni, spousa Christi, per soprano, coro ed Antonio, cantata, 1849 Overture (2), 1851 ;
orchestra Victimre paschali, a 4 voci

; and 1852 Le duel de Benjamin, opera, ; ;
Credidi, a 4 voci Graduale, a 3 voci, per given at the BoutTes Parisiens, 1855
; La ;
la festa della Sta. Vcrgine Discerne causam parade, opieretta, ib., 185G ; Le roi boit, ;
meam, graduale a 4 voci Domine Deus, in do., ib., 1857 Les petits j)i'odiges, do., ib.,
; ;
siiiiplicitate, ofFertorio a 4 voci Justus ut 1857 Job et son chien, do., ib., 18G3 Le ; ; ;
paliua llorebit, graduale a 4 voci Cantata manoir des La Renardiere, do., ib., 18G4 ;
;
a 3 voci per la Nativita della Sta. Vergine Avant la noce, do., ib., 18G5 Les deux ; ;
Salve Regina, per soprano ed orchestra arlcquins, do., Fantaisies Parisiennes, 18G5; ;
Miserere, a 2 soprani ed orcb. Several Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre, do. (with ;
Bizet, Delibes, and Legouix), Athe-

nee, 1867 Le canard a trois bees, ;
do., Folies Dramatiques, 18G9

(py^\C(flo
Desire, Sire de Champigny,
Misse a 3 e 5 voci ed orcb. Responsorj per do., Bouffes Parisiens, 1869 Javotte, do.,
; ;
il mei'coledi, il giovedi ed il venerdi della Athenee, 1871 (written for and given at the

Settimana Santa. Alfieri, Notizie biogi-a- Gaiety Theatre, London, as Cinderella the
fiche di Niccoln Jommelli (Rome, 1845) Younger, a few months earlier) Le chi- ;
Biografia degli Italiani illustri del secolo gnon d'or, do., Brussels, 1874 La poularde ;
XVIII, Vol. 1 (Venice, 1835) Fetis. de Caux, do. (with Bazille, Clapisson, and
;
JONAS, oratorio by Carissimi. The MS. others), Theatre du Palais-Royal La prin- ;
is in the National Library, Paris. First cesse Kelebella Miss Robinson La bonne
; ;
338
; ;
JONClfiRES
aventure, 1882 ; Le premier
Booke of Ayres (1611) "Faire Oriana, seem- baiser, 1883. ;
iY'tis ; do., Eiemann. ing to wink at folly," madrigal for 6 voices,

Supijlement, ii. 28 ;
JONClfiRES, (FELIX LUDGER, called) in Triumphes of Oriana Other madrigals ;
VICTOEINDE.born and iîeces published in Leighton's Teares,

ill Paris, Ajnil 12, Smith's Musica Antiqua, etc. Grove Fe- ;
1839, still living, tis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
1889. Dramatic com- JONES, Eev. WIXLIAIM, born at Lowick,

poser, jjiipil at the Northamptonshire, England, July 30, 1726,
Conservatoire of El- died at Nayland, Suffolk, Jan. 6, 1800.
wart in banuony, and Church composer, educated at Oxford be- ;
of Leborne in couii- came vicar of Bethersden, Kent, in 1764,

terj)oint and fugue, and later rector of Plucklej' and of Paston,
but left his class ab- Northamptonshire, and curate of Nayland,
ruptly on account of 1784. Works: A Treatise on the Art of
a discussion with Leborne on Wagner's mu- Music (1784, 2d ed., 1827) 10 pieces for ;
sic, which Joiicicres admires. He is musical the organ, with 4 anthems in score (1789)
critic of La Liberte. Works Le Sicilieu, Double chant and other sacred music.
: ;
ou I'Amour peintre, opera-comique, Ecole Grove Fetis. ;
Lyrique, Paris, 1859 Sardanapale, opera. JORDAN, CHARLES W.WIWICK, born

;
Theatre Lyrique, 18G7 Le dernier jour de at Clifton (Bristol), England, Dec. 28, 1840,
;
Pompt'i, do., ib., 18G9 Dimitri, do., ib., still living, 1889.
; Organist of St. Paul's,
1876 Bordeaux, 1883 La reiue Berthe, Buuhill Eow, of St. Luke's, West Holloway
; ;
do., Opera, 1878; Le chevalier Jean, 1885 ; (1860), of St. Stephen's, Lewisham (1866),
Music to Hamlet, 18G1 ; Symphonie ro- honorary organist of London Gregorian
mantique, Concert national, 1870 ; La mer, Church Association, and conductor of sev-
choral Concert overture Hun-
symphony ; ; eral musical societies. He is fellow of the
garian serenade Concerto for violin Pi-
; ; College of Organists, andMus. Bac, Oxford,
anoforte music, and romances. Fetis, Sup- 1869. Works : Blow ye the trumpet in
plement, ii. 28 Mendel Eiemann.
; ; Ziou, cantata ; Com-
Services, including a
JONES, JOHN, born England about munion Service in E, with brass instru-
in
1730, died in Loudon, Feb. 17, 1796. Be- ments Anthems Organ music Songs, ; ; ;
came organist of the Middle Temple in etc. He has published also 150 Harmo-
1749, of the Charterhouse in 1753, and of nies for Gregorian Tones.
St. Paul's Cathedral iu 1755. He held the JOSEFFY, EAFAEL. born at Miskolcz.
three places at the time of his death. Hungary, in 1853,
Haydn heard and was deeply moved by one still living, 1889, in
of his chants iu 1791. Works : Sixty New York. Pianist,
chants Single and Double (1785). Grove pupil of IMoscheles
Barrett, English Church Composers, 137. audofTausig. Won
JONES, EOBEET, composer and lutist, reputation on his
lived in London in the beginning of the first concert tour in
17th century. Works The First Booke of Holland and Ger-
:
Ayres (1601) The Second Booke of Songs many and has since
; ;
and Ayres (1601) The First Set of Madri- played with success
;
gals (1607) ; Ultimum Vale, or Third Book throughout Europe

-""
of Ayres (1608) ; A Musicall Dreame, or and the United
the Fourth Booke of Ayres (1609); The States. Works Ungarisches Album, 6 pieces :
Muse's Garden for delight, or the Fifth for pianoforte, op. 11 Valse caprice, op. 22 ; ;
; ;
JOSEPH
Die Miible, op. 23 ; Itlylle, op. 25 ; Ciacon- the sweets of life," written in C, appears in
netta, op. 26 ; Perles d'Allemagoe, waltz, Schmidt's edition in B-flat, and Guarducci
op. 27 Dause des roses, mazoui-ka,
; op. sang it in D. The air. Powerful Guardians,
29 ; Danse iK-gre, op. 31 Serenade for ; vio- was taken from Alr.rander Balus, and the
lin witli pianoforte, op. Wiegenlied, for music of the final chorus from the Delfin-
31 ;
do.; Marcbe turque, grand morceau de con- gen Anthem. This oratorio has seldom
cert, for pianoforte Conzert-Studien nacli been sung since Handel's death. The parts
;
Chopin ; Barcarolles, berceuses, gavottes, of Joseph and Benjamin are marked "boy,"
Liindler, Polkas nobles, etc. for pianoforte and were originally sung by choristers. Jo-
Songs. seph was afterward sung by Guarducci.
JOSEPH, opera in three acts, text by The conducting score contains the names :
Alexandre Duval, music by Mt'hul, first rep- Asenath, Signora Frasi, later Mrs. Pinto
resented at the Tht'ati-e Feydeau, Paris, Phanoi-, Signora Galli (who made her debut
Feb. 17, 1807. The subject is from the in this oratorio), Passerini, IMi'S. Scott High ;
Bible. This opera, Mohul's masterpiece, Priest, Mrs. Scott, Passerini Judah, Beard. ;
has much dramatic power. Original cast The other characters are Pharaoh, bass and : ;
Simeon and Iteuben, tenors. Published by

Joseph M. Elleviou.
Walsh Chrysander's edition (Breitkopf & ;
Jacob M. Solio.
Simeon M. Gavaudan.
Hiirtel, Leipsic, 1883). Rockstro, Handel,
278 Schcelcher, 285.
Benjamin Mme Gavaudan. ;
JOSEPH, oratorio in two parts, text se-

Among the chief numbers are Joseph's lected from the Bible by Dr. Edwin George:
gi-and aria, " Vainement Pharaon, dans sa Monk, music by George Alexander Macfar-
reconnaissance " Joseph's romance, " A I'en, produced at the Leeds festival, Sept.
;
peine au sortir de I'enfance " the prayer, 21, 1877. Athenaium (1877), ii. 379.
;
" Dieu d'lsrai^l, p6re de la nature " Benja- JOSEPH (Joseplii), GEOKG, German ;
min's romance, " Ah lorsque la mort, trop composer of the 2d half of the 17th cent-
!
cruelle;" the trio, "Des chants lointains ury. He was Kapellmeister to the bishop
ont frappe mon oreille
;
" and the duet " O of Breslau ; wi'ote the music for a collec-
toi le digne appui d'un pure." Published tion of canticles : Heilige Seelenlust, etc.
by Meysenburg (Paris, 1807). It was given (Breslau, 1GG8), which was liehl in great
in New York in February, 18G3 revived in esteem. Mendel Fotis Winterfeld, Kir-
; ; ;
Paris, June, 1882.

Clement et Larousse, chengesang, ii. 509.
382 Hanslick, Moderns Oper, 89
; Le JOSEPHSON, JACOB AXEL, born in ;
Menestrel (1881-82), 210, 219. Stockholm, March 27, 1818, died at Upsal,
JOSEPH, oratorio in three acts, text by March 29, 1880. Vocal comjjoser, jjupil at
the Rev. James Miller, music by Handel, the Leipsic Conservatorium, and in 1848
first performed at Covent Gai-den, London, director of music at the University of Up-
March 2, 1744, and sung four times during sal. He devoted much time to the cultiva-
that year. This, Handel's eighth English tion of music in that city, which in conse-
oratorio, is dedicated to the Duke of Mon- quence became one of the musical centres
tague. The original score in Buckingham of Sweden. He was director of the Stu-
Palace is dated at the end of the first part, dent's Singing Society, the Students' Chapel,
Aug. 2(), 1743, and at the end of the sec- and the Philharmonic Society. His songs,
ond. Sept, 12, 1743 the last date is not ballads, romances (Stockholm, Leipsic) are
;
given. Various alterations in the music very popular. Mendel.

were made, several by Handel, probably JOSHUA, oratorio in three parts, text by
after 17C0. The air, " The Peasant tastes Dr. Thomas Morell, music by Handel, first
340
:
JOSQUIN
performed at Covent Gai-clen, London, orchestra. Fotis, Supplement, ii. 30 ; Men-
March 19, 1748. This, Handel's fourteenth del, Ergiinz., 174.
English oratorio, was begun July 19, 1747. JOTA AEAGONESA, LA, a national
The J\IS., preserved in Buckingham palace, dance of northern Spain, a species of waltz
is dated at the end of the first part July 30, in 3-time. Transcription for orchestra by
1747, at the second, Aug. 8, 1747, and at Camille Saint-Saens, op. 64 ; arranged for
the third, Aug. 19,The work was pianoforte and violin, and for pianoforte for
1747.
performed seven times during Handel's life, four hands, by the comj)oser (Durand-
was first sung in Berlin, Jan. 13, 1833, and Schoenewerk, Paris). Same title, Capriccio
was revived by the Sacred Harmonic So- brillante for orchestra by Glinka, written
ciety of London, June 19, 1839. It con- in Madrid in 1847, edited and dedicated to
tains many reminiscences of the composer's Franz Liszt, by the sister of the composer
early Italian works. The trio and chorus, L. Schestakof, published by B. Schott's
" See the conquering hero comes," was Siihnen (Mainz, 1860). Arranged for the
transfen-ed after the first season to Judas pianoforte by M. Balakirev, published by
Maccabseus. Haydn heard Joshua at the Schott (Mainz, between 1868-73).
Antieut Concerts, London, and declared that JOTIRET, LEON, born at Ath, Belgium,
only one inspired author ever did, or would, Oct. 17, 1828, still living, 1889. Dramatic
pen so sublime a composition as " The na- and church comj)Oser, brother of Theodore,
tions tremble." Characters represented studied music in his native town, and from
:
Joshua (T.) Caleb (B.) Othniel (C.) Achsah 1840 at the Conservatoire, Brussels, where
; ; ;
(S.), and an Angel (S.). Joshua was sung he became professor in 1874. Works
first in Boston by the Handel and Haydn Quentiu Matsj's, opera, given in Brussels,
Society, April 16, 187G. Published first by at the Cercle Artistique et Litteraire, 1865 ;
Walsh edited by Chrysander (Breitkojjf & Le tricorne enchante, do., ib., 1868 Can-
; ;
Hiirtel, Leipsic, 1864).

Rockstro, Handel, tata for Pentecost, in 3 parts, for 5 voices,
288 Schcelcher, 309.
;
with organ, violoncello, and double bass ;
JOSQUIN. See Desprh. Mass for do. Domine Salvum fac Motets ; ;
JOSSE, JEAN :\IAEIE, born at Toulouse, and psalms Choruses for male voices a ;
Feb. 23, 1815, died at Asnieres, near Paris, cappella Melodies, romances, ; etc. Fe-
June, 1884. Dramatic comjjoser, pupil at tis. Supplement, ii. 31 Mendel, ; Ergiinz.,
the maitrise of the Cathedral of Toulouse ;
174.
when twelve years went to Bordeaux,
old, JOURET, THEODORE, born at Ath,
where he studied harmony and composi- Belgium, Sept. 11, 1821, still living, 1889.
tion under Massin (Turina) in 1832 en- Vocal composer and musical critic brother
; ;
tered the Paris Conservatoire, as pupil of of Leon Jouret. He first took up music as
Reicha in fugue, and of Lesueur in compo- an amateur, while pursuing his scientific
sition. In 1836 he became connected with studies, and in 1840-46 composed melodies
the orchestra of the Theatre Nautique as and choruses for male voices. In collabor-
second violin, then as viola at the Opera ation with Guillaume Meynne, he wrote the
Comique, where he afterwards was sous- opera-comique Le medecin Turc, given in a
chef d'orchestre. lu 1850 he went to St. musical salon in Brussels, 1845. Since
Petersburg as conductor of orchestra at the 1846 he has been the musical critic succes-
Michel Theatre returned to France in 1861, sively on several Belgian pajêrs, and from
;
and settled in Marseilles. Works La ten- Paris and Germany has sent many contri-
:
tation, oratorio, Paris, 1848 Le talisman, butions to the Independance Beige, and the
;
opera-comique, ib., 1849 ; La lega, opera, Journal de Saint-Petersbourg. He is pro-

Milan, Scala, 1876 ; Many compositions for fessor of chemistry at the military school,
341
JOURS
Brussels. Oreler of Lt.'oi)ol(.l. Fctis, Siip- JUBEL-CANTATE (Jubilee Cantata), for
plt'iiient, Meudel, Ergiluz., 174.
ii. 31 ; chorus, soli, and orchestra, text bj' Fried-
JOURS DE MON
ENFANCE. See Pre rich Kind, music by Carl ]\Iaria von Weber,
aux Clercs. op. 58, written in 1818 for the festival to
JOUVE, ELZÂR aiAEIE, born at Apt celebrate the 50th anniversary of the reign
(Vaucluse), France, Feb. 12, 1805, still liv- of King Friedrich August of Saxony, Sep-
ing, 1880. Dramatic and elnircli composer, tember 20th of that year, but was not per-
pujsil at the Conservatoire, Paris, of Fetis formed. First given at the Neustadt
and Berton. He became chef d'orchestre Church, Dresden, under Weber's direction.
at Strasburg, and in 1830 at Cai-peutras, The autograph is in possession of Max von
whence he went to A%-iguon, and then set- Weber, Vienna. A second text, suitable for
tled in his native town to teach music. general performance, entitled Ernte-cantate
Works : Le (Hai-vest cantata), was written by Amadeus
dissij)ateur sans argent, opera,
given at Strasburg, 1827 Music for the Wendt, and is the one commonly sung.
;
drama Le seigneur et I'iutendant, ib., 1829 Another version. The Festival of Peace,
;
Messe solennelle, ib., 1829 Other church text by Hampdon Napier, was given in
;

music. Fetis Mendel. ;
London, May 2G, 1826, under Weber's di-
JOUVE, ESPRIT GUSTA\TE, bom at rection, a few days before his death. The
Buis-les-Baronnies (Drome), France, June score with the two texts, preceded by the
1, 1805, still living, 1889. Church com- Jubel-ouvertiire, was published by Schle-
poser, writer on music, scientist, and archje- singer (Berlin, 1818). Reissmann, Weber,
ologist. He was first a lawyer, then a 93 Grove, iv. 409, 423 Jiihn, Weber, ; ;
priest, and became canon of the cathedral Verzeichniss, 2G1 Weber, Weber's Lebens- ;
of Valence in 1839. He devoted many bild, ii. 175, 696 Monthly Musical Rec- ;
years to scientific research, published works ord (1873) Upton, Standard Cantatas, ;
on music, on painting, and other arts. He 344.

composed masses for 3 voices, with organ JUBELOUVERTURE (Jubilee Over-
and orchestra (Lyons and Paris, 1843-55) ture) for orchestra, in E, by Carl Maria von
;
Stabat Mater, for do. Collection of motets, Weber, op. 59, first performed at the Court
;
hymns, and anthems do. of Canticle.s. Theatre, Dresden, Sept. 20, 1818.
; The au-
Fi'tis do., Supph'ment, ii. 33
; Larousse. tograph in the KOnigliche Bibliothek, Ber-
;
JOZfi, THOMAS RICH.UJD GONZAL- lin, is dated Dresden, Sept. 11, 1818, and
VEZ, born in Dublin, was written for the festival to celebrate the
Ireland, Sept. 26, 1853, 50th anniversary of the King of Saxony's
still living, 1889. reign but it has no connection with the
;
Christ
Chorister in Jubel-Cantate. The national anthem Hcil
Church Cathedral, dir in Siegerkranz is inti'oduced. Per-
1861,and deputy or- formed by the Philharmonic Society of
ganist in do., 18G9 New York, April 22, 1843. Published by
;
professor of pianoforte Schlesinger (Berlin) ; Richault (Paris, 1818).

in Royal Irish Academy Weber, Weber'sLebensbild, ii. ISO ; Jiihns,
of Music, 1871 con- Weber, Verzeichniss, 265
; ; AUgem. Mus. Zei-
ductor of Kingston tung (43), 975.
Philharmonic Society, 1876 Mus. Doc, JUBEL-OUVERTURE, for orchestra, by
;
Dublin, Works: The Prophecy of Joachim Rafl', op. 103, composed for the
1877.
Cajjys, cantata A Dream of the Fairies, celebration of the twenty-fifth year of tlie
;
do. ; Part-songs, songs, pianoforte music, rule of Prince Adolf, Duke of Nassau. Pub-
etc. lished by Kahnt (Leipsic, 1860-67).
3^
JUDAS
JUDAS MACCAB.EUS, oratorio iu tliree zer's additional accompaniments
'
in Ber- ;
acts, text suggested by Handel and select- lin, Nov. 1, 1820, at the Handel Festival
ed by the Eev. Thomas Morell, D.D., from (England), June 17, 1857, and first in Bos-
the first book of Maccabees, and the twelfth ton by the Handel and Haydn Society, Dec.
book of Josephus's " Antiquities of the 5, 1847. Published first by Walsh (Lou-
Jews," music by Handel, first iêrformed at don) edition by Macfarreu (Cramer & Co.,;
Covent Garden, London, April 1, 1747. It London, 1855) and by Chrysander (Breit- ;
was written between July 9 and Aug. 11, kopi & Hiirtel, Leipsic, 1866). Rockstro,
1746, by command of Frederick, Prince of Handel, 285 Schrelcher, 303 Upton, Stand- ; ;
Wales, to celebrate the return of "William, ard Oratorios, 149 Athenseum (1857), 797 ;
;
Duke of Cumberland, after the victory of Allgem. mus. Zeit., sxii, 760, xxiii, 108*.
CuUoden, April 16, 17-46. The autograph JUDICE, CESARE DE, born at Paler-
score in Buckingham palace is headed mo, Sicily, Jan. 28, 1607, died there, Sept.
Overture Oratorio Judas Maccabseus, ange- 13, 1680. Church composer, whose studies
fangen den July 0, 1746, oder den 8. The in science and art won him the title of Doc-
end of Act I. is dated July 21, 1746, 22 vol- tor in 1632 was made visitor-general, ;
lig, the end of Act H. August, 2, 1746, viillig, 1650. Mougitori (Bibl. Sicul., I. 119) praises
and the conclusion, Aug. 11, 1746. The his compositions, which consist of madri-
work was performed six times in the first gals (Messina, 1628), and motets (Palermo,
year, and thirty-four times during Handel's 1635). A Requiem for the funeral cere-
life, ranking with the Messiah and Samson monies of Philip rV'., 1666, was not pub-
in the estimation of his English audiences. lished. Fctis Gerber Walther. ; ;
The chorus, "Fallen is the foe," and "We JUDICIUM SALOMONIS (The Judg-
worshijJ God and God alone " are master- ment of Solomon), oratorio by Carissimi,
pieces of counterpoint. The chorus, " See one of his masterpieces. The MS. is in the
the conquering hero comes," was trans- National Library of Paris. Edited by Chry-
ferred from Joshua to this oratorio, iu which sander (Schott, Mainz).
it has since been performed and pub- JUDISCHE TRILOGIE for orchestra, in
lished. The air, "Wise men flattering," C minor, by Asger Hamerik, op. 19, com-
and the chorus, " Sion now," were intro- posed in Paris in 1866-67. Published by
duced several years after its first perform- Breitkoj^f & Hiirtel (LeijDsic).
ance. The air, "Come ever smiling lib- JUDITH, oratorio, text by Isaac Bicker-
erty," was originally in the Occasional Ora- staff, music by Dr. Thomas A. Arne, first
torio. Part I. Lamentations for the death performed on Feb. 29, 1764, at the Lock
of Mattathias, Judas recognized as a leader, Hosjjital Chapel, London, for the benefit of
preparations for war Part H. Celebration; that charity. At a performance of Judith
of the victories over the armies of ApoUo- in Covent Garden Theatre, Feb. 26, 1773,
nius, renewal of war Part HI. Feast of ; Dr. Arne first introduced women's voices
the dedication at Jerusalem, return of into oratorio choruses. By the same title
Judas from the victory over Nicanor, cele- are : text by W. Huggius, music by De-
bration of peace and thanksgiving. Char- fesch, London, 1733 sacred cantata in
;
acters represented Judas Maccabajus,

: three scenes, words selected by Chorley,
tenor Simon, his brother, bass Israelitish
; ; music by Henry D. Leslie, composed for
woman, soprano Israelitish man, alto or
; the Birmingham Festival and performed
mezzo-soprano Israelitish messenger, alto
;
;
there in September, 1858 also at St. Mar- ;
Eupolemus, Jewish ambassador to Rome, tin's Hall, London, March 8, 1859.

bass and chorus of Israelites.
; This ora- JUDITH, or the Regeneration of Manas-
torio was sung in Leipsic in 1820 with Star- seh, oratorio, in two acts, by Charles Hu-
343
: ;
JUDITH
bert Hastings Pan-y, composed for and first demned to death. As Rachel is thrown into
performed at the Biruiiugbani (England) a cauldron of boiling oil, and before Eloazar
Festival, Aug. 29, 1888. Libretto from the shares her fate, he announces that Rachel
Bible and the Ajjocrypha. It was revised is the Cardinal's daughter. Among the
by the composer and first given in Loudon, best numbers are : the declaration of the
Dec. 6, 1888, under the direction of Dr. A. Cardinal, " Si la rigueur et la vengeance ;"
C. Mackenzie. Academy (1888), H. 125, the Passover scene and praj-er, "Dieu que
1-42, 39-4 Athenaum (1888),
; II. 298. ma voix tremblante ;
" Rachel's air, " H va
JUDITH. See Lotario. venir ;
" the trio, " Tu posscdes, dit-on, uu
JUGEiMENT DERNIER, LE (The Last joyau magnifique " the duet between Ele- ;
Judgment), cantata, text by Chevalier Roger, azar and the Cardinal, "Ta fillo est devant
music by Antonio Salieri, first given in Paris, le coucile;" and the tenor air, "Rachel!
1787. It was written iu Vienna for the So- quand du Seigneur." La Juive received
ciete d'Apollou of Palis, and was sung at its
concerts and at the Concerts Spirituels with
great applause.
JUHfi JUHfi !See Mefislofelc.
!
JUR'E, LA (The Jewess), opera in five

acts, text by Scribe,music by HaK'vy, first
represented at the AcadOmie Royale de Mu-
sique, Paris, Feb. 23, 1835. It was given
in London, Drury Lane, in French, July 29,
ISiG, and in Italian as La Ebrca, Covent Gar-
den, July 25, 1850. The libretto was writ-
ten for Rossini, who declined it for that of
Guillaume Tell. The mise en scene for the
first production cost 150,000 francs. Origi-
nal cast
Rachel Mile Falcon.

Eudoxie Mme Dorus-Gras.
Eleazar IM. Nourrit.
Falcon, as Rachel.
Leopold M. Lafont.
Le Cardinal M. Levasseur.
431 representations in Paris up to 1877.
The scene is laid in Constance in 1414, the It was first given in New York, April 30,
home of Eleazar and his foster-child, Rachel, 1860, with Mme Fabri as Rachel. Per-
daiighter of the Cardinal Brogni. To reformed in German at the Metropolitan
venge him for the death of his two sons, Opera House, Dec. 7, 1887, with Lili Leh-
Eleazar has educated her as a Jewess. mann in the title-role Eudoxia, Frau Biro
;
Leopold, an Austrian Prince, comes to de Marion Eleazar, Herr Niemann

; The ;
Constance on an expedition against the Cardinal, Herr Fischer and Leopold, Herr ;
Hussites, becomes enamoured of Rachel, Alvary. Published by Schlesinger (Berlin,

and feigns to be a Jewish painter. The 1S35), new ed., German translation by B. von
Emperor amves with his retinue, among Lichtenstein (Berlin, 1853). Lajarte, ii. 150
which Eudoxie, Leopold's wife, who dis- Clement et Larousse, 388
is Athena>um ;
covers the unfaithfulness of her husband. (1843), 820 Upton, Standard Operas, 128. ;
The Cardinal pronounces maledictions on JULIA, Padre BENITO, Spanish monk

the Jews, and Eleazar and Rachel are con- and composer of the 18th century. He was
344
JULIE
a pupil at tbe sclaool of music at the Con- ducted the promenade concerts at the Drury
vent of Montserrat, Catalonia, where hiss Lane Theatre, aud the Lyceum, iu 1840-59.
works are iJreservetl. Tbcy occupy an im- He travelled also with his entire orchestra
portant place in musical history his Re- through Great Britain, and iu 1853-54
;
spouses for Holy Week are considered re- through the United States. In 1846 he

markable productions. Fctis, Supplement, started a shop especially for the sale of his
ii. 34 ; jMendel, Erganz., 175. own music, took charge of the Drury Lane
JULIE, ou le pot de fleurs, French opera- Theatre in 1847, but failed with this specu-
comique in one act and in prose, text by lation, as well as with the subsequent or-
M. A. Jars, music by Spoutini and Fay, ganization of concerts and balls at the Sur-
first represented at the Opora Comique, rey Gardens then conducted oratorios for
;
Paris, March 12, 1805. This was Spoutiui's a short time, and after his farewell con-
first of)era-comique with French words. It certs went to Paris to escape his creditors,
was coldly received. Produced without but was imprisoned there. Soon after his
success in Berlin, Dec. 5, 1808. Julie, liberation he became insane (1860), and at-
French operetta, text by IMonvel, music by tempted suicide he was placed iu an asy-
;
Deztde, Paris, Sept. 25, 1772 by Auber, lum, and his death was announced soon
;
his first opera, represented jirivatelj-, Paris, after. To make music popular he employed
1805. In German, by Georg Braun, Eich- the best solo and orchestral performers, se-
stiitt, 1779 ; by Julius Miller, 1810. lected the most attractive music, aud did
JULIEN, HENRI DE SAINT-,born at much to imjirove orchestras aud the taste of
Mannheim, Feb. 6, 1801, died at Carlsruhe, his audiences. Works Pietro il Grande,
:
Nov. 13, 1844. Amateur composer, occu- musical drama in five acts, represented iu
ined an important governmental iôsition Loudon, Aug. 17, 1852 Quadrilles, waltzes,
; ;
settled in Carlsruhe, where Fosca directed and other dance music. Grove
Fctis ; ;
his studies in comjjosition. He founded a Mendel.

school of vocal music in that city visited; JULIUS C^SAR, overture to Shake-
Paris in 1829, and entertained friendly re- sf)eare's tragedy, for orchestra, in F minor,
lations with Cherubini, Boieldieu, Victor by Schumann, op. 128, comjiosed iu 1851,
Hugo, and other celebrated men. His first performed at a music festival in Diissel-
Lieder for one voice, and songs for four dorf, Aug. 3, 1852, at the Gewaudhaus, Leip-
male voices, were well known in Germany. sic, Jan. 17, 1853. First performed in New
He published also three quartets for strings York by the Philharmonic Society iu the
(Paris, 1830). Fetis. season of 1871-72. Published by Henry
JULIEN (Jullien), LOUIS ANTOINE, Litolff (Brunswick, 1855). Arranged for
born at Sisteron pianoforte for four hands by W. Bargiel.
(Basses-Allies), April JULIUS C^SAR, overture aud music to
23, 1812, died near Shakespeare's tragedy, by Hans von Billow,
Paris, March 14, op. 10, jjublished by Schott (Mainz, 1860).
18G0. Pupil of Le- First performed in New York by the Phil-
carpentier and of harmonic Society in the season 1875-76.
Halevy at the Con- Arranged for the pianoforte for four hands
servatoire, Paris, in by A. Heinz (Schott, Mainz, 1868-73).
1833-36, then con- JUMENTIER, BERNARD, boru at Lives,
ducted concerts, but near Chartres, March 24, 1749, died at
left the city on ac- Saiut-Quentin, Dec. 17, 1829. Church com-
count of insolvency in 1838, and went to poser, pupil of Delalaude, director of mu-
Loudon, where he established and con- sic at the Cathedral of Chartres : became
345
JUNGBAUER
chief instructor at tbe Maitrise of Saint-]Malo ness ; Former Memories ; III. Procession
in 1773, director of music at the church in Conquerors to the Coronation at
of the
Coutauces in 177(), and at the end of the Rheims IV. Joan in Prison, her Triumph,
;
same year was called in the same capacity Death, and Apotheosis (introducing the
to the royal chapter at Saiut-Quentin. Joy theme from Beethoven's 9th symphony).
Works : Chloris et Medor, historical opera, Upton, Standard Symphonies, 301 ; Athen-
1793 ; 5 oratorios ; 3 symphonies for f lUI scum (188.5), i. G72.
orchestra 5 masses for 3 voices, chorus,
; JUNGMANN, ALBERT, born at Lagen-
and orchestra 5 do. for 4 voices, and do. salza, Nov. 14, 1824, stiU living, 1889. Pi-
; ;
short mass for do. Requiem for do. Te anist, for many years employed by the
; ;
Doum for do. do. for 3 voices and do. music publishers G. W. Kurner, Erfurt, and
; ;
Pater uoster for do. Stabat Mater for 4 G. A. Sjaina, Vienna has composed a great
; ;
voices, and do. 8 Magnificats for 2, 3 or 4 number of morceaux de salon for the pi-
;
voices, and do. G4 motets for 1-4 voices, anoforte, which found great favor, and were
;
with orchestra ; 3 De Profuudis for do. ;

published in Vienna, Leipsic, Ofleubach,
116th psalm for 2 voices, chorus, and or- etc. Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. 35. ;
chestra 28th jjsalm for a bass voice, and

; JUNKER HEINZ, German opera, text by
do. 10 O salutaris for 1-4 voices 6 Domine G. Franz, music by Carl von PerfaU, rein-e-
; ;
salvum, for do. various other anthems. sented in Munich, April 9, 188G.
; The li-
Fetis ; Mendel. is founded on the poem " Heinrich bretto
JUNGBAUER, FERDINAND COLES- von Sehwaben," by Wilhelm Hertz. Tlie
TIN, born at Grattersdorf, Bavaria, July G, opera, full of dramatic interest, was splen-
1747, died at Grossmehring, near Ingol- didly mounted and met with an enthusias-
stadt, in 1818. Benedictine monk, received tic reception. Signalo (188G), 545.
his musical education in his convent, for JUNKEIi, KARL LUDWIG, born at
which he composed a great deal of music. Oehringen in 1740, died at Rupertshofen,
On its suppression he became professor May 30, 1797. Pianist, studied music in
at the gymnasium of Amberg, and sub- his j'outh, went as tutor to Switzerland on
sequently a f)riest at Grossmehring. leaving the University, became professor of
Works C German masses for 1 voice, with philosophy at the Gymnasium of Heides-
:
organ Canticles for do. Vespers for do.

;
heim in 1778, court chaplain at Kirchberg
; ;
Stabat Plater (on Wielands German trans- in 1779, pastor at Dettingen in 1789, at
lation), for 4 voices, organ, 2 horns and Landsiedel, near Kirchbei'g, in 1793, and at
bassoon Miserere, for do. (without bas- Rupertshofen in 1795.
; Works Genoveva :
soon) 3 Utanies for do.

; Vespers for 3 im Thurme, melodrama, Sj)eier, 1790 Die
; ;
voices and do. German Te Deuiu for 2 Nacht von Zachariii, musical declamation
;
voices and organ German songs, with pi- for pianoforte, with violin and basa ad libi-
;
anoforte.
Fotis Mendel. ; tum 3 concertos for pianoforte with or- ;
JUNGFRAU M.ARIA See Siraxlella. chestra Other music for pianoforte.

! Fc- ;
JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS, DIE (The tis Mendel Riemann. : ;
Maid of Orleans), music to Schiller's tragedy JUPIN, CHARLES FRANgOIS, born at

of, by Max Bruch, performed at Cologne, Chambcry, Nov. 30, 1805, died in Paris,
April", 18.59. June 12, 1839. VioUnist, pupil of ]Mouti-

JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS, DIE, celli and of Giorgis. Real name Louvet ;
symphonic poem, by JNIoszkowski, first per- his family settled in Turin, when he was
formed at the London Philharmonic con- onlj' two years old, and changed its name
cert. May 20, 1885, conducted by the com- on account of the opprobrium resting on it,
poser. I. Pastoral Life 11. Inner Conscious- it being also that of the assassin of the
;
S46
JUPITEK
Due (le Berry. He appeared successfully- JUST, JOHAN AUGUST, born at Gro-
in public at the age of twelve ; became a uingen in 1750, died (?). Pianist and vio-
pupil iu Paris of Baillot at the Conservatoire,linist, pupil of Iviruberger in Berlin, and of
where he won the 1st prize for violin in Schwindele at the Hague. From 1770 until
1823 became first violin at the Odeon, 1782 he was court musician to the Prince of
;
and in 182G professor of violin and chef d'or- Orange. At the time of the French inva-
chestre iu Strasburg. He was one of the sion he went to Berlin, and thence to Lon-
organizers of the musical festivals of Alsace don where he became a celebrated teacher. ;
returned to Paris iu 1835. Works

sonatas there, which are con-: La He published
vengeance italieune, ou le Fran(;ais a Flo- sidered his best compositions, and a Method
rence, opera-comique, given at Strasburg, for the harpsichord. Two operas by him,
1834 Concerto for violin and orchestra Le marchand de Smj'rne, and Le page, w-ere
;
;
Variations brillantes for orchestra ; Grand given at Amsterdam. Van der Straeten, iv.
trio for pianoforte and strings ; Trio for 387 ; Viotta ; Fetis.
strings ; Variations concertantes for piano- JUSTE CIEL! C'EST MA FEMME.
forte and violin ; Fantaisie for do. ; Theme See Zampa.
variu for violin, etc. Fetis
Mendel. ;
JUPITER IN ARGOS, opera by Handel,

advertised for iierformance at the Hay- AA, FRANCISCUS IGNATIUS, Dutch
market Theatre, May 1739, but no record
It was jiartly
of its re23reseutation is given.
1,
lived at The Hague until 1780, and K' composer of the 18th century. He
a pasticcio,and does not contain more than iu 1781-92 was Kapellmeister of the cathe-
twenty original numbers. The last pages, dral at Cologne. Works 12 symphonies :
dated "fine dell' opera Jupiter iu Argos, for strings, flute, 2 oboes and 2 horns 6 ;
April 2i, 1739," are iu the Fitzwilliam Li- trios for harpsichord, and strings 12 quar- ;
brary, Cambridge. No comi)lete score has tets for strings. Fetis Gregoir, Biog., ;
been found. Chrysander, Handel, ii. 453. 101 ; Viotta.

JLTITER SYiiPHONY, name given to KACZKOWSKY, JOSEPH, born at Ta-
Mozart's 49th and
symphony, in C, bor, Bohemia, second half of the 18th cen-
last
composed with the symphonies in E-flat tury, died (?). Violin virtuoso, travelled
and G minor between June 26 and Aug. 10, through Germany giving concerts. Works :
1778, being written in fifteen days. The 2 concertos, op. 8 and 17 Rondeau a la ;
autograph is owned by Julius Andre, of jiolonaise, op. 9 Variations et polonaises, ;
Frankfort. Mendelssohn was the first to with accompaniment of quartet, op. 1, 2, 5,

show that a favourite passage of seven bars, 6, 7, 18, 22 Variations for violin, with vio- ;
near the close of the Andante, was an alter- lin and bass, op. 3 and 4 Duos, op. 10,
14, ;
ation from the original score. I. Allegro IG G etudes or caprices for violin, op. 13 ;
;
vivace ; II. Andante cantabile ; III. Menu- several collections of polonaises for piano-
etto ; IV. Finale, Allegro molto. The credo forte. Fi'tis.
in Mozart's Mass
based on the well-
in F KADELBACH, KARL GOTTLOB, born
is
known subject iu the Finale of this sym- at Rudolstadt, Silesia, in 17G1, died at Bol-
phony. First performed by the Philhar- kenhain, Nov. l(i, 1829. Organist, cantor
monic Society of New York in the season at Bolkenhain in 1785. He published the
of 1843-44. Breitkopf & Hurtel, Mozart church cantata. Lobe den Hern, and excel-
Werke, Serie viii. No. 41. KOchel, Verzeich- lent organ compositions. Mendel Fctis. ;
niss, 551 Jilhn, Mozart, iv. 135

; Mendels- IvAFFKA (properly Kawka), JOHANN
;
sohn's Letters, ii. 350; Upton, Standard CHRISTOPH, born at Ratisbon in

1759,
Symphonies, 197. died (?). Violinist and dramatic composer.
3i7
;
;
KAFFKA
brother of Wilhelm Kaffka, pupil of Eicpel list Schonebeck, at Copenhagen of Schall,
entered the orchestra of the Prince of Thurn and in composition of Kunzen. He returned
uud Taxis at Ratisbon ajijêared as a singer to his native city in ISO-t, became music
;
and actor iu Berlin in 1778, and later in director to the Count von Dohna, at Mall-
Breslau went to the Hoftheater in Dessau
; miitz ; 1809 went to Breslau for three
in
in 1800, settled at Riga in 1803 as a book- years in hope of restoring his health thence ;
seller, and after that aj^jseared only occasion- in 1812 to Peterswaldau, near Reichenbach,
ally in concerts as violinist. Works Op- as a school teacher and organist, and in
eras :Das Milchmiidchen, Breslau, 1779 ;
1815 became director of music of the Piida-
Lucas und Hannchen, Hamburg, 1782 Die ; gogium and Seminary at Ziillichau, where
Zigeuuer, Breslau, 1780 Der Apfeldieb, ; he founded a singing society and conducted
ib., 1781 Antouius uud Kleopatra, ib.,
; the weekly winter concerts. Works Can- :
1781 Das wiithende Heer, ib., 1782 So

; ; tata for the anniversary of the Reformation
jn-ellt man Fiichse, ib., 1782 Das Fest ; (1829) Other cantatas, motets, choruses,
;
der Brenneu Bitten und Erhorung, ib.,

; etc., for the church 15 four-part songs with
;
1783 Die Feier der Gnade des Konigs

; organ or pianoforte, for do. Symphony for ;
Der bliude Ehemann Der Talisman Rosa- ; ; orchestra Overture for do.
; Concerto for ;
niunde, melodrama Several ballets Ora-

; ; vioUn and orchestra ; Do. for bassoon Sev- ;
torios Der Tod Ludwig's XVI. Jesus lei-

: ; eral concertos for pianoforte Sonatas, and ;
dend uud sterbend Masses Requiem ; ; ; variations for do. Duos for viola and vio-
;
Vespers, etc. Dlabacz

Fctis; Mendel; ; loncello Preludes for the organ. Fetis
; ;
Schilling. Mendel ; Schilling.

KAFFKA, WILHELM, born in the latter IvAISERM.\RSCH (Emperor's IMarch),
part of the 18th century. Violinist, sou for grand orchestra and chorus, by Richard
and pupil of Joseph Kafflca (1730-1790), Wagner, first performed in Berlin, ]\Iay 5,
and like him member of the orchestra of the 1871, Wagner conducting. Luther's hymn
Prince of Thurn uud Taxis, 1788 became Ein' feste Burg is introduced. Published
;
Conzertmeister in ISOG. He was consid- by Peters (Leipsic and Berlin, 1871). Ar-
ered one of the best concei't and orchestra ranged for pianoforte by Carl Tausig for ;
players of his time. He composed masses pianoforte for 4 hands by Ulrich for 8 ;
and other church music, never published, hands by Aug. Horn. Wochenblatt (1871),
but pojjular throughout Bavaria. Mendel
2G0 Glasenapp, Richard Wagner's Leben ; ;
Gerber Schilling. ; und Werken, ii. 298.

K.\FKA, JOH.ANN NEPOMUK, born at K.ALANUS, cantata for soli, chorus, and
Neustadt, Bohemia, May 17, ISli), died in orchestra, text b}' Carl Andersen, music b}'
Vienna, Oct. 23, 188G. Pianist, law stu- Niels W. Gade, op. 48, first performed at
dent in Vienna in 1810 took up the jiro- the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, in 1870. Pub-
;
fession of music, and became known by lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
small but brilliant compositions for the 18G9). Mus. Wochenblatt (1870), 793.
drawing-room, of which he published up- K.VLCHER, JO H NEPOMUK, ANN
wards of 200 pieces in Vienna, Leipsic, etc. born at Freising, Bavaria, in 17GG, died iu
Fctis, Supplement, ii. 36 Mendel. Munich in 182G. ;Organist and pianist,
KAHLER, MORITZ FRIEDRICH AU- pupil of the court organist Berger then ;
GUST, born at Sommerfeld, Silesia, July in Miiuich (1790) of Griitz, through whose
20, 1781, died at Ziillichau in 1834 Church influence he became court organist iu 1798.
composer, pupil at Sorau of Erselius on the One of his scholars was the tliirteen-year
organ, and from 1798 of Thiele on the vio- old Carl INIaria von Weber, who dedicated
lin, then (1802) at Liibben of the violoncel- his second work to him iu 1800. He pub-
348

KALKBREN^ÊK
lished concertos find sonatas jjlayer, became acquainted
for harpsi- concert
with
cliord ; symphonies, Clemeuti and Hummel, and received les-
masses, songs, etc.
Mendel Fetis Schilling.

; ; sons in counterpoint
KALKBEENNEK, CHKISTIAN, born at from Albrechtsber-
Miludeu, Hanover, Sept. 22, 1755, died in ger, through the in-
Paris, Aug. 10, 180G. Pianist and dramatic fluence of Haydn.
composer, pupil at Cassel, where his father In 1805 he played
had become city musician, of the court or- at the court of Mu-
ganist Becker on the pianoforte, and of nich and iu Stutt-
Karl Rodewald on the violin was a chorus ;
gart, and returning
singer in the opera, and at that time pub- to Paris, on account
lished his first compositions. Having sub- of his father's death
mitted a mass for four voices to the Acca- in 180G, he appeared
demia filarmonica of Bologna, he was elected in jjublic with much
an honorary member iu 178i. He worked success,and was greatly in demand as a teach-
with renewed ardor for public recognition, er likewise in London, where he lived in
;
and in 1788 was called to Berlin as Kapell- 1811-23 as the foremost virtuoso of his time.
meister to the queen. In 1790-9G he held In 1818 he as.sociated with Logier to promote
a like iiositiou under Prince Heinrieh of the latter's invention of the chiroplast ; in
Prussia, at Piheinsberg, then lived in Naples 1823 made a concei-t tour through Ger-
until 1797, when he went to Paris, and be- many with the harj) virtuoso Dizi, and in
came chef de chant at the Opera in 1799. 1824 settled again in Paris, where he be-
Neither his compositions nor his writings came a partner of the i:)ianoforte manufac-
are now of any esjjecial value. Works turer Pleyel. He visited Germany once
Operas La veuve dii l\Ialabar, Democrite,
: more in 1833, and Belgium
iu 183C. Pos-
La femme et lo secret, Lanassa, etc., given sessed of great vanity, very proud of his
at Elieinsberg, 1790-9GOlympic, Paris, imjirovising, he even proposed in 1831 to the
;
Opera, 1798 ; La descente des Franjais en more gifted Chopin, that the latter should
Angleterre, ib., 1798 Pygmalion, scene with be his pupil for three years, in order to be-
;
orchestra, ib., Societe philotechnique, 1799 ;

come a good artist. Works : 4 concertos
Scene from Ossian, ib., 1800 ; Le mort par for pianoforte, op. Gl, 85, 107, 125 (for 2
speculation, oj)era-comique. Theatre Mo- pianos) ; Rondos brillants, for pianoforte
liere, 1800 ; ffiuoue. Opera, 1812 ; 3 sona- and orchestra, op. 60, 70, 101 ; Fantaisies
tas for pianoforteand strings, op. 1 6 do. et variations, for do., op. 72, 83, 90, 113
; ;
for pianoforte and violin, op. 2 and 3 Ro- Septet for pianoforte, 2 violins, 2 horns,
;

mances d'Estelle, with pianoforte. Fetis viola, and bass, op. 15 Quintet for piano- ; ;
Gerber Mendel Schilling.

; ; forte, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and double-
KALKBRENNER, FRIEDRICH (WIL- bass, op. 81 Sextet for pianoforte and ;
HELM MICHAEL), born on the journey strings, op. 58 Quintet for do., op. 30 ; ;
from Cassel to Berlin in 1788, died at Quartet for do., op. 2 ; Trios for do., op. 7,
Enghein-les-Bains, near Paris, June 10,
1849. Pianist, son of antl first instructed bj-
Christian Kalkbrenner,
Conservatoire, Paris,
then pupil at the
of Louis Adam on
^^. ôJW^^ lui/^
the pianoforte, and of Catel in harmony ;
won the first prize for pianoforte and for

composition in 1801. In 1803 he visited 14, 26, 39, 84 ; Duos for do., op. 11, 22,
Vienna and Berlin, where he ajipeared as a 27, 39, 47, 49, 63, 86 ; Sonatas, fantaisies,
KALLENBACII
roiuleaux, t'tudes, etc., for pianoforte ; Mu- 90 ; 9 Divertissements, op. 28, 43, 47, 52,
thode pour apprendre le pianoforte a I'aide 58, 59, 66, 75, 134 14 Variations, op. 13, ;
du guide-mains, op. 108 Traitu d'liarmonie 14, 18, 21, 22, 25, 53, 57, 73, 77, 83, 89, 94,
;

du pianiste. Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 29 129 12 Rondeaux, op. 10, 11, IG, 19, 23, ; ;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg. Fetis Ledebur, Tou- 24, 37, 40, 42, 49, 80, 84 Marches, intro-
; ; ;
kiinstler-Lexikou Berlins ; Mendel ; Schil- ductions with rondos and variations, dances,
ling. songs, duets, and choruses, etc. AUgem.
KALLENBACH, GEORG ERNEST Badische Biogr., i. 441 d. Biogr., XV. 39 ; ;
GOTTLIEB, organist of the early part of Gassner, Univ. Lex., 472 Heindl, Gallerie ;
the 19th century. He lived chiefly in beriihmter Pildagogeu, etc., i. 333 Wurz- ;
Magdeburg, where he was organist of the bach.

Church of the Holy Spirit became jiopular KALLIWODA, WILHELM, born at
;
by his songs, most of which were published Donaueschingen, July 19, 1827, still living,
in a collection with the title Oden und 1889. Pianist, son and pupil of Johann :
Lieder zum Singen beym Clavier fiir un- Wenzel Kalliwoda, subsequently pupil of
geiibte und geiibtere Siiuger und Spieler Mendelssohn at Leipsic, in 1847, and of
(Magdeburg, 179G). He wrote also an opera, Hauptmann in 1848. Director of music,
Das Schattenspiel an der Wand, and the inin 1849, in the Catholic church at Carlsruhe,
termezzo Ehestandsscenen. Fctis
Ger- where he succeeded his father as Hof-Ka- ;
ber Mendel Schilling.

; ; peUmeister in 1853, and also conducted the
KALLIWODA, J OH ANN WENZEL, philharmonic society. He retired in 1875.
born in Prague, He published
an overture, a symphony,
Feb. 21, 1801, died piano-forte music, and songs. Fetis Men- ;
at Carlsruhe, Dec. del Riemann. ;
3, 18GG. Violin KxV:\IENOI-OSTROW (Kamenoi Island,

virtuoso, pupil mouth of the Neva, with an imiserial
of at the
Pixis at the Conser- summer palace), 24 portraits for pianoforte,
vatorium, Prague, by Anton Rubinstein, op. 10. Published by
in 1810-16
played Schott (Mainz, between 1852 and 18G0).
;
in the orchestra KAMIENSKI, MATHLVS, born at (iden-

of the Prague the- burg, Hungary, Oct. 13, 1734, died in War-
181 G-22 saw, Jan. 25, 1821. The lirst composer of
atre in ;
visited Munich about 1823was Kapell- Polish opera, and an excellent violinist.
;
meister to Prince Fiirstenberg at Donau- When quite young he occupied a jjosition

eschingen in 1823-53 then lived retired in the chapel of Count Henkel, then went
;
at Carlsruhe. Works Blanda (or Bianca ?), to Vienna to study eomixisition and the pi-
:
opera, given in Prague, 1847 Prinzessin anoforte, and settled in Warsaw as a teacher.
;
Clu-istine, opera Mass, op. 137 6 Sym- His first opera, Nedza Uszczesliwiona (Com-
; ;
phonies for orchestra, op. 7, 17, 32, GO, ioG, fort in misfortune), given in 1778, was sung
132 14 Overtures for do., op. 38, 44, 55, by Polish singers, and excited much enthu-
;
5G, 7G, 85, 101, 108 , 126, 140, 143, 145, siasm. Works : Zo&ka, ezyli wiejskie zaloty
206, 226 ; 13 Fantaisies, op. 1, 33, 41, 64, (Sojihia, or wooing in the country), 1779 ;
74, 125, 157, 158, 173-175, 193, 212; 2 Prostota szczesliwa (Happy simplicity) ;
Concertos for 9 and 20 (2 vio- Balik gospodarski (The Country ball), 1785
violin, op. ;
lins) 7 Concertinos, op. 15, 30, 72, 100, Slowik (The Nightingale), 1786
; Tradycya ;
110, 133, 151 11 Duos, op. 50, 70, 111, zalatwioua (The adjusted tradition), 1788
;
;
IIG, 152, 178, 179-181, 213, 234 ; 3 Trios, Sultan Wampun, German ojiera ; Anton und
op. 121, 130, 200; 3 Quartets, op. 61, G2, Antoinette, do. ; Cantata for the inaugura-
350
; ;;
KAMMEL
tion of Kiug Sobieski's statue, 1792 Masses, Berlin under the composers direction, June
;
offertories, and j)ol<îi'îses. Biblioteca

18 and 23, 181G. The MS. is in the posses-
Warszawska (1854), i. 23 ; Sowinski, 289 sion of Max M. von Weber. A new text was
;
Wurzbacb. written by Prof. F. Sieber and the music ar-

KAJMMEL, ANTON, bom at Hanna, Bo- ranged by Wieprecht, for the Prussian Mili-
hemia, about the middle of the 18th cen- tiir-Musikchure in 1870. Published by
tmy, died in London, about 1788. Violin- Schlesinger (Berlin, 1870). Jiihn, Weber
ist, sent by Count Waldstein to study under Verzeichniss, 202 Upton, Standard Can- ;
Turtini in Padua. On
Prague tatas, 34G bis return to
Eeissmann, Weber, 83, 108 ;
Lis i)laying was greatly admired, and be Weber, Weber, i. 481 iii. 94 Allgem. ; ;
travelled tbrougb Germany and to London, mus. Zeitung (18), 154, 405 (23), 424. ;
where, though not successful at first, he be- KANKA, JOHANN VON, born in Prague,
came court-musician. Works G Overtures Nov. 10, 1772, died there, April 15, 18G5. :
for orchestra, op. 10 He became dean of the University in 1815,

; G Quartets for strings,
op. i ; 3 do., and 3 for flute or and rector in 1829 was much attached to
do., op. 8 ; ;
oboe and violoncello, oj). 17 3 do. for flute, Beethoven, and was of great assistance to
;
2 violins, and bass, op. 14 18 Trios for him in his dispute with the Kiusky family.
;
strings, op. 11, 23, 25 G Divertissements He wrote on Austrian and Bohemian law.
;
in quartets, op. 21 ; 6 Sonatas for piano- Works : A cantata ; Concerto for piano-
forte and strings, op. 16 ; 6 do. for 2 violins, forte (Leipsic, 1804) ; Music to Collen's
op. 2 ; Do., op. 7 ; G Duos for do., op. 5 ; Do., War Songs (Prague, 1809) Themes with ;
015. 12 Do., op. 19

; 18 do., op. 20, 22, 2G
; variations ;
for the pianoforte. Dlabacz ;
4 do., and 2 for violin and violoncello, op. Gerber Grove. ;
15 G solos for violin, op. 9

; 6 Sonatas for KANNE, FRIEDEICH ; AUGUST, born
do. and bass, op. 13. Dlabacz ; Fetis at Delitzsch, Saxony, March 8, 1778, died
Wurzbacb. in Vienna, Dec. IG, 1833. Dramatic com-
KAMaiEELANDER, KARL, born at poser and jioet studied law in Leipsic ;
Weisseuhorn, Suabia, April 27, 1828, still

and Wittenberg, and later music and lit-
living, 1889. Organist, studied music in
erature. For a year he was secretary to
his native town, and at the Stephan College,
the Prince of Anhalt Dessau then studied ;
Augsburg, in 1840, and was organist of St.

composition in Dresden under the cantor
Stephan's for six years. Subsequently he Weinlig, and lived at Leipsic in 1801-1806,
was a pupil of Carl Kempter, and became when he ajjpears in Vienna as the j^rotege
organist of the Studienkirche, then in 1853 of Prince Lobkowitz, who offered him a
choir-master of the church of St. Max, and home in his palace. In 1809 he became
in 18G7 of St. Moritz. Works Psalm Xin., Kapellmeister of the Theatre at Presburg,
:
with orchestra ; 33 songs and ballads

21 but he was of such an erratic disposition ;
songs for male chorus, and others for mixed that he left this, as well as several other
chorus Church and organ music. Mendel. good positions, and returned to Vienna,
;
KAMPP UND SIEG (Combat and Vic- where he wrote concert and theatre criti-
tory), cantata, text by Wohlbriick, music by cisms and taught music, doing nothing
Carl Maria von Weber, for soli, chorus, and long or successfully. Works Operas:
orchestra, written in commemoration of the Orpheus, given in Vienna, Kiirnthnerthor
battle of Waterloo, June 18, 1815, first per- Theater, 1807 Miranda, oder das Schwert
;
formed in Prague, Dec. 22, 1815. The work der Rache, ib.. Theater an der Wieu, 1811 ;
made a great impression bj' its stirring mili- Das Schloss Tabor oder der Kamjjf der
tary color, and Weber received a gold medal FlussgOttei", Zaubersiîel, ib., 1818 Die ;
from the King of Prussia. Performed in eiserne Jungfrau, melodrama, ib., 1822
351
; ;
KANNEGIESSER
Malvina, Zauberspiel, ib., 1823 Lindane, KAPSBEEGER, JOHANNES HIERO-
;
Oder die Fee und der Haarbeutelscbneider, NYMUS, born in Germany of noble par-
do., Theater in der Leopoldstadt, 1824 entage, died in Rome about 1650. Virtu-
Die Zauberschminke oder das Land der oso on the theorbo, lute, guitar, and trumpet
Eriindungen, Zauberposse, ib., 182.5 Phi- lived in Venice about 1604, then went to;
lipp und Suscben, oder der falscbe Juisiter, Rome, where be won the favor of Athana-
mytbologiscbes Zauberspiel, ib., 1832 ;
Der sius Kircher and acquired considerable in-
Cyclop Die Elfenkonigiu
; ; Sappbo ; Der fluence. He was very vain, and sought to
Untergang des Feenreicbs Die Maiuacbt, ;
gain the good will of Urban VIH., by set-
oder der Blocksberg, given in Berlin about ting this pope's Latin poetry to music and
1834 Ciicilia, cantata Mass Symphony
; ; ; ;
by servile flattery but when he wanted bis
;
Trios for jjianoforte and strings ; Sonatas, music substituted for Palestrina's, the sing-
rondos, etc., for pianoforte ; 12 duets for ers of the Papal Chapel rebelled and so
Soprano and Tenor Many songs and bal-
; spoiled it in the singing that he was de-
lads. Fetis N. Necrol. der D. (1833), 804
; ;
feated. He was not a bad musician, how-
Yogi's Volkskalender (Vienna, 1862), 163 ;
ever, although much a charlatan, and his
Wurzbacb. lute tablatiu'e was simpler and clearer than
KANNEGIESSER, JUSTUS JACOB, that used by bis contemporaries. Works :
born at Hanover in 1732, died in Berlin, Intavolatura di chitarroue (1604, 1616,

Feb. 15, 1805. Violinist, court musician to 1626) Madrigali a 5 voci (1609) Villanelle ; ;
the Prince of Wiirtemberg in Berlin, 1755, a 1, 2 e 3 voci (1610-32) Intavolatura di ;
and royal chamber musician there in 1786 lauto (1611, 1623) Arie passeggiate (1612, ; ;
pensioned in 1798. His conipo.sitions, 1623, 1630) Motetti passeggiati (1612) ; ;
though popular in his lifetime, remain in Balli, gagliarde e correnti (1615) Sinfonie ;
MS. Duets for 2 sojirani, and songs were a 4 con il basso coutinuo (1615) Cajiricci a ;
published in Berlin. Mendel

Gerber due sti'omenti, tiorba e tiorbino (1617) Two
; ; ;
Schilling. books of Poemata et Carmiua, written by

KANZLER, JOSEPHINE, born at Markt- Cardinal Barberini, later Urban VIH. (1624,
TOlz, near Munich, in 1780, died (?). Pian- 1633) Fetonte, a musical drama, and Pas- ;
ist, pupil of Marcus Falter and Lauska in tori di Betlemme, a recitative dialogue
Munich, of Griitz, Dauzi, and Abt Vogler. (1630) MissieUrbanse, andLitanifcDeiparje ;
She married the oboist Fladt. Works 2 Virginia (1631) Apoteosi di S. Ignazio, e di : ;
quartets for pianoforte and strings (Paris, S. Francesco Xavcrio Several nujitial can- ;
Vienna) German songs

; Sonatas and tatas, and other compositions in manu-
;
themes varies for pianoforte remain in man- script. Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 107 Ambros, ;
uscript.
Fetis Mendel. ; Gesch., iv. 125 Fetis Gerber Riemann ; ; ; ;
KAPP, F. KAEL, born at Sehwansee, Schilling Walther. ;
Thuringia, in 1772, died (?). Pianist, and KARGEL, SIXTUS, lutist and composer,
organist, composer, son of a school-master living in Mainz in the second half of the 16th ;
pupil at Erfurt of the music director Wei- centuiy. He published Carmina italica, gal-
mar, and of Hiissler. He became organist lica, germaniea, ludenda cythara, and other
of the principal Lutheran church at Miu- works for the lute (1569-1574). His Reno-
den, Westphalia, in 1795. Works Quar- vata cythara, etc. (ISIainz, 1569 Augsburg,
: ;
tet for pianoforte and strings, op. 6 12 1575), is said to be one of the oldest works ;
preludes for the organ, op. 8 6 pieces of the guitar school. Allgem. d. Biog., xv.
;
finales, for do., op. 9 Sonatas for piano- 121 Fetis Van der Straeten, i. 95 ii. 100.
; ; ; ;
forte, op. 1-3 Themes varies for do., op.

; KARGER, FRIEDRICH WILHELM
4, 7.Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilliag. ALOYS, bora at Scbreckendorf, Silesia, in
;
KAENEVAL
179G, died (?) Organist, pupil of bis father forte, and became a salesman in iCrard's pi-
;
accompanied a litany on the organ when anoforte factory. He was the father of Al-
eight years old, and j^layed on the violin in phonse Karr, the novelist. Works Sonatas :
public at ten. He finished his musical edu- for pianoforte and violin, op. 8 and 13
cation at Breslau, was a singer in the ca- Nocturnes for do. (or flute), op. 33, 42, 47,
thedral, and studied the works of Mozart, 49, 51, 53, 55, 63, 69, 96, 185 Divertisse- ;
Albrechtsberger, and Knecbt. In 1817 he ments for do., 015. 92, 113, 117 Sonatas for ;
went to Vienna, Prague, and Dresden, and pianoforte Duos, fantaisies, nocturnes, for ;
in 1818 became organist of the Catholic do. (4 hands), etc. Fetis.

church at Neisse. His compositions, con- KASSKA, A\TLHELM, born at Ratisbon
sisting of masses, motets, and other church iu 1752, died there in 1806. Violinist, pu-
music, overtures, and a violin concerto pil of Joseph Touchemoulin early in life ;
with orchestra, were never published.

Fe- he entered the orchestra of the Prince of
tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Thurn und
and became Conzertmeis-
Taxis,
KARNEVAL IN EOM, DEE, German ter. He
manuscript several violin
left in
operetta in three acts, text by Josejsh concertos, symphonies, and masses. Men-
Braun, music by Johanu Strauss, repre- del ; Fetis.
sented at the Theater an der Wieu, Vienna, KASSMAYER, MORITZ, born in Vienna
March 1873.
1, The libretto is founded on in 1831, died there, Nov. 10, 1885. Violin-
Sardou's " Piccolino." It was sung by ist, pupil at the Conservatorium of Sechter
Svoboda, Szika, Friese, and Mmes Geis- and Preyer ; became leader of several so-
tinger and Charles. Published by Spina. cieties, was violinist at the Imiaerial 02)era,
Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 338. and later director of ballet music. Works :
KAROW, KARL, Nov. Das Landhaus zu Meudon, comic ojsera,

born at Stettin,
15, 1790, died at Bunzlau, Silesia, Dec. 20, given iu Vienna, 1869 Music for court ;
18G3. Pianist, son of a merchant he re- ceremonies Symphonies Masses, with or-
; ; ;
ceived a liberal education and studied the chestra 6 quartets for strings Volks- ; ;
violin under Lieljert, and the pianoforte, weisen und Lieder fiir das Streichquartett
organ, and harmony under Haak. After humoristisch und contrajjunktisch bear-
serving in the campaign of 1813-181-1, in beitet, op. 14-16, 27, 29; Musikalische
which he was seriously wounded, he re- Mesalliancen fiir Streichquartett mit Piano-
sumed his study in Berlin, under Ludwig forte zu vier Hilnden, op. 22 Songs, and ;
Berger and Zeltci-, and in 1818 was appoint- choruses for male voices. Mendel Fetis, ;
ed instructor in the teachers' seminary at Supplement, ii. 36.

Bunzlau. Works 26 Chorals and 10 cho-
: KASTNER, JOHANN GEORG, born in
ruses for male voices 30 part-songs 12 do.
; ; Strasburg, March 9, 1810, died in Paris,
for use in schools ; 25 canons for 3 voices
Dec. 19, 1867. Dramatic composer, and
;
172 preludes for the organ 400 choral mel- didactic writer, pupil of Maurer and Riimer
;
odies, arranged in 4 parts for the organ. at Strasburg, and of Berton and Reicha in
He published also Leitfaden zum praktisch- Paris, whither he went in 1835. He held a
nietodischcn Unterricht im Gesange, etc. position as organist when ten years old.
(Bunzlau, 1838). FOtis Meutlel Schil- Sent to a Lutheran theological seminary,
; ;
ling; do.. Supplement, 231. he devoted his spare time to music, mas-
KARR, HEINRICH, born at Zweibriick- tering several instruments, conqjosiug for
en, Bavaria, in 1784, died in Paris, Jan. 10, the hai-psichord, and studying harmony.
1842. Pianist, son and pujiil of a German Though he left much music, he is impor-
viohnist who settled in Paris, was subse- tant chiefly on account of his educational
quently pupil of L'Eteudart on the piano- works. Besides many other distinctions.
KATZER
he was made honorary doctor by the Uni- KATZER, IGNAZ, born at Gross-Auer-
versity of Tiibingen, member of the Insti- schin, Bohemia, Sept. 30, 1785, died after
tut of France, and of several foreign acade- 1850. Church composer, pupil of Iguaz
mies, officer of the Legion of Honoui', etc. Priesel, who was organist in his native
Works Operas : Gustav Wasa, given at place, then of KOhler at Kronstadt. He
Strasburg, 1832 ; Der Tod Oscai-'s, ib., entered the service of Baron Bossangi at
1833 Der Sarazene, comic opera, ib.,
;
Gross-Boschan, Hungary, where he led an
1834 Die Konigiu der Sarmaten, ib.,
; orchestra for many years. After the baron's
1835 Beatrice, given in Germany, 1839
; ;
death in 1832, he travelled, giving concerts,
La maschera, Pai-is, Opera Comique, 1841 ;
and went as far as Rome. Among his com-
Le dernier roi de Juda, biblical opera, Salle positions, most of which remain in manu-
du Consen-atoire, 1844 Les nonnes de ;
script, are over 20 masses with orchestra
Eobert le Diable (1845), not given Music ; and organ, litanies, 7 symphonies, quartets,
to the drama Die Belagerung von Misso- pieces for wind instruments, and many
longhi, Strasburg, 1829. Vocal music with songs. Fetis Gassner, 475 Wurzbach.
; ;
orchestra 4 hymns with chorus 2 grand

: ; KAUER, FERDINAND, born at Ivlein-
cantatas Sardanapale, dramatic scene
; ;
Thaya, Moravia, Jan. 8, 1751, died in Vien-
Sti'phen, ou la harpe d'Eole, lyric mono- na, April 13, 1831. Organist, dramatic
logue with choruses Les oris de Paris, ; and chm'ch comjioser ; filled the position of
humorous symphony, with soli and chorus ;
organist in the Jesuit college at Znaim, while
K6ve d'Oswald, ou les Sircnes, do. with yet a boy, then, having been a tutor at Rum-
orchestra La veuve du marin, dramatic
; burg and begun to study medicine at Tyr-
scene Le ncgre, do.
; Le proscrit, do. nau, went to Vienna, where he studied ; ;
Pensces d'amour, do. Le barde, do. Ju- counteqioint under Heidenreich, and taught
; ;
das Iscariote, do. Grand cantata for 2 the pianoforte. In 1795 he became direc-
;
tenors and 2 basses Bibliothcque chorale tor and first violinist at Marinelli's theati-e.
; ;
Suite de cantiques Many

romances, melo- Afterwards connected with other theatres as
;
dies, and nocturnes Choruses for male Kapellmeister or composer, he finally eked
;
voices, and songs. Instrumental music out a living as violoncellist in the orchestra :
3 sj'mphonies for full orchestra ; 5 over- of the Leopoldstiidter Theater. He com-

tures, do. 10 serenades for wind instru- posed about 200 operas, operettas, vaude-
;
ments 30 marches and pas rcdoubh's for villes, etc., of which his ojjeras, Die Ster-
;
do. ; Grand sextet for saxophones many nenkOnigin, and Das Donauweibclien, were ;
pieces for vai'ious instruments. Didactic best known. Other works Die Siindfluth, :
works: Traite gi'nc'ral d'instrumentation oder Noah's Versuhnungsopfer, oratorio,

(Paris, 1837) Cours d'instrumentation con- Vienna, 1809 20 masses, several Requiems,
; ;
sideree sous les rapports poetiques, etc. and other church music ; Symi^honies, ;
Grammaire musicale Theorie abregee du quartets, trios, concertos, and other instru-
;
coutrepoiiit, etc. Methode elementaire mental music Cantatas, songs, etc. Mo.st
; ;
d'harmonie, etc. 12 mt'thodes t'k'men- of this music was lost during tlie great
;
taires, various
instruments, and the flood in Vienna in 1830.
for He wrote also
voice ; De
composition vocale et instru- methods for the violin, flute, and clarinet.
la
mentale Manuel general de musique mili-
; Allgem. d. Biog., xv. 461 Fetis Gerber ; ; ;
taire, etc. Paremiologie musicale de la Wurzbach.

;
langue fran9aise, etc. Ludwig, J. G. Kast- KAUFFMANN, GEORG FRIEDRICH,

ner (Leipsic, 1886) Fetis do., ; ; Supple- born at Ostermondra, Thuringia, Feb. 14,
ment, ii. 37 Riemann Schilling ; ; ; Allgem. 1679, died at Merseburg in March, 1735.
mus. Zeitg., xL-L Organist, pupil of Buttstedt at Erfurt, then
364
;
KAZYIS^SKI
at Mersebnrg of Alborti, whom he succeeding, 1889. Organist, pupil of Sir George
ed as organist at the cathedral and at the J. Elvey in 1870 he was appointed oi-gan- ;
court afterwards became KapeUmeister. Of ist of Peterborough Cathedral, a position

;
his comiiositions was isublished only Har- which he still holds. Mus. Bac, Oxford,
:
monische Seelen Lust niusicalischer Gun- 1869 Mus. Doc, ib., 1877. Works An-
; :
ner und Freunde, a collection of 75 chorals thems Benedicite in E-flat

; Magnificat ;
(LeiiJsic, 1833-3G). His many works for and Nunc dimittis in B-flat Offertory Sen- ;
the church, the organ, and pianoforte re- tences Morning and Evening Service in
;
main in manuscript also a theoretical

; B-flat ; Symphony for orchestra (MS.).
work, AusfUhrliche Eiuleitung IvEHL, JOHxiNN BALTHASAR, born at
zur alteu
und neuen Wissenschaft der edlen Musik. Coburg first half of the 18th century, died
Allgein. d. Biogr., xv. 473 Fetis Ger- soon after 1780.
; ; Organist at Erlangen, and
ber Winterfeld, Kirchengesang, iii. 488.
; cantor at Bayreuth became blind in 1780. ;
KAZYNSKI, VICTOR, born at Wilna, Works Die Hirten bei der Krippe zn :
Lithuania, Dec. 18, 1812, still living, 1889. Betlehem, oratorio Die Pilgrime auf Gol- ;
Dramatic composer, pupil of Eisner at War- gatha, do. Cantatas Sonatas for piano- ; ;
saw in 1837-39. On his return to "Wilna in forte 4 collections of chorals, etc. Men-
;
1840 he wrote the music for his drama Fe- del Gerber Fetis. ; ;
neUa, and an oj)era, The Wandering Jew REISER, EEINHAEDT, born at a vil-
(1842), which was very successful. He lage between Weissenfels and Leipsic in
lived in St. Petersburg after this, travelled 1C73, died iu Hamburg, Sept. 12, 1739.
in Germany and Austria, and on his return Puiîl of his father, a musician of ability
;
to Eussia published a musical diary then studied at the Thomas.schule and the
(St.
Petersburg, 184.5). He became chef d'or- University of Leipsic. WTien nineteen
chestre of the Imjêrial theatre and brouglit years old (1G92) he was conmiissioned by
out an opera, Man and Wife,
in 1848. the court of Braunschweig- Wolfenbiittel to
Published works Overtures
: Cantatas set to music a pastoral, Ismene.
; ; His suc-
Fantasias on Eussian themes and tarantel- cess procured him the libretto of a serious
las ;Concertos for pianoforte and for violin. opera, Basilius, which was equally well re-
His Album of Song (1855) was very pop- ceived. The flourishing condition of the
ular iu Russia and contains some of his Hamburg opera, the leading lyric theatre
best vocal compositions.
Mendel; Rie- in Germany at that period, attracted him
mann Fetis Souinski.
; ; to that city in 1G94. His first opera per-
KEEBLE, JOHN, born at Chichester in formed there, Irene (1G97), was followed
1711, died in London, Dec. 24, 1786. Or- by at least 115 others during his forty
ganist, chorister in Chichester cathedral un- years' residence there. In 1700-02 he gave
der Thomas Kelway, then pupil of Dr. Pe- a series of winter concerts, at which famous
pusch. He became organist of St. George's, singers and p)layers appeared. He then
Hanover Square, in 1737, and also at Eane- undertook the management of the ojiera iu
lagli Gardens. Works: 5 books of organ connection with Driisicke, who soon ab-
music 40 interludes to be played between sconded
; Reiser, however, was successful ;
the verses of the Psalms (with Kirkman) iu his venture, and in 1709 he married the
Songs, etc. He published also The Theory daughter of a Hamburg iâtrician. In 1716
of Harmonics, or an Illustration of the the winter concerts were resumed iu 1722 ;
Grecian Harmonica (1784). Grove Fetis he went to Copenhagen, where he was made
; ;
Burney, Hist., iii. 331. Rapelmester to the Ring of Denmark, and

KEETON, HAYDN, born atMosborough, in 1728 he was appointed Cantor and Canon
Derbyshire, England, Oct. 2G, 1847, still liv- at the cathedral at Hamburg, for which
;
KEISER
cliurcli he wrote mucli sacred music. His second parts, ib., 1702 Die verdammte
;
last opera, was written in 1734.

Circe, Staatssucht, oder der verfiihrte Claudius,
During the last few years of Lis life, be ib., 1703 Die Geburt der Minerva, ib.,
;
lived witli bis daughter, quite a noted 1703 Die iiber die Liebe triumphirende
;
singer, in the enjoyment of absolute leisure. Weisheit, oder Salomon, ib., 1703; Nebu-
Keiser may be called, in a certain sense, cadnezar, ib., 1704 Die rOmische Unruhe,
;
the father of German ojiera. Before bis oder die edelmiithige Octavia, ib., 170.5 ;
day German opera was but a slavish copy Die kleinraiUhige Selbstmi'irderin Lucretia,
of current French and Italian models. Kei- oder die Staatsthorheit des Brutus, ib.,
ser shone especially by his melodic inven- 1705 La fedelta coronata, ib., 1706 Ma-
; ;
tion, by the vigor and truth of his dramatic saguiello furioso, ib., 1700 La costanza ;
expression, and the originality of his treat- sforzata, odor die listige Rache des Sueno,
ment of the orchestra. His style was more ib., 1706 ; II Geuio d' Holsatia, ib., 1700 ;
distinctly German than that of any dra- Almira, ib., 1706 Der angenehme Betrug,
;
matic comjMser of that or of the succeed- oder der Carnev.al in Venedig, ib., 1707 ;
ing generation. He was one of the most La forza dell' Amore, ib., 1709 Die blut- ;
prolific of writers, and no exact estimate diirstige liache, oder Heliates und Olympia,
can be formed of the number of his works, ib., 1709; Desiderius Konig der Longobar-
almost all of those he wrote at Copenhagen den, ib., 1709 Die bis in und nach dem
;
having been lost when the palace was burnt Tod inierhiirte Treue des Orpheus (con-
in 1794. The following list includes all his densed from Oi-pheus), ib., 1709 La gran- ;
works that are now known : dezza d' animo, oder Arsinoe, ib., 1710 ;
I. Operas Iftnwne, "Wolfeubiittel, 1092

:
; Der durch den Fall dos grossen Pompeius
Der Ki'inigliohe Sehilfer, odor Ba.filius in ex'hohete Julius Ciisar, ib., 1710 Der hoch- ;
Arcadicn, ib., 109;!, and Hamburg, 1G94 mtithige, gestiirzte und wieder erhobene
Mahmuth H., Hamburg, 1G96 Dcr geliebte ; Croesus, ib., 1711 Die osten-eichische
;
Adonis, ib., 1097 Die durcli AVilhelm den ; Grossmuth, oder Carolus V., ib., 1712 ;
Grossen in Britannieu wieder eingefiihrte Die entdcckte Verstillung, odor die geheime
Irene, ib., 1097 Der bei dem allgemeinen
; Liebe der Diana, ib., 1712 Die wiederher- ;
Wcltfriedcn von dem grossen Augustus gestellte Ruh, oder die gekri'mto Tapferkeit
geschlossene Tempel des Janus, ib., 1098 ;
des Heraclius, ib., 1712 L' inganno fedele,
;
Allernntcrthiinigstor Gchorsam, ib., Nov. oder der getreue Betrug (repeated, with a
15, 1G9S Die bestiiudige und treue Ismene,
; diflerent beginning, as Die gekriJnte Tu-
ib., 1699 Die wunderbar gerettete Iphige-
; gend), ib., 1714 Der Triumpf des Frie-
;
nie, il)., 1099 Die Verbindung des gi-ossen

; dens, serenata, ib., 1715 Fredcgunda, ib.,
;
Hercules mit der schiJnen Hebe, ib., 1099 ;

1715 ; L' amore verso la jiatria, die Liebe
Die Wiederkehr der giildnen Zeit, ib., 1699 ;
gegen das Vaterland, oder der sterbende
Der aus Hyperboreen nach Cimbrien iiber- Cato, ib., 1715 Artemisia, ib., 1715
; Die ;
gebrachte goldene Apfel, ib., 1099 La ; romische Grossmuth, oder Calpuruia, ib.,
forza dclla Virtil, ib., 1700 ; Dor gede- 1716 ; Das romische Ajn-ilfest, ib., 1710 ;
miithigte Endymion,1700 (repeated as ib. , Das vereinigte und triumphirende Haus

Phreton in 1702) KOnigliches preussisches
; Oesterreich, serenata, ib., 1716 Das zer- ;
Ballet, ib., 1701 Stortebecker und Gr.dge

; stOrte Troja, oder der durch den Tod
Michaels, first and second parts, ib., 1701 ;
versohnte Achilles, ib., 1716 Die durch ;
Die wunderschijue Psj-che, ib., 1701 Circe, ; Verstellung und Grossmuth iiber die Grau-
oder Ulysses, first part, ib., 1702 Pomona, ; samkeit siegende Liebe, oder Julia, ib.,
ib., 1702 (repeated as Der Streit der vier 1717 ; Der grossmiithige Tomyris, ib.,
Jahreszeiten in 1703) Orpheus, first and ; 1717 ; Der die Festuug Siebeubiirgisch-
356
;
KfiLER-P.ELA
Weisscnburg crolicrmlc uucT Da- Beilage, Nos. 7 and 4 in von Winterfeld's

iiber die ;
cier tiiiunpluieuilo ib., Evang. Kirchengesang in Adam Hiller's

Kaiser Trajaniis, ;
1717 Das bei seiner Hub uiul Geburt Vierstimmige Motetten, etc., vol. XL, and in
;
eiues Prinzeu froblockeude Lycieu unter the Auswahl vorz. Musikwerke. Fetis ;
der Regierung des KOnigs Jobates uud Grove Chrysander, G. F. Hiindel, i. 80. ;
Belleroijbon, ib., 1717 Die betrogeue iind KELER-BKLA (Albert von Keler), born
;
iiachmals vergiJtterte Ariadne, ib., 1722 at Bartfeld, Hungary, Feb. 13, 1820, died ;
Das froblockende Grossbritanuien, ib., at Wîesbaden, Oct. 20, 1882. Composer of

1724 ; Das wegen Verbannung der Land- dance music, studied at first law, then farm-
jilage an deni Geburtstage cet. Friedrich ing, but devoted himself to music seriously
IV. janclizeude Ciiubrieu, serenata, ib., in 1845, when he went to Vienna, studied
1724 ; Bretislaus, oder die siegende Bestiin- under Sechter and Schlesinger, at the same
digkeit, 1725
ib., Der hamburger Jabr- ;
time joining the orchestra of the Theater
markt, ib., 1725 Die hamburger Schlacht-
; an der Wien as violinist became leader of ;
zeit (marked in the score as his 107th Gungl's band at Berlin, in 1854 succeeded ;
opei'a), ib., 1725 Prologus zum Geburts-

; Lanner at 1855 was Kapellmeis-
Vienna in ;
feste Frideriei Ludovici K. H. zu Hanno- ter in an infantry regiment there in 1856-

ver, ib., 172G Jlistovejus, ib., 1720
; Der ; G3, then went to Wiesbaden, where he be-
stumme Priuz Atis, intermezzo, ib., 172G ;
came conductor of the Kur orchestra in
Lucius Verus., ib, 1727 Circe, ib., 1734. ;
18G7 ; he resigned on account of ill-health
n. Other works R. Keisers Gemiiths- : in 1873. Works : Overtures ; Violin solos ;
Ergijtzung, bestehend in einigen Sing-Ge- Dance music. Mendel ; Grove ; Fetis, Sup-
dichten, mit einer Stimme xuid uuter- plement, ii. 38.
schiedbchen Instrumenten (Hamburg, KELLER, GOTTFRIED, German harp-
NicoLas Spieringk, 1G98) ; Divertimenti sichord player, who settled in London about
sereuissimi, duets and airs with cLavecin the beginning of the 18th century, died
(Hamburg, 1713) Der fiir die Siinden der; there in 1721. He published G sonatas for
Welt geniarterte und sterbeude Jesus, ora- 2 violins, trumpet, or oboe, viola, and con-
torio, Hamburg, Holy Week, 1712-13 (ex- tinuo (London, 1710) ; 6 sonatas for 2 flutes
tracts published ib., 1714) Musikalische and basso continue were jûblished after his
;
Laudlust. cantatas with contiuuo for clave- death, besides " A complete method for at-
cin (ib., 1714) Kaiserliche Friedenpost, taining to play a thorough-bass upon either
;
songs and duets with clavecin (ib., 1715) organ, harpsichord, or theorbo-lute," etc., ;
Weinachts-Cantate fiir 2 Soprani, 2 Violinen, which was printed also in Dr. William
Viole und Bass (ib., no date) ; Der verur- Holder's work on harmony (London, 1731).
theilte iind gekreuzigte Jesus, oratorio, Mendel ; Hawkins' Hist., v. 170 ; Fetis.
poem by Brockes Two Passion-musics KELLER, JOHANN MICHAEL, born at
;
many other sacred compositions. Extracts Oberelchingeu, Bavaria, Dec. 29, 1800, died
from many of his operas were published in at Augsburg, April 3, 1SG5. Organist, \m-
Hamburg, as follows From L' ingauno Fe- pil of Franz Biihler, Augsburg. He became
:
dele, 1714 ;From Almira and Octavia, successively organist of the St. Georgskirche,
Zacharias Hilrtel, 1700 From La forza and the Ulrichskirche, choir-master of St.
;
della Virtil (in German), 1701 ; Lindner Stephans, 1838, and Kapellmeister of the
has edited an overture, 7 opera arias and a cathedral in 1839. Wôrks Canticum Za- :
duet, as the 2d volume of his Die erste ste- charise (1847) lu exitu Israel, Psalm with ;
hende deutsche Oper (Berlin, Schlessinger, instrumental accompaniment Salve Regina ;
1855) Other selections in Reissmann's (1840) Te Deum (1846) and Vidi aquam,
; ; ;
Allgem. Gesch. d. Musik, iii. 54-73, and hymns, graduals, etc. Mendel.
357
KELLER
KELLER, KAEL, bora at Dessau, Oct, IG, ing, 1889. Pianist, pupil in Minneapolis of
1784, died at Schaffhausen, July 19, 1855. F. W. Merriam, and in Chicago of Clarence
Flute player, son of the court organist, Eddy; studied in Stuttgart, in 1876-80,
Gottliilf Keller, and educated by several theory and orchestration with Musik-di-
court musicians. An accomplished per- rektor Max Seifriz, pianoforte with Wil-
former at the age of twenty, he was a great helm Speidel, and organ with Friedrich
favorite in Leipsic, where Reichardt gave Fink. In 1880 he went to San Francisco,
him lessons and secured him a position in California. Works Overture and inci- :
the royal chapel. Li 180G he went with him dental music to Macbeth, given in San
to Cassel, where Keller was for seven years Francisco in 1885, New York, 1887 Theme ;
first flute in the royal chapel, and singing and variations for string quartet Grand ;
teacher to the Queen of Westphalia. After Polonaise (four hands), and other piano-
two years in the royal chapel at Stuttgart, he forte music Phases of Lave, a series of ;
made a concert tour through Germany, Hun- songs, one in the Chinese scale Music to a ;
gary, France, and Holland, and finally went to comic opera, text by A. C. Gunter (MS.).
Tieuua, whence Prince Fiirsteuberg called KELLNER, ERNST AUGUST, born at
him to a post in his orchestra at Douaues- Windsor, England, Jan. 26, 1792, died in
chingen later he was also director of the London, July 18, 1839. Pianist and bari-
;
theatre there, and of a music-school which he tone singer, probably a grandson of Johann
founded, was pensioned in 1849, and retired Christoph Kellner began to studj' the pi- ;
to Schaffhausen. Works 3 concertos for anoforte when only two years old, and played
:
flute 4 polonaises with orchestra, oj). 7, 13, 24, a concerto by Handel at five.
; In singing
34 Divertissements for do., op. 10, 31 Vari- he was a pupil of William Pearson, and
; ;
ations, do., op. 3, 11, 14 Pots-pourris, do., op. from 1815 at Naples of Nozzari, Casella, and
;
4, 9 Soli for flute, op. 17

;
Duos for do., op. Crescentini. After his return to England
;
39, 40, 48 6 part-songs

;
for m.ale voices, op. in 1820, he won success as a jjianist and
'
;
49 Many songs. Futis Mendel Schilling. singer, especially when travelling with Muie
; ;
KELLER, ]\L\X, born at Trostberg, Ba- Catalani in 1824-25 he sang at the Teatro ;
varia, in 1770, died at AltOttiug, Dec. 16, della Fenice in Venice, then in Bologna,
1855. Organist, was a chorister in the where he was made a member of the Acca-
,
Benedictine convent where he studied the demia filarmonica, and in 1828 went to St. j
organ under his elder brother Joseph Kel- Petersburg. Having visited Paris in 1833, i
ler, whomhe succeeded as organist in 1788 he returned to London in 1834, and became
-98. During that time he made journeys organist of the Bavarian chapel. Among
to Salzburg, where he profited by the advice his comjiositions, left in manuscript, was
of Michael Haydn. After three years in Burg-
an opera, Poland. Case of precocious mu-
bausen, he became organist of the chapel at sical talent, etc. (London, 1839) Frtis. ;
Altottiug. Works : 6 German masses for KELLNER, GUSTAV, born at Weida,

one voice and organ, with a second and Saxe-Weimar, in 1809, died in Weimai-,
third voices, 2 violins, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets, Feb. 24, 1849. Pianist, and writer on mu-
etc., ad libitum
3 Latin masses, for do.; 3
; sic was for several years Kapellmeister of
;
do. for 3 voices and organ

Litanies for 4 the theatre orchestra at Potsdam, and in
;
voices and organ, with other instruments 1838 settled at Weimar to teach the piano-
ad libitum Advent hymns, funeral chants, forte.
; Works 2 small operas, given at :
etc.; Preludes, cadences, versets, etc., for Potsdam ; Sonatas for pianoforte ; Part-
the organ. Fotis ; Mendel. songs for male voices, and songs. Fctis.
KELLEY, EDGAR STH,LMAN, born at KELLNER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH,
Sparta, Wisconsin, April, 14, 1857, still liv- born at Gri'ifenrode, Thuringia, Aug. 15,
358
KELLNER
1730, (lied at C-xssel in 1803. Organist and the Drury Lane Theatre until his retirement
didactic writer, sou and piijiil of Joliaini from the stage. He became manager of
Peter Kellner, and pupil of Georg Beuda in the King's Theatre in 1793, opened in 1802,
Gotha. He travelled through Germany and a music shop which failed in 1811, and en-
Holland, lived for a while at The Hague gaged also in the wine trade. But his
and in Amsterdam
was organist of the
; wines seem to have been no more genuine
Catholic church in Cassel, and also of one than his compositions were original, as
of the principal Lutheran churches. Sheridan proposed that he should inscribe
Works Die Schadenfreude, operetta, given over his shop Michael Kelly, Composer of
: :
at Cassel, 1782 Die Emijfinduugen bei Wines and Lnporter of Music. He wrote
;
dem Tode des Erlijsers, passion oratorio, or chiefly compiled the music for 62 dramas,
ib., 1792 Several other passions and can- which are now forgotten, and composed
;
tatas, and a complete year of motets and many English, French, and Italian songs.
psalms for 4 voices, with various instru- His Reminiscences (Loudon, 182(5), written
ments, and organ obligate 7 concertos for by Theodore Hook from materials furnished
;
pianoforte, op. 5, 8, 11 Trios for piano- by Kelly, are a highly entertaining store-
;
forte and strings, op. 19 Sonatas for pi- house of musical anecdote, and contain im-
;
anoforte, op. 2, 1.5 ; Preludes, fugues, and portant personal notices of Mozart.
Grove ;
other pieces for the organ. His Grundriss Mendel Fi'tis. ;
des Geueralbasses (1783) was once as well KELWAY, JOSEPH, lived in the 18th
known as nowadays Marx's Compositions- century, died in 1782. Organist, pupil of
lehre.
Allgem. d. Biog., xv. .592 Fetis. Geminiani became organist of St. Michael's,
; ;
KELLNER, JOH.^NN PETER, born at Cornhill, and of St. Martin's-iu-the-Fields,

Griifenrode, Thuringia, Sept. 2J:, 1705, died London, in 1736. He left hai-psichord so-
there in 1788. Organist and church com- natas and some vocal music. His elder
poser, jHipil of the cantor Nagel in singing, brother, Thomas (born about 1605, died
of Nagel's son at Dietendorf, of the organ- May 21, 1749), was organist of Chichester
ist Schmidt at Celle on the pianoforte, and Cathedra], 1720. He left services and an-
of the organist Quehl at Suhl in composi- thems which are still in use. Grove.
tion. He became cantor at Frankenhayn KELZ, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born in
in 1725, and in his birthplace in 1727. He Berlin, April 11, 1786, died there in Janu-
composed preludes, fugues, and dance mu- ary, 1862. Violoncellist, pupil of the city
sic for harpsichord, contained in the collec- musician Fuchs until 1801, then of his uncle,
tion Certamen musicum
Organ music, A. F. Metke, while violoncelUst in the ducal
;
chorals, suites, in Manipulus mu.sices

Un- orchestra of Braunschweig-Oels. After the
;
published chorals An oratorio ; Cantatas death of the duke he returned to Berlin, and
;
for 4 voices with organ and instruments, became first violoncellist and chamber mu-

etc. Allgem. d. Biogr., xv, 590. sician to the king, in 1811, and was pen-
KELLY (O'Kclly), MICHAEL, born in sioned in 1857. Although really self-taught
Dublin, about 17G4, died at Margate, Oct. in composition, having received only a few
9, 182G. Tenor singer, pupil of Passerini, lessons from Zelter, he was a prolific com-
Peretti, St. Giorgio, and Rauzzini after poser, and often wrote in the burlesque
;
appearing on the stage in Dublin, he went style which Haydn sometimes adopted.
to Naples in 1779, and studied under Fena- Among his works, numbering about 300,
roli and Aprile. He was engaged at the are Symphonies, for 2 violins, bass, trum- :
court theatre in Vienna, where he was a pets and other toy instruments Quintet ;
friend of Mozart and remained four years for flute and strings, op. 79 do. for strings,
; ;
in 1787 he went to London, and sang at op. 102 Introduction and fugue on the ;
359
;
;
KELZ
name of Fesca, for do., op. 108 ; 20 fugues, Musical Illustrations of the Beauties of
for do. ; Sonatas for jîauoforte ; motets, Shakespeare Musical Illustrations of The
;
psalms, ijart-sougs for aud Lady of the Lake The Vocal Magazine
male voices, ;
;
songs.
Fe'tis Mendel ;
The New System of Musical Education,
KELZ (Kelzius), MATTHAUS, German Part I. Songs, duets, and glees. Grove. ;
composer of the 17tli century, born at Baut- KE:MPTEE, FRIEDRICH, born at Lim-
zen, Saxony, died at Sorau, Brandenburg. bach, Bavaria, Oct. 17, 1810, still living,
He became cantor at Stargard, Pomerauia, 1889. Church composer and didactic
iu 162G, and later at Sorau. Works Ope- writer, ])viinl at the teachers' seminary at
:
retta nuova, a collection of evangelical Dillingen of Heindl, Schwarz, A. Sehmid, K.

songs (Leipsic, 183G) Primitisc musicales, Laucher, and later, at Augsburg, of Keller.
;
a collection of sonatas, ballets, sai'abauds, Became instructor of music in the teachers'

allemaudes, etc., for 2 violins, bass, and seminary at Lauingen in 1841. Besides
basso continuo (Ulm, 1G58) Exercita- numerous compositions for the church, can-
;
tionum luusicarum a violino e viola da tatas and songs, he published Unterricht und
ganiba, etc. (Augsburg, IGGO). Fetis
Uebungeu im Gencralbass Auswahl syste- ;
;
Mendel Gerber Schilling Waltber.

; ; matisch geordneter Fingeriibungen und Cla-
;
KEMMLEm, GEORG MICHAEL, born vierstiicke and Materialien zu Erlernung ;
at Dingslebcn, Saxe-Meiningen, in 1785, eines gediegenen Orgelsjjiels. Mendel.

died (?). Pianist, and baritone singer, pu- KEilPTER, KARL, born at Limbach,
pU of Lis father on the pianoforte and or- Bavaria, Jan. 17, 1819, died at Augsburg,
gan, aud of the cantor Staep in harmony. March 11, 1871. Organist aud church com-
He studied theology iu the Uuiversitj' of poser, brother of Friedrich Kempter i>a- ;
Jena, in 1806, and afterwards for three pil of Michael Keller at Augsburg, and on
years was private tutor iu a family at Lo- the violin of Domiuik. In 1837 he became
dersleben, near Querfurt. He
returned to organist of the St. Tlh'ichskirche, and in
Jena, and in 1812 became cantor and in- 1839 of the cathedral, where ho succeeded
structor at the Biirgcrschule, and was di- Keller as Kajêllmeister in 18G5. Works
rector of several vocal societies. But few of Oratorios Johannes der Tiiufer Maria : ;
;
his numerous and esteemed compositions Die Hirteu von Betlehem Die Oflfeuba- ;
for the church were published. Jlendel

rung dcs Herrn. German mass, for 4 voices,
;
Frtis Schilling.
;
with organ, violoncello, and bass, op. 8 ;
KEMP, JOSEPH, born at Exeter, Eng- Latin mass, for 4 voices, orchestra, and or-
land, iu 1778, died in London, May 22, gan, op. 9 2 solemn masses, for do., op. ;
1824:. Dramatic and church composer, pu- 11, 17 Missa saucta, for Soprano and Con- ;
jjil of ^Yilliam Jackson became organist of tralto, organ, and orchestra, op. 13 Pastoral
; ;
the cathedral, Bristol, in 1802 settled in mass, for 4 voices and orchestra, op. 24
;
London iu 1809 Mus. Bac, Cambridge, Several other masses, 4 vespers, 15 graduals,
;
1808 Mus. Doc, 1809. He Uved iu Exeter and offertories, etc

; Der Landchorregent, ;
in 181-4-18, was in France in 1818-21, aud re- a collection of various church music. He
turned to Exeter. Works The Jubilee, an also harmonized the German hymns for the
:
occasional j)iece, given in London, 1809 diocese of Augsburg (1859). Fetis Men-
;
;
The Siege of Isca (Exeter), or The Battles in del.

the West, melodrama (with Domenico KENIL WORTH, cantata for soli, chorus,
Corri), ib., 1810 Anthems War Anthem, and orchestra, text by Chorley, music by
; :
1808 The Crucifixion, 1809 I am Alpha Arthur Sullivan, first performed at the Birm-
; ;
aud Omega Twelve Psalmodical Melodies ingham Festival (England), Sept. 8, 1SG4.
;
;
Twenty Double Chants Twelve Songs It contains parts of a masque offered to en-
;
; :
KENNIS
tertain Queen Elizabeth during her
visit in life was sent to Rome by Emperor Fer- '
to the Eavl Published by dinand ni., and studied under Carissimi,

of Leicester.
Chappell & Co. (London, 18G4). Athenae- perhaps also un-
um (18G4), ii., .378. der Frescobaldi.
KENNIS, GUILLAUME GOMMAIEE, In 165G he en-
born at Lierre, Belgium, about 1720, died tered the service
at Louvaiu, May 10, 1789. Violinist, while of the Elector
still quite young was maitre de chaj)elle of of Bavaria, and
the church of Saiut-Gominaire, at Lierre, at the corona-
then of Saint-Pierre, Louvain, and master tion of the Em-
of the children. He is supposed to have peror Leopold
visited London and Paris, although no record I, in Frank-
is found of it. Works : 12 symphonies for fort, 1G58, elec-
orchestra ; 3 concertos for violin and orches- trified his audience by extraordinary skill
tra (Paris) ; G quartets for strings (Loudon)
on the organ, and a mass of his composi-
G trios for do. (Paris) 6 duos for violin tion became famous from that date.
; In
and violoncello (ib.) G do. for 2 violins 1G73 he resigned his position in Munich,
;
(London) G sonatas for violin and basso and went to Vienna, where he at first taught
;
contiiuio (Louvain)
6 do. (Liege). Fetis. music, but is said to have been apjjointed
;
KENT, J.\j\IES, born at Winchester, organist at St. Stephen's in 1G77. In the

England, March 13, 1700, died there. May accounts of the coru't he appears as court
G, 177G. Organist, chorister of Winchester organist from Oct. 1, 1680, to the end of
Cathedral under Vaughau Kichardson, and 1692. He seems therefore to have returned
later at the Chapel Koyal, London, under to Munich shortly before his death. Works
Dr. Croft became organist successively at Oronte, opera, Munich, 1657 Erinto, do.,
; ;
Fiuedon, Northamptonshire, Trinity Col- ib. 1661 II pretensioue del sole, serenata, ;
lege, Cambridge, and in 1737-71; of the Ca- ib., 1661 Opus primum Missarum (Nurem- ;
thedral and College of Winchester. Works berg, 16G9) Missfo sex, adjuncta una j)ro
: ;
IMorniug and Evening Service 20 anthems, defunctis, etc. (Munich, 1G89); Missa nigra,
;
among others. Hear my Prayer, and. My and other masses Requiem (1G69) Delec- ; ;
song shall be of mercy. Grove

Barrett, tus sacrarum cantionum, collection of mo-
;
English Church Composers, 122. tets (Nuremberg, 1669) O bone Jesu, motet ;
KERCHOVE, JOSEPH, born in Ghent, for 2 soprani Trio for 2 violins and viola ;
Sept. 2G, 1804, still living, 1889. Church di gamba ; Toccatas, suites, etc., for harpsi-
composer, pupil of his father, of Jean Ga- chord Modulatio organica, etc., a collection ;
briels, and of Pierre Verheyen. He was a of organ pieces (Munich, 1G8G). AUgem. d.
tenor in several churches, and in 1839 be- Biog., XV. 628 Fetis Gerber Mendel ; ; ; ;
came director of the Socii'to du Saint-Sau- Riemann.

veur, succeeding Jean d'Hollaudei-. Works KERLE (Keerle), JACOB VAN, born at:
Masses, a motets, and other Ypres, Flanders, died after 1.590.

Miserere, Contra-
church music Choruses for male voices, puntist, older eontemjjorary of Orlando
;
etc. Mendel, Ergiinz., 177 Fetis, Supple- Lasso was choir director and canon at
; ;
ment, ii. 39 Viotta. ; Cambrai, entered the service of the Car-

KERL (Kerll, Kherl, Cherle), JOH.ANN dinal Prince Bishop of Augsburg, Otto von
KASPAIl VON, born at Gaimersheim, near Truchsess, with whom he sj)ent several years
Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in 1G28, died in Munich, in Rome, and returned to Augsburg, (1562-
Feb. 13, 1693. Organist, pupil of Giovanni 75). Whether he was ever in the service of
Valeutini in Vienna, whither he went early the Emperor Rudolph H., as rej)orted, is
;;
KERPEN
uncertain. Works : G Missse suavissimis of the Nederlandsche Toonkunstenaars-
modulationibus, etc. (Venice, 15G2) ; Preces Vereeniging, for a concerto for violin and
speciales, etc. (ib., 1560) ; Madrigali a quat- orchestra, and has
tro voci (ib., 1570) ; II inimo libro eapitolo composed other violin
del Trionfo d' amore del Petrarca (ib., 1570) mu s i c. Fetis, Sup-
II primo libro dei Motetti (ib., 1571), also plement, ii. 39 ; Vi-
published under the title Selectee qusedam otta.
cautioues, etc. (Nurember;^, 1571) Moduli ; KESSLER, FER-

sacri, cum cautioue contra Turcas (Munich, DINAND, born at
1572) ; Motetti et Te Deum laudamus (ib., Frankfort-on-the-
1573) ; Cantio in houorem generosi, etc. Main, in January,1793,
(Nuremberg, 1574:) ; Moteta3, quibus ad- died there, Oct. 22,
juncti sunt ecclesiastici hymni (Munich, 1856. Pianist, pupil
1575) ; SacriE cautiones, etc., quibus ad- of Vollweiler and Aloys Scbmitt. He com-
juucti sunt hymni de resuiTectione, etc. posed an opera, symphonies, quartets, sona-
(ib., 1575) G Missa3 etTe Deum (ib., 157G)
; tas, rondos, and variations for pianoforte, of
4 Missfe suavissimis, etc. (Antwerjj, 1583). which few were published. He was the au-
Allgera. d. Biog., xv. G29 Biog. nat thor of " Sj'stem zum Selbstunterricht in dcr
;
de Belgique, v. 224 Biog. de la Flandre Harmonie." Mendel Riemann Futis Vi-

; ; ; ;
occidentals, i. 2G0 Fetis Mendel. ; otta, ii. 304. ;
KEKPEN, FKIEDBICH HUGO, Biu-on KESSLER (properly KOtzler), JOSEPH

VON, German amateur violoncellist of the CHRISTOPH, born at Augsburg, Aug. 26,
end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th 1800, died in Vienna, Jan. 13, 1872. Pian-
century. He was capitular of Wiirzburg ist, pupil of the organist Bilek, at Felds-
Cathedral and patron of the Amateur Con- berg, Moravia, then at the Piarists' Semi-
cert Society of that city in 1780. Settled nary at Nicolsburg. In 1816 he went to
at Mainz in 1790, and later at Heilbronn. Vienna, to study philosophy, and in 1820

Works Operas Der Schiflfbruch, WiU-z- to Lemberg, where he taught the piano-
:
burg, 178G Das Riithsel, Mainz, 1791 forte in the house of Count Potocki four
;
Adelheid von Ponthieu, ib., 1798 Cephalus years, and comjjosed his far-famed Etudes,
;
uud Procris, melodrama, ib., 1792 Con- op. 20, published in Vienna and in Paris, ;
certo for pianoforte, with orchestra, op. 9 recommended by Kalkbrenner in his pi- ;
3 trios for pianoforte and strings, op. 1 anoforte school, and played in concerts by ;
Sonata for pianoforte Do. (4 hands), op. 4 Liszt. He went to Warsaw in 1829, then
;
;
6 grand sonatas for ijianoforte and violin, to Breslau, and in 1835 again to Lemberg,
op. 8 6 ariettas for 3 voices with piano- where he taught for many years, finally to
;
forte ;
German songs, etc. Fetis Gerber Vienna, in 1857. His fitudes rhapsodiques,
;
Schilling. op. 51, acquired as much prominence as

KES, \VILLEM, born at Dordrecht, op. 20. He published also polonaises, con-
Feb. IG, 185G, still living, 1889. Violin- certos, nocturnes, preludes, etc., for piano-
ist,pupil of Huyssens and August Bijhme forte sacred songs for male chorus with ;
and on the pianoforte of Nohldenft, then brass instruments and songs with piano- ;
at Leipsic (1871-73) of Ferdinand David, forte. Mendel Fetis Wurzbach. ; ;
at the Conservatoire, Brussels (1875-76), KESSLER, JOSEPH HEINRICH FER-

of Wieniawski, finally at the Conserva- DIN.AND, born at Tost, Silesia, Dec. 4,
torium, Berlin, of Joachim, Kiel, and Tau- 1808, still living, 1889. Vocal and instru-
bert. Concertmeester of the Pai-k Orches- mental composer, pupil of Siegert and
tra in Amsterdam. He won the 1st prize Justus Kessler, then of Freudenberg. In
KETTE
1844 he became cantor of the EHzabeth- KETTERER, EUGENE, born at Rouen,
where he had been a chor- in 1831, died in Paris, Dec. 18, 1870. Pi-
kirche, Breslau,
ister since 1832. Works : Psalm C for anist, pujîl at the Paris Conservatoire of
chorus and orchestra 3 cantatas for do.
; Marmontel ; ; won first aecessit, 1852. He
Cantata for male chorus with 4 horns In- published ; much light pianoforte music,
strumental compositions Choruses for male popular in
; its day, of which his opera fan-
voices, and songs. Mendel ; Fctis. tasias are the best. Fetis, Supplement, ii.
KETTE, ALBERT (Albrecht), born 40.

near Schwarzenberg, Bavaria, in 172G, died KEWITSCH (Kiewicz), KARL THEO-
at Wiirzburg in 17(j7. Organist, jiupil of DOR, born at Posilge, West Prussia, Feb.
his father, then at Wiirzburg of Bayer, or- 3, 1834, still living, 1889. Church com-
ganist to the court and of the cathedral, poser, first instructed by his father, who
whom he succeeded in both positions in was an organist, then at Pclplin (1845-48)
1749. He wrote sacred music, concertos for by Weuzeslaus Maslou, choir director of
organ and for pianoforte, preludes, and oth- the cathedral there, on the violin, piano-
er organ music.
Gerber; Schilling; Fetis. forte, and organ. He was for three years
KETTEN, HENRI, born at Baja, Hun- oboist in the band of a regiment, then in-
gary, March 25, 1848, died in Paris, March structor and organist successively at Wabcz
31, 1883. Pianist, pupil at the Paris Con- near Culm (1859), at Schwetz on the Vistula
servatoire, 1857-6G, of Marmontel on the (1859-G4), at Graudenz (1864-GG), when he
pianoforte, and of Halevy and Relier in was appointed musical instructor at the
comijosition. After travelling several years, newly founded Catholic teachers' seminary
earning applause as a pianist and orchestra at Berent, West Prussia, and became prin-
conductor, he returned to Paris. Works: cipal instructor there in 1873. Works :
Persian March, for orchestra ; Sonata for de Beata Maria Virgine, for mixed
j\Iissa
pianoforte and clarinet ; Songs, etc. Men- choir, 023. 3 Missa de Apostolis, for do.,
;
del, Ergilnz., 178 ; Supplement, ii. 39. op. 5

Fetis, ;
Quatuor Antiphonse, etc., for do.,
KETTENUS, ALOYS, born at Verviers, op. 7 ; Missa de Spiritu Sancto, for male
Belgium, Feb. 22, 1823, still living, 1889. voices,op. 15 G Polish choral melodies ;
Violinist, pupil at the Lii'ge Cousei'vatoire ;

with double counterpoint, for the organ,
made his first public appearance at the age op. 2 ; Collection of Polish hymns, for 4
of nine, and in 1841 became first violinist voices, op. 6 Do. for one voice, op. 9
; ;
in the theatre of Aix-la-Chapelle ;

played Vademecum 500 cadenzas for
for organists ;
at concerts in Frankfort, Mainz,

Darmstadt, the organ ; 30 jîeces for do., op. 33 G4 ;
and Carlsruhe, and at the age of twenty- do. ; 36 do. ; Polish book of chorals for the
two was appointed Conzertmeister and diocese of Culm ; German do. ; Festina
solo violin at the theatre and the court of lente, waltz for full orchestra, op. 22 ;
Mannheim, where he studied composition Slavic Scherzo for do., op. 23 ; Der Ahneu
under Viucenz Lachner. In 1855 he went 30 12 four-2:)art
Tiiuze, waltz for do., op. ;
to London, and became first violin in Ju- songs and canons, op. 16 3 songs for mixed ;
lien's band. He directed an opera in Dub- chorus, o}). 17 6 Wanderlieder, for male ;
and returned to London, where chorus, oj). 18 Pianoforte music,

lin in 185G, ; etc. Men-
he has been a prominent solo player at del, Ergiinz., 178.
many popular concerts. Stella, KEYRLEBER, JOHANN GEORG, born
Works :
opera, given in Brussels, 18G2 Concerto in Wiirtemberg, where he lived about the
;
for violin Concertino for 4 violins and or- end of the 17th century. He styled himself
;
chestra Duo for pianoforte and violin in his works, Magister et liberalium artium
; ;
Songs.
Fotis Mendel.
; cultor. He was an admirer of the canon
363
} ;'
form in compositiou.
KIEL
Gerber quotes the connected with Stern's
Conservatorium in
h
ô^" ^^l'' <=l'i'"^'
following as illustrating this taste Ag- 1866-69. Works Rc.qi"^'^!
: :
I'erlin, Feb. 8, 1862 ;

gratulatio musico-poetica, in G Latin dis- and orchestra, op. 20,
^ (1^*^^)' ^^'
tichs, witli a perpetual cauou in 16 parts Missa solemnis, for do.' "P-
oi'atono, op. 60
and 16 violins, capable of being rendered March 21, 1867 ChrJ"'' ;
'^^'^^ Requiem, op.

by 156 voices and as many instruments, (1871-72), ib., April 4, '
female chorus, soli,

etc., composed for tlie birthday of the Em- 80 Stabat Mater, f<n-
;
Psalm CXXX.,
peror Joseph I, King of l?ome (1G91). The and orchestra, op. 25 (l862);
ê Deum, for mixed
other canons are no less remarkable.
Ger- for do., op. 29 (1863)
^^> (1C6) Zwei
;
ber Fi'tis Mendel.

; ;
voices and orchestra. ,'P- ;
^3 (1881) 2 Motets
KIEL, FEEEDRICH, born at Paderbaeh, Gesange, for do., op. ;
^"'^ pianoforte, op.

llhenish Prussia, for female chorus, soli'
^vomen's or boys'
Oct. 7, 1821, died 32 ; 6 sacred songs, fc'^
'^'^^'^ î" '^l'""'^'
in Berlin, Sept. 14, choii-, op. 64 6 Motet^
;
orchestra, op. 61
188.5. Church and op. 82 ; 4 Marches fo"^
'-^"^^ orchestra, op.
instrumental com- Concerto for pianofort^
"^^ t""8'^'
poser, first instruct- 30 ; 2 Quintets for pi^f^^^ô^-^^
ô^' '^-' oP- ^'^' ^^'
ed by his father, op. 75, 76 ; 3 Quartets'
who was a village 50 2 String quartets, P-
^3 ; 2 series of
;
oP- '^^' '^^ ^

school teacher, then waltzes for string qu^^"*^^*' '
by Prince Karl Trios, op. 3, 22, 24, :i:''

3^' ^"^ ' ^ ^^''^^^^
von Wittgenstein
on the violin (1835)
at Berleburg, where in less than a year he
played in the prince's orchestra, and whither
he returned as Conzertmeister and instruct-
violoncello, op. 52
or of his patron's children, after having for violin ; Sonata for ;
fiauoforte music, and

studied theory under Kaspar Kummer at do. for viola, op. 67 ;
songs.-Fetis, Suppl.-'^"'^' ^^
I""^*'"-
Coburg (1838-39). Being allowed a stipend '
^êndel R.omann.
by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV., he went to Zeitg. (1885), ii. 364 ;
;
Berlin in 1842, and studied counterpoint KIENLEN, JOH.^NN CHRISTOPH,

nnder Dehn, taking up his permanent resi- born in Poland in It!^' ^^'*^^^ ""^ ^^^ssau in
^^"'^'^'^ ^^ P^^^"'
1830. Dramatic comp-^s^'"'
dence in Berlin, where he slowlj- but stead-
^^^''
ily rose to a distinguished position, due was successively Kape'l^^'^^"- ""^ "^<^
to his eminent activity as an exponent of tres of Presburg (isd^).
Augsburg, Briinn,
the classical school. As late as 18.")9 andand Ba<Ieu, near Vi.''^"^- ^"^^^ "'""'^'''S
'""' '"^ ^^'^ '-"y"^
1861 he was obliged to arrange private per-Paris, he was director "^
formances of his comjjositious, to attract theatre, Munich, and '^ ^^^^
removed to
vocal instructor at
attention even in Berlin, but after his Berlin, where he beca^
Requiem, brought out by Stern's Gesang- the royal opera, in 1k23. He accompanied
verein in 1862, had been received with Prince Radziwill to P^^^n,
which he left
^^^ ^""^'^^ revolution,
unanimous enthusiasm, and made the round again at the time of
of the musical world, he at once became arriving destitute a*
Dessau. Works-
famous. In 1805 he was made member of Operas Die Kaisen-o^^' S^^^"" '"^ V'^""'
:
the Academy of arts, in 1867 royal profes- Leopoldstildter The/t^r, 1815;

Claudina
^^"''^ ^^^^'
sor, and in 1869 Senator of the Academy, von Vmabella, Au"^^"'-^'
?*1^ I'etrarca und
and professor of composition at the Con- Scherz, List und '
servatorium, in which capacity he had been Laura, C:u-lsruhe, 182 ûsic for
several '
304
KIENZL
dramas ; Hymns, songs, pianoforte music, Ecossaise in F ; V. Franyaise in A minor ;
etc. Fotis ; do., Supplement, ii. 41 ; Men- VI. Ringelreihe in C. Published by Breit-
del. kopf & Hilrtel (LeiiJsic, 1854). Arranged for
IQENZL, WILHELir, born at Waizen- pianoforte for two hands.
kirclieu. Upper KINDER DER HAIDE, DIE (Children
Austria, Jan. 17, 1857,
still
living, 1889. Gratz of of the Heath), opera in five acts, text by

Pianist, pujiil at
Iguaz Ubl until 1870, and of Mortier de Moscnthal from Carl Beck's romance,
Fontaine until 1873, and in composition of " Janko," music by Rubinstein, first repre-
W. A. Eey. Went to Prague in 1875, and sented in Vienna, Feb. 20, ISGl at Dantzic, ;
studied counterijoint under Joseph Krej6i ;

Oct. 4, 1885. Rubinstein's first opera, the
lie appeared tliere successfully as a
also subject, Gipsy life. Published by Sehreiber
pianist, and in 187G went to Leipsie, to at- (Vienna, 1885). Siguale (1885), 8G5.
tend the lectures of Springer, Overbeck, and KINDERMANN, JOHANN ERASMUS,
Paul, and brought out several of his works. born at Nuremberg, March 29, IGIG, died
In 1877 he returned to Gratz, to take his there, April 14, 1G55. Organist and church
degree, played repeatedly in public, gave comiôser, was organist at St. Egidius, Nu-
lectures, and arranged performances of his remberg, and one of the most famous per-
own and other modern compositions. formers on his instrument. Works Mu- :
Works Urvasi, grand opera, text by the

: sica Catechica (Nuremberg, 1646) Har- ;
composer after Kalidasa, given at Dresden, monia organica (ib., 1G45) Neu-versfimmte ;
Feb. 20, 1885. Menilel, Ergiiuz., 180 ; N. Z. Violen-Lust (Frankfort, 1G52) Dillierrns ;
f. M. (18S8), 415, 430. evangelische Schluss-Reimen der Predigteu

KIMMERLING, EOBEET, born in Vi- (Nuremberg, 1G52) Musicalischer Felder-
;
enna, Dec. 8, 1737, died at MiJlk, Dec. 5, und Wiilderfreund (Nuremberg, 1G43.) All-
1700. Church composer entered the Bene- ; gem, d. Biogr., XV. 7G2 Fetis Schilling, ; ;
dictine convent of MOlk at the age of six- iv. 87 ;Winterfeld, Kircheugesang, ii. 447 ;
teen, and was ordained priest in 1751. Monatshefte f. Mus. Gesch., xv. 37, 138.
While studying theology at the University KINDERSCENEN (Scenes of Childhood),
of Vienna, he was a friend and pupil in easy pieces for jiianoforte, by Schumann,
composition of Joseph Haydn. He was a op. 15, written in 1838. His last work with
capital tenor singer, and organist, and be- titles for the separate pieces, dating from
came director of the choir of his convent in the period when he wrote exclusively for the
17G1. Among his church compositions is pianoforte. I. Von fremden Liindern und
a Mass, for 8 voices in two choirs, which Mensehen, in G H. Curiose Gesehichte, in ;
Haydn considered his masterpiece. He left D HI. Hasche-Mann, in B-flat minor IV. ; ;
quartets, trios, and duets for string instru- Bittendes Kind, in D V. Gliickes genug, in ;
ments besides many church compositions D VI. Wichtige Begebenheit, in A VH.

; ; ;
in MS. When Marie Antoinette and Josejoh Traihnerei, in F VHI. Am Camin, in F ; ;
n. stopped at Miilk in 1770, he performed IX. Ritter vom Steckenpferd, in C X. Fast ;
in their honour a Singspiel with ballet Re- zu ernst, in G-sharp minor XI. Fiirchten-
: ;
becca, die Braut Isaac's, composed by him, machen, in E minor XII. Kind im Ein- ;
and which pleased the emperor so much, schlunimern, iu E minor XHI. DerDichter ;
that he took the score away with him. spricht, in G. Published by Breitkopf &
Fetis Schilling Wurzbach.
; ; Hiirtel (Leipsie, 1839). Arranged for pi-
KINDERB.ALL, Six easy dances for pianoforte for four hands. Am Camin and
anoforte, four hands, by Schumann, op. Traiimerei are arranged also for oboe
130, written in 1853. I. Polonaise in F and pianoforte by E. Lund, and for oboe
;
II. Walzer in G IH. Menuett in D; IV. and string quartet. ;
3115
; ;
KINDER
KINDER-SYilPHONIE (Toy Symphony) KING ARTHUR, opera, text by Dryden,
for seven toy instruments, two violins, and music by Henry Purcell, first represented
double-bass, by Haydn, written about 1780. in London in 1791, with great success.
Tiie melodies are sujjposed to have been The subject is King Arthur's love for and
suggested by the noises heard at a village recovery of Emmeline, the blind daughter
fair, where Haydn is said to have bought of a tributaiy prince, who has been cap-
the instruments used at its first performance. tured by Oswald, King of Kent. Oswald is
Given at the Swiss musical festival in Lau- aided by Osmond the Saxon magician, and
sanne, Aug.
7, 1823. Mendelssohn also his spii-its, among whom is Grimbald Ar- ;
wi-ote a
Kinder-Symphonie (1827). Pohl, thur by Merlin. Emmeline receives sight
Haydn, ii. 226. through Philidel, a sylph, and is united to
laNDER-SYMPHONIE, by Andreas Arthur. Among the best numbers are the
Romberg, performed many times, and given Saxons' sacrifice before battle with the
at St. James's Hall, London, May 14, 1880, Britons the Britons' battle song, " Come,
;
when the following artists appeared if you dare," frequently sung in after-years
:
by Sims Reeves Philidel's song, " Hither, ;

Arthur Sullivan cuckoo.
hither this way bend " the frost scene ex- ;
Charles Halle quail.

hibited by Osmond to Emmeline, after she
Joseph Barn by nightingale.
woodjsecker.
receives sight ; the Sirens' duet, " Two
Ai-thur Chappell
daughters of this aged stream are we and ; "
A. Randegger drum.
Venus's song, " Fairest aU isles excel-
isle,
INIr. Blumenthal rattle.
ling," in the concluding masque of mytho-
Dr. Staincr and Mr. Kuho trum^jets.
logical characters. This is Purcell's master-
Sir Julius Benedict bellringer.
piece,and was adapted for the modern stage
Mr. Engel triangle.
as Arthur and Emmeline and revived in
Mr. Manns and W. G. Cusius. .first violins.
1827 at the English Opera House, London.
Carl Rosa and Mr. Santley. .second violins.
Published by the Musical Antiquarian So-
!Mr. Ganz viola.
ciety (Loudon, 1843), with the omission of
Ml-.Daubert violoncello.
four lost songs only a few songs in the
;
Mr. Progatzky double-bass.

" Oi-pheus Britannicus " (London, 1698),
Mr. Cowen and J. F. Barnett.. . .pianoforte.
and the version by Arne (1770) had been
Henry Leslie conductor.
previously published. Burney, iii. 492 ;
KIND, WILLST DU RDHIG SCHLA- Hogarth, i. 160 Cummiugs, Purcell, 55.

;
FEN, seven variations for pianoforte, in F, KING, CHARLES, born at Bury St. Ed-
by Beethoven, theme from a quartet in munds, Suffolk, 1687, died in London,
Winter's Unterbrochenes Oj)ferfest, written March 17, 1748. Organist, chorister in St.
in 1799, and published by T. IMollo (Vi- Paul's under Dr. Blow anel Jeremiah Clark ;
enna, 1799) ; Andre (Offenbach, 1800) almoner and master of choristers, ib., 1707
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, organist of St. Benet Fink, London, 1708 ;
Serie 17, No. 12. Thayer, Verzeichniss, Vicar choral, St. Paul's, 1730. His Services
C7. are in constant use in Great Britain. Works :
lONG, ALFRED, born at Shelby, Essex, Services in F, C, D, and B-flat

Anthems. ;
England, April 21, 1837, still hving, 1889. KING DAVID, oratorio, by George Alex-
Organist at Brighton since 18G5, and to ander Macfarren, first performed at Leeds
Brighton corporation, 1878 Mus. B.ac, Ox- (England), Oct. 12, 1883. It was sung by
;
ford, 1872. Works: The Epiphany, ora- Mme Valleria, Mme Patey, Edward Lloyd,
torio ; Magnificat for Festal use ; Anthems ;
and Charles Santley. Atheneum (1883), ii.
Part-songs; etc. 504, 676.
366
;
IQNG
KING LEAR, overture by Antonio Baz- States and of Canada, and in 1882 served
zini, first several months as organist at the church of
performeil at the Crystal Palace,
Loutlon, Feb. 28, 1880. For this work the Holy Innocents, New York. After 1883
Bazzini received the first prize from the he
concert tours through England, made
Societix del Quartetto of Milan. Athenfeum
and Scotland in 1884-86 he was Ii-eland, ;
(1880) i. 290. precentor of St. Maryleboue Parish Church,

IvING, aiiVTTHEW PETER, bom in London and has been organist of Novel- ;
London, 1773, died there, January, 1823. lo's Oratorio Concerts from their beffinninc
Dramatic composer, pupil of Charles Fred- Works Night, symphony for orchestra :
;
erick Horn. Works

Jlusical dramas Mat- Among the Pines, concert overture, Lon-
:
rimony, 1801; The Invisible Girl, 1806; don, 1883 (Philharmonic Society imze)
False Alarms (with Braham), 1807 One Concerto for jîanoforte and orchestra,
;
o'clock, or the "Wood Demon (with Kelly), 1885 Sonata in D minor for violin and ;
1807 Ella Rosenberg, 1807 Up all Night, pianoforte, 1886 Concerto for violin and
; ; ;
1809; Plots, 1810; Oh this Love, 1810; orchestra, 1887 Concert overture (No. 2) ;
The Americans (with Braham), 1811 Ti- in D minor, 1888 Psalm cxxsvii. for so-;
;
mour the Tartar, 1811 The Fisherman's prano solo, chorus, and orchestra, Chester
;
Hut (with Davy), 1819 The Magicians (with Triennial Festival, July 26, 1888; Sym-
;
Braham). The Intercession, oratorio, 1817 phonic cantata for soin-ano, tenor, and bari-
;
Quintet for pianoforte, flute, and strings, tone, soli, double chorus, and orchestra, ib.,
oj). 16 Sonatas for pianoforte, op. 1, 2, 5, id. Pianoforte solos Organ and harmo-
; ; ;
14 Rondos for do., op. 13, 22 Part-songs, nium compositions Violin music Church
; ; ; ;
duets, and songs. Grove FOtis. music Songs, part-songs, etc.

; ;
laNG OLAF'S CHRISTMAS, cantata by laNG RENE'S DAUGHTER, cantata for

Dudley Buck, sung by the Apollo Club, female voices, text by Frederick Enoch,
Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov." 29, 1887, the com- from Henrik Hertz's lyric drama, music
poser conducting. by Henry Smart, written iu 1871. Upton,
IvING, OLIVER, born in London, July Standard Cantatas, 330.
5, 185.5, stiU hving, 1889. KING, ROBERT, English composer of
Pianist, articled in earlj' the 17th century, died after 1711. He was
youth to Joseph Barnby, graduated at Cambridge iu 1696, and was
under whom he studied a member of the band of William and
the pianoforte, organ, Mary and of Queen Anne. Works Songs :
harmony, and composi- in "Choice Ayres, Songs, and Dialogues"

tion pupil in 1871 of
; (1684) Songs in Crowne's comedy, " Sir
;
W. H. Holmes on the Courtly Nice " (1685) Comes Amoris (1687 ;
pianoforte, and in 1874- -93) The Banquet of Music (1688-92)

;
;
77, at the Leipsic Con- Music to Shadwell's Ode on St. Cecilia's

servatorium, of Ernst Day (1090) 24 " Songs for One, Two, and
;
Eichter, Eeinecke, Ja- Three voices, composed to a Thorough

dassohn, Paul, and Hermann ; travelled in Basse for ye Organ or Harpsichord " (Lou-
1877 through Germany as pianist with don, n. d.). Grove.
Madame Peschka-Leutner. In 1879 he was KING TROJAN, cantata, for soli, chorus,
appointed pianist to Princess Louise, whom and orchestra, text an English version of
he accompanied to Canada, and with whom Franz Alfred Muth's poem, music by Hora-
he returned to England in 1883. During tio W. Parker, first performed in Munich
his staj' in America he gave pianoforte rein July, 1885. First given in America by
citals iu the i>riucipal cities of the United Jules Jordan iu Providence, R. I., Feb. 8,
367
KIlSfG
1887. Performed at Cliickeriiig Hall, New sequently became professor of music. He

York, Nov. 24, 1887. Upton, Standard spent several years in Paris, as director of
Cantatas, 292. the German Liederkranz. He wrote many
KING, WILLIA:\r, born at Winchester, operettas for men's voices which were very
England, in 1G24, died at Oxford, Nov. 17, popular in the German singing societies.
1G80. Organist, chaplain of Magdalen Col- The best known are Der Fiirst wider Wil- :
lege, 0.xford, 1650-5i, then became proba- len, Paris, 1867; FideUa, ib., 18G8 Die ;
tioner-fellow of All Souls' College, and in Bardeu Der Quacksalber Kellner und ; ;
1GG4: organist of New College, ib. He com- Lord. He com^ôsed also duets and songs.
posed a service in B-flat, anthems, and songs. Mendel Ft'tis, Supplement, ii. 41. ;
Grove Fotis. ;
KIRCHBAUER, ALPHONSUS, church
KINIvEL, CHARLES, born of German composer at Neresheim, Suabia, middle of
parentage, in the Khenish Palatinate, Ger- the 18th century. He was a Benedictine
many, Jan. 27, 1832, still living, 1889. Pian- monk and chancellor to the Bishop of Chur.
ist, studied principally at Griinstadt, and at He published Jubilus curias ccelestis in ter-
Speyer on the Rhine. Li 1850 he went to restri curia (Augsburg, 1731, 1740), and a
America, settled in Cincinnati as a music collection of seven short masses with instru-
teacher, and is now professor of Music in mental accompaniment. Mendel Gerber ; ;
the Science Hill Female Academy, Shelby- Walther Fctis. ;
ville, Kentucky. Works Pearl and Daisy laRCHHOF, GOTTFRIED, born at Miihl-
:
Polka Polymuia Polka Postilion d'Amour beck, Prussian Saxony, Sept. 5, 1G85, died
; ; ;
Mabel Mazurka Angel of Night Lover's at Halle, March, 1746. Pianist and organ-
; ;
Serenade, and other pianoforte music. ist, pupil of Zachau in Halle Kapellmeister ;
KINKY (Kinsky), JOSEPH, born at 01- to the Duke of Holstein-Gliicksburg, 1709 ;
miitz, Moravia, in 1790, died ('?). Dramatic organist of the Benedictine church at Qued-
composer, taught music in Vienna, then linburg, 1711 music-director and organist ;
played the viola in the orchestra of the of St. Mary's, Halle, 1714. He published
Theater an der Wien, where he became suites and chorals for organ A. B. C. mu- ;
assistant Kapellmeister to Seyfried, whom sical, a collection of fugues and preludes

he followed to the Kiirnthnerthor Theater. for pianoforte (Amsterdam). Mendel ; Ger-
He became Kapellmeister of the theatre in ber ; Walther ; Fctis.
Gratz, and ten years later of the Joseph- KIRCHNER, THEODOR, born at Neu-
stadt Theater in Vienna retired to Olmiitz ; kircheu, near Chemnitz, Saxony, Dec. 10,
several years before his death. His ballet 1824, still living, 1889. Pianist and organ-
music was vei-y popular. Works Operet- ist, pupil at the Leipsic Conservatorium,
tas Der Fiirst und der Rauchfangkehrer

:
;
then organist at Winterthur until 18G2,
Lorenz als Riluberhauptmann Der iMieths- ; when he went to Ziirich, where he con-
mann Montag, Dienstag, Mittwoch (with
; ducted for ten years a musical society.
Gyrowetz and Seyfried) Sultan Wampum, ; After living at Meiningen in 1872-73, he
a quodlibet etc. Ballets Music to sev-
; ; was appointed director of the royal school
eral plays Overtures Marches Dances
; ; ; ;
of music at Wiirzburg in 1875, but resigned
Songs etc., aU of which were popular in
; in the same year and settled at Leipsic,
Vienna. Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling ; Wurz- whence he was called to Dresden as pro-
bach. fessor at the Conservatorium. His name
KIPPER, HERMANN, born at Coblentz, has become widely known in musical circles
Aug. 27, 1826, still living, 1889. Dramatic esisecially by his piano-forte compositions,
composer, pujiil of Anschiitz in Coblentz, which he developed in a manner quite char-
and of H. Doru in Cologne, where he sub- acteristic. Works 10 Lieder, op. 1 4 : ;
;; ;;
KIEKMAN
ilo., op. 4 ; do., op. G ; 3 ilo., op. 40 ; G do., 430 ; V. 120 ; ix. 147, 172, 419 ; x. 90, 318,
op. 50 ; 10 Klavierstiicke, op. 2 ; do., op. 19 6 612.
;
do., op. 45 ; 6 MsidcLen- IvIRKMAN, JAN, Dutch composer, born

lieder, op. Gruss au 3 ; middle of the 18th century, died at Nor-
meine Freunde, op. 5 wich, England, in 1799. He was organist
Album bUitter, op. 7 of the Reformed Lutheran chapel in Lon-
Sclierzo, op. 8 ; do., op. don, in 1782. Works : 3 Trios for piano-
54 ; PriUudien, op. 9 ; forte and
strings, op. 1 4 Sonatas for pi- ;
Zwei Kouige, ballad for anoforte Versets for the psalms for organ
;
baritone, op. 10 ; Skiz- (with Keeble) 2 Sonatas and a duo, op. 6

;
;
zen, op. 11; Adagio quasi 3 Sonatas for pianoforte and violin Organ ;
fantasia, op. 12 Lieder piece.?, op. 9

; 8 Ballads, op. 10 4 Rondos ; ;
ohue Worte, op. 13 Phantasiestiicke, op. for jjiauoforte, op. 14. Fetis ; Gerber ;
;
14 Eiu Gedenkblatt, serenade for piano- Gregoir, 102.

;
forte, violin, and violoncello, op. 15 Kleins IQRMAYR, JOSEPH, ; FRIED RICH
Lust- und Trauerspiele, op. 16 ; Neue Da- born in Munich in 1770, died at Gotha in
vidsbiindlertiinze, Legenden, op. 1814. op. 17 ; Son and pupil of Wolfgang Kirmayr
18 ; String quartet, op. 20
Aquarellen, op. (chamber musician to the Elector of Ba- ;
21 Romanzen, oj). 22 Walzer, op. 23 do., varia, died in Munich, 1795) after passing
; ; ; ;
op. 34 Still und bewegt, op. 24

; Nacht- his examinations in the law, he determined ;
bilder, op. 25 Album, op. 26 Capricen, on a musical career and visited Germany,
; ;
op. 27 Nocturnen, op. 28 Aus meinem Italy, France, Switzerland, and Holland in
; ;
Skizzeubucli, op. 29 Studieu und Stiicke, 1793. During a second visit to Berlin, in
;
op. 30 Lu Zwielicbt, op. 31 ; Aus truben 1795, he became musical instructor to the
;
Tagen, op. 32 Ideale, op. 33 Spielsachen, Princess Royal, afterwards Queen Louisa of
; ;
op. 35 Phantasien am Klavier, op. 36 4 Prussia, and of the Princess Ludwig. In

; ;
Elegien, op. 37 12 Etuden, op. 38 Dorfge- 1799 he was a bass-singer in the Royal The-
; ;
schichten, op. 39 Verwelite Blatter, op. 41 atre in Cassel, and in 1803 Conzertmeister
;
Mazurkas, op. 42 ; 4 Poloniisen, op. 43 to the Duke of Gotha. Wôrks Sonatas ; :
Blumen zum Strauss, op. 44 30 Kinder- ; for pianoforte, with violin and violoncello,
und Kiinstlertiiuze, oj). 46 Federzeichnuug- ; op. 9, 13, 21, 22, 23 ; do. for pianoforte
en, op. 47 Humoresken, op. 48
; Neue ; solo, OJ). 2, 5, Detached pieces
12, 17, 19 ;
Albumblatter, oj). 49 Au Stephen Heller, ; for do., op. 20 Themes varies (about 30;
op. 51 ; Ein ueues Klavierbucb, op. 52 works) 4 Symphonies for orchestra etc.
; ;
Florestau und Eusebius, op. 53 ; In stillen Gerber Schilling Fetis.; ;
Stunden, op. 56 ; Kindertrios, for piano- laRMS, KARL FERDINAND, born in

forte, violiu, and violoncello, op. 58 ; 60 Dresden, Dec. 20, 1824, died at Donau-
Pridudien, op. 65 Die 12 Mouate des
; wOrth, March 9, 1854. Virtuoso on several
Jabres, oj). 78 ; Sonata for trio Polonaise ; instruments, and church comp)oser, lost his
for
^
two pianofortes ^tude in C Many
^Vc/
; ;
eyesight at the age of four, and was edu-
cated in the Royal Institution for the blind,
1832-41 he made successful concert tours
;
through South Germany, and settled at

Donauworth in 1848. Works 5 Masses
Requiem, and Libera 2 Vespers Oelbergs-
andacht Te Deum 2 Misei-ere 2 Litan-
; ;
;
:
;
;
transcriptionsof songs by Brahms, Jen- ies ; Graduals for Sundaj-s and Feast-days
sen, etc.
Riemann Mus. Wochenblatt, iii. ; throughout the year Graduals and offer- ;
KIRNBERGER
tories ; Instrumental music, antl songs. Count Promnitz, at Drehna,
sic-director to
Mendel. whose death he went to Dresden, and
after
KIENBEEGEK, J OH ANN PHILIPP, became organist of the Reformed church
_^ bom at Saalfekl, in 17G7, and court organist in 1789. He
Thuringia, Api'il left in MS. many cantatas, motets, piano-
24, 1721, (lied in His sou and pupil. Fried-
forte works, etc.
Berlin, July 2G rich Georg (born Jan. 15, 17G9, died Aug.
(27), 1783. Or- 10, 1825), succeeded him as organist at the
ganist, violinist, Reformed church in 1789, and became his
contrapuntist, and assistant at the Hofkirche in 1794. Men-
famous theoretical del ; Gerber.
writer, pupil of Jo- KIRSTEN, mCHAEL, born at Losscn,
haun Peter Kell- Silesia, in October, 1G82, died at Breslau,
11 er at Griifenroda, June 28, 1742. Organist, son of a poor
*
and of Gerber at cobbler, and serf; he jjlayed dance music
Sondersliausen, ou the organ, of Meil at at country fetes on a dulcimer, saving up
Soudershausen, on the violin, then (1739) his earnings to buy a spinet ou which he
pupil of Bach at Leipsic. In 1741-50 he practised finally studied the organ at Brieg
;
was tutor and musical director in different under Kaspar Schriiter. Seven years later
places in Poland, last at the Nunnery in he was organist, cantor, carillonneur, and
Lemberg returned to Germany about court and city musician at Louvain, where
;
1751, and studied violin under Fickler in he remained fourteen years. In 1720 he
Dresden. Soon after he became violinist in became organist of the Maria-Magdalena
the royal orchestra at Berlin, and in 1758 Ka- church at Breslau. He composed organ
pellmeister to Princess Amalie. Among his music, choi-als, etc., and much dance music,
pupils were Fasch, Zelter, and Schulz. His while city musician. Mendel Gerber ; ;
compositions, consisting of cantatas, motets, Schilling ; Ft'tis.
psalms, chorals, songs, pianoforte and organ IvIST, FLORENT CORNEILLE, born
fugues, minuets for 2 violins, oboes, flutes, at Arnheim, Jan. 28, 1796, died at Utrecht,
horns, and continuo, solos for the flute, etc., March 23, 18G3. Vocal composei', learned
are very learned and correct, but unattrac- early the pianoforte, flute, and horn, but
tive, and are now forgotten. He is impor- studied medicine at Leyden, and practised
it at The Hague in 1818-25. He founded
and directed musical societies at Delft and
The Hague, settled at Utrecht in 1841, ed-
ited the Nederlandsch muzikaal Tijdschrift
until 1844, then founded the Ciicilia, which
tant,however, as a writer, and his most he conducted for about twenty years. He
prominent work is " Die Kunst des reinen was a member of many musical societies.
Satzes" (Berlin, 1774-79). Allgem. d. Works Cantata for male voices, with or- :
Biogr., xvi. 24 ; FOtis ; Gerber ; Mendel ;

chestra ; Le pclerin, cantata for children's i
Riemann ; Schilling. voices, chorus, and pianoforte ; Ernst und

KIRSTEN, JO H ANN GOTTFRIED, Freude, overture, 1842 ; many chorals,
born atLuckau, Lusatia, Sept. 5, 1735, died canons, and fugues Romances, Italian;
in Dresden in November, 1815. Organist, arias, and German melodies, with piano-
pupil of his father, the city musician, later forte, etc. He published Toestand van :
of the organist Schaden, and finally of het protestantische Kerkgezang in Neder-

Graun, in Berlin. In 175G he became mu- land (Utrecht, 1840) ; a life of Orlando
370
;
KISTLER
Lasso ; many articles in musical journals. minor Jagd-Symphonie, op. 9 (dedicated
;
Fetis ; Iliemann ; Viotta. to Mendelssohn), Leipsic, Gewaudhaus Con-

laSTLEK, CYRILL, born in Bavaria, certs, 1840 ; 8d Symphony, op. 24 Con- ;
March 12, 1848, Dra- still living, 1889. cert overture, op. 22 ; Nonet, for pianoforte,
matic composer, studied in Munich, taught flute, oboe, clarinet, 2 horns, and strings ;
a few years at the Sondershausen Conserva- Septet, for do., op. 25 ; Trio for pianoforte
torium, then settled at Bayreuth. His and strings, op. 28 ;
pianoforte music and
opera Kuiiiliild, given at Sondershausen in Slovnik naucny songs. Fetis ; Mendel ;
1884, was much extolled by the Wagner (Prague, 1859), iv. G69 Wiener allgem. ;
2)ress, but has not been produced elsewhere. Mus. Zeitg. (1844), 599, G03, G07, 616;
KITTEL, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born Wurzbach.

at Erfurt, Feb. 18, 1732, died there. May KITZLER, OTTO, born in Dresden,
9, 1809. Oi'ganist, last pupil of Johanu Se- March 26, 1834, still living, 1889. Violon-
bastian Bach became organist at Langen- cellist, pupil of Johaun Schneider on the
;
salza, and in 175(3 at the Predigerkirche in pianoforte, of Julius Otto in theory, and of
Erfurt. In spite of his great rejmtation, he Ernst Kummer on the violoncello ; finished
was obliged to eke out his miserable pay his studies at the Brussels Conservatoire,
by teaching, and as late as 1800 his pov- under Servais and Fetis. He was then for
erty compelled him to make an artistic tour three years violoncellist in the theatre or-
through nortliwestern Germany. A small chestras at Strasburg and Lyons, and
pension was given him by Prince Primas orchestra leader at Troyes. In 1857 he
von Dalberg. He honored the memory of founded a German singing society for men
his master. Bach, with atouching reverence. in Lyons was Kapellmeister successively ;
Works Neues Choralbuch (Altona, 1803) of the theatres at Linz (1858-60, and 1861-
:
Der praktische Organist, oder Anweisung 63), Kijnigsberg (1860-Gl), Temesvar and
zmu zweckmiissigen Gebrauch der Orgel Hermannstadt (1863-65), and Briinn until
beim Gottesdieust (in 3 books, 1801-8, Er- 18G8, when he became director of the Mu-
furt; 3d ed., 1831) Grand preludes for sikverein and of its music school, and con-
;
organ G sonatas, and variations for the ductor of the Mannergesangvereiu there.
;
pianoforte 24 chorals Hymne an das Jahr-

; His sonata for violoncello and pianoforte
;
hundert (1801). Allgem. d. Biogr., xvi. 45

was highly commended at Mannheim he ; ;
Fetis Gerber Mendel Iliemann

; ;wrote a Festhynmus on the 50th birthday
Schill- ; ;
ing, iv. 112 do.. Supplement, 239.

; of Johann Schneider, besides orchestral,
laXTL, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born at and vocal music. Mendel Riemann. ;
Schloss Worlik, Bohemia, May 8, 1806, died K.JERULF, HALFDAN, born Sept. 17,
at Lissa, Posen, July 20, 18G8. Dramatic 1815, died in Chris-
composer, pupil of Sawora in Prague, and tiania, Norway, Aug.
also of Tomaschek ; became director of the 11, 1868. A theologi-
Prague Couservatorium in 1843, succeeding cal student, he took
Dionys Weber, and in 18G5 retired to Pol- up music as a in-o-
nisch-Lissa. Works Operas: Daphuis' and studied at
fession,
Grab, given in Prague, 1825 Bianca und ; Leipsic on his return
;
Giuseppe, oder Die Franzosen vor Nizza he settled as music

(text by Richard Wagner), ib., 1848 Wald- ; teacher at Christiania.
blume, ib., 1852 Die Bilderstiirmer, ib., ; His sung by
songs,
1854 Solemn mass for soli, chorus, and
; Sontag, Jenny Lind,
orchestra, ib., Dominican church, 1844 ;
and Nilsson, became popular. He composed
Other masses Cantatas Symphony in D ; ; also pianoforte music for two and four hands,
KLAUS
mucli of which was published iu Berlin of the preceding, pupil of Reinecke and
(1875). His songs ami Romances are iu Richter at the Conservatorium iu Leipsic,
Norwegian, Danish, French, German, and where he also took his degree as doctor at
English. A monument was erected to his the university in 1874. He was aiîjointed
memory at Christiauia in 1874. Mendel. professor of pianoforte, theory, and the his-
KLAUS, JOSEPH, born at Seitendorf, tory of music at the Conservatorium, Co-
near Zittau, March 27, 1775, died there, logne, in 1875, and he took charge also of
March 1, 1834. Organist, pupil of Anton the seminary classes for pianoforte in 1884.
Kretschmer Grunau, near Ostritz and in
at ; He has composed overtures, chamber music,
his ninth year was able to accompany diffi- pianoforte pieces, and songs, and published
cult masses. Called Ijy his father's death several valuable treatises. His romantic
to take charge of his business, he still con- opera Das IMiidchen vom See, will be given,
tinued his musical studies, and soon be- this year, at the Stadttheater of Cologne.
came an authority in his art far beyond Riemann.
local limits. Works A little o23era 2 : IvLAVIERBUCHLEIN, DAS, two music- ;
solemn masses 3 Requiems 5 cantatas books kej)t by Johann Sebastian Bach and
; ;
;
14 psalms 6 offertories
; 4 Ave Maris his second wife, Anna Magdalena. The first
;
Stella 4 Salve Regina 2 Regina Coeli 2 is dated 1722, and was probably begun after
; ; ;
Magnificat 42 funeral chants, and other their marriage. It contains the choral, Jesu
;
church music Trio for strings Concerto meine Zuversicht, a fragment of a fantasia
; ;
for horn Nocturne for do. duos and trios for the organ, a minuet, a set of rules for
; ;
for do. Preludes for organ Sonatas, and thorough-bass, and sketches that were after-
; ;
vai'iations for pianoforte 8 marches 12 ward worked out in the French suites.
; ;
polonaises Songs. ; Futis Schilling. The second book is dated 1725, and in-
;
KLAUS, VICTOR, born at Bernburg, cludes two French suites, the C major pre-
Nov. 24, 1805, still living, 1889. Organist lude of the Wohltemperirte Klavier, two
in his native town became Kapellmeister partitas (A minor and E minor) in part I. of
;
^
to the Duke of Ballenstedt in 1837, and to the Klavieriibuug, the air in part IV., hymns, j
the Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg in 1847. He songs and arias written for Anna Magdar
was remarkable for his playing of Bach's lena, and several short jjieces written by
fugues. He jsublished symj)honies, over- her. The autograph copy of these books is
tures, chorals, songs, hymns, and organ and in the KOnigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. Bach
pianoforte music. Fotis. also arranged iu Cothen a KlavierbiichleLn,
KLAUWELL, ADOLPH, born atLangen- dated Jan. 22, 1720, for his son, Wilhelm
salza, Thuringia, Dec. 31, 1818, died at Friedemann. It contains progi'essive stud-
Leipsic, Nov. 21, 1879. Vocal and instru- ies, including preambles, the choral, Jesu
mental composer, pupQ at the seminary of meine Freude, allemandes, and many pre-
Weissenfels of Hentschel, Harnisch, and ludes that were revised for the Wohltem-
Prango taught in several villages in Sax- perirte Klavier. Sijitta, Bach, i. GGO, 755,
;
ony, in 1838-54, then for many years at 748.
Leipsic. He is known as a composer KLAVIER-UBUNG (Clavier Practice), a
through his songs for children, choruses collection of fiieces for the pianoforte or
for male voices, and pieces for 2 and 4 organ, in four parts, by Johann Sebastian
hands for young pianists. Mendel Rie- ; Bach, op. 1. I. Six Partitas ; H. Concerto,
mann. Partita ; HI. Choralevorspiele und Duetten,
KLAUWELL, OTTO, born at Langen- containing arrangements of the Lutheran
salza, Thui-ingia, 1851, still liv- Catechism Hymns IV. Aria with 30 vari-
April 7, ;
ing, 1889. Instrumental composei-, nephew ations. Bach sent an autograph copy of
372
; ;
KLEBER
the first partitca, with a dedicatory poem, to Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of
the Emanuel Ludwig, son of Friedrich Miiller began as conductor of a
cradle of ;
Prince Leopold of Saxony, who was born singing society in Westphalia, went to Italy
in 172G when Bach had just finished this in 1878 for several years, and after his
work. Bach published Part I. in 1731 and return was ai^jjointed assistant conductor
Part III. in 1736. Part U. was publish- of opera, and ducal director of music at
ed by Christoph Weigi (Nuremberg, 1735), Dessau. Works Music to Grillparzer's :
and Part IV. by Balthasar Schmidt (ib., drama, Der Traum ein Leben, frequently
1712). Published by the Bach-Gesellschaft, performed 2 symphonies Choral works, ; ;
Klavier works, vol. i. (Leipsic, 1855). pianoforte music, and songs. Riemann.
Spitta, Bach. IvLEFFEL, ARNO, born at POssneck,
KLEBER, HENRY, born, of German par- Saxe-Meiuingen, Sept. 4, 1840, still living,
entage, in Darmstadt, Germany, May 4, 1889. Dramatic conqjoser studied the- ;
1818, still living, 1889. Organist, educated ology at Meiningen, but adopted music as
in Darmstadt, where he studied the piano- a profession and became a pupil of Moritz
forte under Iguaz Franz. In 1832 he went Hauptmann at Leipsic. In 1863-67 he was
to America, and in 1838 began to teach pi- leader of the Musical Society of Riga, and
anoforte and singing in 1810-50 he was
; was subsequently Kapellmeister at the-
organist of the cathedral in Pittsburgh, atres in Cologne, Amsterdam, Detmold,
Penn., and later of the Third Presbyterian Bremen, GOrlitz, Breslau, and Stettin, of
Church In 1840 he organized the Friedrich-Wilhelmstiidtisches Theater,
of that city.
the first brass band west of the Alleghanies,
Berlin, in 1873-80, then at Augsburg and
for which he wrote a number of composi- Magdeburg. Works Des Meermanns Harfe, :
tions. In 1848 he founded in Pittsburgh opera, given at Riga, 1867 Music to the ;
an operatic singing societj'. Works Atlan- Christmas fairy tale, Die Wichtelniiiuuchen
:
;
tic Telegraph, schottisch ; Come out of the Overtures ; String quartet ; Violin and pi-
Wilderness, polka ; Hazel Dell, waltz
Rain- anoforte music Choruses for male voices,
; ;
bow Schottisch ; Target and songs. Mendel Riemann.

Stolen Kiss, galop ; ;
March, and other works for pianoforte. KLEIN, BERNHARD, born at Cologne,
KLEEBERG, CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB, March 6, 1793, died in Berlin, Sept. 9, 1832.
born at Gautsch, near Leipsic, April 12, Church composer, pupil of Zior on the
1766, died at Gera, June 22, 1811. Organ- pianoforte went in 1812 to Paris, where ;
ist ; studied theology in Leipsic, but de- he benefited by Cherubini's advice. On

voted his time chiefly to the practice of the his return to his native place he conducted
pianoforte and violin. With In 1819 he
three other the music at the
cathedral.
musical friends, and was sent oflScially to Berlin to study Zelter's
Reuter, Wagner,
Fourues, he formed a string quartet and method of instruction, and remained there
started on a professional tour they soon as professor of thorough-bass and counter-
;
separated, and he settled as teacher at point at the newly founded school for or-
Weida, and in 1790 became organist at ganists, and as director of music and vocal
Gera. Works 3 duos for violins Sonatas instructor at the university. He visited
: ;
and other music for pianoforte Concerto Italy in 1823, and in Rome became ac-
;
for pianoforte and harp Canon for three quainted with Baini. Works Operas Di-
; :
voices, with chorus and pianoforte Songs do, Berlin, 1823 Ariadne, Berlin, 1824
; ; ;

Church music, and an opera. Mendel Two acts of Irene Music to Raupach's ;
Schilling Ft-tis. ; tragedy. Die Erdenuacht. Oratorios: Hiob,

IvLEEMAN, liARL, born at Rudolstadt, Leipsic, 1820 Jephtha, Cologne, Rhenish ;
Thuringia, Sept. 9, 1848, still living, 1889. Music Festival, 1828 David, Halle, 1830 ; ;
3T3
;;
laEiN
Athalia. Cantata for Good Friday (imfiu- 2d
Valse caprice for pianoforte, op. 15 ;
isbed) ; Worte des Glaubens, cantata (1817) Pilgrimage to Kevlaar, ballad

do., op. 16 ;
3 masses ; Pater noster for eight voices in for baritone and orchestra, op. 17 Elfeu- ;
two clioirs ; Stabat Mater ; Magnificats, and milhrchen, concert-piece for pianoforte, op.
many other sacred compositions ; Sonatas, 18 ; Scenes de ballet for orchestra, op. 19 ;
and variations for pianoforte Many ballads Dreams, 5 lyric pieces for pianoforte, op.
;

and songs. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvi. 78 AU- 20 Margaret before the Mater Dolorosa ; ;
gem. mus. Zeit. Fetis Ledebur, Ton- and Margaret at the Spinning-wheel, 2 pieces
; ;
kiinstl. Lex. Berlins N. Zeitschr. f. Mus., for pianoforte, op. 21

; Romance and Spin- ;
iii. 5-201. ning Song, 2 concert-pieces for violin with

KLEIN, BRUNO OSCAR, born at Osua- orchestra, op. 22 2 sacred duets for so- ;
briick, Hanover, June prano and baritone, op. 23 2 overtures for ;
G, 1856, stiU living-, orchestra, in old and modern style, op. 24 ;
1889. Organist, son Suite for pianoforte, op. 25 Ingeborg's La- ;
and pupil on the pi- ment, for soprano with orchestra, op. 2G ;
anoforte of Musik- Sacred motets, op. 27 do., op. 28 Liebes- ; ;
direktor Carl Klein ;

lied and Ilochzeilkianye, 2 pieces for or-
then studied, at the chestra; op. 29 ; Concerto in A minor for
I\[unich Conservato- pianoforte, op. 30 Mass for chorus and ;
rium, counterjjoint un- organ, op. 31 do., op. 33 Deux morceaux, ; ;
der Josef Rlieiuberger, for pianoforte, oji. 32 do., op. 37 Trois ; ;
score-reading under do., op. 35 Sonata in C for jjiauoforte and ;
Franz Wiillner, and violoncello, op. 34 Ballade for violin with ;
pianoforte under Ciwl Baermann. When orchestra, op. 38 Romance et valse no- ;
only seventeen years old he published a ble, for pianoforte, op. 39. Published by
few compositions which elicited an encour- Schirmer (New York), Leuckart (Berlin),
aging letter from Liszt. In 1878 he went Hofmeister (Leipsic), and Pracger & Meyer
to the United States to visit a brother in (Bremen).
Philadelphia, but returned to Germany in KLEINE FREIMAURER CANTATE, for
1880 in 1881 he settled permanently in male soli and chorus, and small orchestra,
;
New York, where he has been, since 1884, text by Em. Schikaneder, music by Mozart,
organist of the College and Church of St. first performed at a Masonic festival in Vi-
Francis Xavier, and head of the pianoforte enna, Nov. 15, 1791, Mozart conducting.
department at the Manhattanville Academy It is dated Nov. 15, 1791, and is Mozart's
of the Sacred Heart. In 1888 he became last work. It is known also under the title.
also professor of counterpoint and composi- Lob der Freundschaft (Praise of Friend-
tion at the National Conservatory. Works ship). There are six numbers I. Chorus, : :
Sonata in G minor for pianoforte, op. 1 G Laut verkiinde uns're Freude H. Recita- ; ;
songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. 2 tive, Zum ersten Male HI. Tenor aria, ;
;
do., op. 3 do., op. 8 do., op. 36

; 4 songs Dieser Gottheit Allinacht IV. Recitative,
; ; ;
for mixed chorus, op. 4 6 songs for male Wohlan ihr Briider
; V. Duet, Lange ;
chorus, op. 5 ; String quartet, op. G ; Sere- sollen diese Mauern ; VI. Chorus, Lasst uiis
nade for string orchestra, op. 7 8 folk- mit geschlung'nen Hiiuden. Published by;
songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. 9 Jos. Hraschauzky (Vienna, 1792) Breit- ;
Sonata in G for pianoforte and violin, ojJ. kopf & Hilrtel, Mozart's Werke, Serie IV.,
10 5 sacred motets for mixed chorus, op. No. 3. Upton, Standard Cantatas, 279
; ;
11 4 do., op. 12 G pieces for pianoforte, Jahn, Mozart, iii. 412 KOchel, Verzeich-
; ; ;
op. 13 ; 2 notturnos for pianoforte, op. 14 ;

niss, 623.
;
:
KLEIN
KLEIN, HEminCH, boni at Rudels- lings-Phantasie, for pianoforte ; Gradual for
dorf, Moravia, iu 175G, died at Presburg 5 voices ; Songs 3 symphonies Overture
; ;
in 1830. Organist and pianist, learned to Othello ; Concert overture 7 quartets ;
contrapuntist, pujjil of Ascliermann at ZOp- for strings. He published also, Musika-

tau. He was a good organist at the age of hscher Katechisnius (Biugen, 1842). Futis ;
oigbt, but studied under Hartenschneider, Mendel Schilling. ;
organist of tbe cathedral at Olmiitz, for five IvLEINKNECHT, JACOB FRIEDRICH,

_years about 1773 he became
afterwards ; born at Ulm, June 8, 1722, died at Ans-
Kapellmeister to Count Hodicz, and some pach, Aug. 14, 1794. Virtuoso on the flute,
}-ears after settled at Presburg, where he was entered the court orchestra at Bayreuth as
a2)poiuted jjrofessor iu the National School firstflutist, and with it went in 1750 to
of Music, iu 179G. He comjjosed church Anspach, where he afterwards became its
music, and published songs and pianoforte director. Composed symphonies, con-
nuisic. He made improvements in the key- certos, sonatas, and other music for flute,
ed harmonium and invented a sjjecies of and various instruments. Fetis ; Schilling.
orchestrion. Works 12 masses Te Deum : ; ;
KLEINMICHEL, RICHARD, born at
Collection of church music for the entire Posen, Dec. 31, 1846, still living, 1889. Pi-
year ; 2 cantatas ; Fantasia for pianoforte ;
anist, pupil of his father, a
bandmaster, and
12 songs with pianoforte, etc. Allgem. d. at the Leipsic
Conservatorium (1863-66) of
Biogr., xvi. 91 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., i. 675
;
;
Hauptmann, Richter, Moscheles, Reineeke,
iv. 380 ; Dlabacz Gerber Wurzbach.
; ; and Plaidj'. He settled in Hamburg as
KLEINHEINZ, IvARL FRANZ XAVER, teacher,and in 1876 removed to Leipsic,
born at Miudelheim, Suabia, July 3, 1772, where he became music director at the
died at Pesth in 1832. Pianist, jxipil at Stadttheater in 1882. Works Manon, op- :
the convent school at Memmingen he was ; era Schloss de Lorme, do., given at Ham-
;
in the Bavarian state service, but finally burg, 1883 2 symphonies Concert over-
; ;
adopted music as a profession, and stud- ture Trio for pianoforte and strings; Other
;
ied counterpoint in Vienna in 1799 under chamber music, pianoforte pieces, and
Albrechtsberger. He became musical in- songs.
Mendel, Ergilnz., 189 Riemann. ;
structor in the family of Count von Bruns- about 1593, KLE:\LA1E, JOHANN, bom
wick Kapellmeister of the theatre at died iu 1660.
; later, Organist and church com-
Briinn, and in 1809 of one in Pesth. Works poser, pupil at Augsburg of Christian Er-
Harald, opera Der Kiifig, do. 2 orato- baeh, and at Dresden of Heinrich Schiitz.
; ;
rios ; 2 masses
Overtures, entr'actes, and In 1625 he succeeded Georg Kretzschmar
;
incidental music to various dramas, etc. ; 2 as court organist. He published German

trios 16 sonatas for jiianoforte Variations
; madrigals for four, five, and six voices
;
;
Ballads, romances, and songs. Fetis

36 fugues (Dresden, ; Ger- (Freiburg, 1629) ;
ber ; Mendel ; Wurzbach. Gerber Schilling Men- 1631). Futis ; ; ;
KLEIN, KARL AUGUST, Freiherr VON, del Burney, Hist., iii. 574 Hawkins, iv. 83. ; ;
born at his castle near Mannheim in 1794, KLEMai, FRIEDRICH, born in Vienna,
died at Assmauushausen, Feb. 13, 1870. March 29, 1795, died at Meidling, near Vi-
Amateur pianist and composer, pujDil of enna, Sept. 13, 1854. Amateur composer,
Gottfried Weber at Mannheim, and of pupil of Jacob Schauer and Josef Heiden-
Zulehner at Mainz visited Paris in 1817, reich. He was for years one of the trustees
;
and was much encouraged by Mehul, and of the Conservatorium in Vienna. He com-
after his return to Germany by Beethoven. posed masses, psalms, overtures, violin
Works Trio for pianoforte and strings quartets, songs, etc. Fetis
:
Schilling ; ;
Sonatas for pianoforte and violin Friih- Wurzbach. ;
375
; ;
KLENGEL
KLENGEL, AUGUST ALEXANDER, and then at the Theater an der "Wien. In
born in Dresden, Jan. 29, 1784, died there, 1867 he became director of the Harmonie-
Nov. 22, 1852. Pianist, son of the land- Theater, Vienna, and iu 1868 of the city
scape ^jainter Klengel, pupO. of Milchmej-er theatre at Baden. "Works Die Nixe, ro- :
and of Clementi, with whom he visited sev- mantic opera, given with great success at
eral German cities and in 1805 went to Oedenburg, Cracow, and Pesth. Operettas :
Eussia. At St. Petersbui-g, where they sep- Die bose Nachbarin, Vienna, Karl-Theater ;
arated, Klengel remained until 1811, then Die Miillerin von Marly, ib. Die beiden ;
studied iu Pai-is until 1813, when the war Stotterer, ib. Die Braut aus der Residenz,
;
induced him to go to Italy. In 1814: he ib. Fridolin, ib., Harmonie-Theater Die

; ;
returned to Dresden, played at court with tanzenden Blumen, ib., Theater an der "Wien
much success, then lived in Loudon, 1815- Die Macht der Frauen, Baden and other ;
IC, and was appointed court organist at music for the stage. Mendel.
Dresden in 1816. After that he left Dres- KLIND"WORTH, K.iRL, born at Han-
den only to visit Paris iu 1828, and Brussels over, Sepi 25, 1830, still living, 1889. Pi-
in 1851 and 1852. "Works Les avant-cou- : anist, jjupil of Liszt at "Vi^'eimar, where
reurs (Dresden, 1841) Canons und Fugen; Hans von Billow, Dyonis Pruckuer, and
(Leipsic, 1854) ; 2 concertos for pianoforte, "William Mason were his fellow-students.
op. 4, 29 ; Polonaise concertante, for piano- He lived in London, in 1854-68, as con-
forte, flute, clarinet, and strings, op. 35 ;
ductor and teacher was professor of the ;
Trio for pianoforte and strings, op. 3G pianoforte at the Moscow Conservatorium, in
Sonatas ; ;
Rondos Nocturnes, etc. Allgem. 1868-84, then went to Berlin, to conduct
d. Biogr., xvi. 159 Fetis Riemann Men- the Philharmonic concerts conjointly with
; ; ;
del Schilling.
; Joachim and Wiillner was in America in ;
KLENGEL, JULIUS, born at Leipsic, 1887-88. "Works: Fautaisie-Polouaise for

Sept. 24, 1859, 1889. Virtuoso pianoforte May song for 2 female voices,
still living, ;
on the grand-nephew of the pre- Pense-tu, que ce soit t'aimer, romance for
violoncello,
ceding pupil of Emil Hegar, and in com- tenor or soprano, etc. Far more important
;
position of Jadassohn. In his fifteenth are his literary works A critical edition of :
year he entered the Gewandhaus orchestra, Chopin do. of Beethoven's Sonatas Piano- ; ;
and at sixteen played as a vii-tuoso in Frank- forte score of "Wagner's Ring des Nibelung-
fort. He rapidly earned reputation as one en, etc. Mendel Grove Riemann. ; ;
of the most remarkable masters of his iu- KLIXG, HENRI (ADRIEN LOUIS),
strument, and became first violoncellist in born in Paris, Feb. 17, 1842, still li\dng,
the Gewandhaus orchestra, and instructor 1889. Virtuoso on the horn, and dramatic
at the Conservatorium, Leipsic. He has composer settled at Geneva, where he is ;
composed a concertino, op. 7, a concerto, op. musical instructor at several schools, and di-
10, and several other works for his instru- rector of military music. "Works Operas :
ment. Le dernier des Paladins, given at Gieneva,

KLERR, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at 1863 Les dieux rivaux, ib., 1SC4 Reine ; ;
Baden, near Vienna, iu 1830, died there, Berthe La dcesse de la liberie Le flfttiste, ; ;
Sept. 27, 1875. Dramatic composer, Ka- 1877 Le castel de EipaiUe, oiDcra-bouffe. ;
pellmeister of the theatre at Klageufurt, L'echafaud de Berthelier, f)ati"iotic scene

| ;
when only eighteen years old then succes- Music to the tragedy Huss J. J. Rousseau,
; ;
sively at Oedenburg, Presburg, Gratz, and cantata

'
Stabat Mater L'escalade de Ge- ; ;
Cracow. He was at Baden in 1856, at neve, symphonic poem Le Saleve, sympho- ;
Trieste in 1857, at the opera in Pesth three nie pittoresque Adieux de "Winkelried, elo- ;
years, at the Karl-Theater, Vienna, four years,

'
gie ; Overtures for orchestra ; Symphonie

3TG
KLIXGENBERG
concertante, for flute, oboe, clarinet, lioni, KLOFFLER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH,
and bassoon, with orcliestra; Quai'tet for died at Burg-Steinfurt, Westphalia, in 1792.
pianoforte, and strings Trio for do. Con- Flutist, Conzertmeister to the Count von
; ;
certo for born, with orchestra or fiiauoforte ; Bentheim-Steiufurt. He published 6 sym-

Many dances, auel pieces for military band ;
phonies for orchestra ; 6 concertos for
Method for the horn ; Etudes for do., etc. flute ; 6 trios for do. ; Duos for do. ; 6 so-
Mendel,
Ergiiuz., 189 Riemann.

; natas for harpsichord, etc. Gerber ; Schil-
IvLIXGENBERG, FRIEDRICH WIL- ling ; Fetis.
HELM, born at Sulaii, Silesia, June G, 1809, IvLOSE, F. J., born in London in 1790,
died at GOrlitz, April 2, 1888. Violinist, died there, March S, 1830. Violinist, son
son and pupil of the cantor and organist of and pupil of a professor of music and pupil
Sulau, then pupil at Breslau, 1820-25, of of F. Tomisch was a member of several ;
Neugebauer, Taschenberg, Ressel, and J. London orchestras. He composed ballads,

Schnabel. In 1830 he began to study the- music for ballets and melodramas, sonatas
ology at the University of Breslau, but gave for pianoforte, etc. He published, also,
it up after one j'ear, having been ajjpointed Practical Hints for acquiring Thorough-
director of the Academical Music Society, Bass (London, 1822). Mendel Fctis. ;
which he conducted for six years. He was IvLOSE, HYACINTHE ELEONORE,

subsequently leader of the Kiinstlerverein, born in the island of Corfu, Oct. 11, 1808,
and in 18-10 became cantor of St. Peter's died in Paris, Aug. 29, 1880, Clarinetist,
at Giirlitz. In 1844: he was made roj'al pupil of Berr, in Paris, whom he succeeded
director of music. He composed church in 1839 as professor at the Conservatoire.
music ; A symphony, ouvertures, and other He formed many distinguished pupils, and
instrumental inusic ; Choruses, songs, etc. perfected his instrument. He became pro-
Mendel ; Fetis. fessor of clarinet at the Gymnase Musical
laiNGENSTEIN, BERNHARD, com- Militaire, and chef de musique in the 10 tb
poser cif the first half of the 17th century. legion of the Garde Nationale. He pub-
Monk, music director in the Cathedral of lished a great deal of military music, soli,
Augsburg about IGOO, where his MSS. are '
duos, fantaisies, etudes, and a method for
preserved. His printed works were Trino- : clarinet. Fetis ; do., Sujjplement, ii. 42 ;
diarum Sacrarum (Dilliugen, 1G05) Sym- ; Mendel ; Riemann.

phoniarum, etc. (Munich, 1607) Rosetum ; KLOSS, JOSEF FERDINAND, born at
Marianum, etc., 33 songs for 3 voices (Mainz, Berusdorf, Moravia, Feb. 10, 1807, still
1G09; Augsburg, 1G84). Mendel Gerber; ; living, 1889 (?). Organist and church
Fetis ; Burney, History, iv. 575 ; Stetten, composer, entirely self-taught without ;
Kunstgeschichte, 539. even knowing the notes, he played the

KLINGOHR, JOSEPH AVILHELM, organ in the church of his native village,
born at Tropplowitz, Silesia, Sejjt. 11, then at Freiberg, and at Olmiitz, where he
1783, died, Jan. IG,com- 1814. was much aided by Emil Titl. In 1834 he
Pianist ;
posed sonatas for pianoforte, with flute and went to Vienna, founded the Erste Lieder-
violoncello, as early as 1803. During a tafel in 1837, and was for many years very
stay in Breslau he was influenced by his active in promoting the culture of church
friendship with Carl Maria von Weber and music. He was organist of the church of
Berner. In 1810 he became Kapellmeister Maria am Gestade in 1849-54, and at the
to the Prince of Anhalt-Pless. He pub- university, where he also sang and led the
lished sonatas, variations for four hands, choir, in 1850-58. Works Quadricinium :
polonaises, marches, 4-part songs, church ecclesiasticum, containing Pater noster, :
music, etc. Mendel Fetis Schilling.

; Ave Maria, 7 hymns ad missam per hebdo-
;
377
; ;
KLOSS
madem, 7 do. ad benedictionem, 5 do. de poser, pupil of Thielc on the pianoforte, and
Beata Maria Virgiue, 16 hymus and anti- of Diedicke in theory, at Dessau (18G3-GG),
plious for various seasons and feasts, Missa then of Blassmann
solemuis, Missa pro defunctis, litany de and Adolf Reichel at
B. M. v., Hymnus Ambrosianus, and, as Dresden. At the age
suijplemeut, a Metbodus brevis et facilis of twenty he became
cantum ecclesiasticum addiscendi Tantum ;
Kapellmeister at the
ergo Veni sancte Spiritus Regina creli,
; ; theatre of Posen, then
and many otber works for the church, num- at Liibeek, and four

bering about 100. Allgem. wiener mus. years at Weimar,
Zeitg. (1843), No. G Wurzbach.
; where he was apjîoiut-
IvLOSS, KARL JOHANN CHRISTIAN, ed director of music to
born at Mohrungen, Prussian Saxony, Feb. the grand duke. In
8, 1792, died at Riga, April 2G, 1853. Or- 1873 he became Hof-Kapellmeister at Neu-
ganist and pianist, pupil of his father, and strelitz, and in 1882 at Dessau. Works
at Sangerhausen of the organist R^kliger. Operas Mirjam, op. 23, given at Wei-
:
He became organist and instructor at mar, 1871 Iwein, Neustrelitz, 1879 Gud-
; ;
Seena, but went to Halle about 1808, to run, ib., 1882 Die Hochzeit des Monchs,
;
study under Tiirk, after whose death in Dessau, 1887 ; Doruriischen, IMiircheu for
1813 he went to Leipsic, became vioUnist soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 8 ; Overture
in the Gewandhaus orchestra, and finished and entr'actes to Calderon's Life a Dream ;
his studies under Matthiii. He also ap- Overture to Geibel's Sophonisbe Huldi- ;
peai'ed successfully' as a pianist in Lcij^sic, gungs-Ouverture, oi). 24 Die Wacht am ;
whither he returned after a year's absence Rhein, Siegesouvertiire, op. 2G Leonore, ;
as violinist in the orchestra at KOuigsberg. symphonic poem, op. 27 Waldwebeu, sym- ;
In 1818 he became organist of the Lutheran phony Im Friihliug,

; concert overture, op.
church at Elbing, where he founded a sing- 30 ; Symphony in F minor, op. 34 do. ;
ing society some years later he was music

; in D, op. Festmarsch for orchesti-a, op.
37 ;
director at Dantzic, returned to Leipsic, 33 ; Suite for do., op. 40 Conzertstiick for ;
and lived for two years at Dresden, then oboe with orchestra, op. 18 Quintet for ;
led a wandering life, giving organ recitals pianoforte and sti-ings, op. 43 Quartet for ;
and lectures. Temporarily he was music strings, op. 42 ; Trio, op. 47 ; Schilflieder,
director, and instructor in the household 5 Phantasiestiicke for pianoforte, oboe (or
of Prince von Cai-olath in Silesia, 1838 violin), and violoncello, op. 28 ; Die Grenz-
organist at Kroustadt, Transylvania, 1839 ;
berichtigung, for male chorus, op. 25 ; Pi-
at Eperies, Hungary, etc. "Works Sonatas
: anoforte pieces, and 8 books of songs, op.
for pianoforte and violin, op. IG, 25 do. 14, 20-23, 29, 31. Mus. Wochenblatt,
; 12,
for pianoforte solo, op. 23, 27, 29 Miscel- ; 417 vi. 503 x. 164, 180 xiv. 4, 18, 32,
iv. ; ; ;
laneous mufsic for pianoforte, op. 3, 5, 14, 42, 54 N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1884), 78.
;
24, 2G Several collections of motets for 4

; IvNAPTON, PHILIP, born at York,
voices and organ 3 suites of choruses, with England, in 1788, died there, June 20,
;
organ Choral, op. 2, and other pieces, for 1833. Pianist, pupil of Dr. Hague at Cam-
;
feast days, op. 7, for organ Several collec- bridge.

; Returned to York and taught mu-
tions of songs. Mendel Schilling do.. sic, and was assistant conductor at the York
; ;
Supplement, 240 Fetis.

; Festivals in 1823, 1825, and 1828. Works :
KLUGHARDT, AUGUST (FRIEDRICH Overtures for orchestra; Concertos for pi-

MARTIN), born at KOthen, Anhalt, Nov. anoforte and orchestra Sonatas for piano- ;
30, 1847, still living, 1889. Dramatic com- forte Arrangements for do. and harp
;
378
;
KNECUT
Songs, part-songs, ete. Hifs song, There be died in London, June 1, 1887. Organist,
none of Beauty's Daughters, was long in pupil of Corfe, at Bristol. He visited the
favour.
Grove Fetis. ; United States in 1839-41, and brought out
KNECHT, JUSTIN HEINRICH, born at there his Rocked in the Cradle of the
Biberacb, Wiirtemberg, Sept. 30, 1752, Deep, sung with great success by Braham,
died there, Dec. 1, 1817. Organist, church, and his Why chime the bells so merrily ?
and dramatic composer, first instructed by was then, two years, vicar and organist at
his father in singing and on the violin, then St. Agnes, in the Scilly Isles. After marry-
pupil of Kramer While ing he lived abroad some time, but re-
in thorough-bass.
studying philology at Essliugeu (from 1768) turned to England and devoted himself to
he profited much by the advice of music composition. He left about two hundred
director Schmidt, whom he also substituted songs, among the most popular of which
at the organ. In 1771 he was elected music were Of what is the old man thinking?, :
director and organist at Biberach, where he She wore a wreath of roses, The Veteran,
instituted regular concerts, and won rejmta- Beautiful Venice, Say, what shall my song-
tion as a composer and theoretical writer. be to-night, and The Dream. Grove.
In 1807 he became Hof-Kapellmeister at KNIGHT OF SNOWDOUN, THE. See
Stuttgart, but resigned in 1800 and re- La Donna del Lago.
turned to his native town. He was a good KNOW YE NOT ? See Wisset ihr nicht ?
pianist, and besides the violin played the KNUPFER, SEBASTIAN, born at Ascha,
flute, oboe, horn, and trumpet. As an or- Bavaria, Sept. 6, 1633, died at Leipsic in
ganist he was considered the equal of Vogler, 1676. Church composer, one of the early
and as a composer and theoretical writer cantors of the Thomasschule, Leipsic first ;
excelled him. His Tongemillde der Na- instructed by his father, who was cantor
tur is interesting ou account of its simi- and organist of Ascha, then studied at
larity in plan to Beethoven's Pastoral Sym- Ratisbou (1646) under the patronage of
phonj'. Works Operas
Der Erudte- Balthasar Balduin, ephorus of the diocese,
:
kranz Der lahme Husar

; Die Eutfiihruug and later at Leipsic, where he became can-
;
aus dcm Serail Die treuen Kiihler Pyg- tor at the Thomasschule in 1657. He had
; ;
malion Der Kohleubrenner Die Aeols- the reputation of one of the soundest contra-
; ;
harfe Scipio vor Karthago

; Feodora. puntists of the 17th century. His church
;
Symphonies Le portrait musical de la na- music, madrigals, canzonets, etc., were pub-
:
ture (1784) ; Don Quixote ; Der Tod des lished at Leipsic. In the royal library,
Priuzen Leojjold von Braunschweig Die Berlin, are some church cantatas in MS. ;
unterbrochene Hirtenwonne, sonata for ov- Allgem. d. Biogr., xvi. 332 Fotis Ger- ; ;
gan Mirjam und Deborah, concert duet ber Mathesoo, Ehrenpforte, 142 Winter-
; ; ;
(1780) Das Lied von der Glocke The 23d feld, Kirchengesang, ii. 555.
; ;
psalm, for 4 voices and orchestra The 6th KNYVETT, CHARLES, the younger, ;
psalm, for several voices The 1st psalm, for born in London, 1773, died there, Nov. 2,
;
voice and organ for double 1852.

;
Organist, son of Charles the elder
Te Deuui
chorus and orchestra Do. for 4 voices and (1752-1822, organist of the Chapel Royal),
;
orchestra Hymn to God, cantata for 4 pupil of William Parsons in singing, and of
;
voices, 2 violins, viola, and organ Music for Samuel Webbe on the pianoforte and organ.
;
pianoforte, for flute, and for organ Songs. In 1801, with his brother William, and;
Allgem. Ger- with Greatores and Bartleman, he revived

d. Biogr., xvi. 278 ; Fetis ;
ber ; Mendel ;
the Vocal Concerts founded by his father
Schilling.
KNIGHT, JOSEPH PHILIP, born at and Samuel Harrison became organist of ;
Bradford-ou-Avon, England, July 26, 1812, St. George's, Hanover Square, in 1802. For
379
; ;
KNYVETT
more than twenty was considered also a method for j)ianoforte (1782), and one
yeai's lie
the best accompanist in London. Works for violin (1788).Dlabacz Fetis Gerber : ; ; ;
Selection of Psalm Tunes (1823) Songs for Wurzbach. ;
tbi'ee and four voices.

Grove Fetis Eie- KOCH, BERNARD, born at Amsterdam
; ;
mann. in 1791, died there, July 30, 1858. Violin-

KNYVETT, WILLIAM, born in Loudon, ist and dramatic composer, pupil of Ber-
April 21, 1779, died there, Nov. 17, 1856. telman, Stassens, and Biuger, then at The
Tenor singer, brother of Charles Kuj-vett Hague of Navoigille. He made his first ap-
sang at Concerts of Ancient Music, in the pearance at the court concerts, and was a
treble chorus in 1788, as ijriucipal alto in member of Louis Bonaparte's orchestra until
lido became gentleman of the Chapel Royal 1810 then returned to Amsterdam to teach,
; ;
in 1797, and later lay vicar of Westminster conducted a musical society, and later the
;
was appointed composer of the Chapel orchestra of the German and Italian opera.
Royal in 1802. He was a distinguished Works La mere Ganz et I'oeuf d'or, opera, :
singer for about forty years. In 1832-40 he given at Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotter-
conducted the Concerts of Ancient Music, dam, and Leyden Der hOlzerne Siibel, op- ;
in 1834-43 the Birmingham Festivals, and eretta. The Hague, 1830 Das gestohlene ;
iu 1835 the York Festival. Works : Glees, Lammchen,

Pumpernikel, not given
do. ; ;
among others. When the fair rose (1800), Jane Grey, historical scene Benjamin, bib- ;
O my loves like the red, red rose, and. The lical scene, Amsterdam ; De verlatene, can-
Bells of St. Michael's Tower ; Anthems for tata, ib. ; Moederliefde, do. (prize of the Mu-
coronations of George IV. and of Victoria. Elegy
sical Society of the Netherlands) ;
Grove Fetis Riemann.

; ; on the death of Mendelssohn De dood ;
KOBELIUS, JOHANN
AUGUSTIN. van J. Van Speijk Prijs-fantazie and varia- ;
born at Wtihlitz, near Halle, Feb. 21, 1G74, tions (prize of Pliilharmonic Society) Quar- ;
died at Weissenfels, Aug. 17, 1731. Or- tet for strings Romances, etc. Fetis, Sup- ;
ganist, pupil of Nicolaus Brausen and plement, ii. 43 Gregoir, Biogr., 109 ;
Schieferdecker on the pianoforte, and for Viotta.

three years of Johanu Philipp Krieger in KOCH, JOHANN AUGUST CHRIS-
composition. He became chamber musician TOPH, born at Zerbst in the early part of
at Weissenfels ; then city organist at Sanger- the 18th century. Violinist, director of the
hausen in 1712, director of the Chapel of royal opera bufla in Potsdam from about
the Holy Cross at Querfurt in 1713, and in 1774 to the end of the century. He had
1725 Kapellmeister to the Duke of Saxe- travelled a great deal as director of differ-
Wei.sseufels. He produced several operas ent troubles, and before coming to Potsdam
iu Weissenfels (171G-29), and left iu manu- was in Hamburg for a number of years.
script church music, overtures, concertos, He composed operettas, songs, etc. trans- ;
sonatas, serenades, cantatas, etc. Fetis ;

lated Philidor's opera, Le bilcheron, very
Gerber ; Mendel ; Schilling ; Walther. successfully iu the original metres. Men-
KOBRICHT, JOHANN ANTON, born at del ; Schilling.
Raudnitz, Bohemia, in 1720, living there as KOCHER, KONRAD, born at Diziugen,
organist in 1788. He was organist also in Wiirtemberg, Deo. 16, 1786, died (?). Dra-
Laudsberg, Bavaria. He composed many matic composer, pupil in St. Petersburg,
short masses for the use of country churches where he went when seventeen years old, of
for three or four voices, withtwo violins Clemeuti, Klengel, and Berger on the piano-
and organ, besides other church music 3 forte, and of J. H. Miiller in counterpoint.
;
collections of sonatas for pianoforte ; Pre- On his return to Germany the book-seller
ludes and fugues for organ. He published Cotta became interested in his composi-
380
;
;
KOIIAUT
tioDS, and furnisbed him means for a pro- much applause for his organ playing.
longed sojourn in Kome, where, by the help Works 12 church cantatas 12 choral :
;
of Baini, he studied the musical treasures works with orchestra 9 overtures 2 sym- ; ;
of the Sistiue Chapel. He was organist at phonies Many compositions for organ and ;
the Stiftskirche, Stuttgart, about 1827, and pianoforte Motets for men's voices, etc. ;
founded there the Liederkranz Society. Fetis Schilling do., Supplement, 243 ; ;
Works Operas Der Elfenkouig, given at Schlesisches Tonkiinstler-Lexicon, 128.

:
Stuttgart ; Der Kiifig, ib. ; Der Tod Abels, KOHLER, LOUIS (HEINRICH), born at
oratorio, Leipsic, 1819 ; a quartet for piano- Brunswick, Sept. 5,
forte and strings ;
-1 sonatas for pianoforte ;
1820, died at KOnigs-
Cantatas and motets for 4 voices Songs 28 berg, Feb. 17, 1886.
; ;
melodies in the Wiirtemberger Choralbuch Pianist, pupil of Soune-

(Stuttgart, 1828). He published also Die mann, and in theory of
Tonkuust in der Kirehe, etc. (Stuttgart, Zinkeisen the elder
1823) ; a Method for pianoforte, a treatise and of Leibrock, on the
on composition, entitled Harmonik, die violin of Zinkeisen the
Kunst des Tonsatzes (Stuttgart, 1858-59), younger, then in Vienna
and Die Zionsharfe, a choral work. Men- (1839-43) pupil of Sech-
del Fetis Schilling, Ciicilia, ii. Ill ix. 8. ter and Seyfried in theory, and Bocklet on
; ; ;
KOHAUT, JOSEPH, born in Bohemia in the pianoforte. He was then Kapellmeister

173G, died in Paris in 1793. Dramatic at the theatres of IMarienburg, Elbing, and
composer and lute player. He was a trum- (1845-4G) Kiinigsberg, where he settled in
peter in the Austrian service, deserted, and 1847 as teacher, director of a school for
fled to Paris, where he became chamber pianoforte plaj'ing, conductor of a singing
musician as lute player to the Prince de society, and musical critic was ajipointed ;
Couti. He played at the Concerts Sjîrituels professor in 1880. He was one of the most
in 17G3. He composed several operas-co- zealous pianoforte teachers of our time the :
miques : Le seiTurier ; La bergere des heir, so to speak, of Carl Czerny. With

Alpes ; Sophie, ou le mariage cache ; etc., Liszt, Wâgner, Biilow, etc., he founded,
all given at the Comedie Italienne. ser- and really was the prime mover in the Le
rurier was produced ou German stages. foundation of, the Allgemeiner Deutscher
also
Dlabacz Fetis do., Supjilement, ii. 44: Musikvereiu at Leipsic, 1859. W'orks
; ;
Gassner Mendel Schilling Wurzbach.

; ;Operas Prinz und Maler, Vienna, ab. 1844
; :
;
KOHLER, ERNST, born at Langenbie- Maria Dolores, Brunswick, 1844 Gil Bias ;
;
lau, Silesia, May 28, 1799, died in Breslau, Der Zauberkomponist, ballet, ib., 1846 Mu- ;
May 26, 1847. Virtuoso on the organ, and sic to Helena, of Euripides, Vienna, 1843
pianist, pupil of his brother-in-law Haupt- Overture to Phormio, of Terence, ib. Sym- ;
mann, who was cantor at Langenbielau phony Quartet Cantata Vaterunser, for ; ; ; ;
studied composition at the age of fourteen 4 female and 4 male voices, op. 100 Songs, ;
under the cantor F. A. Kiihler at Peters- and about 300 works of pianoforte music,
waldau. In 1815 he went to Breslau, stud- principally of an instructive character. He
ied pianoforte under Berner, and violin un- contributed to all the German musical peri-
der FiJrster became assistant organist of odicals, and published several didactic works
;
the St. Elisabethkirche in 1817, and suc- and critical essays. Mendel N. Zeitschr. ;
ceeded Berner in 1827. He visited Vienna f. Mus. (1886), 99 Riemanu Signale (1886), ; ;
in 1829, Hamburg in 1830, Berlin, Leipsic, 273.

and Dresden in 1834, the Hartz and the KOLB, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at
Erzgebii'ge in 1837, winning everywhere Neudettelthau, Franconia, Aug. 31, 1743,
381
:
;
KOLB *
died in tbe early part of the 19th century. tour de Jean, was given at Warsaw, 1854.
'
Instrumental composer, supposed pupil of Mendel Sowinski, 318 Fetis. ; ;
Josef Haydn ; while in Paris in 1782 he KOLLM.ANN, AUGUST FRIEDRICH

published six quartets for two violins, viola, KARL, born at Engelbostel, Hanover, in
and violoncello afterwards lived at Fiirth,
; 1756, died in London in November, 1824.
near Nui-emberg. He
published quintets, Organist, puj)il at Hanover of J. C. Biittner ;
quartets, trios for wind instruments Con- in 1778 went as tutor to London with a
;
certos, rondos, variations, etc., for jsiano- wealthy family, in 1782 became instructor
forte, and left in manuscript vocal music. and sexton, and in 1792 organist, at the Ger-
Mendel ; Gerber ; man Chapel of St. James. Works The
Schilling ; Fotis. :
KOLB, JULIUS VON, born Munich Shipwreck, or the Loss of the East India-
in
in 1831, died there in 18GL Pianist, pupil man Halsewell, symphony 12 analyzed ;
of the Leipsic Conservatorium in 1848- fugues Rondo on the chord of the di- ;
51. He appeared as pianist in several minished seventh Melody of the 100th ;
cities ; lived in Berlin in 1853-55, then Psalm, with 100 harmonies ; Introduction
gave chamber music concerts with the vio- to modulation Analyzed symphony Con- ; ;
loncellist "Wohlers, and returned to Munich certo for pianoforte and orchestra First ;
as professor of pianoforte at the Conserva- beginning on the pianoforte (1796). Books

torium. He composed many salon pieces Essay on Practical Harmony (1796) Essay ;
in the bravura and songs. Mendel.

style,
on Practical Musical Composition (1799)
KOLBE, OSCAR, born in Berhn, Aug. Practical Guide to Thorough-Bass (1801) ;
10, 1836, died there, Jan. 2, 1878. Com- Vindication of a passage in ditto (1802^ ;
poser and theoretical writer ;

pupil in the New theory of Musical Harmony (1800) ;
Royal Institute for Church Music (1852-54) Second Practical Guide to Thorough-Bass
of Loschorn, A. W. Bach, and Grell, then (1807) Quarterly Musical Register, only
;
for two years pupil of the Royal Academy. two numbers (1812) Remarks on Logier ;
He received several premiums for his works, (1824). Grove Riemann Mendel Fe- ; ; ;
and was instructor in theory at Stern's tis Gerber Schilling. ; ;
Conservatorium in 1859-75. His oratorio, KOMAN, HEINRICH, born at Warsaw

Johannes der Tiiufer, given in Berlin, in 1828, still living, 1889 (?). Pianist, pu-
1872, won him the title of royal music di- pil of his father, a bandmaster, then of
rector. He published pianoforte music Eisner at the Conservatorium of Warsaw,
and songs, a hand-book on Thorough-bass where he became pi'ofessor of pianoforte.
(18G2), and one on Harmony (1873).
Men- He published sonatas, nocturnes, im-
del ; Riemann Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 45.
; promptus, concert-waltzes, etc. Mendel,
KOLBERG, OSCAR, born in Poland in Ergiinz., 193 Fetis, Sujjplement, ii. 45. ;
1814, still living, 1889 (?). Pianist, pupil KOMARENSKAJA, for pianoforte for
of Rungenhagen and Girschner in Berlin three hands, by Glinka, written in 1839-40 ;
(1835-37), then settled at Warsaw, to teach same title, piece for orchestra, by Glinka,
music. His compositions are mostly writ- 1847. Published by Schlesinger (Berlin).
ten on the national music of Poland be KO:\IM HOFFNUNG. See Fidello.
;
made many journeys and researches in or- KOMM, MECSf JESU, UND ER-
der to collect the original airs and songs QUICKE, duet in E-flat major, for soprano
of his country. He iûblished several col- and bass, with accompaniment of organ and
lections of Kujawiaks, Mazurkas, Krako- continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's can-
wiaks, etc., besides etudes a collection of tata, /(/) hatte viel Bekiimmerniss, Part H.
;
Polish songs, under the title, Pie&i ludu KOMM, SUSSES KREUZ, aria in D
(Lemberg, 1842-45). His operetta, Le re- minor for the bass of Coro I., with accom-
;
KOMIMT
paniment of viola di gamba, orgau and con- I'anged for mixed choii', and a mass, Tota
tinuo, in Joliaim Sebastian Bach's Faanon pulchra es, for do. Mendel, Ergiiuz., 191 ;
nacb Matthiius (No. GB). In Franz's edition Viotta.

of the score the viola di gamba part is tran- KONIG ALFRED, opera in four acts, by
scribed for violoncello solo. Joachim Raff, first rei:)reseuted at the Court
KOMMT, IHR ANGEFOCHT'NEN Theatre, Weimar, under Liszt's direction.
SUNDER, alto aria in A major, with Itwas written in Stuttgart in 1847, but was
accom2:)animent of flute, sti'ings complete, remodelled forits production. Transcrip-
organ and continuo, in Johann Sebas- tion by Liszt (Magdeburg, 1855). Neue
tian Bach's cantata, Freue dich, erlOste Zeit. fiir Mus. (42), 170.
ScLaar. KONIG ERICH, ballade for chorus with
KOMilT, mil TOCHTER, treble chorus piianoforte accompaniment,
by Rheinberger,
in E minor, two orchestras, in Johann op. 71. Pubhshed by Simrock (Berlin, be-
v^'ith
Sebastian Bach's Pa.'isioii uach Matthiius tween 1868 and 1873).

(No. 1). Coro I. rejjresents the Daughters KONIG MANFRED, opera in five acts,
of Ziou, Coro 11. the Believers at intervals text by F. Ruber, music by Carl Reinecke,
;
a third chorus in unison (soprano ripieuo) op. 94, represented in Wiesbaden, July 24,
sings the choral, O Lamm Gottes unschul- 18G7. Performed in Leipsic, Ajjril 23,
dig, the melody of which is by Nicolaus 1885. Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel
Decius (died 1.541). (Leipsic, 1868). Signale (1885), 468 Mus. ;
KONEN, FRIEDRICH, born at Rhein- Wochenblatt (1885), 331.

bach, near Bonn, April 30, 1826, died at Co- KONIG STEPHAN, vorspiel with cho-
logne, July 6, 1887. Church comjjoser, pupil rus, text by Kotzebue, music by Beethoven,
of his fatlier on the pianoforte and organ, op. 117, written for and first jDerformed at
antl of Biermann on the violoncello. He be- the opening of the new theatre in Pesth,
came a priest in 1854, founded the choir of Feb. 19, 1812. The subject is King Ste-
the Catholic Vocal Society of Cologne was f)han, Hungary's first benefactor. Overture ;
;
sent to Ratisbon by Cardinal von Geissel, I. Chorus, Ruhend von seineu Thaten
in 18G2, to study church music under the II. Chorus, Auf dunklem Irrweg in fiustern
cathedral Kapellmeister Schrems and Pro- Haiuen IH. Siegesmarsch IV. Chor der ; ;
fessor Witt. On his return he became vo- Frauen, Wo die Uuschuld Blumen streute ;
cal instructor in the archbishop's seminary, V. Melodram VI. Chorus, Eine neue strah- ;
and director of the cathedral choir. Mem- lende Sonne VH. Maestoso con moto ;
ber of the Cilcilia Society in 1860 founded, VHI. Geistlicher Marsch IX. Schlusschor.
; ;
same year, in Cologne, a diocesan vocal so- A sketch of the work is owned by Paul
ciety of which he became first president. Mendelssohn, and the original MS. by Ar-
Works 2 masses for male choir .5 do. for taria & Co. The Philharmonic Society of
: ;
mixed choir the 41st Psalm Other chui-ch London bought the MS. of the overture in
; ;
music, etc., Te Deum Collection of motets 1815. Published first by Haslinger (Vienna,
;
for mixed choir Latin and German hymns 1828) by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven
; ;
for female voices Orgau accompaniment Dramatische Werke, Serie 20, No. 4. Over-
;
to the Cologne Kyriale 25 songs with ture and Siegesmarsch arranged for two pi-
;
pianoforte. His brother Heinrich (born, anofortes for eight hands by Winkler (Me-
June 6, 1827, died at Cologne, June 16, chetti, Vienna). Thayer, Verzeichniss, 1G7 ;
1865) followed the same course of study, Nottebohm, Verzeichniss, 112. Lenz, Beet-
also became a priest, and did much for hoven, vol. ii. Part IV. 127 Marx, Beet- ;
the promotion of church music. He pub- hoven, ii. 179 Hanslick, Coucertwesen in ;
lished a collection of old canticles, ar- Wien, ii. 352.

;
KOXIGIN
KONIGIN MARIETTE, comic opera in Benedictine monastery of Priifening, took
tliree acts, text and Geiit'e, music holy orders in 1734, and remained there as
by Zell
by Ignaz Brilll, first represented in Munich, organist and director of music until his
June 16, 1883 in Leipsic, Nov. G, 1884. death. Works Masses, and other church
; :
Subject from the French. Signale (1883), music Der wohlunterwiesene Klavier-
;
1089. schiiler (Augsburg, 1755) Fingerstreit ;
KONIGIN VON SABA, DIE (The Queen Oder Ivlavieriibung durch ein Prseambulum
of Sheba), German opera in four acts, text und Fugen (ib., 1760). Fetis Gerber ; ;
by Mosenthal, music by Goldmai-k, op. 27, Schilling.

first represented at the Hofopern theater, KONIGSSOHN, DER (The King's Son),
Vienna, March 10, 1875. The subject is ballad by Uhland, for solo voices, chorus,
the Queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon. and orchestra, by Robert Schumann, op.
Original cast : 116, written in June, 1851, first performed
at the ninth concert of the Allgemeiner
Die KOuigin von Saba Frau Materna.
Musikverein in Diisseldorf, May 6, 1852 ;
Sulamith Frl. Wilt.
Salomo Herr Beck.
in Leipsic, March 5, 1853. I. Feierlich, D
minor H. Lebhaft, B-flat IH. In miis-
; ;
Assad Herr "Walter.

sigem Tempo, A minor IV. Sehr lebhaft, ;
Der Hohe Priester Herr Eokitansky.

F-sharp minor (later, F-sharp) V. Ziemlich ;
First represented at the Metropolitan Opera langsam, B minor (later, B) \T!. Feierlich ;
House, New York, Dec. 2, 1885 bewegt, G.

: Published by F. Whistling
(Leipsic, 1853).
Die Konigin von Saba. Frau Kramer- Wiedl.
Frl. Lilli Lehmann.
KONINCK, SERVAAS DE, Dutch com-
Sulamith
poser, died in Amsterdam about 1720. He
Astaroth Frl. Brandt.
published choruses for Racine's Athalie ;
Salomo Herr Kobinson.
Motets for one and four voices with instru-
Assad Herr Stritt.
mental accompaniment ; Trios for different
Der Hohe Pxiester Herr Fischer.
instruments ; 12 flute sonatas with bass
Published by
Pohle (Hamburg, 1876). Ballet music, etc. Fetis Gerber Schilling. ; ;
Signale 257
(1875), Mus. Wochenblatt; KONING, DAVID, born at Rotterdam,
(1875), 175 Hanshck, Musikalische Statio- March 19, 1820, died at Amsterdam, Nov.
;
nen, 298 Athenaeum (1875), i. 465 Krehbiel, 6, 1876.

; Pianist, pujîl of Hutschenruijter,
;
Beview (1885-86), 54. and at Frankfort (1834-38) of Aloys

kOnigslOwe, johann wilhelm Schmitt. Having visited Vienna, Paris, and
VON, born in Hamburg, March 16, 1745, London, he returned to his native city, re-
died in Ltibeck, May 14, 1833. Organist, ceived a prize from the Netherland Musical
pupil of his father, and at Lflbeck of Adolf Society in 1839, and settled, in 1840, at Am-
I
Karl Kunzen, becoming his assistant at the sterdam, where he became director of the
Marienkirche in 1773 and his successor in Felix Meritis Choral Society, and was secre-
1781, and holding that position for fifty tary of the Ciicilia in 1848-58, and its presi-
years. He founded a singing school. Com- dent in 1858-62. Member of the Accade-
posed several small oratorios Organ and mia di Santa Cecilia, Rome, 1844. Works
; :
pianoforte music, mostly remaining in MS. Het Visschersmeisje, comic oisera (prize of
Mendel Gerber Schilling Fetis.
; ; Music Society of the Netherlands)
; Do- ;
KONIGSPERGER, Pater F. MARIANUS, mine salvum fac, op. 1 Overture, op. 7 ;
born at Boding, Upper Palatinate, Dec. 4, (prize, 1839) 12 chorals, op. 8 Hymn for ; ;
1708, died at Priifening, near Ratisbon, chorus, soli, and pianoforte, op. 13 Aurora, ;
Oct. 9, 1769. Organist, educated at the chorus for 4 female voices Hymn for 4 ;
384
(
I
;
;
KONNEN
female voices Dodccachorde, 12 chorals
; bestknown is Le reveil du lion, which has
for 4 voicesHuwelijks feestvieriug, for
; made the round of the world, in its origi-
mixed voices, with piauoforte ; Elegy on nal shape, as well as arranged for orchestra.
the death of an artist, op. 22 String quar- ; Other works Les deux distraits, opera,
:
tets, sonatas for pianoforte, etudes, songs, given in London, 1872 An oratorio ;
etc. Fetis; Gregoir, Biogr., 110; Eie- Masses Overtures

; Symphonies 2 con- ; ;
mann ; Schilling, SuiJi^lement, 245. certos for pianoforte with orchestra. So-
KONNEN THRANEN JIEINE WANG- winski, 322 ; Schilling ; Wurzbach.
EN, aria in G minor for the alto of Coro KONTSia, APOLLINARY DE, born at
II.,with accompaniment of violins in uni- Warsaw, Oct. 23, 1825, died there, June 29,
son, organ, and continuo, in Johann Sebas- 1879. Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of his
tian Bach's Pattsion nacli Matthiius (No. Gl). brother Charles (1815-67), played concertos
KONNTE JEDEB BEAYE MANN. See by Rode and other masters, when only four
Zauherfiolc. years old, and made such a favourable im-
KONRADIN, DER LETZTE HOHEN- pression on Paganiui, after his second pub-
STAUFE (The Last Hohenstaufen), German lic appeai'ance in Paris, that the great
opera in three by E. Reiuicke, master undertook his further instruction,
acts, text
music by Ferdinand Hiller, represented at and afterwards left him his violin and com-
Dresden, Oct. 13, 1847. positions in his will. Having travelled
KONRADIN, KARL FERDINAND, Aus- through France, he was equally successful
trian composer, contemjjorary, who brought in Germany, 1848, ajipeared in St. Peters-
out the following works in Vienna Goliath, burg, 1851, also with brilliant success, and
:
operetta, May, 18G4 Eiu junger Caudi- in 1853 became solo virtuoso to the Czar
;
;
dat, operetta, Oct. 20, 186G Turandot, op- in 1861 he settled at Warsaw, where he
;
eretta, Nov. 29, 18G6 and at Munich, Ein founded the Conservatoriuni, and was its
;
erster Versuch, 18GG.

Fotis, Supplement, director until his death.
i. His compositions
196. for the violin, consisting of pieces de salon,
KONTSKI, ANTOINE DE, born at Cra- caprices, mazourkas, etc., have no especial
cow, Oct. 27, 1817, merit. Fctis Sowinski, 32G Mendel ; ;
still living, 1889. Wurzbach.

Pianist, pujiil at KOPPRASCH, WENZEL, born, probably
Warsaw of Johann in Bohemia, about the middle of the 18th
Elarkeudorf, and at ceuturj-. Bassoonist, member of the
Moscow (1830) of prince's orchestra at Dessau,where he
Field. After many composed the ojaera. Finer jagt den Andern,
concert tours he for the court theatre. He published 2 con-
lived in Paris until certos for bassoon, arias with variations
1851, and then in for do., aU with small orchestra ; 6 waltzes
Berlin for about two for pianoforte. Mendel; Gerber; Fetis.
years, and was made court pianist in 1854- KOPEZnVA, KARL,
; born at Zitolib, Bo-
67 he lived in St. Petersburg, whence he hemia, Feb. 9, 175G, died there, March 15,
made many professional tours, and went to 1785. Organist, son and f)upil of Wenzel
London to teach the higher grades of pi- KoprKwa (1708-90), and pupil of Segert
anoforte jjlaying. He visited the United in Prague. His church music, 7 masses,
States, and gave a series of concerts in 1885- motets, etc. 12 symphonies, 8 concertos ;
86. Among his numerous compositions for organ, preludes, fugues, remain in MS.
for the pianoforte, brilliant and full of tech-
Mendel Gerber Schilling Wurzbach ; ; ; ;
nical difficulties, but of no high order, the Fetis.

KOPllZIWA
KOPKZRVA, WENZEL, called Uitica, KOEBER, GEORG, born at Nuremberg
born at Brdlocb, Boliemia, Feb. 8, 1708, in 1550, died at Altdorf in 1620. Church
died at Zitolib, probably in 1790. Organ- composer, assistant teacher at the College
ist, studied at the DoUhopffamous of St. Loreuz, Nuremberg
school, magister at ;
at that time. He lived in Prague for a Altdorf in 1601. He published motets for
long time, was called to Zitolib as rector of 3 voices in Tyrocinium musicum (Nurem-
the college and organist, which positions he berg, 1589) Disticha moralia, 5 voc. (ib., ;
retained for more than sixty years. His 1599) Benedictioues Gratiarum, i voc.
;
church music, consisting of masses, offer- (ib.). Mendel;

Gerber; Schilling Fi'tis. ;
tories, litanies, vespers, etc., known in Bo- KOSCHAT, THOMAS, born at Viktring,
hemia as Urtica's, was never published. Carinthia, Aug. 8, 1845, still living, 1889.
Mendel ; Gerber Schilling "Wurzbach
; ;
Bass singer and vocal composer studied
;
;
Fetis. medicine at the University of Vienna and

KOEBAY, FRANCIS ALEX.\NDER, was induced by Heiurich Esser to become
born in Budapest, chorus singer at the court opera led the ;
Hungary, May 8, chorus, and was also in the court chapel.

184G, still living, He became known in 1871 by his quartets
1889. Pianist and for men's voices, and attained great popu-
singer, first in- larit}'. In 1875 he organized the Kiiruthner
structed by his pa- quintett with some of his fellow singers.
whom Among his favourite compositions ai'e Am
z'ents,both of
were distinguished Wiirthersee, eiue Walzeridylle Eine Bau- ;
amateurs, and pu- ernhochzeit in Kilrntheu (1879) Ivirchtags- ;
Roger in sing- bilder aus Kiirnthen (1880). He afterwards

pil of
ing, of i\Iichael Mo- combined his most famous vocal composi-

'
sonyi and Robert tions in the Liederspiel, Am WiJrthersee,
Volkmann in composition studied the which was given with great success in Vi-
;
higher branches of music under Liszt, who enna, and many provincial theatres. He has
was his godfather. In 18G5-68 he was a composed over two hundred works. Mendel,
tenor singer at the National Opera House Ergiinz., 193 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 46. ;
in Budajjest, then travelled in Germany, KOSPOTH, OTTO KARL ERD^HANN,

England, an<l America as a concert pianist, Freiherr VON, born at Miihltroff, Saxony,
and in the autumn of 1871 settled in New middle of the 18th century. Pianist and
York, to teach the pianoforte and singing. dramatic composer. After travelling several
He has also made a specialty of giving years in Italy he became roj'al chamber-
vocal recitals here and in Boston, in which lain at the court of Prussia, and secular
he plays his own accompaniments. Works canon of Magdeburg. Works Singspiele
: :
Nuptiale, for full orchestra, repeatedly per- Der IiTwisch Adrast und Isidore Bella
; ;
formed by the orchestras of Thomas, Seidl, und Fernando, oder die Satyre (1790) Der ;
and Gericke Le Matin, for a voice and Miidchenmarkt zu Ninive (1795) Oratorio,
; ;
pianoforte, arranged for orchestra by Liszt given in Venice, 1787 Symphonies, quar- ;
(Paris) Duets for soprano and contralto tets, trios for strings, overtures, concertos
;
(Paris and Leipsic) Collection of Hun- for different instruments, serenades, songs,
;
garian folk-songs, ti-anscribed for the jîauo- etc. Mendel ; Gerber ; Schilling ; Fetis.
f orte (London, 1889) Pianoforte pieces and
; KOSSMALY, KARL, born in Breslau,
songs, among which the Schilflieder (Reed- July 27, 1812, still living, 1889. Comiwser
Songs), a cycle of 5 lyric poems by Lenau, and writer on music, pujjil of Ludwig Berg-
deserve es^Decial mention. er, Zelter, and Bernhard Klein in Berlin.
386
KOTIIE
He was appointed director of the united Paris for three years with Liszt, and after
theatres of Wiesbaden and Mainz in 1830, his return settled at Breslau, whence he
of the New Opera, Amsterdam, in 1834, of went to Konigsberg as Conzertmeister in
the theatres of Detmold and Bremen in 1848. On a concert tour through Russia
1841-44, and of the city theatre of Stet- and Siberia he accepted a position as music
tin in 1846-49. Since tlien he has lived in director in 1856 at Uralsk, where he was
Stettin, teaching, conducting concerts, and killed by accident at the chase. Very few
writing for musical periodicals. Of his com- of his compositions, consisting of concertos
positions, consisting of symphonies, over- for the vioHn, string quartets, songs, etc.,
tures, and other instrumental and vocal have been pubh.shed. Mendel Riemann ; ;
music, only songs and part-songs have been Fctis, Supplement, ii. 44.
published. As a writer he is a prominent KOTZOLT, H EI N RICH, born at
adversary of the new German tendency. Schnellenwalde, Silesia, Aug. 26, 1814, died
Fetis ; Mendel Riemann.
; in Berlin,
Bass singer, July 2 (3), 1881.
KOTHE, BERNHAED, bornGrObnig, pupil of his father, with whom he went in
at
Silesia, May 12, 1821, still living, 1889. 1826 to Posen, where he became chorister in
Church composer, pupil at the Royal Insti- the cathedral. In 1834 he began to study
tute for Church Music of Berlin and of A. theology at Breslau, but gave it up and
B. Mars. He became in 1851 church music went to Berlin in 1836, obtained a position
director and vocal instructor at Oppelu, and in the Kiinigstildter Theater, and studied
in 18G9 instructor of music at the seminary composition under Dehn and Rungenhagen
in Breslau, where he founded the Ciicilien- until 1838, when he was engaged as bass
verein for church music. He has comf)osed at the City Theatre of Dantzic, and on leav-
masses, motets, organ music, and published ing the stage lived there as teacher until
Musica sacra, a collection of hymns for 1842. After several concert tours he be-
male voices Singtafeln, for instruction in came first bass-singer in the cathedral
;
schools ; a vocal method, and two books on choir, Berlin, in 1843, studied the organ
music. Mendel ; do., Ergiinz., 194 ; Rie- under A. W. Bach, and counterpoint under
mann. Dehn, founded a singing society, which
KOTT, FRANZ FRIEDRICH, born at bears his name, in 1849, and in 1862 be-
Klein-Zbieschitz, Bohemia, Ajnil 15, 1808, came assistant director of the cathedral
died (?). Pianist and organist, pupil of choir. He was apjjointed royal music di-
Dionys WeberCouservatorium, rector in 1866, and professor in 1876. He
at the
Prague, then Moravia, published instruction books for the school
settled at Briinn,
where he became organist of the cathedral, he directed in Berlin, an a cappella method
and was a favourite teacher of the piano- which went through six editions, and a col-
forte for many years. Works : Zizka's lection of songs for school choirs. His pub-
Eiche, opera, given with great success at lished compositions are: The 54th psalm,
Brtiun, 1842, 1843, afterwards at Prague ;
for double chorus a capjjella ; Lobet den
Dalibor, do., Prague, 1847 Heiden, for eight voices Te
(?) ; Several Herru alle ;
masses, oratorios, cantatas, overtures, cho- Deum, and Macte senex for full choir uni-
ruses, etc. Mendel ; Wurzbach. sono, and small choir in four parts, a cap-
KOTTLITZ, ADOLPH. born at Treves, pella. Mendel Riemann.
;
Sept. 27, 1820, died at Uralsk, Siberia, Oct. KOTZWARA (Koczwara), FRANZ, born
20, 1860. Violinist, pujnl at the age of five in Prague about 1750, died in London,
of Fischer, Kapellmeister of the cathedral ;
Sept. 2, 1791. Violinist and pianist, played
appeared in public three years later, and at in Gallini's orchestra in Ireland in 1790,
Cologne at the age of sixteen went to and in a baud at the Handel Commemora-
;
387
;
KOZELUCII
tion in London
in May, 1791. He was a Works
Operas Le Mazet, Vienna, 1780 :
;
dissipated,though clever man, and little is Didone abbandonata, ib., ab. 1795 Judita, ;
known of him beyond the fact that, while o la liberazione di Betulia Deborah und ;
in gay company, he allowed himself to be Sisara Ottone, heroic ballet Die Bege-
; ;
hanged for the jest of the thing, and was benheiten Telemach's auf der Insel der
cut down too late. Works The lialtJe of Kalypso, characteristic tableau (1798)
: ;
Prague, for pianoforte, with vioUu, violon- Mose in Egitto, oratox'io, Vienna, 1787
cello, and drum 12 trios for strings 3 Krouungs-Cantate, Prague, National Thea-
; ;
serenades for violin, with violoncello and tre, 1791 ; Joseph, der Mensehheit Segen,
two horns ; duos for flute and violin ; 3 cantata ; Denis' Klagen auf den Tod Maria
sonatas for pianoforte and violin 3 sona- Theresiens, do. ; ; 24 ballets 3 pantomimes
; ;
tinas for pianoforte Songs. Fetis Ger- 30 symphonies

; ; ; 50 concertos for piano-
ber ; Grove ; Wurzbach. forte ; GO sonatas and trios for pianoforte,
KO:ÊLUCH (Kotzeluch), JAN .\NTON- violin, and violoncello ; G concertos for vio-
IN, born at AVelwaru, Bohemia, Dec. 13, loncello ; 2 do. for clarinet ; 2 do. for horn ;
1738, died in Prague, Feb. 3, 1814. Dra- 6 quartets for strings 7 collections of min- ;
matic and church composei', studied at uets, etc., for pianoforte Several collections ;
Prague, then was choirmaster at Rako- of German and DlabaczItalian songs, etc. ;
nitz and at Welwarn, whence he returned to Fetis Gerber Schilling Wurzbach All-
; ; ; ;
Prague, and studied comisosition under Se- gem, wiener mus. Zeitg. (1841), No. 127-
gert. To perfect himself he went to Vien- 129.
na, where he was kindly received by Gluck KOZLOWSKI, IGNAZ PLATO, born
and Gassmann, and studied recitative under at Vinnitsa, Podolia, in 1786, died in War-
Hasse. On bis return to Prague he was saw in 1859. Pianist, pupil of John Field
appointed choirmaster of the KreuzheiTn- in St. Petersburg taught successively in ;
kirche, and in 1784 Kapellmeister of the his native place, in Warsaw, St. Petersburg,
cathedral. Works Alessaudro uell' Indie, Moscow, and Odessa. He wrote an opera,
:
opera, given in Prague, 1774 Demofoonte, JIarylla published a collection of Polish

; ;
do. ; La morte Gioas, re songs, which became very popular in Po-

d' Abele, oratorio ;
di Giuda, do., performed in the Ki'euzherni- land, polonaises for pianoforte, etc. His
kirche, Prague, 1777 Masses for four voices most important work is a pianoforte method
;
and orchestra for every Sunday and feast in Polish (Warsaw). Sowifiski, 338 Men- ;
day in the year Several solemn masses and del Fetis.

; ;
grand vespers for festivals 5 Requiems KOZLOWSKY, JOSEPH, born in War-

;
;
110 graduals and offertories 147 motets saw in 1757, died in St. Petersburg, Feb.
;
for the entire year Litanies, anthems, etc. 27, 1831.

; Instrumental and vocal composer.
Dlabacz Fetis Gerber Mendel Schil- After serving in several musical capacities
; ; ; ;
ling Wurzbach.
; in Poland he went to Russia and became
KOlÊLUCH (Kotzeluch), LEOPOLD, aide-de-camp to Prince Dolgoruki in the
born at Welwarn, Bohemia, in 1754, died war against the Turks. Prince Potemkin
in Vienna, May 7, 1818. Dramatic and took him under his protection and intro-
instrumental composer, cousin of the pre- duced him at the court of Catherine H. in ;
ceding studied jurisprudence at Prague in time he became music director of the im-
;
17G.5, but took up music as a profession in perial theatres, and held this position also
1771, and became music-master of the under Paul L and Alexander L until 1821,
Archduchess Elizabeth in Vienna in 1778. when he was pensioned, and lived in St.
In 1792 he was appointed court Kapellmeis- Petersburg tiU his death. He was a clever
ter and composer, succeeding Mozart. and prolific composer and left a great nuin-
;
KRACHER
ber of cantatas, choruses, and polonaises, voices and full orchestra ; Do., for tenor and
written for court occasions, overtures and bass, with full orchestra ; Dixit, for 6 voices
incidental music to dramas, songs, etc. and do. etc. Fetis. ;
His masterpiece was the Requiem comj)osed KRAFT, ANTON, born at Rokitzan, near
for the obsequies of the last King of Po- Pilsen, Bohemia, Dec. 30, 1752, died in Vi-
land, Stanislas Poniatowski, in 1798. So- enna, Aug. 28, 1820. Virtuoso on the vio-
winski, 337 Fetis. ; loncello, pupil at Prague of Werner, after-
KRACHEE, JOSEPH aiATTHIAS, born wards in Vienna of Haydn in composition.
at Mattighofen, Salzburg, Jan. 30, 1752, died Was musician to Prince Eszterhazy in 1778
at Koehl, ib., Church com- -90, to Prince Grassalkovics in 1790-95,
about 1830.
poser entered the choir of the convent of and to Prince Lobkowitz in 1795-1820.
;
Fiirstenzell at the age of nine was cantor With bis son Nikolaus he made concert ;
of several places, and in 1772 became organ- tours to Berlin and Dresden in 1792 and
ist at Seekirchen, which jiositiou he held for repeatedly afterwards. Works Concerto :
forty-two years, exchanging it afterwards for violoncello and orchestra G sonatas for ;
for a similar one at Kochl, near Hallein. violoncello and bass Divertissement for ;
On the advice of IMichael Haydn he studied do. 3 duos concertants for violin and vio- ;
composition through the W'orks of the great loncello 2 duos for two violoncellos. ;
masters, and from 1775 composed a great Dlabaez Fc'tis Gerber Mendel Schil- : ; ; ;
deal of church music, much used, but never ling Wurzbach. ;
published. Works (in 1803) 22 masses, KR.AFT, NICOLAUS, boru at Eszterhaz,

:
4 Requiems 21; graduals 15 offertories

; Hungary, Dec. 14, 1778, died at Stuttgart,
; ;
2 Te Deum 6 Tenebrto ; 1 Vesper de May 18, 1853. Violoncellist, son and pupil
;
Beata 20 Vesper-hymns
; 4 litanies, etc. of Anton Kraft, whom he accompanied on
;
Biogr. Schilderuugeu Salzburger Kiiustler still young, then for his concert tours while
(Salzburg, 1821), 117 year inipil of Duport in Berlin.
; F6tis ; Wurzbach.
He a
KRAFF, fflCHAEL, born in Franconia played with Mozart in Dresden, 1789, and
about 1580. Vocal composer, famous in settled in Vienna in 1790 was one of Prince ;
his time. He is known by Die neun Musen Karl Lichnowsky's famous quartet party
mit acht stimmeu imd Geueralbass (Dil- which first introduced many of Beethoven's
lingen, IGOG) ; Missfe, 12 vocum (1624) Sa- works chamber musician to Prince Lob-
; ;
crte concentus, 2, 3, 4, 7 vocum (Ravens- kowitz, who sent him to Berlin in 1801, to
burg, 1624). Fi'tis ; Gerber. study with Louis Duport. He gave con-
KRAFFT, FRANgOIS JOSEPH, born and in Leipsic, Dresden, Prague, at certs there,
Brussels, July 22, 1721, died at Ghent, Jan. and Vienna, where he entered the orchestra
15, 1795. Church composer, was chorister of the opera in 1809 was engaged by the ;
in Ghent, and then music teacher in Brus- King of Wiirtemberg for his chapel, in
sels. Became director of music at Saint- Stuttgart, in 1814. He undertook a con-
Bavon's, Ghent, in 17G8. Works Mass for cert tour with Hummel in 1818, and one :
8 voices and organ 3 Te Deum for do. with his son Friedrich (born 1807), who had
;
;
]Mass for 4 voices and do. 2 masses for 5 inherited the talent of father and grand-
;
voices and do. Mass for orchestra Con- father, in 1821. An accident to his hand
; ;
fitebor chorus with orchestra

tibi, for obliged him togive up playing, in 1834,
Beatus vdr, for do. Lretatus sum, for do. ;
;
when he was pensioned. Works 5 con- :
2 Laudate pueri, for do. Ave verum, for ; certos for violoncello ;Polonaise for do. and
do. Dixit, for small orchestra Ave Regina
; orchestra, op. 2 ; ; Bolero, for do., op. 6 ;
Ccelorum, for do. O salutaris, for 5 voices Scene pastorale for do., op. 9 Rondo a la
;
;
with orchestra O Sacrum Convivium, for 8 chasse, for do., op. 11 3 divertissements
;
;
KRAHMER
progressifs for 2 violoncellos, op. U ; 6 he was appointed Kapellmeister, and in this
duos for do., op. 15, 17 ; Fautaisie for vio- capacity conducted the operas with dia-
loucello, with quartet, oj). 1. Fctis ; Men- logue. He has published symphonies, over-
del ; Schilling ; "Wurzbach. tures, string quartets, violin solos, cantatas,
KRAHMER, JOH.AJSTN ERNST, born at songs, hymns, etc. Mendel Fetis, Supple- ;
Dresden, March 30, 1795, died in Vienna, ment, ii. 40.

Jan. IG, 1837. Virtuoso on the oboe, pupil KUANZ, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born
of Kummer, and Jackel. He en- at Weimar in 1754, died at Stuttgart in
Krebs,
listedwith the Saxon volunteers in 1814, 1807. Violinist, pupil of Gopfert imtil 1781,
but could not endure the hardships of the when he was sent by the duke to finish
campaign, and returned to Dresden, whence his studies in Italy, where he enjoyed con-
he went to Vienna in 1815 as first oboist siderable reputation as a violinist re- ;
in the opera orchestra became turning in 1787, he lived in Munich for a

; in 1822 he
also a member of the imjierial court and year, then became second Conzertmeister
chamber music. His compositions, which of the court orchestra in AVeimar, and suc-
won great admiration as jjlayed by him in ceeded Zumsteeg as KaiDellmeister in Stutt-
his concerts, remain in MS.
Fctis Men- gart in 1803. ; He composed a violin con-
del Schilling "Wurzbach.
; ;
certo (1807), music to the Gross-Cophta, and
KU.\K.\MP, EMM AN TELE, born at Pa- other dramas, a concerto for viola (1778),
lermo, Feb. 3, 1813, died at Naples in No- songs, etc. Mendel Schilling. ;
vember, 1883. Flutist, pupil of his father, KRAUS, JOSEPH MARTIN, bom at
a director of military music. He made eon- Mannheim in 1756, died at
Stockholm, Dec.
cert tours to Messina, Catania, and ^lalta 15, 1792. ;
Dramatic composer, pupil of Abt
and and Can- Vogler on the pianoforte and in composi-
visited Mexico, the Antilles,
ada, returning to Naples in 1837, when he tion studied at several universities and
;
became bandamster of the 92d Regiment finally went to Stockholm, where his talent
of Corfu, and in 1811 assistant inspector of soon won the notice of Gustavus HI., who
classes at the Conservatorio San Pietro a sent him in 1784 to Italy to study. Two
Majella, Naples, and solo flute to the Count years later he joined the king there, and
of Syracuse. In 1818 he went to Rome, be- went with him to Rome and as court Ka-
came bandmaster of the first Roman legion, pellmeister to Vienna, whence he went to
and after the fall of the republic made finish his studies in Paris, and remained
other concert tours in 18G0 he became there until 1789. Works Dido and J^neas,
; :
professor in the Conservatorio Albergo de' Swedish opei'a, given in Stockholm, 1790 ;
Poveri, Naples. He composed about 255 Interludes to the comedy Amphitryon Can- ;
works for flute, a method and studies for tata for the funeral of Gustavus HI.; Sym-
do., also methods for clarinet, oboe, and phonies String quartets Quintet for wind
; ;
bassoon, which are introduced in all the instruments Canons, arias, songs Stella
; ;
conservatories of Italy.
Mendel, Ergiinz., cceli, motet with instruments Pianoforte ;
li)4 ;Futis, SiippU'raeut, ii. 10. music, etc. Gerber Mendel Schilling ; ; ;
KRAMER, TRAUGOTT, born at Coburg, Fotis.

Nov. 19, 1818, still living, 1889. Violinist, KRAUSE, ANTON, born at Geithain,
pupil at the Conservatorium of Prague in Saxony, Nov. 9, 1834, still living, 1889.
1834-37, became court musician, and first Pianist, pupil of Spindler, Friedrich Wieck,
violinist of the ducal orchestra of Coburg and Reissiger in Dresden then studied ;
and Gotha, and in 1851 Conzertmeister. at the Leipsic Conservatorium in 1850-53.

He founded and conducted for many years He became conductor of the Leipziger Lie-
a string quartet society in both cities later dertafel in 1855 succeeded Karl Reinecke
; :
390
;
KRAUSE
at Barmen in 1859, in tliP direction of tlie studied at the teachers' seminary, Weis-
city Gesangverein, Gymnasiiil-.SiliigercLor, 1851-54. He was a teacher in
senfels, in
and Concordiaconzerte 1854 at Hettstildt, where he organized a
\vaf3 afterwards appoint- singing society appeared first as a singer
;
ed royal music director. at Halle in an oratorio, went to Berlin in

Works 2 operas Ky-: ; 1858, sang at the Bach Society concerts and
rie, Sanctus, and Ben- in the Siugakademie, and made a reputation
edictusfor chorus, solos, as an oratorio singer there and at concerts
and orchestra 10 son- ; ia Leipsic, Zeitz, Gera, Dresden, etc. He
atas, 60 etudes, and was appointed principal teacher of a iûblic
other music for piano- school in Berlin, vocal instructor of the
forte ; Songs. Men- cadet corps, and director of the society for
del; Fetis, Supplement, ii. 47 Riemann. church nuisic a cappella. He is musical re-
KRAUSE, CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED, porter for the Deutsche Rundschau, the
born at Winzig, Silesia, in 1719, died in Reichsbote, and the Berliner Zeituug, and
Berlin, July 21, 1770. Instrumental and has published string quartets, songs, quar-
vocal composer, pupil of his father, who was tets for male voices, choruses for mixed
city musician
studied law in Breslau and
;
voices, etc. Mendel.
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, went to Berlin in KRAUSS, BENEDICT, born in Salzburg
1747, was at first secretary to General von in the first part of the 18th century, died in
Rothenburg, and from 1753 attorney to tlje the early part of the 19th century. Church
magistrate and at the French district court. and dramatic composer, Kapellmeister to
He composed symphonies, concertos, trios, Duke Clemens of Bavaria ; then director of
and other instrumental music, cantatas, the court theatre at Weimar in 1785.
odes, and songs, all left in MS. He was Works
Die Pilgrime auf Golgotha, orato- :
author of Von der musikalischen Poesie rio Die SchOpfung, cantata Amor's Zu- ; ;
(Berlin, 1753), and other writings.

Men- fiille, operetta Symphonies, and other in- ;
del Gerber Schilling Fetis.

; ; strumental music
; Italian and German ;
KRAUSE, EmL, born in Hamburg in arias Songs, etc. Mendel Gerber Schil- ; ; ;
1810, stih living, 1889. Pianist and writer ling Fi'tis. ;
on music, pupil at the Conservatorium, KRAUSSE, THEODOR, born at Weimar,

Leipsic, of Hauptmann, Rietz, May 31, 1822, died at Minister, March 10,
1858-GO,
and Richter then taught 18G8. Pianist, pupil of Topfer on the or-
Mo.scheles, Plaidy, ;
the pianoforte and theory in Hamburg, gan and in theory, and in Paris (1839-41)
where he became professor at the Conser- of Kalkbrenner on the pianoforte made ;
vatorium in 1885. Works 3 cantatas concert tours through Russia, Sweden,

:
;
Ave Maria for female double chorus in six Denmark, Holland, Germany, finally settled
parts Chamber music Songs Beitriige at Minister to teach music, and with Bis-
; ; ;
zur Teehnik des Klavierspiels, op. 38 and ping founded in 1853 a musical institute,
57 Aufgabenbuch fiir die Harmonielehre. which is still flourishing. His comj)ositions
;
Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. 47 Rie- are chiefly studies and other instructive
; ;
mann. music for pianoforte. Mendel.

KRAUSE, THEODOR, born at Halle, KREBS, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at
May 1, 1833, still living, 1889. Baritone Ueberancheu, Baden, April 12, 1774, died
oratorio singer, pupil of Eduard Mautius at Stuttgart, Oct. 2, 1851. Tenor singer
and Martin Blumner in singing, of Greger, of reputation, pupil of Weiss at Donau-
Naue, E. Hentschel, and Grell, later of Mo- eschingen made his debut in Stuttgart, ;
ritz Hauptmann in Leipsic, in theory. He 1795, and was a great favourite until he
891
;
KREBS
retired from the stage in 1823. He com- sic,
and songs. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 99 ;
posed many songs and pai-t-songs, which Futis Mendel Schilling.

; ;
were very popular. Allgem. d. Biogr., KEEIBE, JOHANN KONEAD, born at

xvii. 98 Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; ; ; Gotha, Aug. 15, 1722, died at Ballenstiidt,
KREBS, JOHANN LUDWIG, born at Oct. 25, 1780. Instrumental composer, pu-
Biittelstiidt, Thuringia, Oct. 10, 1713, died pil ofGeorg Benda studied also in Berlin
;
at Altenburg in 1780. Organist of great and Dresden, and in 1765 became Kapell-
fame, sou and jûpil of Johanu Tobias Krebs meister to Prince Friedrich Albrecht von
(1G90-1759, cantor and organist) entered ; Bernberg, at Ballenstiidt. Composetl church
the Thomasschule, Leipsic, in 1726, and for music, symphonies, concertos for pianoforte
nine j'ears was the favourite pupil of Bach. and for violin, quintets, quartets, trios, and
After studying j)hilosophy at Leipsic for other instrumental music. His son Benjamin
two years, he became organist at Zwickau in Felix Friedrich (born April 3, 1772, died
and court organist about 1840?) entered the court orchestra at
1737, at Zeitz in 1744,
at Altenburg in 175G. Works Klavier- Ballenstiidt in 1787 as violinist, was a pupil
:
libungen (Nuremberg, 1743-49) Concerto of Bust and Agthe, became Couzcrtmcister,

;
for pianoforte Sonatas for pianoforte and and in 1834 Hof-Kapellmeister. Of his
;
flute ; Trios for flutes ; Suites, preludes, compositions, several concertos for various
etc., for pianoforte ; Organ music Vocal instruments, and music for
;
violin, were
church music. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 9G published. ^leudel
;
Gerber ; ; Schilling ;
Fctis ; Schilling. F6tis.

KEEBS, KAEL AUGUST, born at KREIPL, JOSEPH, born in Austria in
Nuremberg, Jan. IG, 1805, died in Vienna, June, 186G. Tenor
1804, died in Dresden, singer, and vocal composer lived in Ham- ;
May IG, 1880. Pian- burg, Schwerin, and later in Linz (1847).
ist, son of August and He became famous through his song. Das
Charlotte Miodcke, Mailiifterl, written to the words of Kles-
but adopted on the heim.
Mendel I'V'tis, SupjDk'meut, ii. 49.
;
death of his mother by IvEEISLERIANA, eight pieces for piano-

by Robert Schumann, oj). 16, com-
Johaun Baptist Krebs; forte,
pupil of Schelblc, and, posed in 1838 and dedicated to Chopin.
in 1825, of Seyfried Title from Ernst T. A. Hoffmann's Fantasio-
at Vienna. He jjlayed stiicke in Callots Manier (Bamberg, 1814),
concertos by Mozai-t, Dussek, Kies, etc., and it is thought that in the figure of Ka-
when only six years old, and composed his pellmeister Kreisler Schumann reflected
first opera, Feodore, at the age of seven himself. I. Aeusserst bewegt, in D minor ; ;
was Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater in n. Sehr innig und nicht zu rasch, in B-

Hamburg from 1827 to 1850, court Kapell- flat Intermezzo 1, in B-flat Intermezzo 2, ; ;
meister at Dresden until 1871, and then in G minor HI. Sehr aufgeregt, in G ;
conductor in the Catholic court chapel. minor rV". Sehr langsam, in B-flat; V. ;
His second wife, Aloysia Michalesi, was a Sehr lebhaft, in G minor VI. Sehr langsam, ;
celebrated opera singer, and his daughter, in B-flat \IL Sehi* rasch, in C minor ;
Mary Krebs, is a distinguished pianist. \Trr. Schnell und spielend, in G minor.

Works Silva, oder die Macht des Gesanges, Published by C. Haslinger (A'ienna, 1838)
:
;
opera, given in Hamburg, 1830 Agnes, F. Whisthng (Leipsic, 1850) and Gustav
; ;
der Engel von Augsburg, do., ib., 1834, re- Heinze (Leipsic, 1858). Nos. I. and MIL
written and given inDresden, 1858 and arranged for jîanoforte for four hands, by
1863 ; Masses ; Te Deum Pianoforte mu- Gustav Heinze (Leipsic).
;
; :
;
krejCI
KEEJCf, JOSEPH, born at Milostin, bis native place,whence he went once more
Bolieinia, Feb. G, 1822, died in Prague, to Munich, and wrote a mass and a festive
Oct. 19, 1881. Organist and cburcli com- overture for tbe return of the victorious
poser, jjupil of Josepb Kutban, on tbe pi- German army. "Works Operettas Der :
anoforte and otber instruments, at Senomat, Onkel aus der Lombardie Hilnsel uud Gre- ;
wbere be substituted the leader of tbe town tel, Miircbenspiel Der Vetter auf Besucb, ;
orchestra, when only thirteen years old. given in Munich, Hoftheater Die Kreuz- ;
Through his acquaintance with Cbladek, fahrer Das Orakel in Deljjbi Die Geister ; ;
organist at Kakonitz during those years, he des Weins Der Rotbmantel Die Frauzo- ; ;
made a close study of Bach's works. In sen in Gotha, romantic comic opera Lands- ;
1837 he went to Prague, became a pupil of knecbtlieder, and other songs, duets, etc.
Fiihrer at the organ school, taking tbe first
Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 122 Mendel. ;
prize, although he was tbe youngest scholar, KREJISER, EDUARD, born in Vienna,
and private puj)il of Vitasek in composition April 10, 1838, still living, 1889. Vocal
and instrumentation, and after that teacher's composer, became conductor of tbe Miin-
death studied theory under Joseph Prokscb. nergesangverein in 1869, and composed
In 1844 he became organist and in 1853 for it a number of choruses, which have be-
choir director of tbe Kreuzberrn Church, come very popular in many places. Otber
having meanwhile acted in tbe latter capac- works Eine Operette, oj)eretta given in
:
ity at the Minoriten Church, in 1848-53. Pestb, 1875 Orchestra, and pianoforte mu- ;
He was appointed instructor of harmony and sic, and songs.

organ at tbe new Bohemian School in 1849, IvRENN, FRANZ, born at Dross, Nether
director of tbe Organ School in 1858, and Austria, Feb. 2G, 181G, still living, 1881).
director of tbe Conservatorium in 18G5. Organist, pupil of Seyfried in Vienna in
He was equally remarkable as an organist, 1834 was organist in several churches of
;
leader, and teacher his compositions for Vienna, then became Kapellmeister at St.
;
the organ rank among tbe best in modern Michael's in 1862, and j)rofessor of har-
times. Otber works An oratorio Masses : mony in the Conservatorium, 1869. Works
; ;
Te Deums Antiphons, etc. Overtures for Bonifacius, oratorio

; ; Die vier letzten ;
orchestra Quartets for male voices Songs, Dinge, do.

; ; Cantatas 15 Masses, 3 Re- ; ;

etc. Mendel; Slovnik naucny (Prague, quiems, Vespers, and other church music
1859), iv. 981 Wurzbaeb.
; One symphony Several quartets Piano- ; ;
KREMPELSETZER, GEOKG, born at forte and organ music Songs, and cho- ;
Yilsbiburg, Bavaria, April 20, 1827, died ruses Method for the organ Vocal method
; ;
there, June 9, 1871. Dramatic composer for schools, etc. Mendel Riemann. ;
was established as a cloth-maker when he KRETSCHMER, born at EDMUND,

adopted music as a profession, and at the Ostritz, Saxony, Aug,
age of thirty became a pupil of Franz Lach- 31, 1830, still Hving,
ner at Munich later on he found a friend 1889.
; Organist and
and adviser in Josef Rbeiuberger. Win- dramatic composer,
ning success as a composer of songs, an first instructed by bis
operetta, and comic scenes for tbe Akademie father then in Dres- ;
Singing Society, he became assistant Ka- den pupil of Julius

pellmeister of the Actientbeater in 1865; Otto and Johann
then lived for a time privately in Munich, Schneider. In 1854
went as Kapellmeister to GOrlitz in 1868, be became organist of
and to Berlin and Konigsberg in 1870. tbe Catholic court chapel, and in 1863 court
His serious illness caused bim to return to organist he founded the Ciicilien-Verein, ;
KRETZSCIIMAII
and 1850-70 conducted several musical member of the royal chapel. Works Op-
in
societies. At the international competition eras Le forgerou de Bassora, 1813 Le :
;
in Brussels, 18G8, he was awarded the first portrait de famille, 1814 La perruque et la ;
prize for a mass, and in 187J: won signal redingote (with Kreutzer), 1815 La jeuue ;
success with his first opera, which soon belle-mere, 1816 Une nuit d'intrigue, ;
made the round of all the principal stages 1816 L'heritiere, 1817 Edmoud et Caro- ; ;
of Germany. Works Die Foltiunjer, op- line, 1819 La jeune tante, 1820 Le phi-
: ; ;
era, given in Dresden, 1874 Heinrich der losophe en voyage (with Pradhei-), 1821 Le
; ;
LiJwe, do., Leipsic, 1877 Der Fliichtling, coq de village, 1822 Le paradis de Maho-
; ;
do., Ulm, 1881 SchOn Kotraut, do., Dres- met (with Kreutzer), 1822 Jenny la bou-
; ;
den, Nov. G, 1887 Missa a cappella, op. quetiore (with Pradher), 1823 L'oflScier et le
; ;
15 Mass for 2 tenors and bass, with organ

;
paysan, 1824 Les enfauts de Maitre Pierre,
;
;
do. for mixed voices, op. 22 2 motets for 1825 La lettre posthume, 1827 Le man-
; ; ;
do., op. 17 4 hymns for do., ojx 18 do., age a I'anglaise, 1828. Duets, trios, quar-
; ;
oj). 21 Die Pilgerfahrt uach dem gelob- tets, nocturnes, aud other pieces for violin.
;
ten Lande, for male chorus, solo, and or- Fetis Larousse. ;
chestra, op. 12 Festgesaug, for male

; KREUSER (Kreusser), GEORG AN-
chorus, and wind instruments, oj^. 27 Mu- TON, born at Heidingsfeld, Bavaria, iu
;
sikalische Dorfgeschichten, for small or- 1743, died at Maiuz iu 1802. Violinist, pu-
chestra, op. 26 Pianoforte music, and pil of his brother Adam Kreuser (1727-91,
;
songs. Mendel Fetis, Supi:)lement, ii. 50 hornist and coucertmeester in Amsterdam),

;
;
]\Ius. Wochenblatt, x. 164 xi. 459. then went to Italy to study till 1775 ka-
; ;
KRETZSCHMAR, (AUGUST FERDI- pelmeester in Amsterdam in 1776, subse-

NAND) HER:MANN, born at Olbernhau, quently Conzertmeister to the Elector of
Saxony, Jan. 19, 1848, still living, 1889. ^lainz. Works : Der Tod Jesu, oratorio ;
Organist aud winter on music, first instruct- 30 (?) symphonies for orchestra 18 quartets ;
ed by his father ; then in Dresden jiupil of for strings ; 12 trios for do.; 6 quartets for
Julius Otto, and at the Couservatorium, iu flute and strings ; 3 sonatas for pianoforte
Leipsic, of Paul, Richter, Papperitz, and and violin ; 3 do. for pianoforte ; German
Reinecke, aud remained there as teacher in songs. Fctis Schilling. ;
1871. He became leader of the Bach, Eu- KREUTZER, (JEAN NICOLAS) AU-
terpe and other societies, went as Kajjell- GUSTE, bom at Versailles, Sept. 3, 1778,
meister to Metz, in 1876, and as director of died in Paris, Aug. 31, 1832. Violinist,
music at the university, to Rostock, in 1877 brother and pujjil of Rodolphe Kreutzer at
;
has been city music director there since the Paris Conservatoire, where he won the
1880. His compositions consist of choral first prize in 1801. He was violinist at the
works, organ music, and songs.
Mendel, Theatre Favart in 1798, at the Opera in
Ergiinz., 196; Riemann. 1802, and pensioned in 1823 was assistant ;
KREUBfi, CHARLES FRliDfiRIC, born professor at the Conservatoire for many

at Luncville (Meurthe-et-Moselle), France, years, and succeeded his brother as profes-
Nov. 5, 1777, died near Saint-Denis in 1846. sor in 1826. He was also first violin in the
Violinist, studied in his native city, where he chapel of Napoleon, of Louis X\'1H., and of
became chef d'orchestre at the theatre, then Charles X. He j'ublished 2 concertos, 2
in Paris (1800) under Rodolphe Kj-eutzer duets, 3 sonatas, several airs varies, and so-
;
entered the orchestra of the Opera Comique los for violin. Fetis Mendel Larousse ; ;
;
in 1801, became its assistant conductor in Schilling.

1805, conductor in 1816, aud retired iu KREUTZER (Kreuzer), KONRADIX,
1828. From 1814 to 1830 he was also a born at MOsskirch, Baden, Nov. 22, 1780,
394
KREUTZER
died at Eiga, Dec. 14, 1840. Dramatic com- delia, Donaueschingen, 1819 Libussa, Vi- ;
poser, pupil of Johaim Baptist liieger, then enna, 1822 Siguna, ib., 1823 Erfiillte ; ;
at the Abbey of Zwie- Hoflnung, ib., 1824 Die lustige Werbung, ;
falten, where he pur- 1826 L'eau de jouvence, Paris, 1827 Baron ; ;
sued his literary stud- Luft, Prague, 1829 Denise, das Milch- ;
ies in 1792-9G, pupil mildchen von Montfermeil, ib., 1829 Die ;
of the priest Ernst Jungfrau, ib., 1831 Der Lastentriiger an ;
Weiurauch in com- der Themse, ib., 1832 Melusine, Berlin, ;
position; began to 1833 Das Nachtlager in Granada, Vienna,

;
study medicine in 1834 ; Tom Rick

oder der Pavian, ib., 1834 ;
1799 at Freiburg; Der Brautigam Klennne, ib., 1835 in der ;
then spent about ^/^'^ Traumleben, ib., 1835 Der Verschwender, ;
five at Con-
years ib., 1836 Die HOhle von Waverley, ib.,
;
stance, whence he went to Vienna in 1804, 1837 Fridolin, oder der Gang uach dem
;
and for two years was a pupil of Albrechts- Eisenhammer, ib., 1837 Die beiden Figaro, ;
berger. Having remained in Vienna until ib., 1839; Der Edelknecht, Wiesbaden,
1811 he travelled for a year, apjiearing suc- 1842 Die Hochliinderin am Kaukasus,
;
cessfully as a pianist was Kapellmeister to

; Hamburg, Gratz, and Prague, 1846 Au- ;
the King of "Wiirtemberg in 1812-16, to the relia Die Sendung Mosis, oratorio, Stutt-
;
Prince von FiLrstenberg in 1817-21, at the

Kiirnthnerthor Theater, Vienna,
G^
in 1825,
1829-32, and 1837-40, at the Josephstiidter
Theater, ib., in 1833-40, at the Stadt- t^
theater, Cologne, in 1840-4G, again in Vi-
enna in 1847-49. He had made concert gart, 1814, Zurich, 1815 11 ;
tours in 1817-18, earning especial applause masses Te Deum, and other ;
in Berlin and Dresden, and with his daugh- church music Chamber and ;
1840 he conducted the 23d

ter Ciicilie, in ; pianoforte music Songs, and about 150 ;
Nether-Rhenish Music Festival at Cologne choruses for male voices. AUgem. d. Biogr.,
in 1843, was repeatedly in Paris, 1827, 1843- xvii. 145 Fetis Mendel Riemann Eiehl,
; ; ; ;
44, to bring out his operas, and with Ganz Mus. Charakterknpfe, i. 263; Schilling;
conducted opera in Ghent in 1844. For Wurzbach.
his daughter's sake, who had obtained an KREUTZER, LEON (CHARLES FRAN-
engagement at Eiga, he went thither in C;OIS), born in Paris, Sept. 23, 1817, died
1848. Of his dramatic music only Das at Vichy, Oct. 6, 1808. Pianist and musical
Nachtlager von Granada and the music to critic,son of Auguste Kreutzer, pupil of
Der Verschwender have held the stage to Fleche on the pianoforte and of Benoist in
this day, and his choruses for male voices composition. He was musical critic to La
are still popular. "Works Operas Die : Quotidienue, L'Union, Revue et Gazette mu-
lilcherliche Werbung, given at Freiburg, sicalede Paris, Revue contemporaine, anil
1800 Jery und Biitely, Vienna, 1810 Kon-
; ; other periodicals. Works : Seratine, comic
radin von Schwaben, Stuttgart, 1812 Zwei ; opera and Les filles d'azur, fairy opera
; ;
Worte, oder die Nacht im Walde, ib., 1813 ;

Stabat Mater, for two choruses 2 sympho- ;
Der Taucher, ib., 1814 Adele von Budry, ; nies for orchestra Fantaisie burlesque for ;
ib., 1814, Kiniigsberg, 1821 Alimon und ; do. ; Fantaisie militaire for do. Concerto ;
Zaide, Stuttgart, 1815 Die Insulanerin, ; symphonique for pianoforte and orchestra ;
ib., 1815 Feodora, ib., 1816 Die Alpen-

; ; String quartets ; Trios ; Sonatas ; Preludes,
hiitte, 1816 ; Orestes, Prague, 1817 ; Cor- etc., for pianoforte and for violin. Fetis;
395
KREUTZER
do., Supplement, ii. 50 ; Pougin, Lt-on K. tippe, '
1808 Antoine et Cleopatre, 1809
; ;
(Paris, 18G8). La mort 1810

d'Abel, Le triomphe du ;
KREUTZEK, RODOLPHE, born at Ver- mois de mai's, 1811 L'homme sans fayou, ;
, ., sailles, Nov. 16, 1812 Le camp de Sobieski, 1813 Con-

; ;
^ 'a 1766, died in Ge- stance et Theodore, 1813 Les Bearnais, ;
neva, June 6, 1831. 1811; La fete de Mars, 1811 L'oriflamme, ;
Violinist and dra- 1811 L'heureux retour (with Persuis and

;
matic composer, pu- Berton), 1815 La princesse de Babylone,

;
pil of Lis father and 1815 La perruque et la redingote (with

;
of Stamitz ;
played, Ki'eube) Le maitre et le valet, 1816 Les
; ;
when thirteen years dieux rivaux (with Spontini, Persuis, and

old, a violin con- Berton), 1816 Le carnaval de Venise (with
;
certo of his own Persuis), 1816 La servante justifiee, 1818

; ;
composition at a Clari, 1820 ; Le negociaut de Hambourg,

Concert Spirituel in Paris. Through the 1821 Blanche de Provence, ou la cour des ;
influence of Marie Antoinette he became first fees (with others), 1821 Le paradis de Ma- ;
violin in the king's chapel in 1782, and homet, 1822 Ipsiboe, 1823 Pharamoud ; ;
eight years later was made solo violinist at (with Berton and Boieldieu), 1825 Matilde. ;
tlie Theatre Italien. In 1797 he made a con- 19 violin concertos Sonatas for violin and ;
cert tour through Itah', Germany, and the violoncello 15 string quartets 15 trios ; ;
Netherlands, and on his return was made and a symphonie concertaute for two vio-
professor of violin in the Conservatoire. lins and violoncello Duos and two sym- ;
He became first solo violin at the Opera in phonies coucertantes for two violins 40 ;
1801, first violin in the chapel of the First caprices and etudes for violin ; Airs with vari-
Consul in 1802, to the Emperor in 1806, ations, etc. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 50 ; ;
and maitre de la chapelle to Louis XVHI. Gerber; Grove; Mendel; lliemaun Schil- ;
in 181.5 was vice-conductor of the Acade- ling, iv. 231 "Wasielowski, Die Violine, 269
; ; ;
mic in 1816, conductor in 1817-24 Legion Hart, The Violin, 295 ; Dubourg, The Vio-
of Honour in 1821. Beethoven dedicated lin, 201.
to him the Ivreutzer Sonata. He ranks laiEUTZER SONATE, name given to
with Viotti, llodc, and Baillot, as a master the sonata for pianoforte and violin in A,
of the classical violin school of Paris. by Beethoven, op. 47, first performed bj'

Works Operas (all given in Paris) Jeanne Beethoven and George A. P. Bridgetower at :
d'Arc :i Orleans, 1790 Paul ct Virgiuie, the Augarten, Vienna, May 17, 1803. The
;
1791 ;Lodo-id-a, 1791 Charlotte et Wer- variations were jilayed from the MS. without
;
ther, 1792 Le franc Breton, 1792 Le de- rehearsal. The finale was originally written
; ;
serteur de la montagne de Hamm, 1793 for the sonata in A, op. 30. This sonata, ;
La journee de Marathon, 1793 Le siege the most elaborate and difficult of Beetho- ;
de Lille, 1793 Le congres des rois, with ven's violin sonatas, is dedicated to Rodoljjhe
;
others, 1793 On respire, 1794 La jour- Kreutzer, who never played it. Published
; ;
nee du 10 aoftt, 1792, ou la chute du derby Traeg (Vienna, 1805), and Simrock
nier tyran, 1795 Le brigand, 1795 Le (Bonn, 1805) by Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Beet-
; ; ;
lendemain de la bataille de Fleums, 1795 hoven Werke, Serie 12, No. 9. Arrange- ;
Le petit page, 1795 Imogene, ou la ga- ments for grand orchestra, 2 violins, viola,
;
geure indiscrete, 1796 Flaminius a Co- and violoncello by Hartmann for piano-
; ;
rinthe, 1800 Ash/ana.r, 1801 Les surprises, forte solo, and for 4 hands, by Czerny
; ; and ;
ou I'etourdi en voyage, 1806 Jadis et au- for pianoforte and violoncello by Griitz-
;
jourd'hui, 1808 Franiôis I", 1808 Aiis- macher.

; Grove, ii. 73 Lenz, Beethoven, ; ;
;
KREUZFAIIRER
i., Part n. 257 Thayer, Verzeicliniss, 111
; Eitorn. von 2 Violen (Leipsic, 1656). Some
;
Marx, Beethoven, i. 292 Berlioz, Voj'age of his chorals continue in use. Allgem. d.
;
Musical, i. 261. Biogr., xvii. 164 Gerber, 769 Mendel ; ;
KREUZFAHKEE, DIE (The Crusaders), N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1849), 205, 213 Fiirst- ;
cantata iu three by Carl Ander- enau, Zur Gesch. der Mus.

jaarts, test am Hofe zu
sen, music by Niels Wilhelm Gade, op. Dresden, i. 153.
50, first given iu CojDenhagen, in 18GC, KRIEGER, JOHANN, born at Nurem-
and, under the composer's own direction, berg, Jan. 1, 1652, died at Zittau, July
at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. 18, 1736. Organist and church composer,
31, 1876, with an English translation by brother and pupil of Philii^p Krieger, whom
Eev. J. Troutbeck. I. In the Desert
he succeeded at Baireuth iu 1672
; 11. about ;
Armida III. Towards Jerusalem. Char- l(i77 he went to live at Nuremberg, and iu
;
acters represented Peter the Hermit, Ri- 1678, became Kapellmeister at Greiz, in
:
naldo, Armida, Choruses of Crusaders, Si- 1681 at Eisenberg, and in the same year
rens, and Pilgrims. It is one of the best of music director and organist at Zittau.
Gade's works and one of the most beautiful Works Masses Motets Chorals Musika- : ; ; ;
of modern cantatas. Published by Novello, lische Ergetzlichkeiten, arias for 5-9 voices
Ewer & Co. (London), and by Breitkopf (1684) Musikalische Partieu, dance music ;
& Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1867). Athenseum for pianoforte (1697) ; Anmuthige Clavier-
(187(i), ii. 311: ; Uiitou, Standard Cantatas. iibungen, preludes, fugues, etc. (1699).
119. See also The Cruttaders. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 459 ; Fetis ; Ger-
KREUZFAHRER, DIE, romantic opera ber Schilling. ;
in three acts, text and music by Spohr, KRIEGER, (JOHANN) PHILIPP, born
from Kotzebue's drama, first represented at at Nuremberg, Feb. 26, 1649, died at Weis-
Cassel, Jan. 1, 1845, afterwards in Berlin, senfels, Feb. 6, 1725. Organist and dra-
Spohr conducting. Published by J. Schu- matic composer, pujîl of J. Drechsel on the
berth (Leipsic, 1845). Sjaohr, Autobiogra- harpsichord, and of Gabriel Schiitz on sev-
phy, ii. 261 Neue Zeitschrift fiir Musik eral other instruments, then about 166G at
;
(24), 73. Copenhagen pupil and for five years assist-

KRIEGER, ADAM, born Driesen ant of the court organist J. Schroter, and
Neumark, Jan. 7, pupil in comjjositiou of Georg Furster.
1634, died in Dres- He ai^peared as harpsichord player in Nu-
den, June 30, 1666. remberg with success became court organ- ;
Organist, pupil of ist in Baireuth, went to Italy in 1672, and

Samuel Scheldt at studied under Rosenmiiller and Rovetta in
Halle, and of Schiitz Venice, and Abbatini and Bernardo Pasquini
in Dresden, where in Rome. On his return to Baireuth he
he became court or- resumed his former occupation, and was
ganist in or after loaded with favours by the Emperor Leopold
1657. His only I., while visiting Vienna. He lived after-
known work, published after his death, bears wards in Cassel as Kapellmeister and in
the following title Herru Adam Krieger's, Halle as court organist, and finally became
:
Churf. Durchl. zu Sacbsen,etc., wohlbestalt Hof-Kapellmeister to the Duke of Sase-

gewesenen Cammer und
Hofmusici, Neue Weisseufels. His ojjeras were given at dif-
Alien in 5 Zehen eingetheilet, von Finer, ferent courts. Der Wettstreit der Treue,
Zwo, Drey und Fiinf Vocal-Stimmen, etc. and Hercules (2 parts), were produced in
(Dresden, 1667). Gerber says he published Hamburg, in 1694. Other works : 24 sona-
Aiie fiir 2 Discantstimmen, uebst eiuem tas for 2 violins and bass (1687) ; Musika-
KRIEGK
lischer Seelenfriede, 20 sacred arias, with teach music, and to write for musical periodi-
1
violin and bass (1G97) ; Lustige Feldmusik, cals. In 1852 he founded a singing society,
I
for 4 wind instru- and in 1854-57 con-

ments;etc. Allgem. 'h CL.^'^ ducted the Neue
^/P j/y ' Berliner Leiderta-
f^J> /îl^^â.r-: fel, for which he
wrote many chorus- ^^
es for men's voices.
d. Biogr., xvii. In 1857 he was appointed royal music di-
458 F.'tis Ger- rector, and later member of the Royal Musi-
; ;
ber ;Mendel; cal Experts' Society. He composed music

Schilling ; Mattbeson, Ehreupforte. for plays, motets, psalms, songs for one or
KEIEGK, J. J., bom at Bebra,
near more voices, pianoforte music. Allgem. d.
Merseburg, June 25, 1750, died at Mein- Biogr., xvii. 171 Fc-tis, SuppK-raent, ii. 51 ; ;
ingen in 1813. and virtuoso on MendeL

Violinist
the violoncello vs-as a singer and violinist
; KRILLE, GOTTLOB AUGUST, born at
at the court of Meiningen when twelve Wehlen, Saxonj', in 1778, died in Dresden,
years old at the age of nineteen entered Oct. 14, 1813.
; Church composer, cantor,
the service of the Landgrave of Hesse- and director of the Kreuzkirche, Dresden.
Philippsthal, with whom he went twice to He composed many cantatas, motets, and
Holland, and in 1773 became first violinist other vocal music, which were much es-
at the opera, Amsterdam. In 1774 he went teemed for their flowing style. Mendel.
to Paris with the Marquis de Taillefer, be- KROGULSKI, JiJZEF," born at Tar-
came a pupil of Duport the younger on the now, Galicia, in 1817, died at Warsaw, Jan.
violoncello, appeared at concerts, and was 9, 1842. Church composer, pupil of his
violoncellist to the Prince de Laval-Mont- father and of Joseph Eisner appeared in ;
moreucy for four years. On his return to public in Warsaw, in 1825, with great suc-
Meiningen he was made chamber musician, cess. He became choir director of the
and in 1798 Conzertmeister. He composed Piarist church, and in 1839 vocal instructor
concertos and sonatas for violoncello.
Men- at the convent of the Sisters of Charity.
del Gerber
; Schilling.; Works 10 Polish masses, for 2-4 voices, :
KRIFFT, WILLIAM DE, born in Eng- some with organ and instrumental ac-
land in 17G5, died (?). Amateur pianist, pu- companiment Requiem Psalm cxxxii. ; ; ;
pil of Clementi. He
appeared in public Passion oratorio for Good Friday 2 can- ;
with success in 1791 at Coblentz, where he tatas 3 hymns Sonatas, quartets, varia- ; ;
produced a symphony of his own compositions for iîanoforte, etc. Zbii'ir spiewuw ;
tion. He lived in London from 1793. He koScielnych, a collection of church music.

published symphonies, sonatas with and Fi'tis ; Mendel ; Sowinski, 345.
without accompaniment, and a Stabat Mater KROLL, FRANZ, born at Bromberg,
with orchesti'al accompaniment. Mendel ;
I
jJune 22, 1820, died in Berhn, May 28,

Gerber; Fctis. 1
1877. Pianist, pupil of Liszt in Weimar
KRIGAR, (JULIUS) HERilANN, born and Paris ; settled in Berlin in 1849, to
in Berlin, April 3, 1819, died there, Sejit. teach music, and was instructor at Stern's
5, 1880. fii-st studied
Pianist, painting, Conservatorium in 18G3-G4. He is less
but in 1843 adopted music as a profession. [known as a composer than through his
He went to Leipsic, became a pupil of ^Xlen- critical editions of Bach's Wohltemper-
delssohn, Schumann, Hauptmann, Fink, irtes Clavier, Bach's chromatic fantasia, Mo-
and Knorr returned to Berlin in 1845, to zart's fantasias for pianoforte, and other
;
;
KKOLLMANN
works. Mendel; Eiemaun ; Fetis, Suj)j)le- memory, after once hearing it. He was
meiit, ii. 52. subsequently a pupil of Albrechtsberger.
KROLLMANN, ANTON, born at Seu- Compelled by his family to study law and
Hngen, near Guttingeu, June 3, 1798, died enter the State service, he gave up all his
(?). Flutist, 2>npil of Lis father, who was a spare time and his nights to musical com-
town musician then pupil of HOnecke at
; position, but this arduous life broke his
Celle. He appeared with great success at health and he died young. He published
concerts in Hanover, Brunswick, Oldenburg, string quartets, sonatas for pianoforte with
and the Rhenish jirovinces was appointed ; and without accomjjanimeut, 24 fugues and
bandmaster of the Body Guards in Han- preludes for pianoforte, variations, and
over in 1829, and was a well-known teacher. more than 100 songs, some for 4 voices
He published music for jiianoforte, flute, with chorus, etc. Blendel ; Schilling ; Wurz-
and other instruments. Mendel Schil- ; bach ; Fotis.
ling ; Fetis. KEUG, ARNOLD, born in Hamburg,
KROMJMER, FRANZ, born at Kamenitz, Oct. 16, 1849, still living, 1889. Pianist,
Moravia, May 17, son and pupil of Dietrich Krug, and pupil
1760, died in Vi- of Gurlitt ; also, in 1868, at the
Leipsic Con-
enna, Jan. 8, 1831. servatorium, in 1869 of Reinecke, and in
Violinist, pupil of 1871, in Berlin, of Kiel and of Ed. Frank.
his uncle, who was Mozart prize, Frankfort, 18G9 Meyerbeer ;
choirmaster at prize, Berlin, 1877. and He was in Italy

Turas, Hungary; France in 1877-78, then settled in Ham-
was organist there burg, where he founded a singing society,
in 1776-84. Hebe- and in 1885 became professor at the Con-
c a ra e violinist to servatorium and conductor of the Singaka-
^----^
Count Ayrum at demie at Altoua. Works Der Tod Rizzio's, :
Simontornya, Hungary, and later director opera ; Overture, for orchestra ; Symphony
to the same ; was choir director at Fiinf- for do., op. 9 ; Italienische Reiseskizzen,
kirchen, Kajjellnieister of the Karoly Regi- for violin and string orchestra, op. 12 ;
ment, then to Prince Grassalkovics, witli Liebesnovelle, idyl for string orchestra
whom he went to Vienna, and
ISli be- and harp, op. 14 Trio for pianoforte, vio-
in ;
came court Kajêllmeister. Works

Mass lin, and violoncello, oj^. 1 La regine Avril-
:
;
for i voices, with orchestra 5 symphonies louse, for female chorus, with orchestra, op.
;
for full orchestra, op. 12, 40, 62, 102, 105 10 Nomadenzug, for male chorus with or- ; ;
5 concertos for violin 2 do. for clarinet chestra, op. 11

; Der Abend, for mixed ;
18 quintets for strings 7 do. for flutes G9 chorus with orchestra, op. 15 Ich harre
; ; ;
quartets for strings C do. for flutes 2 do. des Herrn, for chorus a ca252)ella, op. 6
; ; 5 ;
for clarinets Trio for strings Symphonies songs for mixed chorus, op. 7 Quartet for
; ;
;
concertantes for various instruments. All- pianoforte and strings, op. 16

Several ;
gem, d. Biogr., xvii. 188 Dlabacz Fetis pieces for pianoforte, and many songs.
; ; Fe-;
Gerber Mendel Riehl, Mus. Charakter- tis. Supplement, ii. 52
; ; Riemann Mus. ; ;
kfipfe, iii. 129 Wurzbach. ; Wochenblatt, vi. 291, 494 vii. 628 ix. ; ;
KRUFFT, NICOLAUS, Freiherr VON, 492, 502 xi. 359. ;
born in Vienna, Feb. 1, 1779, died there, KRUG, DIETRICH, born in Hamburg
April 16, 1818. Pianist, i^recocious mu- in 1821, died there, April 7, 1880, Pianist,
sical genius, first instructed by his mother, pupil of Jacob Schmitt. He published
an accomplished pianist ; while still very about 350 compositions for the pianoforte ;
young he could play Haydn's music from his principal work is a method in four parts,
1
' ,
KRTJG
with very melodious studies. died in Paris, Feb. 19, 1790.
prtictical Harpist,
Mendel ;Supplement, ii. 52.
Fi-tis, pupil of his father, who was bandmaster in
IvKUG, FRIEDRICH, born in Cassel, a French regiment in Paris appeared in ;
July 5, 1812, still living, 1889. Baritone concerts in Vienna in 1772 was a member ;
singer, and dramatic composer appeared of Prince Eszterhiizy's orchestra at Eszter-

;
with success ou the German stage, and haz in 1773-7G, at the same time studying
while in Carlsruhe was ajipointed, in 1849, composition under Haydn. After a concert
court music director became chorus-mas- torn- through Germany, he settled in Paris
;
ter at the court theatre, and conductor of as teacher and virtuoso. He drowned him-
'
the Liederhalle Singing Society. Works self in the Seine from grief at the infidel-
Operas Die Marquise, given at Cas.sel, ity of his wife, who had become by his in-
:
1813 Meister Martin der Kiifer und seine struction a finer player even than himself.
;
Gesellen, Carlsruhe, 1845 Der Nacht- Works 6 concertos, 52 sonatas, duets, pre-
; :
wachter, Mannheim, 1816 Songs and cho- ludes, and variations for the harp Quartet
; <
;
ruses for male voices.

Fetis Mendel.
'
for harji anel stringed instruments

; Sym- ;
KRUG, GUSTAV, born in Berlin in 1810, phony for harp, violins, flute, horns, violon-
still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Lud- cello, and other instruments. Futis; Gerber;
wig Berger. He studied law, and in 1815 Mendel Riemann Schilling Wurzbach. ; ; ;
was appointed Ober-Landsgerichtsrath of KUCHARZ (Kuchori), JOHAXN B.VP-

]
Naumburg. He comijosed quartets and TIST, born at Chotecz, Bohemia, March 5,

trios for pianoforte and strings, quartets for 1751, died in Prague, Feb. 18, 1829. Or-
strings, duo for pianoforte and violin (prize ganist, pupil at the Jesuit College at KOnig-
of the Norddeutseher Musikverein, 1813) gi'iitz, and the Jesuit Seminary at Gitschiu,
;
Sonatas, etc.
Mendel Futis do., Supj)le- where he was organist then of the organist
; ; ;
ment, ii. 52. Seeger in Prague. He was successively or-

KRUGER, WILHELM, born at Stutt- ganist of St. Heinrichskirche and of the
gart in 1820, died there, June 20, 1883. monaster}' of Strahow, and conductor at the
Pianist, pupil of Lindpaintuer, then studied opera, Prague, in 1791-1800. He was a
for two years in Paris under the patronage finished artist on the pianoforte, the man-
of the King of Wiirtemberg, and remained dolin, and harmonica. Works 3 cantatas :
two years longer, teaching the pianoforte (1807-8) 2 concertos, and other music for ;
and playing at concerts. On his return he organ Sonatas for iîanoforte Several com- ; ;
became court pianist and travelled through positions for mandoUn, and harmonica.
Germany in 1810, lived in Berlin a year, Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 284
Dlabacz ; ;
and was a pupil of Dchn in counterpoint. Wurzbach Frtis. ;
After a long stay in Stuttgart he returned KUCHLER, JOHANN, German coin-

to Paris, where he held an important posi- poser of the 18 th century. Bassoon vir-
tion as teacher in 1845, visiting Germany tuoso, member of the Elector of Cologne's
yearly in 1851-1871 finally returned to orchestra at Bonn in 1780, and ten years
;
Stuttgai-t at the outbreak of the Franco- later of the ducal orchestra at Mainz. Ho
Prussian war, and was apjôinted professor played in Paris at the Concerts Spirituels
of pianoforte in the royal Conservatorium. with great success. He published many
He composed many pianoforte pieces in symphonies, quartets, concertos, and duets.
salon style, some of which have become The ojiera Azakia is credited to him in the<
widely known.
Mendel; Fetis Weitz- Calendrier des theatres de Gotha (1782).
;
mann, Geschichte des CLv-ierspiels, 138. Mendel Fetis. ;
KRUilPHOLZ, JOHANN BAPTIST, i KUCKEN, FRIEDRICH W I LH ELM

born at Zlonitz, near Prague, about 1745, born at Bleckede, Hanover, Nov. IG,
400
; :;
KUDELSKI
1810, died at Schwerin, April 3, 1882. Vocal Hermann Kuiiferath pupil of Hartmann in ;
composer, puj)!! of Liihrss, Ai'ou, aud Cologne, of Schneider in Dessau (1833-36),

Rettberg iu Schwerin, aud of Mendelssohn aud David in Lcipsic.
where he played in He was director of the Milnnergesangvereiu
the duke's orchestra ;
at Cologne in 1841-44, settled iu Brus-sels
studied under Biru- iu 1844,and became professor at the Con-
bach in Berhn in 1832, servatoire in 1872. Works Symphonies :
;
under Sechter in Vi- Concertos and other music for pianoforte ;
enna in 1841, and un-

Songs. Mendel Fetis Riemann. ; ;
'
der Halevy aud Bor- KUFFERATH, JOHANN HERINIANN,

dogni iu Paris in 1843. born at Miilheim-on-the-Ruhr, Prussia, May
He was Kapellmeister 12, 1797, died at Wiesbaden, July 28, 1864.
in Stuttgart iu 1851 Violinist, pupil of his father and of Alex-
-CI, the first five years jointly with Lind- ander, and later of Hauptmann and Spohr
jiaintncr ; resigned in 18G1, and retired to at Cassel. He was music director in Biele-
Schwerin. He was judge of a competition feld in 1823, and in 1830 city music director
inStrasburg in 1863, with Abt aud Berlioz, of Utrecht, where he was also vocal instruc-
and met with a most enthusiastic recejjtion. tor at the music school, and conducted sev-
His songs were immensely popular with the eral societies ; retired to Wiesbaden in
masses, but found little favour with musi- 1862. Works : Jubelcantate for the 200th
cians. Works: Die Flucht nach der Schweiz, anniversary of the Academy of Utrecht, and
opera, given in Berlin, 1839 Der Prilten- ; other cantatas for special occasions ; Over-
deut, Stuttgart, 1847 Sonatas for pianoforte
; tures, motets, etc. In 1836 he received a
aud violin, and for pianoforte aud violon- prizefrom the Music Society of the Nether-
cello Quartets for male voices Many songs
;
; lands for his Manuel de chant, for the use

and duets. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 290 ;
of schools.
Fetis; Gregoir, Biog., 113;
Jlendel ; Neumann, Biogr. (Baldc, Cassel) Eiemann ; Viotta.
Schilling, Supplement, 24G ; KUFFERATH, LOUIS, born at Miihl-
Eiemann.
KUDELSKI, KARL MATTHIAS, born heim, Prussia, Nov. 10, 1811, died near Brus-
in Berlin, Nov. 7, 1805, died at Baden-Ba- sels, March 2, 1882. Pianist, brother and pu-
den, Oct. 3, 1877. Violinist, pupil of Edu- pil of Johann Hermann Kufferath, and pupil
ard Ritz aud of Lafont, and in composition of Friedrich Schneider at Dessau. He was
of Urban for several years first violin in director of the music school at Leeuwarden
;
the orchestra of the KOnigstadtisches The- iu 1886 conducted the Euphonia-Crescen- ;
ater, he joined the quartet in Dorpat, 1830, do aud Tot nut van t'algemeen, and found-
and iu 1839 became Kapellmeister to a Rus- ed the Groote Zang vereeniging went to ;
sian nobleman, and in 1841 Conzertmeis- Ghent in 1850, aud was appointed director
ter and director of the Imperial Theatre in of the Societe Royale des Choeurs. Works
Moscow. Ho was jjensioned in 1851, and Artevelde, cantata Mass, for 4 voices, with ;
lived subsequently in Hamburg. He pub- organ and orchestra 250 canons Choruses ; ;
lished concertos for violin and violoncello for men's voices Compositions for piano-
; ;
duets for violins aud for violin and violon- forte Organ preludes Chamber mu.sic ;
; ;
cello sonatas for violin and pianoforte, Songs, etc.

; Gregoir, Biog., 113 Fetis, ;
etc., and a treatise on harmony (Hamburg, Supplement, ii. 53 Mendel, Ergiinz., 200 ;
;
1865). Mendel Sowinski, 350.

; Riemann Viotta. ;
KUTFERATH, HUBERT FERDINAND, KUFFNER, JOHANN JACOB PAUL,

born at Miihlheim, June 10, 1808, still living, born at Nuremberg in 1713, died at Ratis-
1889. Pianist, brother and pujjil of Johann bon, June 12, 1786. Organist and jîanist
401
KUFFNER
at first organist of the Walpurgiskirche in music to Lindane was performed with suc-
liis native Le entered, in 1750, the ser- cess. His Skizzenbuch (Berlin, 1830) is a
citj-,
vice of the Prince of Thurn und Taxis at collection of poems, musical compositions,
Ratisbou. He published sonatas and other and sketches. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 307 ;
music for pianoforte. His concertos for pi- Mendel.

anoforte, which were especially esteemed, KUHE, WILHELM, born in Prague,
remain in MS. Futis ; Gerber ; Schilling, Dec. 10, 1823, still
iv. 25. living, 1889, in Lon-

KUFFNER, JOSEPH, born at Wurzburg, don. Pianist, pupil
March 31, 177G, died there Sept, 8, 1856. of Tomaschek. He

Instrumental composer, son and pupil of exhibited a j)reco-
Wilhelm Joseph Kiiffner studied the violin ; cious taste for mu-
under Ludwig Schmitt, and composition sic, and at the age
under FrOhlich. He was attached to the of four picked out
court orchestra of Wiu-zburg in 1797, and Paganiui's melodies
became court musician in 1801. When on thepianoforte
Wiirzburg became part of Bavaria, in 1802, from memory. He
he lost his place, and accepted the office of lived in Upper Aus-
a military music director. Then Wiirzburg tria, in 1843-44,
being erected into a duchy, he was cham- studying music made his first public ap-
;
ber musician until 1814, when Bavaria pearance at Liuz, and then at Salzburg,
again took possession and he was j'cn- Innsbruck, Augsburg, Munich, and Stutt-
sioued, and thenceforth devoted himself to gart, with great success. In 1845 he ac-
composition. Works Sporn and Schilrpe, :
companied Pischek to England, where he
opera, given at Wiirzburg Der Cornet, do., ; has since resided, latterly as a teacher and
ib. 7 symphonies
;
10 overtures Military
; ; conductor at Brighton. Among his numer-
music Quartets for strings Flute duets
; ; ous salon pieces, Le feu follet, and a few
and trios Clarinet duets
; Fantasia for ; others, became favourites of the amateur pi-
violin and orchestra Music for guitar, and anist. He has published also many tran-
;
for wind instruments Sonatas and duets scriptions, songs, etc. Mendel, Slovnik
;
for pianoforte and violin etc. ;
Fctis Men- naucny (Prague, 1859), iv. 1044 Wurzbach. ; ;
del ; Schilling ; do., Supplement, 248. KUHLAU, FRIEDRICH, born at Uelzen,

KUFFNEE, WILHELM JOSEPH, born Hanover, Sept. 11,
at Kalmiinz, near Ratisbou, in 1738, died 1786, died in Co-
in England in 1798. Pianist, son and pupil penhagen, March
of Johaun Jacob Paul Kiiffner. He was 12, 1832. Dra-
chamber musician to Prince von Palm, in matic composer,
Vienna, 1758 then Kapellmeister to the pupil of Schwenke
;
Prince Bishop of Wiirzburg, but resigned in Hamburg went ;
to visit Pai'is, in 1786. In 1793 he went to to Copenhagen in

London, and became celebrated as a pianist. 1810 to escape
His string quartets and sonatas for piano- the French con-
forte were published in Paris and London. scription, and be-
Fetis Gerber Mendel Schilling.
; ; came violinist in ;
KUGLER, FRANZ (THEODOR), born the royal orchestra and won reputation as a
at Stettin, Jan. 19, 1808,died in Berhn, pianist. His success in raising the standard
March 18, 1858. The famous art liistorian of national Danish opera led to his appoint-
;
studied music under Karl Loewe. His ment in 1829 as court composer, with the
402
;
;
KtJIIMSTEDT
title of professor he retired to Lyugby,; Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of
where grief over the loss of many valu- Urban. He travelled as pianist through
able mauuseripts iu a fire, 1830, uuder- Germany in 1825, taught music in Breslau
mined his health, causing a premature three years, and, after living a while at Neisse,
death. Works
Operas KOverborgeu, given : founded at Liegnitz a public singing school.
in 181-4 Trylleharpeu, 181G Ehsa, 1819
; ; ; Works : 3 operas ; Te Deum, with orches-
Lulu, 1824 Hugo og Adelheid, 1827 Mu-
; ; tra,and other church music 2 symiihouies, ;
sic to Heiberg's drama Elverhui, 1828 several overtures, and fantasias for orches-
Choruses for male voices 12 comic canons ; tra Concertos, caprices, etc., for oboe, and
;
for 3 men's voices 3 quintets for flute and

; for bassoon ;
Quartets, sonatas, rondos, for
strings, op. 51 Quartet for flutes, op. 103
;
pianoforte ; Songs, etc. Fetis Mendel.
;
Trios for flutes, op. 13, 8G ; Trio for 2 flutes KUHNAU, JOHANN, born at Geysing,
and pianoforte, op. 119 3 duos for flute Saxony, in April, 1G67, died iu Leipsic,
;
and pianoforte, op. 110 Sonatas for do., op. June 25, 1722. Organist and harpsichord
;
64, C9, 71, 83, 85 Divertissements, varia- player, one of the greatest musicians and
;
tions, etc., for do. Duos for flutes, op. 10, most learned men of his time pupil at the
;
;
39, 80, 81, 87, 102 Quartets for pianoforte Kreuzschule, Dresden, of Alexander Hering
;
and strings, op. 32, 50, 108 Sonatas for and of Vincenzo Albrici, under whom he ;
do., op. G, 33, 74, 88 Concerto for piano- also studied Italian. He then studied un-
;
forte, op. 7 Sonatas for do., op. 52, GG, der Musikdirektor Edelmann at the Gym-
;
127, etc. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 320; nasium of Zittau, where the composition of
Oversliou, Den danske Skueplads, iv.-v. (Co- a motet for the election of the town coun-
penhagen, 18G2-G4) Thrane, Fr. Kuhlau cil procured him the position of cantor. In
;
(Leipsic, 188G). 1682 he went to Leipsic to study at the

KUHI\ISTEDT, FRIEDEICH, born at university, and in 1684 succeeded Kiihnel
Oldisleben, Saxe-Weimar, Dec. 20, 1809, as organist at the Thomaskirche. At this
died at Eisenach, Jan. 10, 1858. Although time he took up the study of law, of mathe-
destined for the church by his parents, he matics, of philology, and other studies, and
left the University of Weimar and went to afterwards practised law. In 1700 he was
Darmstadt, where for three years he was a elected Musikdirektor of the university and
pupil of Rinck. He taught music iu Wei- of two of the principal churches, and Cantor
mar, and iu 183G became instructor in the of the Thomasschule in 1701, when he gave
seminary at Eisenach, and afterwards di- up his law practice, and devoted himself
rector of music and professor. Works Die entirely to music. He was distinguished :
Verklilrung des Herrn, oratorio Die Pfade as a translator from the Greek, Hebrew, ;
zur Gottheit, do. Die SchlaugenkOuigin, Latin, Italian, and French, and as a satiri-
;
opera Mass with orchestra

; Motets, and cal writer. As a com^joser for the piano- ;
other church music 2 ballads with chorus forte he ranks very high, and was the first
;
and orchestra 3 symphonies Overtures to give the sonata its name and form in
; ; ;
Fugues and preludes for the organ Concer- several movements his fugues continued ; ;
tos, rondos, etc., for pianoforte Gradus ad as models even after Bach had given this ;
Parnassum Theoretisch-practische Har- form its highest perfection. Bach was his
;
monic- und Ausweichuugslehre (1838) successor at the Thomasschule. Works ;

:
Kunst des Vorspiels fiir Orgel. Allgem. d. Neue Clavier-Uebung, 2 collections of 7

Biogr., xvii. 332 ; Mendel ; Fetis ; Schilling ;
Frische
suites each (Leipsic, 1689, 1695) ;
Supplement, 253. oder sieben Suonaten von

Clavierfriichte
KUHN, JOSEPH KARL, born at Elbing, guter Invention (169G) Musikalische Vor- ;
Prussia, April 20, 1803, still living, 1889 (?). stellung einiger biblischer Historien in
403
KUHNAU
secbs Sonaten (1700). His writings com- 1695-1700. His compositions, which were
prise : Juramusicos ecclesiasticos left to the Museum of Cassel, consist of so-
circa
(Leipsic, 1688) Der musikalische Quack- natas or divertissements for one or two viole
;
salber, a satirical romance directed against da gamba with basso continuo (Cassel, 1698).
Italian music then in favour at the court of Gerber Schilling Fctis. ; ;
Saxony (Dresden, 1700). Other works in KUHNER, JOHANN WILHEL:\I, bom

MS. Tractatus de monochordo Introductio
: ; in Stuttgart, Nov. 17, 1812, still hving, 1889.
ad compositionem musicalem Disputatio Flutist, pupil of his uncle Beck, who was
;

de Triade harmonica. Allgem. d. Biogr., Kapellmeister of a regiment. At the age
xvii. 313 Fctis Gerber Mattheson, Eh- of fourteen he was flutist in the brigade
; ; ;
reupforte, 153 Spitta, Bach, i. 232

;
ii. 26, music corps during a furlough was a pu-
; ;
162. pil of Liud2)aintner, and of Seyfried in Vi-

KUHNAU, JOHANN CHRISTOPH, born enna, and soon after his retui-n to his regi-
at Volkstiidt, near Eisleben, Feb. 10, 1735, ment was appointed leader of the first
died in Berlin, Oct. 13, 1805. Vocal com- infantry brigade band, Stuttgart. Few of
poser, studied music at Magdeburg, became his compositions, which consist of arrange-
professor in the normal school, Berlin, where ments baud, symphonies, for military
he founded a singing school, which was dances, etc., and the ballet, Majah, were
considered one of the best in Germany. published. Mendel.
When thirty years old he studied the haii)- KUL See Cui.
sichord and composition under Kirnberger. KULENKAIVIP, GEOEG KARL, born at
He was appointed Musikdirektor and Can- Witzcnhausen, Hesse-Cassel, May 19, 1799,
tor of Trinity Church in 1788. He com- died (?). Pianist, mostly self-taught, but
posed cantatas, chorals, preludes for organ, studied composition under Grossheim in
and published a collection of chorals for Cassel. He taught music in GOttiugen
four voices, entitled Vierstimmige alte und : while attending the lectures at the univer-
neue Chor'algesange, mit Provincial-Abwei- sity for five years, and became so well
chungen (Berlin, 1786-90). This, which known as a teacher that he remained there
was considered his best work, went through in that caixacity. He comijosed overtures,

many editions. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 346 ;
quintets, etc., pianoforte music, hymns, and
Fetis Gerber ; Mendel Schilling.; ; songs. Mendel ; Schilling ; Fetis.
KUHNE, JEREMIAS NICOLAUS, bom KULLAK, ADOLPH, bom at Meseritz,
at Erfurt, May 1, 1807, still living, 1880 (>). Posen, Feb. 23, 1823, died in Berlin, Dec.
Organist, first instructed by his father on 25, 1862. Pianist and didactic writer,
the flute and violin, then pupil of Gebhardi brother of Theodor Kullak, pupil of Agthe
on the pianoforte, and, at the teachers' sem- and Marx while studying in the University
inary, of M. G. Fischer became organist ; of Berlin ; after taking the degree of Doc-
of St. Andrew's Church, and in 1827 in- tor of Philosophy he devoted himself to
structor at the Predigerschulc went as ; scientific and aesthetic studies. He after-
Cantor and organist to Gebesen in 1828, wards taught music at his brother's acad-
and was finally Musikdirektor at Corbach, emy. He comjiosed pianoforte music,
Waldeck. He published church music, or- mostly salon pieces, and songs. He pub-
gan, pianoforte, and violin pieces, dances, lished Das Musikalisch-Schone (1858), and
songs, and choruses. Mendel ; Fetis. Aesthetik des Klavierspiels (1861, 1876).
KUHNEL, AUGUST, born in Delmen- Mendel Fetis. ;
horst, Aug. 3, 1645, died about 1700. Vir- KULLAK, FRANZ, bom in- Beriin in
tuoso on the viol da gamba, pupil of Stef- 1842, still living, 1889. Pianist, son and
fani. He was Kapellmeister in Cassel in pupil of Theodor Kullak, and pupil of
404
:
KULLAK
Wieprecbt in 1858-59 tours in Germany and
iu instrumentation ; Italy, and having
for a short time also pupil of Liszt atWei- celebrated, iu 1861, the fiftieth anniversary
mar. Iu 18G7 be became professor of pi- of his appointment in
anoforte and director of the orchestra class the Dresden orches-
iu the Academy, established by his father. tra, he retired on a
He composed sougs, pianoforte music, and 25ension. Among his

an opera, Iiies de Castro. Mendel Fetis, pupils were Coss- ;
Suijplement, ii. 53. mann in Wiesbaden,

KULLAK, THEODOR, boru at Kroto- Hausmann in Lon-
schiu, Posen, Sept. don, and Goltermann
12, 1818, died iu in Stuttgart. Works
Berlin, March 1, Concertos for vio-
1882. Pianist, jjupil loncello, op. 18 ; Concertino for do., with
of Albert Agthe, orchestra or quartet, op. 16; Divertisse-
Dehu, and in Vienna ments, fantasias, and variations for violon-
(1812) of Sechter, cello Concert pieces for oboe, clarinet,
;
Nicolai, and Czeruy. horn, trumpet, etc. About 200 entr'actes

;
After a successful for the Dresden Theatre. Allgem. d.

concert tour through Biogr., xvii. 369 Fc'tis ;Mendel. ;
Austria he became KU:\niER, GOTTHELF HEINRICH,

musical instructor, in born at Neustadt, near Dresden, Jan. 23,
Berlin, to the princes and princesses of the 1774, died iu Dresden, Jan 28, 1857. Bas-
royal family, and in 181(j was appointed soon player, son and pupil of Gottfried
court composer to the King of Prussia. Kummer (1730-1812). He was first bas-
He founded with Stern and Marx a Con- soon player in the Elector's Grenadier
servatorium in 1850, and, retiring from the Guard travelled iu 1798, playing with ;
management in 1855, established the Neue great success in Stockholm and Copenha-
Akademie der Tonkuust, which iu 1880 had gen. In 1809 he became bassoonist in the
a hundred teachers and more than a thou- Electoral Chapel of Saxony, and retired in
sand pupils. He was not only an excellent 1842. Works 7 concertos for bassoon and :
pianist, but a teacher of the first rank. orchestra Airs varies for do. Trios and ; ;
Works Concerto for pianoforte and or- duos for bassoons Concertos for violin,
: ;
chestra, op. 55 ; Trio for pianoforte and with orchestra or quartet, and other violin
strings, op. 77 ; 3 duos for pianoforte and music. Mendel Fetis. ;
violin, op.57 (with Richard Wiierst) An- KUMMER, KASPAR, born at Erlau,
;
dante, with violin or clarinet Symphonie Prussian Saxonj', Dec. 10, 1795, died at
;
de piano, op. 27 Sonata, op. 7 Many salon Coburg, May 21, 1870. Virtuoso on the
; ;
pieces, paraphrases, fantasias, etc. Selnile flute, pupil of Neumeister, city musician at
;
des Oktavenspiels, op. 18 Songs, op. 1 and Schleusingen, and of the Cantor Staps be-
; ;
10. AUgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 3G1 Mendel came flutist in the ducal chapel, Coburg, in
; ;
Riemann, 192 Futis, Supplement, ii. 53.

; 1813, and afterwards Musikdirektor. He
KUMMER, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, born published concertos, trios, duos, rondos,
in Meiningeu, Aug. 5, 1797, died in Dres- variations, etudes, etc., for flute ;
Quintets,
den, May 22, 1879. Violoncellist, pupil of quartets, and trios for flute and strings ;
Dotzauer iu Dresden ; learned also the Cantatas and church music. Mendel Fe- ;
oboe, and was made a member of the court tis.
orchestra in 1811, but returned to his first KUNC, ALOYS MARTIN, born at Cinte-
instrument in 1817. He made jjrofessional i
gabelle (Haute-Garonne), France, Jan. 1,
405
;
KtNDINGER
1832, still living, 1889. Church composer lin, a symphony, overtures, mazurkas for
was a choir boy iu the Cathedral of Toulouse, pianoforte, songs, etc.
Mendel Viotta. ;
theu studied organ and composition under KUNDINGEE, GEORG (WILHELM),

Hommey while attending the Esquile Semi- born at Konigshofen, Bavaria, Nov. 28,
nar}', where he became a teacher in 1849. 1800, still living,Church composer,
1889.
He was organist of Notre Dame at Lom- studied singing, pianoforte, and organ in
bez, in the diocese of Auch, in 1852-57, and the convent of Heilbrouu, and (1816) at the
maitre de chapelle of the Cathedral of Auch teachers' seminary of Nuremberg, where he
in 1857. He took part in the Congress held was a pupil of the Cantor ZOsinger be- ;
iu Paris for the revival of the French choral came Cantor at Windsheim iu 1819, and
service, 18G0, and was sent in 1861, in this Cantor and organist at Kitzingeu in 1820.
behalf, to Home, where he was elected He then studied theory under Frohlich and
member of the St. Cecilia Society. He was Kiiftuer, at Wiirzburg, 1825-31, and often
appointed professor and maitre de chapelle apjDeared in concerts as a pianist there,
of the Jesuit College, Toulouse, and organist and Nuremberg, Frankfort, etc. In 1831
at
of Saint-Aubiu, ib., iu 1863, organist and he went as Cantor and Musikdirektor to
maitre de chapelle of the Church of Jesus Nordlingen, and in 1838 to Nuremberg,
iu 1865, and of the Cathedral of Toulouse where he conducted several singing socie-
iu 1870 at the same time he became pro-
; ties. He afterwards retired to Fiirth, where
fessor at the Conservatoire and the Nor- he taught music. He composed church can-
mal School. He received the orders of St. tatas, hymns, etc., and instrumental music.
Sylvester and of the Golden Spur from the Mendel Fetis. ;
Pope in 1868, and obtained a prize from KUNDINGER, RUDOLF, born at NOrd-
Rome for some of his didactic works in lingen, May 2, 1832, still living, 1889. Pi-
1870. Works 2 masses 15 motets for
: ; anist,son and pupil of Georg Kiiudiugor on
festivals 32 canticles to the Holy Virgin
;
;
the pianoforte and organ, and of Bluniruder
Corona sacra, collection of 100 religious in harmony and counterpoint went as ;
pieces Chants de la milice du Pape

; Ecrin ; private tutor to St. Petersburg, where he
de rOi'ganiste Pianoforte music Songs.
; ; appeared in the concerts of the Imperial
Among his didactic works are Le plain-: Music Society, and in 1860 became instruc-
chant liturgi(iuo dans I'archidiocc'se d'Auch tor to the children of the Grand Duke Con-
(1858) ; Memoire sur le nouveau chant li- stantino since then he has confined him-
;
turgique de Toulouse (1860) Essai sur le

; self to instruction at the imperial court. In
rhythme qui convieut au plain-chant (ib.) ;
1879-80 he was professor at the Conserva-
L9 plain-chant romain et le nouveau chant torium. Of his compositions only a trio
liturgique de Toulouse (1861).
Fetis do., ; for pianoforte and strings, and some salon
Suppli'ment, ii. 54 Mendel.
; pieces, have been published. Mendel; Rie-
KUNDINGER, AUGUST, born at Kit- mann.
zingen, Bavaria, Feb. 13, 1827, still living, KUNKEL, FRANZ JOSEPH, born at
1889. son of Georg Kiindinger, Dieburg, Hesse, Aug. 20,
Violinist, 1804, died at
pupil of the court musician Horn, and the Frankfort, Dec. 31, 1880. After learning
court organist Ett in Munich, and in 1842 several instruments and studying compo-
of BiJhm and Preyer at the Vienna Conser- sition, he became a school teacher at Hep-
vatorium. In 1845 he travelled through penheim in 1824, rector of the Biirger-
Germany as violinist, lived in Jena for two schule at Beusheim in 1828, and from 1834
vears, and in 1852 went to St. Petersburcr, taught vocal music at the Gymnasium, and
where he became violinist of the Imperial later also at theSeminary there. He was
orchestra. He composed concertos for vio- pensioned in 1854, and retired to Frank-
4U6
;
KUNST
fort.Works Dev Tod Jesu, cantata Ger-
: ; there in 1830. Pianist, inventor of the
man mass Psalms and motets Choruses
;
; orchestrion and perfecter of the Bogen-
and songs 12 choral preludes 9 festival
; ;
clavier, or flute-pianoforte. Works Die:
pieces, and many fugues for organ Kath- ; Bezauberten, opera, given in Prague, 1779 ;
olisches Choralbuch Musical articles and

; Music to the drama Konig Wenzel ; Pyg-

pamphlets. Mendel Fetis. ; malion, cantata (1781) Other operas, can-
;
KUNST DER FUGE, DIE (The Art of tatas, several overtures Pianoforte music, ;
Fugue), for the clavier, by Johaun Sebastian and many songs. Gerber ; Wurzbach ; Fc-
Bach, consisting of separate fugues, de- tis ; Schilling.
veloped from the same theme through in- KUNTZE, KARL, born in Treves, May
tricate device.s of counterpoint and inver- 17, died at DeHtzsch, Sept. 7, 1883. Pian-
sion, and forming one large fugue. The ist and organist, pupil of his fathei', and at
greater part was engraved under Bach's Magdeburg of A. Miihling then at the ;
supervision ;through the ignorance of Royal Institute for Church Music, Berlin,
but,
the editors, it was first published in much pupil of A. W. Bach, Marx, and Rungen-
disorder, many sketches, completed move- hagen. He became Cantor and organist at
ments, and two fugues for two claviers be- Pritzwalk, and in 1852 was made royal Mu-
ing interpolated by mistake. After their sikdirektor, in 1858 organist at Aschersle-
excision the work contains 15 fugues and 4 ben, and in 1873 musical instructor at the
canons but how Bach intended to com- seminary in Delitzsch. He conducted sev-
;
bine these is not known. The autograph is eral musical festivals, and was especially
in the Kuuigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. It popular as the composer of humorous and
was published by Emanuel Bach's order comic quartets for male voices. Works :
(Marburg, Berlin, but only 30 copies Im Gebirge, operetta, given at Dessau,

17.52),
were jirinted, and on Sept. 14, 17G6, Bach 1875 Motets, Ave Maria, and other church ;
offered the GO plates for sale. The score music Overtures for full orchestra, and ;
was edited by Carl Maria von Weber (Nii- for wind instruments Marches, dances, etc. ;
geli, Zurich, 1803) and by Czerny (Peters, Many choruses, quartets, duets, and songs.
;
Leipsic, 1839). The latter contains the Ei-

Mendel Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 54. ;
cerca and the Thema regium from Bach's KUNZ, KONEAD ILiX, born at Schwan-
Musikalisches Opfor, to which was prefixed dorf, Bavaria, Dec. 30, 1812, died in Mu-
Moritz Hauptmann's Erliluterungen (pub- nich, Aug. 3, 1875. He studied music
lished separately by Peters, Leipsic, 1841). while in the Gymnasium at Amberg ; and
An analysis of the Art of Fugue was read, while studying medicine subsequently, in
by James Higgs, before the Musical Asso- Munich, supported himself by teaching the
ciation of London, and published in its pianoforte, and became a pupil of Hart-
proceedings in 187G-77. An unfinished mann Stuntz. He conducted afterwards
clavier fugue of colossal dimensions, on several singing societies, among others the
three themes, the last being the name Liedertafel, which he helped to found, and
Bach, was published by mistake in the orig- for which he wrote a number of choruses
inal edition of the Art of Fugue. An that became widely popular. His best
edition of the Kunst der Fuge, by Dr. Wil- known work is a collection of 200 canons,
helm Rust, published by the Bach-Gesell- op. 14, a supplement to every pianoforte
is
schaft, vol. XXV. (Leipsic, 1875).

Spitta, method, which went through several Ger-
Bach, ii. 671, G84 Poole, Bach, 116
; Cil- man and foreign editions. Allgem. d.
;

cilia (24), 17. Mendel.Biogr., xvii. 399 ; Fetis ;
KUNTZ (Kunz), THOMAS ANTON, KUNZEN, ADOLPH KARL, born at Wit-

born in Prague, Dec. 21, 1756, still living tenberg, Sept. 22, 1720, died at Liibeck
407
;
KUKZEN
in 1781. Organist and harpsichord player, Ossian's Harfe (not given) Naturens Rost ;
son of Johauu Paul Kuuzeu, with whom he (The Voice of Nature), ib., 1799 Hjemkom- ;
made a concert tour to Holland and Eng- sten (Return home), ib., 1802 Husarerue ;
land at the age of eight in London he was ; paa Frieri (The Hussars a-wooiug), 1813 ;
a favourite of Dr. Pepusch. From 1729 he Music to the dramas Eropolis, 1803, Hussi-
lived in Hamburg, and nothing is known and Gyrithe, 1807. Oratorios terne, 1806,
of him until 1750, when he became Kapell- Die Auferstehung, 179G Das and cantatas : ;
meister at Schwerin. In 1757 he succeeded Hallelujah der Schopfung, 1798 Der Ero- ;
to his fathers position as organist in LU- berer und der Friedensfurst, 1802 Ti-auer- ;
beck. His hand having become useless cantata on the death of J. A. P. Schulz,
from pai-alysis in 1772, his pupil Kdnigs- 1800 Hymne auf Gott, 1800 Overtures, ; ;
lowe was assigned him as adjunct. He pianoforte music, songs, etc. AUgem. d.
was greatly honoured as organist and pian- Biogr., xvii. 403 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xvii. ;
ist. Works Die gijttlicho Berufung des G5 xix. 185 Fetis Gerber Mendel; do.,
: ; ; ; ;
Glaubens Abrahams, oratorio Passion Ergiinz., 201 Schilhng. ; ;
oratorio Symphonies 21 concertos for

; KUNZEN, JOHANN PAUL, born at
;
violin ; G do. for oboe

8 do. for flute Leisnig, Saxony, Aug. 30, 1G9G, died at Lii-
;
Motets, cantatas, none of which were beck in 1770. Organist went to Torgau
etc., ;
published. Much of this music is now in when nine years old, then to Freiberg, and
the library of the Conservatoire, Brussels. finally to Leipsic (171G), where he taught
A few of his sonatas were published in music to support himself, and through his
London, and some of his music is to be teachers llau and Kuhnau obtained lucra-
found in Cramer's collection entitled Flora. tive patronage and a position as violinist in
Mendel Fetis Gerber Schilling Bur- the theatre and concert orchestras he also
; ; ; ; ;
ucy, Hist., iv. ()52. sang in opera and was assistant organist at
kUNZEX, FRIEDllICH LUDWIG
the Nicolai Church. In 1718 he became
.15MILIUS, born in Liibeck, Sept. 24, 1701, Kapellmeister at Zerbst, but went to Wit-
died in Copenhagen, Jan. 28, 1817. Dra- tenberg in 1719, where he founded the
matic composer, son and pupil of Adolph public concerts. In 1723 he went to Ham-
Karl Kunzen studied harmony in Ham- burg, and brought out some of his oiêras,
;
bui"g, and in 1784 entered the University travelled in Holland and England with his
of Kiel. In 1787 he went to Copenhagen, eight year old son Adolph Karl in 1728-29,
where he taught music and won success and was organist in Liibeck in 1732-57.
with his first opera in 1790 he went to Mattheson calls him one of the best com-
;
Berlin, and with Keichardt founded the posers of his time, but his Passion music,
Musikalisches Wochenblatt (1791), and Mu- his vocal works, etc., were never published
sikahsche Mouatsschrift (1792). For a short and ai"e all forgotten. His oratorio, Belsa-
time Kapellmeister of the theatres at Frank- zar, was considered his best work. Gerber ;
fort and at Prague, he became, in 1795, Schilling Mendel Fetis. ; ;
court Kapelmester in Copenhagen. Royal KUPSCH, KARL GUSTAV, born in

professor Order of Danebrog member of Berlin, Feb. 24, 1807, died at Naumburg,
; ;

Stockholm Academj'. Works Oiêras Hol- July 30, 1846. Dramatic composer, pupil :
ger Danske (Oberon), given at Copenhagen, of Berger on the pianoforte, of A. W. Bach

1789 Das Fest der Winzer, oder die Wein- on the organ, of Ritz on the violin, of Be-
;
lese, Prague, 1795 Hemmeligheden (The nelli in singing, and of Zelter and Bernhard
;
Secret), Copenhagen, 179G Dragedukken, Klein in composition became organist of

; :
;
ib., 1797 Jokeyen, ib., 1797 Erik Ejegad, the Werder Church, Berlin, in 1825, and
; ; i
ib., 1798 Min bedstemoder, ib., 1799 founded a music school on Logier's system.
;
1
40S
:; ;
KURPIXSKI
After living in Leipsic and Dresden went Le bonrgeoia gentilhomme, Terpsichore sur lie
j
to Liibeek as musical director of the Stadt- la Vistule, Mars et Flore, etc. Masses Can- ;
theater tbence, in 1838, to Rotterdam as tatas

; Symphonies Nocturnes Fugues ; ; ;
;
director and professor of the Singing Acad- JIusic for strings, for pianoforte, and for
emy, and orchestral conductor of the Eru- wind instruments. Fetis Mendel Schil- ; ;
ditio Musica concert societj'. Returning to ling Sowiiiski, 3.53. ;
Germany in ISiu, he was musical director KURZINGER, PAUL, born at Wiirzbur"

of the theatre at Freiburg im Breisgau, and in 17G0, was living in Vienna in 1807. Dra-
in 181G at Nauniburg. He was Schumann's matic and church composer, sou and pupil
teacher in theory for a short time. Works of Iguaz Franz Xaver Kiirzinger, who was :
Fridolin, opera, about 1840 Music to Wal- Kapellmeister at Mergentheini about 1750.
;
leustein's Tod, and to the ixantomime, Der Destined to the law by his father, he finally
Zauberkessel Pianoforte pieces
; Songs, adopted music as a profession, and became
;
Mendel; Fi'tis. violinist in the Elector's orchestra in Mu-

KURPINSKI, KARL (KASIMIR), born nich afterwards lived again at Wiirzburg, ;
at Luschwitz, Posen, March 5, 1785, died but soon went to Ratisbon, where he entered
at Warsaw, Sept. IS, 1857. Dramatic com- the service of the Prince of Thurn und
poser, entered the orchestra of the Starosty Taxis was called to Vienna by Joseph II. ;
Felix Polanowski in Galicia was made

and made director of music in a school iu
; as-
sistant conductor at the National Theatre Vienna. Works Die Griifin, opera, civen :
in Warsaw about 1810 ajjpointed court iu Munich, 1773 Die Illumination, Vieni:ia,
; ;
Kapellmeister to Emperor Alexander I. in 1792 Robert uud Calliste, ib., 1794 ;

;
1819, and decorated with the order of St. Church music Songs, dances, etc. Fetis ; ;
Stanislaus in 1823 he then visited Ger- Mendel Schilling.

; ;
many, France, and Italy, to study the con- KUSSER. See Coustter.
dition of music iu those countries, returned KUSTER, HERMANN, boru at Templin,
in 1824, and retired to private life iu 1841. Braudenburg, July 14, 1817, died at Her-
Works Operas Dwie Chatki (Two Huts), ford, Westphalia, March 17, 1878. Organ-
:
1811 ; Palac Lucyfera (Lucifer's Palace), ist, pupil of the Cantor Christiau Koch on
1811 ; Martynowa w Seraju (^Martin's Wife the pianoforte and organ, then, at the Acad-
'
in the Ruiny Babilonu (The emy and at the Royal Institute for Church
Harem), 1812 ;
Ruins of Babylon), Szarlatan (The Char- Music iu Berliu, pupil of A. W. Bach, Lud-
latan), 1814 Laska Imperatora (The Em- wig Berger, Rungenhageu, and Marx. He
;
peror's Favour), 1814 Jadwiga (Hedvig), was Musikdirektor at Saarbriicken iu 1845

;
1814 Agar na pu.szezy (Hagar in the Des- -52, then taught iu Berlin, where he found-
;
ert), 1814 Alexander i Apelles, 1815 ed the Tonkiinstlerverein, and in 1857 suc-
;
Obl^zenie Gdanska (The Siege of Dantzic), ceeded Grell as court and cathedral organ-
1815 Nadgroda (Recompense), 1815 Mala ist and royal Musikdirektor. He was made
; ;
Szkota Ojcow (Father's bad Example), 1816 professor in 1874. Works Oratorios ;
:
Nowe Krakowiaki, 1816 Dziadek, 1816 Judith Julian der Abtriinnige

; Die Er- ; ; ;
Ero i Leander, 1816 Jan Kochanowski, scheinung des Kreuzes Johannes der Evan-
; :
1817 ;
Baterya o jednym zotniezu (Battery gelist Das Wort des Herrn Die ewige ^
; ;
served by a single soldier), Czaro- Heimath Hermann der Deutsche. Church

1817 ; ;
j
mySl, 1818 ;
Zamek na Czorstynie (The and orchestral music, songs, etc. More im-
Castle of 1819
Czorstyn), Le forestier, portant are his writings Populilre Vortriige
; :
1819 ; Kalmora, 1820Casimir le grand fiber Bildung und Begriindung eines mu-
;
;
Nasze przebiegi Cecile de Piasczezno INIu- sikalischen Urtheils (Leipsic, 1870-77)

;
;
;
sic to the tragedy Zbiguiew, 1819. Ballets Ueber Handel's Israel in Aegypten (1854)
409
;
KUTTXOIIORSIvY
Ueber die Formen in der Musik (1872) etc. LABARRE, THEODORE, born
; in Paris,
Allgeiu. d. Biogr., xvii. 43G Meudel March 5, 1805, died there, March
; 9, 1870.
Futis ; do., Supplement, ii. 54. Harpist, pupil of Cousineau, Bochsa, Nader-
KUTTNOHOKSKY, JOHANN NEPO- man, and at the Conservatou-e of Dourlen,
MUK, born in Prague about 1735, died Eler, Fetis, and Boieldieu. He visited Eng-
there in 1781. Tenor singer, pupil of bis land in 1824, and then lived alternately in
father became tenor in the Metropolitan London and in Paris, where he became chef
;
Church, then in St. Maria de Victoria, choir- d'orchestre at the Opera Comique iu 1847-
director at the castle, and in the Benedic- 49. He went again to London, but returned
tine church on the Hradschin. He was to Paris in 1851 to direct for Napoleon IH.
one of the best singers of his time and a Later he was appointed professor of harji at
favourite composer, though none of his mu- the Conservatoire. Works Operas Les :
sic, among which are 2 masses and 8 sym- deux families, given in Paris, Opera Comique,
phonies, was ever pubUshed.

Mendel 1831 L'aspirant de marine, ib., 1834 Le ; ; ;
Schilling "Wurzbach. ;
menetrier, ou les deux duchesses, ib., 1845 ;
KUZZI, ANTON JOSEPH, Uved in St. Pautagruel, OjJera, 1855. Ballets: La re-
Petersburg in 1796. Dramatic composer, volte au serail, OiJora, 1833 Jovita, ou les ;
pupil of Dittersdorf. Among bis ojêras boucaniers, ib., 1853 La Fonti, ib., 1855 ; ;
was Belmonte und Constanze. He com- Graziosa, ib., 1861 Le roi d'Yvetot, ib., ;
posed also symphonies, concertos, and Ger- 1865. Duos for harp and violin Duos for ;
man and Italian arias. Mendel Gerber harp and pianoforte Trios and duos for harp
;
;
;
Schilling. and wind instruments Numerous pieces, ;
and a Methode complete for harp. Futis ;
do.. Supplement, ii. 56 Mendel; Riemaun. ;
LABAKRE, LOUIS JULIEN CASTELS L.ABAT, JEAN BM'TISTE, born at Ver-

DE, born in Paris, March 24, 1771, dun, France, June 17, 1802, died at Laga-
died (?). Violinist, Or-
pupil of Viotti, rosse (Tarn-et-Garonne), Jan.
6, 1875.
later at the Conservatorio dell Pietu, Naples, Jacques Caussu in Toulouse, ganist, pupil of
of Sala. He retui-ued to France in 1793, and of Benoist and Fetis at the Paris Con-
and studied composition and counterpoint servatoire. He was organist in his native
with Mehul was for two years first violin- city, then organist and maitre de ehajielle at
;
ist at the Theatre de Moliere, then from Montauban, where he founded a philhar-
1795 at the Opera, which he left for a po- monic society and established a course on
sition iu the family of theEmperor Napo- harmony, from which issued many able pu-
leon. Works Les epoux de seize ans, pils. Works Grand opera (unpublished)
: :
;
opera, given in Paris, Theatre de Moliere, Noel, La Sybille, oratorios Messe solen- ;
1798 Scene from Les adieux du Cid i Chi- nelle with orchestra, and two short masses
;
m6ne 2 collections of romances Duets, with organ Grand Magnificat 2 collections

; ; ; ;
capi-ices, and airs varies for violin. Fetis ;

of motets ; Collection of cantatas ; do. of
Mendel. canticles ; do. of fugues for the organ ; 2
LABARRE, mCHEL DE, born in Paris anthems, alia Palestrina, for six voices ; Le
about 1675, died there iu 1743. Flutist siege de Montauban, overture for grand or-
autl dramatic composer. Works Pj'gma- : chestra Leyons d'harmonie and Leyous de
;
liou, opera, and Le triomphe des arts, oiJt'ra- system of Fetis Pi-
contreiDoint, after the ;
ballet, given at the Acadcmie Koyale de Mu- anoforte music and many songs. Fetis ;
sique, 1700 La Vcnitieuue, comedie-ballet,

; do.. Supplement, ii. 56 ; Mendel.
ib., 1705 Duos and trios for the flute. Fe-
; LABITZKY (Labitski), JOSEPH, born at
tis ; "INIeudel. Schonfeld, Bohemia, July 4, 1802, died at
410
LA BOCCA
Carlsbad, Aug. IS, 1881. Violinist, pupil of et retrouve, Comedie Italienne, 17G4 Leg ;
Veit at Petschaii, and of Winter in Munich in amours de Gonesse, Nouveau Theatre Ita-
composition ;
played lien, 17G5 Amphion, Opera, 17G7 La cin-
; ;
in the orchestra at quantaiue, ib., 1771 ; Adele de Ponthieu, ib.,

Marienbad in 1820, 1772 ; Trois deesses rivales ; Collection of
at Carlsbad in 1821; songs. Fetis ; Mendel ; Gerber.
then formed an oi'- LA BRISE EST MUETTE. See Le
cbestra of his own Proplule.
and made concert LA CALUNNIA 15 UN VENTICELLO.
tours. He settled at See n IJarhierc di Siviglia, Rossini.
Carlsbad as director LAC DES FEES, LE, opera in five acts,
of orchestra in 1835, text by Scribe and Melesville, music by
visited St. Peters- Auber, first represented at the Academie
burg in 1839, Loudon Royale de Musique, Paris, April 1, 1839.
iu 1850, and as-
sociated his son August with him in direct- The overture alone survives. Published by
ing his orchestra. His numerous compo- Breitkojjf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1840). Same
sitions shared the popularity of those of subject, Italian opera, by Carlo Coccia, Tu-
Strauss and Lanner. Works Waltzes, pol- rin, 1841 by Cesare Dominiceti, text by
: ;
kas, galops, quadrilles,marches String quar- Zanardini, Naples, May 18, 1878.
;
tets ;Concertos Divertissements and vari-

; LA CHAiNE DE L'HYMEN M'E-
ations for different instruments.
Allgem. d. TONNE. See Armide et Reuaud.
Biogr., svii. 4G7 Wurzbach Mendel; Eie-
; LACHER, JOSEPH, born at Haunstetten,
;
mann Fetis Schilling, Supplement, 258.

; ; near Augsburg, Nov. 5, 1739, died at Kemp-
LA BOCCA VAGA, alto aria of Euggiero, ten, Bavaria, about 1804. Virtuoso ou the
in E major, with accompaniment of strings oboe, the clarinet, and the English horn,
complete and continuo, in Handel's Alcina, first instructed by his father, but mostly
Act I., Scene 12. Published separate!}', in self-taught. After having served several
filled-out pianoforte score, by Otto Dresel years in Bavarian military bands, he made
(Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel). concert tours in Switzerland and Germany,
LABORDE (de la Borde), JEAN BEN- and afterwards became Kajsellmeister to
JAMIN DE, born in Paris, Sept. 5, 1734, the Prince Abbot of Kemjiten. Works :
died there, July 22, 1794 Dramatic com- A duodrama, Emma und Edgar Octets, ;
poser, pupil of Dauvergne on the violin, quintets, quartets, and concertos for differ-
and of Rameau in composition. An atten- ent instruments. Mendel Fetis. ;
dant of Louis XV., he became one of the LACHNER, FRANZ, boru at Rain, Ba-
Compagnie des Permiers Generaux but varia, April 2, 1804, -r^^*^^ ;
after the death of the king he retired still living, 1889.

from and devoted himself to Pupil of his father, a
court life
composition and study. He was one of the poor organist, then
victims of the Revolution. Works Op- at Neuburg pupil of
eras Gilles, gar9on-peintre, given at the Eisenhofer, becoming
:
Theatre de la Foire-Saint-Germain, 1758 proficient on the pi- ;
Les epreuves de I'amour, ib., 1759 Les anoforte, organ, and ;
bons amis. Opera Comique, 1761 Annette violoncello. After ;
etLubin, private theatre of Richelieu, 17G2 deciding to make ;
Ismene et Ismenias, ou la fete de Jupiter, music his profession,

given at court, 17G3, and in the Academie he went to Munich, earned his living by
Royale de Musique, 1770 ; L'anneau perdu teaching and playing in an orchestra, and
i
;;
;:
LACIINER
received iustructiou from Ett. In 1822 he Choruses ;
Quartets for male voices ; Trios
made his way to Vienna, long the goal of for female voices ; Many pieces for the pi-
his desires, secured a situation as organist
of the Protestant Church, and studied com-
position and counterpoint under Stadler
and Sechter. He became very intimate
with Schubert, and his talent was recog- anoforte, and songs. Fetis do.. Supple- ;
nized by Beethoven. In 182G he was made ment, ii. 57 Mendel Wurzbach Kiemann ; ; ; ;
Vice-Kapellmeister, in 1828 first Kapell- Schilling Schumann, Ges. Sehriften, 93, ; i.
meister, at the Kiirnthnerthor Theater, and 131, 263 ii. 107 Ambros, Bunte Bliitter, ; ;
during all his residence in Vienna he was ii. 115 Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, i. ;
an industrious composer. Summoned to 363 ii. 292, 315, 422. ;
Mannheim in 1834, to conduct the opera, he LACHNER, IGNAZ, born at Rain, Ba-
was induced, in 1836, to accept the appoint- varia, Sept. 11, 1807, still living, 1889.
ment as court Kapellmeister in Munich. He Brother of Franz and Vincenz Lachner.
did great service as director of the opera, the Pupil of his father, then at Augsburg of
sacred music of the court, and the concerts Neugebauer on the violin, of Keller on the
of the Musical Academj-, and in 18.52 was pianoforte, and of Witschka in composi-
appointed music director-general. The in- tion. Summoned by his brother Franz to
creasing devotion of the public to Wagner's Munich to join the orchestra of the Isar-
music made his position in Munich uncom- thor Theater, he followed him to Vienna in
fortable, so that he was moved in 1SG5 to 1824, became a member of the Kiirnthner-
ask for his retirement, which was granted thor Theater orchestra and organist of the
in 1868. The Munich University confeiTed Evangelical Church, and in 1825 Vice-Ka-
a doctor's degree upon him in 1872. In pellmeister at the Opera. Went to Stutt-
Southern Germany he is regarded as a gart as court music director in 1831, and to
classic writer. His suites are mastei-pieces. Munich in 1842 as second Kapellmeister
His style is natural, without an abnormal under his brother Franz. In 1853 he was ap-
striving after originality, and with a thor- jiointed Kajicllmoister of the theatre in Ham-
ough command of harmony and counter- burg, in 1858 court Kapellmiiistare at Stock-
point. Works Operas Die Biirgschaft, holm, and in 1861 Kapellmeister at Frank-
:
given at Pesth, 1828, Munich, 1834 Alidia, fort, where he still lives, retired since 1875.
;
Munich, 1839 Catarina Cornaro, ib., 1841 Works Ojieras Der Geisterthurm, Stutt-
;
;
:
Beuvenuto Cellini, ib., 1840 Music to the gart, 1837 Die Regenbrikler, ib., 1839
; ; ;
drama Lanassa, Vienna, 1832. Oratorios Loreley, Munich, 1846. Ballets, melodra-
Moses Die vier INIenschenalter Requiem, mas, and entr'actes Classes String quar-
; ; ; ;
op. 146 2 Stabat Mater, op. 154, 168

; tets Trios Symphonies Concert pieces
; ; ;
Solemn mass, op. 52 Other masses Psalms for difl'eront instruments Pianoforte sona-
; ; ;
and motets Fugues, sonatas, and other tas, and many songs. Mendel Riemann
; ; ;
pieces for organ ; Suites for orchestra, op. Fetis ; do., Suppk'meut, ii. 57 ; Schilling,
113, 11.5, 122, 129, 135, 150, 170 ; Sinfonia Supplement, 2G1.
appassionata, op. 52 ; L.\CHNER, \1NCENZ, born at Rain,
7 other symjihonies ;
Concert overtures Festival march for brass Bavaria, July 19, 1811, still living, 1889.
;
instruments Nonet for wind instruments Brother of Franz and Ignaz Lachner, pupil
;
;
Sextets, quintets, quartets, trios, and sona- of

his father on the pianoforte, organ, and
tas for pianoforte and strings 5 quartets violin for several years private tutor at
; ;
for strings Elegy for five violoncellos Posen, he went to Vienna, studied under
;
Serenade for four do. 2 concertos for harjj his brothers, and in 1831 succeeded Ignaz
;
413
LACHNITIl
as organist of the Evangelical Churcb. He Saint-Vaast-de-la-Hogue, Sept. 30, 1884.
took the place of Franz as court Kapell- Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, of
meister at Mannheim in 183G, and remained Zimmerman in 1829, and obtained first prize
there until pensioned in 1873 ; but in 1842 in 1831. With his sister, Felicie Lacombe,
he conducted the German opera in Loudon, and accomjjanied by his parents, he began
and in 1848 the Stadttheater at Frankfort. in 1832 a concert tour through France and
Works Symphonies Overtures, including Germany, and on arriving in Vienna studied
: ;
a prize Festouvertiire ; Music to SchiUer's the pianoforte under Czerny and Fischoft",
Turandot, and to Demetrius ; String quar- and theory under Sechter and Seyfried.
tetsQuartet for pianoforte and strings
;
He travelled through Germany again in ;

Many songs and choruses. Mendel Eie- 1840, and after studying harmony in Paris ;
mauu Schilling, Supplement, 2G1 Fetis under Barbereau devoted himself to com-
; ; ;
do., Supplement, ii. 57. position. He is of the school of Berlioz

LACHNITH, LUDWIG WENZEL, born and David, and aims to produce peculiar
in Prague, July 7, 174G, died iu Paris, Oct. effects bj' calling into action great instru-
3, 1820. mental and vocal masses. Works Operas
Virtuoso on the horn, first in- :
structed in Prague, by
and other Madone, given in Paris, Theatre Lyrique,
his father
teachers, on the violin, jîanoforte, and horn. 18G1 L'amoui', melodrama. Theatre Saint- ;
Having been for several years iu the service Marcel, 1859. Dramatic symphonies Man- :
of the Duke of Zweibrilcken, he went to fred, 1847 Arva, 1850. A lyric epos Sa- ; ;
Paris in 1773, studied the horn under Ro- pho, prize cantata for the Exposition of
dolphe, and appeared with great success in 1878 Quintet for pianoforte and strings ; ;
the Concerts Spirituels. C'omjjelled bj' ill- 2 trios for strings Sonatas and other pieces ;
health to give up his instrument, he stud- for pianoforte and violin Pianoforte pieces, ;
ied composition under Philidor in 177G, and and many songs. Fetis do.. Supplement, ;
gave pianoforte lessons. He adapted many ii. 57 Riemann Mendel Schilling Schu- ; ; ; ;
operas, one of which Fetis called " a mon- mann, Ges. Scbriften, ii. 132, 151.
strous compilation," and sometimes he even LACO:\IBE, PAUL, born at Carcassonne
combined the music of several celebrated in 1837, still living, 1889. Pupil of Teys-

composers into one piece. Works Ope- seyi'e visited Paris and other cities to ex- ;
ras L'heureux divorce, ou la reconciliation, tend his musical knowledge, and has made
:
given iu Paris, Comedie Italienne, 1785 a name for himself especially through his
;
L'autiquaire, Theatre de Monsieur, 1789 chamber music. Works Symphonic over- ;

:
Eugenie et Linval, ou le mauvais fils. Thea- ture Pastorale for orchestra Sonatas for ; ;
tre INIontansier, 1798 Les fetes lacedemo- pianoforte and violin Trio for pianoforte
; ;
niennes Adajjtatiou of Die Zauberflote, and strings.

; Pianoforte jjieces and songs.
called Les mysteres d'Isis Saiil, and La Fetis, Supplement, ii. 58
;
Mendel. ;
prise de Jericho, arrangements made to- LACO JIE (D'ESTALENX), PAUL (JEAN
gether with the elder Kalkbrenner About JACQUES), born at Houga (Gers), March
;
18 symphonies Quartets and trios for 4, 1838, still living, 1889. Dramatic com-
;
strings Concertos for horn Sonatas for poser, studied music at home, and, after
; ;
pianoforte and yiolin. He iniblished also a obtaining a good education, became a pupil
pianoforte method (with Adam). Fetis
of Don Jose Puig y Absubide. Later he
;
Mendel Wurzbach. ; went to Paris, where one of his operettas

LA CI DAREil LA MANO See Bon was awarded the first prize. He is also a
!
Giovanni. reporter for musical papers. Wôrks Ope-

LACOJIBE, LOUIS (BROUILLON-), ras Amphitryon, 1874 Jeanne, Jeannette et ; ;
born at Bourges, Nov. 2G, 1818, died at Jeanneton, 187G La dot mal placee. Oj)^ ;
413
:
LACOSTE
rettas : Le dolphe Ivi-eutzer. In 1805 he played be-
dernier des paladins ; L'epicier
par amour, 1870 ; J' veux mon
fore Napoleon at the Tuileries, and then peignoir ;
En Espagne, 1872 Le mouton enrage, say- went to Loudon, where he became a pupil
;
nete, 1873 La gardeuse d'oies, Paris, Oct. of Viotti and played in concerts with great
;
26, 1888 others, not performed

; Trio for success. He was called at first the Young ;
pianoforte and strings Dances and other ;

Spaniai'd, his realname being announced
pieces for pianoforte Songs Pieces for ; ; later. A few years afterwards, he went
comet and saxophone Douze psaumes des ;
upon the stage, and acted in Dublin, Edin-
h'riques fraujais The collections, Le bon
; burgh, and Glasgow in genteel comedy ;
vieux temps, Echos d'Espague, and Le tour but in 1818 resumed his instrument, and

du moude. Futis, Supplement, ii. 58 Men- ; was made director of concerts at Liverpool,
del, Ergiinz., 202. whither he returned in 1821, having served
LACOSTE, French di-amatic com- in London in 1820 as ballet composer for
,
jjoser of the 18th century, died after 1757. the Italian opera. Works Quintet for pi- :
He was chorist at Opera in Paris anoforte and strings

the Fantasias, rondos, ;
in 1693-1708. Works -Operas, given in etc., for pianoforte Songs. He adapted ;
Paris and Versailles 1697 Philo- : Aricie, ; very skilfully to the English stage both
mela, 1705 Rhadamante, 1707 Grouse,
; ; words and music of several pojiular ojieras,
1712; Tele-gone, 1725; Orion, 1728; Bi- by Rossini, Meyerbeer, Weber, etc. Fetis ;
blis, 1732 Pomone. Collection of Canta-

; do.. Supplement, ii. 59 Grove Mendel ; ; ;
tas. Fetis Mendel. ; do., Ergiiuz., 209.

LACRDIAS, two scenes for solo voice LA DONNA E MOBILE. See EigoMto.
with pianoforte accompaniment, by Schu- L.ADURNER, IGNAZ ANTON FRANZ
bert, op. 124, from " Lacrimas," drama by XAVER, born at Aldeiu, Tyrol, Aug. 1, 1766,
Wilhelm von Schiitz, composed in Septem- died at Villain, in the Commune of Massy
ber, 1825. Scene L Delphine Scene II. ; (Seine-et-Oise), March 4, 1839. Pianist,
Florio, Nun, da Schatten nicdergleiten. pupil of his father, an organist, whose po-
Published by Penauer and Schreiber (Vien- sition he supplied before going to Munich
na, 1829), and bj' LitoltF and Senflf (Leipsic). in 1784 to complete his studies. In 1788
LACROIX, ANTOINE, born at Rember- he settled in Paris, and taught with suc-
ville, near Nancy, in 1756, died at Llibeck cess, and later was ajjpointed professor at
in 1812. Violinist, pupil of Antoine Lo- the Conservatoire, where Auber and Boely
renziti appeared in Paris in concert about
; were among his pupils. In 1836 he retii-ed
1780, left France on account of the Revolu- to a villa at Massy. AVorks Operas Wen- :
tion, and lived some j-ears in Bremen in ; zel, ou le magistrat du peuple, given in
1793 he made a concert tour through Ger- Paris, Theatre Montansier, 1794 Les vieux ;
many and Denmark, and in 1800 was ap- fous. Theatre Feydeau, 1796 9 sonatas for ;
pointed music director at Liibeck, where he pianoforte and violin 12 sonatas, variations,
;
established a music trade in 1803. Works and numerous other pieces for pianoforte.
Quartets and duets for strings Sonatas and Fetis Mendel Riemann ; Schilling. ; ; ;
variations for violm and pianoforte. Men- LADY OF THE L.\KE, THE, cantata in
del Fetis Schilling
; ; Gerber Wasielew- two parts, text by Natalia ]\Iacfarren, from
; ;
ski. Die Violine, 258. Walter Scott's poem, music by George Alex-
LACY, mCHAEL ROPHINO, born at ander Macfarren, first performed at the in-
Bilbao, Spain, July 19, 1795, died in Lou- auguration of the New Town Hall, Glasgow,
don, Sept. 20, 1867. Violinist, son of an Nov. 15, 1877. It was given at the Crystal
English merchant educated in Bordeaux Palace, London, March 16, 1878. Athe-
;
and Paris, and studied the wolin under Ro- naeum (1877), ii. 673 (1878), i. 388. ;
;
LAFAGE
LAFAGE (Lafasge), JUSTE ADRIEN Germany, Italy, England, and Northern
LENOm DE, bom iu Paris, March 28, Europe.
In 1808 be succeeded Rode as
1801, died at Cliareuton, Marcli 8, 1862. solo violin to the Emperor of Russia had ;
Cburcb comjjoser aud writer ou music, a public contest in Milan with Paganini in
pupil of Perne aud Cboron, aud tbeu 1812 and on returning to Paris iu 1815
;
teacber of singing. In 1828 be went, with became

first violin to Louis XVHI. In
a goverumeut stipend, to Rome, where be 1831 he travelled iu Germany with Henri
studied under Baiui in 1829 be was made Herz, aud while on another tour with him
;
maitre de cbapelle of Saint-Etienne-du-Mout was killed iu au accident to the mail-coach.

in Paris, and iu 1833-3G, and again in 1848, He was a brilliant player, but bis compo-
weut to Italy, visiting also Germany, Sjjain, sitions are not very valuable, musically.
and England. He died in an insane as_ylum. Works La rivalitc villageoise, comic opera, :
Works I creditor!, farce, given iu Flor- given iu Paris, 1803 Another small ojjera,
: ;
ence Masses, motets, psalms, and other given at the imperial theatre of the Hermit-
;
church music Duos, fantasias, etc., for

; age, St. Petersburg ; 7 concertos for violin
flute. He was author also of Manuel com- aud orchestra Fantasias, variations, rondos,
;
plet de musique (Paris, 183G-38), begun by and other jsieces for violin About 20 duets ;
Cboron Scmeiologie musicale (ib., 1837)

; ;
for violin and pianoforte (with Herz, Kalk-
Histoire generale de la musique et de la brenuer, and others) About 200 songs. ;
dause (ib., ISH, 2 vols.) Miscellauees mu- ; Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. CO Mendel
; ; ;
sicales, containing biographical material 203 Schilling, Supplement, do., Ergiiuz., ;
about Haydn, Tritto, Bellini, aud others 264 Wasielewski, Die Violine, 369 Du- ; ;
(ib., 1844) Biographical notices of Mattei

; bourg. The Violin, 203 Hart, The Violin, ;
(1839), Zingarelli, Cboron (1844), Bocquil- 311 Phipson, Celebrated Violinists, 98. ;
lon-Wilhem, Baini (1844), Donizetti, etc. LA GARDE PASSE, IL EST INIINUIT.

Fetis ; do.. Supplement, ii. 59 ; Mendel ;
See Les deux avares.
Eiemann. LAGEL, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, born at
LAFAGE (La Faghe, La Fague, La
FlOssberg, Saxony, Dec. 13, 1777, died at
Farge), PIERRE DE, French composer of Gera, June 5, 1843. Pupil of his father, a
the latter half of the fifteenth century. village musician, on the pianoforte aud vio-
Works : Motet iu Petrucci's Motetti della lin ; later, at AJtenburg, of the cantor Krebs
Corona (1519) ; He was apijoiuted Cantor
2 motets in Pierre Attai- in composition.
gnant's collection (1534) Other composi- at Weyda in 1800, at Eiseuberg iu 1812, and
;
tions in various collections mentioned by Musikdirektor at Gera in 1815. Works :
Fetis. Fetis. Several oratorios Cantatas for church ;
LAFONT, CHARLES PHILIPPE, born festivals Sonatas for the iîanoforte ;

;
in Paris, Dec. 1, 1781, died between Ba- Songs. Fetis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
gneres-de-Bigorre and Tarbes, Aug. 14, 1839. LAGUERRE, ELISABETH CLAUDE

Virtuoso on the violin, nephew and jûpil of DE, born (Jaquet)iu Paris, 1669, died there,
Bertheaume, with whom he travelled in June 27, 1729. Pianist, in great favour at
Germany in 1792 then studied the violin the court of Louis XIV. for her talent as
;
in Paris under Kreutzer aud harmony under an improviser. Works Cephale et Procris, :
Navoigille and Berton. His voice having opera, given in Paris, 1694 Te Deum, for ;
been much praised by Garat, be became his grand chorus, performed in 1721 in the
pupil in singing, aud ap^jeared in concerts Cbapelle du Louvre for the celebration of the
at the Theatre Feydeau but soon returned king's recovery 2 collections of cantatas
; ;
to the violin, and studied under Rode. He 2 collections of sonatas and other pieces for
made concert tours iu Belgium, Holland, pianoforte. Fetis Mendel. j
;
416
;
LAHEE
LAHEE, HENRY, Eng- the Conservatoire, Paris, of Leborne in
born at Chelsea,
kua, April 11, 1826, Or- composition and counterpoint.

still living, 1889. Works
ganist, jjiipil of Goss Operas Le secret de I'oncle Vincent, given
:
5=.-.-.^
/ in composition and of in Paris, Ojiera Comique, 1855 Le duel du ;
Cipriani Potter and commandeur, ib., 1857 Mamzelle Pene- ;
Sterndale Bennett on lope, ib., 1859 Le neveu de Gulliver, ib., ;
the pianoforte. He 1861 ; La farce de maistre Villon, Theatre

was organist of Holy de TAthenee, 1872 Pierrot tenor, at En- ;
Trinity Church, gliien, by the company of the Opera Co-

Bromjiton, in 1817- mique, 1876 Ou guerit de la peur, opera ;

74 \Vorks Canta- de salon Le portrait d'un grand homme. ;
tas Building of the Opera Comique, in two acts, Paris, June 18,
:
Ship, 18G9 ;
The Blessing of the Children, 1883 Le roi de Carreau, operette in three
;
1870; The Sleeping Beauty, for female acts, Paris, Oct. 27, 1883. IMilitary mu-
voices. Anthems, concerted vocal music, sic ; Grande messe militaire ; L'Oi'jjheou de
songs, and pianoforte j)ieces. Many of his I'armee 6 choruses with accompaniment ;
madrigals have been awarded prizes. 25 marches and pas redoubles Marche ;
Brown. triomphale, and other military music. Fe-

LAHOUSSAYE, TIERKE, born in Paris, ti-s. Supplement, ii. 64.
April 12, 1735, died there in 1818. Violin- LAKME, opera-comique in two acts, text
ist, first self-taught, then pupil of Pififet and by Gondiuet and Philippe Gille, adapted
Pagiu afterwards at Padua of Tartini and

;
at Parma of Traetta in composition. In

1772 he went with Giiglielmi to London,
where he conducted the orchestra of the
Italian Opera for three years, then returned
to Paris, 1779 assumed the direction
and in
of the Concert Hpirituel and in 1781 that
of the Comcdie Italienne. In 1790-1800
he was chef d'orchestre of the Thc'atre de
Monsieur, conjointly with Puppo, but lost
his place when that was consolidated
theatre
with the ThOatre Favart. In 1802, on the
reorganization of the Conservatoire, he lost
his appointment as professor of violin and
became second violinist at the Opc^'ra, but
becoming deaf in 1813, passed his last years
in poverty. "Works Collection of sonatas
:
for violin (Paris) 12 church concertos, 7

;
collections of sonatas, and 3 of duos for the

violin. Fetis ; Mendel.
L.AISSE-JIOI CONTEJIPLEE TON
VISAGE. See Faust, Gounod.
LAJARTE, THEODORE (i:DOUAED
DUFAURE) DE, born at Bordeaux, July L'Ailemand, as Lakm^.
10, 1826, still living, 1889. Dramatic
composer and writer on music, pupil of from the romance " Le mariage de Loti,"
Graff on the pianoforte and violin, and at music by Leo Delibes, first represented at
416
:
LALANDE
the Opera Comique, Paris, April 14, 1883. ere's Melicerte Or nous ditcs, a Christmas-
;
Scene in India. Characters represented song 00 motets for chorus and orchestra.
;
Lakme, daughter of Nilakantlia ; Nilakan- Clement, Mus. celebres, 41 Fetis do., ; ;
tha, a Brahniiu priest ; Gerald, an English Supplement, ii. 00 Mendel Schilling. ; ;
officer, lover of Lakiue ; Frederick, a brother LALLA EOUI\iI, opera in two acts, text
officer ; Mallika, slave of Laknie Hadji, ; by Hippolyte Lucas and Michel Carre, from
do.; Ellen, Rose, and Mrs. Benson, English Thomas Moore's poem "Lalla Rookh," mu-
women. Gerald makes love to Lakme, is sic by Felicieu David, first represented at
stabbed by the fanatical father, is borne by the Opera Comique, Paris, May 12, 1802
;
Lakme and Hadji to a concealed hut in the revived in November, 1870. It is one of
forest, where he recovers, and
found by David's best operas. Published by Schott
is
Frederick, who informs him must (Mainz, 1863). Clement et Larousse, 393.
that he
rejoin his regiment. He is freed from LALO, EDOUAED, born about 1831,
his dilemma in the struggle between love still living, 1889. Vi-
and duty liy Lakme, who eats of a poi- olinist, iûiDil at the
sonous flower and, to the relief of her Conservatoire, Lille, of
parent, goes to Brahma. The title-role Banmann. He went
was sung in Paris by Marie Van Zandt. to Paris about 1858,
The opera was given in New York by the played there in cham-
American Opera Company, March 1, 1886, ber concerts, and de-
with Pauline L'Allemand as Lakme. The voted himself mostly
score is published by Heugel (Paris). Mus. to the composition of
Wochenblatt (1884)', 032 Krehbiel, Review orchestral
; works.
(1885-86), 1-53. Works : Fiesque, opera, accepted in Paris
LALANDE, MICHEL RICHAED DE, and Brussels, but never performed Le Boi
;
born in Paris, Dec. d'Ys, opera, Paris, May 7, 1888 ; Rhapsodie

15, 1657, died norvegienne, for orchestra ; Divertissement
there, June 18, for do.; Allegro symphonique, for
do.; 2 vio-
1726. Organist lin concertos ; String quartet in E-flat, op.
and church com- 19 ; Symphonie espagnole, for violin and or-
poser, pupil of chestra, op. 21 ; 2 trios ; Sonatas and other
Chajjeron on the pieces for i>ianoforte and strings ; Concerto
pianoforte, violin, for violoncello ; Songs. Fetis, Supuslement,
and in composi- ii. 06 ; Rlemann.
tion. About 1675 LALOUETTE (Lallouette), JEAN FRAN-
ho was appointed organist to four churches <^'OIS, born in Paris
in Parisand music-master to the royal in 1651, died at Ver-
princesses, daughters of Louis XTV., and in sailles, Sept. 1, 1728.
1683 was made chef de musique in the Violinist, pupil at
Royal Chapel. He was a great favourite the Maitrise Saint-
with the king, who bought from his widow Eustache of Guy-
his church compositions, left in manuscript, Leclerc, and later
for 40,000 livres. Works:
de la Ballet of Lulli in comjiosi-
Jeunesse, divertissement, Versailles, 1686 ; tion. He was first
L'amour flechi par la Constance, pastorale, violin, then chef
Fontainebleau, 1097 Les folies de Carde-
; d'orehestre at the
nio, ballet, Tuileries, 1720 Les elements, ; Opera until 1684. From 1693 he was mai-
ballet (with Destouches) ; Music to Moli- tre de chapelle of the metropolitan church
417
LA LUNA
at Rouen, and in 1695 at the Church of ples about 1790 L' aniante schernito, ;
Noti-e Dame, at Versailles. Works Several Orfeo, Italy, about the end of the 18th
:
ballets and intermezzos, which remain in century Masses and other church music ; ;
;
manuscript Motets and a Miserere. Fetis. Symphonies Concertos, quintets, quartets, ;
LA LUNA IM:\I0BILE. See 3Iefislofele. and trios for strings Sonatas for jîano- ;
LAiLy:Ê, JACQUES MCHEL HUREL forte. Fotis ; Jlendel.

DE, born in Paris, May 1, 1772, died at LA3IBETH, HENRY ALBERT, born at
Caen, March 27, 1823. Violoncellist, mu- Hard way, near Gosport, Hants, England,
sic page to the king, and pupil of Diipout Jan. 16,"l822, still living, 1889. Organist,
;
member in 1794-1800 of the orchestra at pupil of Thomas Adams. He went in 1853

the Theatre Fej-deau was professor of vio- to Glasgow, where he was conductor of the
;
loncello at the Conservatoire, but resigned Glasgow Choral Union in 1859-80 organ- ;
in 1801 to make a concert tour in Germany ist and conductor at the Park Chui-ch or- ;
and Russia, where he remained until 1809, ganist to Corporation of Glasgow and con-
;
when he returned to Paris. "Works Un- : ductor of various choirs. Works : Bow
der his name have appeared concertos, down Thine ear, cantata ; By the Waters of
duets, and variations for violoncello, but Babylon, do. The Scottish Book of Praise,
;
they are said to have been written by Au- edited with D. Baptie (1876) Arrange- ;
ber, who was then unwilling to be known ments of Scotch songs for choral purposes ;
as a composer. Ft'tis
Mendel Schilling. ; ; Songs, part-songs, pianoforte i)ieces, ar-
LAJMBERT, GEORGE JACKSON, born rangements, etc.
at Beverley, LA:\IBILL0TTE, POre LOUIS, born at

York, England, Nov. 16, 1791,
died there, Jan. 21, 1880. Organist, pupil Charleroi, Hainaut, March 27, 1797, died
of his father, afterwards in London of Lyon at Vaugirard, France, Feb. 27, 1855. Or-
and Dr. Crotch. He
succeeded his father ganist and church composer, and didactic
as organist at the principal church of Bev- writerat an early age he became organist ;
erley. Works Septet and 3 trios for pi- in his native town, then at Dinant-sur-la-
:
anoforte and strings Sonatas for jjiano- Meuse, and in 1822 maitre de chajjelle in
;
forte. Fetis. the Jesuits' College at Saint-Acheul. In

LAJUBERT, J\nCHEL, born Vivonne 1825 he joined the Order of Jesus, and,
at
(Poitou) in 1610, died in Paris in 1G9G. after having been ordained priest, lived al-
Virtuoso on the lute and theorbo went to ternately in the convents at Saint-Acheul,
;
Paris when very young and became music Freiburg in Switzerland, Aix, Savoy, Bruge-
page to Gaston d'Ork'ans, brother of Louis lette, Brieg, and Vaugirard. Works 4 :
Xni. received lessons from de Niel, or de masses with organ and orchestra Motets,
; ;
Niert, and was very celebrated as a singing hymns, canticles, and other church music ;
master. He was appointed, about 1650, Fugues for the organ. Fetis, ii. 70 Men- ;
master of chamber music to Louis XIV. del.

Works Au-s et brunettes (1660 2d ed.,
: LAiyiENTATIONS, symphony in D minor,
;
1689); Au-s et dialogues (1698). Fetis by Haydn, composed in 1772. It received

;
Mendel Riemann. ; its name from the theme of the Adagio,

LAINIBERTI, lAJlGl, born at Savona, Lamentationes Jeremise. I. Allegro assai
Italy, Oct. 22, 1769, died (?). Dramatic con spirito H. Adagio HI. Menuett IV. ; ; ;
composer, pupil of Slariani, whom he suc- Presto assai. Polil, Haydn, ii. 263.
ceeded as choirmaster at the cathedral of LAMPE, GEORG FRIEDRICH, born
his native town. In 1806 he went to Paris, at Wolfenbiittel in 1714, died at Schwedt,

where he still lived in 1812. Works Ope- beginning of the 19th century. Dramatic
ras I due fratelli origiuali, given in Na- composer
:
appeared as a tenor singer in ;

LAMPE
Hamburg in 1779, -went to Schwedt conductor of the Italian Opera in Londonin 1788 ;
as member of the Court Theatre, the date of his return to Milan is unknown. reth-ed
after some years, and devoted himself to Works Operas Ezio, given in Venice, :
teaching and composition. Works Op- 1737 Angelica e Medoro, ib., 1738 De- ; ;
eras : im Eichthale, Die

Das Miidchen mofoonte, Piacenza, 1738 Candace, Venice, ;
Liebe, given about the end of the 18th cen- 1740 ; Roxana, London, 1743 Alfonso, ib., ;
tury Cantatas, symphonies, and other or-

; 1744 ; Alceste, ib., 1745 Tigrane, ib., ;
chestral works, and many pieces for various 1747 Alessandro in Persia, 1748 La scu-
; ;
instruments. Futis ; Mendel. ola deUe cantatrici L' Olimpiade, about ;
LAMPE, JOHANN FBIEDMCH, born in 1750 Siroe, Milan, 1755 Artaserse, 1757
; ; ;
Saxony, or at Helm- Amor coutadiuo, Lodi, 17G6 Symphonies ; ;
stadt, Brunswick (?), Church music. Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling ;
in 1703, died in Ed- Burney, iv. 450.

inburgh, July 23, LANCTIN, CHARLES FRANCOIS
1751. He went to HONORK, called Duquesnoy, born at Beau-
England about 1725, vais (Oise), May 18, 1758, died in Brussels,
and became musi- May 9, 1822. He was a singer for a long
cian at the Opera in time at the theatre in Brussels, and in 1799
London ; visited -1802 in Hamburg was music director
; sev-
Dublin in 1718, and eral years in Alost, and from 1814 in Brus-
Ediubui'gh in 1750. sels. Works : Almanzor, ou le triomjjhe de
Works Operas : la gloire, opera-ballet, Brussels, 1787 ; Le
Amelia, The Dragon of Wantley,
1732 ; mystificateur mystifie, opera-eomique, ib.,
1737 Margery, or A Worse Plague than

; 1789 ; Le prix des arts, ou la fete flamande,
the Dragon, 1738 Roger and Joan, 1739 ; ;
opera, ib., 1791 ; Le voeu des Muses
Pyramus and Thisbe, 1745 Music for the ; reconnaissantes, cantata, Hamburg, 1795 ;
masque, The Sham Conjurer A cantata ;

;
Psalms ; Motets ; Hymns. Fetis ; do.. Sup-
Songs A Plain and Compendious Method
; plement, ii. 72.
of teaching Thorough-Bass (1737) The Ai-t ; LANDI, STEFFANO, born in Rome
of Musick (1710). Mendel Fetis Schil- ; ;
about the end of the 16th century, died
ling ; Grove. about 1640. Composer of church music,
LA31PERT, ERNST, born at Gotha, July and chantry-priest in the Pajsal Chajsel. He
3, 1818, died there, June 17, 1879. Pian- lived 1629 in Padua as maestro di cap-
till
ist,pupil of Hummel in Weimar, and of pella at the churches Del Santo and Santa
Spohr and Hauptmaun in Cassel. After his Maria in Monte. Works Sant' Alessio, mu- :
return to Gotha he was appointed chamber sical drama La morte d' Orfeo, pastorale
; ;
musician in 1842, Conzertmeister in 1844, Missa in benedictione nuptiarum Psalms for ;
and Hof-Kapellmeister in 1855. Works 4 voices Madrigals for 4-5 voices Collec-
; ;
Operas : Nanon, Ninon, Maiutenon, comic tion of masses for 4-5 voices a cappella ;
ojiera, given in Gotha, 1841 ; Dido, ib., Poesie diverse in musica ; 8 collections of
1845 ; Overtures
Cantatas Quartets for songs and duets. Fetis Mendel Riemann.
; ;
; ;
strings, and various pieces for pianoforte. LANDING OF THE PILGRIM FA-
Fetis do.. Supplement
; Mendel. THERS, THE, cantata, text the poem by
;
LA]\1PUGN.ANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, Mrs. Felicia Hemans, music by Otto Singer,

born in Milan in 1706, died there about written in 1876, and first sung in that year
1773. Dramatic composer, lived for some by the Cincinnati Harmonic Society, then
time in his native city as instructor, espe- conducted by the composer. Upton, Stand-
cially of vocal music, and in 1743 became ard Cantatas, 325.
41
LANDLICllE
LANDLICHE HOCHZEIT (Couutiy Gustav Salter. His talent was jjrecocious,
'Wedding), symiihonj', by Karl Goldmark, and he entered upon his career as pianist,
op. 26, first j)ei-foi-med iu Vienna, March church organist, and
12, 1876. Given by the Philharmonic So- teacher at the age of
ciety, New York, iu the season of 1876-77 ;
fifteen. In 1855 he
at the Crystal Loudon, March
Palace, went abroad, studied
2, 1878. I. Moderato niolto (Wedding- composition in Ber-
March, with variations) 11. Allegretto ; lin and elsewhere,
(Bridal Song) IU Allegretto moderato ; and continued his
scherzaudo (Serenade) IV. Audaute (In ; pianoforte practice
the Garden) V. Fiuale, Allegro molto
;
under Liszt's direc-
(Dance). Published by Schott (Maiuz, tion. In 1869 he
1876). Mus. "Wocheublatt (1876), 353 ;
made a second visit
Atheureum (1878), i. 325 Upton, Standard to Europe, ; giving concerts with success
Symphonies, li6 ; Bayreuther Blatter iu Berlin, Vienna, and Dresden. Since
(1880), 81. 1852 he has been successively organist at
LANG, ADOLF, born at Thorn, Prussia, Dr. Neale's church in Somerset Street,
June 10, 1830, still living, 1889. Violiuist, Boston, the Old South Church, for twen-
pupil of David, Meudelssohu, and Haupt- ty years at the South Congregational
mann from 1811 till Couserva- Church, and now at King's Chajsel. He
18-17 at the
torium, Leipsic ; was appointed first violin has also been for many years organist of
in 1851, and Kapellmeister in 1854, of the the Handel & Haydn Society. He was an
Friedrich-Wilhehustiidtisches Theater, Ber- influential member of the Concert Com-
lin,then devoted himself to composition. mittee of the Harvard Musical Associa-
Works Several
: operettas Overtures tion during the seventeen years in which
;
;
Marches Songs. ;
Fetis, Supplement, ii. it gave symphony concerts, and has been
72 ; Mendel. conductor of the Apollo Club and the Ce-
LANG, ALEX.\NDER, born at Eatisbon, cilia since their formation, besides giving
March 6, 1806, died at Erlangen, Feb. 18, many and chamber con-
orchestral, choral,
1837. Amateur pianist, first pupil of Choir- certs on his own account. As pianist and
master Braig iu his native town then con- ; conductor he has brought out in Boston
tinued his study of music while studying more works of importance than any other
law at the Universities of Erlangen and resident musician among these may be
;
Heidelberg. He was appointed professor mentioned especially Mendelssohn's Wal-

at the University of Erlangen, and institut- purgisnacht, and Berlioz's Danmation de
ed there in 1831 the Cilcilia music soci- Faust, besides the various larger cantatas
ety, which he conducted until his death. given by the Cecilia and the Apollo Club.
Works Concerto for pianoforte and orches- He is in great demand as a teacher, and
:
tra Variations for ijiauoforte and strings

; has formed many excellent pupils. Al- ;
Quartet for strings Duo for pianoforte though in no sense a Wagnerian, he was on
;
and guitar Many pieces for iiianoforte terms of intimacy with Wagner both at
;
;

Songs. Fetis Mendel. ; Triebschen and Bayreuth, and was actively
LANG, BENJAMIN JOHNSON, born, of instrumental iu raising funds in Boston for
American parents, in Salem, Massachusetts, the first Bayreuth Festival in 1876. His
Dec. 28, 1837, still living, 1889. He stud- works, which are as yet all in MS., comprise
ied the pianoforte under his father, an oran oratorio, David several symphonies and ;
ganist in Salem, then under Francis G. Hill, overtures for orchestra and a large num- |
;
of Boston, and later under Alfred Jaell and ber of compositions in almost every form of
420
LANG
chamber, aud pianoforte music, be- Liisehhorn, G. Schumann, and Grell in Ber-
cburcli,
sides many
songs. Of these about one lin. He played in concerts with great suc-
hundred and fifty works of church music cess iu 1860-70, and thence devoted himself
(Te Deum, Anthems, etc.), and a few songs more especially to composition. His works,
and fugitive pianoforte pieces, have been comprising original pieces and many fan-
performed. His daughter, Margaret Kuth- tasias, transcrii^tious, etc., for jjianoforte in
ven Lang (born in Boston, Nov. 27, 18G7, salon style, numbering more than two hun-
still Hving, 1889), is his pujiil on the piano- dred and fifty, became, for the greater part,
forte, and has studied under Schmidt in very popular. Meudel.
Boston, and Drechsler and Abel in Munich, LANGE (Langius), HIERONYMUS
for the violin, and under Gluth of Munich GEORG, boru at Havelberg, Brandenburg,
for composition. She has published some first half of the 16th century, died in Bres-
excellent songs, and has other works iu va- lau, May 1, 1587. He was Cantor at Frauk-
rious forms in MS. Several of her songs fort-on-the-Oder, and was one of the most
and a part-song have been sung in pubhc learned musicians of his time. Works :
iu Boston. Cantiones sacne for 4-8 voices (Nuremberg,

LANG, JOSEPHINE, born in Munich, 1580, 1584) ; Tricinia (Erfurt, 1618). Fe-
March Tubingen, Dec. 3,
14, 1815, died at tis Meudel Gerber.
; ;
1880. Dramatic singer and vocal compos- L.ANGE, JOSEPH, born at Wurzburg,
er, daughter and pupil of the famous singer April 1, died in Vienna, Sept. 18,
1751,
Kegina Hitzelberger Lang, and pupil of 1831. Dramatic composer, studied music
Frau Berlinghof- Wagner, and iu theory of in Vienna, devoted himself in 1770 to the
Mendelssohn, who speaks highly of her in and was engaged at the court thea-
stage,
his letters. She taught singing and piano- tre iu Vienna, where he became a public
forte and sang in the court chapel at Mu- favourite. Works Adelheid vou Ponthieu, :
nich, and iu 1812 married Professor KOstlin operetta, given in several German theatres,
of Tubingen, after whose death, iu 1856, she 1796.
taught music again. Her songs, number- LANGE, SAMUEL DE. See De Lange.
ing about 10 works, rank very high. She LANGER, FERDINAND, boru at Lei-
has also composed some pianoforte pieces. men, near Heidelberg, in 1839, still living,
^Sammlung mus. Vortrilge, iii. 49 HiUer, 1889. Violoncellist and dramatic composer,
;
Tonleben, ii. 116 Riemann, 502 Grove, mostly self-taught afterwards, as violoncel-
; ; ;
ii. 89. list Mannheim, f)u-

of the court orchestra at
LANGDON, RICHARD, born iu Exeter,
Hetsch in theory. Since 1868 he has
pil of
England, about 1735 ('?), died there, Sep- been music director of the court theatre
tember, 1803. Organist of Exeter Cathe- at Mannheim. Works Operas Die ge- :
dral 1770-77, of Bristol Cathedral in fiihrliche Nachbarschaft, given at Mann-

iu
1777-82, and of Armagh Cathedral in 1782 heim, June, 1868 DornrOscheu, ib., March ;
-94. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1761. Works: 18, 1873 AschenbrOdel, ib., July 7, 1878 ;
;
Twelve Sougs and two Cantatas (Loudon, Murillo, three acts, Mannheim, 1887, re-
u. d.) Twelve Glees for three and four written and given, ib., Sept. 16, 1888. Fetis,
;
voices 1770) Divine Harmony, Collec- Supplement, ii. 73 Mendel Riemanu.
(ib., ;
; ;
tion iu Score of Psalms and Anthems (ib., LANGERT, AUGUST, boru at Coburg iu
1774) Anthems, etc.
; Brown. 1830, still living, 1889. Dramatic comjjoser,
LANGE, GUSTAV, born at Schwerstedt, from 1860 Kapellmeister at the theatres of
near Erfurt, Prussia, Aug. 13, 1830, still Coburg, Mannheim (1865), Basel (1867),
living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of his father, of and Trieste (1868) then lived at Coburg, ;
Kribitzsch, and Gebhardi at Erfurt, and of Paris, and Berlin ; became iu 1872 iustruc-
421
;
LANGHANS
tor at the Conservatoire in Geneva and in de Chant et de Declamation in 1784-91, and
1873 Hof-Kaijellmeister at Gotba. "Works librarian and professor of harmony at the
Operas Die Jungfrau vou Orleans, given
: Paris Consei-vatoire. Works Ojieras :
at Coburg, 18G1 Des Siiugers Much, ib.,

;
Oreste et Tyndare (1783)
Antiochus et ;
1863 Doiia Maria, Infantiu von Spanien,

;
Stratonice, given at Versailles, 1786 Cori- ;
Darmstadt, 1866 Die Fabier, Coburg,

;
sandre, Academic Royale deMusique, 1791
1866, Berlin, 18G8 Dornroschen, Leipsic,
;
Soliman et Eronime, ou Mahomet H.,
1871 Jean Cavalier, Coburg, 1880 rewrit-
; ; (1792) ; La mort de Lavoisier (1794) ; Le
ten, and given as Die Camisarden, ib., Dec. choix dAlcide (1801) ; Medee ; L'auberge
15, 1887. Fetis Mendel Riemann.
; ; des volontaires ; Tancrode Les vengeances.
;
L.VXGHANS, WILHELIM, born in Ham- Cantatas ; Motets ;Monologues of Alcide,

burg, Sept. 21, 183-2, stiU living, 1889. Vio- of Sapho, and of Cii'ce ; 6 symphonies.
linist and writer on music. While at the Theoretical works : Traito d'harmonie et de
Johauueum, Hamburg, he was taught mu- la modulation (Paris, 1797) ; Traite de la
sic, then studied in 1849-52 under David basse sous le chant 1798)
(ib., Nouvelle ;
and Richter at the Couservatorium in Lei2> mcthode pour chiffrer les accords (ib.,
sic, and was admitted to the orchestra of 1801) ; Traite de la fugue 1805). F6-
(ib.,
the Gewandhaus and the theatre. He went tis ; Riemann ; Mendel ; Gerber Schil- ;
repeatedly to Paris, to study under Alard ;

ling.
was Conzertmeister in Diisseldorf in 1857- LANGUE, GEME, duet in E minor, for

60, appeared at concerts in Hamburg, 1860, soprano and alto, by Handel, No. 13 of the
in Paris, 1863, and in 1869 at Heidelberg, Chamber Duets (Hiindelgesellschaft, vol.
where he was made Doctor by the university. 32B). Published separately, with addi-
In 1871 he settled in Berlin, devoting himself tional accompaniments by Robert Franz
to teaching, composition, and musical criti- (Leipsic, Kistner).
cism. In 1874: he was appointed professor of L.ANliRE (Lanier, Lanieri), NICHOLAS,
the history of music at the Keue Akademie born in Italy
der Tonkunst, and in 1881 at Scharwenka's about 1588, died
new Couservatorium. Honorary member in London in
of the Musical Academies, Florence (1878), 1665-1670. Sou
and Rome (1887). Works Quartet for: of Jerome Lanieri,
strings (prize, 1864, by the Societu del Quar- who emigrated
tetto in Florence) 20 etudes for viohn
; ;
from Italy to Eng-
Sonata for violin ; Duo for violin and piano- land. His name
forte ; Two sonatinas for pianoforte ; Par- first appears as a
erga, a collection of songs. He published composer and
Die Geschichte der Musik des 17, 18, und singer in a masque performed 1614 at in
19 Jahrhundcrts (1882-86), as a sequel to the English court. He wrote the music for
the history of music by Ambros. Fetis
masque by Ben Jonson, plaj-ed in 1617,
; a
Mendel Riemaun.
; and in it first introduced the recitative style
LANGLE, HONORfi FRANCOIS MA- into English compositions. He was also an
RIE, born at Monaco in 1741, died at Vil- exiêrt in painting and engi-aving, and was
liers-le-Bel, near Paris, Sept. 20, 1807. Pu- sent by Charles L to Italy in 1625, and again
jjil of Caffai'O at the Conservatorio della in 1627, to buy pictures. In 1626 he was
Pieta in Naples was; music director at appointed Master of the King's Musick, and
Genoa, and in 1768 went to Paris, where he in 1630 first marshal of the corporation of
devoted himself to teaching and composi- musicians lost both the appointments dur- ;
tion. He was teacher in the Ecole Royale ing the Revolution, and regained them on
433
; ;
LANNEll
the accession of Charles 11. Works Music returned to Styria in 1806, and from : He
for masques ;
1813 lived alternately there and in Vienna,
Pastoral on the birtli of Prince
Charles Funeral hymn for Charles I. New where he was director of the Conservatorium
; ;
Year's Songs. Songs and other pieces by in 1830-35. Works OjDeras Margaretha, :
him are in the British Museum MSS., and oder die Riiuber, given in Gratz, 1814, Vi-
in the collections, Select Musicall Ayres and enna, 1819 Die Morlaken, Gratz, 1817 ;
Dialogues (1G53, 1659) The Musical Com- Libussa, Briinn, 1819. Melodramas Ein
;
:
panion (1G67) The Treasury of Musick Uhr, Vienna, 1822 Kiitly, ib., 1827
;
Der ; ;
(1669) and Choice Ayres and Songs (1685). Murder Emmy Teels Die beiden Galleer-
; ; ;
Fetis ; Eiemann ;
Granger, Biogr. His- ensclaven ; Der Lowe von Florenz ; Der
tory of England, 107 Burney, Hist, of schwarze Aba, all represented, in 1823-30,
ii. ;
Music, ii. 346 Hawkins, do., iii. 380.

;
on difl'erent stages in Vienna and Germany.
LANNER. JOSEPH (FRANZ liKRh), Music to the drama Czar Iwan 2 sympho- ;
born in Vienna, April nies Overtures Solos for various instru- ; ;
12, 1801, died at ments, with orchestra Quintet for piano- ;
Oberdubling, near forte and wind instruments Grand trio for ;
Vienna, April 14, pianoforte, clarinet, and violoncello So- ;
1843. Composer of natas for pianoforte and violin Sonatas, ;
dance music, self- rondos, variations, and other pieces for

taught on the violin pianoforte. Fctis ; Mendel ; Schilling ;
and in composition ;
Wurzbach.
played at first in an LANZELOT (Launcelot), heroic opera, in
amateur quartet, in three acts, by Reiuhold L. Herman, written
which Strauss, his fuin 1880, in MS. The introduction and
ture rival, supplied opera were given at some scenes from this
the viola, Liederkranz

and which gradually assumed the the concert, Steinway Hall,
proportions of a full orchestra, being much New York, April 22, 1888.
in demand in places of amusement ; he LANZI, PETRONIO, born in Bologna,
conducted the court balls alternately with Italy, first half of the 18th century. Church
Strauss. He was appointed Kapellmeister composer, pupil of Predieri was maestro di ;
of the 2d Biirger regiment. He created cappella in his native city, and twice presi-
the modern Vienna waltz, which formerly dent of the Accademia Filarmonica. In hon-
had been only a short piece of dance mu- our of his second election, in 1770, a mass
sic. "Works A symphony Overtures of his composition was performed in the
: ; ;
Galops Quadrilles
;
Marches Polkas Church of S. Giovanni in Monte, which was
; ;
Waltzes. Other compositions, in all about highly commended by Burney in his mu-
210.
Wurzbach.xiv., 134; Allgem.d. Biogi-., sical journey in Italy. No other works by
xvii. 698 Mendel Fctis.
;
him are known. Futis Mendel Schilling.
;
; ;
LANNOY, flDOUARD, Baron DE, born LAPICIDA, ERASMUS, born in the sec-
in Brussels, Dec. 3, 1787, died in Vienna, ond half of the 15th century. Church com-
March 29, 1853. Dramatic composer and poser, well known in his time, as he was
writer on music ; began his studies at Gratz, often called Rasmo simply, or his name in-
Styria,whither his parents bad emigrated dicated only by the initials E. L. Neither ;
returned to Brussels in 1801, continued his the land of his birth nor anything of his
studies at the Lj-cee there, then in Paris, life is known ; his name is evidently latin-
becoming proficient from stonecutter. His compositions
in jurisprudence, phi- ized
losophy, mathematics, philology, on several are to be found in Petruccfs Motetti B
musical instruments, and in composition. (1503), Frottole (1507), Motetti a quattro
;
LAriS
voci (1507), and Lamentazioui (150G) iu LARUE (La Rue), PIERRE (Pierchon)
;
Petrejus's Auszug guter alter unci ueuer DE, born in Picardy, lived in the latter part
deutscbcv Liedlein (1539) in G. Ebaw's of the 15th and early part of the 16th cen-
;
83-mpboni;c jucundse (1538), etc. Fetis tury.

He is sometimes designated by the;
Riemann. Latin name Petrus Platensis, and by the

LAPIS, SANTO, born iu Bologna, Italy, Italians is called Piersou, Pierzon, Perisone,
beginning of the 18th century, died after and Pierazon de la Ruellien. He was a
1762 (?). Dramatic comijoser lived mostly contemporary of Josquin Despres, and a jdu-
;
in Venice, teaching the mandoHu and sing- pil of Okeghem. In 1492-1510 he was a
ing went, about 1762, to Amsterdam in singer of the chapel at the court of Bur-
;
quest of a permanent situation, but after a gundy, in 1501 he held a prebend at Cour-
short absence went back to Italy. Works trai, and later another in the Church of Saiut-
:
La generosita di Tiberio, opera, given in Aubin of Namur, which he resigned in 1510.

Venice, 1729 La fede in eimento, do., ib., Fetis supposes that he then became a canon
;
1730 6 trios for violin and flute 6 duets of some collegiate church until his death.
; ;
for voices, and 2 collections of French He appears to have been in high favour
chansons.
Fctis Mendel Gerber Schil- with INIargaret of Austria, who had some of
; ; ;
ling. his compositions embodied in sumjDtuous

LAPPE, PAUL, dramatic composer, mem- manuscripts. He was a master of musical
ber of the ducd orchestra at Schwerin, knowledge, and his works show a deeji and
about 1840. Die Obotriteu, opera, earnest spirit. Works 5 masses, printed
Works : :
given at the court of Schwerin, by Petrucci in 1513 and entitled, Beatse

theati'e
1810 ;Petermiinnchen, comic ojiera, ib., Virginis, Puer nobis est, Sexti toni, ut, fa,
ISH Overtures Entr'actes for dramas L'homme arme, and Nunquam fuit j'oena
; ;
;
Ballet music Symphonies Concert-pieces major A mass, De Saucto Antonio, iu Pe-

; ; ;
for various instruments Songs. Fotis trucci's

;
Missse diversorum (1508) ;
Ave ;
Mendel. Maria, and O salutaris hostia, in Liber

L.4.PPI, PIETRO, Italian church com- quiudecim missarum (Rome, 1516) Cam ;
jjoser of the 17th century, born in Florence. jocunditate, O gloriosa, and De Sancto
In 1601 he was maestro di cappella of S. Antonio, in MissfB tredecim (Nuremberg,
M. delle Grazie, Brescia. Works Classes 1539) Tons les regrets, iu Liber quindeeim
: ;
for 8 voices (Venice, 1601-7) Masses for missarum (ib., 1538) A mass in Petrucci's
; ;
3-5 choruses (ib., 1616) Litanie della MisscB Antonii de Fevin (1515).
; The fol-
Madonna for 4-8 voices Salmi concertati lowing are in manuscript A beautiful
; :
for 5 voices (ib., 1600) Sacraj melodire volume iu the Brussels Library, containing
;
(Frankfort, 1621 Antwerp, 1622)

; Ro- seven masses, De concejjtione Virginis j\Ia-
;
sarium musicale, containing a magnificat, a riffi, Ista est speciosa, De doloribus, Pas-
mass, Te Deum, psalms, and litanies for 2 chale, Ave sanctissima Maria, De sancta

and 3 choruses (Venice, 1639). Fetis cruce, and De feria a volume in the ar- ;
Mendel Gerber Schilling.

; ; chives of Mechlin, containing Fors seule-
L.\R.l, overture in E minor, on Byron's ment, Eesurrexit, Sine nomine, De sancta
poem, by Johanu H. Beck, first performed cruce. Super alleluia a manuscript iu the ;
in Boston, Massachusetts, June 30 and Brussels Library with two De septcm dolo-
July 2, 1886. Not published. ribus, one being like that in the first manu-
LARGO AL FACTOTUM. See II Barbi- script mentioned, and a Stabat Mater do-
ere di Siviglia. lorosa a manuscript in the Papal Chapel ;
LA EWEDRA NELL' ESTASL See in Rome with two masses, L'amour de moy,
II Ballo in Maschera. and gloriosa Margarita iu the Munich ;
424
;
;
LAKUETTE
Library two masses, Cum jucunditate, and forte and strings 2 collections of sonatas ;
Pro defunctis, besides a Credo, 5 Salve Ee- for pianoforte Method for the organ. Fe- ;
gina, and several songs, altogether 29 dif- tis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
ferent masses being known Motets Salve LASCIA CH' 10 PIANGA, soprano aria
; ;
Eegina in Petrucci's Motetti della Corona of Almirena, in F major, with accompani-

(Venice, 1505) ; Laiida anima mea Domi- ment
and con- of 2 oboes, strings complete,
num, Nureniburg collection (15G4:) Songs tinuo, in Handel's BadamiMo, Act IT., Scene
in ;
in Petrucci's Harmonica musices Odbecatou 4. Meyerbeer's additional accompaniments

(Venice, 1501), and in Rhaw's Bicinia (1545) to this air introduce some ungrammatical
and Madrigali a quattro voci mutate, under harmony, quite unauthorized by the orig-
the name of Perisone (Venice, IS-l-l). Fetis inal score.
Eiemann Mendel Ambros, Geschicbte der
;
;
LASSEN, EDU.ARD, born in Copen-
Musik, iii. 234. hagen, April 13, ,C-:*^'~^V
LARUETTE, JEAN LOUIS, born at 1830, still living,
Toulouse, March 27, 1731, died there, Jan- 1889. Dramatic
uary, 1792. Dramatic composer, and in comjjoser entered ;
1752-79 actor at the Opera Comique and the Brussels Con-

the Comedie Italienne, Paris. He passed seiwatoire in 1842,
the last years of his life in his native city. received first prize
Works Operas: Le
Sangrado, for pianoforte play-
docteur
given at the Ojiera Comique, 1758 L'heu- ing in 1844, for har- ;
reux deguisement, Theatre de la Foire Saint- mony in 1847, later

Laurent, 1758 ; Le medecin de
ib., the second composi- I'amour,
1758 ; L'ivrogne Cen- tion j)rize, and in
corrige, ib., 1759 ;
drillon. Opera Comique, 1759 Le depit 1851 the grand government prize, ;
genereux, Comedie Italienne, 17G1 Le Gui travelled through Germany and Italy, and ;
de Chene, ib., 17G3 Les deux comperes, spent some time in Eome. In 1858 he was
;
ib., 1772 La fausse aventuricre (with other apipoiuted court music director in Weimar,
;
composers?). Opera Comique, 1757. Fetis

and on the retirement of Liszt, in 1861, suc- ;
do., Supplement, ii. 76 Mendel. ceeded him as Hof-Kapellmeister. He pro-

;
LASCEUX, GUILLAUME, born at Pois- duced there Tristan und Isolde in 1874, when
sy (Seine-et-Oise), France, Feb. 3, 1740, only the Munich Theatre had dared to repre-
died in Paris, 1829. Organist studied in sent it. He is an eminent conductor, and to
;
his native town, and became organist at his efforts is due much of the high position
Chevreuse at the age of eighteen. In 17G2 Weimar holds in the musical world. Works
he went to Paris, where for five years he Operas Landgraf Ludwigs Brautfahrt, :
was a pupil of Noblet, and in 17G9 became given in Weimar, 1857 Frauenlob, ib., ;
organist in the Churches of Saint-Etienne 18G0 Le captif, Brussels, 1865, and iu ;
du Mont and the Seminaire de Saint-!Ma- German at Weimar, 1868 Music to Oedi- ;
gloire. Later he succeeded his teacher pus in Kolonos, Weimar, 1874, to Faust, ib.,
Noblet as organist in the Churches des 1876, to Hebbel's Nibelungen, and to a play
Mathurins and of the College de Navarre.
Works 3 operas-comiques, given in sev-
:
eral theatres in Paris,1780 Messe solen-

nelle with orchestra, performed in Saint-
; f.cA
Gervais, 1804 2 masses Te Deum
; Suite ; ;
de NoOls varies Hymnes de I'office de la by Calderon

; 2 symphonies Overtures ; ; ;
Fete-Dieu, for organ 3 quartets for piano- To Deum, for chorus and orchestra Can-
; ;
: ,
LASSER
tatas Choruses for male voices, and many
;
LASSO, 0RL.4.ND0 (real name Roland
songs. Fetis
do., Supplement, ii. 78
;
Delattre, but variously given as Roland ;
Mendel Riemaun. ; de Lattre, Orlaud de

LASSER, JOHAXN BAPTIST, born at Lassus, Roland Las-
Steinkirclien, Nether Austria, Aug. 12, Bus, Orlandus Las-
1751, died at Munich, Oct. 21, 1805. Dra- sus, Orlando di Las-
matic composer ; studied first in Linz, then so, etc.), born at
in Vienna, where he stayed several years, Mons, in the Hai-
teaching music. Having become an excel- nault, in 1520, died
lent singer, he devoted himself to the stage in Munich, June 15,
in 1782, acted in different Austrian towns, 1594. He was a choir-
and was called to Munich in boy at the Church
1791 as court
singer. Works Operas : Das wiithende
Mons, and is said to of Saint-Nicolas at
Heer, given in Munich about 1792 Die have been kidnapjjed three times on ac- ;
gliickliche Maskerade, ib., 1791 Der Ka- count of his beautiful voice. In 1532 he
;
pellmeister, ib., about 1810 Die kluge accompanied Ferdinand de Gonzaga, Vice-
;
"Wittwe, ib., 1792 Die unruhige Nacht, roy of Sicily, to Milan, and thence to Sicily.
;
ib., 1792 Die Modehiindlerin, ib., 1795

; In 1538 he went to Naples, where he spent ;
Der Jude Cora uud Alonzo, ib., about about three years in the service of the Mar-
;
the end of the 18th century Die Huldi- chese della Terza. In 1541 he was received
;
gung der Treue, prelude, ib., 1791. Masses, into the household of the Cardinal Arch-
and other church music. He was author bishop of Florence, then living in Rome ;
also of a vocal method. Fi'tis

Mendel he staid sis months in the cardinal's palace,
; ;
Schilling Gerber. ; and then was ajipoiuted maestro di caj^peUa

LASSO, FERDIN.IND DI, the elder, at the Basilica of S. Giovanni in Laterano,
born in Munich in 1562, died there, Aug. although only twenty-one years old. He
27, 1609. Church composer, son and pu- held this post until 1548. Returning to
pil of Orlando Lasso, and pupil of Tosta, Mons, he found that all his near relatives
whom he succeeded, in 1603, as KapeU- were dead, so he set out for England about
nieister at the Bavarian court. Works 1554, in company with an Italian nobleman,
Magnificat Cautiones sacrre suavissimse, a Giulio Cesare Brancaceio, who introduced
;
collection of motets (1587).

Fetis; Men- him to Cardinal Pole, in whose honour he
del ; Schilling. wrote some music (Grove, ii. 94) then he ;
LASSO, FERDINAND DI, the younger, probably visited France, but did not get as
born in Munich about 1590, died, 1036. far as Paris, and settled before the end of
Church composer, sou and pupil of Ferdi- 1554 in Antwerp, where he lived for two
nand the elder. He was sent to Rome, in years in the most brilliant and cultivated
1609, by the Elector of Bavaria, to com- society. In 1557 he was invited to Munich
plete his studies, and returned in 1016 to by Albert V. of Bavaria, whose famous
succeed his father as Kapellmeister, but " Kapelle " he entered. In 1558 he mar-
was dismissed for unknown reasons, re- ried Regina Weckinger, maid of honour at
ceiving at the same time a government the ducal court. From this union sprang
appointment. Works 2 masses for 10 four sons, Ferdinand, Rudolph, Johannes,
:
voices ; Stabat Mater for 2 Ernst (of whom the first two became mu-
do. for 3 choirs ;
choirs Motets, Misereres, Magnificats for sicians of some note), and two daughters,
;
8-16 voices 2 Te Deum for 4 choii-s Lit- Anna and Regina the latter was married
; ; ;
anies Psalms, etc.

;
Fetis; Meudel; Schil- to Johaun d'Ach, the distinguished court-
linsr. painter of Emperor Rudolj)h H. In 1562
43G
LASSO
he was appointed ilucal Kaiêllmeister iu ; G voc), in Liber missarum quatuor, etc., ib.,
the autumn he made a brief visit to Venice Gardano, 15GG 1 Mass, G voc. (Congratu-
;
to see about having some compositions pub- lamini), and two, 5 voc. (Domine secundum
Hshed by Gardano, and went also to Ant- actum meum, and Susan' un iour), in Proe-
werp, partly on similar business, but mainly stantissimorum divinte musices auctorum
to engage the best musicians he could tind missse decern, Louvain, Phalesius, 1570 G ;
for the Munich Kapelle. On Dec. 7, 1570, Masses, 5 voc, iu Missfe aliquot quinque
the Emperor Maximilian II. granted him vocum (part of the Patrociuium musices),
letters of nobility at the Reichstag at Munich, Adam Berg, 1574 Liber missarum ;
Speier (a fac-simile copy of the grant is quatuoret quinque vocum, Nuremberg, 1581;
iu Bi-ussels, Bibl. de Bourgogne, 14:,405). Missse cum cantieo Beatae Marife octo modis
Soon afterwards he went to Paris, where musicis, Paris, R. Ballard, 1583; Misste decem
he excited the wildest admiration, and was cum quatuor vocibus, Venice, Gardano, 1588 ;
loaded with gifts by Charles IX. The le- 3 Masses in Orlandi Lassi missse, etc., . . .
gend that he wrote his Penitential Psalms, liber primus, Milan, heirs of Simone Tini,
his most famous if not his greatest work, 1588 Missfe aliquot quinque vocum (2d vol.
;
by order of Charles, to help that king to of masses in Patrocinium musices), Munich,

expiate the Saint Bartholomew massacre Adam Berg, 1589 2 Masses (Sexti toui, 5 ;
(1572) and bring peace to the royal con- voc, and Ad j)lacitum, 1 voc.) in Selectissi-
science, has no foundation. The Psalms marum missarum flores, etc., Antwerp, Pha-
were all written at Munich before 1565. It lesius, 1599 3 Masses, 5 voc, with continuo
;
is true, however, that Charles IX. engaged (Octavi toni, Sydus ex claro sexti toni, and
him as maitre de chapelle in 1571: the ne- Officium defunctorum), in Joannes Don-
;
gotiations were all concluded, but the king's frid's Corolla musica, missarum xxxvii., etc.,
death prevented their going into effect. In Strasburg, heirs of Lazarus Zetzner, 1599 ;
the same year Pope Gregory XIII. made Lassi (Orlandi) Belgse, musicorum Orphei
him a Knight of the Golden Sjûr. Lasso . . Missae posthumse sex, etc. (edited
.
spent the rest of his life in Munich, afflu- by his son Rudolph), Munich, Nicolaus
ent, esteemed by all, and working as few Heuricus, IGIO.
men have worked. The number of his com- n. Magnificat Magnificat octo tonorum,
:
positions is estimated at more than two quatuor, quinque et sex vocum, Nuremberg,
thousand. As he was untiring also in his 1567 Magnificat octo tonorum, quinque et
;
superintendence of the ducal Kapelle, the sex vocum, ib., 1572 Octo cantica divte ;
strain proved too severe, and shortly before Marife Virginis, quae vulgo Magnificat appel-
his death he fell into a piteous condition lantur, secundum singulos octo tonorum
of nervous prostration and almost imbe- quaternis vocibus, Munich, 1573 (second
cility. Orlando Lasso was the greatest of edition of the same, Paris, Le Roy & Ballard,
all the great composers of Netherlandish 1581) Magnificat aliquot 1, 5, G et 8 vocum
;
extraction ; together with Giovanni Gabri- (part of Patrocinium musices), Munich,

eli and Palestrina, he represents the highest Adam Berg, 1576 Lassi sereniss. ; . . .
development of the great epoch of strict cantica sacra sex et octo vocibus,
. . .
single counterpoint. His portrait, in the ib., Adam Berg, 1585 Magnificat i, 5 et ;
MS. copy of the Penitential Psalms in the 6 vocibus ad imitationera cantilenarum, etc.,
Munich Royal State Library, is reproduced ib., ib., 1587 Magnificat octo tonorum,
;
in Grove's Dictionary. . . quatuor vocum, Milan, heirs of Si-

.
Published works. I. Masses Missarum mone Tini Magnificat octo tonorum 4, 5 et

: ;
quatuor vocum liber primus, Venice, Gar- G vocum, Augsburg, 1601 Lassi (Orlandi) ;
dane, 1515 1 Mass (In te, domiue, speravi,

; . . centum Magnificat, etc. (5, 6, 7, 8,
.
427
;
LASSO
10 voc), edited by liis son Rudolph, Mu- Venice, Gardane, 1545 ; II prime libro de'
nich, 1619. motetti a 5 e 6 voci, etc., Antwerp, Jean
m. Psalms and litanies : 1 Psalm, 5 voc, Laet, 1556 (possibly a 2d ed. of the pre-
in Beati omnes, Psalmus cxsvii. Davidis ceding) Sacre cantioues (vulgo moteta;
. . . 5 et G vocum, liber secundus,

a variis, iisdemque prsestantisslmis apijellatffi),
musiciB artificibus, Niu-emberg, Ulrich Venice, Ramjsazetto, 1560 [2d ed., ib.,
etc.,
Neuber, 1569 1 Psalm (Lretatus sum, 3 1562] Sacrfficautiones quinque vocum cum
; ;
voc), in Premier livi'e du meslange des viva voce turn omnis generis iustrumeutis
Pseaumes et Cantiques, etc. [no name] cantatu commodissimse, Nuremberg, 1562
1577 2 Psalms, 3 voc. (Beati omnes, and (contains 25 motets) [2d ed. of do., Venice,
;
Domiue nou est esaltatum), in Second livre, Gardano, 1565] do., liber secundus, 5 et ;
id., etc., 1577 Lassi ;

Psalmi Da- 6 vocum, Venice, Gardano, 1565 [another
. . .
vidici jjoeuitentiales . . . His accessit ed. of Books I. and II., Venice, Scoto,
Psalmus, "Laudate Dominum de coelis," 1565] ; Sacrse cantiones (vulgo moteta ap-
quinque vocum, Munich, Adam Berg, 1581
pellate), 5 et 6 vocum, liber tertius, Venice,
Psalmi sacri, 3 vocum, Munich, 1588 (the Gardano, 1566 (contains 30 motets) do., ;
same, with Gei-niau text, vocum, liber quartus, ib., ib., 1566
Zurich, 1594;) ; 12 6 et 8
Litanies (4-9 voc.) in Thesaunis Litania- [2d ed., ib., 1569 3d ed., ib., 1586] Lassi ; ;
rum, etc., Munich, Adam Berg, 1596 Ciu- selectiorum aliquot cantionum sa-
; . .
quante Pseaumes de David, aveo la niusique crorum sex vocum fasciculus adjuuctis in
a ciuq parties d'Orlaude de Lassus, etc., fine tribus dialogis octo vocum, etc., Mu-
Heidelberg, Jc'rosme Commelin, 1597. nich, Adam Berg, 1570 (this is the 5th book
IV. Lamentations and lessons Sacrse of motets, containing 20) :Sesto libro de' ;
lectioues novem ex propheta Job, quatuor Mottctti a ciuquo voci, Venice, Claudio
vocum, in officiis defuuctorum cantari so- Merulo, 1569 [another ed., with title Mo-
litae, etc., Venice, Gardano, 1565 (other edi- duli quinis vocibus, etc., Paris, Le Roy &
tions with changes in title Lyons, 1566 Ballard, 1571.

: This fii'm jjublished also ;
Nuremberg, Gerlach, 1567 Louvain, 1572 Books I., II., and III., 5 voc, 1571 Moduli
; ; ;
Munich, Adam Berg, 1582 Nuremberg, quatuor et octo vocum, 1572 Moduli sex,
; ;
1597) Passio, 5 vocum. Item lectiones Job, septem et duodecim vocum, 1573.
; Book
et lectiones matutiuis de Nativ., 4 vocum, VL, 5 voc, was also jjublished in Munich,
Munich, Adam Berg, 1575 Lassi 1571] Cantionum (piosmotetos vocaut opus
; . ;
Hieremite pi-ophette lamentationes, etc., ib., novum, etc. (Part I. of Patrocinium musices),
ib., 1585 Jeremiseprophetsedevotissimie la- Munich, Adam Berg, 1573 [another ed.,
;
mentationes cum passione Domini with title, II settimo libro di motetti del
. . .
quinque vocum, Paris, Le Roy & Ballard, Orlando di Lasso, a cinque voci, Venice,
1586 (reprint of the above-mentioned) Mo- 1585] NovtB aliquot ad duas voces cantio- ; ;
duli quatuor et octo vocum partim a queri- nes suavissimije, Munich, Adam Berg, 1577
tationibus Job, jjartim e psalm. Davidis et [another ed., with title, Moduli duarum vo-
aliis scripturaj locis descripti, Orlando Las- cum, etc., Paris, Le Roy & Ballard, 1578] ;
susio auctore. La Rochelle, P. Haultin, Lassi Motetta sex vocum, ]\Iu- . . .
1576 (2d edition, Paris, Le Roy & Ballard, nich, Adam Berg, 1582 Lassi ; . . .
1587) Le Lagi-ime di S. Pietro descritte Sacrre Cantiones, quinque vocum, ib., ib.,
;
del Signor Luigi Tansillo (with portrait of 1582 (these last two form one collection ;
Lasso, setat. 62), Munich, Adam Berg, Fetis is in doubt whether it is the 8th book
1595. of motets, or a compilation) ; Lassi . . .
V. Motets Original collections : II pri- sacrse cantiones .quatuor vocum,

. .
me libro de' Motetti di Orlando di Lasso, Munich, Adam Berg, 1585 [2d ed., with
438
;
LASSO
title, Sacrarum cantionum moduli quatiior contenant par Rolando de Lassus, . . .
vocibus contexti. Auctore Oilaudo Las- Antwerp, Tylman 1555 Lassus Susato, ;
susio, Paris, Le Koy & Ballard, 1586] Nouvelles chansons a quatre parties .
(8th or 9th book of motets) Saera; cau- Le premier livre, Antwerp, Jean
; . . .
tioues quiuque vocum, etc., Muiiioh, Adam Laet, 1566 Lassus, le second livre des ;
Berg, 1587 (9th or 10th book of motets) nouvelles chansons tant a quatre comme it ;
Cantiones sacrre sex vocum, quas vulgo cinq parties, ib., ib., 1566 Tiers livre des ;
motectas vocaut turn vivte vocis, chansons a quatre, cinq et six parties, etc.,
. . .
turn omuivario iiistrumeutorum concentui Louvain, Phalesius, 1566 Le quart livre des ;
accommodatse, etc., Gratz, Georg Widman- chansons, etc., Antwerp, Jean Laet, 1564
stadt, 1594. The following, nearly com- [another ed., with the title Quatriesme livre
plete, comjjiled edition is of importance des chansons, etc., Louvain, Phalesius, :
Magnum opus musicum Orlandi di Lasso 1564] Livre de chansons nouvelles a cinq ;
. . complectens omnes cantiones quas parties, avec deux dialogues a huict, Paris,
.
vulgo motetas vocant, tam antea editas quam 1571 [2d ed., with the title, Livi-e v. de
hactenus noudum jJublicatas, 2, 3, 4, 5, G, 7, chansons nouvelles a 5 parties, avec deux
8, 10, 12 vocum. A Ferdinando . . . dialogues, Louvain, Phalesius, 1572 3d ;
et Rudolpho . . . authoris filiis, summo ed., Paris, Ballard, 1599] Moduli duobus ;
studio et impensis eorundem

collectum, vel tribus vocibus, auctore Orlando de
tyj)is mandatum,
Munich, N. Henricus, lib. i., Munich, 1582
Lasso, Cantiones ele- ;
1G04:, 6 vols, (contains 51G motets) In ; giacs suavissimai duobus vocibus, lib. ii.,
magni illust. Orlandi de Lasso . . . Antwerp, 1598 Orlandi di Lasso prophe- ;
magnum opus musicum, Bassus ad organuai tiiie Sibyllarum quatuor vocibus chromatico
. . . Sejitima pars, Wiirzburg, J. Vola- more, etc., Augsburg, Georg Wilier, 1600 ;
mari, 1G25. Lassus Nouvelles chansons alle-

. . .
VL Madrigals and chansons Original mandesacinq

Munich, Adam Berg, voix, etc.,
collections : II primo libro de' madrigali a
in German), ib., ib., 15G7 ; do.. Part II. (title
cinque voci, Venice, Gardane, 1555 II se- do.. Part III, ib.,ib., 157G Teutsche; 1573 ; ;
condo libro do., ib., Gardano, 1559 [another uud franzosische Gesilng mit G Stimmen,
ed. of 1st and 2d books, ib., Scoto, 1559 ; ib., ib., 1590 Etliche ausserlesene ; . . .
2d ed. of 2d book, Scoto, 15G2 other eds., Liedlein 4 Stimmen, etc. (contains 30 chan-
;
Gardano, 15GG-G8-70] Di Madrigali a sons), ib., ib., 1582 Sex cantiones latins,
;
;
quattro voci il secondo libro, Rome, Antonio quatuor, adjuncto dialogo octo vocum, ib.,
Barre, 15G2 [reprinted, Venice, 1569-73] ib., 1573 [different copies of this ed. have ;
H terzo libro de' Madrigali del eccellentis- title and text in French, German, or Ital-
simo Orlando di Lasso a quattro voci, ian] Neue teutsche Liedlein mit fi'inf ;
Venice, Gardano, 1561 II libro terzo de' Stimmen I., IL, DI. Tlieil, ib., ib.,
; ...
Madrigali a cinque 1566 1567-76 Neue teutsche und etliche fran-
voci, ib., ib., ;
De' Madrigali dell' ottimo Orlando di zosische Gesilng mit sechs Stimmen, ib.,
Lasso a cinque voci il quarto libro, Ven- ib., 1590 (5th book of chansons). For re-
ice, Gardano, 15G7 II quinto libro de' printed editions and compilations of Motets,
;
Madrigali a 4 voci, del Orlando di Lasso, Madrigals, and Chansons, and for miscel-
Venice, 1587 H sesto libro de' Madrigali laneous collections that contain such works
;
a 4 e 5 voci, di Orlando di Lasso, ib., by Lasso together with those of other com-
1588 Libro di Villanelle, moresche ed altre posers, see Fetis Eitner's Bibliographie
; ;
canzoni a 4, 5, 6 ed 8 voci, Paris, Le Eoy der Musik-Sammelwerke des xvi. and xvii.
& Ballard (no date) [reprinted, Antwerp, Jahrh. and Eitner's Chrouolog. Verzeich- ;
1582] Le quatorziume livre a quatre parties niss.

;
4S9
; ;
LASSO
Vn. Modern editions in score Psalmos LASST UNS SINGEN VON DER :
Vn. pcenitentiales modis musicis adaptavit GNADE, arioso of Paulus in F major, in

Orlandus de Lassus, etc. (edited hy S. W. Mendelssohn's Paulus, Part II. (No. 27).
Dehn), Berlin, Crantz, 1835 Eegina coeli ; LA STESSA, LA STESSISSIMA, ten
(4 voc), Salve Regina (4 voc), Angelas ad variations for the pianoforte, in B-flat, by
pastores (5 voc), Miserere (5 and 6 voc), in Beethoven, on the duet of the same title in
Rocblitz, vol. i., Mainz, Scbott, 1838 Psalm ; Salieri's opera of Falstaff, which was first
xxxiii. (5 voc), Motet, Quo properas (10 represented iu Vienna, Jan. 3, 1799. It is
voc). Magnificat (5 voc), Berlin, Scble- dedicated to Mile la Comtesse Babette de
singer Confirma hocDeus (6 voc), Berlin,
; Keglivics, and was composed in 1799.
Guttentag Sis German chansons (4 voc.)
; Published by Artaria k Co. (Vienna, 1799)
and one dialogue (8 voc.) iu Dehu's Samm- Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Se-
lung alter Musik, etc., Berlin, Crantz ;
rie 17, No. 11.
Thayer, Verzeicbniss, 31 ;
Twelve motets (4, 5, G, 7 and 8 voc) in Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1799), 607.
Commer's CoUectio operum Musicorum Ba- LAST ROSE OF SUMMER, 'TIS THE,
tavorum sseculi x^t;., vols. vii. and viii., song by Thomas Moore, wi-itten to the tune
Mainz, Scbott Twenty motets (4 voc.) in
; " The Groves of Blarney," which is probably
Proske's Miisica
Divina, etc., Ratisbon, a variation of an older air, "The Young
1855 Mass, Qual donna attende (5 voc) in
; Man's Dream," composed in 1788-89 by R.
Proske's Selectus novus missarum, etc., vol. A. MilUkin, of Cork. Beethoven included
i., Ratisbon, 1856 ;
this air among his Irische Lieder (No. 6).
or CtiKÔ uddO Mass, Or sus a coup Mendelssohn wrote a Fantasia (op. 15) ujDon
(4 voc), edited by it, and Flotow used it for a motif iu bis
Ferreuberg, Cologne, Heberle, 1847; Six of)era Martha. Grove, iv. 129.
unpublisbed masses, edited by Commer, LATILLA, GAET.INO, born at Bari,
Berlin, 1860. H.
Delmotte, Notice biog- Kingdom of Naples, iu 1713, died at Najiles
rapbique sur Roland de Lattre, etc (Va- soon after 1788. Dramatic composer, pupil
lenciennes, Prignet, 1836) The same of Domeuieo Gizzi was second maestro di
; ;
translated into German by Dehn (Berlin) cappeUa at S. M. Maggiore, Rome, in 1738-

Ambros, iii. 332-346 ; Mus. Wocbenblatt 41 in 1756 became chorus-master at the
;
(1871), No. 17; Monatsb. f.Musikgescb., Conservatorio della Pieta, Venice, and suc-
vi. 107 ; Robert Eitner, Cbronologiscbes ceeded Galuppi as second maestro di cap-
Verzeicbniss der Druckwerke des O. di L. pella at S. Marco in 1762-72. "Works Op-
(Berlin, 1874) ; Fotis ; Grove. eras : Li mariti a forza, Naples, 1732 Lo ;
LASSO, RUDOLPHMunicb sposo senza moglie, ib., 1736 II Gismondo,

DI, born in ;
about 1564, died there in 1625. Church ib., 1737 Demofoonte, ib., 1738 Orazio, ; ;
comj)osei-, son and pupil of Orlando Lasso Rome, 1738 La finta cameriera, Naples, ; ;
from 1587 organist and instructor of sing- 1843 La gara per la gloria, Venice, 1844 ; ;
ing and composition at the court chapel in Madama Giana (with Galuppi), ib.; H Ba-
Munich. He
succeeded his brother Ferdi- rone di Vignalunga, Naples, 1747 Griselda, ;
nand, as Kapellmeister there. Rome, 1747

in 1609, Amore iu tarantola, Venice, ;
Works Cantioues sacrae, for 4 voices 1750 La pastorella al soglio, ib., 1751 Gl'
: ; ;
(1606) Circus sympboniacus (1609) Mo- impostori, 1751

; L' Opera in prova alia ; ;
duli sacri ad sacrum convivium, for 2-6 moda, 1751 L' isola d' amore Urganosto- ; ;
voices (1614) ; 1752 L' Olimpiade, 1752 Amore ar-

Virginalia eucharistica, for car, ; ;
4 voices (1616) Alphabetum Marianum tigiano, 1761 Alessaudro nell' Indie, 1753
; ; ;
(1621) 3 masses
; 3 Magnificats. Fctis Merope, 1763 La giardiniera contessa La
; ; ; ;
Mendel ; Schilling. commedia in commedia ; Don Calascione ;
430
;
LATOUU
La buona figliuola creduta vedova, Venice, Tyrol, March 17, 1875. Violin virtuoso,
17GG; Antigone, Naples, 1775. L' onuipo- pupil of Mildner at the Conservatorium,
tenza e la misericordia divina, oratorio sent by the Grand Duke ;
Prague ; was
Masses Psalms Vocal music- Fetis do.,
; ; Vienna in 1847, and later
; Stej)han to
Suj)plement, ii. 78 Mendel Schilling
; vi.sited London and Paris.
; Iu 1853 he
Gerber Burnej% iv. 558.
;
succeeded Joachim as Conzertmeister in
LATOUK, JE.A.N, born in Paris iu 1766, Weimar was instructor iu Stern's Conser- ;
died there in 1840. Pianist went at the vatorium, Berlin, in 1855-57, later Conzert-
;
beginning of the French Revolution to Lou- meister of the court orchestra there, and
don, where he taught with success, and be- chamber virtuoso. In 1864 he made an ex-
came pianist to the Prince of Wales, later tended concert tour with Carlotta Patti, the
George IV. returned to Paris about 1830. pianist Jaell, and the violoncellist Keller-
;
Works 5 duos for harp and jîanoforte 30 mann, and in 1866 became professor of vio-
: ;
divertissements and rondos for pianoforte lin at the Conservatorium in Moscow. His
and violin, or flute Concerto militaire for health was much broken, and the baths of
;
pianoforte Souates ^progressives 60 col- Carlsbad afforded him only a temporary

; ;
lections of variations, divertissements, and relief. He was one of the greatest of recent
caprices 25 duos, waltzes, and other dance violinists.
;
Works Elegy Polonaise 2 : ; ;

music for pianoforte. Fetis Mendel ; Schil- collections of Czech songs
; Other violin ;
ling. music. Wurzbach Mendel Riemann Fe- ; ; ;
LATROBE, Rev. CHRISTM.N IGNA- tis do.. Supplement, ii. 79. ;
TIUS, born at Fulueck, near Leeds, York- LAUBENSONATE, Sonata quasi una
shire, England, Feb. 12, 1758, died at Fair- fantasia, iu C-sharp minor, by Beethoven,
field, near Liverpool, May 6, 1836. He the second of the two sonatas which make
studied at the college of the United Breth- op. 27. It was written about 1801, and is
ren at Niesky, Upper Lusatia, in 1771, and dedicated to the Damigella Contessa Giu-
on his return to England, after thirteen lietta Guicciardi. It is said to have received
years, took orders iu the same church, and its name in Vienna from a tradition that
became secretary to the Society for the the first movement was composed in a leafy
Furtherance of the Gospel in 1795 held a alley (Laubengang).
; In England and iu
similar jDosition to the United Moravian America it is sometimes called the Moon-
Brethren in England. Works Sonatas light Sonata, a name derived from a remark
:
;
Concertos Variations
; Dies irpe (1799); made by Rellstab, who compared the first;
The Dawn of Glory (1803) Anthem for the movement to a boat drifting on the Lake of
;
Jubilee of George III. (1809) Anthems Lucerne in the moonlight. It is one of the
;
(1823) Te
; Deum, performed in York best loved of Beethoven's pianoforte works,
Cathedral Miserere, Psalm LI.
; 6 airs on but he professed to care more for the so-
;
serious subjects, words by Cowper and Han- nata iu F-sharp minor, ojJ. 78. I. Adagio ;
nah More. He edited also Moravian Hymn H. Allegretto HI. Presto agitato. The ;
Tunes Selection of Sacred Music from Adagio has been arranged to the Kyrie
;
the works of the most eminent composers eleison with orchestra, by Bierey, to the
of Germany and Italy (6 vols., 1806-25) same words with pianoforte by Often, for;
Anthems by various composers (1811). His voice and jjiauoforte with words by Grie-
son, John Antes Latrobe (1792-1878), or- penkerl (Leibrock, Brunswick), and for two
ganist in Liverpool, composed anthems and violins by Hartmann. The Allegretto has
other church music. Mendel Fetis. been arranged for two violins, viola, and
;
LAUB, FERDINAND, born iu Prague, violoncello. The sonata was first published
Jan. 19, 1832, died at Gries, near Botzen, by Cappi (Vienna, 1802), Breitkopf & Har-
;
LAUDA
tel), Beethoven Werke, Serie 16, No. 14. and in 1591 a fourth. The text was alwaj-s
Thayer, Verzeichniss, 45 Nottebohrn, ; written in Italian, and several ancient speci-
Verzeichniss, 30 Thayer, Beethoven, ii.
; mens have been attributed by Crescentini
172 Leuz, Beethoven, Part II. 56 Lenz,
; ; to St. Francis of Assisi. The words of Lo-
Beethoven et ses trois styles, i. 219 Nohl, ; renzo de' Medici, Paliziano, Pulci, Bembo,
Beethoven, ii. 122 iii. 170 Mai-x, Beet-
; ; Filicaia, Giambellari, Ludovico Martelli, and
hoven, i. 130 Mai"x, Anleitung zum Vor-
; other eminent poets were employed. A MS.
trag Beethoven'scher Klavierwerke, 114 volume belonging to a company of Laudisti
BerHoz, Voyage musicale en Alleiuagne, i. enrolled in 1336 is in the Magliabecchiana
362 Allgein. mus. Zeitg., iv. 650.
; Library, Florence. The earliest printed col-
LAUDA SION, sequence sung after the lection is dated 1485. Sei'afino Razzi pub-
gi-adual at High Mass on the Feast of Cor- lished a large collection in 1608, which was
pus Christi, to verses written by Saint followed by many others. The oratorio is
Thomas Aquinas in 1261, chosen by Men- been developed from the Laudi said to have
delssohn as the subject of a cantata for four Spirituals Grove, ii. 105 Burney, ii. 325. ;
solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, op. 73. LAUDON, symphony in C, by Haydn,
Composed for the celebration of this feast written in 1779. Subject, the hero Gideon,
by the Church and Freiherr von Laudon (or London). Pub-
of Saint-]Martin in Liege,
performed there, June 11, 1846. I. Intro- lished by Artaria (Vienna, 1779). Pohl,
duction with chorus, Lauda Sion (andante Haydn, ii. 198.
maestoso) 11 Chorus, Laudis thema spe-
; L.\UER-]MUNCHHOFEN, A, Freiherr
cialis (andante con moto) HL Soprano solo VON, born, May 16, 1796, died in Berhn,
;
and chorus. Sit laus plena (sostenuto) IV. Jan. 4, 1874. Amateur pianist and dra- ;
Quartet, In hoc mensa (andante ) V. Cho- matic composer studied music while an offi-
; ;
rus,Docti sacris institutis (grave) Dogma cer in the Prussian armj- lived last in Ber-
; ;
datur Christianis (andante con moto) VI. lin, having attained the grade of general. ;
Soprano solo, Caro cibus (andante) YU. Works Operas Rosa, die Miillerin, given ; :
Solo and chorus, Sumit unus. Publislied by in Hamburg, 1829 ; Der Orakelspruch ;
Schott (Mainz, 1847) ; Breitkopf & Hiirtei, Requiem, performed in Berlin, 1852 ;
Quar-
Mendelssohn's Werke, Serie 14, No. 94. tets for strings ; Pianoforte music, and
Palestrina left two settings of the Lauda songs. Fctis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
Sion : First, for a double chorus of eight LAUR, FERDm.AND, born at Mark-
voices, first printed by Alessandro Gar- dorf, on the Lake of Constance, Feb. 22,
dano in Book III of Motets for 5, 6, and 8 1791, died (?). Vocal composer was able, ;
voices (Rome, 1575) ; Breitkopf & Hiirtel, at the age of eighteen, to fill the post of
Palestriua's AVerke, vol. iii. ; second, for a instructor of music in a school at Gottstadt,
chorus of four voices, the MS. of which is canton Berne. In 1810-20 he held a simi-
in the library of the Collegio Romano, lar position at Hof\vyl ; then was appointed
Rome ; Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Palestrina's professor of singing, first at the gymnasium,
Werke, vol. vii. Grove, ii. 103 ;Basel. In Chorley, later also at the univorsitj- in
Modern German Music, 320
Upton, 1824 he founded there a singing societ}',
ii. ;
Standard Cantatas, 265. which he conducted still in 1858. Works :
LAUDI, by Giovanni Animuccia, com- Choruses for church, for schools, and sing-
piled for the use of the Laudisti a relig- ing-clubs
Choruses for men's voices Col- ; ;
ious confraternity organized in Florence in lection of duets for schools. Fetis; Men-
1310. After Animuccia's death, Francesco del Schilling. ;
Soto edited and published in 1588 a thii-d LAURENT DE RILLT5, FRANgOIS

volume of unacknowledged compositions ANATOLE, born at OrlC-aus, France, 1828,
432
:
LAUEENTI
still Dramatic composer, pupil ajjpointed cantor and director of music in
living, 1889.
of Comoghio and Ehvart, in Paris inspect- the cathedral in Bremen. Works Geist-
; :
or of vocal instruction in the public schools liche Lieder und Lobgesiinge, a collection
of Paris.
Works Operas Trilby, given of 150 sacred songs. Allgem. d. Biogr.,
:
in the Theatre des Folies Nouvelles, 1858 xviii. 62 Koch, Gesch. des Kirchenliedes, ; ;
Aime pour lui-meme, ib., 1857 Bel-Boul, iv. 281 Gerber Fe-tis. ; ; ;
ib., 1857 Le jugement de Paris, ib., 1859

; LAUSIvA, FRANZ (SEK.APHINUS IG- ;
AchiUe a Scyros, ib., 1857 Le moulin de NATIUS), born at Briinn, Moravia, Jan. 13,
;
Catherine, ib., 1858 La demoiselle de la 1764, died in Berlin, April 28, 1825.
; Pi-
Hochetromblon, ib., 1857 Le sultan Mysa- anist studied composition and counteri:)oint
; ;
pouf, ib., 1859 Frasquita, Bouffes Parisi- binder Albrechtsberger in Vienna, was ap-
;
ens, 1859 Au fond du verre, Baden-Ba- pointed court musician to the Elector of
;
den Le Petit-Poucet, Athcnce, 18G8 Bavaria before he was twenty-four years

; ;
Pattes blanches, Bouffes Parisiens, 1873 old, travelled later for several years, appear- ;
La liqueur d'or, Menus Plaisirs, 1873 Babi- ing in concerts, and in 1798 settled in Ber-;
ole, Bouifes Parisiens, 1873 La part a Dieu, lin, and taught there with great success.
;
published in the Magazin des Demoiselles Meyerbeer was one of his pupils. Works ;
Cantate officielle. Opera Comique, 1867. Sonatas and other pieces for pianofoi'te So- ;
Five masses Salut, vierge lEarie, cantique natas for pianoforte and strings Quartets
; ;
for three female voices, with organ More for men's voices 2 collections of songs ; A
; ;
than one hundred choruses for the church, practical method for pianoforte. Fetis ;
for schools, and singing-clubs. Fotis, Sup- Mendel
Eiemann Gerber Wurzbach. ; ; ;
pk'ment Mendel, Ergiinz. Eiemann.

; LAUTERB.\CH, JOHANN CHRIS-
;
LAURENTI, BARTOLOMEO GERO- TOPH, born at Culmbach, Bavaria, July

NIMO, born in Bologna, Italy, in 16-41, died 24, 1832, still living, 1889. Virtuoso on
there, Jan. 18, 172G. Violinist in the or- the violin, isupil at the school of music in
chestra of the collegiate church Santa Pe- Wiirzburg of Frohlich and Bratsch, then at
tronia, Bologna, and one of the earliest the Conservatoire, Brussels (1850), of de
members of the Philharmonic Academy es- Beriot and Fetis received the gold medal ;
tablished in Bologna in 1G6G. "Works So- there in 1851, and the next year took Leo- :
natas for violins and violoncello (Bologna, nard's place, during a temporary absence, as
1G91) ;
became Conzertmeister
6 concertos for violin, violoncello, professor of violin ;
and organ (ib., 1720). Fetis

and professor of violin in the Conserva-
; Mendel.
LAURENTI, GERONI]\IO NICOLC), torium, Munich, in 1853, and went as Con-
died in Bologna, Dec. 2G, 1752. Violinist, zertmeister to Dresden in 18G0, where he
son and pupil of the preceding, then pupil also became professor of violin in the Con-
of Torelli and Vitali for many years first servatorium.
;
In 1864-65 he a2ipeared in
violin in San Petronio and other churches England, and he played at the last concert
in Bologna. Member of the Philhai'monic in tlie Tuileries before the War of 1870. He
Academy, 1698. Works : G concertos for has received many decorations. Works :
three violins, viola, violoncello, and organ. Compositions for the violin. Mendel ;Fe-
Fetis ; Mendel. tis, Supislement,
ii. 80 Riemann ; ; Wasie-
LAURENTINO, LAURENT, born at Hu- lewski,Die Violine, 362.
sum, Schleswig, June 8, 1660, died in LAVAINE, FERDINAND, born at Lille,
Bremen, May 19, 1722. Church composer, France, in 1810, still living, 1889. Pianist,
studied in the gymnasium of his native mostly self-taught ;

published in 1833 his
town and in the university at Kiel then first compositions for pianoforte professor ; ;
devoted himself to music, and in 1684 was in the Conservatoire, Lille. Works Op-
43.3
:;
lavallSe
eras : Une matinue :i Cayenne, given at Lille, forte, violin, and violoncello ; 2 string quar-
183G ; Ni'rida, ib., ISCiO ;

Tircis et Margo- tets ; King Solomon, oratorio (unfinished).
ton, ib., 1801.Music to the drama Artus et LA VENDETTA. See Nozze di Figaro.
Eikemer, ib., 1840 Overture to La mort ;
LA VENDETTA PltT TKEMENDA See
du Tasse La fuite en Egypte, oratorio Te
;
;
Ernaiii.
Deum De profundis Psalms for chorus and

;
; LAVENU, LOUIS HENKY, born in Lon-
orchestra Messe ;
soleunelle for men's voices ;
don in 1818, died at Sydney, New South
Symphonies 2 quintets and 3 trios for pi- Wales, Aug. 1, 1859. Violoncellist, pujîl
;
anoforte and strings Fantaisie dramatique, of Potter and Bochsa at the Eoyal Academy
;
and many other pieces for pianoforte. Fe- of IMusic was a member of the orchestra ;
tis ;do., Supplement, ii. 80 Mendel. in the London Opera, went to Australia
;
LAVALLEE, CALIXA, born, of French- about 1848, and was appointed music di-
Canadian parent- rector of the theatre in Sydney. Works
age, at Verchores, Loretta, opera, given in Drury Lane The-
Canada, Dec. 28, atre, London, 1848 ; Numerous glees and
1842, still living, English songs ; Pieces for pianoforte. Fc-
1889. Pianist, tis ; Brown.
pupil of his father ;
LAVIGNA, VINCENZO, born
in Naples
about 1857 he went in 1777, died in Milan about 1837. Dra-
to Paris, where he matic composer, studied music and compo-
was a pupil on the sition at the Conservatorio della Pieta de'
pianoforte of Mar- Tiirchini went to JMilan, where he taught ;
montel, and in com- singing and became accompanist at La Scala

jiosition and instru- in 1809. Works Operas La muta per :
mentation of Bazin and Boieldieu. He amoi'e, given in Milan, La Scala, 1802 L' ;
made his first appearance as a pianist when idolo di se stesso, Ferrara, 1803 ; L' impos-
ten years old, and in 1881 was solo pianist tore avvilito, ib., 1804 ; II Coriolano, Parma,
of Mme Gerster's first 1808 Zaira,
concert tour in the 180G ; Di posta in posta, Milan, ;
United States. In 1886-87 he was presi- Florence, 1809 Orcamo, Milan, 1809 Chi ; ;
dent of the Music Teachers' National Asso- s'c visto s'c visto, ib., 1811 Le metamorfosi, ;
ciation, and is at present chairman of the comic opera, Venice, Teatro Fenice, 1807 ;
Examining Committee of American Compo- Music to the ballets Gengis-Kan and Emilio
sitions, and was the first delegate sent to e Carolina, Milan, 1802 and 1804. Fetis
England by that association to the Confer- do., Suppli'ment, ii. 80 Mendel. ;
ence of the Society of Professional Musicians LAWES, HENRY, born at Dinton, Wilt-
held in 1888 in London. In 1884 he gave shire, England, De-
at Cleveland, Ohio, before the Association cember, 1595, died
the first concert in America the programme iu London, Oct. 21,
of which consisted entirely of American 1G62. Pupil of Gi-
compositions, and during the last three ovanni Coperario ;
years he has repeatedly given concerts of entered the Chapel

American compositions in Boston, where he Royal of Charles I.
has resided for some time. Works
in lG2f) composed
: A sym- ;
phony 2 operas An offertory for solo, cho-

; ; music for court en-
rus, and orchestra 30 etudes for jîanoforte; ; teiiainments after ;
Sonata for pianoforte and violin Suite for the Restoration, in

;
pianoforte and violoncello 2 suites d'or- ICGO, he was reinstated in his appointments
;
cbestre Several overtures Trio for piano- at the court.

; Works Music for Shirley's
; :
43i
:
LAW SON
masque, The Triumplis of Peace, 1G33 (with organist in Florence, where his talents
his brother WiUiam and Simon Ives) Music ;

gained him considerable reputation, and
for Carew's masque, C(ukim Britaunicum, later returned to France. He is said to
about 1G33 Songs for Milton's C'omus,
;
have been Benvenuto Cellini's music
1G34 A Paraphi-ase upon the Psalmes of
;
teacher, and Andrea del Sarto put his por-
David (1G37) ; Songs for WilUam Cart- trait into his fresco of the Adoration of the
wright's plays and poems ; Christmas songs Magi in Florence. Works Masses, motets, :
in Merrick's Hesperides ; Ayres and Dia- songs, and madrigals, in various contempo-
logues for One, Two, and Thi-ee Voyces rary collections. Futis ; Riemann.
(1653, 1655, Music for Dave-
and 1658) ; LAZARUS, oratorio, text by August Her-
naut's First Day's Entertainment of Musick mann Niemeyer, music by Schubert, first
at Rutland House, 1656, with others Za- ; given in Vienna, March 27, 18G3. It was
dok the Priest, anthem Songs iu other ; written in February, 1820, for an Easter
collections Select Musicall Ayres and Dia-
;
cantata for that year, but was unfinished.
logues (1652, 1653, and 1659), and The For many years the original score was in
Treasurey of Musick (1669). His brother the possession of the firm Diabelli (after-
William also was a member of the Chapel wards Spina), of Vienna. Kreissle von Hell-
Eoyal, and afterwards chamber musician to born discovered iu 1859 the first jiart in
Charles I. He was killed, as a soldier of Sjiaun's collection, and the second part was
the Royalist army, during the siege of Ches- found in 1861 among Schubert's MSS. in
ter. Anthems and other vocal compositions Alexander W. Thayer's collection. Another
by him are to be found iu some collections MS. was discovered in the possession of
of the time.
Grove Mendel Fetis Schil-
; ; ;
Ferdinand Schubert's wife. The MS. is
ling; Gerber; Burney, iii. 381, 393; Haw- in the Musikvereiu of Vienna. Characters
kins, iv. 48; Barrett, Eug. Church Com- represented at the first jserformance, under
posers, 64. direction of Johann Herbeck The man of :
LAWSON, MALCOLM LEONARD, born Bethany, Lazarus, Olschbauer Mary, Frl. ;
at Wellington, Shropshire, England, iu 1849, Tellheim Martha, Frl. Konig

;
Jemima, ;
still living, 1889. Organist, studied under Jairus's daughter, Frau Wilt Nathanael, ;
various masters iu London, France, Italy, Herr Schultner Simon the Sadducee, Herr
;
and Germany was appointed organist and

;
Mayerhofer. Published by Spina (Vienna,
choirmaster of the Roman Catholic Church 1866).
Hellboru, Schubert (Coleridge),
iu London, 1876, conductor of the Gluck 180 Allgem. mus. Zeitung (1863), 373 ;
;
Society, 1877, director of the musical branch Austin, Schubert, 51.

of the Kyrie Society, 1878, and Associate of LE.YL, JO AO, Portuguese composer of the
the Philharmonic Society, 1878. Works : early part of the 19th century. Of a family
The Three Princesses, ojiera Airs and in- ;
he was skilled in the comj)o-
of musicians,
terludes to the play of " England," London, sition of a kind of love-song called in Por-
1876 Music to the play of " Olivia," Lon-

;
tugal modinhas, the words and melody of
don, 1877; Overtui-e to Savonarola; 2 fes- which are simple. Fetis, Supplement, ii.
tival services G anthems for 4 voices and 85
;
Mendel, Ergiluz., 210 VasconceUos,
; ;
organ 6 motets for female voices 2 sym- 190.

; ;
phonies Numerous songs and pieces for

;
LEBEAU, FRANgOIS, bom at Liege,
pianoforte.
Brown. Aug. 4, 1827, still living, 1889. Amateur
LAYOLLE, FRANCOIS DE, born, prob- composer, pupil of Michelot on the piano-
ably in France, about the end of the 15th forte, and of Bosselet in harmony. He was
century. In Italian he was called Fran- secretary of the administrative commission
cesco Ajolla, or dell' Aiolle. He became of the Conservatoire, Brussels. Work
;;
LEBEWOHL
Esmoralda, opera, libretto by Victor Hugo, servatoire of Dourlen and Cherubini ob- ;
given at Liege, 185G, Antwerp, Brussels, tained the second prize for composition in
1857.
Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 85. 1818, and the first in 1820. He was in-
LEBEWOHL, DAS, die Abwesenlieit, das structor at the Conservatoire in 1816-36,
Wiederselin (Leg adieux, I'absence, et le re- then succeeded Reicha as professor of com-
tour ; Farewell, Absence, and Return), Son- position. Li 1834 he was made librarian
by Beethoven,
ate cai'acteristique in E-flat, of the Opera, antl later of the chapel of
op. 81a, written in 1809,and dedicated to Napoleon HI. Wôrks Operas : Les deux
the Erzherzog Rudolph of Austria. L Ada- Figaros, given at the Odeon, Paris, 1827 ;
gio, Allegro EL Andante IH. Vivacissimo,

; ; Le camp du drap d'or. Opera Comique,
poco Andante. Published in two parts : 1828 ; CLnq ans dentr'acte. Theatre de la
Ai-taria & Co. (Vienna, 1810) ; Breitkopf & Bourse, 1833 ; Lequel, ib., 1838. A treatise
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1811), Breitkopf & Hiu'tel, on harmony remains unpublished. Fetis ;
Beethoven Werke, Scrie 16, No. 26. Thayer, do., Su^jplement, ii. 86 Riemann. ;
Verzeichniss, 77 Mars, Beethoven, ii. 189

; ;
LEBOUC, CHARLES JOSEPH, born at
Lenz, Beethoven, vol. ii., ^lart ii., 201. Besan<;on, Dec. 22, 1822, still living, 1889.
LEBLANC, born about 1750, died Virtuoso on the violoncello, pupil at the
,
in Paris, March, 1827. Violinist and dra- Paris Conservatoire of Fi-anchomme on the
matic composer, chef d'orchestre at the violoncello, and of Halevy and Colet in
Tlu'atre Comique et Lyrique, Paris, 1791 composition. He was awarded the first
afterwards connected with the Theatre d'E- prize for violoncello in 1842, the second
mulation as composer till 1801. Reduced prize for harmony in 1843, and the first in
in circumstances, he was then obliged to 1844. He belonged to the orchestra of the
play second violin in the Theatre du Boule- Opera in 1844-48, was elected member of
vard du Temple, and finally earned his liv- the Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire
ing by copying music. Works Operas: in 1842, and was its secretary in 1856-60 ;
La noce bearnaise, Theatre de Bcaujolais, established the Soii-ees de Musique Clas-

1787 Gabrielle et Paulin, ib., 1788 La
; sique. W'orks Ave verum, for one voice, ; :
gageure, Theatre Comique et Lyrique, with violoncello and organ

folle La vision de ;
1790 Rosine et Zely, ib., 1790 Le ber- Sainte-Cecile, melodie for voice, with vio-
; ;
ceau de Henri TV., ib., 1790 Nicodeme

and pianoforte Trio de concert,
; loncello ;
dans la lune, ib., 1791 ; Le mariage de Na-

and strings Duos for piano- for isianoforte ;
non, ou la suite de Madame Angot, Theatre forte and violoncello Fantaisie, mazurka, ;
d'Emulation, 1796 Music to Telemaque, for violoncello, and a method for do. Fe-
;
pantomime, ib., 1797. Melodrames: Elisa, tis do.. Supplement, ii. 86 Mendel. ; ;
ou le triomphe des femmes Le serail Eg- LEBRUN, LOmS Sf:BASTIEN, born in

; ;
bert I., roi d'Austrasie Azemire, ou les Paris, Dec. 10, 1764, died there, June 27,
;
refugies peruviens. Ballets L'enfant du 1829. Dramatic composer at the age of

: ;
bonheur. Theatre d'Emulation, 1798 La seven he became chorister in Notre Dame, ;
foret enchantee, ou Isaure et Florestan, where he received his musical education.

Gaite, 1800 Huon de Bordeaux, ib., 1801
; He was appointed director in the Church of
Saphiriue, ou le reveil magique, ib., 1811 Saint-Germain I'Auxerrois in 1783 was ;

Riquet a la houppe, ib., 1811. Fetis do.. tenor at the Opera in 1787 and in 1791- ;
Supplement, ii. 86 Mendel. ; 1803, and at the Feydeau in 1791. He was

LEBORNE, AIME AMBROISE SIMON, instructor of singing at the Opera in 1803-
born in Brussels, Dec. 29, 1797, died in 7, tenor of Napoleon's chapel in 1807-10,
Paris, April 1, 1866. Dramatic composer and later its director. Works Operas :
and didactic writer, pupil at the Paris Con- L'art d'aimer, ou I'amour au village, 1780 ;
;
LEBEUN
Us ne savent pas lire, 1791 ; Le bou fils, Songs and part-songs. Allgem. d. Biogr.,
1795 ; f'milie efc Melcour, 1797 ; Le men- xviii. 104 Mendel. ;
teur maladroit, 1798 ; L'astronome, 1798 ;

LECHNER, LEONHARD, born near
Un momeut d'erreur ; La veuve americaine, Glarus, Switzerland, in tbe first balf of tbe
1799 ; Eliiouore et Dorval, ou la suite de la 16tb century, died at Nuremberg about
cinquantaiue, 1800 ;
Cburcb composer, pupil of Orlando
Le majou, 1800 ; Mar- 1594.
cellin, 1800 Les petits aveugles de Fran- Lasso.
;
He was town musician at Nurem-
conville, 1802 Le rossignol, 1816 Zeloide, berg in 1578-84, and later Kapellmeister to
; ;
ou les fleurs encbantees, 1818 L'An 11. Te tbe Duke of Wiirtemberg. Works Mo- ; :
Deum, 1809 Messe solennelle, 1815 Mass tectae sacrfe for 4-6 voices (1576) Motecta
; ; ;
for strings, 1826 Collection of romances. octo vocum, ad duos cboros (1576)
;
Sacra- ;
Fctis Mendel Eiemann Gerber Scbil- rum cantionum, etc., for 5-6 voices (1581)
; ; ; ; ;
ling Micbaud, Biog. Univ., xxiii. 505 N. Epitbalamium 24 vocum

;
Harmonia paue- ; ;
Biog. Gun., XXX. 161. gji'ica for 6 voices (1582) Harmonise mis- ;
LEBRUN, LUDWIG AUGUST, born in cellse (1583) Masses, canticles, and psalms ; ;
Mannbeim in 1746, died in Berlin, Dec. 16, Several collections of songs for 3-5 voices ;
1790. Virtuoso ou tbe oboe, probably tbe Bicinia und dreystimmige deutscbe Vil-
greatest of tbe 18tli century.In 17G7 be lanellen (1586) History of tbe Passion after ;
became a member of tbe electoral orcbestra tbe ancient Latin cboral, for 4 voices (1594).
in Municb, and from 1775 made concert Fetis Mendel Gerber Scbilling All- ; ; ; ;
tours tlirougb Germany, Italj', France, and gem. d. Biogr., xviii. 106 Monatsb. f. Mus. ;
England, winning great applause in London Gescb., i. 179.

(1781) and Paris (1784). Works 7 concer- LE CIEL NOUS A PLACES D.ANS LES :
tos for oboe witb orcbestra; 12 trios for RANGS. See Ambaumdrice.
oboe, violin, and violoncello Duos for flute. ;
LECLAIR, JEAN MARIE, born in Lyons
His Vfiie Francesca (born at Mannbeim, 1756, in 1697, died in Paris,
died in Berlin, May 14, 1791), sister of Franz Oct. 22, 17G4. Vio-
Danzi, one of tbe most eminent singers of linist, was a dancer
ber time, accompanied ber busband on bis in Rouen and went
concert tours. Sbe was also a good pianist, as ballet-master to
and composed trios, duos, and pianoforte Turin, wbere be be-
pieces. Futis ; Mendel ; Scbilliug ; Allgem. came a pupil of So-
d. Biogr., xviii. 102. mis on tbe violin
LEBWOHL, IRENE. See Eioizi. studied composition
LECERF, JUSTUS AÎADEUS, born at under C b e r o n in
Rosendorf, near Weissenfels, Saxony, June Paris in 1729, was ripieno-violinist at tbe
23, 1789, died in Dresden, Marcb 28, Opw-a, and in 1731 became a member of
1868. Pianist, pupil of Moritz Berger and tbe royal orcbestra, but soon resigned botb
August Eberbard jMiiUer in Leij^sic, later in positions. Tbe rest of bis life was spent in
Dresden of Weinlig in tbeory, and in Paris teacbing, and in composition. He was as-
of Reicba in composition. He was music sassinated in tbe street near bis bouse, but
director at Aix-la-Cbapelle in 1825-29, no particulars are known of tbe crime. He
lived tben in Berlin till 1843, and settled bolds tbe first place among Frencli compos-
finally in Dresden, to teacb music. Works ers for tbe vioUn. Works Glaucus et : :
Jery und Biitely, Singspiel, given in tbe Scylla, opera, given at tbe Academic Royale
court tbeatre, Dresden, 1846 Des Lebens de Musique, Paris, 1746 Apollon et Cli-
; ;
Tag ist scbwer, motet ; Marcb for orcbestra ;

mene, opera-ballet, private tbeatre of tbe
Sonatas and otber pieces for pianoforte ; ,
Due de Gramont, 1750 Concerti grossi, for
;
437
;
LECOCQ
strings and organ Overtures and sonatas, Canaries, 1883 L'oiseau bleu, 1884 Plutus,
; ; ;
as trios for violins 48 sonatas for 1886 Les grenadiers de Mont-Cornette,

and bass ; ;
violin, -with eontinuo Duos for violins 1886 Ali Baba, 1887 La voliere, 1888.
; ; ;
Trios for violins, with continue etc. Fe- Les fantoccini, ballet-pantomime, for piano- ;

tis ; do., Supplement, ii. 87 ;
Mendel ; Rie- forte ; a gavotte, and Les miettes, 20 char-
mann Wasielewski, Die Violine, acteristic pieces for pianoforte Songs La
; Schilling ; ; ;
23G Dubourg, The Violin, 187 Hart, The Chapelle au Convent, a collection of sacred
; ;
Violin, 284 Hawkins, Hist., v. 383. ;

songs (1885) Arrangement of Rameau's ;
LECOCQ, (ALEXANDRE) CHARLES, Castor et Pollux, 1877. Fetis, Supplement,

born in Paris, June ii. 88 ; Riemann ; Grove ; Mendel ; do., Er-
3, 1832, still living, giinz., 211.
1889. Dramatic com- LE COUPPEY, FtLIX, born in Paris,

poser, pupil at the April 14, 1814, died there, summer, 1887.
Conservatoire of Ba- Pianist and didactic writer, pupil at the
harmony, of Paris Conservatoire of Dourlen at the age
zin in ;
composi- of fourteen took the first prize for piano-

Halt'vy in
tion, and of Benoist forte, and two years later for harmony. He
on the organ took was instructor at the Conservatoire in ;
the first prize for har- 1828-43, and succeeded Dourlen as pro-
mony in 1850, and fessor of harmony in 1843. Works Chants :
the second for fugue in 1852. He was the du cceur, etudes, and other pieces for pi-
rival of Offenbach, and his operettas have anoforte Cours de piano elementaire et ;
become universally popular on account of progressif. He published also De I'en-

the light and lively melodies which charac- seignement du piano, conseils aux jeunes
terize his style. Works Operettas : Le professeurs (1865). Fetis ; Mendel ; Rie-
docleiir Miracle, 1857 Huis-Clos, 1859 ; ; mann.
Le baiser a la porte, 18G4 Liline et Valen- ; LEDENT, Ff:LIX ]^:TIENNE, born at
tin, 18G4 Les ondiues au Champagne,
; Liege, Nov. 20, 1809, died there at the end
1865 Le myosotis, 1866 Le cabaret de
; ; of 1886. Pianist, pupil of Jules Jalheau at
Ramponneau, 1867 Fleur de the, 1868 ; ; the Conservatoii'e of his native city, where
L'amour et son carquois, 1868 Les ju- ; he won the first prize in 1832, afterwards
meaux de Bergame, 1868 Le carnaval d'un ; pupil of Daussoigne-Mehul in composition ;
merle blauc, 1868 Gandolfo, 1869 Deux ; ; won the second prix de Rome in 1843, and
Iôrtieres pour uu cordon (with Herve and was appointed professor of pianoforte at the
Legouix), 1869 Le Rajah de IMysore, ; Conservatoire in 1844. Order of Leopold.
1869 Le beau Dunois, 1870 Le testament
; ; Works Adagio and rondo for pianoforte
:
de M. de Crac, 1871 Le harhier de Trou- ; and orchestra Pianoforte pieces, and many
;
ville, 1871 Sauvons la caisse, 1872 Les

; ; vocal melodies. Fetis,
Supplement, ii. 90.
cent vierges, 1872 Jjafillc de madame An- ; LEDERER, JOSEPH, born at Ziemets-
got, 1873 G a-ofU-Gh-o&a, 1874 Les Pros
; ; hausen, WUrtemberg, in 1733, died at
Saint-Gervais, 1874 Le pompon, 1875 La ; ; Ulm, October, 1796. Dramatic and church
petile mariee, 1876 Kosiki, 1876 La Mar- ; ; composer, and writer on music. He was
jolaine, 1877 Le 2^<'t>l Due, 1878 Camargo,
; ; canon in the Order of Augustin Friars, and
1878 La 2)eti/e Mademoiselle, 1879 Le
; ; professor of theology in the Convent of St.
grand Casimir, 1879 La jolie Persaue, ; Michael at Ulm. Works Die jugendlichen :
1880 Le Marquis de Windsor, 1880 Janot,

; ; Rekruten, opera, 1781 Etwas aus China, ;
1881 La roussotte, Le jour et la nuit, Le

; operetta, 1777 Gesang auf den frohen;
cceur et la main, 1882 La princesse des ; Liebesbuud, and other cantatas G masses ; ;
438
;
; :
LEDESMA
Te Deum ; Stabat Mater Magnificats,
obtained the second prize
; harmony. He
psalms, and other church music went back in 1826 to
; Collec- for bassoon in 1825 ;
tion of preludes, minuets, trios, sonatas, Nantes, where he studied pianoforte under

and airs for organ. Fetis Mendel Ger- Rhein. In 1841 he established a music
; ;
ber ; Schilling. business in Paris, which is still carried on
LEDESMA, MARIANO EODRIGUEZ by his son. Works

26 pieces for organ :
;
DE, born at Saragossa, Spain, Dec. 17, 9 collections of etudes 328 pieces for iî- ;
1779, died in Madrid in 1817. Dramatic anoforte 632 do. of dance music 13 do.
; ;
singer and church composer ; studied music for bassoon, 52 for guitar, and 38 for flute ;
while chorister in the Cathedral of Sara- 94 romances et melodies for 1-3 voices ;
gossa, went to Bladrid in 1804 as tenor Method for pianoforte. Fetis, Supplement,
singer at the OjJera, and in 180G was ai> ii. 91Mendel, Ergiinz., 211.
;
pointed singer of the royal chapel. The LEDUC, SIMON, born in Paris in 1748,
French invasion of Spain, in 1810, caused died there in 1787. Violinist, pupil of Ga-
him to go to England, where he became vinies. He was one of the conductors of
vocal instructor to Princess Charlotte, the Concerts Spirituels. Works 6 sym- :
daughter of the Prince of Wales. In 1815 jshonies for orchestra Concertos for violin ;
he returned to Madrid, was made royal with orchestra Symphonie concertante for
;
chamber-singer, and in 1836 director of 2 violins ; 2 collections of sonatas for violin,

the court chapel. Works 3 masses Re- : ; with viola, bass, or pianoforte Sonata for
;
quiem Stabat Mater Motets and other

; ; violin, with bass. Fetis ; Mendel.
church music Divertissements for piano-
; LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER, born in
forte and flute Pieces for pianoforte Airs
; ; London in 1802, died there, Oct. 8, 1851.
for bass voice Spanish and German songs.
;
He appeared as a tenor singer at the Dub-
Fetis; Mendel. lin Theatre in 1825, and at the Haymarket,
LEDESMA, NICOLAS, born at Grisel, London, in 1826 later became a music- ;
Aragou, July 19, 1791, died at Bilbao, Jan. l, dealer gave English operas at the Totten-
;
1881. Organist and church composer stud- ; ham Street Theatre in 1829 became lessee ;
ied singing and the elements of music while of Drury Lane Theatre in 1830 managed ;
chorister at the Cathedral of Tarragona Lenten oratorios at Drury Lane and Covent
later pupil at Saragossa of Ramon Ferrenac Garden in 1831 was director and composer ;
on the organ and in composition. At the at the Strand Theatre in 1832, and at the
age of sixteen years he was apjjointed organ- Olympic in 1845. Works Music to the
ist and choirmaster to the chapter of Borja, dramas The Sublime and the Beautiful,
:
in 1809 organist and instructor at Tafalla in 1828 The Invincibles, 1828 The Nymph
; ;
Navarra, and in 1832 director of the church of the Grotto, 1829 The Witness, 1829 ; ;
music and instructor at Bilbao, a position The Devil's Brother, 1831 The Legion of ;
which he still held in 18G2. Works: 8 Honour, 1831 Waverley (with Stansbury),
;
masses with orchestra Miserere Stabat ; ; 1832 Love in a Cottage Good Husbands
; ;
Mater for three voices with string quartet make Good Wives Sold for a Song Auld ; ;
Psalms Motets G sonatas for organ Col-

; ; ; Robin Gray, composed about 1838. Songs
lection of church music for organ. Fetis ;
Away, away to the mountain's brow, Come
Mendel. where the aspens quiver. The Macgregors'
LEDUC, ALPHONSE, born at Nantes, Gathering, etc. Grove.
March 9, 1804, died in Paris, June 17, 1868. LEE, LOUIS, born in Hamburg in 1819,
Pianist and virtuoso on the bassoon, the Virtuoso on the violon- still living, 1889.
flute, and the guitar pupil of his father,cello and the pianoforte, brother of Sebas-
;
then at the Paris Conservatoire of Reicha in tian Lee pupil of J. N. Prell. He began ;
439
; ;
:
LEE
to appear in concerts when twelve years of rent and Zimmerman, and composition under
age made concert tours in Germany and Berton and Hak'vy received second prizes
; ;
Denmark, and then lived in Paris several for pianoforte and

years. He went back to Hamburg to teach organ in 1834, and
music there, established chamber quartet the first prize for
concerts, became first violoncellist at the both in 1835 ; took
Philharmonic Society, and till 1884: was in- private lessons in
structor at the Conservatorium. Works : composition of
Music to SchOler's Jungfrau von Orleans Adolphe Adam, and
do. to Wilhelm Tell ; Symphonies ; 2 quar- on the organ of
tets for strings ;
Quartet, op. 10, and trio, Sejan. For some
op. 5, for pianoforte and strings Sonata, ; time he gave himself
op. 9, and sonatina, op. 15, for violoncello ;
up to teaching and
Sonata, op. 4, and sonatina, op. 13, for vio- composition, retaining his position at Saint-
lin Duos for pianoforte and violoncello Roch was organist at the Madeleine in-
; ; ;
Pianoforte pieces. Fetis Mendel Eie- 1847-58, and succeeded St'jan at Saint-
; ;
manu. Sulpice in 1863. Legion of Honour, 1850.

LEE, SEBASTLVN, born in Hamburg, His imj^rovisatious on the organ were wonder-
Dec. 24, 1805, died there, Jan. 4, 1887. ful, and his bright and striking harmonies
Violoncellist, brother of Louis Lee, jûjnl gave peculiar charm to his playing and com-
of J. N. Prell appeared in concerts in 1830- positions.
; Works Les recruteui-s, opera- :
36 in the principal towns of Germany, at the comique, 1861 Apres la victoire, cantata, ;
Thi'atre Italien in Paris, with Gusikow, and 1863 3 symphonies Mass with orchestra
; ;
;
in London. He was solo violoncellist at the 2 masses with organ a quartet and quintet ;
Opera, Paris, in 1837-68, and settled finally for strings Cantiques Offertoires An ; ; ;
in his native city. Works Variations, di- salutaris Fantasias for harmonium Organ
: ; ;
vertissements, fantasias, for violoncello and music 50 etudes and other jjiauoforte
;
orchestra Variations for violoncello and music, including Les cloches du monastere.
;
string quartet Duos for violoncellos

;
;

Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 92 Grove ; ; ;
Method for do.Fetis Mendel Eiemann. Mendel Riemaun.

; ; ;
LEEVES, WILLLVM, born in England, LEFEBVRE, CHARLES dOUARD,

June 11, 1748, died at Wrington, Somerset, born in Paris, June 19, 1843, still living,
]May 25, 1828. He was rector of Wrington 1889. Instrumental composer, pujjil at the
from 1779, and an amateur composer of Paris Conservatoire of Ambroise Thomas.
some merit. He left much church music, In 1870 he obtained the first prize for his
now forgotten, but is remembered as the cantata, Le jugement de Dieu. Works
compioser of " Auld Robin Gray," written in Zaire, opera, given at Lille, November, 1887
1770 to the words of Lady Anne Barnard Judith, lyric drama Dalila, scenes for or- ;
(1750-1825). Grove. chestra Symphony Symphonic suite ; ; ;
LEF^BURE-WELY, LOUIS JAMES Pieces symphoniques Overtures Le juge- ; ;
ALFRED, born in Paris, Nov. 13, 1817, died ment de Dieu, cantata Psalm for chorus ;
there, Dec. 31, 18G9. Organist, son of An- with orchestra Chorus and a romance for ;
toine Lefebure-Wely (1761-1831). When horn Quartet for pianoforte and strings
; ;
eight years old was able to take his father's Pianoforte music and songs. Fetis, Sup-
place at the organ, and at fifteen succeeded plement, ii. 92 Mendel, Ergiinz., 211. ;
him as organist at Saint-Roch. He entered LEFEBVRE, JACQUES, born at Prenz-

the Conservatoire in 1832, and studied the low, Brandenburg, in 1723, died in Berlin
organ under Benoist, pianoforte under Lau- in 1777. Violinist, pupil of Graun, and of
440
; ;
:
LEFEBYEE
Pliilipp Emanuel Bach in composition. He LEFEVRE, VICTOR GUSTAVE, born at
became first violinist in the orchestra of Provius (Seine-et-Marne), June 2, 1831,
Prince Henry of Prussia about 1750, later still living, 1889. He entered the Paris
taught music in Berlin was appointed chef Conservatoire, becoming a member of Colet's
;
d'orchestre at theFrench theatre there in class in harmony, but remained only two
1777, but died before he entered ujjon his months was then pupil of Pierre Maleden ;
office. Works Concertos, solos, duos, and for ten years. He became a director in
:
trios for violin ; Collection of odes, jssalms, 1865 of the school for sacred music,
and songs. Fetis
Mendel Schilling. ; founded by Niedermeyer, and in 1872 took
;
LEFEBVRE, \T1CT0R LOUIS AIME charge of the vocal society of classical mu-
JOSEPH, born at Lille, France, Jan. G, 1811, sic, also founded by Niedermeyer. Works :
died at Douai about 1840. Pianist, pupil Masses Quartets Music for Romeo and ; ;
at the Paris Conservatoire of Senriot, Jeleus- Juliet. He was author also of a Traite d'har-
perger, and Eeicha took the second prize monie and a Traito d'accompagnement et de
;
for composition in 1828, the first in 1829 ;

la bassechiffroe. Fetis, Supplement, ii.
studied under Berton till 1832, then settled 93 Mendel, Ergiinz., 211.
;
at Douai, and taught music. Works : 2 L:fiGAT DE FURCY, ANTOINE, born

trios for pianoforte and strings Quartet ;
at Maubeuge (Nord), France, in 1740, died
for strings ; Fantasias and other pieces for about 1798. Organist, dramatic and in-
pianoforte ; Romances and melodies for strumental composer, pupil in Paris of No-
voice with pianoforte. Fetis ; Mendel. blet and Rameau on the pianoforte and in
LEFfiVEE, JEAN XAVIEE, born at composition later organist at the church
;
Lausanne, Switzerland, March 6, 1763, died Sainte-Croix de la Bretonnerie and one of

in Paris, Nov. 9, 1829. Works Operas
Virtuoso on the the best teachers in Paris.
clarinet, pupil in Paris of Michel Yost Daphne Le saut de Philire ; ApoUon et ;
joined the band of the Guards, began in Leucade Les rendez-vous Le jardinier de ; ;
1787 to appear in concerts, was a member Sidon Palmyre. Cantatas Le retour ; :
of the Opera orchestra in 1791-1817, and d'Eglo Les soupirs La uaissance de ; ;
professor at the Conservatoire in 1795-1825. Venus LY'loge de la voix, 6 sonatas for ;
lu 1807 he entered the imjierial chapel. two flutes ; 2 collections of duets and sev-
Legion of Honour. Works 6 concertos for : eral do. of airs,romances, and songs Le- ;
clarinet with orchestra 2 symphonies con- ; mons de Minerve, romances morales 2 col- ;
certantes for clarinet and bassoon Concer- ; lections of solfeges Pianofoi-te music. ;
tante for oboe, clarinet, and bassoon 2 ; He wrote with Laborde the treatise, Essai
works of quartets for clarinet and strings ;
sur la musique. Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel
2 works of duos for clarinets Duos for ; Schilling.
clarinet and bassoon 6 sonatas for clarinet ; LEGEND OF DON MUNIO, dramatic
and bass 6 trios for two clarinets and bas-
; cantata in two parts, for solos, chorus, and
soon ; Method for clarinet, in use at the orchestra, by Dudley Buck, written in 1874.
Conservatoire. Fetis ; Mendel ; Gerber ;
Subject from Washington Irving's "Legend
Riemann ; Schilling. of Don Munio Saucho de Hinojosa," in his
LEFfiVRE, MAURICE, Belgian dramatic " Spanish Papers." It is among the best
composer, contemporary. Works L'ami American compositions of its class. Per-: of
Pierrot, opera-comique, text by composer, formed in New York for the first time at
given at the Flemish Theatre, Brussels, Oct. Chickering Hall, Dec. 14, 1886, by the
9, 1887 Le diner de Madelon, do., text by Courtney pupils, with pianoforte and organ
;
Desaugiers, Theatre de la Monnaie, ib., accompaniment. Upton, Standard Canta-

March 6, 1888. tas, 103 Atlantic Monthly, xxxiv. 758. ;
: ;
.
LEGENDE
LEGENDE YON DER HEILIGEN for guitar, pianoforte, and strings (with Lei-
ELIZABETH, DIE (The Legend of St Eliza- desdorf) ; Duos for guitar and llute 30 ;
beth), oratorio intwo parts, text by Otto works of exercises, rondos, caprices, and va-
Koquette, music by Liszt, first given at the riations Method, op. 250. Fctis Mendel ; ;
twenty-fifth anniversary of the Conservator- Schilling.

ium at Buda-Pesth, Aug. 15, 1865. This LEGOUIX, ISIDORE liDOUAED, born
work, dedicated to Ludwig 11. of Bavaria, in Paris, April 1, 1834, still living, 1889.
was suggested bj' the frescos in the Wart- Dramatic composer, puj)il at the Conserva-
burg, painted by Moritz von Schwindt, illus- toire of Henri Eeber received first prize ;
trating scenes fi'om the history of the Saint, for harmony in 1855 as pupil of Ambroise ;
daughter of King Andreas 11. of Hungary, Thomas obtained second prize for fugue in
whose life was devoted to good deeds. Char- 1856, and honourable mention for the prix
acters represented Herrmann, Landgrave of de Eome in 1860.
: Works Operas Un. :
Tluu-ingia Sophie, his wife Ludwig, their- Othello, given in the Theatre des Champs_
; ;
sou Elizabeth, Ludwig's bride Friedrich Elvsces, 1863 Le lion de Sahit-Marc, Thu,
; ; ;
U. of Hoheustaufen a Seneschal and cho- atre Saint-Germain, 1864

; ; Malbroug s'eii ;
ruses of Children, Crusaders, Hungarians, va-t-en guerre (with Bizet, Leo Delibes, am.
and Angels. The two parts are each divided Jonas), Athcnoe, 1867 Les dernieres gri ;
into three scenes corresjjouding to the sub- settes, Brussels, Fantaisies Parisiennes_
jects in the six frescos. The themes are 1874. Operettas : Ma fille, Delassements Co
mostly from Hungarian folk-songs. The miques, Pai-is, 1866 ; Le vengeur, Athcnrtg
oratorio was given at Weimar, June 11, 1868 Le mariage d'une etoile, Boutle.. ;
1871, under Liszt's direction first time in Parisiens, 1876

; Quinolette La clef d'ar_ ; ;
London, Feb. 24, 187G in Brooklyn, New gent La tartaue Madame Clara sonnani-
; ; ;
York, Feb. 28, 1884. Published by Kahnt bule, Palais Royal, 1877 Deux portiere, ;
(Leipsic, 1873). Pohl, Liszt, 331 Allgem. pour un cordon (with Hervu and Lecoc(,
;
mus. Zeitg. (18G5), 505, GG4 Mus. Woch- under the collective p.seudonym of Alciiu
;
eublatt (1871), 412 Athenroum (1870), i. dor), ib., 1869

; Romances and mclodit ;
337 Upton, Standard Oratorios, 180.

; for voice. Futis, Supplement, ii. 94.
LEGENDEN (Legends), for the piano- LEGRENZI, GIOVANNI, born at (lu"1
forte for four hands, by Antonin Dvofak, op. sone, near Bergamo, about 1625, died
59, dedicated to Eduard Hauslick. Pari 1 Venice in July, 1690. Dramatic and churcl_
L Allegretto, in D minor II. Molto mode- composer, pupU of Pallavicino became oi,
; ;
rate, in G HI. Allegro giusto, in G minor

; ganist of S. M. Maggiore in his native citvL
;
TV. Molto maestoso, in C Y. Allegro giusto then maestro di cappella of the churc,_
;
in A-flat Part 2 VI. Allegro con moto, in dello Spirito Santo at Ferrara, and in o^'
; :
C VU. Allegretto grazioso, in A \TII. after 1664 director of the Conservatorio dt

; ;
Un poco allegretto e grazioso, in F IX. Mendicant! at Venice, where he was alsi ;
Andante con moto, in D X. Andante, in B- from 1685, maestro di cappella at Sa._

;
flat. Published by Simrock (Berhn, 1881). Marco, the orchestra of which he conside,_
Lfei:RES HIEONDELLES. See ably enlarged and improved. His opcrjjg
Miqnon. show a marked progress over those of h.
LEGNANI, LUIGI, born in Milan in predecessors, especially in the instrument^
1790, died at Geneva after 1835. Virtuoso tion. He was the master of Lotti. Worl .
on the guitar, appeared in concerts in Operas Achille in Sciro, Venice, 161^ :
1819-25 with great success, then settled in Zenobia e Radamisto, 1665 Tiridate, 16(iLi ;
Geneva as instructor. Works Terramoto Eteocle e Polinice, and La divisione d__

:
con variazioni, solo for guitar ; Variations mondo, 1675 Adone in Cipro, and Ge ;
;
LEIIMANN
manico sul Reno, 1G7G Totila, 1G77 An- Works Christus, oratorio
;
Chorals Sa- ; : ; ;
tioco il Grande, II Creso, and Pausauia, cred part-songs Songs for schools. Sev- ;
1G81 Ottaviauo Cesaie Augusto, and Lisi- eral theoretical works. Mendel.
;

macco ricamato da AJessaudro, 1G82 I due LEIBROCK, JOSEF ADOLF, born at ;
Cesari, Ginstino, and L'anarchia dell' im- Brunswick, Jan. 8, 1808, died in Berlin,
pero, 1GS3 Publio Elio Pertiuace, 1G84. Aug. 8, 1886. Violoncellist, pupil of Con-
;
Concerto di messe e salmi a 3 e 4 voci (Yen- zertmeister Maucourt on the violin, of Gi'i-
deke on the violoncello, and of Zinkei-
sen in theory. On the point of taking
up the study of theology at the univers-
^
--^^^fi^^ he accepted a position as violoncellist
ity,
which
in the court orchestra at Brunswick,
ice, 1654) ; Motetti a 2, 3 e 4 voci (1G55) he resumed after having conducted the the-
do. a 5 voci (IGGO) ; Sacri e festivi con- atre at Ratisbon in 1830. Works Music to :
cert!, messo e salmi a due cori (1G57) ; Seu- Schiller's Die Riiuber, and to several melo-
timeuti devoti a 2 e 3 voci (IGGO) ; Com- dramas Overtures; String quartets, pi-
;
piete con litanie ed antifone, etc., a 5 voci anoforte music, and songs. He published
(1GG2) Cantate a voce sola (1G74)
;
Idee ; Musikalische Akkordenlehre (1875). Fe-
armouicbe a 2 e 3 voci (1678) Ecbi di re- ;
^
tis ; Mendel ; Eiemann.
vereuza, 14 cantate a voce sola (1679) Mo- ; LEICESTER, ou le chateau de Kenil-
tetti sacri a voce sola con tre stromeuti i worth, French opcra-comique in three acts.
(1692) Suouate per chiesa (1655) Suonate
;
; ,
text by Scribe and Melesville, music by Au-
da chiesa e da camera a tre (165G) do. a 2, ; ber, represented at the Optra Comique,
3 e 4 voci (1793) Una muta di suonate ;
Paris, Jan. 25, 1823. Subject from Walter
(1664) ; Suonate a 2 violini e violone Scott's romance. The opera had but little
(1667) ; La cetra, suonate a 2, 3 e 4 stro- success. Published by Haslinger (Vienna,
meuti (1673) ; Suonate a 2 violini e violon- 1840). Allgem. mus. Zeitung, xxix. 20.
cello (1G77). Fetis ; Mendel; Gerber ;
LEIDESDORF, MAX JOSEF, born in
Schilling ; Riemann. Vienna in 1780, died in Florence, Sept. 20,
LEHMANN, FRIED RICH ADOLF, 1839. Pianist and instrumental composer,
Freiherr VON, born
Meissen in 1768, died settled in Florence after 1827.
at Works:
atHalle, Jan. 11, 1841. Amateur jjianist and Esther, oratorio for 4 voices, with chorus
instrumental and vocal composer. Till the and orchestra Quintet for pianoforte and ;
time of Schubert his songs were the most strings, op. 66 Quartet do., op. 123 Trio ; ;
appreciated. W'orks 6 marches for grand do., O}). 70 Rondeau brillant, for piano-
: ;
orchestra Marches and variations for pianoforte, strings, flute, and clarinet, op. 128
; \
;
forte ; Part-songs for 3-4 voices ; Many Sonatas for pianoforte and violin ; Con-
songs. Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel ; Schilling. certos, sonatas, variations, fantasias, and
LEHMANN, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, born other pieces for pianoforte. Fotis ; Men-
at Ponsdorf, near Finsterwalde, Prussia, del ; Wurzbach.
Jan. 26, 1821, still living, 1889. Vocal LEIDGEBEL, AMANDUS LEOPOLD,
composer and didactic writer, pupil of born at Guhrau, Dec. 26, 1816, died in
Hentschel at the seminary at Weissenfels Berlin, September, 1886. Pianist and or-
in 1838-40 for fourteen years school- ganist, studied music in Breslau, and settled
; 1
master and music teacher in different in 1843 in Berlin, whei-e he completed his
places, and finally appointed instructor in course of composition under Marx, and be- \
the seminary at Elsterwerda. He is an came a successful teacher. Works Quintet :
esteemed contributor to musical iâpers. for pianoforte and strings ;

Quartet, do.;
443
;
LEIGIITOX
Sonatas for pianofoi'te and violin Duos, in D, for mixed voices, organ accompani-
;
sonatas, caprices cle other ment

concert, ilass in A
and Mass in E-flat Ave ; ; ;
pieces for pianoforte Several collections Maria Te Deum in D Requiem for mixed
; ; ;
of songs.
Fetis, Supj>lement, ii. 95 Men- voices and organ Suite of Wedding Mu-
; ;
del. sic, for violin and pianoforte ; Wedding

LEIGHTON, Sir WILLL\]M,
English March, Twilight, Gavotte, Devotion, Fan-
comjjoser of the IGth and 17th centuries. tasma, Scherzo, and other pieces for the
He lived iu London, and was one of the isiauoforte. He is author also of The Mod-
Gentlemen Pensioners of Elizabeth and ern School of Piano Technics Preparatory ;
James I. Works : The Teares or Lamen- Piano Method.

tacions of a Sorrowfull Soule Composed ;LEJEUNE, CLAUDE (Claudin), born at
with Musicall Ayres and Songs both for Valenciennes about
Voj'ces and Divers Instruments (1G14), a 1530, died between
collection of 54 psalms and hymns. Only 1598 and 1603. Con-
the first 8 are by Leighton, the other contrapuntist, not to be
tributors being Byrd, Bull, Dowlaud, Ford, confounded with
Orlando Gibbons, Giles, Hooper, Wilbye, Claude de Sermisy ;
Weelkes, and Milton. Grove Futis. ; was probably not in
LEITERT, JOHANN GEORG, born in France iu 1572, since
Dresden, Sept. 29, 1852, died there, Dec. 11, he was a Huguenot,
1883. Virtuoso on the pianoforte, pupil of yet escaped the mas-
Kriigen and Reichel, and in harmony of sacre of St. Bartholomew, but in 1581 was
Rischbieter ; afterwards in Rome pupil of at the court of Henri IH., and wrote music
Liszt. He played with success in a concert for the wedding of the Due de Joyeuse.
in Dresden before attaining his thirteenth There is a story that during the siege of
year, and was soon after invited to play Paris, in the wars of the League, he at-
in the Gewandhaus, Leipsic. He went to tempted flight, carrying all his manuscript
England in 1867, to Weimar in 1869, and compositions with him, but was captured by
followed Liszt to Rome, where he sj)ent two the Catholic soldiery and would have seen
winters (1869-70), winning applause in sev- his works burned if a Catholic musician,
eral concerts. He returned to Dresden in Jacques Mauduit, had not rescued them and
1871, and with Wilhelmj made a brilliant helped him to escape. He entered the ser-
concert tour through Germany, Poland, vice of Henri IV. and was granted the title
and Russia in 1872. His compositions are of composer of the king's chamber music.
mostly salon pieces in the modern style. He enjoyed a great reputation among his
Mendel ; Riemann. French contemporaries. Works Livre de :
LEJEAL, ALOIS FRANCIS, born iu melanges (Antwerp, 1585, Paris, 1607)

Hagenau, Alsace, Jan. 15, 1840, still living, Recueil de iilusieurs chansons et airs nou-
1889. veaux (Paris, 1594) Dodi'cacorde coutenant
Pianist, pupil of his uncle Ignatius ;
Garner, and in composition of M. E. Sachs douze psaumes de David (La Rochelle, 1598,
in Munich. He went to America and in Paris, 1608 and 1618) ; Le Printemps
1862 was settled in New York where, in (Paris, 1603) ; Missa (ib., 1607) ; Psaumes
connection with Edward Mollenhauer and de David (ib., 1607-8) Psaumes de Marot ;
S. N. Griswold, he founded the New York et de Thi'odore de Bi-ze (La Rochelle, 1608,
Conservatory of Music. In 1870 he re- and many later editions in different coun-
turned to Europe, but again went to Amer- tries), having been almost universally used
ica and in 1875 settled in San Francisco, churches Airs (Paris, 1608)
in Calvinistic ;
where he has since resided. Works Mass : Octouaires de la vauite et iuconstance du
m
;;
LE JOUR
monde (ib., 1610) ; Second livi-e des mes- ment, 1825 Les rencontres (with Catrufo), ;
langes (ib., 1G12, Antwerp, 1G17). Fetis ;

1828 AiTangements of several of Rossini's
;
Mendel, yi. 289 Anibros, Gesch., iii. 343 ;operas Military symphony Pianoforte and ; ; ;
Buruey, Hist., iii. -40, 265 Hawkins, Hist., instrumental pieces Songs. Fetis Men-
; ; ;
iii. 204, 454. del Larousse. ;
LE JOUR BAISSE ET IVIA MliEE. See LEMMENS, JACQUES NICOLAS, born

Le Prophele. Antwerp, Jan. at Zoerle-Parwys, province of
LELIO, OU LE RETOUR A LA VIE. 3, 1823, died at Linterport Castle, near
See Episode de la vie d'un artiste. Mechlin, Jan. 30, 1881. Virtuoso on the
LEMAIRE, CHARLES, born in Paris in organ and pianist, pupil of his father, and
the second half of the 17th century, died at Diest of Van der Broeck, then (1839) at
there in 1704. Vocal composer, member of the Conservatoii-e, Brussels, of Godineau on
the chapel Louis XIV. in 1669-1702.
of the pianoforte ; again, in 1841, having mean-
Works Cantatas for solo voice Les quatre : while been for some months organist at
saisous ; Le sacrifice d'amour Eudymion ; ;
Diest, pupil of Michelot on the pianoforte,
La Constance ; Le retour du printemps. of Girschner ou the organ, and of Fetis in
Collection of motets for 1-2 voices, with counterpoint and fugue. He went in 1846
basso continvio ; Collection of songs. Fe- with a government pension to Breslau to
tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. study under Adolf Hesse, and iu 1849 be-
LE MIEN, DIT-IL. See GuiUaume Tell. came professor of organ at the Conserva-
LEMI&RE DE CORVEY, JEAN FRE- toire, Brussels. In 1857 he married the
DERIC AUGUSTE, born at Rennesin 1770, singer Miss Sherrington, and thenceforth
died in Paris, April 19, 1832. Dramatic lived much in England, but in 1879 he
composer ; studied music in his native town, opened a college for training Catholic or-
served in the republican army, and iu 1792 ganists and choirmasters at Mechlin.
went to Paris, where he took lessons iu Works : Improvisations, sonatas, and many
harmony of Berton, and attracted attention other compositions (over 60), for organ ;
by setting a newspaper article to music. Te Deum symphonies for orchestra

; 2
He was appointed aide to Gen. Thiebault in Motets and songs Sonatas and other pieces ;
Belgium returned to Paris in 1794 fought

; ; for pianoforte ; l5cole d'orgue, iu use at the
in Germany in 1796-97, and was wounded ;
Conservatoires of Brussels, Paris, and other
served through the campaigns iu Prussia, cities. Fetis ; do., Suj)plement, ii. 97
Poland, Spain, and at Waterloo, and set- Mendel ; Riemann.
tled in Paris in 1817, but was no longer LEMOYNE, GABRIEL, born in Berlin,
successful in comjjosiug, and died of the Oct. 14, 1772, died iu Paris, July 1.5, 1815.
cholera. Works Operas and operettas : Pianist, son of Jean Baptiste Lemoyne,
Constance, 1790 Les chevaliers errants, ; whom he followed to Paris at the age of nine
1792 Crispin rival, Le poeme vole, 1793
; : years pupil of Clement and Edelmann on
;
Scene patriotique. La reprise de Toulon, the pianoforte and in harmony made con- ;
Andros et Almona, 1794 Le congres des ;

cert tours in France and the Netherlands,
rois (in collaboration) Babouc, L'ucolier en ; with the violinist Lafont, during the first
vacances, Les suspects. La blonde et la years of this century. After his return to
bruue, 1795 La moitie du chemiu, 1790
; ;
Paris, he devoted himself to teaching and
Les deux orphelines, La maisou changee, composition. Works L'entre-sol, opera :
La paix et I'amour, Les deux Crispins, 1798 ;

(with Piccinni), Theatre des Varietes, 1802 ;
Le porteur d'eau, 1801; Henri et Felicie, 2 operettas ; 2 concertos for pianoforte

1808 La cruche cassee, ou les rivaux de
;
with orchestra Trio for pianoforte and ;
village, 1819 La fausse croisade, Le testa-

;
strings Sonatas for pianoforte and violin ;
;
446
;
LEMOYNE
Duo for 2 pianofortes ; Sonatas, cajjrices, Paris, Dec. 15, 1829. Dramatic composer,
fantasias, rondos, and other iîeces for pi- pupil of his father, who was a musician iu
anoforte 4; collections of romances. Fe- the service of the Elector, and of Canna-
tis ; Mendel. bich ; went to Paris iu 1784. Works :
LEMO YNE, (JEAN B.APTISTE MOYNE) Lausus et Lydie, opera (with Mthul)
called, born at Eymet (Perigord), April 3, L' Amour et Psyche, opera-ballet ; Joad,
1751, died in Paris, Dec. 30, 179G. Dra- oratorio, performed at the Concerts Spiritu-
matic composer studied music uuder Lis
; cls, 1784 Septets and quartets for strings
; ;
uncle, who was maitre de cliapelle of the Sonatas for pianoforte. Fetis.
cathedral at Perigueux then acted as chef ;
LENORA, cantata, text by John Oxen-
d'orchestre in several cities of France, and ford, music by George Alexander Macfarren,
about 1770 became a pupil of Grauu, Kirn- first given at the Royal Academy, London,
berger, and J. A. P. Sehulz in Berlin, and July 3, 1852 by the Harmonic Union, Lon-
;
was appointed assistant director of the don, April 25, 1853. Miss Louisa Pyne,
court theatre there. In 1775 he went to Mme. Macfarren, and Herr Staudigl sang
"Warsaw, but returned to France, and after the solos.
Atheuanun (1852), 75G.
a tour in Itah' again made Paris his home, LENORE STJIPHONY, in E, for or-
in 1788.
Works Ojjeras Le bouquet de : chestra, by Joachim Raff, op. 177, first per-
Colette, Warsaw, 1775 Elcctre, Paris, 1782 ; ;
formed at a Festival in Spa in September,
Phc'dre, ib., 178G Nephtii, ib., 1789
; Les ; 1873. This is Raff's fifth and most popular
prc'tendus, ib., 1789 Louis IX en Egjpte,; symj)houy. I. Liebesgliick (Allegro, An-
ib., 1790 Les pommiers et le moulin, ib.,
; dante quasi Larghetto) ; H. Trennung
1790 Elfride, ib., 1792 Miltiade a Mara-
; ; (March tempo) ; HI. Wiedervereinigung im
thon, ib., 1793 Toute la Groce, ib., 1794
; ;
Tode, Introduction and Ballad after Biirg-
Le batelier, ou les sTais sans-culottes, ib., er's " Lenore " (Allegro).The final move-
1794 Le compere Luc, ib., 1794 Le men-
; ; ment describes with great skill the grotesque
songe officieus, ib., 1795 Nadir, ou le ; ride, the dance of the spectres, and the
dormeiu- eveilk' Sylvius Nerva, ou la
; death of Lenore. This symphony was first
malediction patemelle L'ile des fem- ; performed by the Philharmonic Society of
mes. Ode sur le combat d'Ouessant, in New York in the season of 1873-74, and at
the form of an oratorio, executed at the the Ciystal Palace, London, Nov. 14, 1874.
Concerts Spiritucls, 1778. Fotis; Mendel;
Published by Seitz (Leipsic, 1873). Athe-
Schilling. nrcum (1874), ii. G85 Grove, iii. 290 Up- ; ;
LENEPVEU, CHARLES FERDINAND, ton, Standard Symphonies, 209.

born at Rouen, Oct. 4, 1840, still living, LENTON, JOHN, English composer of
1889. Dramatic composer, pupil iu Paris of the latter part of the 17th century, died
Augustin Savard, and at the Conservatoii-e after 1711. He was a member of the bands
(1863) of Ambroise Thomas received the of WilUam and Mary and of Queen Anne.
;
prix de Rome in 1875, and after his return Works The Gentleman's Diversion, or the :
to Paris in 18G8 continued the study of Violin explained (1G93 2d ed., entitled ;
counterpoint and fugue under Alexis Chau- The Useful Instructor on the Violin, 1702) ;
vet. Works : Le Consort of Musick in three parts (about

Florentin, opera, given at A
the Opera Comique, 1874 Velleda, opera 1694, with Thomas Toilet) Overtm-es and
; ;
;
Eenaud dans les jardins d'Armide, cantata, act tunes for the following plays Venice :
18GG Requiem, 1871

; Pianoforte music. Preserved, 1685, The Ambitious Stepmother,
;
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 99. 1700, Tamburlain, 1702, The Fair Penitent,
LENOBLE, JOSEPH, born at Mann- 1703, Liberty Asserted, 1704, Abra Muley,
heim, Sept. 1, 1753, died at Brunoy, near 1704 ; Songs ; Revised music for earlier
446
,
LENTZ
editions of Melancholy. wrote his famous 8-voice Miserere for the
Pills to jjurge
Grove. Duke of Savoy, who rewarded him with a
LENTZ, HEINRICH GERHARD, born pension of one hundred ounces of silver.
iu Cologne iu 17G-1, died in Warsaw, Aug. He was probably the greatest teacher of his
21, 1839. Pianist and instrumental com- day Jommelli and Piccinni were among ;
poser, pupil of his father, a distinguished his pupils. He was also a fine organist and
organist, on the pianoforte and the organ. violoncellist, being one of the first to intro-
In 1784 he went to Paris, where he played duce the violoncello into Italy. His death
a concerto of his composition at the Con- was very sudden he was found in his ;
certs Sxîrituels ; lived inroom, seated with his head resting on his
London, playing in
concerts and teaching, in 1792-95, then in clavecin, to all appearances asleep, but
Germany as secretary to Prince Louis Ferdi- really dead. To Leo, together with his pre-
nand of Prussia till 1802, when he went to decessor Alessandro Scarlatti, and his con-
Halle. Soon after this he took up his resi- temporaries Durante and Feo, belongs the
dence at Lomberg, Galicia, and finally set- glory of founding the Neapolitan school,
tled at Warsaw, where ho founded a piano- which during a century gave to Europe
forte factory. Works: 2 symphonies, op. many of its greatest comjiosers. In sacred
10, and iu G 3 concertos for piauofoi'te, composition he rises almost to the sublim-
;
op. 4, G, 7 9 trios for pianoforte and ity of Durante, while he quite equals him
;
strings, op. G, 8 9 sonatas for pianoforte iu ijurity of style and surpasses him in
;
and violin, op. 1, 2, 3 ; 3 sonatas for pi- charm. In opera his style is noble, simple,
anoforte, 2 of them with flute and and often expressively dramatic he knew
bass, ;
1 with violin, ojx 11 ; Airs vai'ios, preludes, how to produce striking efiects by the sim-
and other pieces for pianoforte ; Songs. Fe- j)lest means.
tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Works : I. Operas : II gran giorno d' Ar-
LEO, LEONARDO, born at San Vito cadia, serenata a 4 voci, for the birthday
deg1i SchiaVi of Leopold, Archduke of Austria, 171G ;
Kingdom of Na- Diana amante, serenata for the fete of the

ples, in 1G94, died contessa Daun, vice-queen of Naples, 1717 ;
iu Naples in 1746. Le nozze in dansa, pastorale, given at the

He studied under house of the principe di San Nicandra,
Alessandro Scar- 1718 Serenata iu praise of Sir George
;
latti and Fago at Bingh, 1779 Sofonisba, Naples, Teatro

;
the Conservatorio Sau Bartolomeo, 1719 Cajo Gracco, ib., ;
della Pieta de' 1720 ; Bajazette, ib., at the viceregal palace,

Turchini, and also 1722 ; Tamerlano, Rome, 1722 ; Timocrate,
probably took Venice, Teatro Saut' Angiolo, 1723 Zeno- ;
counterpoint lessons of Pitoni in Rome. On bia in Palmira, Naples, Teatro San Bartolo-
meo, 1725 Astianatte, ib., 1725 La So-
his return to Naples, after the completion of ; ;
his studies,he was appointed second master mighanza, ib., Teatro de' Fiorentini, 172G ;
at La Pieta in 171G he was named organist L' Orismane, ossia gli sdegni degli amori,
;
of the Royal Chapel, and in 1717 maestro ib., Teatro Nuovo, 172G II trionfo di Ca- ;
di cappella at Santa Maria della Solitaria. milla, regina de' Volsci, Rome, Teatro Ca-
A few years later he quitted La Pieta for pranica, 172G Akssandro nell' Indie, ib., ;
the Conservatorio di San Onofrio, where 1727 Giro riconosciuto, Naples, 1728 Ar- ; ;
he remained for the rest of his life. His gene, ib., 1728 La Zingara, intermezzo, ;
first opera, Sofouisba, was brought out ib., 1731 Litermezzi for Argene, 1731 ; ;
iu 1719 with great success. In 1743 he Galone iu Utica, Venice, 1732 ; Amore da
447
; ;
LfiOCADIE
senno, Naples, Teatro Nuovo, 1733 ; Emiia Magnificat a 5 voci ed orch. ; Lezione per
(witli intermezzi by Ignazio Prota), ib., Teatro il mercoledi, il giovedl ed il venerdi della
Sau Bartolomeo, 1735 La damenza di Tito, ;
settimana santa Responsorj a 4 voci, for
;
1735 Onore vince Amore, Naples, Teatro

;
San Antonio in Padua Responsorj a 4 voci ;
de' Fioreutini, 1736 La simpatia del san- ;

per il mercoledi, il giovedi ed il venerdi
gue, ib., Teatro Nuovo, 1737 Siface, Bo- ;
della settuuana santa Cantata per il glori- ;
logna, Teatro Malvezzi, 1737 Festa tea- ;

oso San Vlnceuzo Ferrari, o sia motetto a
trale, Naples, 1739 La coutesa dell' Amore ;
5 voci con stromenti ; Cantata perilmiracolo
e deUa Vii-tti, ib., 1740 II Medo, ib., 1740 ; ;
del glorioso Sau Gennaro a 5 voci e grande
II matrimonio nascoso, ib., 1740 Alessan- ; orchestra ; Motetto, Jam surrexit dies glo-
dro, ib., Teatro de' Fioreutini, 1741 De- ;
riosa, a 5 voci ed orch. ; Motetto a 2 cori,
mofoonte, ib., Teatro San Carlo, 1741 ; 1736 ; Pange lingua, a 4 voci, 1744 ; Chris-
Andromeda, ib., ib., 1742 Vologeso, ib., ;
1744 hajinla Frascatana (posthumous, fin-

;
ished by Capranica), ib., Teatro Nuovo,

1744. The dates of the following are uncer-
tain, or wholly unknown Evergete, Naples, : tus, a 2 cori, in D ; Christus, alia Palestrina,
about 1730 (?) H trionfo di Camillo, ib., ; in G Tu
; es sacerdos, a 4 voci ; Tantum
about 1735 (?) Le nozze di Psiche, ib., ;
ergo, a 4 voci ; Alleluia, a 4 voci ; Laudate
about 1735 (?) Amor vuol softerenza, about
; pueri, a 2 soprani con coro ; Ave maris Stella
1740 (?) Artaserse, Naples, about 1740 (?);
;
per voce di soprano, 2 violini, viola ed or-
L' Olimpiade, ib., about 1740 (?) Nitocri, ; gano (Paris, Porro).
regina cV Egitto, ib., about 1740 (?) AchiUe ; IV. Instrumental : Toccatas for clavecin
in Seiro, Turin, 1743 (?); IlPisistrate, Naples, books of fugues for organ Six concertos 2 ;
about 1750 (?) H conte, Naples, Teatro de' ; for violoncello, with 2 viohns, viola, and
Fiorentini Alidoro, ib., ib.
; La fedelti odi- bass, 1737-38 6 books of solfeggj for the ; ;
ata, ib., ib. Ezio ; Lucio Pajoirio, dittatore, Conservatorio di San Onofrio
; 2 books of ;
Naples Arianna e Teseo, cantata teatrale.

; pai-timenti (figured basses) for the same
n. Oratorios La morte d' Abele, in two school 56 airs in score, with instruments,
: ;
parts, 1732 Santa Elena al Calvario, in duets, trios, etc.

; Viharosa, Memorie dei
two parts, 1733 Santa Chiara, in two parts compositoi-i di musica del regno di Napoli,
;
H Santo Alessio. 101 (Naples, 1840) Futis. ;
HL Church music Messa a 4 voci, alia LfiOCADIE, drame lyrique in three acts,
:
Palestrina Messa a 4 voci ed orchestra (in text by Scribe and MOlesviUe, music by
;
the Paris Conservatoire Library) Messa a 5 Auber, first represented at the Opera Co- ;
voci ed organo, in D, Rome, San Giacomo mique, Paris, Nov. 4, 1824. Clement et
de' Spagnuoli, 1743 2 Messa a 5 voci ed Larousse, 399. ;
orch., in F and G Credo a 10 voci in 2 LfiOLINE. See L'Ame en peine.

;
cori ed orch. Credo a 4 voci ed orch.; ; LEONARD, HUBERT, bom at Bellaire,

Dixit a 4 voci ed organo Dixit a 5 voci ed near Liege, April 7, 1819, still living, 1889.
;
organo, in D Dixit a 5 voci, violini, viola Violinist, pupil of Rouma, and at the Paris
;
ed organo Dixit a 5 voci, violini, viola, 2 Conservatoire of Habeneck became violin-

; ;
flauti, 2 clarini ed organo Dixit a 10 voci ist at the Tht'atre des Variotes, then at the;
in 2 cori ed orch., 1741 Dixit a 10 voci in Opera Comique, and later at the Opera.
;
2 cori, e 2 orchestre, 1743 Te Deum a 4 He left the Conservatoire in 1839, made ;
voci ed orch. ; Miserere a 8 voci in 2 cori, a concert tours in 1844-48, and in the latter
cappella Miserere a 4 voci ed organo
; year succeeded de Beriot as first professor ;
Magnificat a 4 voci, 2 violini ed organo of violin at the Brussels Conservatoire. ;
448
; :;
lEon
He married tie Cathedral of Viceuza, and was one of the
the siuger Autouin, Sitcher
Mendi in 1851, and the two made success- musicians who dedicated a collection of
ful professional tours iu France, Holland,psalms to Palestrina in 1592. Works
Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Madrigali (1588, 1505, 1598, 1G02) Mo-
Russia. ;
Kesigning Ins position iu Brussels iu 18CG, tetti a sei voci (1603) Motetti a due, tre ;
lie lived iu Paris and was mucli sought as a e quattro voci (IGOG, 1608, 2d ed. as Sacri
teacher. Works G sonatas and Le Trille Fiori, 1G09-10) Motetti a otto voci (1608)
:
;
du Diable by Tartini, harmonized from the Motetti a una, due e tre voci (1609, 1611) ;
original figured bass 5 concertos ^Yith or- Omuia psalmodia solemnitatum octo vocum
;
chestra G concert pieces for violin and (1613)

;
Prima parte dell' aurea corona ;
pianoforte Serenade for 3 violins Concert ingemmata d' armouici concerti (1615)
; ; ;
duet for 2 violins Valse caprice Fanta- INIadrigals and motets in several collec-
; ;
sias Petits morceaux caracteristiques

;
GO tious. Fctis Piiemanu Mendel Schil-
;
; ; ;
duets for violin and pianoforte on opera liug.

airs 4 duets with piauoforte (with Litolff )
;
LEONOEE. See Fulelio.
i do. with violoucello (with Servais) 5 mel- LEONORE, oil Famour conjugale, opera-
;
odies of "Waguer for violin and pianoforte 24 comique, in two acts, text by Jean Nicolas;
tudes classiques 21 etudes harmoniques

;
Bouilly, music by Gaveaux, represented at ;
,
Gymnastique du violouiste ; Petite gymnas- the Opera Comique, Paris, Feb. 19, 1798 ;
tique du jeuue Ecole Leonard Italian version, music by Ferdinando Paer,

violoniste ; ;
L'ancienne ecole italieune.

Fetis do., Sujv Dresden, Oct. 3, 1804. The text is the
;
plement, ii. 100 Mendel Riemann,

;
518. same as that of;
Beethoven's Fidelia.
LÔN DE SAINT-LUBIN. See Saint- LEONORE, overtures by Beethoven,

Lubin. written for the opera Leonore, or Fidelia.
LEONHARD, JULIUS EMIL, born at Beethoven wrote at dififerent times four
Laubau, Prussian Silesia, June 13, 1810, overtures for this opera, of which three, all
died in Dresden, June 23, 1883. Pianist, in C, are known respectively as Leonore
first instructed by his father, tlieu entirely No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, and the fourth in E,
self-taught, chiefly from the works of Al- as Fidelio. No. 1, op. 138 (posthumous),
brectsberger, while studying at the Uuiver- was written for a performance of the opera
sity of Breslau. In 1831 he went to Leip- at Prague in May, 1807, which never came
sic,where he appeared in the Gewandhaus ofi". It was rehearsed by a small orchestra
concerts, and at a later period (1845), hav- at Prince Lichnowsky's, but was pronounced
ing speut the year of 1841 in his native too light first performed from IMS. in Vien-
;
town, produced with great success several na, Feb. 7, 1828. Published by Hasliuger
of his compositions in the Gewandhaus. In (Vienna, 1832). No. 2, op. 72, written for
1852 he was appointed professor of piano- a production of the opera on Nov. 20, 1805,
forte at the Conservatorium iu Munich, aud was too difficult for the wind iustruments.
held the same position iu Dresden iu 1859- Moscheles says this is the cleverest, and
73. Works Johannes der Tiiufer,
: oratorio ;
best characterizes the subject. Published
3 chiuch cantatas for chorus aud orchestra by Breitkopf Hartel (Leipsic, 1842, 1854). ;
&
Symphony Overture to ; Oehlenschlilger's No. 3, op. 72, written for representation of
Axel und Walburg Quartet for iîauoforte Fidelio in Vienna, March 29, 1806, is a con-
;
and strings; 3 trios for do.; 2 sonatas for densed aud improved version of No. 2, but
pianoforte and violin ; Pianoforte pieces ;
was deemed too long aud too difficult for
Part-songs, and songs. Mendel. the strings. Published by Breitkopf & Hiir-
LEONI, LEONE, born about 1560, died tel (1810). No. 4, Fidelio, op. 72, in E
(?). He became maestro di cappella of the was written for the second and final revision
I
449
LE PERFIDE
of the opera, and was first jjlaj-ed, May 2G, visited England. Works Die erste Falte, :
1814. Published by Breitkopt & Hiirtel ojiera, given iu Prague, 18G7, Wiesbaden,
(18G1). Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven 1881; Pianoforte music; Songs. Fetis,
Werke, Serie 3, Nos. 2, 3, i, and 9. These Supplement, ii. 103 Grove Mendel, ; ;
four overtures were performed under Men- Ergiinz., 214 Riemann. ;
delssohn's direction at the Gewandhaus, LESLIE, HENRY (DAVID), bom in Lon-

Leipsic, Jan. 11, 1840. Various arrange- don, Juno 18, 1822,
ments have been made for pianoforte for
two, four, and eight hands, and for string
/^
'J
^,,,^^
^ still living, 1889.
studied under Charles
He
quartet and quintet. Thayer, Verzeicli- %- J^. i'J^Sr Lucas in 1838, and for
niss, G-l Marx, Beethoven, i. 310 ii. 44G
; ; ;
some years played vio-
Lenz, Beethoven, vol. ii., part 3, 140 ; Not- loncello at the Sacred
tebohm, Beethoveniana, GO ; Schindler, 127 ;
Harmonic Society and
Schumann, Gesammelte Schrifteu, ii. 147, elsewhere ; became
274. honorary secretary of
LE PERFIDE EENAUD ME FUIT. the Amateur Musical
See Armide et Renaud. Society in 1847, and
LE PREVOST, ETIENNE ALEXAN- was its conductor iu 1855-Gl. In 1855 he
DRE, bom at Treviso, Nov. 25, 1812, died formed the choir bearing his name, which
in Paris, Dec. 19, 1874. Organist, pupil in took the first prize at the international com-
Paris of Poirier-Lataille and at the school 2)etitiou of choirs in Paris in 1878 was ;
founded by Choron studied at the Conser-

; made conductor of the Herefordshire Phil-
vatoire in 1832-33 under Fctis, Hak'vy, and harmonic Society in 18G3, took charge iu
Bortou. He was organist successively of 18G4 of the National College of Music, an
the churches of Saint-Paul, Saint-Louis, institution that did not live long, and from
Saiut-!Merry, Saint-Eustache, and from 1844 1874 acted as director of the Guild of Ama-
of Saiut-Eoch. "Works Masses Ave teur Musicians. He has the reputation of
: ;
^[iiria Domino salvum fac regem Adore- being one of the most successful choir train-
; ;
mus Organ music Le rcveur oveillc, ers England has ever jiroduced. Works
; ; :
opera, Paris, 1848 Halte dans les bois, a Ida, opera, Covent Garden, 1864 Romance,
; ;
cantata Overtures, choruses, etc.

; Fctis
or Bold Dick Turpin, operetta, 1857 Im- ; ;
do.. Supplement, ii. 102 Mendel. ;manuel, oratorio, 1855 Judith, do., Bir- ;
LE RAPIDE ET LEGER NAYIRE. mingham Festival, 1858 Holj-rood, can- ;
See Jj' A fricainr. tata, 18G0 The Daughter of the Isles, do., ;
LESCHETITZKY, THEODOR, bom at 1861 Symphony for orchestra, 1847 The ; ;
Lemberg, (ialicia, Templar, dramatic overture, 1852 Te Deum ;
in 1831, still living, and Jubilate Anthems Part-songs and ; ;
1889. Pianist his songs. Grove Riemann Fetis do.. Sup-

; ; ; ;
playing attracted at- plement, ii. 105 Mendel. ;
tciiitiou iu Vienna in LES RENDEZ-VOUS DE NOBLE COM-

1845. He was for PAGNIE. See Le Pri aux Clercs.
some time professor LESSEE, FRANZ, bom at Pulawy, Po-
a t the Conserva- land, about 1780, died at Petrikov, March,
tory in St. Peters- 1839. The son of Prince Czartoryski's mu-
burg, and in 1878
he went to Vienna in 1797 to sic director,
settled in Vienna as study medicine, but became the pupil of
a private teacher. In 1880 he married his Haydn, whom he did not leave until his
l)upil, Annette Essipoflf. He has frequently death. Returning to Poland in 1810, ho
450
"; ,
LESSOR'S
when Germany, Holland, France, and Switzerland.
lived with the Czai'toryski famih', but
they became exiles, after the Kevolution of The German Hilndelgesellschaft repro-
1830, he led a life of vicissitude. He lost duced these in 1859, with additional pieces.
the place of principal of the Peti-ikov gym- Dr. Rimbault printed in his History of the
nasium in 1837, and is said to have died of Pianoforte a capriccio on the authority of
a broken heart. "Works Overture for or- : the Princess Amelia's Lesson Book. In the
chestra Concerto for pianoforte and or-
;
18th century these lessons held the same
chestra Chamber music ;
Fantasias, sona- ; place in musical literature that Beethoven's
tas, and other pieces for pianoforte Church ; sonatas do in the present. Liszt played the
nuisic Songs. Grove Sowiiiski, 3G4: Fc-
; ; ; fourth lesson in E minor at a recital in Lon-
tis ; Schilling. don with great The MSS. of many of
effect.
LESSONS, THE, for the Haii^sichord, by these compositions are in Buckingham Pal-
Handel. The
published bj' Cluer ace. Rockstro, Handel, 34G
first set, Schoslcher, ;
as " Suites
de Pieces pour le Clavecin Handel, G3.
(London, 1720), is said to have been com- LESTOCQ, ou I'intrigue et I'amour,
posed for his favourite pupil, the Princess opera in four acts, text by Scribe, music by
Anne. It contains eight suites I. in A Auber, first represented at the Opera Co- :
;
H. in F IH. in D minor IV. in E minor mique, Paris, May 24, 1831, and at Covent
; ; ;
V. in E (containing the Ilarmoiiiuiis Black- Garden, London, Feb. 21, 1835, as Lestocq,
smith) VI. in F-sharp minor VH. in G or the Fete of the Hermitage. It is Auber 's
; ;
minor VIII. in F. Printed by Walsh in weakest opera. Published by Schott (Mainz,

;
1733, with a second set containing I. 1837). Allgem. mus. Zeitung (37), 180; :
Suite in B-ilat H. Chaconue (18 variations) N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (2), 82, 181, 193.
;
in G IH. and TV. Suites in D minor V.

; LESUEUR, JEAN FRANCOIS, born at ;
Suite in E minor VI. Suite in G minor Drucat - P 1 e s s i e 1

;
VII. Suite in B-flat VIII. Suite in G IX. near Abbeville ; ;
Chaconne ((52 variations) in G. This was ( S o m e ) France, m ,
followed by a set of Six Fugues or Volun- Feb. 15, 1760, died

tarys for the Organ or Harpsichord, op. 3, in Paris,Oct. 6, 1837.
which are among Handel's best composi- The grand-nephew
tions for keyed instruments I. Fuga, in G of Eustache Lesu- :
minor H. in G HI. in B-flat IV. in B eur the

; ;
painter, ;
minor V. in A minor VI. in C minor.

; ; he was admitted, at
Arnold reprinted Walsh's first and second the age of seven, to
sets under the title of Lessons for the Harp- the maitrise school
sichord (London, 1793), and added a third at Abbeville, and a
set I. Suite in D minor II. Suite in G
: ; few months later became a choir-boy at
minor (both composed for the Princess the cathedral at Amiens, where for seven
Louisa) HI. Lesson in A minor IV. Ca-
; ; years he pursued almost all his practical
priccio in G minor V. Fantasia in C VI. ; ; musical studies. At fourteen he entered
Chaconne in F. He also published a fourth the College of Amiens to study rhetoric
volume, containing the Six Fugues or Volun- and philosophy, but did not complete the
tarys. After Handel's death Walsh pub- course, the post of master of music at
lished a hybrid work entitled A Collection the cathedral at Seez being offered him in
of Lessons for the Harpsichord by Mi: Han- 1779. This post he quitted six months
del, the fourth book of which contained un- later for that of submaster at the Church
authorized arrangements of short move- of the Saints-Innocents, Paris, where he got
ments. Other editions were published in some notion of harmony from the Abbo
451
:
LESUEUE
Itoze,but all the musical knowledge he ac- his opera La caverne was brought out at the
quired later was due to his own observa- Opera Comique in 1792 with much success,
tion and studying the scores of great mas- to be followed in 1794: by Paid et Virgiuie,
ters. In 1781 he accejited the post of and at last by Telcmaque. The success of La
master of music at the cathedral at Dijon, caverne procured him the ^jost of professor
and in 1783 a similar position at Mans, in the Ecole de la Garde Nationale, the
which he soon left to undertake the direc- duties of which he entered upon Nov. 21,
tion of the choir at Saint-Martin at Tours. 1793 he was also appointed one of the in-
;
In 1784 he visited Paris to have some of his spectors of instruction at the Conservatoire
compositions brought out at the Concerts fi'om its foundation in 1795. He co-op-
Spirituels, and was advised by Sacchini, erated with Mi'hul, Lauglc, Gossec, and
then in Paris, to write for the stage. On Catel in editing the Principes elementaires
the recommendation of Gossec, Grutry, and de musique and the Solfeges used at that
Pliilidor, ho obtained the maitrise of the school but he was not destined to remain
;
Saints-Innocents, and in 178G he succeeded at jieace with his colleagues. His two
in the competitive examination for the operas, Les bardes and La mort d'Adam,
post of master of music at the Cathedral which had been accejited by the Opera,
of Paris. According to the regulations of were set aside in favour of Catel's Semiramis,
the office,he had to assume the clerical and an explosive pamj'hlet of his brought
dress, and was known henceforth as I'abbi' about a rupture between himself and Sar-
Lesueur, but he never took orders. He ob- rette, tlie head of the Conservatoire and
tained permission of the Archbishop of Paris, Catel's patron. The quarrel ended in Le-
and of the chapter of Notre Dame, to intro- sueur's deposition from office at the Conser-
duce a full orchestra into the cathedral, and vatoire in 1802. Abject poverty now stared
during the years 178G and 1787 the church him in the face, but in March, 1804, he was
was crowded by people who came to hear ajipointed maitre de chapelle to Napoleon
Lesueur's motets. The brilliancy of these on recommendation of Paisiello. He took
musical services laid him open to attacks advantage of this much envied position to
from conservative ecclesiastical quarters, to have his Les bardes brought out at the
which he replied in two pamphlets " Essai : Opera in July, 1804. Its success was over-
de musique sacroe, ou musique motivee ct whelming, the Emperor presenting hiiu
mi'thodique, pour la fete de Noel, ;\ la with a gold snufT-box with the inscription
messe du jour" (Paris, Herissaut, 1787), "L'Empereur des Franjais i I'auteur des
and " Expose d'une musique line, imitative, Bardes." In 1809 La niort d'Adam was
et particuliore a chaque solenuitc, oil Ton produced, but without success. In 1814,
doune des principles gi'uuraux sur les- after the restoration, he was made superin-
quelles ou I'etablit, et le plan d'uue mu- tendent and composer to the Royal Chapel,
sique propre a la fute de Noel" (ib., 1787). which post he held until the Revolution of
About the same time his opera Ti'h'maque -July, 1830. In 1813 he succeeded Gretry
was received by the Acadumie Royale de (deceased) at the Institut de France, and in
Musique (Opera), but was not given. His 1817 he was appointed pi-ofessor of compo-
position at Notre Dame continued to be the sition at the Conservatoire, which office he
source of many troublesome quarrels and held until his death. He was especially
of libellous anonymous pamphlets, and in noted as a teacher twelve of his pupils ;
1788 he retired to the country-seat of M. won the prix de Rome, viz. Bourgeois, :
Boehard de Champagny, where he passed Ermel, Paris, Guiraud, Berlioz, Eugene

four years in composition. At the death of Prevost, Anibroise Thomas, Ehvart, Ernest
Lis benefactor he returned to Paris, where Boulanger, Besozzi, Xavier Boisselot, and
LET
Gounod. He died full of bouours. His fa- (ib., Beauvais) 2 Psalms (ib., Lemoine)
; ;
vourite theme was ancient Greek music, and Super tlumina Babylonis and 3d Oratorio
he wrote a good deal on the subject iu a du Careme (ib., Frey) 3d /J /^ ;
rather loose way, for he had quite a talent for Messe solennelle (ib., id.) -jL e/ut ;
getting facts wrong. As a composer he was Messe basse, and IMotet,

noted for a certain grand simplicity of style, Joannes (ib., Lemoine) ;
which even iu his own day had rather an 3 Odes of Anacreou (ib., Janet et Cotelle) ;
antiquated flavour, yet his power of pro- C do. (ib., id.). Raoul-Rochette, Notice his-
ducing striking effects by the simplest of torique sur la vie et les ouvrages de M.
means was undeniably great. Lesueur, Paris ; Stephen de la Madelaine,
Works I. Operas La mverne, Theatre
: : Biographic de Jean-Franyois Le Sueui-,
Feydeau, Feb. 15, 1793 (in full score, Paris, Paris, 1841 ; Fetis Berlioz, Memoires,
;
Naderman) J'anl et Virginie, ou le triomphe

; chaps, vi., xiii., xx.
de la vertu, ib., Jan. 13, 1791 (score, ib.); LET OTHERS SING. See The Puri-
Telemaque dans I'ile de Calypso, ou le tri- tans Daughter.
omphe de la sagesse, ib.. May 11, 179G LET THE BRIGHT SERAPHIM, so-
(score, ib.) O^dan, ou les bardes. Opera,
; l^rano aria in D
an Israelitish
major, of
July 10, 1804 (score, Paris, Janet) L'inau- ; woman, with accompaniment of trumpet,
guration du Temple de la Victoire (with violins in unison, viola, and continuo, in
Persuis), ib., 2, Le triomphe de Handel's Samson, Act IH., Scene 3.
Jan. 1807 ;
Trajan (with do.), ib., Oct. 23, 1807 La LET THE LOUD TIMBREL. See The ;
mort d'Adam, ib., March 17, 1809 (score I'ltrilait's Daughter.

published, Paris) ; Tj'rtce, received at the LE TROUBLE ET LA FRAYEUR. See
Opera in 1791, but not given ; Artaxerce, Le Domino noir.
received at the Ojjura in 1801, but not LETZTE ABENCERAGE, DER. See
given Alexandre a Babyloue, received iu
; Les Abi'nri'ragi's.
1823, but not given. LETZTEN DINGE, DIE (The Last

n. Sacred music L'ombre de Sacchini, : Things, commonly called The Last Judg-
cantata, Concert Spirituel, December, 1780 ;
ment), oratorio, in two jârts, text by Rocli-
Chant des bardes en I'honneur de la paix litz,music bj^ Spolir, first performed in the
et des heros franyais, Opera, April 11, 1802 ;
Lutheran church, Cassel, on Good Friday,
Messe, ou Orcdorio de Noel (Paris, A. Petit, 182G, and also at the Rhenish Festival in
1826) Messe solennelle, for 4 voices, cho-
; Diisseldorf in that year. At the first per-
rus, and orchestra (ib., published by the formance Spohr's two daughters and INIessrs.
author, 1827) Deborah, oratorio (ib., id., Wild, Albert, and Foppel sang the soli.
;
1828) 3 Te Deum (ib., id., 1829)

; 3 Mo- Malibran calls this oratorio a musical por-
;
tets, called Oratorios pour le carcme (ib., trait of Michael Angelo's Last Judgment.
id., 1829-33) 2d Messe solennelle (ib., It was given at the Norwich (England) Fes-
;
id., 1831) Marehe du couronnement de tival, in 1830 by the Handel and Haydu
; ;
I'Empereur, for grand oreh. (only piano- Society, Boston, March 20, 1842. Spohr
forte score published) ]\Iusic for the fete wrote an oratorio on the same subject, Das
;
of Vendemiaire I., year IX., given by 4 or- jiingste Gericht, in 1812, but abandoned it
chestras at the Livalides (MS.) 2 Ora- after two performances.
;
Spohr, Autobiog-
torios de la Passion (Paris, Frey) Eachel, raphy, ii. 159 Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (30), G53
; ; ;
oratorio (ib., id.) liufh et Noemi, do. (ib., Chorley, Modern German Music, ii. 93 Up-
; ;
id.); Buth et Booz, do. (ib., id.) 1st, 2d, and ton, Standard Oratorios, 283 Grove, ii. 554.
; ;
3d Oratorios for the coronation of sovereign LEVfiQUE (L'Eveque), JOHANN WIL-

princes (ib., id.) Sacred cantata and motet HELM, born iu Cologne in 1759, died in
;
LEVEPJDGE
Hanover Violinist studied music 187G professor in the New Brunswick Con-
in 1810. ;
in Paris while preparing to take orders, servatory of Music, and iu 1878 professor
gave up theology for his art, and secretly in the Illinois Conservatory of Music, Jack-
left his father's house to undertake concert sonville. In 1880-84 he resided in Chicago,
tours in France and Germany. He was and after a short visit to Europe became
made Couzertmeister 1885 professor in the Conservatory of
to the Prince of Oet- in
tingen-Wallerstein, then to the Prince of Music, New York. Works, all for piano-
Nassau -Weilburg, several years later to the forte Meditation, op. 12 Melody in D-Hat,
: ;
Prince-BishoiJ of Passau, and finiJIy at the op. 13 Valse Noble, op. li Dance of the ; ;
court of Hanover. Works Concertos, Fairies, op. 15.

:
quartets, trios, duos, and solos for violin. LEVEY, WILLIAM CHARLES, born in
Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Dublin, Ireland, April 25, 1837, still living,
LEVERIDGE, RICHARD, born in Eng- 1889. Pianist, pupil of his father, who was
land iu 1G70, died orchestra leader at the Theatre Royal iu
.îî
inLondon, March Dublin, and later, iu Paris, of Auber, Thal-
22, 1758. Dramatic berg, and Prudent. In 18G2 he returned
singei", noted for his to London, and was conductor successively
Lass voice, which in of Covent Garden, Drury Lane, Ha_^^narket,
17:50, when ho was Adelphi, and Princess's Theatres, London.
sixty, was still so
Works Operas and operettas Fanchette, :
unimpaired that he Covent Garden, 1802 Claude (MS.) Naza- ; ;
offered a wager of a rille (JNIS., in French) Punchinello Fash- ; ;
hundred guineas to ion Wanted a Parlour Maid Music for

; ;
sing a bass song witli any man in England. Amy Robsart, Rebecca, King o' Scots, and
He was engaged at the Drury Lane Theatre Lady of the Lake 7 Drury Lane panto- ;
in 1705-7, then at the Queen's Theatre mimes The IMan of War, cantata for or-
;
until 1712, afterwhich he sang at Lincoln's chestra, chorus, and military band Irish ;
Inn Fields and Covent Garden for nearly overtui'e for orchestra Pianoforte music ;
thirty years. Works Music for the Isl-

: and songs.
and Princess, or the Generous Portuguese, LE VOILA, LE ROI PROPHSTE. See
1G09 do. for Pyramus and Thisbe, a comic
; Prophilc.
masque, compiled by him from " A]\Iidsum- LE VOILA ! QUE IMON AME. See
mcr Night's Dream," 171G. In 1727 ho Zampa.
published a collection of his songs, with LEWANDOWSKI, LOUIS (LA7ARUS),
music, in two small 8vo volumes and many ; Wreschcn, Posen, April 3, 1823,
born at
other songs were published singh-. still living, 1889. Pianist and composer ;
LEVETT, DAVID MAURICE, born, of went to Berlin at the age of twelve to study
English parentage, iu New York, Jan. 1, pianoforte and singing, and became soprano
184-1, still li\'ing, 1889. Pianist, pupil at solo singer in the Hebrew temple. He was
the Leipsic Conservatorium on the piano- for several years pupil of ]\Iarx in theory,
forte of Moscheles, Plaidj', Reinecke, Paul, and later, at the Academy of Arts, of Rung-
and Papperitz, and in theory under E. F. enhagen, iV. W. Bach, and Grell in compo-
Richter, Paul, and Papperitz tlu^n in Ber- ; sition and counterpoint. His works ob-
lin on the pianoforte of Carl Tausig, and tained first prizes, and were publicly per-
in Paris of Louis Lieb, Asger Hamerick, formed there with great success. In 1840
and Sveudsen. In 1871 (?) he went to he was appointed choirmaster at the syna-
America, iu 1875 was director of music at gogue in Berlin, iu 18GG court music di-
St. Mary's Hall, Burlington, New Jersey, in rector, and choirmaster at the new syua-
: ;;
LEYBACH
gogue. He is one of the principal founders the convent retired to Ratisbon. Works
of theOkl Men's Home for poor musicians. Masses, antiphons, and other church mu-
Works Kol Riunah u' T' filla, for chorus
: ;
sic ; Concertos for violin. Fetis
Mendel. ;
Toda W
simrah, for mixed chorus, solo, LIBERTA CONTENTA, LA, Italian op-
and organ 40 psalms for do.; Symphonies;
;
era ; text by Mauro, music by StefiPani, first
Overtures Cantatas Songs. Mendel.
; ; represented in Hamburg in 1G93. It sur-
LEYBACH, IGNACE, born at Gambs- passes the composer's previous operas, and
Leini, Alsace, July 17, 1817, still living, contains fine counterpoint, difficult arias,
1880. Pianist, pupil in Strasburg of Hcer- and dramatic recitatives. Grove, iii. 696.
tcr and AVackenthaler, and in Paris of LIBERTY DUET. See I Puritain:
Pixis,Kalkbreuner, and Chopin. He was LIBIAMO, LIBIAMO. See La Traviata.
appointed organist in Toulouse in 184.4, LIBON, PHILIPPE, born, of French

and settled later in Paris. Char- parents, at Cadiz, Spain, Aug. 17, 1775, died
Works :
acteristic pieces, fantasias on operatic in Paris, Feb. 5, 1838. Violinist studied ;
themes, transcriptions, and nocturnes for in his native town until he was fourteen,
pianoforte Pieces for pianoforte and har- when his father sent him to London, where
;
monium Vocal melodies and motets Har- he became a pupil of Viotti on the violin
; ;
monium method Concert pieces for har- and of Cimador in composition. Returning
;
monium L'organiste pratique. Fetis, Sup- to Cadiz in 1790, he played in a court

;
plement, ii. 108 Kiemann Mendel. ;

concert in Lisbon, and became solo violin
;
LIBANI, GIUSEPPE, born in Italy in to the Crown Prince of Portugal. In 1798

1842, died in Home, May 4, 1880. Dra- he went to Madrid, where he became a
matic composer, whose last opera, Sai-da- member of the king's chamber music, and
napalo, was successfully given when he was in 1800 to Paris, where in 1804 the Em-
on his death-bed. Works Operas : Gul- press Josephine appointed him to her pri-
nara, given in Rome, private theatre of the vate chapel, and the Empress Marie Louise
Palazzo Pamphili, 18G9, Florence, Teatro in 1810 made him her accompanist. After
Pagliauo, 1870 ; H
conte Verde, Eome, Te- the restoration he retained his position in
atro Apollo, 1873 Sardanapalo, ib., April the private orchestra of the king.
;
Works
29, 1880. Eetis, Supplement, ii. 109. 6 concertos for violin Airs varies for vio- ;
LIBEK, ANTON and orchestra 2 collections of airs va-

JOSEF, born at Sulz- lin ;
bach, near llatisbon, in 1732, died at Ratis- ries for violin and string quartet or piano-
bon in 1809. Instrumental composer, pupil forte 6 trios for 2 violins and violoncello ;
of Josef Riepel on the violin and in compo- 3 crauds duos concertants for 2 violins
sition. After having comjjleted his studies Caprices and other pieces for violin solo.
he was made Conzertmeister and composer Fotis Mendel. ;
to the Prince of Thurn und Taxis, first at LICHNER, HEINRICH, born at Har-
DonauwOrth, then in Ratisbon. Works persdorf, near Goldberg, Silesia, March 6,
:
Symphonies Concertos ; Masses. Fctis ;

1829, still living, 1889. Pupil of Karow,
;
Mendel. Dehn, Mosewius, and Hesse became can- ;
LIBER, WOLFGANG, born at Donau- tor, organist, and director of the Sanger-
wOrth, Oct. 31, 1758, died at Ratisbon after bund in Breslau. Works Overtures Sym-
: ;
1817. Violinist, sou and pupil of Anton phonies ; String quartet ; Songs ; Choruses
Josef Liber. At the age of eight years he for male voices Many pianoforte pieces. ;
appeared in concerts, then studied organ Fotis, Supplement, ii. 109 Mendel. ;
and composition at Ratisbon entered the LICHTENSTEIN, German opera in three

;
Order of the Benedictines in the Abbey of acts, text by Dingelstedt, after Hauff's ro-
Michelfeld, and after the suppression of mance, music by Lindpaiutuer, first repre-
;
LICUTENSTEIN
seuted iu Stuttgart, Aug. 26, 1846. It is and Vigano), ib., 1821 Didone (do.), ib.,
;
one of the comisosers best operas. Piib- 1821. Quartet for pianoforte and strings,
lislieJ by Scbuberth (Hamburg and Leipsic, op. 4 ; 2 trios for do. Pianoforte music.;
1847). Allgein. mus. Zeituug, 1. 92 ; Neue Noteworthy among works ax'e

bis literary :
Zeits., xxvii. 133, 145, 157. Cenni biogralici intorno al celebre maestro
LICHTENSTEIN, IvARL AUGUST, W. A. Mozart (Milan, 1814) Mozart e le ;
Freiherr VON, born at Labiu, Franconia, sue creazioni (ib., 1842) and especially ;
Sept. 8, 17G7, died iu Berbn, Sept. 10, Dizionario c bibliografia della musica (ib.,
1845. Viobnist and dramatic composer 1826). Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 110
; ;
\vbilestudying at tbe University of GOt- Jiidiseber Plutarch (Vienna, 1848), ii. 159 ;
tiugen be appeared as viobnist in Forkel's Wurzbach.

concerts entered tbe service of tbe Elector
; LICKL, .EGIDIUS CARL, born in Vi-
of Hanover, and in 171)8 went to Dessau as enna, Sept. 1, 1803, died iu Trieste, July
cbamberlain, and director of tbe duke's the- 22, 18G4. Virtuoso on tbe pianoforte and
atre. After giving performances witb bis the guitar, sou and pupil of Johann Georg
dramatic company in Leipsic in 1800, lie Lickl. He settled at Trieste about 1830,
became director of tbe Court Opera in Vi- and devoted himself to teaching and com-
enna. He was engaged several years in position. Works Ettore Fieramosca, os- :
diplomatic service, but in 1811 took cbarge sia la disfida di Berletta, comic opera, given
of tbe tbeatre in Bamberg, in 1823 became iu Trieste (1848) and Vienna Church, con- ;
chamber music. Fetis Mendel

director of tbe Eoyal Theatre in Berlin, and cert, and ; ;
in 1825 of tbe opera retired on a pension Wurzbach.

;
in 1832. Works Operas Knall und Fall, LICKL, CARL GEORG, boru iu Vienna,
:
given at Bamberg, 1795 Batbmendi, Des- Oct. 28, 1801, died there, Aug. 3, 1877.
;
sau, 1798 Die stcinerne Braut, ib., 1799

; Pianist and virtuoso on the physbarmonica, ;
Eude gut, Alles gut, ib., 1800 Mitgefiibl, son and jjupil of Johann Georg Lickl. He
;
ib., 1800 Die Waldburg, Bamberg, 1811

; introduced tbe physhanuouica iu Gennany, ;
Andreas Hofer, Berlin, 1831 Singetbee and was tbe founder of a literature for this
;
und Liedertafel, 1823 Zur guten Stunde, iustrumeut. Works Polyhymnia, a suite
; :
1823 Die deutscben Herren von Nuruberg, of pieces for pianoforte and j^bysbarmonica,
;
1834 Triibsale eines Hofbanquiers, 1838 or flute Les quatre saisons de Tannee, mu-
; ; ;

JIany vaudevilles. Allgem. d. Biogr., xviii. sical poem for pianoforte Chamber music ; ;
553 ; Gerber Ledebur, Tonkiinst. Lex. Morceaus de genre, for pianoforte or phys-
;
Berbns Mendel Fotis Schilling.

; ; barmonica.
; Fetis Mendel Wurzbach. ; ;
LICHTENTHAL, PETER, born at Pres- LICKL, JOH.INN GEORG, born at

burg, Hungary, Mny 10, 1780, died at Mil- Koruneuburg, Lower Austria, April 11,
an, Aug. IS, 1853. Dramatic composer 1769, died at Fiiufkirchen, May 12, 1843.
and writer on music, instructed on tbe vio- Organist and dramatic and church com-
lin, pianoforte, and iu thorough-bass in bis jjoser, pupil in bis native towu of the choir-
native city having studied medicine in Vi- master Sebastian Witzig on the pianoforte,
;
cuna in 1799-1808 and practised in the tbe organ, the string instruments, and in
hospitals there until 1810, be settled in singing aud composition. In his fourteenth
Milan, where he devoted himself to literary year he was able to fill the place of organ-
pursuits and music. Works 3 operas, ist at Kornneuburg went later to Vienna,
: ;
given at Milan, Teatro della Scala. Ballets where he was much sought as a teacher : ;
n conte d' Essex, ib., 1818 Cimene, Ales- was appointed in 1805 choirmaster in the
;
sandro nell' Indie, Le Sabine iu Koma, ib., principal church of Fiiufkirchen, Hungary.
1820 Giovanna d' Arco (with Brambilla Works OjJeras
; Der Zauberpfeil Der ; ;
456
,
LIDL
Bi'iuler von Krakan ; Der vermeiute Hexen- 14, 1802, died in Quedlinburg, June 27,
meister, given iu Vienna, Scbikaueiler's The- 1843. Organist and pianist, pujiil in 1821-
ater, 1785 Astarotb, der Verfiiluer, ib., 22 of Hummel at Weimar on the piano-
;
1790 Der Brigitta-Kircbtag, ib., 179G forte, the organ, and in composition after-
; ; ;
Der Durcbmarscb, ib., 1800 Faust's Leben, wards organist at the Church of St. Bene-
;
Thaten uud HOllenfabrt, ib., 1815 Der Or- dict at Quedlinburg. Works Die Pfade ; :
gelspieler, ib., 1825. Masses, psalms, mo- zur Gottheit, oratorio, given at Stockholm,
tets, autijjbons, hymns, ami other church 1837 Die Keue des Petrus, do., Quedlin- ;
music 3 quartets and 3 trios for strings

; burg La fute de la musique, cantata 2 ; ; ;
3 quartets 'with flute and oboe Quartet for psalms with orchestra Motets Quintet for
; ; ;
pianoforte with flute and strings 3 sonatas pianoforte, 2 flutes, 2 violins, and violoncello
;
for pianoforte and strings Pianoforte music. ad libitum

;
Quartets for pianoforte and ;
Fetis Mendel Schilling Wurzbach.

; ; strings Sonatas, variations, and other pieces
; ;
LIDL, ANTON, born iu Vienna in 1740, for pianoforte Songs. Fctis Mendel. ; ;
died in 1780 (?). Virtuoso on the barvton LIEBE AUF DEM LANDE, DIE, (Love
(violoneelle d'amour), which instrument he in the Country), German Singsjjiel in three
improved considerably. He plaj'ed with act.s, text by Christian Friediich Weisse,
much success in his country and in Berlin, music by Joliann Adam Hiller, first per-
wliere he appeared in 1784. Works 7 formed in Leipsic, 1768. Same title, opera :
worlcs of quintets, quartets, and duos for by Eiotte, Vienna, 1838.

violin, flute, and violoncello, each containing LIEBE, (EDUARD) LUDWIG, born at
G pieces Andante with variations and other Magdeburg, Nov. 19, 1819, still living, 1889.
;
pieces for pianoforte Music for violon- Pianist and instrumental and vocal com-
;
cello.
Fctis Mendel Wurzbach Gerber
; ; poser, pujiil of Carl Schwarz, August Miihl-
; ;
Schilling. ing, and Wachsmann later, in Cassel, of ;
LIDON, JOSE, born at Bejar, Salamanca, Spohr in composition and Baldewein iu

Spain, in 1752, died in Madrid, Feb. 11, counterpoint. He became music director at
1827. Organist, church composer, and di- Cobleutz in 1844, at Worms in 184G, lived
dactic writer, pupil of the choristers' school at Strasburg in 1850-50, teaching music,
in Madrid, and at the age of sixteen organ- and settled finally in London. Works |
:
ist at the Cathedral of ^Malaga later he was Die Braut von Azola, opera, given in Carls-
;
organist at the royal chapel iu jMadrid, and ruhe, 1868 Johannes, oratorio Sympho- ; ;
from 1808 its maestro de capilla. Among nies Overtures Masses Psalms Cho- ; ; ; ;
his pupils were his two nejihews, Andres ruses for men's voices Ballads for bass ;
Lidon, organist at the Cathedral of Cordova, voice Pianoforte music Songs. His ; ;
and Alfonso Lidon, organist at the royal daughter, Therese Liebe (born at Worms,
chapel in Madrid. Works: Glaucay Corio- in 1848), an excellent violinist, obtained con-
lano, lyricdrama, given in Madrid, Teatro siderable success at a very tender age, and
del Princijje Te Deum Salve Kegina
; on her concert tours, which she undertook
; ;
Ave maris Stella 4 masses 2 Miserere 3 with her father, after 1800. Fetis Men-
; ; ;
;
hymns 32 lamentations Litanies

; Mo- del Riemann. ; ; ;
tets ;Psalms and other church music So- LIEBESFRUHLING (Love's Spring- ;
natas and fugues for organ Treatise on time), twelve poems from F. Riickert's Lie-
;
organ-accompaniment Do. on fugue, and besfriihling, for voices with pianoforte, by

;

on modulation. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 110 Robert and Clara Schumann, op. 37 and 12, ;
Mendel. composed iu 1840. Part I. 1. Der Himmel

LIEBAU, FRIEDRICH WILHEL:\I, hat eine Thriine geweint (in A-flat) 2. Er ;
born at Wickerode, Prussian Saxony, Nov. ist gekonmieu iu Sturm uud Regen (iu P
;
LIEBESLIEDER
minor) ; 3. O ilir Herren, o ilii- wertbeu (iu LIEBESVERBOT, DAS, comic opera in
A-flat) ; 4. Liebst du um
and music by Wagner, first
ScUunbeit (iu two acts, text
D-flat) 5. Icb bab' in micb gesogeu (iu F)

;
represented at Magdeburg, Marcb 29, 183G, ;
G. Liebste, was kauu clenu uus scbeideu, as Die Novize von Palermo. Tbe libretto,
two voices (in A-flat) 7. ScbOn ist das Fest wbicb is founded on Sbakespeare's " Meas-
;
des Lenzes, soprano and tenor (iu A-flat). ure for Measure," was wiitten iu tbe sum-
Part II. 8. Fliigel! Fbigel nm zu fliegen mer of 1834, and tbe score was finisbed in
!
(iu B, G minor, and F-sbarp minor) 9. tbe winter of 183G. Tbe autograph was ;
Rose, Meer und Soune sind ein Bild (iu B) owned by Ludwig II., King of Bavaria. ;
10. O Soun", o Meer, o Eose (iu B) 11. Tbe Caruevalslied from this opera was ;
'Warum willst du Aud're fragcn ? (in A-flat) printed in Lcwald's " Europa " (1837, re-
12. So wabr die Sonne sebeinet, soprano, printed at Brunswick, 1885). "Wagner, Ge-
;

tenor or baritone (in E-flat). Nos. 2, 4, sammelte Scbriften, i. 25 Glaseuapp, Ricb- ;
and 11 are by Clara Scbumann, op. 12. ard Wagner's Leben und Wirken, i. G2.
Publisbed by Breitkopf & Hi'irtel (Leij)sic, LIEBICH, GOTTFRIED Sn<]GI\IUND,
1841). born at Frankenberg, Saxony, July 22,
LIEBESLIEDEll W.U^ZER (Songs of 1G72, died at Scbleiz, Saxony, June 1, 1727.
Love), for four voices witb pianoforte ac- Cburcb composer, pupil of bis fatlier, tbe
couijjauimeut for four bands, text from tbe cantor at Frankenberg. He cultivated nui-
"Polydora" of Daumer, music by Brabnis, sic during bis stay at tbe college of Bau-
op. 52. In Liindler tempo. I. Rede Miid- tzen and tbe Universitj' of Jena, and finally
cbcn, allzu liebes U. Am Gesteine rauscbt gave up bis study of medicine to devote
;
die Fbitb III. O die Frauen

; IV. Wie des himself to it. He went to Dresden, where ;
Abends sebime Rutbe Y. Die griiue Ho^)- bis tine tenor voice obtained for him em-
;
feurauke ; VI. Ein Kleiner kiib'scber Vogel ployment as a singer iu churches, and in
nabm den Flug VU. Wolil scbOn bewandt 1G95 be was appointed secretary and Ka-
;
war OS VIII. Wenu

;
so liiid dein Auge mir pelldirektor to tbe Count von Reuss, at
IX. Am Douaustrande X. O wie sauft die Scbleiz. Works Yearbook of motets on
; :
(Quelle XI. Nein es ist nicbt auszukommeu

;
the Gospels, for voice, 2 violins, 2 violas, ;
Xn. Sclilosser, auf und macbe Scblosser and bass do., for 4 voices and various iu- ; ;
Xm. Vuglein durcbrauscbt die Luft XIV'. stniments. Fetis Gerber Mendel Schil- ;
; ; ;
Sieb' -wie ist die "Welle klar XV. Nacbtigall ling. ;
sie singt so scliOn XVI. Ein dunkler LIEBLING, EJIIL, born, of German and
;
Scbacbt ist Liebe XVII. Nicbt wandle, ; ..^^^ Russian parentage,

- -'-
meiu Licbt XVIII. Es bebet das Ge-
;
'
in Plcss, Silesia,
strailclie. Publisbed by Simrock (Berlin, April 12, 1851, still
between 18G8 and 1873); iu Frencb, trans- living, 1889. Pia-

lated by Victor Wilder, Brandus & Cie nist, pupil in Berlin
(Paris, 1880). Arranged for pianoforte, for of Ehrlich and Kul-
two and four bands for tbe pianoforte, ; lak, and Vienna
in
violin, and flute ; and for tbe pianoforte, of Dachs, and in
violin, and violoncello. Walzcr for tbe pi- composition of
anoforte, for four bands, after tbe Liebeslie- Heinrich Dorn in
dern, by Brabms, op. 5'2a. Berlin. In 1SG7 bo
LIEBESNACHT FANTASIE, Pbantasie- went to America,
by Pbilipp Scbarwenka, and until 1871 taught music in a seminary
stiick for orcbestra,
op. 40, publisbed by Praegcr & ]\Ieier (Bre- in Kentucky. In 1874 he revisited Europe
men, 1882). Mus. Wocbeublatt (1882), 2GG. and spent the summer of 187G with Liszt
LIEBSTEK
at Weimar ; then returned to Cliicago, I. In der Fremde : Aus der Heimath liin-
where he still resides as a teacher of the ter den Blitzen (in F-sharp minor) ; H.
piauoforte. He has frequently played in Intermezzo : Dein Bildniss wunderselig (in
New York, Chicago, and other cities, and A) in. Waldesgespriich Es ist schou
; :
has made concert tours with Wilhelmj, Miss split, est ist schon kalt (in E) IV. Die ;
Kellogg, Miss Gary, and others. Works: Stille : Es weiss und riith es doeli Keiner
Meteor Galop, Album-Blatt, Feu-Follet, (in G) ; V. Mondnacht Es : war, als hiltt' der
Florence, valse de concert. Gavotte moderue, Himmel (in E) ; VI. SchOne Fremde : Es
for pianoforte ; Adieu, song, etc. rauschen die Wipfel und schauern (in B) ;
LIEBSTEK JESU, MEIN VERLANG- Vn. Auf einer Burg Eingeschlafen auf der :
EN, soj)rauo aria in E minor, with accom- Lauer (in A minor) VIII. In der Fremde ; :
paniment of oboe, strings complete, and Ich hor die Biichlein r.ûscheu (in A minor) ;
continue, in Johaun Sebastian Bach's can- IX. Wehmuth Ich kann wohl manchmal :
tata ("Dialogus ") for Dom. I. post Epipli., singen (in E); X. Zwielicht: Dilmm'rung will
of the same title (Bachgescllschaft, No. 32). die Fliigel spreiten (in E minor) XL Im ;
Published separately, edited by Robert Walde Es zog eine Hochzeit den Berg ent- :
Franz, Leipsic, Whistling. lang (in A) XII. Friihlingsnacht Ueber'm ; :
LIED DER GLOCKE, DAS (Lay of the Garten durch die Liifte (in F-sharp). Pub-
Bell), cantata for orchestra, soli, aud chorus, lished by C. Haslinger (Vienna, 1842),
by Max Bruch, after Schiller's poem, first F. Whistling (Leipsic, 1842), and Gustav
performed in Cologne under the composer's Heinze (Leipsic, 1842). Also in Peters's
direction. May 12, 1878. It was sung at Schumann-Album with op. 42 and 48.
the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. Beethoven seems to have been the first to
2G, 1879, Bruch conducting, by Mme Tre- use this term. See An die feme Gelioljte.
belli, Mme Lemmens-Sherringfon, Mr.
Reissmann, Schumann, 81, 90 AUgem. ;
Vernon Rigby, and Mr. Henschel. Given Mus. Zeitung (44), 33, 58.
at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Nov. G, 1879. LIEDER OHNE WORTE (Songs with-
Athenffium (1879), ii. 251. out Words), name given by Mendelssohn
LIEDERKREIS (Cyclus of Songs), 9 to short pieces for the pianoforte. The title
songs for voice with pianoforte, appears in a letter of Fanny Mendels-
liy Robert first
Schumann, op. 21, from the Liederkreis of sohn's, Dec. 8, 1828. They were first called
Heine, composed in 1810, and dedicated to lustrumentallieder fiir Clavier, and the
Pauline Garcia. I. Morgeus steh' ich avif autograjDh of the first book, owned by Paul
und frage (in D) II. Es treibt micli bin, Mendelssohn, bears the words, " Six Songs
;
es treibt mich her (in B minor) IH. Ich for the Pianoforte alone." The first book,
;
wandclte unter den Baiimen (in B) IV. op. 19, was published by Novello, under the
;
Lieb' Liebchen, leg's Hiindchen auf's Herze title of " Original Melodies for the Piano-
mein (in E minor) V. Sehijne Wiege meiner forte " (Loudon, 1832)
; by Simrock as ;
Leiden (in E) VI. Warte, warte, wilder " Sechs Lieder ohne Worte," etc., op. 19
;
Schiffraann (in E) VH. Berg' und Burgen (Berlin, 1832). There are eight books in all,
;
schau'n herunter (in A) VIH. Anfangs six numbers each the seventh and eighth
; ;
wollt' ich fast verzageu (in D minor) IX. books are posthumous. In some editions all
;
Mit Myrthen und Rosen, lieblich und hold the songs have titles, but only the following
(in D). Published by Breitkopf & Hilrtel are authentic Venetianisches Gondellied, :
(Leipsic, 1840). Bk. I, No.

6, Bk. V., No. 5 6, Bk. IL, No. ;
LIEDERKREIS, songs with piano- Duetto, Bk. IIL, No. 6 Volkslied, Bk.IV.,
12 ;
forte, from the Liederkreis of J. von No. 5 Friihlingslied, Bk. V., No. G. The ;
Eichendorff, music by Schumann, op. 39. one in C, Bk. VI., No. 4, generally known
;
LIFE
as The Spinning Song, was called by Men- studied music in the seniinai-y and the
delssohn Die Bienenhochzeit, but this title choir of the Cathedral of Avignon became ;
was never iûbUshed. Bieitkopf A: Hiirtel, organist at Alais in 17G9. Works Operas :
Mendelssohn Werke, Series 11, No. 75-82. L'argent fait tout, Pari.s, about 1780 Les ;
Lied ohne Worte for violoncello and piano- deux aveugles de FranconvUle, ib., 1780 ;
forte (in D), op. 108 (Posthumous work,

;
Armide (MS.) Samson, do. Te Deum
; ; ;
38) and Albuinl)hitt for pianoforte (in E

; Masses Jlotets. Fotis Mendel.
; ;
minor), op. 117 (Posthumous work, 46). LILLIBURLERO, an English rcvolution-

Schumann, Gesaiumelte Schriften, i. 99, arv song, words attributed to Lord Whar-
227; Hensel, Die Familie, Mendelssohn i. ton, music by Henry Purcell. The ballad
1G:{, 2GG Grove, ii. 135.
; refers to King James's nomination, in 1G8G,
LIFE FOR THE CZAR. See Zarskaja to the lieutenancy of Ireland of General
skisu. Talbot, then just created Earl of Tyrconnel,
LIFT THINE EYES. See Hebe deine who had recommended himself to the king
Augen auf. by his arbitrary treatment of Protestants
LIGHT AS FAIRY FEET CAN FALL. when he was lieutenant-general. The air
See Oberon. was long popular in the British Army, but
LIGHT OF ASIA, THE, cantata in four was discontinued as a march in the last
parts, text adapted by the composer from century to avoid giving offence to Irish Ro-
Edwin Arnold's poem of the same title, mu- man Catholic soldiers. The only copy ex-
sic by Dudley Buck, first performed (with- tant of the march and quickstep is con-
out orchestra) by the Choral Society, Wash- tained ill " The Delightful Companion or, ;
ington, May G, 188G in Loudon, by the Choice New Lessons for the Recorder or
;
Novello Choir, March 19, 1889. Part I. Pro- Flute " (2d ed., Loudon, 1G8G). The tune,
logue IL The Renunciation and Tem^jta- which is often referred to by dramatists
;
tion in. The Return IV. Epilogue and and other writers, is given in Grove, iii.
; ;
Finale.
Published first in England. Up- 138. Variations on the air, for two piano-
ton, Standard Cantatas, 117 Athenajum fortes, by Theodore Gouvy, op. 62, are pub-
;
(1889), i. 383 Academy (1889), i. 212.

; lished by Senff (Leipsic, 1878). Cumining's
LIGHT OF THE WORLD, oratorio in Purcell, 45 Percy's Reliques, ii. 358 Chap- ; ;
two parts, text from the Bible, music by Sir pell, Music of Olden Time, ii. 5G8.
Arthur Sullivan, written for and first given LILLO, GIUSEPPE, born at Galatiiia,
at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. Naples, Feb. 26, 1814, died, Feb. 4, 1863.
27, 1873. It was sung by Mile Tietjens, Dramatic composer, pupil at Naples Con-
Mine Trcbi'lli-Bettini, Sims Reeves, and servatorio of Lanza, Furuo, and Zingarelli ;
Charles Santle}-. Subject, the human as- taught pianoforte in Naples, where he after-
pects of the life of Christ. The first jjart wards became j^rofessor in the Conserva-
has four scenes, entitled, respectively Beth- torio. Though his later operas were un-
:
lehem Nazareth Lazarus and The Way successful, and he had few of the qualities
; ; ;
to Jerusalem. The scene of the second necessary for dramatic conqiosition, he still
part is entirely in Jerusalem. It is the persisted, and in 1861 became insane. He
composer's second oratorio. Published by was restored sufficiently to resume teaching

Cramer & Co. (London, 1873). Athenasum for several months, but was then struck
(1873), ii. 280 Upton, Standard Oratorios, with paralysis and never recovered. Works
;
291.
Operas La moglie jêr 24 ore II Gioi-
: ;
LIGOU, PIERRE, born in Avignon in ello, Naples, 1836 Odda di Bernauer, ib., ;
1749, died at Alais (Gard) after 1822. Or- 1837 Rosamunda, Venice, and Alisia di
;
ganist, dramatic and church composer Ricux, Rome, 1838 II conte di Chalais, ;
too
; ;
LILY
Naples, La modista, Florencp, 1840 ; L' os- Kiirnthnerthor Theater, Vienna, May 19,
teria ili Aiidujar, and Cristina di Scozia, 1842. The subject

from the vaudeville
is
Naples, 1841 ; Lara, ib., 1843 ; II mulatto, La grace de Dieu, performed at the Theatre
Turin, 184G ; Caterina Howard, Naples, de la Gaite, Paris. Scene, in Switzerland.
1840 ; Dellina, ib., 1850 ; II sogno d' una Linda, daughter of Antonio, a farmer of
notte estiva, ossia la gioventii di Shake- Chamounix, loves Carlo, an artist, but is
speare, ib., 1851 ; Ser Babbeo, ib., 1853 ; II pursued by the attentions of the Marquis
figlio della scbiava, ib., 1853. Masses, lit- de Boisfleury, brother of the Marquise
anies, and other church music Overture ;
de Sirval, who owns Antonio's farm. By
for orchestra Funeral symphony Trio and
; ;
the advice of the Prefet, Antonio sends
two quartets Pianoforte and vocal music.
;
Linda to Paris in charge of Pierotto the
Fetis; do., Supplement, ii. Ill Mendel ;
Savoyard. She loses him and is found by
do., Erganz., 215. Carlo, who discloses to her that he is the
LILY OF KILLAENEY, THE, opera in Vicomte de Sirval, sou of the Marquise.

three acts, textby John Oxenford, founded
on Boucicault's " Colleen Bawn," music by
Jules Benedict, first represented at the
Royal English Opera, Covent Garden, Lon-
don, Feb. 8, 18G2. Athemeum (18G2),
233.
LBINANDER DE NIEUWENHOVE,
AEMAND (MARIE GHISLMN), born at
Ghent, May 22, 1814, still living, 1889.
Dramatic and church composer, pupil at
Saint-Acheul, near Amiens, of Cornette,
and in 1828-35 in the Jesuits' college at
Freiburg, Switzerland, of Pure Louis Lam-
billotte. After his return to Belgium he
founded and conducted at Mechlin an ama-
teur symphonic society, to which he added
a choral section in 1838, which in 1841
took the name of Reunion Lyrique. About Annie Louise Cary.
this time he took a course in composition |
under Fetis, and in Carlo wishes to marry her, but the Mar-
1847, settled in Paris.

Works Operas: Les Montenegrins, given quise forbids, and Linda becomes in-
in Paris, Opera Comique, 1849 Le chateau sane. Linda is taken back to Chamounix
;
de la Barbe-Bleue, ib., 1851 Yvonne, ib., by Pierotto, recovers her reason when Car-
;
1859 Le maitre chanteur. Opera, 1853. lo sings a familiar song to her, and the
;

Scenes druidiques, lyric poem La fin des Marquise relenting, the two are united.
;
moissons, symphony Cantatas Te Deum Among the best of the numbers are Linda's
; ; ;
:
Stabat Mater, with orchestra Requiem, with polacca, " O luce di quest' anima " " Per
;
;
organ Quartet for strings Sonata for pi- sua madre," sung by Pierotto
;
" A conso- ;
;
anoforte and violoncello ; Many choruses. larmi affrettisi," duet between Linda and
Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 112 ; Mendel
;
bel destin che attendevi," duet Carlo ; "Ah !
Riemanu. between Linda and Pierotto " Va, seiagu- ;
LINDA DI CHAMOUNIX, Italian opera rata," sung by Antonio " L, la voce che ;
in three acts, text by Gaetauo Rossi, music primiera," by Carlo ; and the duet between
by Donizetti, first represented at the Linda and Carlo, " Ah ! di tue pene sparve il
;
LINDBLAD
sogno," which closes the opera. Orignial loncc41o Grand trio for violin, viola, and
;
cast :
bass ; Duos for violin and violoncello do. ;
for 2 violoncellos ; Solos for violoncello ;
Linda Mme Persiani.

Several works of airs varirs, and pots-pour-
Pierotto
Carlo
^Nlme Brambilla.
Signor Mario.
ris, for do. Fetis ; Mendel.
born at Lieg- LINDNER, FREEDRICH,
Antonio Signor Tarabiuini.
nitz about 1540, died at Nuremberg, be-
Marquis Signor F. Lablache.
ginning of the 17th century. In early youth
Prefet Signor Luigi Lablache.
he was made a member of the electoral
This opei-a was represented in Paris, Nov. chapel in Dresden on account of his won-
17, 1842, and at Her Majesty's, London, in derful voice, and later, at Anspach, of the
June, 1843, with the same cast except An- chapel of Markgraf Georg Friedrieh ap- ;
tonio, sung by Signor Fornasari. It was pointed in 1574 cantor at the Church of St.
first given in New York at Palmo's Theatre, Aegidius at Nuremberg. Works Canti- :
Jan. 4, 1847. Among Annie Louise Cai-y's ones saerse, 2 books (1585-88) ;
Masses for
best impersonations is that of the faithful 5 voices (1591) ; Gemma musicalis, 2 col-
Pierotto. Clement et Larousse, 403 4-6 voices, con-

; JJp- lections of madrigals, for
ton. Standard Operas, 86. taining also works of other masters, mostly
LINDBL.U), ADOLF FREDRIK, born Italian (1588-90) Corollarium cantionum ;
at Liifvingsborg, near Stockholm, in 1804, sacrarum, motets for 5-8 and more voices,
died there, Aug. 23, 1878. Pupil of Zelter do. (1590). Allgem. d. Biogr., xviii. 703 ;
in Berlin about 1835 he returned to Stock- Fetis Gerber Mendel Eiemanu Schil-
; ; ; ; ;
holm, where he spent the rest of his life. ling.
Jenny Lind, who was his pupil, introduced LINDNER, FRIEDRICH, bom at Des-
bis songs into Germany. Works : FriJn- sau, July 5, 1798, died there, Aug. 1, 1846.
denrerua, opera Leipsic, Virtuoso on the violin and the clarinet
; Symphony in C,
1839 Duo for pianoforte and violin Vocal began to study music at the age of five,
; ;
ducts, terzets, IMany songs later pupil of Moser in Berlin, where he

and quartets ;
for single voice, with pianoforte.

Mendel joined the royal orchestra in 1815 as clari-
;
Grove Futis Riemaim.

; ; net player was appointed in 1817 chamber ;
LINDENAU, LEOPOLD, born musician to the Duke of Anhalt-Dessau,

in Ham-
burg in 180G, died there in 1859. Violin- studied composition in 1821 under Fried-
ist, pupil of Spohr, and a friend, from eai'ly rich Schneider, and in 1827 became Con-
youth, of Mendelssohn acquired more than zertmeister.

; Works: Concertos and over-
local reputation by his able orchestral com- tures for grand orchestra (MS. ) Polonaise ;
positions and songs. for violin and orchestra Dances for orches- ;
LINDLEY, ROBERT, born !it Rother- tra ;

Quintet for wind instruments Quar- ;
ham, Yorkshire, England, March 4, 1777, tets for strings ; Duos for violins ; Piano-
died in London, June 13, 1855. Virtuoso fortemusic Songs. ; His son, Roderich
on the violoncello, pupil of Cervetto after ; August Lindner (born at Dessau, Oct. 29,
having been a member of the tlieatre or- 1820, died at Hanover, June 15, 1878), was
chestra at Brighton, he succeeded Sperati an excellent violoncellist, pupil of Drechs-
as first violoncellist at the Royal Opera in ler,and in composition of Schneider. He
London in 1794, and acted in the same became in 1837 a member of the royal
capacity at the Concerts of Antient Mus-ic chapel at Hanover and left concert ;
and those of the Philharmonic Society. pieces for violoncello, and many songs.
Works : 4 concertos for violoncello with Fetis ; Mendel Gerber ; ; Riemauu ;, Schil-
orchestra ; Trios for bassoon, viola, and vio- ling.
4G3
: ;
lixdpakvt:seu
LINDPAINTNER, 1>ETER (JOSEPH) notably The Standard-Bearer, written for
VON, bom at Coblentz, Dec. 8, 1701, died Pischek. In 1853 he visited London to
at Nonnenliorn, on conduct the New Philharmonic Concerts,
the Lake of Con- and bring out his oratorio, Der Jiingling
stance, Aug. 21, von Nain. He had already received a medal
1856. Dramatic from Queen Victoria for the dedication to
composer, sou of a her of his oratorio of Abraham in 1848.
tenor singer in the Works
service of the Elec- I. Operas: Demophoon, Munich, 1811;
tor of Treves, who Alexander in Ephesus, ib., 1811 (?) Der ;
followed his prince blinde Gartner, oder die bliihende Aloe,

to Augsburg when 1819 (?) Die Pflegekinder, 1819 (?) Der
; ;
the electorate was Vamfiijr, Vienna, 1829 Timantes (new ver- ;
overrun by the French. Young Liudpaint- sion of Demophoon), Stuttgart, 1829 (?)
ner began his education at Augsburg, taking Der Bergkonig, Berlin, 1830 Die Princes- ;
violin lessons of PlOdterl and studying the sin von Cacambo, Stuttgart, 1830 (?) Hans ;
pianoforte and harmony under Witzka. Max Giesbrecht von Humpenburg, ib.,
The talent he exhibited determined the 1830 (?) Pervonte, oder die Wiinsche, ib.,
;
elector to send him to Munich to finish his 1830 (?) Sulmona, ib., 1830 (?) Die Ama-
; ;
musical education with Winter, under zone, oder der Frauen und der Liebe Sieg,
whose direction lie wrote his first opera, ib., 1831 Die Biirgscliaft, ib., 1832 Die
; ;
Demophoon, a mass, and a To Dcum, which Sternenkiuiigin, ib., 1835 (?); Kunstsinuund
were brought out with success in 1811. The Liebe, ib., 1835 (?) Die Macht des Liedes,
;
death of the elector in 1812 forced him to ib., July, 183G Die Gcnueserin, Vienna, De-
;
accept the position of Kapellmeister at the cember, 1838 Die Rosenmildchen, 1840 (?)
;
new Isarthor Theater, which he held until Die sicilianische Vesper, Stuttgart, 1843 ;
1819. The success of several of his com- Lichlenslcin, ib., 1845 Ginlia, oder die Cor- ;
positions led him to neglect his studies sen, ib., December, 1853 Libella, not per- ;
daring this period ; but the advice of a formed.

friend induced him to study countei'point II. Ballets and melodramas Music to :
thoroughly under Joseph Griitz. In 1819 Goethe's Faust, Stuttgart, 1832 Aglae, ou ;
he accepted the post of Court Kapellmeis- I'eleve d'amour, ballet Zephyr und Flora, ;
ter at Stuttgart, which he continued to do.; Joco, der brasiliauische Att'e, do.; Zeila,
hold until his death, which occurred during do. Der Geistersohn, do. Die Glocke,
; ;
a summer vacation. He was

buried at melodrama on Schiller's poem Abraham's ;
Wasserburg. He was universally esteemed, Opifer, do. Der gerettete Moses, do. Fried-
; ;
and was a member of almost every musical rich der Siegreiche, do.; Timoklea, do.
institution on the Continent. As a con- HI. Oratorios and church music Der :
ductor he was pre-eminent, and raised the Jiingling von Nain Abraham's Opfer (dif- ;
Stuttgart orchestra to a very high position ferent from the melodrama) Additional ;
among the great orchestras Germany.

of accompaniments to Handel's Judas Macca-
As a composer he shone rather by his well- bceus Herr Gt)tt, dich loben wir, motet
;
ordered, clear, and brilliant style than by for 4 voices and orchestra, on a text by
any of the higher attributes of genius. His Klopstock Grabgesang for 4 male voices,
;
best known works are his operas Der Vam- 5 horns, and 3 trombones, or pianoforte ad
pyr and Lichteustein, his ballet Joco, and lib. ; Classes, Te Deum, psalms, Pange lin-
his overture to Faust. Several of his songs gua, cantatas in MS.
enjoyed an immense popularity at one time, IV. Instrumental works Overture to the :
463
;; ;
UN IKE
tragedy Der Paria, Leipsic, Breitkopf & LINIKE (Linigko, Linicke), JOHANN
Hiii-tel do. to Abraliam's Ojifer, ib.
;
Fest- GEOllG, boru in Prussia, latter part of tlie ;
Ouverture for the music festival in Halle, 17th century, died after 1725. Violinist
1835 Sympboiiy for grand orch., MS.
;
and vocal composer, pupil in Berlin of Jo- ;
1st quartet for strings, Leipsic, Peters ;

hann Theile ; became in 109G chamber mu-
Concerto for clarinet, Mainz, Schott ; Diver- sician in the electoral chapel, and in 1712
tissement for 2 pianofortes, Leipsic, Breit- Conzertmeister at the ducal court at Weis- ]
kopf ct Hiirtel Several pianoforte jsieces seufels. Later he made a concert tour to
; ;
Overtures in score to most of the operas England, and in 1725 was appointed Con-
and ballets, Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel zertmeister of the opera orchestra in Ham- ;
Overture on Hail Columbia ; Sinfonia con- burg. Works : Wettstreit der Poesie, Mu-
certante for flute, oboe, clarinet, born, and sik iiud jMalerei, Festspiel, performed in
bassoon, op. 4, Mainz, Scliott Concertino Hamburg, 1725
; Musical prologue, ib., ;
for clarinet, op. 19, Leipsic, Breitkojsf & 1725 Kecitatives to Handel's opera, JuUus ;
Hiirtel ; Sinfonia concertante, for 2 horns, Ciisar ; symphonies ; 2 sonatas ; 2 can-

op. 23, ib. ; Kondo for bassoon and orch., tatas for voice, pianoforte, and strings ; Can-
op. 24, ib. ; Concerto for flute, op. 28, ib. ;
tata for voice and pianoforte. Fetis ; Ger-
Concertino for violin, op. 35, Mainz, Schott ber ; Mendel ; Schilling.
Sinfonia concertante for flute, oboe, clar- LINK, FRIEDKICH, born at Obernhain,
inet, horn, and bassoon, op. 3G, ib. ; Con- Nassau, Dec. 1, 1841, still living, 1889.
certino for clarinet, op. 41, ib. ; do. for Organist, jjupil of his father on the jDiano-
violin, op. 42, Leipsic, and in theory and in 1805
Probst ; do. for forte, the vioUn, ;
horn, op. 43, ib. ; Hondo

Conservatorium, Leipsic, of Mo-
brillant for clar- at the
inet, oj). 45, Leipsic, Breitkojjf & Hiirtel scheles, Reinecke, and Wenzel on the piano- ;
Concerto for flute, op. 40, ib., Probst Po- forte, of Richter on the organ, and of ;
lonaise for flute and orch., op. 47, ib., Breit- Hauptmann, Reinecke, and Richter in har-
kopf & Hiirtel op. mony and composition.
; Eomanza and rondo,
In 1800 he was
48, ib. ; and rondo, for apjiointcd musical instructor and organist
Fantasie, variations,
2 horus and orch., op. 41), ib. 3 grand in the teachers' seminary at Wettingeu, ;
trios for violin, viola, and violoncello, op. Switzerland. Works Music for pianoforte :
;
52, ib., Peters ; Pot-jwurri, oji. 02, ib., do. for violoncello ; Songs. Mendel.
Breitkopf & Hiirtel. LINKE (Lincke), JOSEPH, born at
V. Vocal chamber music : G four-jiart Trachenberg, Silesia, June 8, 1784, died in
songs for male voices, op. 39, Mainz, Schott Vienna, March 20, 1837. Virtuoso on the
Die Frauen, 6 do. to words by Wagner, violoncello, pupil of his father and of Os-
wald on the pianoforte and the violin
and, while chorister at the Dominicans in
Breslau, of Hanisch on the organ and in
counterpoint, and of Lose and Flemming
on the violoncello. succeeded Lose as He
op. 54, ]\Ianiihcim, Hcckcl ; Canons nith first violoncellist in the opera orchestra,
pianoforte, Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel ;

conducted by Carl Maria von Weber. In
About 50 songs for a voice with isiauoforte. 1808 he joined the orchestra of Prince
Allgem. d. Biogr., xviii. 700 AUgem. ; Easoumoflfsky in Vienna, in 1810 became
mus. Zeitung, xv. seq. do. xxxvii., GGl, ; chamber virtuoso to the Countess of Erdudj-
677 F(itis
; Schwiibische Chronik, Dec.
; Niczky in Croatia, and in 1818 returned to
25, 1850 Westermaun's Illustr. Mouatsh. Vienna, to
; fill the place of solo violoncellist
(1850), No. 3. in the orchestra of the Theater an der Wien,
464
;
LINLEY
and from 1831 iu and music to dramas The
that of tlio Imperial Works Operas, :
Opera. Iu close coimectioii with Beetho- Duenna, 1775

Selima and Azor, 1770 The ; ;
ven, he was indebted to this master for the Camj), 1778 The Carnival of Venice, The ;
high reputation he won as a quartet player. Gentle Shepherd, and Eobiusou Crusoe,
Works Concertos,
: caprices, variations, 1781 The Triumph of Mirth, 1782 The ; ;
fantasias, rondos, and polonaises for violon- Spanish Bivals, 1784 The Strangers at ;
cello Pieces for violoncello, with quartet

; Home, and Richard Coeur de Lion, 178G ;
Do., with guitar Do., with pianoforte.- Fe- Love iu the East, 1788
; Sougs iu The ;
tis; Mendel Schilling Wurzbach.; School for Scandal, 1777 Accompaniments

; ;
LINLEY, FBiVNCIS, born at Doncaster, for the songs in The Beggar's Opera Mu- ;
England, iu 1774, died there, Sept. 15, sic for parts of Slieridan's Monody on the
1800. Virtuoso on the organ, pupil of Mil- Death of Garrick, 1779; Six Elegies;
ler, organist at Doncaster. Though blind Twelve Ballads A 5-part madrigal, "Let me, ;
from his birth, he beat fourteen compet- careless " Other vocal music, published af- ;
itors as a candidate for organist of the Pen- ter his death. Grove Riemann Mendel ; ; ;
touville Chapel, London. The failure of Fetis Gerber Harmouicon (1825), 215. ; ;
a music trade he had established iu that LINLEY, THOMAS, the younger, born
city caused him to go to America, where his at Bath iu 175G, died at Grimsthorpe, Lin-
talent was greatly admired he returned to colnshire, England, Aug. 7, 1778. Violin-
;
England about 1795. Works: Interludes, ist, son and pujjil of Thomas Linley stud- ;
fugues, and other jneces for organ Sonatas ied under Dr. Boyce, and iu Florence under ;
for pianoforte and flute Solos and duos Nardiui, becoming the warm friend of Mo-
;
for liute Pianoforte music Method for zart while in Italy.

; On his return to Eng-
;
organ.
Fetis Mendel. ; land, in 1772, he became solo violiu at his
LINLEY, GEORGE, born at Whit- father's concerts in Bath and at Drury Lane
church, England, in 1795, died iu Loudon, Theatre. Works Lot God arise, anthem :
Sept. 10, 18G5. Vocal composer acquired with orchestra, 1773 Part of the music for
; ;
a rare popularity in England, by his pecu- The Dueuua, 1775 Chorus and two sougs ;
liar and fascinating melodies. W'orks Op- for The Tempest Ode on the Witches and ;
eras and oj)erettas La poupee de Nurem- Fairies of Shakspere, 177G The Song of
: ;
berg, given in London, Covent Garden, Moses, oratorio Accompaniments for wind ;
ISGl The Toy Maker Francesca Doria. instruments to music in Macbeth. Grove
; ; ;
The Jolly songs of Riemann Mendel Fetis.

Beggars, cantata ; 12 ; ;
the camp Selection of Scottish melodies

;
LINLEY, WILLIAM, born at Bath about
(with C. G. Byrne) Songs of the Trouba- 17G7, died iu Loudon, May G, 1835.
;
Sou
dours Musical Cyuics of Loudon Selec- and pupil of Thomas Linley and pupil of
; ;
tion of original hymn tunes ; Part-songs ;

Abel ; received an appointment iu India ;
Trios ; Duets ; Ballads, romances, noc- returning with a competence, he devoted

turnes, melodies, and songs.
Fetis, Sup- himself to music and literature. Works :
plement, Mendel, Ergiinz., 21G.

ii. 113 ; The Honeymoon, comic opera Pavilion, ;
LINLEY, THOlLiS, born at Wells, do. The Magic Fire, a pantomime 2 sets
; ;
Somerset, England, about 1725, died in of canzonets Glees Church music. He

; ;
London, Nov. 19, 1795. Pupil of Thomas edited Shakespeare's Dramatic Songs (1815-
Chilcot was for many years singing-master
; IG). Grove ; Mendel ; Futis ; Schilling.
and director of concerts iu Bath. In 1774 LINTER]HANS, FRANCOIS, born at
he was connected with the management Brussels, Aug. 18, 1808, still living, 1889.
of oratorios at Drury Lane Theatre, and in Vocal composer of great popularity in Bel-
177G became conductor of the music there. gium, on account of his areluous and self-
465
; ;
LINWOUJ)
sacrificing efforts iu promotiug the culti- concerts. In 1829 the two violinists were
vatiou of choral music. Works : Many
Warsaw, and the friendship was rivals in
choruses for male voices Sacred composi- broken up. In 1839 he became Conzert-
;
tions.
Fi'tis, Supplement, ii. 114. meister iu Dresden, and iu 18G1 retired on
LINWOOD, MAKY, born at Leicester, a pension. He travelled in France, Eng-
England, in 1755, died there, March 2, land, Russia, and Italy, and was everywhere
1815. Vocal comjioser. Works : David's received with enthusiasm. His playing was
First Victory, oratorio ; Songs, and other characterized by a broad and powerful tone,
vocal music, of which her cavatiua, " Pretty the result, probably, of his earlj- studies on
Fairy," is best known. the violoncello. Works 4 violin concer- :
LlPAWSia, JOSEPH, born at Hohen- tos, including the Militarj' Concerto Ron- ;
niautli, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1772, died iu Vi- dos ; Polonaises ; Variations ; Trio for
enna, Jan. 7, 1810. Kimig- strings Other violin music. He edited,
Pianist, pupil at ;
griitz, of the organist Haas on the organ and with Zalewski, the Polish poet, a collection
the pianoforte later, while studying law at of Galiciau Volkslieder (1834). Mendel
;
the university in Vienna, pupil of Paster- Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 114 Wurz- ; ;
witz, a Benedictine monk, iu composition. bach, XV. 217 Schilling do., Supplement, ; ;
His intercourse with Vanhall, Abt Stadler, 270 Riemann Wasielcwski, Die Violine, ; ;
Salieri, and principally withlNIozart, induced 402.

him to devote himself exclusively to nuisic, LISBETH, French opcra-comique in
and iu a short time he won a brilliant reputa- three acts, text by Favicrcs, music by
tion as a pianist and composer. Works
Op- Gretiy, first represented at the Theatre
eras : Der gebesserte Hausteufcl, given at Italien, Paris, Jan. 10, 1797. Its success
Kroncuburg, Nether Austria, about 1810 was brief, and the score was not j)ublished. ;
Die Nymphen der Silbenpielle, Vienna, Clement et Larousse, 403.

Schikaneder Theater, about 1800 Berna- LISLE. See Eouget de Lisle.
;
done, Prague, about 1800. Sonatas for pi- LIST TO THE GAY CASTANET. See
anoforte, violin, and violoncello do. for pi- Roue of Castile.
;
anoforte and violin Fugues, sonatas, and

; LISTE, ANTON, born at Hildesheim in
other pieces for pianoforte. Fetis Mendel 1774, died, probably in Ziirich, after 1828.
;
Schilling. Pianist and singer, pupil in Vienna of Mo-

LIPINSKI, KîPiL JOSEPH, born at zart, and of Albrechtsberger in composition.
Radzyn, Poland, Oct. He lived in Vienna till 1804, then in Hei-
30 (Nov. 4?), 1790, delberg, and finally settled in Zurich, to
died at Urlow, near teach music. Works Concerto for piano- :
ki^\ "^ ';J1 Lemberg, Dec. IG, forte Sonata for do. and bassoon or vio- ;
1801. Virtuoso on the loncello Sonatas, variations, and other ;
violin, instructed by j)ieces for jjianoforte ; Songs. Fetis ; Ger-

his father, an amateur ber ; Mendel ; Schilling.
violinist, but chiefly LISUART UND DARIOLETTE, Sing-
self-taught ; became spiel iu three acts, text by Schiebler, music
Conzertmeister of the by Johann Adam Hiller, first represented
theatre at Lemberg in in Leij)sic, in 17G7. Pianoforte score pub-
1810, and Kapellmeister soon after, but re- lished by Breitkoj)f & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
signed in 1814, in order to study. In 1817 1844).
he went to Italy, where Paganini showed him LISZT, FR.\NZ (Hungarian, Ferencz),
great favour, playing with him everj' day, born at Raiding, Hungary, Oct. 22, 1811,
and appearing with him iu ijublic at two died: at Bayreuth, July 31, 188G. His
4G6
LISZT
father, Atlaiu Liszt,was an otficer in the The younger daughter, Cosima, was married
Imperial service, and it was from him tliat to Hans von Biilow in 1857, but was af-
the young Franz got his first musical in- terwards divorced from him, and married
struction. He Richard Wagner. During his stay in Paris
matle his first pub- Liszt rose to the very first place among liv-
lic appearance as a ing pianists ; in fact, he may safely be re-

pianist at Oeden- garded as the greatest pianist in every re-
Lurg in 1820, with spect that ever lived. Since Paganini the
such success that violinist, no virtuoso had excited such gen-
several Hungarian eral enthusiasm. In 1819 he settled in

noblemen guai'an- Weimar, for fifteen years, as conductor at
teed him the means the Court Theatre. His aim in doing this
to continue his studies for six years. He was mainly to exert all the influence in his
went where he studied the pi-
to Vienna, power to further the cause of the new
anoforte under Czerny, and composition school of German and French music, and
under Salieri and Randhartinger. His first to bring to a performance important works
published work was the twenty-fourth vari- which had chance of seeing the light
little
ation on a waltz by Diabelli, one of the fifty if left to the mercy of speculative managers.
variations contributed by various compos- Among the great compositions he brought

ers (Beethoven wrote thirty-three, hia op. out at the Weimar Opera may be numbered
120, when asked to contribute onc\ pub- Wagner's Fliegende Hollander, Tannhtiuser,
lished in June, 1823, in the collection en- and Lohengrin, Schumann's Genoveva and
titled Vaterliiudischer Kiinstler-Vereiu. In music to "Manfred," Schubert's Alfonso uud
the same year he went to Paris, lioping to Estrella, and Berlioz's Benvenuto Cellini.
enter the Conservatoire, but Clierubini re- In 1859 he resigned in disgust at the oppo-
fused to make an exception in his favour to sition made to the production of Corne-
the rule forbidding the admission of for- lius's Barbier von Bagdad. After that time
eigners, so he studied under Reicha and he lived at intervals at Rome, Pesth, Wei-
Pai'r. His reputation as a pianist was al- mar, and Bayreuth, holding a sort of musi-
ready' brilliant ; his first serious attempt at cal court wherever he happened to be. In
composition was a one-act operetta, Don 18GG holy orders, with the title of Cora-
Sanche, which was brought out at the Aca- mendatore, were conferred on him at Rome
demic Boyale de Musicjue with some success, by Pius IX. Liszt's career may be divided
on Oct. 17, 1825. From this time to 1827 into two parts his virtuoso period, extend-
:
his time was taken up with concert tours to ing from 1839 to 1849, his career as a com-
England and Switzerland. Being thrown poser beginning about the time of his set-
upon his own resources by his father's death tling in AVeimar ; after that time he only
in that year, and having, moreover, to sup- occasionally appeared in public as a pianist.
port his mother, he settled in Paris, where He wrote a great deal of music, almost ex-
he became intimate with Lamartine, George clusively for the pianoforte, before he went
Sand, Victor Hugo, and other lights of lit- to Weimar, but the compositions belonging
erature. He temporarily joined the Saint- to his earlier period are chiefly interesting
Simonians, but soon reverted to the Catholic as examples in the history of the develop-
faith. In 1834 he formed something more ment of pianoforte playing. Of all modern
than an intimacy with the Comtesse d'Agoult, pianists and writers for the pianoforte Liszt
by whom he had three children. Of these a has undoubtedly contributed most to the
son, and the elder daughter, who married the art of pianoforte playing, and has seemingly
French statesman Emile Ollivier, arc dead. exhausted the resources of that instrument.
;
LISZT
His recognition as n, composer must date, rus Zwei Episoden aus Lenau's Faiist ; 13
;
however, from the time when he turned his symphonic poems Ge qu'on entend sur la :
attention to the orchestra. The peculiar montagne, 7hsso, Les Priludeg, Orplw',
direction his genius then took was probably Prometheus, Mazeppa, Festkliinge, Eeroide
due in great measure to the influence of funebre, Hungaria, Hamlet, Hunnenschlacht
Berlioz and of "Wagner, with both of whom (after Kaulbach), Die Ideate (after Schiller),
he had formed an Von der Wiege bis zura Grabe (after Michael
intimacy which soon Zichy) i^t,'s/-Vorspiel, Weimar, 1857 Gau-
; ;
ripened into the deamus igitur, Humoreske with soli and

wannest friendship. chorus iêsZ-lMarsch, Weimar, Hnldigungs-
;
Liszt still stands as Marsch, ib., 1853 ; Vom Fels zum JMeer !
the foremost compo- Deutscher Siegesmarsch ; Kiinstler-Festzug,

ser of so-called pro- 1859 ; 6 Rhapsodies hongroises in F, D (2),
gramme music. D minor, E, and PcMhcr Carneval ; Hun-
W^fP Abandoning Berlioz's garian March, for the Coronation of Francis
plan of attempting to Joseph, Budapest, 1SG7 ; Rdkoczy March,
make the musical presentation of a poetic symphonically arranged ; Hungarian Storm
idea, or dramatic narrative, go hand in hand March, 1870 ; Szozat and Hymnus ; 2 con-
with the develoiJment of an organic and self- certos for pianoforte and orchestra, and L'n-
dependent musical form, he struck out in garische Fantasia 7'o^/e?i-Tanz, paraphrase ;
the new, quasi- Wagnerian direction of mak- on Dies irfc, for do.
ing the musical form depend solely upon the II. For pianoforte 12 Etudes d'exrou- :
development of the poetic idea he attempted tion transccndante 3 grandcs etudes do ;
to express. He thus gave to the world tlie concert Ab irato, etude de perfectiounc-
;
iSymjihonic Poem, in which form programme- ment Waldesrauschen, Gnomeureigen, 2

;
music has said its last word up to the pres- concert etudes Ave Maria 10 Harmonies ; ;
ent time. During the later years of his life Iioetiques ct religieuses jUinees de Pele- ;
Liszt applied himself more exclusively to rinage, suite of 14 pieces Venezia e Napoli, ;
choral composition. Liszt's personal influ- supplement to former 3 Apparitions 2 ; ;
ence upon the musical w-orld has probably Ballades Concert solo C Consolations
; ; ;
been more extensive than that of any single Berceuse Priiludium (after Bach) Varia-
; ;
man in all the history of the art. There tions (do.) Fantasia und Fugne on the
;
was hardl}' a contcmporaiy composer in theme BACH Scherzo and March So- ; ;
Europe who did not owe something to nata 2 Polonaises Mazurka brillante
; ;
Liszt's advice, his pecuniary aid, or his gen- Rhapsodie espagnole 3 capricesvalses ; ;
erous energy in bringing compositions to Feuilles d'Album 2 do. Grand Galo}) ; ;
public notice, and paving their way to fame. chromatique Valsc impromjita Mosonyi's ; ;
His generosity and charity were boundless. burial Ek'gio 2 Legendes Hymne du
; ; ;
In one department Liszt has outstrijiped Pape 15 Iilia2:)Sodies hongroises

; Hunga- ;
all rivals :in transcribing orchestral or vo- rian Quickstep Introduction and Hunga- ;
cal works for the pianoforte. He numbered rian Mai'ch.

among his pupils almost all the great pian- in. Vocal Oratorios Die Legende von :
ists of the day, von Biilow, Carl Tausig, and der heiligen Elisabeth, Pestli, 18G5 (Stan-
Franz Bendel being the most noted of islaus, 1885) Ghristus, for soli, chorus, or- ;
them. gan, and orchestra, Eome, 18G7.

Works I. For orchestra Sij-mphonie zu
: IV. Masses, psalms, etc. Missa sollennis, :
Dante's Divina Commedia, witli female for the dedication of the basilica at Gran ;
chorus ; iâ^s^Symphonie, with male cho- Coronation mass, Buda, 1867 Missa chora- ;
468
4CU
:;
LITOLFF
with organ Missa, for male voices and vol. iii., 1, Dramaturgische Blatter, L
lis, ;
organ Eequiem, for do. 9 choruses with Abtheilung, Essays, etc. vol. iii., 2, Drama-
; ; ;
organ Die SeUgkeiten, for chorus, bari- turgische Blatter, H. Abthl., Kichard Wag-
;
tone solo, and organ Pater noster, for ;
mixed chorus, with organ do. et Ave ;
Maria, for male voices, with organ Psalm ;
XIII., for tenor solo, chorus, and orchesti'a ;
Psalm XVIII., for male chorus, with or-

chestra and organ ; Psalm XXIII., for tenor
(or soj)iano), with harji (or pianoforte) and
organ (or harmonium) Psalm CXXXVIL, ;
for a voice, with female chorus, violin, harp, ner ; vol. iv., Aus den Annalen des Fort-
pianoforte, and organ Christus ist geboren, ; schritts ; vol. v., Streifziige ; vol. vi., Die
Christmas song for chonis, with t)rgan An ; Zigeuner und ihre Musik in Ungarn. L.
den heiligen Franziskus, i)rayer for male Ramann, Franz Liszt als Kiinstler und
voices, with harmonium (or organ), 3 trom- Mensch (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel, 1880).
bones, and kettledrums (ad libitum) Des ; LITOLFF, HENRY (CHARLES), born
erwacheuden Kiudes Lobgesang, for female in London, Feb. G,
chorus, with harmonium or jiianoforte, and j^'^\ 1818, still living,
harp (ad libitum). 'W'. \ 1889. Pianist and
Y. Cantatas, and other choral works dramatic composer,
Zur S;icular-Feier Beethoven's, Weimar, son of a French sol-
1870 ; Clioruses (8) to Herder's Der rn/fcs- dier from Alsace,
sc/tc Prometheus Fest- Album, for Goethe's
; who was captured in
100th birthday, Weimar, ISi!) Wartljurg- ; Spain, settled in
Lieder Die Glockxn des Stras.sburger !Miiu-
; England as a violin-
sters (Longfellow), for bai-itone solo, chorus, ist, and married an
and orchestra ; Die he'duje, Ciicilia, Legendc Englishwoman. The

for mezzo-soprano, with chorus (ad libitum) son carlj' became a jHipil of Moscheles, and
and orchestra (or pianoforte, harmonium, at the age of twelve played publicly at Cov-
and harp) 12 choruses for male voices 4
; ; ent Garden Theatre. An unhappy mar-
do. An die Kiinstler (Schiller), for soli and
; riage, when he was but seventeen years old,
chorus with orchestra Festchor, for the ; forced him to leave England for France.
unveiling of Herder's monument, Weimar, Unable to make a living in Paris, he sup-
1850 Festgesaug, for 4-part chorus with
; ported himself in the town of Melun by
organ Das Lied der Begeisterung, for male
; teaching, until his performance at a char-
chorus Weimar's Volkslied, for do. Was
; ; ity concert brought him iuHueutial friends
ist des Deutschcu Vaterland ?, for do. with and enabled him to remove to the French
pianoforte About 60 songs, with piano-
; capital. He soon went to Brussels, and in
forte Many arrangements for orchestra
; 1841-44 acted as Kapellmeister in Warsaw.
and for pianoforte, of the most varied de- Then he gave concerts in Prague, Dresden,
scription, including the Soirees de Vienne Leipsic,and Berlin, visited London in 184(J,
(after Schubert). and was very successful in Amsterdam and
Literary works : Gesammelte Schriften, Brunswick. He took part in the Vienna
frei in's Deutsche (ibertragen von La Mara Revolution of 1848, but returned safely to
(Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel), vol. i., Fried- Brunswick, where he married the widow of
rich Chopin ; vol. und Reise-
ii., Essays the music-dealer Mej'ei', and assumed
briefe eiues Baccalaureus der Toukunst charge of the business, in 1851. He pub-
470
;
LITTA
lislied the well-known Collection Litolif, cal melodies. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 119 ;
one of the first cheap editions of classical Riemann.

music. In 1860 he transferred the firm to LIVERATI, GIOVANNI, born at Bo-
his adopted son Theodor, and settled in logna in 1772, died in Italy after 1817.
Paris, where he married the Comtesse de Dramatic singer and composer, pupil of the
Larochefoucauld. Latterly he devoted him- brothers Tibaldi for the elements of music,
self to dramatic composition, without great and at the age of fourteen of Abbate Mat-
success. As a pianoforte virtuoso he postel in composition and of Lorenzo Gibelli
sesses taste, but lacks in singing. In early youth noted as a
fire, and brilliancy,
correctness ;
singer in churches and concerts, he became
his compositions are very un-
equal, marked by bold imagination, poetic first tenor at the Italian theatre in Barcelona
ideas, and striking beauties, and marred by in 1792, and afterwards in Madrid was ;
occasional carelessness and striving after called to Potsdam, to conduct the royal
originality. Works Operas Die Braut opera, and in 1800 became director of the
:
vom Kyiiast, Brunswick, and Frankfort, theatre orchestra in Prague. In 1801 he

1847 Ilodrigue de Tolede
;
Le chevalier went to Trieste, and in 1805 to Vienna,
;
Naliel, Baden, 18G3 La boite de Pandore, where he lived as vocal instructor, in close
;
Paris, 1871 Hcloise ct Abclard, ib., 1872

;
intercourse with Haydn, Beethoven, and ;
La belle au bois dormant, and La fiancee Salieri, till 1811, when he was appointed
du roi de Garbe, ib., 1871 La Mandragore, composer to the royal theatre in London.
;
Brussels, 1876 Les Templiera, ib., 1886 He returned to Italy in 1817. Works Op-
; ;

L'escadron volant de la reiue, Paris, 1888. eras II divertimento in campagna, given :
Ruth et Booz, oratorio, 1869 Symphony- in Bologna, 1790 Euea in Cartagine, Vi- ; ;
concertos for pianoforte and orchestra enna, 1796 La prova geuerale, Vienna, ;
;
Maximilien Robespierre, op. 55, and other 1799 II convito degli dei, Vienna, 1799 ; ;
overtures for orchestra Violin concerto, La presa d' Egea, Vienna, 1800
;
Davidde, ;
Eroica Trios for; pianoforte and strings Vienna. 1802 II maestro di musiea, Tri- ;
;
Funeral Slarch for Meyerbeer; Pianoforte este, 1801 II maestro fanatico, Trieste, ;
music, and many songs.

Fetis do.. Sup- 1804, Vienna, 1805 I selvaggi, London,
; ;
plement, ii. 117 Mendel Riemann Va- 1814 II trionfo di Cesare, ib., 1814 Gas-
; ; ; ; ;
pereau, Coutemporaius, 1171 Bitard, 828. tone e Bojardo, Gli amanti fanatici, ib.,
;
LITTA, Conte GIULIO, born in Milan 1815 II trionfo d' Albione, ib., 1816. Ora- ;
in 1822, still living, 1889. Amateur dra- torios Die sieben Worte Jesu am Krauze :
;
matic composer, second son of the Duke L' adorazione dei pastori. Cantatas : II tri-
Pompco Litta, a great art patron ; from onfo d' Ausouia, Miltiade, and several others.
early youth he showed eminent talent for Requiem for four voices, with orchestra ;
music, wrote his first opera at the age of Masses ; Psalms ;

Quartets for strings ; Mu-
twenty, and soon won a steadily increasing sic for violoncello ; Part-songs ; Terzets ;
fame.
Works Operas Biauca di Santa- :
Duets ; Arias, romances, and songs. Fetis ;
fiera, given in Milan, Conservatorio, 1813 ;

Mendel ; Riemann.
Maria Giovanna, Turin, Teatro Carignan ;
LLOYD, CHARLES HARFORD, born
Editta di Lormo, Genoa, Teatro Carlo Felice, at Thornbury, Gloucester.shire, England,
1853 Sardanapalo Don Giovanni di Por-
; ;
Oct. 16, 1849, still living, 1889. Organist,
togallo n viandante, lyric scene, Teatro
;
church and vocal composer was appointed ;
Milanese, 1873 Raggio d' amore, Milan,;

organist of Gloucester Cathedral in 1876,
Teatro Manzoni, 1879 II sogno dei fiori ;
and conducted the Gloucester Triennial
II violino di Cremona. La Passione, ora- Festival in 1877 and 1880. He is also di-
torio, Turin, Philharmonic Academy Vo- ;
rector of the Gloucester Choral Society and
471
;;
L013
the Gloucester Philbarmoiiic Society, and concertos, variations, solos for flute ;
Quar-
ill 1881! became organist of Ciuist Ciiurcli, tets for i)ianoforteand strings. Didactic
Oxford. Works Cantatas Hero and Le- : works Die Lehre von der thematischen Ar-
:
ander, Worcester, 1884 Song of Balder,

; beit (Weimar, 184G) Lehrbuch der musi-
;
Hereford, 1885 ; Andromeda. Full Cathe- kalischen Komjwsition (Leipsic, 1850-07) ;
dral Service in E-flat (Novello) ; Magnificat Katechismus der Musik (ib., 1851, 21st ed.,
and Nunc diniittis, for soli, chorus, and 1881) Musikalische Briefe eines Wohlbo-
;
orchestra ; 8-part anthems

Sonata for or- ; kanuten (ib., 1852, 2d ed., 1800); Fhe-
gan Part-songs and songs. Brown.
;
gende Blatter fiir Musik (ib., 1853-57)
LOB, OTTO, born at Liudlar, Ehenish Aus dem Leben eines Musikers (ib., 1859)
Prussia, Dec. 25, 1837, still living, 1889. Vereinfachte Harmonielehre (ib., 1801)
After having received a thorough musical Katechismus der Kompositionslehre (1872,
education he went to America, in 1804, and 3d ed., 1870) Konsonanzeu und Disso-
;
settled in Chicago, to teach music. He

nanzen (1809). Allgem. d. Biogr., xiv. 24 ;
founded the two musical societies of that liiemann Mendel Fetis Schilling.
; ; ;
city, Germauia and Concordia, and is con- LOBET GOTT IN SEINEN EEICHEN,
ductor of the latter. Works Choruses cantata, (" Oratorium ") Festo Ascensionis
:
;
Songs.
Mendel. Christi, for soli and chorus, with accompa-
LOBE, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, l)oru at niment of 3 trumpets, drums, 2 flutes, 2
Weimar, May 30, oboes, strings complete, and contiuuo, by
1797, died in Leip- Johanu Sebastian Bach (Bachgesellschaft,
sic, July 27, 1881. No. 11, Lei23sic, 1852). Published also
Di'amatic composer, with additional accompaniments by Kobert
pui)il of August Kie- Franz, Breslau, Leuckart. The autograph
iiianu on the fiutc is in the KiJnigliche Bibliothek, Berlin.
:iud violin, later of LOBGESANG (Hymn of Praise), Sinfonie-
A. E. Mailer; ap- Cautate in three parts, for orchestra and
peared as solo flut- chorus, by Mendelssohn, op. 52, written at
ist at the Gewantl- Leipsic in 1840 for the fourth centennial
haus, Leipsic, in celebration of the art of printing and rtrst ;
1811 for many years flutist, and afterwards given at St. Thomas's Church, Leipsic, June
;
viola player in the court orchestra at AVei- 25, 1840. After its second performance,
niar, ho received the title of professor and which took place at Birmingham (England),
founded a music school in 1812, removed Sept. 23, 1840, Mendelssohn conducting, it
to Leipsic in 181G, and edited the Allgc- was considerably changed, the scene of the
meiue musikalischo Zeitung until 1848. Watchman being added, and it was again
He also taught music, and devoted himself performed in Leipsic, Dec. 3, 1840. The
to theoretical wi'itings, published the Flie- work is dedicated to Friedrich August H.,
gende Blatter fiir Musik in 1853-57, edited King of Saxony. The title was suggested
the musical department of the Leipsic II- by Karl Klingemann. L Sinfonia, Maes-
lustrirte Zeitung, and contributed to other toso con moto. Allegro, in B-flat Allegretto ;
periodicals.
Works Oiieras Wittekind, uu poco agitato, in G minor Adagio reli-
:
;
Herzog der Sachsen, Weimar, 1822 Der gioso, in D H. Chorus, Alles was Odem ; ;
Wundergiirtel (1827) Die Flibustier, ib., hat lobe den Herrn

; HI. llecitative and ;
1829 Die Fiirstin von Granada, oder der tenor aria, Er ziihlet uns're Thriinen in der
;
Zauberblick, ib., 1833 Der rothe Do- Zeit der Noth TV. Chorus, Sagt es, die ihr
; ;
mino, ib., 1837 KOnig und Pilchter, ib., erlOsct vou dem Herrn aus aller Triibsal
;
1844. 2 symphonies Several overtures, V. Soprano solo, Ich harrete des Herru
;
472
;
: ;
LOBKOWITZ
iiud cr neigte sich zn luir \1. Tenor solo, ; with orchestra Concert overture
; (Quar- ;
tStricke Todes Latteii uus umfiiugeii

tins tet for strings. Fetis
Mendel. ;
VII. Cliorus, Die Nacht ist vergaiigcai VIII. ; LOBO, Dom AFFONSO, Portuguese
CLoral, Nim dauket Alle Gott mit Herzeu ;
composer, born about 1555, died iu Toledo.
Chorus, Lob, ELr, uud Preis sei Gott IX. ; Church comjjoser, first mestre de capella
Tenor solo, Drum sing' ich mit meiiiem in Lisbon, then at the Cathedral of Toledo.
Lieile ewig den Lob X. Chorus, Ilir Viilkcr,; He is designated by Lope de Vega as one
bringt. Published by Brcitkopf it Hiirtel of the greatest artists of his time. Works :
(Leii)sic, 1841). English adajjtation by Book of Motets, from which the Magnificat
John A. Novello, authorized bj' Mendels- for 8 voices is inserted in Hilarion Eslava's
sohn, performed by the Sacred Harmonic Lyra sacro-hispana (^ladrid, 1855 to 1809)
Society, Loudon, March 10, 1843. Breit- Masses and other church music. Fetis ;
kopf & Hilrtel, Mendelssohn Werke, Serie Vasconcellos.

14, No. 93.
Eockstro, Mendelssohn, 74 ;
LOCATELLI, PIETEO, born at Bergamo
iSchumann, Gesammelto Schrifteu, ii. IGO ;
in 1093, died iu Amsterdam in 1704. Vio-
Neue Zeitschrift fiir Musik (10), 193 ; Up- linist, pujiil of Corelli in Eome ; travelled
ton, Standard Oratorios 213. Amsterdam, where he much, and settled in
LOBKOWITZ QUAPvTETS, He was a very
G quartets established public concerts.
for two violins, viola, and violoncello, in F, original player, first devised some wonder-
G, D, E minor, A, and B-llat, by Beetho- ful feats of execution, and Paganini is
ven, op. 18, written between 1795 and 1800, thought to have taken hints from him.
and dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz, Herzog Works 12 concert! grossi, op. 1 Sonatas : ;
von Eaudnitz. Published by T. MoUo (Vi- for fiute, with bass, oja. 2 L' Arte del vio- ;
euua, 1801 and 1802). Breitkopf & Har- lino, with 12 concertos and 24 caprices for
tel, Beethoven Werke, Serie G, No. 1-C. 2 violins, viola, violoucello, antl bass, op. 3 ;
Thayer, Verzeichuiss, 3(5 Lenz, Beetho- G concertos, op. 4 ; trios for 2 violins and ;
ven, vol. i., part i., 108 ; Marx, Beethoven, violoncello, op. 5 ; 12 violin sonatas, op. G ;
i. 192 ; Grove, ii. 154. G concerti a quattro, o}^. 7 ; Trios, op. 8 ; L'
L0BM.\NN, FEANZ, born at Volschau Ai'te di uuova modulazione, in later editions
in Nether Lusatia iu 1809, Contrasto
still living, as Caprices enigmatiques, ojj. 9 ;
1889. (town armonico, concerti a quattro, op. 10. Fe-

Violinist, jiupil of his father
musician and organist at Muskau, Silesia) tis Eiemann Schilling Wasielewski, Die ; ; ;
on several instruments, and of Leopold Violine, 53 Dubourg, The Violin, 03 ; ;
Schefer iu harmony and counterjjoiut. In Hart, do., 219.

1720 he joined the orchestra of the Ko- LOCCHINI, ANTONIO, born in Apulia,
nigstadter Theater, Berlin, continuing his Italy, iu 1740, died, probably before 1787.
studies under the chamber musician Dam, Dramatic composer, pupil aud later in-
and S. W. Dehn
entered the royal orches- structor at the Conservatorio del Ospeda-
;
tra in 1833, and soou after was called to letto, Naples. Works Operas Tutti quan- :
Eiga, as chorus-master and Conzertmeister ti sono pazzi, given iu Naples, Teatro dci
at the theatre. He left this position, about Fiorentini, 170G ; Scipione in Cartagine,
1847, to devote himself to teaching, compo- Parma, about 1780. Fetis ; Mendel.
sition,and the conducting of the concerts LOCHiiBEE NO MOEE, a Scottish or
of theSinging Society, in which ho appeared L'ish air, probably of the 17th century.
also as violinist till about 1800. Works There are several versions, of which the
Der Kiifig, comic opera Psalm CXXI., Scottish ones are traced to the old ballad,
;
chorus for men's voices, with orchestra, "Lord Eonald (or Eandal, accortliug to
performed in Eiga, 1847 Solos for violin, Scott), my Sou." The verses, Farewell to
;
473
;;
LOCK
Locliaber, were written Ly Allau Eamsay suites, in MS. He was author also of a few
(1G8G-1758). Ill Ii-eland the air is called controversial writings of great asperity.
Limerick's Lameutatiou, ami is associated Grove ; Fetis ; lliemann North, Memoirs
;
with the capitulation of Limerick in 1G90, of Musick, 95 ; Hawkins, Hist, iv. 417
when Harmonicon (1829), 1.
the Irish soldiery were cruelly separ-
ated from their wives and children and em- LODEIl, EDW' AED JA]ÎES, born at
barked at Cork for France. The several Bath, England, in
tunes are given in Grove. 1813, died in Lon-
LOCK, MATTHEW, born at Exeter, don, April 5,
England, died 1865. Dramatic
in London, Au- composer, pupil of
gust, 1G77. He Ferdinand Hies in
was a chorister Frankfort in 1826;
of Exeter Ca- returned to Eng-
thedral, and land in 1828, but
later became a once more went to
])iipil of Edward Germany to study
(libbons and of under the same
Wake. His suc- teacher was for several years conductor at
;
cess ill compos- the Princess's Theatre, London, and after-

ing the music for the progress of Charles wards at Manchester. Works Nourjahad, :
II. through London the day before his cor- opera, 1834 The Night Dancers, do., 1846
; ;
onation, in IGGl, gained for him the place of Puck, ballad opera, additions to The Sul-
composer in ordinary to the King. He is tan, The Young Guard, 1848 Raymond ;
believed to have become a Catholic, since and Agnes, 1855 lilusic for Oxenford's ;
he was afterwards appointed organist to the Dice of Death, 1835 Twelve Sacred Songs ;
queen. In 1G72 he had a very lively liter- Various songs made into an opera, Francis
ary controversy with Thomas Salmon, who I., 1838 The Island of Calypso, cantata,
;
had devised a scheme of writing all sorts of 1851 Several unpublished operas String
; ;
music iu one universal character, an inno- quartets Songs, including The Old House
;
vation that never amounted to anything. at Home, The Brave Old Oak, and Invoca-
Works: j\Iusic to Shirley's masque, Cupid tion to the Deep. Grove Eiemaun Men- ; ;
and Death (with Gibbous), 1653; Little del, Ergiluz., 244 Fctis, Supplement, ii. ;
Consort of Three Parts, for viols or violins 119.

(1G5G) ; Music to Stapylton's comedy. The LODER, KATE FANNY, born at Bath,
Stepmother, 1GG4 ;Instrumental music to England, Aug. 22, 1826, still living, 18S9.
Dryden and Davenant's alteration of The Pianist, pupil of Henry Field, and at the
Tempest, 1670 Music to Davenant's altera- Royal Academy of Music (1839-44) of Mrs.
;
tion of Machclh, 1672, ascribed to him by Lucy Anderson and Charles Lucas won the ;
tradition JEusicto Shadwell's Psyche, 1673, King's scholarship in 1839, and was re-
;
which was published with the Tempest mu- elected, 1841. She appeared in concerts at
sicasThe English Opera(lG75) Melathesia, Bath and at the Royal Academy iu 1840,
;
or Certain General Ilules for playing ujôn was appointed jsrofessor of harmony in 1844,
a Continued Bass (1G73), said to be the and made her appearance at the Philhar-
first book of the kind published in England monic Society, first in 1847, and last iu
;
Many instnimental pieces, anthems, hymns, 1854. She was married to Sir Henry
and songs in various collections Consort Thompson, the eminent surgeon, in 1851.
;
of ll'oure Parts, for viols, comprising six She has composed an opera, an overture, 2
474
LODI
string quartets, a trio for pianoforteand which was received with great enthusiasm.
The work was severely criticised, for Che-
strings, a sonata for pianoforte aiid violin,
sonatas and other music for pianoforte, and rubini substituted iu it for the prevailing
songs. Grove. Italian method new dramatic and instru-
LODI, ANGELO, born at Fiume, Friuli, mental effects, anticipating somewhat the
JLiy 10, 1777, died tliere, Feb. 11, 1839. modern German cult. Lodo'iska paved the
Pianist, organist, and instrumental com- way for the operas of Mehul, Lesueur,
poser, pupil of Briggio Petrucei, and at and Spoutiui. Mme Scio made her debut
Bologna of Padre Mattel in counterpoint. at the Feydeau as Lodo'iska. The opera
On returning to his native town he became was represented in Dresden, Aug. 7, 1801,
second maestro di cappella at the cathe- and again, July 13, 1817 and in Berlin, ;
tlral. He was inspector and instructor Aug. 3, 1818. Published by Imbault

of the town-guard music band, member of (Paris) and by Breitkopf k Hiirtel (Leip-
tlie Philharmonic Academies of Ferrara, sic). The autograph MS. is lost. Same
Bologna, and Eovigo, of the Odeon in Ven- subject, Lodoiska, ou les Tartares, comedie
ice, the Philharmonic Society iu Modena, iu three acts, text by Dejaure, music by
and the Athenreum in Forli. Works Sym- Kreutzer, first represented at the Italiens,
:
phonies for orchestra Masses Pianoforte Paris, Aug. 1, 1791. It contains some of
; ;

music Canzonets. Fetis.
; Kreutzer's best work. A translation of Lo-
LODOISKA, comedie-heroique in three do'iska by John Kemble, with music selected
acts, text by Fillette-Loreaux, after Lou- from Cherubini's and Kreutzer's opei'as by
Storace, who added several melodies of his

own, was given at Drury Lane, Loudon,
June 19, 1794, with Mrs. Crouch as Lodo'i-
ska, and Michael Kelly as Florestan. Bel-
lasis, Cherubini, 44 ; La Mara, Musikalische
Studienkopfe,ii. IG Weber, Weber, iii. 53
; 1
;
Les Spectacles de Paris (1792), 248 Moritz ;
Hauptmann, Briefe an Franz Hauser, ii.

127 Le Mene.strel (1880-81), 385 (Pou-
;
gin) ; Clayton, Queens of Song, i. 201.

LCEILLET, JE.VN BAPTISTE, born in
Ghent, second half of the 17th century, died
iu London in 1728. Virtuoso on the flute,
pianist, and instrumental composer studied ;
music in his native town, then from 1702 in

Paris ; settled in Loudon in 1705, entered
Anna Matra Crouch.

the opera orchestra there, and from 1710
gave weekly concerts in his house. He was
vet's romance, Le chevalier de F'aublas, much sought as an instructor. Works 4 :
music by Cherubini, first represented at works of sonatas for flute Sonatas for 2 ;
the Feydeau, Paris, July 18, 1791. Lodoi- flutes Trios for flutes 6 sonatas for vari-
; ;
ska, who has been seized by Dourlinski ous instruments 12 suites of lessons for
;
and imprisoned in Lis castle iu Poland, to the harpsichord. Fetis Mendel. ;
force her acceptance of his hand, is rescued LOEWE, (JOHANN) (GOTT- KARL
by her lover Floreski with the aid of Ti- FRIED), born at Li'ibeji'in, between KOthen
tzikau, leader of the Tartars. Cherubini's and Halle, Nov. 30, 1790, died at Kiel, April
success iu Paris dates from this opera, 20, 1809. The twelfth and youngest child
;
LOEWE
of a ciiutor and schoolmaster, from whom which occurred after a second trance. His
he received his first musical instraction. heart was buried near his organ in St. Ja-
In 1809 he entered cobus at Stettin. Loewe was a voluminous
the gymnasium of composer. Among his oratorios the best
the Franke Institu- known are Die ZerstOrung von Jerusalem
tion at Halle, where and Die sieben Schliifer. His Die Apostel
ho studied composi- von Philippi (for voices without orchestra)
tion under Tiirk, an has been considered a model of style. He
a n n u i t y of three was less successful on the stage, his opera
hundred thalcrs, Die drei Wiinsche, given at Berlin in 1834
given him by King under Spontini's direction, being about his
Jerome, allowing only work in this form that made much
him to devote his mark. But his high reputation rests chiefly
time to music. When the war of 1812- on his ballads, of which he wrote a great
13 broke out, the flight of King Jei'ome number. After Zumsteeg, whose mantle
left Loewe without any income, but on may be said to have fallen upon his shoul-
the recommendation of Niermeyer (chancel- ders, he was the ballad writer par excellence
lor of the Gymnasium) he obtained admis- of Germany. His power of expression and
sion to the University of Halle as theologi- of musical characterization was unique.
cal student under Michaelis. TUrk died in He w-as a tolerable pianist and an excellent
1814, but his successor, Naue, emulating singer he and his second wife (Auguste
;
the example of Zelter at Berlin, founded a Lange, of KOnigsberg) used often to sing
Singakadcmie, which Loewe joined, thus together in his oratorios.
making the acquaintance of Julie von Jacob,
Works I. Oratorios and cantatas Die :
whom he afterwards married (Sept. 7, 1821). Festzeiten Die ZersUJrung von Jerusalem,
;
His first ballads date from the year 1818. Stettin, 1829 Die siehcn Schliifer, 1833
; ;
During the next two years he visited Dres- Die eherne Schlange, for unaccompanied
den, Weimar, and Jena, making the ac- voices, Jena, 1834 Die Apostel von Philippi, ;
quaintance of von Weber, Hummel, and id., ib., 1835 Gutenberg, Mainz, 1830
;
Goethe. In 1820 he went on invitation to Pdcslrina (MS.), 1841 Johann Eass, Ber- ;
Stettin, where, after passing a rigorous ex- lin, 1842 Hioh, ]\IS., 1848
; Der Meidcr ;
amination, he was installed professor at the von Avis (JIS.) Das S'ihnopfer das neuen ;
gymnasium and seminary, and cantor. Bundes QilS.) Das ho)ie Lied Salomonis ;
Next year he was made Musikdirektor to (MH.) Poliis von Atella (MS.) Die Heilung
; ;
the municipality, and organist at the St. dcs Blindgeborenen, for unaccompanied
Jacobuskirche. He made a good rcjiuta- voices, 18C1 Johannes dor Tilufer (MS.),
;
tion in the exercise of these functions, and id., 18G2 Die Auferweckung des Laz-
;
in 1837 was elected member of the Akade- arus, id., 1803 Der Segen von Assisi, un-
;
mie at Berlin. He travelled a good deal, finished Die ersto Walpurgisnacht, ballad
;
visiting Hamburg, Liibeck, Bremen, Diis- by Goethe, for solos, chorus, and orchestra,
seldorf, and Mainz (for the Gutenberg op. 25, Berlin, Schlesinger Cantatas for all ;
Commemoration) in 1837, Vienna in 184-4, church festivals, three years complete.

London in 1847, Sweden and Norway in H. Dramatic works Die Alpenhiitte, :
1851, and Paris in 1857. In 18G4 he fell operetta in one act Rudolph, der deutsche ;
into a trance which lasted six weeks, and HeiT, romantic ojiera in three acts, 1825 ;
in 1866 the Stettin authorities asked him Malek Adhel, tragic opera in three acts, not
to resign. He consequently left Stettin for performed, but given as concert music in
Kiel, where he remained until his death. Stettin, 1832 Die drei Wiinsche, opera,
;
4T6
;
LOGIEll
Borlin, Hofoper, 1834 ; Emmy, do., Berlin Selbstbiographie, ed. by Bitter (Berlin,
Neckereien, comic opern, Weimar Cho- 1870) ; ; Mas Runze, aus Loewe's
Bilder
ruses and entr'actes to Eanpacb's Tranmer- Leben (in Goldstein's Musikwelt, Nos. 24,
zilhlung ; Overture, choruses, and entr'actes 25, 2G, 28, 29, 4G, Berlin, 1881) ; do. in
to Raupach's Themisto. Saniml. mus. Vortriige, v. 325 N. Zeitschr. ;
in. Vocal chamber music 3 ballads by f. Mus., iii. 97, 101 Gumprecht, N. mus.
: ;
Herder, Uhland, and Goethe, op. 1, Berlin, Charakterbilder, 103 Wellmer, Mus. Skiz- ;
Schlesinger Das Gebet des Herrn, und die zen u. Studicn Allgem. d. Biogr., xix. 300.
; ;
Einsetzungsworte des heiligeu Abcndmahls, LOGIER, JOHANN BEENHARD, born

op. 2, Halle, Kummel ; 3 ballads hy Ki'ir- in Cassel, Feb. 9,
ner. Herder, and Willibald Alexis, ib. 3 do. 1777, died near Dub- ;
by Herder and Uhland, op. 3, ib. G songs lin, July 27, 1846. ;
by Byron (to Theremin's translation), op. 4, He went to England

ib. Other ballads, separate or in collec- when about ten years
;
tions, op. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, IG, 17, old, entered a mili-
20, 21, 23, 29, ib. ; G songs for 4 or 5 male tary band as flutist,
voices, op. 19, Berlin, accompanied

Wagenfiihr ; 5 sacred a u d
4-part songs for male voices, op. 22. the regiment to Ire-
rV. Instrumental works 3 string quar- land in 1796 he
: ;
tets, op. 24, Berlin, Wagenfiihr Sacred was o c c VI p i e d in ;
quartet, op. 2G, ib., Trautwein Grand trio teaching the pianoforte and instructing
;
for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, op. military bands later became organist at ;
12 Grand duo for pianoforte for 4 hands, Westport, Ireland. He there invented the
;
op. IS, ib. Grand sonata in E, for piano- chiroplast, a machine for forming a correct
;
forte, op. 16, ib., Wagenfiihr Fantasie for position of the hands in pianoforte playing,
;
do., op. 11, ib. Mazepiâ, musical poem and also a new method of instruction, in
;
after Byron, for do., op. 27 Elegische So- which he made several pupils play at the
;
nate for do., ib. Der mitleidige Bruder, same time, on as many pianofortes. He then
;
musical poem for do., op. 28, ib. Sympho- lived in Dublin, and afterwai'ds iu Lon-
;
nies, overtures, pianoforte concertos, etc., don invited by the Prussian government ;
in MS. to teach his system, he spent three years in

V. Literary works Gcsanglehre, prak- Berlin for that purpose, and after his return,
:
tisch und theoretisch fiir Gynmasie'n, Se- in 182G, settled at Dublin. The system ex-
minarien und Biirgerschu- cited great discussion, and was used in
len entworfen (Stettin, many German cities and in the Conserva-
182G 2d ed., enlarged toire of Paris. Works Concerto for joiano-
;
and corrected, Berlin, Lo- forte

C^ci/J^
Sonatas and other pianoforte music ;
:
gier, 1828 3d ed., Stettin, 1834) Mus- Trios with Hate and violoncello Ode on
; ; ;
ikalischer Gottesdienst, me-

thodische Anweisung zum
Kirchengesango und Orgel-
spiel, etc. (Stettin, 1851, 4
editions) ; Commentar zum

zweiten Theile des Goethe-
'schen Faust (Berlin, 1834).
Ambros, Culturhistorischo
Bilder, 97 Rcissmann, Geschichte des the fiftieth year of the reign of George HI.,
;
deutschen Liedes, 2CG-2G9 Karl Loewe's 1809 A Complete Introduction to the

; ;
477
:
LOGrvOSCIXO
Keyed Bugle. He was author also of an night dates the success of the Wagner
explauatiou and description of the royal movement in German}'. The scene of the
patent chiroplast or hand-director for piano- opera is laid in Antwerp, in the first half of
forte (181G) ; The First Companion to the the tenth century. In a meadow on the
Eoyal Patent Chiroplast Logier's Practical ;
Thorough-bass (1819) System der Musik- ;
wissenschaft iind der musikalischen Kom-

position (1827), and other minor works on
the same subject.
Allgem. d. Biogr., xix.
110 ; Mendel ; Fetis ; Grove ; Riemann ;
Schilling Supplement, 280.

; do.,
LOGROSCINO, NICCOLc"), born in Na-
ples about 1700, died there in 1703. Dra-
matic composer became in 1747 professor
;
of counterpoint at the Couservatorio dei

Figliuoli Dispei'si. He stood first in the
composition of opera buffa until the appear-
ance of Piccinni, and introduced the finali
with great effect into his works. Works
Operas : II governatore, Naples, about 1740 ;
II vecchio marito Tanto bene, tanto male

; ;
La Violante, Naples, 1741 La cimetella ;
correvata, ib., 1744 Li zite in galera, Don ;
Paduano, ib., 174.'j La costanza, ib., 1747 ; ;
Li dispietti d' amore (with others), ib., 1748 ;
La finta Frascatana, ib., 1750 Giunio ;
Bruto, ib., about 1750 Lo cicisbeo, ib., ;
1751 La Griselda, ib., 1752 Elinira ge-

; ;
nerosa, with others, ib., 1753 Le Chiajese ;
cantarine, ib., 1754 Rosmonda, ib., 1755, ;

Emil Goetz, as Lohengrin.
with others. Fetis
do., Supplement, ii. ;
121 Mendel Riemann.

; ; banks of the Scheldt, Heinrieh der Yogler
LOHENGRIN, romantic opera in three (Henry the Fowler), King of German}', as-
acts, text and music by Richard Waguer, sembles his Brabant vassals to ask their aid
first represented at Weimar, Aug. 28, 1850, in driving out the Hungarians, who had
with the following cast then (i)2C) advanced into the middle of Sax-
ony. He finds Brabant without a ruler and
Lohengrin (T.) Hcrr Beck.
in confusion. Gottfried, son of the late
Teh-amuud (Bar.) Herr Milde.
Duke, has disappeared, and Friedrich von
Konig Heinrieh (B.) Herr HOfer.
Telramund, husband of Ortrud, daughter
Elsa von Brabant (S.) Frk Agthe.
of the Prince of Friesland, charges Elsa,
Ortrud (S.) Frl. Faisstlinger.
and claims
Gottfried's sister, with his death
The date chosen for the first performance the duchy and the estates. Elsa, summoned
was the anniversary of the birthday of before the King to submit her cause to the
Goethe and the day of the inauguration of ordeal of the trial by battle, describes a
the statue to Herder. Liszt, who conducted, knight she has seen in a vision and names
had invited musical and literary friends him as her champion. The arena is formed,
from all parts of Europe, and from that the trumpets sound, and all await the uu-
6
LOIIEXGrJK
known knight. At List a boat drawn by a peaches Elsa, " Zum Sterben kam der Her-
swan is seen approaching on the Scheldt, zog von Brabant " Elsa's relation of her
;
and, to the wonder

of the people, Lohen- vision of the knight, "Einsani in triiben
grin lands, and recognized by Elsa as Tagen;" Lohengrin's farewell to the swan,
is
the subject of her dream. Before Lohen- " Nun sei gedankt, meiu lieber Schwan " ;
grin enters the lists, Elsa promises to be his injunction to Elsa before the combat,
his wife and never to ask his name nor "Nie sollst du mich befragen " and the ;
whence he came. Lohengrin overcomes prayer of King Heiurich, "Meiu Herr und
Telramund but spares his life, and he and Gott, nun ruf ich Dich." In the second act
Elsa are carried off in triumph. In the are The scene between Telramund and
:
second act Telramund and Ortrad are seen Ortrud, " Erhebe dich, Genossin meiner
in despair on the steps of the cathedral in Sehmach " Elsa's love-song from the bal-
;
"
which the wedding of Elsa and Lohengrin cony, "Euch Liiften, die mein Klagen ;
is to take place. As the procession enters, and the bridal-procession music. In the
Elsa, moved by Ortrud's entreaties, prom- third act are The bridal song of Elsa's
:
ises to secure a reprieve for Telramund attendants, " Treulich gefiihrt, ziehet da-
;
from the sentence imposed upon him, and hin " The great love scene Lohengrin's ;
Ortrud repays her by instilling into her scene in which he reveals his identity with
mind suspicious of Lohengrin, whom Tel- the son of Parzival, " In fernem Land, uu-
ramund also denounces for sorcery but ;
the King believes in the Knight of the Swan,

and the union takes place. The scene of
the third act is the bridal chamber. Tel-
ramund, with four of his followers, rushes
in to assassinate Lohengrin, but is struck
down by the hero. Elsa, notwithstanding
her promise, asks the fatal question, and
Lohengrin reveals that he is the son of
Parzival, Knight of the Holy Grail, and,
since thisis known, must return to his
guardianship. His swan reappears, and he

bids Elsa an eternal farewell ; but as he is
about to leave, Ortrud declares the swan to

be the lost Gottfried. Lohengrin releases
him from the enchantment, a white dove
takes the place of the swan, and Lohengrin
sails away, leaving Elsa to die in her
brother's arms. The text of Lohengrin ^m
was written in 184.5. The storj' is founded
chiefly on the Ai'thurian legend of the Holy
Grail, mingled with the German legend of
the Knight and the Swan-boat, the version
of "Wolfram von Eschenbach being followed
pretty closely in both. The music was nahbar euren Sehritten " and his farewell,
;
begun in Paris, continued in Dresden, and "O Elsa! uur eiu Jahr an deiner Seite."
finished in Switzerland in 1849. Among Lohengrin was given at Wiesbaden in 1853 ;
the noteworthy portions of the first act Leipsic, Schwerin, Frankfort, Darmstadt,
are : Telramund's scene in which he im- Breslau, and Stettin in 1854 Cologne,
;
479
; ;;
LOHLE
Hamburg, Riga, and Prague iu 1855 ; Mu- which expanded into a Conservatorium.
nich and Vienna in 1858 Berlin and Dres- Works 24 masses for 4 voice.s, with organ
; :
;
den in 1859 New York, in Italian, 1874, 24 sacred songs Choruses and quartets for
; ;
in German, Dec. 3, 1884 in London, in men's voices

;
24 school songs 30 part- ; ;
Italian,Coveut Garden, May 8, 1875, Drui-y songs for 4-5 voices. He published jVll-
Lane, June 12, 1875 in Paris, May 3,
; gemeine Anleitung zu einer Elementar-Mu-
1887. Published, full and ijianoforte scores, sikschule.
Fetis Mendel. ;
Breitkopf & Hartel (Leipsic, 1852). Wag- LOHNEE, JOHANN, born iu Nurem-
ner, Gesammelte Scbriften, ix. 341 Liszt, ; berg, Dec. 21, 1645, died there, April 2,
Gesammelte Scbriften, vol. iii., part ii., Gl 1705. Organist and pianist, pupil of
Joachim Eafl' Die Wagnerfrage Ililckert, Wecker, his brother-in-law. He appeared
;
Lohengrin Carl Nubring, Wagner's Lo- as a pianist in Vienna, Salzburg, and Leip-
;
hengrin und die BerUner Kritik, etc. sic, and settled in Nuremberg as organist, ;
Franz Miiller, Lohengrin und die Gral- first at the Church of Our Lad}', then in that
imd Schwauensage Wolzogen, Lohengrin of the Holy Ghost, and finally at St. Lo-
; ;
Kastner, Wagner-Catalog, 27 Pobl, Wag- renz. Works 12 arias for voice and 2 vio-
; :
ner, 59 Jullien, Wagner, 84

; Glaseuapp, hns (1680) Auserlesene Kirchen-und Tafel-
; ;
Eiehard Wagner's Lebeu und Wirkou, i. Musik (1682) 44 Arieu aus der Opera von ;
301 Hueffer, Music of the Future, 109

;
Theseus (1688); Chr. Ad. Negeleius alte ;
Edwards, The Lyrical Drama, i. 228 Zious-Harfe iu Melodieugebracht (1693) ;
Scburi', Le Drame musical (1886), ii. 87 Trauungslust oder Erdenfreude (1697) ; ;
Neue Zeits., xsxiii. 107, 115, 118, 13G, 151, Suavissimjc canonum musicalium deliciic, 3,
162 xxxvi. 37 xxxviii. 48 xl. 27 1. 89, 4, 5-8 voc. (1700). Fetis Gerber Men-
; ; ; ; ; ;
109 Mus. Wocheublatt (1870), 660 (1872) del Schilling.

; ; ;
9, 23; (1873), 216, 240, 270; (1875), 45; LOLLI (LoUy), ANTONIO, born at Ber-
Bayreutber Blatter (1886), 213 Athenroum gamo about 1730, died iu Sicily in 1802.
;
(1873), i. 287 ; (1875), i. 6G3, 827 ; Upton, Violin virtuoso, Couzertmeister at Stuttgart
Standard Operas, 261. in 1762-73 then went to St Petersburg,
;
LOHLE, FR.\NZ XAVER, Wie- where he was a favourite of the Empress

born at
sensteig, Wiirtemberg, Dec. 3, 1792, died Catharine II., remaining until 1778. In
at Munich, Jan. 29, 1837. Dramatic singer 1779 he a^fpearcd in Paris, then in Spain,
and vocal composer, jiupil of his father, who and in 1785 iu London, and later iu Den-
was choirmaster in the chapter convent at mark and Italy. He was a jDerformer with
Wiesensteig. He began to sing iu the choir extraordinary skill, but decidedly unmusical,
at the age of six, continued his studies at and was unable to read correctly, keep time,
Aug.sburg, under Witschka, and from 1803 or play with proper expression. Works :
lived in Munich, as chorister in the semi- Sonatas and concertos for violin. Grove ;
nary and solo contralto in the court cbajjel. Burnej', Hist., iv. 680 Kiemann Fetis ; ;
The King of Wiuiemberg took care of bis Mendel Schilling Gerber Wasielew.ski, ; ; ;
further education, under Kapellmeister Die Violine, 131 Hart, The Violin, 228 ; ;
Danzi and the tenor Krebs at Stuttgart, in Dubourg, The Violin, 86.
1807-9, and made him a member of the LOMAGNE, JOSEPH, born at Perpi-
court stage, which he left after his benefac- gnan iu 1804, died there iu 1SG8. Violinist,
tor's death, in 1816, for an ajipoiutment at pupil of Coste, maitre de chapelle of the
the royal theatre in Hanover. He returned Cathedral of Perjjignan, then of Kreutzer
to Stuttgart iu 1818, then lived in Munich at the Paris Conservatoire. After having
as first tenor in 1819-33, when he became been solo violin at the theatres of Nimes and
director of the Central Singing School, Bordeaux, he returned to his native city to
480
.i,^-'--
;
;
LOME A EDI
teach, and in 1842 founded a Conservatoire, still living, 1880. Dramatic composer, pu-
of which he was the director to the end of pil of Pixis on the pianoforte, of Carini iu
his life. Works La Maronite, opera harmony, and of Pietro Eaimondi in coun-
:
Mass for three voices Stabat Mater, with terpoint settled, at the age of sixteen, at
; ;
soh and choruses Psalms, vespers, canti- Naples, where he established a school of
;
cles, etc. Trios and quartets for strings singing which produced many distinguished
;
Fautaisies and airs varies for violin Col- artists. In 1857 he became director of the
;
lection of etudes for do. Fetis, Supple- Scuola di Perfezioue iu the Albergo de'
ment, ii. 121. Poveri, and later of the Society of Scientists,
LOMBARD: ALLA PEIJIA CROCIATA, Litterati,and Artists. Works Operas La :
I (The Lombards iu the First Crusade), sartiua e V usuraio, given at Naples, Teatro
Italian opera in four acts, text by Solera, Nuovo, 1853 Lo spaccalegua, ib., Teatro
;
music by Verdi, first represented at La del Fondo, 18G0 L' albergo dell' allegria,
;
Scala, Milan, Feb. 11, 1843. The subject, ib., Teatro San Carlo, 1864 Lida La zia ; ;
derived from a poem by Grossi, deals with Teresa, operetta, given at Palermo, Teatro
the Lombards and is full
iu the Crusades, San Ferdinando ; Quattro mariti e due
of assassinationsand violent scenes. It was moglie, ib. Ho published also two didactic
not very successful, and Verdi rearranged works on the art of singing. Fetis, Sup-
most of the music for Jerusalem. The plement, ii. 122.
opera was given iu Berlin in September, LONGHUEST, WILLIAM HENEY,
1843; at Her Majesty's, London, March 13, born in London, Oct,
1846 in New York, March 3, 1847
;
and ;
C, 1810, still living,
at the Theatre Italieu, Paris, Jan. 10, 18G3. 1889. Orgauist and
Clement et Larousse, 408 ; Allgem. mus. church composer, pu-
Zeitg., slvii. 778. pil, while chorister
LOMBAEDI, CilACOJMO, born
Canterbury Ca- iu Parma, iu
Italy, iu 1810, died iu Naples, April, 1877. thedral, of High-
Dramatic singer and compose!', fiupil at the more Skeats, later of
Naples Conservatorio of Francesco Lanza on Stephen Elvey and
the pianoforte, Nozzari in singing, and of T h o m a s E vauce
Zingarelli and Eaimondi in composition. Jones. He was ap-
Iu 1828 he became first tenor at the Teatro lôinted assistant organist of the cathedral
Fenice iu Naples, and, after singing in other iu 183C, and iu 1873 succeeded Jones as
Italian cities, went back to Naples, to sing organist and master of the choristers. In
iu the theatres managed by the impresario 1875 he received the doctor's degree.
Barbaja, but soon left the stage and settled Works David and Absalom, oratorio :
in Naples to teach singing. Ho founded a (MS.) The Village Fair, an Alpine Idyl, ;
singing society, conducted for a few years cantata for female voices Anthems Ser- ; ;
the theatre at Lecce, and then returned vices Secular vocal music. Grove. ;

definitely to Naples, resuming his former LONGO, GIACOMO, born at Faro, near
occupation.
Works Ojêras II capitauo Messina, Feb. 15, 1833, still living, 1889.
:
ed il tutore, Malta II primo navigatore, il)., Dramatic composer, pupil at Messina of

;
1829 Elfrida, Lecce, 1853. 23 masses, alia Paolo Abbagnato and of Mario Aspa, whose
;
Palestrina, or with orchestra Church mu- favourite scholar he became. In 1860 he

;
sic ; Pianoforte pieces ;

Fetis, Sup- joined Garibaldi's troops as a volunteer,
Songs.
plement, ii. 122 ; Meudel, Erganz., 24G. and took part in the bloody encounter
LOMBARDINI, (GIUSEPPE LOM- at Milazzo. Having afterwards travelled
BAEDO), called, boru at Palermo iu 1820, through Italy, he settled at Messiua, where
:
LOPEZ
he fouiulcJ ILe first school for choral sing- death (1847). The parts completed are I. :
ing, and iu 1871 became maestro di cappella Finale to Act I., where the heroine, stand-
of the Teatro Vittorio Emanuele. Works ing on the Loreley cliff (Lurleifels), invokes
Ezzeliuo III., ojiera, given at Messina, 1859 ;
the Spirits of the Rhine, first given in
Cantatas, and overtures for various uumi- Leipsic and at the Birmingham Festival
cipal festive occasions.
Futis, Supplement, (England), in an English adaptation by Bar-
ii. 123. tholomew, Sept. 8, 1852. It is frequently
LOPEZ (Lobo), DUARTE (Latin, Edu- given as concert music iu Germany. Pub-
ardus Lupus), born, jirobably at Evora, Por- lished as op. 98, No. 27, of Mendelssohn's
tugal, iu the latter half of the IGth ceutui-y, posthumous works. H
Ave !Maria, Scene 3,
died in Lisbon at the age of 103 years. for soprano solo and female chorus, given iu
Church composer and didactic writer, pupil London in 1800, published by Breitkopf k
of Manoel Mendes, mestre de capella at Hilrtel ( Leipsic, 1808) HI. Winzerchor ;
the Hospital Real, and, about 1600, at the (Vintagers' Chorus), Scene 4 (ib., 1871).
Cathedral of Lisbon about half a century These three numbers were edited by Julius
;
later,ho was appointed rector of the Semi- Rietz, and published by Breitkopf & Hiir-
nario Patriarcal. He formed many prom- tel, Mendelssohn Werke, Serie 15, No. 123.
inent artists and comjiosers. Works : Offi- Athenrcum (1852), 611, 976.
ciuin defunctorum (choraliter) LORELEI, romantic opera iu four acts,
(1G03) ; 3
books of Magnificats for 4 voices (1(505, test by Emanuel Geibel, music by Max
1011) Liber processiouum et stationum Bruch, op. 16, first represented at ]\Iann-
;
ecclesire Olyssiponensis (1607) Book of heim, June 14, 1803 entirely remodelled
; ;
masses for 4-8, and one for 4-G voices and given at Leipsic, Sept. 9, 1887. The
(1621, 1639) Masses for 8 and more voices text, which is the same as that of the pre-
;
(ÎS.) Psalms, antiphons, motets, and other ceding, was given to Bruch after Mendels-
;
church music. He published also Opuscula sohn's death. Published by F. E. C. Leuc-

musica (Antwerp, 1602). Fetis Gerber; kart (Breslau, 1804). Allgem. mus. Zeitg.
;
Mendel Riemann Schilling Vasconcellos. (1864), 057, 073, 095 Siguale (1887), 785
; ; ; ; ;
LORD, BOW THINE EAR. See llerr, Neue Zeitg. fiir Mus. (1887), 425.
hore unser Gebet. LORELEY, DIE, German opera in four
LORD GOD OF ABRAHA]\I. See Ilcrr acts, test by Otto Roquette, music by Emil
Gott Abrahams. Naumann, first rein-esented at the Kijnig-
LORD OF THE MANOR, opera, text by Hches Opernhaus, Berlin, k\)i\\ 9, 1889.
General John Burgoyne, music by William Frau Sucher appeared iu the title-role, and
Jackson (of Exeter), first represented at Herr KothmUhl as Graf Reginald. The
Drury Lane, Dec. 27, 1780, with great suc- last act and part of the thii'd, which were
cess, and kept possession of the stage for left unfinished by Naumann, were scored
more than fifty years. Mrs. Crouch made by Albert Dietrich, of Oldenburg. Signale

her debut in this opera. Hogarth, ii. 437. (1889), 471.
LORELEI, cantata, for soli, chorus, and LORELY, Finnish opera, music by Fried-
orchestra, text by Wolfgang Miiller von rich Pacius, represented at the Alexandra
KOnigswinter, music by Ferdinand HiUer, Theatre, Helsingfors, April, 1887. Same
op. 75. Published by Kistner (Leipsic, be- title, opera, text and music by Otto Fiebacli,

tween 1852-59). Hanslick, Coucertwesen first represented in Dantzic, April 1, 1880.
in Wien, ii. 234. Same title, Danish opera in three acts, text
LORELEI, romantic opera in four acts, and music by Bartholdj', first represented
test by Emanuel Geibel, music left unfin- in Copenhagen, Oct. 26, 1887. Siguale
ished by Mendelssohn at the time of his (1887), 1095.
; :
LORENZ
LORENZ, (KARL) ADOLF, born at Cos- (Rome, 1G90) ; Psalms for 4 choruses (MS.).
lin, Pomenxuia, Aug. 13, 1837, still living, Fetis Mendel Schilhng. ; ;
1889. Instrumental composer and writer LORENZINI, RAIMONDO, born in

on music, pupil of Musikdirektor Triest in Rome, first half of the 18th century, died
Stettin on the pianoforte, in harmony, and there, May, 180G. Organist and church
counterpoint, and while at the university in composer ; appointed, in 1751, organist at
Berlin of Dehn M. Maggiore, Rome, and
in counterpoint, of Fried- the church of S.
rich Kiel on the pianoforte and in comiôsi-maestro di cappella. Works in 1786
tion, and of Kapellmeister Giihrich in in- Requiem for 4 and 8 voices 4 motets for ;
strumentation. After attaining the doctor's 3-4 voices O quam suavis, motet for 4 ;
degree he remained in Berlin till 18GJ:, voices Tantum ergo, for soprano and alto ; ;
teaching was then called to Strasburg, to Salve Regina, for soprano, alto, chorus, and
;
conduct the music societj^, and in 18GG be- orchestra 11 sonatas for pianoforte 6 di- ; ;
came director of the town music at Stettin, vertissements for pianoforte and 2 violins ;
where he is also organist at the St. Jacobi- 6 notturnos for 2 clarinets, 2 horns, bassoon,
kirche,music instructor at the Gymnasium, and serpent. Fetis; Mendel; Schilling.
and critic for the opera. Works Operas
LORENZITI, ANTONIO, born at "^The :
Die Irrungen Die Namcnlose Ingo.

; Otto Hague in 1740, died at Nancy, Lorraine,
;
der Grosse, oratorio Stabat Mater Mo- probably after 1783. Instrumental com-
; ;
tets ; Symphony ; Festival overture ; Octet poser, pupil of his father, a musician in the
for strings ; Trios for pianoforte and strings ;
service of the Prince of Orange at The
Fugue-concerto for 2 pianofortes Sonatas Hague later jjupil of Locatelli on the vio-
; ;
and other pianoforte music Festival songs lin. He was appointed maitre de chapelle
; ;
Part-songs, and songs.

Mendel; Riemann. at the Cathedral of Nancy in 1767. Works :
LORENZ, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, born 6 synqihonies ; Trios for violin, alto, and
at Chemnitz, Saxony, February, 17!)('), died(?) bass G trios for 2 violins and bass G ; ;
Virtuoso on the bassoon, chamber musician duos for violin and viola About 40 quartets ;
of the royal orchestra in Dresden. Works for 2 violins, viola, and bass G duos concer- ;
;
Variations for violin ; Adagio et rondo, for tants for violins. Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel ;
2 violins ; Themes ezakan Schilling.varies for

Marche variee for guitar and ezakan 6 so- LORENZITI, born at ;
BERNARDO,
natas for harp and violin Collection of Kirchheim, Wiirtemberg, about 1764, died
;
pieces for harp Sonata for harp Theme after 1813. Violinist, brother and pupil of
; ;
varie, for do. Songs. Fetis ;

Mendel Antonio Loreuziti. After completing his
; ;
Schilling. studies at Nancy he joined the Opera or-

LORENZANI, PAOLO, born in Rome in chestra in Paris as second violinist in 1787,
1G40, died there, Oct. 29, 1713. Church and was pensioned in 1813. Works 3 :
composer, pupil of Orazio Benevoli, first concertos for violin and orchestra Concerto ;
maestro di cappella at the Jesuits' Church in for viola and orchestra 3 trios for violin, ;
Rome, then at the Cathedral of Messina. viola, and bass 12 variations for 2 violins ;
He went to Paris, where his motets, per- and bass 11 works of duos for violins 10
; ;
formed by Italian singers, found great fa- works of etudes, caprices, and airs varies
vour with Louis XIV., returned to Ital}' for violin Duos and airs varies for violin
;
about 1679, lived a few years in Naples, and and flute Method for violin. Fetis Ger-
; ;
then in Rome, succeeding Beretta as papal ber Mendel Schilling.

; ;
maestro di cappella at St. Peter's in 1G90. LORET, CLEMENT, born at Termonde,

Works Collection of motets for 4 voices
: Belgium, in 1833, still living, 1889. Or-
(Paris, 1679) Magnificats for 2 choruses
; ganist, pupil of his father, and of Denefve
483
LORETZ
at Mons iu184G stmlied counterpoint un- joined the Court Theatre company of Det-
;
der Ft'tis and organ under Lemmens at the mold in 182G as actor, and was tenor at
Brussels Conservatoire in lSol-53. In the Leipsic Stadt-
1855 lie went to Paris, and became organ- theaterin 1833-44.
ist successively at the Pantheon, Suresues, the most successful
and at Notre Dame des Victoires in 1857 ; period of his life.
he was appointed professor in Niedermej'- He became Kapell-

er's school of sacred music, and about the meister of the Leip-
same time organist at Saint-Louis d'Antin. sic theatre iu 1844,
Works : Exercices d'orgue (1859) ;
2-1 but gave up the
t'tudes for organ ; 50 pieces d'orgue jiour place the following
messes et vrpres ; L'offiee diviu Metliode
; year, and then
comj)U'te pour orgue Le Calvaire, ora- ; earned a precarious
torio Mass, with orchestra, or organ
; living by appearing
;
Symphony Pianoforte concerto Motets

; in different places
; ;

Organ and pianoforte music. Fetis, Sup- as an actor or as conductor of his own
plement, ii. 125 Mendel, Ergiinz., 248.
; operas. He was made Kapellmeister of the
LORETZ, JOHN M., born at Miihlhausen, new Friedrich-Wilhelmstiidtisches Theater
Alsace, in 18i0, still living, 1889. Pianist, in 1850, where he had to conduct farces
organist, and dramatic composer taken and the most trivial music. To atone for
;
while a child to the United States, but re- the shameful neglect and poverty he en-
turned in 1857 and studied at the Paris dui-ed, a splendid funeral was given him,
Conservatoire under Laui-ent, Marmontel, and a subscription was raised for his fam-
Reber, and others. Returning to the United ily. He was one of the best writers of
States, he made his debut as a pianist, in comic opera, and his abundant humour and
1 8G0, at the Brooklj-n Philharmonic Society. natural flow of melody will long make his
He has been organist of several churches iu works popular, though they sometimes show
Brooklyn, conductor at the Park Tlieatre, the want of better training. Works Ojieras
New York, and bandmaster in the United and operettas ..l/i'Pascha von Janina, given ;
States Navy. "Works The Pearl of Bagdad, iu Cologne, 1824 Der Pole und sein Kind,
: ;
opera, given in the Brooklyn Lyceum, 1872 Scene aus Mozart's Leben, 1832 Die beiden;
;
Ivanhoe, do. (]\[S.); Symphonic overtures Schiitzen, Leipsic, 1837 Cznr und Zimmer-
; ;
Masses Episcopal Church services Sona- mann, ib., 1837

; Die Scliatzkammer dcs
; ;
tas, and other music for pianoforte. Fetis,

Inka (1838, never performed) Caramo, oder ;
Supplement, ii. 12G. das Fischerstechen, ib., 1839 Ifans Sach.s, ;
LORTZING, (GUSTAY) ALBERT, born ib., 1840 Casanova, ib., 1841 Der n7/(/- ; ;
in Berlin, Oct. 23, 1803, died there, Jan. .sc/uMz, oder die Stimme der Natur, ib..
21, 1851. Dramatic com-
Rungen-
04 êA^ ^^W^f
poser, pupil of
hagen, but as his parents
were actors and travelled
much, he had to appear on
the stage and to rely chiefly
upon himself in developing
into a good ijianoforte, vio-
lin, and violoncello player.
In 1823 he married an actress and next 1843 Undine, Hamburg, 1845 Der Waf- 1
; ;
year wrote his first opera in Cologne. Ke] fenschmied zu Worms, Vienna, 184C; Zum
484
LOSCIIIIORN
Grossadmiral, Leipsic, 18-47 Regina (1848, sposa di Berengario (A.) Llelberto, figlio
; ;
never perfonued) Roland's Kiiappen, Loip- di

; Berengario, ed amante di Adelaide (A.) ;
sic, 1849 Die Openiprobe, 1850 Eine Ber- and Clodomiro, capitano di Berengario (B.).
; ;
liner Grisette, farce Der Weilmachtsabeud, The MS. in Buckingham Palace is dated, at
;
vaudeville Music to Benedix's drama, Drei the end, Nov. 1(5, 1729. The tenor, sung
;
Edelsteine Die Himmelfahrt Christi, ora- first by Fabri, is the chief solo part, which
;
torio Festival and other overtures

;
]\Iany was then an innovation, the hero of ojiera ;
songs, unpublished.
Diiringer, A. Lortzing, having previously been assigned to a so-
sein Leben und Wirkeu (Loipsie, 1851) jn-ano. It was given ten times during ;
Allgem. d. Biogr., xix. 203 Neumann, Die Hiindel's life. Given in Handiurg inider
;
Componisten der neueren Zeit, vi. (Cassel, the title of Judith, with recitatives by Tele-
1854) Fetis Riehl, Mus. Cliarakterkopfe, mann, Nov. 27, 1732.
; ;
Published by Cluer
i. 275. (London, 1729) Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leip- ;
LOSCHHORN, ALBERT, 1879). Chrysander, ii. 235. born in Ber- sic,

lin, June 27, 1819, still living, 1889. Pian- LOTT, EDWIN MATTHEW, born at
ist, pupil of Ludwig Berger in 1837-39 St. Heller's, Jersey, Jan. 31, 183(5, still living, ;
later, at the Royal Institute for Church Mu- 1889. Organist and vocal composer, pupil
sic of Grell, A. AV. Bach, and of Killitschgy, of W. T. Best, in 1851-52. He was organ-
whom he succeeded there as inist of St. Matthew's, Jersey, in 184(5, of St.
iu 1851
structor of pianoforte iu 1858 he was ap- Saviour's, St. Luke's, and St. Mark's in 1848-
;
pointed professor. With Adolph and Julius (50, of St. Clement Danes, Strand, Loudon,
Stahlknecht be established in 1847 a series iu 18(50, of St. Peter's, Bayswater, in 18G3,
of trio-soirees, and iu 1853 the three made and of Christ Church, Kensington, in 1864.
a concert tour in Russia Avith great success. In 18G5 he founded a college of organists,
Works Etudes Sonatas Suites
: Quar- and became professor of music in Victoria
; ; ;
tets for pianoforte and strings Concert College, Jersey, in 18(57 was bandmaster of ;
pieces Nocturnes Waltzes, and other com- three regiments in Jersey and organist of
; ;
positions, iu all about 140 numbers. jNIen- St. Simon's, Jersey, and in 1869 of St. Hel-
del Fetis
; do.. Supplement, ii. 120; Rie- ler's parish church.
;
Returning to London,
mann, 534. was organist again at St. Peter's, Bayswater
LOSEL, JAN JIRf, Bohemian composer in 1870-79, of St. Ethelburga, Bisliopsgate,

of the first half of the 18th century. He in 1880, professor of composition and coun-
lived in Prague, about 1724-45, as Kapell- terpoint at Trinity College in 1879-80, and
meister to the Prince of Lowenstein. organist of St. Sepulchre's, London, in 1883.
Works Oratorios Die obsiegeude Liebe In 1885 be was made Mus. Doc. by Toronto
:
(iber die Gerechtigkeit, etc., given at Prague, University and in 1886 examiner for the
in the Church of St. Cajetan, 1724 Das same. Works Thus saith the Lord, the ;
:
bittere Leiden Jesu, ib., 172(5 ; Das be- heaven is my throne, cantata ; Services ; Te
weinte Grab des Heilands, 1745. Fetis ;
Deum ; Anthems, and other church music ;
Mendel. Orchestral selections ; String quartet ; Part-

LOTARIO, Italian opera in three acts, song, for 5 -voices ; Organ music, and over
text founded on a libretto by Matteo Noris, 300 pianoforte pieces Songs. He pub- ;
music by Handel, first represented at the lished A Pianoforte Catechism (London,

King's Theatre, London, Dec. 2, 1729. Char- 1879) ; Harmony (ib.) ;
Dictionary of Mu-
acters represented Adelaide, Regina d' I- : sical Terms (ib.).
talia (S.) Lotario, Re di Germauia, ed

;
LOTTA D' ALCIDE CON ACHELOS, LA
amante di Adelaide (C); Berengario, gia (The Combat of Hercules with Achelous), di-
Duca di Spoleto, Re d' Italia (T.) ; Matilde, vertimento drammatico in one act, text prob-
4S5
;
LOTTCIIEN
ably by Mauro, music by Steffimi, supposed Dresden was great, but although he got an
to have been first represented at tlie Sum- extension of his leave of absence from the
mer Theatre, Herrenbausen, in 1G89. Han- Procuratori of S. Marco, he was obliged to
del drew bis Angels ever bright and fair return to Venice in 1719 or resign his post.
from this work. After his return he composed entirely for
LOTTCHEN AIM HOFE (Charlotte at the church and chamber. He died of a
Court), Singspiel in three acts, text by Chr. long and painful dropsy, and was buried in
Fr. Weisse, music by Johann Adam Hiller, the Church of San Geminiauo, where his
first performed in Leipsic in 1769. This widow erected a monument to him. She
was an imitation of Bertoldo alia corte, an followed him in 1759, and was buried by
Italian comic opera by Ciampi. Arrange- his side. The monument was destroyed
ment for the pianoforte published by Breit- with the church in 1815. Lotti stood upon
kopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, ISil). the dividing line between the old, severe
LOTTI, ANTONIO, born, probably at school of counterpoint, and the more modern
Venice, about 1G6.5 or 1GG7, died there, Jan. school of Alessandro Scarlatti and Handel.
5, 1740. Son of Matteo Lotti, Kapellmeis- His music is noted especially for purity of
ter at the Court of Hanover, and pupil of style, grace, pathos, and expressive beauty.
Giovanni Legrenzi entered the Doge's He was so fearful of overloading the voices
;
chapel while a boj-, and in 1G87 joined the that he used only the organ as an accom-
Confrateruita Musicale di Santa Cecilia, paniment to his sacred music, and in his
and was appointed in lG8i) contraltist, with operas it is only in those scores written for
a salary of one hundred ducats. In 1690 Dresden that wind instruments are used in
he became deputy organist with a salary of the orchestra. Among his more famous
one hundred and thirty ducats, in 1692 pupils were Saratelli, Marcello, Alberti,
succeeded Pollarolo as second organist, and Bassani, Gasparini, and Galuppi. One of
in 170-1: succeeded Spada as first organist, his songs, " Pur dicesti," is stiU popular.
which post he held forty years, obtaining The i)lagiarism of his madrigal, "In una
pei'mission in 1732 to employ as substitute siepe ombrosa," by Bouoncini in 1731
his pupil Saratelli, afterwtu'ds his successor. caused the defeat of that composer in his
In 1733 the post of maestro di cappella be- famous rivalry with Handel. For the
coming vacant hy Biffi's death, Lotti was anonymous criticism of his madrigals in
elected in 1736 to succeed him after two the notorious " Lettera famigliare d' uu ac-
competitive examinations, in which his un- cademico filarmonico," see Blarcello.
successful rivals were Pollarolo, Porpora, Works L Operas Giustino, Venice,
:
and Giovanni Porta. His salary was four 1693 II trionfo deU' innocenza, ib., 1693
; ;
hundred ducats. IMeanwhile he composed First act of Tirsi (2d and 3d acts by Arios-
his famous Miserere, which superseded ti), ib., 1696; Achille placato, ib., 1707;
that by Legrenzi, and has been sung at S. Teuzzone, ib., Teatro di San Cassiano, 1707,
Marco on Maundy Thursday ever since. Bologna, 1711, and Mantua, 1719 Ama ;
He wrote also much church music with or- pill ehi men si crede, Venice, 1709 II ;
gan accompaniment, and, between 1693 and commando non inteso ed ubidito, ib., 1709
1717, seventeen operas. In 1717 he visited Sidonio, ib., Teatro di San Cassiano, 1709
Dresden on invitation of the Crown Prince Isaccio tiranno, ib., 1710 La forza del
;
of Saxony, with acompany of singers sangue, ib., 1711 II tradimento traditor

;
(Boschi, Personelli, and his own wife, born di se stesso, ib., Teatro di San Giovanni

Santa Stella, among them the joint salary Crisostomo, 1711 L' infedelta punita, ib.,
;
of husband and wife being about eight thou- 1712 ; Porsenna, Teatro di San Giovanni
ib.,
sand dollars). The success of his oiDeras in Crisostomo, 1712, Naples, Teatro San Bar-
4S0
; :
LOTTIN
tolomeo (with additions bj' Scarlatti), 1713 1786-89, later, in Paris, of Grasset. In ;
Irene Augusta, Venice, 1713 II Polidoro, 1805 he settled in his native town as first ;
ib., Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1714: violinist iu the theatre orchestra, and to
Foca Superbo, ib., 1715 Costautino (over- conduct the amateur concerts. Works
;
ture by Fux), Vienna, 171G ; Alessandro Vive Henry IV., symphony ; 2 concertos
Severe, Venice, 1717 ; II vincitor generoso, for violin ; 6 works of duos for violins ; 3
ib., 1718 ; Giove in Argo, Dresden, 1717- sonatas and several airs varies for violin ;
18 ; Ascauio, ovvero gli odi delusi del Method for violin. Fetis ; Mendel.
sangue, ib., 1718 Teofaue ; (witli Palla- LOTTO, ISIDOR, born in Warsaw, Dec.
vicino), ib., 1718-19. 22, 1840, still living, 1889. Violin virtu-
Church music: Messa de' defonti, a oso, pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, of
II.
eappella, in F Messa del quinto touo, a 4 Massart on the violin, and of Eeber in com-
;
voci, a eappella Messa a 2 voci con orgauo, position. From early youth conspicuous
;
iu D minor (Berlin, Bote & Bock) Messa by his talent, be became soon one of the ;
breve a 3 voci, in C ; Benedictus Domiuus first violinists of the present time, made
Deus and Miserere, a 4 voci, a cajj-
Israel, extensive concert tours, became in 1862
pella, iu D minor do., and do., a cai^polla, ; chamber musician and solo violin to the
in G minor, 1733 Laudate pueri, a 3 voci ;
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and iu 1872
cou 2 violiui, viola e basso (Berlin, Bote & was aijpointed instructor at the Conserva-
Bock) Salve Kegina, a 4 voci, a eappella
; ;
toriuni, Strasburg. He has published some
Vere languores nostros, a 3 voci, a eappella brilliant compositions for his instrument in
(Berlin, Bote & Bock) Other sacred works ;
the .salon style. Mendel ; Riemauu.
in the Santini Collection, iu Hullali's Part- LOUCHET, GUSTAVE, born at Bou-
Music, in Proske's Mus. Div., iu Rochlitz, logne-sur-Mer, Oct. 4, 1840, still living,
and in Trautwein's Auswahl vorziigl. Mu- 1889. Piauist, fii-st instructed by his fa-
sikwcrke. ther, an excellent amateur, then for three
in. Other works : II voto crudele, ora- years pupil at the Maitrise of Eoueu under
torio, L'umilta coronata, do.,
Vienna, 1712 ;
and at the Conservatoire, Paris,
Vervoitte,
ib., 1714 Gioa, re di Giuda, do., Venice
; ;
of Marmontel on the pianoforte, and of
Giuditta, do., ib. Spirito di Dio, madrigal ; Muratet in harmony, counterpoint, and
for the ceremony of the Doge's espousal of fugue. After living at Eouen several years,
the Adriatic, sung on board the Bucentoro, he settled iu 1876 iu Paris. Works Psalm :
ib., 1736 Sommo duce iu trono assiso,

; and chorus, with organ CXLV., for solo
quartetto pastorale, con violiui, viola e or orchestra, op. 1 Hymne de Noel, ;
basso Duetti, terzetti e madrigali cousa- chorus for four voices, op. 6 Ave Maria,
; ;
crati alia C. E. Maestu di Giuseppe I. im- do. for male voices, op. 7 L'Abeille, do., ;
peratore da Antonio Lotti Veneto, organista op. 12 Hymne u la mer, do., op. 16 O ; ;
sacrum convivium, do. for mixed voices,
^/^ ^/ '.-^^ with organ, op. 10 Tantum ergo, do., or

;
with orchestra, op. 15 O salutaris, for bar-

;
itone, with violin and organ, op. 5 Piano- ;
della eappella di S. Marco Supplement, ii. 127.

(Venice, Antonio foi-te music. I
Fetis,
Bertali, 1705) 12 duetti da camera, Santini
; LOUET (not Louette, Louve, or Louvet),
Collection
Grove Fctis Mendel Schil- ALEXANDRE, born in Marseilles, France,
; ; ;
ling. in 1753, died in Paris in 1817. Dramatic

LOTTIN, DENIS, born iu Orleans, and instrumental comiôser ; cultivated mu-
France, Nov. 19, 1773, died there in 1826. sic as an amateur till the loss of his for-
Violinist, pupil of Fridzeri at Eennes in tune in the Revolution caused him to go to
487
;;
LOUIS
PiU-is to utilize bis talent. He was iiusuc- 1829. In 1841 he became royal chamber
cessful, and finally obliged to earn bis liv- musician, and in 1851 organist of the
ing by j)ianofoite-tuniiig. Works Operas
"Works Operas Sara, given : royal chapel. :
La double clef, ou Colombine coiumissaire, at Copenhagen, 1839 Kullamanens Grotte, ;
given in Paris, Comedie Italienne, 1786 ib., 1811 lldproven, ib., 1818 Turandot, ;
; ;
Amelie, Theatre Feydeau, 1797 4 sonatas ib., 1851 Sylphen, ballet, ib., 1836 Music
; ; ;
for pianoforte and violin ; Sonatas and to the drama Kong Wolmar og Havfruen 2 ;
other pieces for pianoforte ; Songs.

Fetis concert overtures Quintet Trio Pianoforte
; ; ; ;
Mendel. music, and songs. Mendel, Ergiinz., 245.

LOUIS FERDIN.^D (Ludwig Friedrich L()W, JOSEF, boru in Prague, Jan. 23,
Christian, called). Prince of Prussia, born at 1834, died there, Oct. 5, 1886. Pianist,
Friedrichsfelde, near Berlin, Nov. 18, 1772, made a successful concert tour through
died ou the battlefield near Saalfeld, Oct. G, Moravia, Silesia, Galicia, and the Bukowiua
180G. Pianist and instrumental composer, in 1854, and settled in Prague in 1856, to
first instructed by French tutors, afterwards teach the pianoforte. He has published
(1800) pupil of Diissek, who became his inti- more than 300 works for his instruments,
mate friend Beethoven, on his visit to Ber- among which are many valuable pieces of
;
lin in 1796, highly commended the Prince's instructive character.

talent, and dedicated to him several of bis LOWE, JOHANN JACOB, boru at Eise-
compositions. Works Quintet for piano- nach in 1620, died at Liincburg in Septem-
:
forte and strings, op. 1 ; 2 quartets for do., ber, 1703. Virtuoso on the violin ; studied
op. 5 and 6 2 trios
; for do., op. 2 and 10 in Vienna, and became Kapellmeister to
Larghetto, with variations, for do., op. 11 ;
the Duke of Brunswick in 1655, and to the
Andante for do., op. 4 ; Octet for pianoforte, Duke of Zeitz in 1663. Afterwards he was
clarinet, 2 horns, 2 violins, and 2 violon- again in Vienna, and in 1682 was appointed
cellos, op. 12 ; Notturno for pianoforte, organist at Liineburg. Works Amehnde, :
flute, and string-trio Andante for piano- oder die triumphirende Seele, geistliches
;
forte quartet liondo for pianoforte, with Singsijiel, given at Wolfoubiittel, 1657 Or-
; ;
orchestra, op. 13 Fugues, variations, etc., pheus aus Thracien, der Calliope und dcs
;
for iîauoforte.
Allgem. d. Biogr., xis. 582 Apollonis Sohn, ib., 1659 Iphigenia, ein
; ;
Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. konigliches Friiulein, ib., 1661 ; Sympho-

LOUIS XUL, King of France (1610-43), nies, intradas, gagliardas, siirabauds, etc.,
born 3-5 instruments (Bremen, 1657)

at Foutainebleau, Sept. 27, 1601, died 12 for ;
at. Saint-Germain, May 14, 1643. He stud- neue geistliche Concerte, for 1-3 voices,
ied music and cultivated it with success with 2 violins and organ (Wolfenbilttel,
one of his compositions, Tu crois, 6 beau 1660) Canons for 1-8 parts, vocal and in- ;
soleil, a song for four voices, is given in strumental. Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
Kircher's Musurgie (I. S. 690). The Ga- LOWE, KARL. See Lorwe.
votte de Louis XIII., since 1870 a favourite LOWENSTERN, MATTHAUS Al'EL-
with French and German orchestras, is not LES VON (real name Lijwe), born at Neu-
his work, but a separate part of the cele- stadt, Upper Silesia, April 20, 1594, died at
brated Circe, ou le ballet de la reine. Fe-
Nether Silesia, April 3, 1648. Vocal Oels,
tis ; Mendel. composer, music director to the Duke of
LOVENSK.JOLD, HERMANN SE\T<;- Brunswick-Oels, in whose service he filled
RIN, Baron VON, born in Norway, July 30, also several administrative oflBces, and whith-
1815, died at Copenhagen, Dec. 5, 1870. er he returned, after having been employed
Dramatic composer, studied at Copenhagen, at the court of Emperor Ferdinand H.,
whither he went with his father, a Dane, in in 1631. Works: Symbola oder Gedenk-
;
LiJBECK
30 sacred songs, for and was engaged, until his deatli, as Kapell-
spriiche, a collection of
1-9 voices. Schilling-.
FL'tis ; Mendel
meister, by the Elector of Cologne.
; His
LtJBECK, ERNST HEINRICH, born at operas Avere given in Venice and Bonn.
The Hague, Aug. 24, 1829, died in Paris, Works Operas L' isola della fortuna, :
Sept. 17, 187G. Pianist, son and pupil of 17G5 II marito geloso, 17GG Lc donne ; ;
Johann Heinrich Liibeck. Ho visited the sempre donne H

matrimouio per astuzia,
;
United States, Mexico, and Peru in 1849- 1771 ; II natal di Giove L' inganno sco- ;
52 on his return was made court pianist

;
perto ; Ademira, 1775. Intermezzos and
at The Hague and in 1851 settled in Paris,
;
cantatas; Latin oratorio; Masses, vesjjer.s,
where he taught and played in chamber con- and motets 3 symphonies Sonatas for
; ;
certs with Armingaud, Lalo, and Jacquard. pianoforte and violin Trio and quartets ;
In his last years he became insane. Berlioz Pianoforte concertos. Fetis Mendel ;
says he had prodigious execution and an ex- Schilling.

cellent style. Works Concerto for piano- : LUCCHESI, FREDIANO MATTEO, born
forte with orchestra ; Polonaise, Tarentelle, atLucca about 1710, died there, Aug. 18,
Berceuse, Trilby the Sprite, many etudes, 1779. Church composer, pupil of Leonardo
etc., for pianoforte. Fetis, Sujiplcment, ii. Leo became maestro di cappella of the col-
;
120 ; Mendel ;Riemanu. legiate church of S. Michele in Foro.

LUBIN. See ,S'ai/)/-Lubin.Works: Several masses for 2-5 voices a
LUCANTONI, GIOVANNI, bornatMace- cappella Mass, with two orchestras Re- ; ;
rata, Italy, in 1825, still living, 1889. Pu- sponses for 4 voices, for Holy Week 13 ;
pil of Giovanni Pacini in Lucca and Viareg- services, for do., with full orchestra Many ;
gio, and of Vaccaj at the Milan Conserva- motets. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 132.
torio ; settled in Paris in 1857. Works : LUCCHESI, GIULIO MARL\, born at
Don Chisciotte, ballet, Milan, 1815 middle of the 18th century,
; Elisa, Pisa, Italj',
opera, ib., 1850 Cantata, ib. A mass died ('?). Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of
; ; ;
Overture for orchestra Romances Duets Moriano and Nardiui, and in counterpoint
; ; ;

Melodies for the voice. Fetis, Supplement, of Cecchi lived for a long time in Vienna, ;
ii. 130 Mendel, Ergiinz., 2-49.

; then entered the service of the Archbishop
LUCAS, CHARLES, born in Salisbury, of Salzburg, and in 1799 returned to Italy.
England, July 28, 1808, died in London, Works Sj'mphonies for orchestra 3 duos : ;
]March 30, 1869. Violoncellist and organist, for violins, op. 1 ; do., op. 2 ; G sonatas for
pupil at the Royal Academy of pianoforte and violin, op. 3 Vocal music.
of Jlusic ;
Lindley and Crotch in 1823-30 became vio- Fetis. ;
loncellist in the private band of Queen LUCE-VARLET, CHARLES, born at

Adelaide, afterwards in the orchestra of the Douai, France, Dec. 1, 1781, died there in
Italian and in 1832 conductor at
opera, 1S5G. Violinist and dramatic composer at ;
the Royal Academy. Organist of Hanover lirst studied in his native city, then was a
Cliapel, Regent Street, 1839. Principal of pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of Baillot
the Royal Academy of Music in 1859-6G. on the violin, of Catel in harmony, and of
Works The Regicide, ojjera 3 symj^houies
: ; ;
Gossec in counterpoint returned to Douai ;
String quartets Anthems Songs. ; Grove. ;

and established orchestral concerts, in 1805,
LUCCHESI, ANDREA, born at Motta, which he conducted, and quartet soirees, in
Venetian Friuli, May 27, 1711, died early which he played first violin. L. of Honour,
in the 19th century. Dramatic composer, 1845. Works Operas Caroline de Tytz- :
pupil of Paoluzzi, Seratelli, and Cocchi. He denz, given at Douai, 1820 La prevention, ;
appeared in Bonn as musical director of a ib., 1822, Valenciennes and Cambrai, 1825 ;
travelling Italian opera company in 1771, La mort de Paul I. (with Victor Lefevre and
;
LUCIA
Bovi'ry), Douai, 1834 Les ruines dii Mout- of technique her farewell duet with Ed-
; ;
Cassin, 183G LYK've Je Piesbourg, gardo her duet with Enrico, "Soffi-iva nel
ib., ; ;
;
Paris, Opt'ra Comique, 18-10. Eutr'uctes for jsianto " the sextet in the second act,
dramas, given at Douai Many cantatas, "Chi mi frena," and Edgardo's grand sceua
;
hymns, and choruses, with orchestra " Tombe degl' avi miei," with the cantilena,
Overture for orchestra 2 concertos for " Tu che a Dio spiegasti 1' ali."
; Lucia has
violin and orchestra Quintet for strings been a favourite role with many great sing-
; ;
i works of quartets for do. 3 trios for do. ers, including Mmes Castellan, Caroline Du-
;
;
2 do. for pianoforte and strings Airs prez, Frezzolini, Lagrange, Adelina Patti,
;
varies, for violin, etc. Fetis. Nilsson, Albaui, Gerster, and de Murska.
LUCIA DI LAJIMEmiOOE, Italian It was given at the Theatre de la Eeuais-
opera in three acts, text by Cammii.rauo, sance, Paris, Aug. 10, 1839 and at the ;
Op6ra, Feb. 20, 1846, with Mile Nau and

M. Duprez iu the principal parts first ;
time in London at Her Majesty's, April

5, 1838, and at the Princess's Theatre, Jan.
19, 1843 first iu New York, in English,
;
Nov. 17, 1845, iu Italian, Nov. 14, 1849.

Full score published by Ricordi (Milan)
and bj' Diabelli (Vienna). Le uozze di Lam-
mermoor, Italian opera, text by Balocchi,
music by Carafa di Colobrano, Paris, Dec.
12, 1829 La lidanzata di Lammormoor, by
;
Luigi Eicci, Trieste, November, 1831, and

by Alberto Mazzucato, Padua, 1834. Bru-
deu fra Lanimermoor, Danish opera, text by
Anderson, music by J. Bredal, Copenhagen,
1832.
Clement et Larousse, 411 Allgem. ;
mus. Zeitung (38), 173 Lajarte, ii. 180 ; ;
Athenffium (1838), 259 Upton, Standard

;
Operas, 89.
Dolores Nau.
LUCIFER, Flemish oratorio, text by E.
Hiel, music by Peter Beuoit, first perform-
music by Donizetti, first rejiresented in ed in Brussels, Sejit. 20, 18GG. Given iu
Naples, Sept. 2G, 1835. Donizetti, who Paris, at the Trocadcro, 1883.
wrote the text of the last act himself, de- LUCILLA, D0:\1ENIC0, born at Eio-
signed the parts of Lucia and Edgardo for freddo, Feb. 17, 1820, died iu Eome, Janu-
Persiani and Dujjrez, who ary, 1885.
aiDjieared in the Dramatic composer, pupil at
original cast. The from Sir the Lyceo Musicale, Bologna, of Corticelli
subject is
Walter Scott's romance, " The Bride of and Goliuelli on the pianoforte, and of
Lanimermoor ;
" the scene, Scotland, about Gaetano Gasjjaii in harmony, then at Loreto
IGOO. It is generally considered Donizetti's inipil of Domenico Vecchiotti. He settled
masterpiece, and one of the most pojiular iu Eome, where he became president of the
is
Italian operas. Among the best numbers Accademia Filarmonica. Works Operas :
are Lucia's arias, " Eegnava nel silenzio," 11 solitario, given in Rome, Teatro Valle,
and " Quando rapita in estasi " her mad 1853 Giuliano Salviati, ib., 1854 H sin-
;
; ;
song, " Oh, gioja che si seuti," which gives daco del villaggio, ib., Teatro Capranica,
the artist opportunity for a brilliant display 1857 L' eroe delle Astuiie, Eeggio d'
;
:
LUCIO
Einilia, 1802 ; II conto di Beuzeval, Forrara, son, who, brought tip by a fisherman, rises
1873 ; La bella fauciulla di Perth ;
Tom- to high rank in the Venetian army, and at
maso Chattertou ; Cautata, Kome, Teatro last falls a victim to his own mother. The
Apollo, 1856 ; do., ib., 1871 ; do., sung by libretto is a free adaj)tation of Victor Hugo's
700 voices in tbe place of the Capitol, drama, " Lucrece Borgia" (1833). When
1871. Fetis, Sui323lemeut, ii. 132. the ojiera was jiroduced in Paris, at the
LUCIO SILLA, Italian opera in three Th6:itre Itahen, Oct. 27, 1840, Hugo
acts, text by Giovanni da Gamera, revised brought action for infringement of copj--
by jMetastasio, music by ^Mozart, first repre- right, won his case, and the libretto was
sented in Milan, Dec. 2C, 1772. Scene in rewritten, the scene being changed to Tur-
and near llonie. Characters rej^resented key and the Italians to Turks. The ojiera :
Lucio Silla, dictator (T.) Giunia, betrothed was rexn'oduced in its new form, under the
;
to Cecilio (S.) Lucio Cinna, patrician (S.); title La Rinegata, Jan. 14, 1845 and a
;
;
Cecilio, senator (S.) Celia (S.) and Au- French version, entitled Nizza de Grenade,
; ;
fidio, Published by Breit-

tribune (T.).
kopf & Mozart Werke, Serie 5, No.

Hiirtel,
8. Same test, 023era by Johann Christian
Bach, Mannheim, 1771 and by Anfossi, ;
Venice, 1771.
KOchel, Verzeichniss, No.
135 Jahn, Mozart, i. 231, 287 Nissen, i.
; ;
273 ; Gehring-, -49 ; Caecilia, xxiv. 79 ; All-

gem, mus. Zeitg., sx. 91.
LUCIO VERO, Italian opera, text by
Zeno, music by Sacchini, first represented
at the San Carlo, Naples, Nov. 4, 17G4.
Given in Loudon in December, 1773. Sub-
ject, the story of Berenice, daughter of
Agrippa I. of Judaia. Other operas, same
text, music by Pollarolo, Venice, 1700 by ;
Perti, Bologna, 1717 by Torri, Munich, ;
1720 by Ariosti, London, 172G by Bioni,

; ;
Breslau, 1727 by Araja, Venice, 1735 (in

;
Florence as Berenice, 1730) ; and by Scala- Therese Tietjens.

brini, Hamburg, 174G.
LUCREZIA BORGIA, Italian opera in was prepared for the provinces. A com-
three acts, text by Felice Romani, music by promise was finally effected by the pajanent
Donizetti, first represented at La Scala, Mi- of an indemnity to the author, and Lucrezia
lan, Dec. 20, 1834. Original cast then assumed its original form. Lucrezia
Borgia ranks with Lucia di Lammermoor
Gennaro Signor Pedrazzi.
and La Favorita as Donizetti's most success-
Alfonso Signor Marini.
ful operas, and marks a half-way point be-
Orsiui Mile Brambilla.
tween the style of Rossini and that of Verdi.
Lucrezia Mme Lalaude.
Lucrezia was sung by Grisi with brilliant
Subject, the story of Lucrezia, natural success and was one of Tietjens' best charac-
daughter of Cardinal Borgia (afterwards ters. Among the best numbers are Lu- :
Pope Alexander VI.), who became the wife crezia's aria, " Com' e bello " Gennaro's ;
of Alfonso d' Este, son of the Duke of Fer- romanza, "Di pescatore ignobilc ;" " Vieni
rara, and of Gennaro, her own illegitimate la luia vendetta," sung by Duke Alfonso ;
;
LUDOVIC
"
his duet with Luci-ezia, " a te batla O ! ; rousse, 41G ; Athenreum (1858), i. 759 ;
the trio, " Gnai se ti sfugge," sung by Lu- Krehbiel, Review (188G-87), 8.
crezia, Gemiaro, and Alfonso and Orsini's ;
driuliiiig-song, "H segreto per esser fehci."

The opera was given at Her Majesty's, Lon-
don, in two acts, June 6, 1839, for the debut
of Mario, and at the Princess's Tlieatre, in
English, Dec. 30, 1843. It was first repre-
sented in New York, Sept. 5, 1854, with
Mario, Siisini, Mme Grisi, and Mme Stra-
kosch. Score published by Ricordi (Milan)
by Diabclli (Vienna) and by Breitkopf & ;
Htirtel (Leipsic). Clement et Larousse,

413 Athenaeum (1839), 437
; ; (1844), 20 ;
Upton, Standard Operas, 95.

LUDOVIC, drame-lyrique in two acts,
test by Saint-Georges, music by Herold,
first represented at the Opera Comique,
Paris, May 16, 1833. Horold died while at

work on this opera, and it was completed

by Hah'vy. Clement et Larousse, 414.
Anna de Lagrange.
LUHRSS, KARL, born in Schwerin,
April 7, 1824, died in Berlin, Nov. 11, LULLY (Lulli), JEAN r..\PTISTE, born
1882. Pianist, first instructed by his father, at or near riorence, Italy, in 1(!33, died
who was organist and court musician at in Paris, March 22,
Schwerin, then in Berlin pupil at the Roy- 1G87. Son of Lo-
al Academy and of Mendelssohn. From renzo de' Lulli, a
1841 he often appeared suecessfull}' in con- Florentine gentle-
certs, and in 1847 went to Rome after his ; man, and Catarina
return in 1848 he taught pianoforte and del Serta ;
pupil of
singing at Schwerin, and in 1851 settled in an old Franciscan
Berlin. Works Psalm CVIII. for soli, cho-
: monk in the rudi-
rus,and orchestra, performed at Schwerin ; V ~ nients of music
2 symphonies for orchestra, Berlin and Leip- and on the gui-
sic Quartet for strings Trio for pianoforte tar. The Chevalier de Guise took him to
; ;
and strings Sonatas for pianoforte, and for France, where he first became scullion in
;
do. and violin Songs. Fetis Mendel.

;
the kitchen of Mademoiselle de Montpen-
;
LUISA JIILLER, Italian opera in four sier. The Comte de Nogent, happening to
acts, by Cammarano, from Schiller's hear him one day amusing himself by play-
text
drama " Kabale
uud Liebe," music by ing popular airs on a wretched little violin,
Verdi, first represented at Naples, Dec. 8, reported the boy's talent to " la Grande
1849. Given at the Opera, Paris, Feb. 2, Mademoiselle," who gave him a place among
1853 in English at Sadler's Wells Theatre, her musicians. But the mischievous young-
;
London, June 3, and in Italian at Her Maj- ster was soon discharged for setting to mu-
esty's, June 8, 1858 in New York, first sic some satirical verses on Mademoiselle.
;
time, Castle Garden, 1853. Luisa was a He next gained admission to the Iving's
favorite character ^vith IMme Anna de La- band, and attracted the notice of Louis

grange. Grove, iv. 248 Clement et La- XIV. bj' some airs for violin which he wrote.
;
49-2
LULLY
His talent as a solo player imlnccd that new singers and dancers, and composed all
mouarch to ajjpoiut him inspector of his the music given at the theatre. Finding
violinists (a baud of eighty players, known an admirable collaborator in the poet Qui-
as " la grande bande "), and to found a new nault, he wrote twenty operas and divertisse-
band of twenty-four ("lespetits violons"), ments between the years 1G72 and 168G.
to be under his especial direction. Lully"s On July 24, 1GG2, he married Madeleine,
" petits Yiolons " soon surpassed the older daughter of the singer Lambert, bj' whom
band. Feeling that his musical education he had three sons and three daughters.
had been but slight, Lully gave up the vio- He was a man of the readiest wit, of great
lin, and began seriously to study the clave- astuteness, thoroughly unscrupulous and
cin and composition under Metru, Rober- avaricious, in which last quality his family
det, and Gigault, orgauists at Saint-Nicolas- resembled him. He died of an abscess in
des-Chamiis. He was soon appointed to the foot, brought on by hitting his toe with
compose music for the court ballets, and his baton while conducting his " Te Deum,"
later (about 16G0) to write ballet divertisse- Jan. 8, 1687. He was granted naturaliza-
ments for some of Cavalli's operas, then tion papers as a Frenchman in 1G61. He
given for the first time in France. It was left a large fortune, and his family erected
by studying the scores of Cavalli and other a superb monument to him, surmounted by
Venetian composers that Lully laid the chief a bust by Cotton, which still stands in the
foundations of his own style. This influ- church des Petits-Peres, near the place des
ence was almost immediately perceptible in Victoires. There are many portraits of him,
the divertissements he wrote to some of the most noted being those engraved by
Moliere's comedies. From 1C58 to 1671 Edelinck, Thomas, Saint-Aubin (from Colig-
he wrote thirty ballets, in which he himself non's bust), and Desnochers. Mignard's
sometimes danced with considerable success. portrait has been lost. Lully 's genius was
"
The last of them was for Moliere's " Psyche epoch-making he was the true founder of
;
(1G71). Next year the King appointed him the French " tragedie-lj'riq\ie " or grand
" surintendant de la musique de chambre," opera, as it is now called. If he took the
and " maitre de musique " to the royal form of his airs slavishly enoiigh from Ve-
family. But these honours did not satisfy netian models, ho was a bold innovator in al-
liis ambition. The privilege of founding most every other direction. He expanded
an " Aeademie de Musique," granted to the the meagre instrumental prelude of the
Abbe Perrin, Juno 28, 1G60, raised his Italian opera into a worthy musical form
envy. His character for honour was never (very like that adopted by Handel) ; his
high,and by a series of intrigues, in which recitatives are still models of style in their
Madame de Montespan figured a good deal, noble freedom and dramatic expressive-
he got Perriu's patent transferred .to him- ness. He was the first really great opera
self (March, 1G72), to the exclusion of composer in France, and one of the greatest
Henri Guichard and Jean de Grenoulllet, in all history. In composing it was his
who seem to have had a legal claim on Per- habit to write only the voice j)art and the
rin's succession. But whether Lully had a bass, leaving the completion of the sketch
right to the position or not, he certainly and the scoring to his pupils Lalouette and
filled it admirably. Ho gave his personal Colasse. His works held the stage up-
attention to every detail of the management wards of a century.
of the Academie Royale de Musique, which
Works I. Operas Ties fetes de I'Amour
:
has since become so famous. He was not et de Bacchus, pastoral, Paris, Theatre du
only director, stage manager, ballet-master, Bel-Air, Nov. 15, 1672; Cadnui.'i et Her-
conductor, and machinist at once, but taught mione, lyric tragedy, ib., April, 1673 ;
4'J3
;; ;
LULLY
ou le tiiomplie d'Alcide,
Alceste, Theatre ballet de Crequi Le ballet des Muses La
iil., ; ;
du Palais Roj-al, Jan. 19, 1G74 fete de Versailles Le ballet de Flore

; Thesee, id., ; ;
Saiut-Germaiueu-Laye, Feb. 3, 1675 Le L'amour medecin, comedy Monsieur de ; ;
Carnaval, opura-ballet, Oct. 17, 1675 Ah/><, Pourceaugnac, do. Le ballet de Chambord,
; ;
lyric tragedy, Saint-Germain, Jan. 10, 1676, ou le Bourgeois gentilhomme, do. Le bal- ;
and Paris, August, 1677 Ms, tragedie- let des nations, sequel to the preceding
;
opera, Acadcmie Royalo de Musiqiie, Jan. Les jeux pythiens, ballet Airs de danse in ;
5, 1677 Piiyche, lyric tragedy, ib., April 9, Psyche, tragedie-ballet Entr'actes to Cor-
; ;
1678 Bellerophon, opera, ib., Jan. 31, 1679 neille's Q3dipe, Versailles, 1659.
;
rroarrpine, lyric tragedy, Saint-Germain, III. Church music 5 volumes of motets, :
Feb. 3, and Academie Royale de Musique, copied by Philidor aiuc for the Conito de
Nov. 19, 1680; Le
triomphe de rAmour,
opOra-ballet, Saint-
Germain, Jan. 21, and
Academic Royale de
Musique, MayG, 1681;
Persee, lyric tragedy, Academic Royale do Tmilouse, now
in the liliravics of the Con-
Musique, April 17, and Versailles, June, servatoire, and of Versailles Motets for 2 ;
1682 Pha'iton, id., at court, Jan. 6, and

; choruses, Paris, Ballard, 1684 Mass for 4 ;
Academic Royale de Musique, April 27, voices a cappella Other church pieces.
;
1683 Amadis de Gaule, id., Academie

; IV. Instrumental music Many sj'mpho- :
Royale de IMusiquc, Jan. 18, 1684 Roland, ; Le Provost d'

nies, trios, airs for violin, etc.
id., at court, Jan. IS, and Academie Roy- Exmes, Lulli musicien (Paris, 1779) Le ;
ale de Musique, Feb. 8, 1685 L'idylle de ; Cerf de la Vieville de Fresneuse, Comparai-

la Paix, ou I'egloguo de Versailles, diver- son de la musique italienne et de la mu-
tissement, Versailles and Paris, 1685 Le ; sique franyaise. Part n., 182-239 ; Lettre
Ti'mple de la Paix, opera-ballet, Fontaine- de Clement Marot :\ M. de . . . tou-
bleau, Sept. 12, and Academie Royale de chant ce qui s'est passe a I'arrivee de J.-B.
Musique, October, 1685 Armide et Re- Lully aux Champs-Elysees, in (Euvres
;
naud, lyric tragedy, Academie Royale de clioisis de Sonoce, edited by P. A. Cap and
IMusiquc, Feb. 15, 1686 Acts et Galatee, E. Charles (Paris, 1855)
; Fetis Grove ; ; ;
heroic pastoral, Chateau d'Anct, Sept. 6, Mendel.

1686, and Academie Royale de Musique, LULLY, LOUIS DE, born in Paris, Aug.
1687 Parts of first act of Achillc et Po- 4, 1664, died after 1713. Dramatic com-
;
lyxene (with Colasse), lyric tragedy, Paris, poser, eldest son of the preceding, whom
Nov. 7, 1687. he succeeded as superintendent and com-
n. Ballets, etc. : Alcidione, Saint-Ger- poser to the ting. Works: Zephire et
main ; Airs de ballot in Cavalli's Serse, Flore (with his brother Jean Louis), given
Louvre, Nov. 22, 1660 La raillerie, bal- ; in 1688 Orphee (with his brother Jean
;
let L'impatience, do. Hercule amoureux,

; ; Baptiste), 1690 Alcide, ou le triomphe
;
do. ; Les sept planetes, do. ; L'amour ma- d'Hercule (with Marais), 1693 Ballet des ;
lade, comedy ; La noce an village, ballet saisons (with Colasse), 1695 Le triomi)he ;
Le ballet des arts ; Les amours deguises, de la raison, cantata, Fontainebleau, 1703.
do. ; La princesse d'Elide, comedie-ballet ;
Fetis ; do.. Supplement, ii. 133.
Cariselli, ballet, Fontainebleau ; Le mai-iage LUMBYE, HANS CHRISTIAN, born in
force, comedy ; La naissance de Venus, Copenhagen, May 2, 1810, died there,
divertissement ; Le ballet des gardes Le March 20, 1874. Like ; Strauss and Lanner,
494
;:
LUMPP
in Vienna, lie had an orchestra of his own, 1571) ; 35 songs for do. (1548) ; Psalm
which played at the Tivoli, near Copen- XXX. (Lyons, 1549). Futis.
hagen, and made con- LUPI, JEAN, lived in the Brst half of the
cert tours. On his IGth century, died in 1547. Little is known

retirement in 18G5, of him. He was oi-ganist at Nivelles, Bel-
with the title of gium, resigning in or before 1502, and oc-

Krigsraad, his son cupied a position at Sainte-Marie, Autwerjj,
Georg assumed the after that date. Works : Many collections
conductorship of his of motets, masses, and songs bear the name
orchestra, and now of Joh., Jo., or J. L. some of his masses ;
enjoys nearly as great are in the manuscript collection of the Pon-

a popularity as once tifical Chapel in Rome. Fetis Mendel ;
did his father, whose Ambros, Gesch., iii. 203.

dances, marches, pot- LURLINE, English opera in three acts,
pourris, etc., over 300 in number, continue text by E. Fitzball,music by William Vin-
in great favour in the Scandinavian king- cent Wallace, first represented at the Royal
doms. The opera Die Hexenflote, 18G9, is English Opera, Covent Garden, Loudon,
by Georg Lumbye. Fctis Mendel. Feb. 23, 1860. Subject, the legend of the
;
LUIMPP, LEOPOLD, born in Baden, Loreley. Published by Cramer <k Co. (Lou-
Jan. 4, 1801, still Uving, 1889. Organist don, 1800). Athenreum (1860), i. 275.
and church composer ;
LUSTIG, JACOB WILHEL:\I, born in
studied music in his
native city and at Freiburg, was ordained Hamburg, Sept. 21, 1706, died after 1776.
priest in 1823, and made city chaj^lain at Organist and writer on music, pujnl of his
Kastatt, where he also assisted his aged father when sixteen years old became or- ;
father as musical instructor at the Lyceum, ganist at the Filialkirche, Hamburg ; stud-
lu 1825 he was apiôinted professor there, ied composition under Mattheson became ;
and in 1827 prebendary of the cathedral at organist at St. Martin's in Groningen, Hol-
Freiburg, where he also conducted the land. In 1734 ho went to London to hear
choral music, and the vocal instruction in Handel, and returning, devoted himself to
the episcopal seminary. In 1835-43 he composition and literary work. Works
was director of a singing society, founded Pianoforte sonatas Songs. He was author ;
by him, and 1838 was made Kapellmeis-

in also of: tot der muzijkkuudc
luleiiling
ter at the cathedral. "Works 7 German : (Groningen, 1751) Muziekaale spraakkunst

;
masses for 4 voices, with organ Der Cho- ;

(.\msterdam, 1754) Twaalf redeneeringeu
;
ralgesaug nach dem Cultus der katholischen over nuttige muziekaale onderwerpen (ib.,
Kirche (Freiburg, 1837) Melodieu zum probably 1756) and of several tran.slations
; ;
Freibm-ger Diocesan-Gesangbuche (Carls- into Dutch, Burnoy's musical travels among

ruhe, 1852) Preludes and finales for organ
; the number. Fctis Mendel Schilling.
;
; ;
Songs, etc.
Fctis Mendel. ;
LUSTIGE KRIEG, DER (The Merry
LUPI, DIDIER, born in the first half of War), comic opera in three acts, text by
the 16th century. French vocal composer Zell and Genee, music by Johann Strauss,
;
lived probably at Lyons, and is cited in the first represented in Vienna, Nov. 25, 1881 ;
prologue of the fourth book of Rabelais in New York, March 15, 1882. Published
among the celebrated musicians of the ICth by Spina (Vienna, 1882).
century. To distinguish him from Jean LUSTIGEN WEIBER VON WINDSOR,
Wolf, or Lupi, of Antwerp, he is sometimes DIE (Merry Wives of Windsor), German
designated as Lupi second. Sa- comic opera in three acts, text by Mosen-
Works :
cred songs, for 4 voices (Lyons, 1548, Paris, thal after Shakespeare, music by Nicolai,
496
;
LUSTSPIEL
represented in Berlin, March 9, 1819. hymns.
fii-st The first Protestant h}Tnn-book
Portious of this opei-a had been performed appeared in 1524, and four of its eight
at the Redoutensaal, Vienna, April 1, 1817. Lymns were by him. It is difficult to de-
It was sung in Vienna with recitatives by teiTuine which hymns Luther really wrote
Proch, Feb. 12, 1852 in London, as Fai- and adapted, and it is not absolutely certain
;
stafi^ May and in Paris as Les that he composed any of the hymn-tunes
3. 1861 ;
joyeuses commeres de Windsor, ti-anslation ascribed to him, though very probably some
by Jules Barbier, at the Theatre Lyrique, of them were his. He wTote an essay in
May 25, 1866. Firet performed in New praise of music and a poem entitled Frau
York, April 27, 1863 given by the Amer- Musika. Works 36 hymns written or ar-
;
:
ican Opera Company at the Academy of ranged by him, a list being given by Koch
Music, Feb. 5, 1886, Eughsh version by and reprinted by Grove 13 hymn-tunes, ;
Heniy E. KrehbieL The overture was first Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, and Jesaia
performed by the Philharmonic Society of dem Propheten das geschiih, being almost
New York, in the season of 1857-58 by without doubt bv him, the others with;
the London Philharmonic Full greater or less degrees of certainty.

in 1861. (See

[
score published by Bote <fc Bock (Berlin, Luther's Hymn.) Rambach, Ueber Luther's j
1850).
Clement et Larousse, 385 Ed- Verdienst um den Kirchengesang ^Hamburg,
; i
wards, Lyrical Dn^ma, ii. 62 Xeue Zeits. ; ,

1813) KOstUn, M;u-tin Luther, sein Leben
;
xxxii.180 si. 161 Neue BerUner Musik-

; ; ^
und i. 573 ; KOstlin, Life of
seine Schiifteu,
Zeitung (1857), 211 Athenreum (18641, ; ^
Luther, 295 Koch, Geschichte des Kirchen-
;
685 Krehbiel. Review (1S8.5-S6), 134.

; j
heds, L 230, 454 iL 2 Fetis SammL mus.
; ; ;
LUSTSPIEL-OUVERTURE, by Her- Vortrage, iiL 289 Kuecht, Luther's Ver-

;
mann Grfidener, op. 28, first performed in dienste um Musik und Poesie (Tim, 1817)
New York at Thomas's Popular Matinee, Muller, Luthers Verdienste um die Musik
Dec. 24, 1887. (Erfurt, 1817) Grell, Luther, geistliche
;
LUTHER, MARTIN, bom in Eislebeu, Lieder nebst dessen Gdanken tiber die
Nov. 10, 1483, Musica (Berlin, 1817) Winterfeld, Der ;
died there, Feb. evang. Kirchengesang, L 143 ; Revue et Gaz.

18, 1546. The musicale, July 13, 1879.
famous German LUTHER'S HYMN, name given to the
reformer was a hymn beginning " Great God, what do I
great lover of mu- see and hear'?" The words were written
sic, had a good by B.artholomjuus Ringwaldt (1530-98), a
voice for singing, Lutheran clergyman in Langfeld, Prussia.
and pkyed the It is in imitation of Dies irje, dies Ula, com-
flute and lute. In ix)sed by Celano. Johann Christian Jacobi
his desire to im- I
translated this hymn in seven verses, Es ist
prove the service of the church, he planned '
gewisslich an der Zeit, and included it in

alterations in the music of the mass, his Psalmodia Germania (1722). Dr. Will-
strove to shorten and simpUfy it, and to ,
iam Bengo CoUver " conveved " the fii-st
1
.
"
have the vulgar tongue used more fre- stanzas from Jacobi's " Psalms and Hymns
quently. He did much to promote congre- (Sheffield, 1802), and composed additionid
gational singing. With the aid of the mu- verses to the tune, which is said to be Lu-
sicians Conrad Rupflf and Johann Walther ther's first composition, and which was first
he prepared and published the Order of the printed in 1535. The melody had been
German Mass, and at the same time turned sung as a second theme to the older hymn,
his attention to writing and adapting " Nun freut euch liebeu Christen "'mein."
496
;
LUTZ
Luther's Hymn, under whicli appears conducted only the Mainzer Liedertafel,
title it
iu the hymu collections, was formerly sung and the Ladies" Vocal Society connected
at musical festivals and sacred concerts. with it. Works Operas : Das Kiithchen
Duffield, English Hymns, 194 ; Josiah von Heilbronn, given at Dessau, 1846 ; Die
MUler, Singers and Songs of the Church, 53, Fiirstiu von Athen (not given) Der Schmied ;
373 Prescott, Christian Hymns and Hymn- von Ruhla, Augsburg, 1885 Coriolan, dra-
; ;
writers, G3 ; Grove, ii. 180. matic scene. Mass Die vier Lebensalter,;
LL'TZ, NMX.HELM MEYER, born at symphony Symphonic coronation march

; ;
Miinnerstadt, Kissingen, iu 1829, still liv- Cantatas, pianoforte music, and songs.
ing, 18S9. Dramatic composer, studied at Mendel.
Wiirzburg and under Eisenliofer settled LUZZ.ISCO (Luzzaschi), born in Fer-
;
iu England in 1848. Organist successively rara iu the IGth century, died there, jirob-
of St. Chad's, Birmingham, St. Ann's, Leeds, ably in the beginning of the 17th century.
and St. George's Catholic Cathedral, Lon- Organist in the service of Alfonso H., and
don conductor at Surrey Theatre, 1851- maestro di cai^pella in the cathedral of his
;
55, and at Gaiety Theatre in 18G9-81. native city. Viuceuzo Galilei placed him

Works Operettas Faust and Marguerite, among the four most distinguished musi-
:
1855 Blonde and Brunette, 18G2 Zaida, cians of his time. He tried to revive the
; ;
1808 Miller of :\Iilljurg, 1S72 Legend of enharmonic system of tones used by the
; ;
the Lys, 1873 All in the Downs, 1881

; Greeks, and was noted for his excellent
Knight of the Garter, 1882 Posterity, ricercari for the organ.
; Works 5 volumes :
1884. Heme the Hunter, cantata Orches- of madrigals, published in Ferrara, Naples,
;
tral and pianoforte music, and songs. and Venice beween 1575 and 1584 Ricer- ;
LUTZEL, J. HEINRICH, born at Iggel- cari. Fetis do., Suppli'ment, ii. 137 Men- ; ;
heim, near Speier, Aug. 30, 1823, still liv- del do., Erganz., 251 Gerber Schilling. ; ; ;
ing, 1889. Vocal composer, became organ- LUZZI, LUIGI, born at Olevano, Lomel-
ist and music director of the Protestant lina, about 1825, died at Stradella, Feb. 28,
church, and vocal instructor at the Gymna- 187G. Dramatic composer devoted him- ;
sium iu Zweibriicken. He has done much self to music while studying at the univer-
for the improvement of vocal music in the sity and the school of medicine, in Turin.
churches and schools of the Rhenish Palat- Works Chiarina, operetta, Turin Tripilla,
: ;
inate, and has composed psalms, motets, opera buft'a, Novar.a, 1874 La ventola, do.; ;
sacred choruses, a choral book, collections a hymn, 1847 Vittorio Emanuele, re d'
;
of sacred and secular choruses for male Italia, a patriotic hymn, Turin, 18G0 Fu- ;
voices, songs for schools, and organ music, neral march for Count Cavour Le Grazie ;
all distinguished for ability and practical and Le Serate Toriuese, 2 albums of songs.
usefulness. Mendel. Futis, Sujjplement, ii. 137 Mendel, Er- ;
LUX, FRIEDRICH, born at Ruhla, Thu- ganz., 251.

ringia, Nov. 24, 1820, still living, 1889. LVOFF (Lwoff), ALEXIS, born in Re-
Virtuoso on the organ and dramatic com- val, Russia, May 25, 1799, died in the jjrov-
poser, first instructed in ince of Kovno, Dec. 28, 1870.
by his father, and Violinist ;
composition by A. Michel at Gotha then received an excellent musical education,

;
pupil of Friedrich Schneider at Dessau entered the army at the wish of his father,
(1839-41), where he was then music di- and, rising rapidly, was in 1836 general, ad-
rector of the court theatre for ten years, jutant of the Emperor Nicholas, and musi-
leaving this position in 1851 for the appoint- cal director of the royal court and chapel.
ment as Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater The fine quality of his violin playing was
in Mainz. He afterwards resigned, and known iu Paris, Berlin, and other cities.
497
; 1;
'
, ;
LYXES
and Schumann liighly praised bis method. Inseum (1879), ii. 252, 314; Revue et Ga-
Works OpeiiiS : The Village Baihfi; St. '
zette musicale de P;u-is (1879), 294 (1880), ;
Petei-sburg, about 23.

1820 Bianea e Gual- LTSBERG, (CHARLES SAML'EL
;
j
1845 Un- BOVY), called, born in Geneva, March 1,

tiero, ib., ; ,
dine, Vienna, 18JIG 1821, died there, Feb. 15, 1873. Pianist,
The Embroiderer, pupil of Chopin and of Delau-e in Paris ;
St. Petersburg, about became professor of pianoforte at the Ge-

1840. liussian Na- neva Conservatoire. Feai-ing failure, ho
tional Hymn, 1833; pubhshed his first compositions iinder the
VioUn concerto 2 pseudonym of Lysberg, a village in Switzer-
;
violin fantasias Le land, and continued to use the name after

;
duel, for violin and he became popular. Works La fille du :
violoncello Stabat Mater Sacred choruses. carillonneur, opera-comique, Geneva, 1854

; ; ;
He hai-monized and edited chants and tunes Etudes de salon Romances s-ons paroles ;
Barcai'oUes Nocturnes Valses de salon, ; ;
and many other compositions for pianoforte,

numbering about 150. Fetis, Sujjplement,
ii. 138 Mendel Riemann. ; ;
Futis
of the Russi.an Church.
Riemann Wa.siclewski. Die
;
Schumann, Schriften, ii. 140.

LYNES, FRANK, bom in Cambridge,
; Mendel
Violinc, 401
I
M AAS, LOUIS, bom, of Germ.an pai-ent-
agc, in Wiesbaden, Gennany, Juno
21, 1852, still hving, 1889.
pupU of his
Pianist.
fa-
Massachusetts, May 16, 1858, still living, ther, and

18G7 in
1889. Pianist, pupil in Boston on the pi- -71 of Reinecke
anoforte and organ of B. J. Lang, and in and P.apperitz
harmony of K. Paine and in 1883-85, at
J. ;
at the Leipsic
the Leipsic Conservatorium, studied piano- Conservatorium ;
forte under Carl Reinecke and Bruno Zwint- be had, also, in-
cher, harmony and counterjioiut imder A. stinction fro m

Eichter, and composition under Jadassohn. Liszt during
On his retm-n to America he settled in Bos- three summei-s.
ton. and in 1887 was organist of St. Paul's
^
His eai-ly hfe was
Church. Works : Gavotte, for pianoforte spent mostly in London, where his family
and violin, op. 2 Romanza, for violin, vio-
;
went soon after his birth. In 1875-80 he
loncello, organ, and pianoforte, op. 4 4 ; was teacher of the pianoforte at the Leipsic
pianoforte solos, op. 5 ; Te Deum, op. 8 ;
Conservatorium. He went to America in
Songs. 1880, settled in Boston, and in the season
LYRE ET LA H.ARPE, LA, cantata, text of 1881-82 conducted the concerts of the
from Victor Hugo's poem, music by Saint- Boston Philharmonic Society, some of his
Sai-ns, composed for the Binningham (Eng- own compositions being given and he him-
land) Festival, Aug. 28, 1879. ilme Patey, self appearing as pianist. He has sinco
Mme Lemmens-Shenington, William H. played in many principal cities of the United
Cummings, and Charles Santley sang the States, and is at present a teacher of music
principal parts. Performed at tlie Concert in Boston. Works American svmphony.
:
Populaire de Palis, Jan. 11, ISSO. Athe-j On the Pi-airies, given in the Music Hall,
I6
;
Mx\.BELLi:XI
Boston, Dec. 14, ISSl! ; Overtures, suites, Other music to Macbeth has been written
inarclies, fantasias, etc., for orchestra ; 3 so- by Andre, Berlin, 1780 by Stegmann, ;
natas, autl a concerto for pianoforte ; Violin Hamburg, 1784 by Keichardt, Munich,
;
sonatas ; Songs. 1795 by EastreUi, Dresden, 1817

; by ;
MABELLDsI, TEODULO, born at Pis- Julius Piietz, Diisseldorf, 1840, and Edgar
toja, April 2, 1817, still living, 1889. Dra- S. Kelly, 1887 overtures by Henry H.
;
matic composer, pupil of Pilotti, then stud- Pierson, op. 54, and by Ignaz Briill, op.
ied at the music school in Florence (1833- 46, 1886, and overture and incidental mu-
oG), and under Mercadaute at Xovara.
later sic by Sir Ai-thur SuUivan, written for
He settled in Florence, where he became di- Henry Indng's revival of Macbeth at the
rector of the Societa Filarmonica in 1S13, Lyceum Theatre, London, December, 1888.
court maestro di cappella in 1847, leader Grove, ii. 157, 183 Burney, iv. 184
;
;
of orchestra at the Pergola, and j^rofessor Hawkins, iv. 394 " List of Songs in
;
of composition in the school of music. Shakespeare set to Music," New Shake-

Works Oiêras : IMatikla a Toledo, Flor- sjêare Society PubUcations, Series No. viii..
ence, 183G ; Rolla, Turin, 1840 ; Giuevi-a 3, 23 (London, 1884) ; Atheureum (1889) ;
degU 1841 II conte di Savagua, Academy (1889), 14.

.-Umieri, ib., ;
Florence, 1843 I Veueziani a Constanti-

;
IMACBETH, Italian opera in four acts,
nopoh. Home, 1844 Maria di Francia, text by Piave and Andrea Maffei, after
;
Florence, 184G II venturiere (with Gordi- Shakespeare, music by "Verdi, first repre-
;
giani), Leghorn, 18.51 Baldassar, Florence, sented at the Pergola, Florence, March 17,
;
1852 Fiammetta, ib., 1857. Oratorios 1847. It was given in New York in 1848.
; :
Eudossia e Paolo, ib., 1845, and L' ultimo This opera was revised by the com^joser,
gioruo di Gerusalemme, 1848-49. Canta- translated into French by Nuitter and Beau-
tas : La 1837 Eaffaele Sanzio, mont, and represented at the Theatre Lj--
caccia, ;
1842 II
; ritorno, 1S4G Lo s^jirito di ricpie, Paris, April 21, 1865, with Ismael as
;
Dante, Autiche festivita fiorentine, and IMacbeth and I\Ime Ke^'-Balla as Lady Mac-
others. Masses Motets Te Deums beth. Same title, opera in three acts, text
; ;
Psalms Hynnis and song.s. Fetis

;
do.. by Eouget de Lisle and Auguste Hix, mu- ;
Supplement, ii. 140 Mendel Iviemanu. sic by Chelard, first rejn-esented at the
; ;
aiACBETH, music to Sir "William Daven- Acadcmie Eoyale de Musique, Paris, June
anfs additions to Shakespeare's "Macbeth," 29, 1827. This work was a failure, but
by Matthew Lock, first performed with the Chelard rearranged the music, and the opera
l>\a.j at the theatre in Dorset Garden, Lon- was given in German, translation by Heigel,
don, in 1G72. Lock's music has been as- in Munich, 1828, and at the King's Theatre,
cribed to Henry Purcell, but he was only London, July 24, 1832, with success. Same
about fourteen years old in 1G72 to Rich- title, German opera in five acts, text by Eg-
;
ard Leveridge, who conijiosed music to Act gers, music by Taubert, Berlin, Nov. 11,
H. of Macbeth, about 1708 and to John 1857. Beethoven's sketches for an ojjera,
;
Eccles, whose music to Macbeth was first Macbeth, text by Collin, are in the KOnig-
performed at Drury Lane, London, in 1G9G. liche Bibliothek, Berlin. Ck'ment et La-
Previous to Sir "William Davcnaut's addi- rousse, 418 Lajarte, ii. 128 Hogarth, i. ; ;
tions. Lock had comjiosed a round to be 128 Chorley, Modern German Music, i. ;
danced by the weird sisters, which was in- 345 Berliner mus. Zeitg., vi. 5 Neue Ber- ; ;
cluded in "Musick's Delight on the Cith- Hner mus. Zeitg. (1857), 370, 379, 38G,
reu " as " Macbeth, a Jigg," and is also in- 393 Revue musicale, i. 520 Athenaeum ; ;
cluded in "The Plesant Companion to the (1832), 420, 444 (1877), i. 127 Mus. ; ;
Flageolet," signed with the initials M. L. "Wochenblatt (1879), 113.

;
; :
MACBETH
MACBETH, overture for orchestra in B Desveruine, and Mme Teresa Carreno. In
iniuor, by performed in
Sjwlir, op. 75, first 187G he went to Europe, and studied, at the
Magdeburg in 1829. It was giveu by the Paris Conservatoire, pianoforte under Mar-
Philharmonic Society, Loudon, in the sea- montel and theory under Savard and in ;
son of 1842. Published by Peters (Leip- 1879, atFraukfort-ou-the-Main, composition

sic). under Joachim Raff and the pianoforte
JIACBETH, ALLAN, born at Greenock, under Carl Heymann. In 1881-82 he was
Scotland, March 13, 185G, still living, 1889. first teacher of the pianoforte in the Darm-
Pianist, pupil in Robert Da- stadt Conservatorium, and later resided in
Edinburgh of
vidson and Otto Schweitzer, then at the Wiesbaden. In 1888 he returned to Amer-
Leipsio Conservatorium (1875-7G) of Itich- ica, and is living at present in Boston. He
ter, Reiuecke, and Jadassohn. He was con- has played in many concerts in Eurojje, and
ductor of the Glasgow Choral Union in at the Zurich Music Festival, in 1882, gave
1880, of the Greenock Select Choir in 1881 his own composition, the First Moderne
Organist and clioirniaster of Woodside Suite. Works Roland Synipliony, for or- :
Established Church in 1882, and of St. chestra, op. 30, 1887 4 orchestral poems ;
George's-in-the-Fields in 1884. "Works Hamlet, symphonic poem, 1885

: Ophelia, ;
The Duke's Doctor, operetta In memo- do., 1885 Lancelot and Elaine, op. 25, 188G ;
; ;
riam, for orchestra Forget-me-not, inter- Lamia, op. 29, 1887

; 1st concerto for pi- ;
mezzo for do. Serenata, for do. Danse anoforte and orchestra, in D minor, op. 15,
; ;
pizzicata, for do. Ballet de la cour, for do.

; 1882 2d do., in E-flat, New York, March
;
Trio for pianoforte and strings Suite of 6, 1889 Romauze for violoncello and or-
; ;
pieces for violoncello and pianoforte Pi- chestra, op. 34, 1887 1st moderne suite for
; ;
anoforte music and songs. pianoforte, op. 10, 1881 2d do., op. 23, ;
MACCUNN, HAIUSH, born in Scotland, 1886 Prelude et fuguo for pianoforte, op. ;
.<^-
contemporary. A 13, 1881 Waldidyllen for pianoforte, op. ;
rising young musi- 19, 1884 Other pianoforte music Songs. ; ;
cian, who has pro- JLVCFARREN, Sir GEORGE iVLEX-

duced several cred- ANDER, born in London, March 2, 1813,
itable works. He died there, Oct. 31, 1887. Dramatic com-
is now said to be po.ser, son of George Jlacfarreu, dramatist
engaged upon an (1788-1843) pupil in 1827 of Charles ;
opera on the sub- Lucas, and in 1829 studied pianoforte,

ject of the mas- trombone, and composition at the Royal
sacre of Glcncoe, Academy of Music, where, in 1834, ho was
the text of which appointed a jjrofessor. In 1834 he gave at
is furnished by the Society of British Musicians his sym-
Richard Gallienne and Wilson Barrett. phony in F minor, in 1836 his overture
Works Land o' the mountain and the Chevy Chase, and in 1838, at the Lyceum,
:
flood, overture The Downie Dens o' Yar- his Devil's Opera, which attracted liublic
;
row, do., 1887 Lord Ulliu's Daughter, attention. Though his vision became early
;
ballad for orchestra The Ship o' the imjiaired and finally resulted in total bliml-
;
Fiend, do., 1888 Lay of the Last Jliustrel, ncss, he confined his work at then Royal
;
cantata, 1889. Academy and his compositions, dictating

MACDOWELL, EDWARD ALEXAN- the latter to an amanuensis. In 1875 he
DER, born, of American parentage, in New succeeded Sterndale Bennett as professor
York, Dec. 18, 1861, still Hviug, 1889. Pi- of Music at Cambridge, and in the same
anist, pupil in New York of J. Buitrago, P. year was appointed priucijjal of the Royal
BOO
:
MACFAKEEN
Aciulciuy of Music. lu 187G be received cabsBus harmonized the airs in CliappeH's
;
tliedegree of M.A. from Cambridge and Popular Music of the Olden Time and ;
that of Mus. Doc. arranged Moore's Irish Melodies, 1859, and

from Oxford. In Scotch Songs. Literary Works Iludi- :
18 83 he was raents of Harmony (1860) Six Lectures ;
knighted. His on Harmony (1SG7) Analyses of oratorios ;
wife Nataha (Au- (1853-57) and of orchestral works (1869-

drae) Macfarreu is 71) Many articles ou musical subjects.
;
a singer and teach- Grove Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 140

; ; ;
er, and has trans- Riemann Athenivuni (1887), ii. 611.

;
lated the texts of liLiCFARKEN, WALTER CECIL, born

many important in Loudon, Aug. 28, 1826, still living,
choral and dram- George Alex- 1889. Pianist, brother of Sir
atic works. Works ander Macfarren, pujiil at the Royal Acad-
Oiêras The Devil's Opera, London, ^Vug. emy of Music of Holmes, Potter, and his
:
13, 1838 Don Quixote, ib., 181G Charles IL, brother.

; He became professor at the ;
ib., 1849 Eobiu Hood, ib., 1860 Freya's Academy in 1846, conductor of the Acad-
; ;
Gift, a masque Jessy Lea, ib., 18G3 She emy Concerts in 1873, director of the
; ;
Stoops to Conquer, The Soldier's Legacy, Philharmonic Society in 1868, and treas-
and Helvellyn, ib., ISG-l Outward Bound urer of do. in 1876. Works Symiihony
;
;
:
;
The Prince of Modeua (MS.) Caractacus Overtures to A Winter's Tale, Beppo, Hero ;
(MS.) El Malhechor (MS.) Allan of Aber- and Leander, Henry the Fifth
; ;Pastoral ;
feldy (MS.). Oratorios: Saint John the overture Conzertstiick for pianoforte and ;
Baptist, Bristol Festival, 1873 The liesur- orchestra Services and anthems Piano- ; ; ;
rcctiun, Birmingham Festival, 187G Joseph, forte music Part-songs and songs. ; ;
Leeds Festival, 1877 King David, 1883. MACHADO, RAPHAEL COELHO, born
;
Cantatas: Lcnora, 1851; ihnj Day, Brad- at Angra do Heroismo, Azores, in 1814,
ford Festival, 185G Christmas, 1859 The still living, 1889. ;
He studied music in ;
Ladij of the Lake, Glasgow Festival, 1877 Lisbon until 1835 went to Brazil in 1838 ; ; ;
Emblematical Tribute on the Queen's Mar- travelled in 1852-53 in England, France,

riage, London, 1840 The Sleeper Awa- Spain, Portugal, then returned to Brazil,
;
kened, sereuata, ib., 1851. Symphonies and edited a musical journal in 1842-46.
No. 1, 1828 No. 2 No. 3, A minor No. Works 3 masses 2 Te Deum About 50
; ; ; : ; ;
4, F minor, 1834; No. 5, B-flat ; No. 6, C- Brazilian songs ; Several didactic works, a
sharp minor ; No. 7, D. Overtures : Chevy method for the organ, do. for pianoforte,
Chase, 1836 ; The Meri'hant of Venice Eo- and a Dicciouario musical (Rio de Janeiro,
;
meo and Juliet ; Hamlet ; Don Carlos ;

1855). Vasconcellos, i. 219 ; Fetis, Supple-
Overture in ; An-
E-flat. ment, ii. 143 Mendel, Ergiinz., 254.
Cathedral service ;
thems, chants, and psalm tunes Introits JilACHE DICH AUF, WERDE LIGHT, ;
for the Holy Days and Seasons of the Eng- chorus in D major in Mendelssohn's ruida^,
lish Church (1866) Songs in a Cornfield Part L (No. 15). ;
(1868) Shakespeare Songs for 4 voices

;
MACHE DICH, IMEIN HERZE, REIN,
(1860-64), and many other songs; String aria in B-llat major for the bass of Coro I.,
quartets String quintet Concerto for vio- with accompaniment of two oboi di caccia,
; ;
lin and orchestra Sonatas for pianoforte strings complete, organ, and continuo, in
;
alone and with other instruments. He Johann Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Mat-
has edited also Pui'cell's Dido and J3neas, thiius (No. 75). In Franz's edition of the
1840 Jephthah
; Belshazzar Judas Mac- score the two oboe di caccia parts are dis-
; ;
501
! ;
MACnTS
tributed between two oboes aud two clari- Schwarzburg-Sondershauseu, Germany, in
nets. 1857, of L'lrich Eduard Stein. He became

MACHTS, CARL, bom in Weimar, June violinist in the ducal
16, 184G, still living, 1889. Pianist and / N. orchestra there in

violinist ; was called to Eiga as Kapellmeis- fe^ ilK> 1
1801; returned to
ter of the city theatre in 1875. Works : Loudon in 1862 to
Overtures to Othello and Hamlet ; Piano- study ^-iolin under
forte music ;
Choruses and songs. and theory Snintou
MACIRONE, CL.lllA ANGELA, born in under Charles Lucas,
London, Jan. 20, and was elected lung's
1821, still living, Scholar of the Royal
1889. Vocal and in- Academy of Music the
strumental com- same year. In 1805 he went to Edinburgh,
poser, pupil at the and devoted himself to teaching pianoforte
Royal Academy of and to composition. He lived on the Con-
Music on the piano- tinent in 1879. Works C'oloi/iha, lyrical :
forte of W. H. drama (HueS'er), London, Drury L-ine, April

Holmes and Cipri- 9, 1883 The Troubadour, opera, ib., 1880 ; ;
ani Potter, in singing The Eose of Sharon, oratorio, Norwich,

of Signor Negri, and 1884 The Bride, cantata for soli, chorus,
;
in composition of Charles Lucas. She was and orchestra, op. 25 ; Janon, dramatic can-
elected an associate of the Philhai-mouic tata, Bi-istol Festival, 1882 ; The Stonj of
Society, was pi-ofessor of pianoforte at the Sayid, cantata, Leeds Festival, Oct. 13,
Royal Academy, then head music-mistress of 1880 Cotter's Saturday Night, cantata, ;
Aske's school for girls, Hatcham, and now 1888 Dream of Jubal, Liverpool, 1889 ;
;
head music-mistress of the Church of Eng- Rhapsodic ecossaise, for orchestra, op. 21 ;
land high school for girls, Baker Street, do.. No. 2, op. 24 Overture to Cervantes ;
London, N. W. Miss Maciroue is one of do. to Twelfth Night Tempo di Ballo, over- ;
the best-known of British women-composers ture for orchestra Scherzo, for do. Con- ; ;
and teachers, and her success in training certo for violin and orchestra, 1885 Organ ;
pupils has elicited high commendation. Of and pianoforte music Part-songs and ;
her comi)ositions the most successful arc songs Benedictus for violins and wind in- ;
her part-songs, which have been sung at struments. Grove Fctis, Suppk'ment, ii. ;
the Crystal Palace and Exeter Hall by three 143 N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1884), 34.5. ;
thousand voices. Works Part-songs Sir

MACLEAN, CHARLES DONALD, born :
Knight, Sir Knight Ragged and torn and in England, March

;
true ; Autolycus' Song ; Cavalier's Song ;

The Battle of the Baltic ; Old Daddy Long- 1889. Organist, pu-
legs Jack and Jill The Soldier's Dream pil of
; ; Ferdinand ;
Ride a Cock Horse, etc. Songs Benedic- Hiller at Cologne ; ;
tus Te Deum Anthems Pianoforte mu- organist of Exeter

; ; ;
sic, etc. College, Oxford,

]\IACKENZIE, ALEXANDER CAMP- 1862 ; do. and mu-
BELL, born in Edinburgh, Aug. 22, 1847, sic director at Eton,
still living, 1889. Mus. Bac,
Violinist, sou of Alex- 1872.
ander Mackenzie (1819-18.57) and grand- Oxford, 1800 Mus. ;
sou of John Mackenzie (1797-1852), both Doc, ib., 1865. Works Noah, dramatic
violinists pupil of his father, and in oratorio, 1865 Pianoforte music and songs.
; ;
508
: ;
MAgON
MACON, LE (The Mason), oix'ra-pomiqne about 1750 by Alessandro Scarlatti,1752 by
; ;
ill three acts, test b}' Scribe and Germain Giovanni 1804 in French,
Liverati, Trieste, ;
Delavigne, music by Auber, tirst represented by Franz Horzizki, Reinsburg, about 1791.
at the Ojjera Comique, Paris, May 3, 1825. JIAGAZZARI, GAETANO, born at Bo-
One of Auber's masterpieces in ojx'ra-co- logna about 180S, died in Milan, March 27,
and long popular
iiiique, revived at the ; 1872. The most pojmlar national compos-
Opera Comique, Paris, Feb. 6, 1880. Pub- er of Italy during the revolutionary perio<I
hshcd l)y Hofmeister (Leipsic) and by Di- of 184G-48 lived in Turin, afterwards in
;
abi'lli (Vienna). Allgem. his numerous vocal and in-

nius. Zeitg., xxvii. Milan. Among
.598 ; Berhner mus. Eevue strumental compositions, mostl}' suggested
Zeitg., ii. 271 ;
et Gazette musicale de Paris (1880), 41. by patriotic sentiment, the hymns on Pope
MACQUE, JEAN DE (Giovanni di), Bel- Pius IX. and on Charles Albert of Sardinia
gian comjôser of the 16th century. He were sung everywhere in Italy. Member
was pupil of Philipiê de Mons, and was of Bologna and Parma Academies, of the
organist to the Vice-King of Naples about Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, and of the Filar-
1540, and maestro di cappella there about monica iu Rome, and of several French art
1592. Works : Litanie a 8 voci (Najiles, societies. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 144.
1540) ; CanzonetteNapoletana a G voci
alia ]\IAGI, FORTUNATO, born in Lucca,
(ib., 1555) Several books of madrigals
; Oct. 6, 1839, still living, 1889. Pupil of
Some compositions in various collections. Puccini became teacher of harmony in the ;
Fetis; Mendel. Institute of his native town in 1857 suc- ;
MA BALL' ARIDO STELO. See 7?a//o ceeded Puccini in 1861 as professor of

in Maschera. counterpoint and as maestro di cappella at
MADAMINA, XL CATALOGO. See Don the cathedral. Was appointed director of
Giovanni. the Institute in 1872, but soon after gave
MADLSEDER, NONOSUS, superior of up all his positions in the city and occupied
the Benedictine Monastery of St. Gall at similar places at Sarzaua iu 1874 he be- ;
Andich, Bavaria, died there, still young, in came director of the public music schools iu
March, 1773. Works Offertoria XV pro Ferrara and in 1876 at La Spezia. Works
: :
principalioribus festivitatibus Domini, etc. L' onore di una donna, opera I trc rivali, ;
(Augsburg, 1765) Offertoria XV solemnia comic opera

;
Esther, oratorio Burla- ; ;
de festis Sanctorum, etc. (ib., 1767) Mise- macchi, cantata Christus Miserere Mo-
; ; ; ;
rere V et Stabat Mater pro tempore quadra- tets, graduals, etc. Fetis, Supplement, ii.
gesimale (ib., 1768) Vesperas solemnes sed 145 Mendel, Ergiinz., 256.
; ;
breves, etc. (Andich, 1771). Fetis. MAGIC FLUTE. See Zauberjldte.

MAESTRO DI MUSICA, IL (The Music MAGICIENNE, LA, opera in five acts,
Master), intermezzo in two acts, by Pergo- test by Saint-Georges, music by Halevy,
Icsi, tirst represented in Naples in 1731 first represented at the Academic Roj'ale de
;
and at the Academic Royale de Musique, Musique, Paris, March 17, 1858. Subject,
Paris, Sept. 19, 1752, with this east the legend of Melusine. Original cast :
Laui-etta Signora Tonnelli. Melusine Mme Borghi-iMamo.

Lamberto Signor Cosini. Blanche de Poitou Mme Lauters.
Collagiani Signor Manelli. Rene, vicomte de Thouars M. Gueymard. . .
Le chevalier Stello
M. Bonnehee.
Represented at the Bouffons Italiens, Paris,
Le comte de Lusignan
M. Belval.
with a new luimber by Pietro Auletta, Oct.
3, 1752. This opera was long popular.
Clement et Larousse, 421 Revue et Ga- ;
Same title, operas in Italian, by Martini, zette musicale do Paris (1858), 89.
;
MAGNI
IMAGNI, BENEDETTO, born at Ravenna xi., & Hilrtel (Leipsic, 18G1). Ad-
Breitkopf
about 1580, died (?). Orfjanist of the ca- ditionalaccompaniments to this work have
tbedi-al at Ravenna. Works : Coueerti e been written by Franz (full and pianoforte
Motetti, bb. i. (Venice, 1G12) ; do., Ub.
ii. score, Breslau, Leuckart). Sung at the
(ib., 1612) ; do., bb. iii. (ib., IGIG) Messe Leeds Musical Festival (England), Sept. 22,
;
coucertate a otto voei, bb. i.-iii. (ib.); Ma- 1877. Bach wrote a Magnificat for soprano
drigab. Fc-tis. with a small orchestra, but this is lost. He
MAGXI, GIUSEPPE, born at Fobguo composed also a Magnificat to German
in the second half of the 17tb century. He words, Meine Seel' erhebt den Herrn, for
was maestro di cappella at the cathedral of the Feast of the Visitation. Bach-Gesell-
his native city and, about 1700, considered schaft, vol. i..
No. 10. Sjiitta, Bach, ii.
one of the prominent musicians of his time. 198 ; Bitter, Bach, ii. 173 Robert Franz,
;
His only known work is Decio in Foligno, Jlittheilungen iiber Johann Sebastian Bach's
sacred melodrama, performed at the cathe- Magnificat, Karmrodt (Halle, 1863); Ath-
dnd, 1G07. Fetis. enirum (1877), ii. 410 ; Upton, Standard
MAGNIEN, VICTOR, born at l^pinal Oratorios, 48.
(Vosges), France, Nov. 19, 1804, died at MAGNIFICAT in D, for four voices and
Lille in June, 188.5. and guitar Violinist orchestra, l)y Francesco Durante. This, one
player, pupil in Paris of Rodolphe Kreut- of the master's noblest compositions, has
zer and on the guitar of CaruUi in 1820 ; also been supplied with additional accom-
he went to Colmar, where his family then j)animents by Franz, in which form it is
resided, began to teach, and soon after was published, in full and pianoforte score
given a lucrative position at Miihlhausen, (Karmrodt, Halle, 18GG). It was given for
w^hence he visited Paris annually for three the first time in America, in Boston, Mass.,
months, to study under Baillot, Lafont, and Music Hall, Jan. 20, 1870. Dwight's Jour-
F('tis. After the revolution of 1830 he be- nal, XXX. 182.
came chef d'orchestre of the Philharmonic SLVGNUS, Dl^Smf] (Magnus Doutz),

Society at Beauvais (Oise), and in 181G called, born at Brussels, June 13, 1828, died
director of the Conservatoire at Lille. in Paris cai-ly in January, 1884. Pianist,
Works Mass Concerto for violin, op. 45
: ; ;
pupil of VoUweiler at Heidelberg, then stud-
Fantaisie caprice for do., with pianoforte, ied at the Bnissels Conservatoire, where he
op. 4J) Etudes, op. 41
; Divertissement et ; won the first prize in 1843. After several
bolero for violin, op. 52 Duos for violin ; successful concert tours through England,
and guitar Themes varies for violin, with
; Germany, Russia, Spain, etc., he settled in
(jiiartet Duos and nocturnes for 2 guitars
; Paris, and soon secured a reputation as pi-
Fantaisies, roudeaux, themes varies for gui- anist, teacher, composer, and musical critic.
tar. Fi'tis. Works : La Toh'daue, parlour-opera, given
MAGNIFICAT in D. for Taitbout, 1874 Sonatas,
five voices (two in Paris, Salle ;
and bass), with organ, marches, fantaisies, and other music for jti-
soprani, alto, tenor,
strings, two oboes, two flutes, three trum- anoforte, iind some vocal melodies. His
pets, drums, and continuo, by Johann Se- Methode elementaire de piano (1879) is in
bastian Bach, first performed in the Tho- great favour. Fetis.
maskirche, Leipsic, Christmas Day, 1723. MAHU, STEPHAN, German composer,
Four vocal numbers were introduced by famous contrapuntist of the first half of the
Bach, the words of which were taken from IGth century. He is supposed to have been
Kuhnau's Christmas cantata. Published by a singer in the chapel of the Emperor Fer-
Simrock (Bonn, 1811) edited by Dr. Wil- dinand I. To judge from his works, he was
;
belm Rust for the Bach-Gesellschaft, vol. one of the best masters of his time. Works :
604
MAID
Lamentationes Hieremi.T, in Joannelli's MAILLART (LOUIS), called AIME, born
Novas Thesaurus musiciG (1.5G8) Choral at Montpellier (Herault), France, March
;
melodies in Walther's Cantiouale (1551) 24, 1817, died at Moulins (Allier), May 20, ;
And other songs and motets in different 1871. Dramatic composer, pupil at Paris
collections.
Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 98 Conservatoire of Guorin on the violin, of ;
Mendel Fetis Gerber Schilling Win- Elwart and Leborno in harmonj' and com-
; ; ; ;
terfeld, Kircliengesaug, i. 203 Ambros, position obtained the grand prix for com-
; ;
Gesch., iii. 389. position in 1841, spent two years in Italy,

MAID OF AETOIS, THE, English opera and visited Vienna and the principal cities
in three acts, text bj' Balfe, of Germany on his return to Paris.
by Bunn, music Works
lirst represented at Driiry Lane, London, Operas, all given in Paris
Gastibelza, :
May 27, 1836. It was written for Malibran, 1847 Le moulin des tilleuls, 1849 La croix ; ;
who a2")peared in the title-nMe. The rondo de Marie, 1852 Les dragons de
; Villar.s,
sung by her, proved so eflective that 185G

finale, as Lara, ; Les pccheurs de Catane, 18G0 ;
it became pojsular throughout Europe and 18G4. 2 cantatas. Fetis do., Suiiislement, ;
was known as "Balfe's air." Kenuey, Balfe, ii. 148

Riemann Larousse Clement, ; ; ;
117 Edwards, The Prima Donna, ii. 154.

; Mus. celc'bres, G21.
MAID OF HONOUR, THE, English MAILLY, JEAN ALPHONSE ERNEST,
comic opera in three acts, text by Fitzball, born in Brussels, Nov. 27, 1833, still living,
music by Balfe, first represented at Drury 1889. Organist and jjianist, pujîl at Brus-
Lane, London, Dec. 20, 1847. The subject sels Conservatoire of Girschner became ;
is the
same as Flotow's lifarlha. Keuney, accompanist at the Theatre de la Monnaie,
Balfe, 218; Athenfcum (1847), 1330. organist of St. Joseph's Church, professor
MAID OF ORLEANS, sonata for piano- of pianoforte at the Conservatoire in 18G1,
forte, by William Sterndale Bennett, op. of the organ in 18G9, and organist of the
iCi. Subject, Schiller's tragedy. I. Andante Carmelite Church. He has played in Paris,
Pastorale, Auf der Weide, in A-flat II. Im ; London, Amsterdam, and other cities, and
Felde, in A-flat minor HI. Adagio, Im ; Berlioz calls him one of the most learned
Gefiingniss, in E IV. Finale, " Knrz ist der
; of organ virtuosos. Works Organ sona- :
Schmerz und ewig ist die Freudc." Pub- tas, fantaisies, morceaux de genre, etc., for
lished by Kistuer (Leipsic, 187()). Grove, organ Serenade, for flute, violin, violon-
;
iii. 580. cello, organ, and pianoforte Trio for j)i- ;
MAID OF ORLEANS, incidental music anoforte and strings Collection of pieces ;
to Schiller's tragedy, by Frederic H. Cowcn, for pianoforte Motets for 1-4 voices,
;
first performed at the Brighton (England) with organ Melodies and chorals. Fetis,
;
Musical Festival in February, 1871, conduct- Supplement, ii. 149 Mendel, Ergaiiz., ;
ed by the composer. It was performed at 257.

the Glasgow Orchestral Concert, under the MiilNBERGER, JOHANN KARL, born
direction of Sir Arthur Sullivan, Dec. 23, in Nuremberg in 1750, died there, April 22,
1875. L Overture U. Entr'acte HI.
; ; 1815. Pianist and organist, pupil of Gruber,
Scherzo TV. March.
; early acquired great facility in playing wind
M.VILLi\ED, JEAN, French composer, instruments, and in 17G8 became oboist in
of the IGth century. He seems to have the city orchestra, in 1770 its organist, in
lived in Paris, but nothing is known of his 1780 organist at St. Lorenz, and in 1796
position. Works : Mass in the Pontifical Kapellmeister of the city orchestra, having
Chapel in Rome Other masses 20 canti- already for twelve years conducted the stand-
; ;
ones sacra) (Paris, 15G1) Songs and motets ard winter concerts.
; Works Der Spiegel- :
in various collections. Fetis; Mendel.

ritter, opera, given at Nuremberg about
;
MAINZER
Joseph's IL ToJtenfeier, melodrama ; Die dre Duval, music l)y Dalayrac, first repre-
Aufersteliung mid Himmelfalirt Jesii, ora- sented at the OiJcra Comique, Paris, Oct.
torio (text b_y Masses, Te Deum,
Ramler) ; 23, 1800. Martin, EUeviou, Douzainville,
cburcli cantatas, and other sacred music Mme Douzainville, and Mme Dugazou sang ;
Symphonies for orchestra Sonatas and the chief parts. It was one of the most
;

concertos for 2>ianoforte, etc. Fetis Schil- amusing operas of its time, and was long
;
ling. popular. Published by Schott (Mainz).

MAINZER, FRIEDRICH, born about Other operas in German, Das Haus ist zu
17G0, died after 1827. Virtuoso on the vio- verkaufeii, by F. A. Mauer, Munich, 1802 ;
lin and claiinet player at first a member by Hummel, Vienna, 1812 and by F. Zaver
; ;
of the chamber music of the Margrave of Pentenrieder, Munich, 1847 in Italian. ;
Brandeiiburg-Sclnvedt, entered the service Casa a vendere, by Chelard, Naples, 1815 ;
of the Duke of Mecklcnburg-Strelitz in 1795, and by Gagliardi, ib., 1834. Allgem. mus.
and of the King of Bavaria in 1807. Zeitg.', vi. 322.
Works C quartets for flute, violin, viola,
: MAISTRE, Baronnc DE, French ama-
and violoncello Rondo espagnol vario for teur dramatic conqsoser, contemporary.
;
violin, with quartet German songs for 4 Works Les Roussalkas, ofiera, given at
; :
voices. Brussels, Theatre de la Jlonnaio, 1870 ;
MAINZER, Abbo JOSEPH, born at Ninive, do. Cleopatra, do. Stabat Mater, ; ;
Treves in 1801, died at Manchester, Eng- and other sacred music.

land, Nov. 10, 18.51.He received his mu- MAITRE-AIMBROS, oprra-comiquo, text
education in his native town, and be- by Cojipt'e and Dorchain, music b^' Widor,
sical
came teacher of singing in the seminary rej)resented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
there. His political ojiinious compelled May G, 188G. Scene, in the Wars of Inde-
him to Germany, and he went to
leave pendence in the Netherlands. The opera,
Brussels, and thence to Paris, where be which was remarkably well set, met with
taught, and wrote musical criticisms. In moderate success.
1839 he went to England, where he started MAlTRE DE CHAPELLE, LE, op.'ra-
classes on Wilhem's system and was quite comiquo in two acts, text by Mme Sophie
successful. Works Operas Le triomjihe : Gay, music by Pai'r, first rejireseuted at the
de la Pologne, about 1832, and La Jac- Theatre Feydeau, Paris, March 29, 1821.
querie, 1838 ; Singschule (Treves, 1831). It ranks with Agticsr, Paer's best opera
Methode de chant pour les enfants (Paris, Other ojêras, same title, in Italian, seria.
1835, 2d ed., 1838) jM.'thode do chant TL maestro di cappella, liy Florian G. Dellcr,
;
pour voix d'hommes, Bibliotheque elemen- Munich, 1771 by Domenico della Maria, ;
taire du chant (ib., 183G) Methode pra- Najjles, 1792 in German, Der Kapellmeis-
; ;
tique de iîano pour les enfants, Abrccdaire ter, Singspiel in two acts, by Lorazi, Berlin,
de chant (ib., 1837) Ecole chorale (ib., 1782 by Lasscr, Gi-atz, 1789. Revue mu-
; ;
1838) Cent melodies enfantines (ib., 1840) sicale, iii. 154.
;
Singing for the Million (London, 1842) MAJO, FRANCESCO DI, called Ciccio ;
Esquisses musicales, ou souvenirs de voy- di Majo, born in Naples in 1745, died in

age (Paris, 1838-39) Musical Athenaeum Rome in 1770. Dramatic and church com-
;
(London, 1842) Chronique musicale de poser, son and pupil of Giuseppe di Majo
; ;
Paris (Paris, 1838) Mainzer's Musical finished his musical education at the Na-
;
;
Times Other articles on music. Grove ples Conserv.atorio. Ho began comjiosing ;
Mendel Riemann Fctis.; at an early age and shortly before his death
;
MAISON A VENDRE (House for Sale), was summoned to Rome to write for the
opc'ra-comique in one act, text by Alexan- opera there. His compositions combine
606
: ;
MAJO
great diiimatic power with expressive mel- Judas Maccabieus Herr Betz.
ody aud pure harmony. Works Operas Eleazar : Herr Ernst.
Astrea Placata, Najsles, 17(jO ; Ai'taserse, Leah Frl Marianne Brandt.
Ifigeuia in Aulide, 17G2 Catone in Cleopatra
ib., ; Frl Grossi.
Utica, ib., 17(53 ; Demofoonte, Eome, 1764 Noomi ;
Frl Lehmaun.
Montezuma, Turin, 17G5 ; Adriano in Siria,
It was represented at St. Petersburg, un-
Naples, 17GG Alessandro nell' Indie, ib.,
;
der Rubinstein's direction, Feb. 3, 1877.
17G7 ; Antigono, Didone abban- Published by Bote & Bock (Berlin, 1875).
ib., 17G8 ;
donata, ib., 17G9 Ulisse, Rome, 1769 Iper-

;
Other operas on the same subject In Ger- ;
:
mestra, Naples, 1770 L'eroe Cinese, 1771

man, Die Blakkabaische Mutter, five acts
;
First act of Eumene, 1771. La Gara delle and prologue, text by Elmenhorst, music
Grazie, cantata Gesu sotto il pieso delta
;
Croce, sacred drama 5 masses Psalms, ; ;
graduals, and otlier cliureli music. Fetis ;
do., Supplement, ii. 150 Mendel Schil- ; ;
ling ; Gerber.
MAJO, GIUSEPPE DI, born at Naples
in 1G89, died (?). Church aud dramatic
comiDoser,pupil of Alessandro Scarlatti,
succeeded Durante as maestro di cappella
in 1727. Works Dixit ad otto reali in :
due cori Miserere mei a tre, con due vio-

;
lini ed organo ; Letauie delta Madonna a

quattro voci, 2 violini, violetta ed organo ;
II finto Laccheo, opera buft'a, Naples, tea-

tro de' Fiorentiui, 1725 ; II vecchio avaro,
1727. Fetis.
do., ib.,
MAJOCCHI, LUIGI, born in Codogno,
Lombardy, in 1809, died there, October,
183G. Dramatic composer, studied at Mi-
lan,then under Simone Mayr at Bergamo ;
was afterwards violoncellist at the Teatro

Carcano, Milan. Works Rosamunda, given :
in Milan, Seala, 1831 II segi'eto, Parma, ;
1833 ; Cristiua di Svezia (unfinished). Fe- Marianne Brandt

.tis.
MAKKABAER, DIE (The Maccabees), by Johann Wolfgang Franck, Hamburg,

opera in three by Mosenthal, after
acts, text 1G79 in Italian, by Attilio Ariosti, Venice,
;
Otto Ludwig's drama of the same title, 1704 ; I fratelli Maccabei, by Vittorio Tren-
music by Rubinstein, first represented at Die Makkabiior, biblical to, Rome, 1818 ;
the Imperial Opera House, Berlin, April 17, drama, with music by Seyfried, Vienna,
1875. It was conducted by the composer 1818. Signale (1875), 337; (1877), 225;
and was received with great apj)lause. Sub- (1878), 305 (1882), 897 Hauslick, Musi- ; ;
ject -Judas Maccabseus, victorious over An- kalische Stationen, 321

: Clement et La- ;
tiochus. King of Syria, finds that the latter rousse, 858 La Mara, Mus. Studienkopf, ;
has executed his mother, Leah, and his iii. 21L

brothers. The climax is the despair of MALBROOK S'EN VA-T'-EN GUERRE,
Judas. Original cast a celebrated French song, by an unkuoAvn
607
;
M ALDER
author. The style of the music belongs to critic, pupil of Sauz;iy, and at Cassel of
the time of Louis XIV., aud part of the Spohr, whose life he wrote. He founded a
words are supposed to have been written musical paj)er in Paris, and endeavoured to
in the bivouac of Maruchal de Villars, at establish popular concerts at the Theatre de
Le Quesnoy, ou the night after the battle of la Gaite, but being unsuccessful, returned to
Malplaquet, Sept. 11, 1709. It is similar Germany in 1858, and edited the feuilleton
in construction to the lament on the death of the French journal at Frankfort in 18G4 ;
of the Due de Guise, published in 15GG. he published Le Monde nmsical at 15russels.

Marie Antoinette heard it sung in 1781 as a Works Overture to Hamlet Le dernier
: ;
lullaby to the infant dauphin, and singing jour d'un condamne, fantasia for orchestra
it herself, it soon became popular through- Vie du marin, symphony for do.; La vie du
out France. Bourrienne says, in his Mu- soldat, do.; Nonet for string and wind in-
moires, that Nai:)oleon used to whistle it struments Trio for pianoforte, and strings
; ;
when about to join the army, aud that his Mass for male voices and wind instruments.
valet always knew, when he heard him, that Fetis ; Riemann.
a campaign was imminent. The tune is fa- JLALINCONIA, LA, name given by Beet-
miliarly sung in English to the words, "For hoven to a romantic intermezzo of forty-
he's a jolly good fellow," and " We won't go four measures, between the Scherzo and the
home till morning." It is frequently used in Finale of his quartet in B-flat, op. 18, No. G
French vaudevilles, and Bcaumarchais in- [Lobkowilz). The tempo is Adagi( the direc- ),
"
troduced it into his " JIariage de Figaro tion, Questo pezzo si deve trattare colla piii
(1784:). Beethoven made it the symbol of gran delicatezza. The theme apjjears twice
the French army in his Battle Symjihouy, in the Finale. Lenz, Beethoven, vol. i., part
op. 91 (1813), and Mozart used it as a theme i. 178 Grove. ;
for ten variations (Artaria, Vienna). It is MALHÎERO, FRANCESCO, born at Ro-

also the subject of an 02)cra-bouffe, text by vigo in 1822, stUl livmg, 1889. Dramatic
Siraudin and Busuach, music by Bizet, Jo- composer. Works Giovanna di Napoli, :
nas, Legouix, and Delibes, first represented given at Padua, 1842 Attila, Venice, 184G, ;
at the Athcnee, Paris, Dec. 15, 18G7.

Mas- afterwards as Ildegonda di Bologna, at
son, La lyre franyaise, 272 Clement et La- Milan Alberigo da Romano, Venice, 184G,
; ;
rousse, 738 Engel, The Study of National 18G9 Linda d' Ispahan Fernando Cortez,
; ; ;
Music, 190 Eambossou, Les harmonies du lyrical drama, Venice, 1851

; A Rossini, ;
son, 51 ;Grove. cantata Vocal melodies. Fetis do.. Sup-

; ;
MALDER, PIERRE VAN, born in Brus- plement, ii. 151.

sels, May 13, 1724, died there, Nov. 3, MALLIOT, ANTOINE LOUIS, born at
1768. Violinist, pupil of Croes was cham- Lyons, Aug. 30, 1812, died at Rouen, April
;
ber musician to Prince Charles of Lorraine, 5, 18G7. Dramatic singer (tenor) aud com-
having first been solo violinist at the court poser, pupil in Paris of Choron, and at the
opera in 1755-58. He was among the first Conservatoire of Garaude and Banderali,
composers to cultivate the symphony and afterwards at Rouen pupil of Amcdee
the string quartet. Works La bagarre, Moreaux in harmony. In 1835-43 he sang
:
comic opera, Paris, 17G2 18 symphonies for successively on the stages at Nancy, Metz,
;
strings, 2 oboes, aud 2 horns G quartets Lille, Lyons, Brussels, and Rouen, win-
;
for strings G sonatas for 2 violins aud ning applause every whei'e
; but, being of ;
bass Violin music.

;
Riemann Viotta. ;delicate constitution, he gave up the dra-
:\IALIBRAN, ALEXANDRE, born in matic career, and settled at Rouen to teach
Paris, Nov. 10, 1823, died there, Jlay 13, the voice, and was also a musical critic
18G7. Virtuoso ou the violin, and musical there for twenty years. Works La Ven- :
608
;:
MAL
clcemie, ojjern,, given at lloueii, Tliuatre-dus- capi)clla of S. Maggiorc, and in 1607-8 M
Arts, 1857 La, truflbmanie, opLTa-boiifl'e, of S. Giovanni in Laterano, and afterwards
;
ib., 18G1 lloiiiauccs ami melodies.

;
Fetis, of the Santa Casa at Loreto mentioned ;
Sujjpleiueut, ii. 152. by Cereto in 1601 as among the most emi-

MAL KEGGENDO. See Trovutore. nent contemporaneous composers. Woi'ks
MALZAT, JOHANN mCHAEL, born in 32 motets for 4-8 voices Litanies for 8 ;
Vienna about 1730, died at Botzen, Tyrol, voices ; Madrigali a cinque voci (Venice,
ill 1791. Virtuoso on the oboe and the 1595). Fetis.
English horn, pupil of his father, who was MANCINI, FEANCESCO, born in Naples
imperial chamber musician. For several iji 1674, died there in 1739. Dramatic com-
jears in the service of the Ai'chbishop of poser, pupil of Francesco Durante at the
Salzburg, he made concert tours through Conservatorio di Sau Loreto, of which he
Franco, Italy, and Switzerland, creating became first master in 1720. He coudvicted
much enthusiasm, and settletl at Botzen, to the orchestra of the Teatro San Bartolo-
teach. Works 3 symjihonies concertantes, meo
: was appointed second master of the ;
for oboe and horn 2 do., for oboe and royal chapel in 1709, and first master in
;
bassoon concertos for oboe, horn, and 1728.

; Works Operas Alfonso, 1697 :
;
other instruments 3 sextets for oboes i L' Ariovisto, 1702

; Gli amanti geuerosi,
; ;
quintets for oboes and flutes 11 quartets 1705 Alessandro il Grande in Sidone,
; ;
for various instruments. Fctis Mendel

1706 Engclberto, 1709 II Mario fuggitivo,
; ; ; ;
Schilling. 1710 Artasersc ro di Persia, II gran Mo- ;
M'AIMI, M'AMI. See Ikdlo in Maschera. gol, 1713 ;Ilcavaliere brettone, 1720 Tra- ;
MANCHICOUET (Mancicourt), PIEEPvE, jano, 1723 Orontea, 1728 Alessandro ; ;
born at Bothuue (Artois) about 1510, died nelle Indie, with the intermezzo. La Levan-
at Madrid, July, ISGl. Church composer, tiua, 1732 Idaspo II Maurizio Music to ; ; ;
canon at Arras, then choir-master at the the drama, H geuere umano in catene Bur- ;
Cathedral of Tournay went to Antwerp in lesque scenes to Handel's Agrijsijina.

; Ora-
1558, and was called to Madrid in 1560, to torios L' area del testamento in Gerico, :
succeed Nicolas Payen as maestro de ca- II laccio purjnireo di Raab Elia ; L' amor ;
jrilla to Philip II. Works Cantiones mu- divino trionfante nella morte di Cristo.
:
sicic (Paris, 1539) Modiilorum nuisicalium Magnificat for eight voices Cantatas and
; ;
(ib., 1515) Liber quintus cantionum sa- other music. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii.
; ;
crarum, etc. (Louvaiu, 1558) Missa quatuor 154 Mendel Schilling.

; ; ;
vocura, etc. (Paris, 15G8) other masses and MANDANICI, PLACIDO, born at Bar-
;
various church music, in different collec- cellona, Sicily, in 1798, died in Genoa, June
tions of the 16th century. Fetis Mendel. 6, 1852. Dramatic composer, first in-
;
MANCINELLI, LUIGI, born at Orvieto, structed on the violoncello by count Nieo-

Feb. 5, 1818, still Hving, 1889. Instrumen- laci, an amateur, who took him under his
tal and vocal composer, maestro di cajjpella protection, then pupil at the Conservatorio
at the Teatro Apollo, Home. Works Mu- of Palermo, and, in 1824, of Raimondi at
:
sic to Pietro Cossa's Cleopatra, Rome, 1877 Nai)les, in conqjosition. Under contract
;
fsaiuh, cantata, Norwich (England) Festival, to write ballet music for the royal theatres,
1S87 ; Scene veueziane, symphonic poem, ho lived in Naples until 1834, when he set-
1889 Albums of vocal melodies, for 1-2 tled in Milan, to teach the voice and compo-
;
voices ; Pianoforte music. Fetis, Supi)le- sition. Works : L' isola disabitata, given at
ment, ii. 151. Naples, del Foudo, about 1824
Teatro
MANCINI, CUEZIO, Italian composer of Argene, Teatro Sau Carlo, about 1825 ;
ib.,
the Komau school, in 1589-91 maestro di II marito di mia moglic, ib., Teatro Nuovo,
50'J
;
MANELLI
iibout 182G ; Gli araanti alia jji-ova, ib., March 14, 1S52. The music, composed in
Teatro del Fondo, about 1827 ; II segreto, 1848-49, contains many numbers of great
Turiu, Teatro Carignano, 183G II rapi- beauty and grandeur. Overture in E- ;
mento, Milan, 1837 II buoutempoue della flat. Part I. 1. Gcsang der Geister, Dein
;
porta Ticinese, opera bufta, ib., 1841 Maria Gebot zieht mich heraus, for sulo quartet ;
degli Albizzi, Palermo, 1843 Griselda Bal- 2. Ei'scheiuung eines Zauberbildes, O Gott,
; ;
lets; Mass, and other sacred comj)ositioiis ist's so 3. Geisterbaunfluch, Weuu der ; ;

A Gioacchino Rossini, cantata. Fetis; do., Moud auf stiller Welle, for four basses 4. ;
Suppk'ment, ii. 154. Alpeukuhreigen, Horch, der Ton Part II. !
MANELLI, FRANCESCO, called Ma- 5. Zwischeuactmusik 6. Rufung der Al- ;
nelli da Tivoli, born at Tivoli, Italj-, begin- penfee, Du schOner Geist mit deinem Haar
ning of 17th century, died about 1670. aus Licht 7. Hymnus der Geister Ari- ;
Dramatic compose!-, one of the first to man's, Heil unserm Meister, chorus 8. ;
compose operas. Works Andromeda, first Chorsatz, Wirf in deu Staub dich 9. C'hor-
: ;
opera given publicly in Venice, 1G37 La satz, Zermalmt den Wurm 10. Beschwo- ; ;
maga fulminata, ib., 1G38 Teuiistocle, rung der Astarte, Schatteu ; Geist Was ! !
Florence, 1G39 Alcale, ib., 1G4'2

; Ercole inuner du sei'st 11. Manfred's Auspruch ; ;
ueU' Erimanto, Piaceuza, 1G.51 II ratto d' der Astarte, O hore, hOr' mich, Astarte,
;
Europa, ib., 1G53 I sei gigli, Ferrara, Nachspiel.

; Part III. 12. Melodramatisch,
1G6G. Fetis Mendel. ; Ein Frieda kam auf mich 13. Abschied ;
JIANENT, NICOL.\S (according to Pou- von der Sonne, Glorreiche Scheibe 14. ;
gin, FRANCISCO), born at Mahon, Mi- Melodramatisch, Blick' nur hierher 15. ;
norca, June 22, 1827, still living, 1889. Schlussscene, Klostergesang, Requiem teter-
Church and dramatic comj)oser, was flutist nani dona eis. Chorus. The overture, one
in the theatre orchestra of his native town, of Schumann's greatest, was published by
from his seventh to his fourteenth year Brcitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1852) the ; ;
went to Barcelona in 1847, and played the fuU score (ib., 1853). Overture ai'rauged
double-bass in the Teatro Liceo there, un- for pianoforte for two hands by Schu-
til 1851, when he became maestro de ca- mann, for four hands by Carl Reinecke,
pilla at the parochial chui'ch of San Jaime. the other numbers without the overture,
Works 25 masses, mostly with orchestra for pianoforte for two and for four hands,
:
;
Requiems ; 2 Stabat Mater ; Misereres, O by A. Horn. The overture was first per-
salutaris, Htanies, etc. La tapada del retiro, formed by the Philharmonic Society of
zarzuela, Barcelona, 1853 Teatro Liceo, ;
New York in the season of 1858-59, and
Maria, do., 18GG
Tres para una, do.,
ib., ; the entire music in 1868-69. Reissmanu,
ib., Teatro Santa-Cruz, 1853 Gualtiero de ; Schumann, 161 Maitland, Schumann, 90
; ;
Mousouis, opera, ib., Liceo, 1857 El con- ; Allgcm. nuis. Zcitg. (1863), 829 Neue Zeit. ;
vidado di pietra, ib., Circo, 1875 El pozo de ; fiir Mus. (188G), 181 Hanslick, Concert- ;
la veridad, ib. ; Ballets El carnaval de Ve-

; wesen in Wien, ii. 175 Grove Waldersee, ; ;
necia ; Apolo ; La perla de Oriente La ; Sammlung musikalischer Vortriige, ii. 1 ; iv.
contrabandista de rumbo, and others, ib. 9G.

Fetis, Supplement, ii. 155 ; MendeL MANFRED, symphony by Tschaikow-
aLANFRED, music to Byron's poem of, .sky, op. 58, first performed in Moscow,
for soli, chorus,and orchestra, by Schu- April 15, 1886 ; by the Philharmonic So-
mann, op. 115, performed in Leipsic,
first ciety of New
York, Dec. 4, 1886. It is
March 24, 1859. The overture, first repre- ;
dedicated to Mily Balakirev. In four ta-
sented en sc6ne, Nov. 23, 1863, had pre- i bleaux after Byron. I. IMaufred dans les
viously been given at the Gewaudhaus, |
Alpes (Lento lugubre) II. La fee des Alpes ;
;
MANFREDI
(Vivace con spirito) ; III. Piistoralo (An- of Galuppi in
St. Petersburg, he retired in
dante eon moto) ; IV. Le
1769 to Bologna, where he devoted him-
palais souterrain
d'Arimane, Movt de Manfred (Allegro con self to literary pursuits. Works Operas :
fuoco). Published by Turgonson (Moscow Olimpiade Alessandro nell' Indie, and ;
and St. Petersburg, 1886) by Felix Mac- others Ballets 6 sonatas for harpsichord
; ; ;
;
ker (Paris). Arranged for the pianoforte Didactic writings. Fetis ; Mendel ; Schil-
for four hands. Krehbiel, Review (1886 ling.
-87), 58. MANFROCE, NICOLA ANTONIO, born

MANFREDI, FILIPPO, born at Lucca, at Palmi, Calabria, Feb. 20, 1791, died in
Italy, in 1729, died there, July 12, 1777. Naples, Jul}' 9, 1813. Dramatic comjjoser,
Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of Tartini ;
pupil of Tritto in Naples and of Zingarelli
closely allied with his countryman Bocche- in Rome. Works Operas Alzira, Rome, :
rini, the two friends started, in

1769, on 1810 Piramo e Tisbe
; Ecuba, Naples, ;
a concert tour through Lonibardy, Pied- 1813. Cantatas Armida La nascita d' Al- : ;
mont, and Southern France to Paris, where cide. Miserere, for 3 choruses 6 sympho- ;
Manfredi created much enthusiasm by liis nies, for orchestra ; 3 Masses Vespers ; ;
plaj'ing in Boccherini's trios and quartets. Airs ; Duets. Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii.
Proceeding to Madrid, they were loaded 155 ; Mendel ; do., Ergilnz., 258.
with favors by the Infante Don Luis, who MANGOLD, (JOHANN) WILHELM,
made Manfredi first violinist of his cham- born in Darmstadt, Nov. 19, 1796, died
ber music; and returned to Lucca in 1773. there. May 23, 1875. Son and pupil of
Works : Several concertos for violin ; Trios Cxoorg ]\Iangold (1767-1835) on the violin,
for strings ; G soli for violin ; 6 sonatas for and pupil of Rinck and Abt Vogler in
do., with bass. Fetis ; do.. Supplement, theory was violinist in an orchestra at the
;
ii. 155 Mendel.

; age of fourteen, studietl at the Paris Con-
MANFREDmi, FRANCESCO, born at servatoire in 1815-18, under Mehul and
Bologna in 1673, died ('?). Virtuoso on the Cherubini. Returning to Darmstadt about
violin, elected member of the Accademia 1819, he became court musician and Con-
Filarmonica in 1701. Works : Concertini zertmeister appointed Court Kapellmeister
;
par camera a violino e violoncello (Bologna, in 1825, he retained the position until 1858,
1704;) ; Sinfonia da chiesa a due violini con when he was pensioned. Works Operas :
r organo obligato e viola ad libitum (il)., Merope, 1823 Graf Ory Die vergebliche ; ;
1709) ; Concerti a due violini e basso, con Vorsicht. Ciicilia, cantata Music for Die ;
viola e violini di riuforzo (ih., 1718). Fu- beiden Galeercn-Sclaven, Macbeth, and The
tis. Merchant of Venice, cantatas Symphonies ;
;
MANFREDINI, VINCENZO, born at Overtures Quintet for wind instruments

;
Pistoja, Italy, first half of 18th century, Quartets for strings Music for horn or ;
died at Bologna, probably before 1800. clarinet and pianoforte Music for violin ; ;
Dramatic composer, and writer on music, Choruses and songs. Fetis; Mendel;
pupil at Bologna of Perti, and at Milan of Schilling.
Fioroni. In 1755 he went to St. Peters- MANGOLD, KARL (LUDWIG AMAND),
burg, with a company of singers, and born in Darmstadt, Oct. 8, 1813, died in
through the composition of some spirited Loudon, Oct. 31, 1887. Pupil of his father
ballet music won the favor of the Empress, and of his brother, Wilhelm Mangold stud- ;
who chose him as instructor on the piano- ied in 1836-39 at the Paris Conservatoire
forte for the Grand-duke Paul, whose cham- under Berton and Bordogni, also received
ber music he afterwards also conducted. instruction from Neukomm and Saussaye.
Finding his star waning, after the arrival Returning to his native city, he became
: ; ;;
MANNA
director of the Musikvcrein in 1839, the Jacopo di Valcnza, Trieste, 1832 ; Preziosa,
Silngerkniuz, the CiiciUa, and in 1SG9-75, of Casal Maggiore, 1845 ; II profeta vclato,
the Mozartvereiu was director of the court
; Trieste, 1846. Cantata 18 masses 30 ; ;
music in 1848-69, wheu he was peusioned. psalms 20 hymns Much other church mu-
; ;
He was popular throughout Germany sic Overtures

; Concert pieces. Fetis,
;
through his quartets for male voices. Supplement, ii. 157 La Scena (Trieste, ;

Works Operas Das KJihlermiidchen
:
; 1864), No. 6, 21-24; Mendel, Ergilnz.,
Taunhiiuser Gudrun DorurOschen. Cou-
; ; 259 L' Osservatore triestino (1864), No.
;
cert dramas Frithjof Hermann's Tod Eiu

: ; ; 126 Wurzbach.
;
Morgeu am Rhein Barbarossa's Erwachen ; ;

MANNS, FERDINAND, born at Witzen-
Dcs Miidchen's Klage, dramatic scene hausen on the Werra, Aug. 27, 1S44, still
Die Hermannsschlacht, concert-melodrama. living, 1889. Instrumental composer, pu-
Oratorios Wittekind Abraham
; Israel in ; ; pil of Otto Kraushaar at Cassel, since 1866
der Wiiste. Elysium, symphouj'-cantata ;

member of the theatre orchestra at Bremen.
Die Weishcit des Mirza Schaffy, cantata for Works Entr'actes for dramas, mostly per-
:
male chorus, soli, and orchestra, 1876 2 ; formed at Bremen Other orchestral music ; ;
symphonies Chamber music

; Quartets, ;
Quintets, quartets, and trios for strings
songs, and choruses. Mendel ; Riemann ;
Concert pieces and sonatas for violin and
F6tis. for violoncello, with pianoforte, etc. ]\Ien-
MANNA (Manni), GENNARO, born in del.
Naples in 1721, died there in 1788. Dra- MANNSTADT, FRANZ, born atBielefel.l,
matic and church composer, studied at the July 8, 1852, still living, 1889. Pianist,
Consorvatorio di Loreto in Naples suc- ; pupil of Erlicli at Stern's ConsciTatorium in
ceeded Durante there in 1756 as teacher of Berlin, where he became instructor of pi-
compo.sition. Works Operas Adriano : anoforte in 1879, having first been Kapell-
plaeato, given at Ferrara, 1748 Eumono, ; meister at Mainz in 1874-76, and conductor
Turin, 17.50 Didone abbandonata, Venice,
; of the symphony orchestra in Berlin, from
1751 ;Siroi", ib., 1753 Achille in Sciro, ; 1876. He has published chamber music,
Milan, 1755 Temistocle, Piacenza, 1761
; ;
pianoforte pieces, and songs. Mendel
II trionfo di Maria Vergiue assunta in Riemann.
Cielo, oratorio Sacred cantata Pastoral
; ; ;
MANNSTADT, '^MXHELJI, born at
Masses Psalms Motets, and other chui'ch
; ; Bielefeld, May 30, 1837, still living, 1889.
music. Fetis; Mendel; Dramatic composer, self-taught, having first
Schilling.
MANNA, RUGGIERO, born in Trieste, been a merchant and mauufapturcr then ;
April 6, 1808, died at Cremona, May 14, led a wandering life as actor. Kapellmeister
1864. Dramatic and church composer, son of small opera troupes, and manager, until
of the singer Carolina Bassi, and jûpil in be settled in Berlin in 1865. For several
Milan of Vincenzo Lavigna, at Bologna of years he was connected with the minor
Donelli on the pianoforte and of Mattel in theatres there, and conductor of musical
counterpoint, finally in Vienna of Czeruy on societies he wrote and composed more than ;
the pianoforte, of Mayseder on the violin, fifty comedies, farces, operettas, etc., and
and of Stadler and Weigl in counterpoint. in 1874 published Der Kunstfreund, an art
After his return to Trieste in 1832, he be- periodical. Mendel Riemann. ;
came maestro concertatore at the theatre, MANON, oj)era-comique in three acts,

and in 1835 maestro di cappella of the ca- text by Meilhac and Gille, music by Mas-
thedral, acting later also as musical director senet, first represented at the Opt'ra Co-
of the theatre there. Works Operas mique, Paris, Jan. 19, 1884, with great
Praucesca da Rimini (never performed) ;
success. It is one of the best modern
;
MANON
French operas. Subject, from the Abb6 torio Les disciples d'Ennnaiis, a mystery, ;
Prevost's romauce, " Histoire clu GhevaUer for 3 voices, chorus, and orchestra Les ;
Dcsgrieux et de Mauon Lescaut " (Paris, deux Espagnols, opera-bouffe, Paris, 1854 ;
1733). Original Cast : La bourse, on la vie, opera-comique, ib. ; La

premiere pierre de I'eglise d'Ai-gis, a Wal-
Manon Lescaut (S.) Mmc Heilbrouu.
lachian legend. Fetis Larous.se Mendel.
; ;
Le chevaher Desgrieux (T.). .M. Talazac.

. .
MANSFELDT, EDGAR. See Pierson,

De Brutiguy (B.) SL Taskiu.
Henry Hugo.
The opera was given in London in May, ULiNSUY, FRANCOIS CHARLES, born
18tS5 in New York, with Minnie Hauk as at Amsterdam, Feb. 18, 1783, died at Lyons,
;
Manon, Dec. 23, 1885. Signale (1884), October, 1847. Instrumental composer, pu-
151 Athenteum (1885), G39
; Krehbiel, pil of his father, then studied chiefly after the
;
Review (1885-8G), 80. works of Bach, acquiring a marvellous facil-

M.VNON LESCAUT, ity, and won much applause on concert tours
ballet-pantomime
in three acts, text by music by through Germany and France.
Scribe, Having
Haluvy, first represented at the Academie lived and taught the pianoforte, successively
Eoyale de Musique, Paris, May 3, 1830. at Lille, Lyons, Bordeaux, and Nantes, he
MANON LESCAUT, opera-comique in finally settled at Lyons. Works An opera, :
three acts and live tableaux, text by Scribe, given at Nantes ; Symphony for orchestra ;
music by Auber, first rej)resented at the Overture for do. ; 2 concertos for pianoforte
Opt'ra Coraique, Paris, Feb. 23, 185G. Sub- and orchestra Quintet for jnanoforte, ;
ject, from the Abbe Provost's romauce. strings, and horn do. for strings Pasto- ; ;
Original cast : rale en trio, for pianoforte and strings

Duos, nocturnes, sonatas, for pianoforte and
Manon Lescaut (S. ) Mme Cabel. other instruments Sonatas, fantaisies, ron- ;
Marguerite (A.) Mile Lemercier.

deaux, canons, fugues, etc., for pianoforte.
M. Puget.
Le chevalier Desgrieux (T.)
Le marquis d'Herigny (B.) M. Faure.
Fetis ; Mendel.
MANTIUS, EDUARD, born in Schwerin,
Published & Bock, and by

by Bote Jan. 18, 1806, died at Ilmenau, Thuringia,
Schlesinger (Berlin) by Simrock (Bonn) ; ;
July 4, 1874. Studied law at Rostock and
by Heinrichshof en (Magdeburg) by Rc')zsa- ;
Leipsic ; in the latter place became pui)il of
volgyi (Pesth), and by Haslinger and by Pohlenz in singing, and later studied under

Spina (Vienna). Clement et Larousse, 427 ;
Nauenburg in Halle. He made his debut
Revue et Gazette musicale de Paris (1856), in Berlin in 1830 at the royal opera, and re-
66. mained there as tenor iintil his retirement
]\L\.NRY, CASEVIIR, born in in 1857, appearing in 152 characters. The

CHARLES
Paris, Feb. 8, 18, rest of his life was sjsent in teaching sing-
1823, died there, Jan.
1866. Church composer, studied law, but ing. Works Lieder with pianoforte ac- :
an independent fortune allowing him to companiment. Mendel Schilling; Fctis ; ;
follow his preference for music, he became AUgem. d. Biogr., xx. 272.
a pupil of Elwart in haimony and counter- MANZONI REQUIEM. See Requiem,
point. His first mass was performed in Verdi.
1844. Works : 5 masses ; 8 motets ; Te MAOMETTO SECONDO, Italian opera
Deum, and other church music ; Symphony in three acts, text by the Duke Ventignano,
and a serenade for orchestra music by Rossini, first represented at the
; Trio for
strings ; 3 quartets for do.; Teatro San Carlo, Naples, during the car-
Duo for piano-
forte and violin La sorciOre des eaux, an nival of 1820. The opera was remodelled
;
orchestral overture Les Natchez, an ora- as Le siijge de Coriuthe.

;
Published by
513
;
MAllAIS
Ricortli (Milan). Other operas of the saiiic at Pola ill 1730-38, then went as Camer-
title, ill Geruiai), three acts, text bj' Hinsch, liugo to Brescia, after a brief stay in Ven-
music by Reinhard Keiser, Hamburg, 1696 ;
ice. He was a member also of the Pastori
in French, three acts, text by Sauluier, mu- Arcadi at Rome, and in 1712 was chosen
sic by Jaain, Paris, Oct. lo", 1803 in Ital- ;
Cavaliere to the Filarmouici of Bologna.
ian, text by Romani, music by Peter von Besides his musical gift, he was an eloquent
Winter, Milan, Jan. 28, 1817, Darmstadt, and a poet of above the average writer,
1821 and Mahmoud, English opera by
;
As a composer, he ranks with themerit.
Storace, London, 179G.
Edwards, Rossini, greatest of his time. Ho owed most of his
224 Escudier, Rossini, 155.
;
musical forms to Lotti, and the influence of
MARAIS, MARIN, born in Paris, March Clari is distinctly to be felt in his style
31, 1656, died there, Aug. 15, 1728. Vir- but the poetic expressiveness, and daring
tuoso on the viol da gainba, and dramatic originality of his themes, together with the
composer, pupil of Hottemann and of Saiiite- variety of the effects he produced, were all
Colombe, and in composition of Lully. He his own. He composed music iu almost
was solo player in the king's chamber music every form then iu vogue, but his fifty
in 1685-1725. Works Operas Alcide(with Psalms are his best known work, as well as
:
Louis de Lully), 1693 Ariane et Bacchus, the most enduring monument of his great-
;
1696 Alcione, 1706 Sumeli:', 1709 Trios ness. A MS. pamphlet attributed to him,
; ; ;
for flute, violin, and viol da ganiba Mauy entitled "Lcttera famigliaro d' uu Accade-
;
pieces for viol da gamba. His sou Roland mico filarmonico," anonymously circulated
was also a distinguished artist on the same iu Venice, iu which some of his master
instrument, aud succeeded him as solo play- Lotti's compositions were severely handled,
er in 1725. He composed cantatas aud made a good deal of noise at the time.
music for viol da gamba, and published L Published Works Conccrti a cinquo :
Nouvelle methode de musiquc (1711).

Fe- istroineuti, oj). 1 (Venice, Sala, 1701) So- ;
tis ;do., Su2)plement, ii. 159 Mendel Rie- nata di cembalo, op. 2, ib., Giuditta, ora-
; ;
maun. torio per musica (Venice, Domenico Lovisa,

MARCELLO, BENEDETTO, born in 1710) Souate a cinque e flauto solo col ;
Venice, Aug. 1, 1686, basso coutinuo (Venice, Sala, 1712) Can- ;
died in Brescia, July zoui raadrigalesehe ed Aiie per camera a

24, 1739. He was due, a tre, a quattro voci, etc., op. 1 (Bo-
of uoble family, the logna, Silvaui, 1717) H teatro alia moda, o ;
son of A g o s t i n o sia metodo sicuro e facile per ben comporre

MarceUo and Paola ed eseguire le opere italiaue in musica, etc.
Capcllo pujjil in (a famous prose satire, Venice, 1720 other
;
;
music of Lotti and eds., ib., 1727, 1733, 1738 Florence, Piatti, ;
G a spar in poetico-armonico, parafrasi

i ; first 1841) ; Estro
studied primi veuticinque salmi, poesia di
the violin, sopra i
but soon api)lied Girolamo Ascauio Giustiuiani, musica di

himself wholly to singing and composition. Benedetto Mareello, etc. (Venice, Lovisa,
His father scut him from home to .study 1724, 4 vols.) Estro poetico-armonico, pa- ;
law but, after his father's death, he re- rafrasi sopra i secondi veuticinque salmi,
;
turned to Venice and combined his musical etc. (ib., ib., -1726-27, 4 vols. other eds. of ;
studies with the practice of his profession. whole London, Avison, 1750, with the :
He held several important government English text Venice, Domenico Pompeati, ;
posts, was a member of the Council of 175- ib., Sebastiano Valle, 1803-08, 8 ;
Forty for fourteen years, was Proveditore vols. 50 Salmi di Davidde parafrasati da ;
614

; :
MARCELLO
Giustiniani, a 2, 3, e '1 voci, in parlitura, detto Marcello, etc. (Venice, Picotti, 1830 ;
con accompagnameuto di pianoforte, etc. reprinted iu the same author's Storia delta
Paris, Carli, 4 parts iu 12 books) Some musica sacra, etc., p. 173-220) Crevel de; ;
collections of verses, sonnets, plays, and Charlemagne, Sommaire de la vie et des

burlesque poems. ouvrages de Benedict Marcello (Paris, Du-
II. Works iu MS. : Calisto iu Orsa, pas- verger, 1841) ; Fetis.
torale a ciuque voci ad uso di scena (libretto MARCELLO, MARCO MARCELLIANO,
publislied, Venice, Lovisa, 1725) La fede born at San Gerolanio Lupatolo, Province
;
riconosciuta, di'amma per musica, Viceuza, of Verona, Italy, about 1817, died at Milan,
1702, revived in 1729 as La commedia di July 25, 18G5. Pianist and writer on mu-
Dorinda (libretto publisbed) Arianua, in- sic, pupil of Mercadante at Novara, and at
;
treccio scenico musicale a cinque voci (li- Naples. In 1848 he settled at Turin to
bretto published, Venice, n. d.) Lottera teach the pianoforte and singing, founded
;
famigliare d' uu Accademico filarmouieo ed a theatrical journal there in 1854, and trans-
Arcade, discorsiva sopra un libro di duetti, ferred it to Milan in 1859. He furnished
terzetti o madrigali a piti voci, stampato in about thirty librettos to various dramatic
Venezia da Antonio Bartoli, 1705 (anony- composers, and also translated into Italian
mous diatribe against Lotti) Teoria musi- those of several French operas. Works
; :
cale ordinata alia moderua prattica, etc. 2 operas Masses for 3 voices and organ ; ;
(written in 1707) Alcuni avvertimenti al Miniera teatrale, a series of divertissements

;
Veneto Giovanctto Patrizio, etc. Cassan- on operatic themes Mazzolino primaverile,

; ;
dra, cantata for 1 voice and continuo Ti- 10 dances in form of etudes Arc-cn-ciel, col- ; ;
moteo, do. for 2 voices, on Conti's transla- lection of pianoforte pieces Sere d'autunno, ;
tion of Drj'deu's "Alexander's Feast;" 6 ariettas. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 160.

Serenata da cantarsi alia corte di Vienna il MARCELLUS MASS. See Mksa Papa
primo d' ottobre 1725 2 comic madrigals Marcelli.
;
for ! voices ; Lettera scritta dal signor Carlo MARCHAND, LOUIS, born in Lyons,
Antonio Benatti alia signora Vittoria Tesi, Feb. 2, 1G69, died in
posta in musica dal Marcello Gioas, ora- ; Paris, Feb. 17, 1732.
torio for 4 voices and instruments La ; He was organist of
Psiclie, iutreccio musicale a cinque voci the cathedral at Ne-
2G cantatas for 1 voice \vitli instruments ; vers iu 1G84, later at
27 duets with continuo Many cantatas for Auxerrc, and
; about
a female voice with clavecin liliserere for 1797 at the ; Jesuit
2 tenors and bass ; Mass
for 4 voices and Church iu Paris ; re-
orchestra ; which one is with
2 masses, of ceived similar ap-
organ Lamentazioni di Geremia Tantum
; ; pointments at several
ergo, G voc, in canon In omueni torram, ; other churches there,
do. Salve Regina, 7 voc, in canon II trl-
;
: and finally iu the royal chapel at Versailles.
oiifo delta pocsia e delta musica nel ccle- He was and became engaged
exiled in 1717,
brarsi la morte, la esaltazionc, e la iucoro- in a contest with Bach
in Dresden, but so
signal
o was his defeat that he returned to
Paris and became a music teacher. Works
Pyrame et Thisbe, opera Book of organ ;
pieces 3 books of pianoforte pieces.

; Fe-
nazione di !Maria, seinpre vergine, assunta tis ; Riemanu Mendel ; ; Schilling ;
Gerber.
in cielo, oratorio sagro a G voci, 1733. MARCHE DES DAVIDSBUNDLEli.
Caffi, Delia vita e del comporre di Bene- Sec Carnavai.
; :
MAECHE
MARCHE FUNi^BRE. See Tndia. professor at the Cologne Conservatorium in
MARCHE INDIENNE. êe L' Africaine. 1865-68 and again professor
iu Vienna iu
;
MARCHE MAROCAINE, for the piauo- her pupils were Mme

1869-78. Among
forte, by Li'opokl de Meyer. Arranged by Schuch-Proska, Miles Smeroschi and dAn-
Berlioz for orchestra, pubhshed by Escu- geri, lima di ]Murska, Gabrielle Kraus, and
dier (Paris). Etelka Gerster. The Emjjeror of Austria
MARCH OF THE MONKS OF B.^JNT- conferred upon her the Cross of Merit of
GOE, cantata for male chorus, tenor solo, the first class, and she has received many
and orchestra, by George E. Whiting, op. medals and decorations. Works 24 vo- :
40, first performed by the Apollo Club, Bos- calises pour soprano Exercices elemen- ;
ton, Feb. 23, 1887. taii'es Vocalises pour uue, deux et trois
;
IMARCHENBILDER, 4 pieces for piano- voix Etudes d'agilite avec paroles )^]cole
; ;
forte and viola, by Schumann, op. 113, Marchesi, I'.Ai-t du chant. Fc'tis, Supple-
composed iu 1851, dedicated to J. von ment, ii. 162 Mendel, vii. 55 Riemann ; ; ;
Wasielewsliy. I. Niclit schnell, in D minor Grove. ;
n. Lebhaft, in F. HI. Rasch, in D minor MARCHESI, SALVATORE, Cavaliere de

;
IV. Langsam, mit melancholiscliem Aus- Castrone, Marchese della Rajata, born in
druck, in D Published by Carl Palermo, Jan. 15, 1822, still living, 1889.
major.
Luckardt An-anged for pi- Pupil of Raimondi iu his native town, and
(Cassel, 1852).
anoforte for four hands by F. G. Jansen. of Lamperti and Fontana in jMilan. Hav-
MARCHENERZAHLUNGEN, 4 pieces ing taken part in the revolution of 1848,
for clarinet (ad libitum violin), viola, and he was forced to leave Italy, and going to
pianoforte, by Schumann, op. 132, com- America, made his debut iu New York.
posed iu 1853, dedicated to Albert Die- On his return to Europe he settled iu Lon-
trich. I. Lebhaft, nicht zu schnell, in B-flat don and studied under Garcia married ;
n. Lebhaft und sehr markirt, in G minor Mile Graumanu iu 1852, and with her
;
in. Ruhiges Tempo, mit zartem Ausdruck, made concert tours in Germany, England,
in G IV. Lebhaft, sehr markirt, in B-flat. and Belgium.
; He has appeared success-
Published by Breitkopf it Hiirtel (Leii^sic, fully in ojjera, and taught singing in the
1854). Arranged for pianoforte for four Vienna and Cologne Conservatoriums.
liands by F. G. Jansen. Since 1881 he has lived in Paris. Works
MARCHESE DI TULIPANO, IL, Italian French, German, and Italian songs Me- ;
opera in two acts, music by Paisiello, first thode de chant Sci nuovi canti siciliani ;
;
represented in Rome in 1766. Given in Riassunto dell' arte del canto, a scries of 20
Berlin, Jan. 19, 1812. Cherubini inserted vocal exercises. He has also translated
six airs in this opera in 1786. manj' librettos and is author of a book, ;
]\IARCHESI, MATHILDE DE CAS- Rclazione sugli Instrumenti musicali quali

TRONE, born (Graumann) in Frankfort- erano rappresentati all' Esposizione univer-
on-the-Maiu, March 26, 1826, still living, sale di Vienna uel Giugno (1873). Fetis,
1889. Pupil of Nicolai in Vienna in 1843, Supplement, ii. 161 Riemann Grove ; ; ;
and of Garcia in Paris iu 1845 removed Mendel.

;
to London iu 1849, and became well known MARCHES!, TO.MISIASO, boru at Lis-
as a concert singer, aj)pearing with success bon, March 7, 1776, died at Bologna after
in Holland, Belgium, Germany, France, and 1840. Instrumental and vocal composer,
Switzerland, as well as iu England. She
Venice of GrazioH, and of I'adre
pu2)il iu
married Signor Marchesi iu 1852 was j)ro- Martini in composition. Haviug conducted
;
fessor of singing at the Vienna Couserva- opera in several places near Bologna, he
torium in 1854-61 taught in Paris was was engaged iu the same capacity at Bo-
; ;
616

;
]\[ARCI1ETTI
logiia for twenty-two j-ears, and afterwards the music is well written and interesting.
taught singing and composition. UntilThere is no overture. Same title, opera-
about 1840 be superintended the music in comique in one act, by Steveniers, Brussels,
all the cburcbes of Bologna. His comijosi-Dec. 8, 18G2. Clement et Larousse, 429 ;
tions, consisting of cburcb music of various Rev. et Gaz. musicale de Paris (1859), 318.
description, cantatas, overtures, arias, and MAREK, LOUIS, born iu Galicia in
otber vocal music, remain in manuscript 1837, still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of
;
be could not be induced to publisb any of Liszt, won brilliant success on concert
them.
IMendel. tours through Russia and Austria, and set-
MARCHETTI, FILIPPO, born at Bolo- tled at Lemberg, to teach. His composi-
gnola, near Camerino, tions for the pianoforte are superior.
Feb. 26, 1835, still aiARENZIO, LUCA, born at Coccaglia,
living, 1889. Dra- between Bergamo and Brescia, 1550-60,
matic composer, pu- died iu Rome, Aug. 22, 1599. His parents
Ijil of Hindi, then at were poor villagers, but his earlier biogra-
the Conservatorio San phers unite in claiming for him descent from
Pietro a Majella, a noble family of Bergamo or Brescia.
in Naples, of Giu- When very young he went as choir-boy to
seppe Lillo autl Carlo Brescia, where the Archpriest Andrea Ma-
Conti. Settled in zetto detected his talent and took him un-
Rome, to teach sing- der his patronage. Ho studied music un-
ing, but three years later went to Milan. der Giovanni Coutini. In 1580 he was in
Since 1881 be has been president of the Venice, where bis first book of 5-voice mad-
Aecademia di Sta. Cecilia, Rome. Works rigals was published in that year, to be
Operas Gentile di Varano, Turin, 185G La
: ; followed by eight other books, one every
demente, ib., and Rome, 1857 U Paria, ib., ; year (except 1588), until 1589. Six books
1858 Romeo eGiuUetta, Trieste, 1865 rait/
; ; of 6-voice madrigals appeared also at inter-
Bias, Milan, La Scala, 18G9 L' amore alia ; vals from 1582 to 1590. New editions
prova, Turin, 1873 Gustavo Wasa, Milan,
; apiêared rapidly, and in 1593 P. Phalesius
1875 Don Giovanni d' Austria, Turin, 1880.
;
published a complete edition. Four-voice
Overture Choeur de Corsaires Ave Maria
; ; madrigals were published between 1592

Vocal compositions. Fotis, Supplement, ii. and 1608, and five books of 3-voice Villa-
1G3 Riemanu Mendel.
; ; nelle alia napoletana appeare<l (also at Ven-
MARCO AUPiELIO, Italian opera in from 1584 to 1605.
ice) Marenzio was in
three acts, text by Terzago, music by Stef- Rome in 1582 and twice in 1584, remaining
fani, first represented in Munich, in 1681. the last time until July 15, 1585, having held
A MS., thought to be the conducting score, the iôst of maestro di cappella to the Car-
is in Buckingham Palace. Grove. dinal d' Este. About 1587 be went to Po-
MARECHAL FERRANT, LE (The Far- land to occupy a post at court with a salary
rier), French opera-comique in two acts, of one thousand scudi per annum he remain-
;
text by Qui'tant and Anseaume, music by ed there several years, and was held in the
Frantj'ois Andre Danican Philidor, first rep- highest honour and knighted by Sigismund
resented at the Theatre de la Foire Saint- HI., but the climate proving too severe for
Laurent, Paris, Aug. 22, 17G1. The scene him he returned iu 1595 to Rome, where
passes in the shop of Marcel, the farrier. Cardinal Aldobrandini (nephew of Clement
Characters represented Marcel Labride, : ; VIII.) procured him admission to the Pon-
a coachman Colin Claud ine
; and Jean- ; ; tifical Chapel. The story goes that he fell
nette. The libretto is insignificant, but ,
in love with a lady of his patron's family.
517
"
;
;
MARESCALCIII
but he certainly ilitl not marry. Mareiizio through collections published iu Italy,
Las been called tbe "Father of the Madri- Germany, and Belgium near the end of
gal," a term which iu uo wise ai^plies to the 16th and the beginning of the 17th
him for, instead of being the originator of
;
centuries.
Ambros, iv. 85-90 Winter- ;
that form, he was the comjioserwho brought "Joh. Gabrieli

feld, u. sein Zeitalter," ii.
it to perfection. Neither did he, as some 87-97.

have supposed, confine himself to madrigal M.VRESCALCHI, LUIGI, born in Eome
writing he was also an important figure iu 1740, died in Naples early in 19th cen-
;
among the great church composers of his tury. Dramatic composer, pupil of Padre
day. Yet it was chiefly upon Bologna in 1770 he lived at
his madrigals Martini at ;
that his almost universal fame rested, even Venice, where he had established a music
in his own time. His style is singularly trade, which he transferred to Naples in
pure, facile, and graceful. Although he 1785. Works Ojieras I disertori felici, :
belonged definitely to the so-called " great Piaceuza, 1784 Andromeda e Perseo, Rome, ;
period of Italian music (being a contempo- 1784 Giulietta e Romeo, ib., 1789. Bal- ;
rary of Giovanni Gabrieli and Pulestrina), lets Meleagro, Florence, 1780 Le rivolu-
: ;
and died before the Florentine music re- zioni del seraglio, Naples, 1788 Concer- ;
form had begun to usher in the " beauti- tino for 15 instruments 4 quartets for ;
ful " or " Neapolitan " period, his music strings Trios for do. Fetis Mendel ; ; ;
constantly diverges from the severe diatonic Schilling.

style which was characteristic of his age. M.mETZEK, MAX, born at Briinn, JHo-
For picturesque, poetic suggestiveness he ravia, June 28,
was unsurpassed by any of his contemjw- 1821, still living,
raries. If, in his "tone-painting," he went 1889, in New
into less minute details than Ancrio and York. Conductor
some others, he caught the dominant tone and composer,
of the jjoetry he was setting all the more graduate of the
surely, in this resembling Arcadelt and oth- University of Vi-
ers of the older madrigalists. "Works 9 : enna studied ;
books of 5-voice Madrigals (Venice, Gar- medicine two

dauo, 1580-89 2d ed., ib., 1594-1G09
;
;
years, and at the
also Antwerp, Phalesius & Bellerus, 1593) same time the theory of music and compo-
G books ofG-voice Madrigals (Venice, 1582- sition under Kapellmeister vou Seyfried.
1G09 Antwerp, Phalesius, 1591-1010) In 1843 he wrote an opera, Hamlet, repre-
;
Madrigali a quattro voci (lib. i., Venice, sented in Briinn, and other cities then ;
1592-1G08) Motetti a 4 voci (lib. i., Ven- visited, as conductor of an orchestra, Ger-
;
ice, Vincenti, 1588 do., lib. ii., ib., 1592)

; many, France, and England, where he was
;
Motetti a 12 voci (Venice, 1G14) ; Sacri assistant to Balfe at Her Majesty's Theatre,
concentus quinque, sex et sept. voc. (ib., London, in 1844. Iu 1848 he went to the
Piccioni, IGIG) Completorium ae Auti- United States, and from 1849 to 1878 was
;
phoune sex voc. (Venice, 1595) 5 books manager of Italian opera in New York, Ha-
;
of Villanelle napoletaua (ib., 1581- vana, Mexico, and other cities.

alia Works :
1G05 ; reprinted with German text, Nurem- Hamlet, opei'a in 3 acts, given at Briinn,
berg, 1606). Several madrigals have been 1843 Sleepy Hollow, English opera in ;
published in score iu Padre Martini's Saggio three acts, text by Gayler, New York, Sep-
del contrappunto, AVinterfeld's Johannes tember, 1879 Chamber and orchestral nui- ;
Gabrieli, etc., and Choron's Principes de sic Pianoforte music Songs. ; ;
Composition. Many more are scattered MARGHERITA D' ANJOU, Italian opera
618
;
MAPJA
soiui-scria,iu tlircc acts, text by Eoniaui, three acts, text by Cammarano, music by
music by Meyerbeer, first represeuted at La Donizetti, first June
re^jreseuted in Venice,
Scala, Milan, Nov. 14, 1820. Marglierita, 5, 1S43, with Tadolini, Ronconi, and Guas-
the willow of Henry IV., flees with her son co in the chief characters. Subject, from
from Enylaud to France, where she receives Lockroy's drama " Un duel sous
le Cardinal
protection and endeavours to regain her Richelieu." This opera was performed at
rights. The work was arranged for the the Theatre Italien, Paris, Nov. 20, 1843,
French stage by Crumont, text by Thomas and Covent Garden, Loudon, May 8,
at
iSauvage, and given at the Odcon, Paris, 1847. It was first given in New York, Dec.
March 11, 1826. Published by Diabelli 10, 1849. Published by Diabelli (Vienna).
(Vienna). Cherubiui began an ojjera with Allgem. nius. Zeitg., xlv. 685 xlvi. 778 ; ;
this title for Louis XVL, but it was not Edwards, History of the Opera, ii. 242
completed. Eight numbers exist in full Clement et Larousse, 432 Atheureum ;
score. Other operas, same title, by Joseph (1847), 531.

Weigl, Vienna, July 26, 1816 by Pacini,
; MAHIA DI RUDENZ, Italian opera in
Naples, Nov. 19, 1827 and by Forli, 1832.
; three acts, text by Cammarano, music by
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxiii. 24. Donizetti, firstrepresented in Venice, Jan.
MARIA ANTONIA W.VLPURGIS, eldest 30, 1838. Published by Hofmeister (Leip-
daughter of the Elector of Bavaria, after- sic). Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xl. 406.
wards Emperor Charles VII., born at Mu- MARIAGE DE FIGARO, LE. See Nozze
nich, April 18, 1724, died at Dresden, Ajiril di Figaro.
23, 1780. Pianist, singer, and dramatic MARIAGES SAMNITES, LES, opera-
composer, pupil of Porpora in singing, and comique in two acts, text by Rosoy, music
of Hasse iu composition, at Dresden, whither by Gretry, first represented at the Comedie
she came in 1747, married to the Electoral Italienne, Paris, June 12, 1776. Mozart
Prince of Saxony. She was an excellent art wrote eight variations on the march from
connoisseur, skilled iu music, jôetry, and this opera (Kijchel, No. 352). Grctr}', Es-
painting, whose fame was spread through sais sur la Musique, i. 173.
the entire civilized world of her time. MARIANI, ANGELO, born iu Ravenna,
Frederick the Great esteemed her highly and Oct. 11, 1822, died iu Genoa, June 13,
kept up with her a lively correspondence 1873. Pupil of Pietro Casoliui ou the vio-
until within a few mouths of her death. At lin antl of Padre Livrini iu harmony and
the performances of her operas she always counterpoint, later in Bologna of Rossini.
sang the principal part herself, and shone He made debut as conductor iu Messina
his
through this talent also in the exclusive in 1844, then in Milan and Viceuza was ;
court circle. As a member of the Arcadians called to Copenhagen in 1847, to conduct

in Rome she assumed the name of Erme- the orchestra of the court theatre, but re-
liuda Talia, Pastorella Arcada, under which signed to engage in the Revolution of 1848.
she composed her poetry and music, signing After the war he went to Constantinople, re-
E. T. A. P. Works Operas P trionfo
: turned, in 1852, to conduct the orchestra at
della fedeltii, 1756 Talestri, regina delle
; the Teatro Carlo Felice iu Genoa, and there
Amazzoni, 1765 6 arias; 2 songs on poems established his great reputation as the best
;
for special occasions.Allgena. d. Biogr., xx. orchestra conductor in Italy several years ;
371 Fiirstenau, Beitrilge, ii. 183 Marjjurg, after he occupied a similar position in Bo-
; ;
Kritische Beitrilge, iii. 155 ;Petzholdt, logna, but returned to Genoa a short time
Maria Antonia Walpurgis (Dresden, 1857) before his death. Works La fidanzata del
;
:
Weber, do. (Dresden, 1857). guerriero, cantata Gli esuli, do. Requiem
; ;
MARIA DI ROHAN, Italian opera in for King Christian VHI. Collections of ;

MARIA
songs Rimembrauze clel Bosforo ; II Tro- MARIE, opi'ra-comique in three acts,
vatore uella Liguria ; II by Planard, music by Hcrold, first rep-
Colle di Carignauo ;
text
Album Tocale Eimembrauze di Areuzano resented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Aug.
; ;
Liete e triste Kimembrauze Otto pezzi 12, 1826. The music includes many grace-
;
vocali ;
Nuovo album vocale. Fotis, Sup- ful melodies. Scene, in Switzerland plot ;
plement, ii. 167 Mendel, Eigiiuz., 260

;
original. Published b}' Hasliuger (Vienna,
;
Itiemanu, 551. 1828). Schubert wrote eight variations on

MAEIA PADILLA, Italian opera, test by a theme from this opera, for the pianoforte
Eossi, music by Donizetti, first rei3resented for four hands, oji. 82, the MS. of which is
at La Dec. 29, 1841. Mmo iu the Kiiuigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. Cle-
Scala, Milan,
Lijwe, Mme
Abbadia, Donzelli and Rouconi ment et Larousse, 434 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ;
sang the chief parts. Published by Ricordi XXX. 86.

(Milan). IMARIE MAGDELEIXE, dramatic ora-
MARIA STUARDA, Italian opera, text torio in three acts, text by Louis GaUet,
by Bardari, music bj' Donizetti, first repre- music by Massenet, first jjerformed at the
sented under the title Buondelmonte in Odeon, Paris, April 11, 1873. Characters
Naples, Oct. 18, 183-1 ; at La Scala, Milan, rejiresented : Marie Magdeleiue, ]Mme Viar-
as Maria Stuarda in 1836. Malibran ap- dot ; Marthe, Mme Vidal ; Le Maitre, !M.
peared in the title-role, and Toso-Puzzi as Bosquin Judas, M. Petit. First given iu
;
Elizabetta. Pasta was very successful in America by the Lenox Hill Vocal Society,
the j)art of Maria Stuarda. Published by Chickering" Hall, New York, April 7, 1886.
Ricordi (Milan). The score of this o^jera, English edition, translation by Henry S.
long lost, was recovered in 1863. Other Leigh, iJublished by Williams (London,
Italian ojseras this subject by Casella, 1885). Athenffium (1874), i. 468
on (1885), ;
Florence, 1813 by Mercadante, Bologna, ii. 250 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 242
; ; ;
1821 ; by Coccia, London, 1827 and Pa- Ki-ehbiel, Review (1885-86), 214.
;
lumbo, Naples, April 23, 1871:. Marie Stuart M.AIÎENLIEDER (Songsof the Virgin), 7
en Ecosse, French opera iu three acts, text songs for mixed chorus with i)ianoforte, text
by Planard, music by Futis, Paris, Aug. 30, from old German songs, music by Brahms,
1823 opera iu five acts, by Louis Niedcr-
; op. 22. Part I. 1. Der englische Gruss ; 2.
meyer, text by Theodore Anne, Paris, Dec. Maria's Kirchgang ; 3. Maria's Wallfahrt ;
G, 181:4 ; by Piccinui, Part n. 4. Der Jiiger 5. Ruf zu Maria

ballet, Mai-ie Stuart, ; ;
Paris, 1815 and lyric melodrama for alto, 6. Magdalena 7. Maria's Lob. Published
; ;
solo, chorus, and orchestra by Geyer, Ber- by Rieter-Biedermann (Leipsic and "Wintor-
lin, 1836.
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxviii. thur). "Waldersee, Sammlung musikali-
312 Queens of Song, ii. 21.
;
scher Vortriige, ii. 349.
TSIARU. STUART, overture to Schiller's JLiUIN, (MiUilE MARTIN) MARCEL
drama, by Georg Yierling, op. 14, jêr- DE, born at Saiut-Jean-de-Luz, near Ba-
formed at the Gewandhaus, Lei^wic, Jan. youue, Sejit. 8, 1769, died at Toulouse (?)
22, 1885. Published by Schlesinger (Ber- after 1830. Vu-tuoso on the harp, son and
lin). Same title, cycle of songs for voice pupil of GuUlaume Marcel de Marin (bom,
and pianoforte, by Raff, op. 172, published violiu under Nardini in 1737) ; studied
by Siegel (Leipsic, 1874-79) Signale and harp under Hochbrucker in
; Italj'
(1885), 115. France, but was his own best master ou

MARIA TERESA, symphony iu C, by that instrument. After a second visit to
Haydn, first performed at Eszterhaz during Italy, in 1783, when he became a member
the visit of Maria Theresa, Sept. 1-3, 1773. of the Arcadians in Rome, he entered the
Pohl, Haydn, ii. 61. militai-y school at Versailles, and left it iu
630
MAEINELLI
17SG US captain of dragoons. Shortly after MAEINI, BIAGGIO, born in Brescia near
be obtained a fnrlough, and travelled in Ans- tbe end of tbe IGth century, died iu Padua
tria, Prussia, and Spain. As be was abseut about IGGO. He became maestro di cap-
from France on tbe breaking out of tbe pella of the Cathedral of Viceuza, occupied
Eevolution be was classed among tbe emi- the same position in his native city, and
grants, and earned a living in England by later went to Germany to enter the service
teacbiug. He returned to France under of tbe Count Palatine Wolfgang Wilbelm.
tbe Consulate, recovered bis property, and On his return to Italy iu 1G23 he was
retired to Toulouse. He was a remarkable appointed composer and first violin to the
amateur violinist, and as a barpist bad no Duke of Parma. He i^layed also several
rivals. His barp music is classic. Works other instruments. Works Arias, madri- : :
Quintet for barp and strings Trios for gals, psalms, and many other vocal pieces
; ;
strings Duet for barp and pianoforte G Chamber music, sonatas, ballets, and other
; ;
sonatas for barp -1 variations for do. instrumentalnuisic Fetis Gerber Men-
; ;
; ;
Duet barp and violin Variations for del, vii. G7 Schilling, iv. 553 Wasielewski,
for ; ; ;
strings 12 songs with barp accompani- Die Violine, 27.

;
ment Unpublished compositions. Fetis

;
MARINI, CARLO ANTONIO, born at ;
Mendel lliemann. ; Bergamo about the middle of tbe 17th

MARINELLI, GAETANO, born in Na- century. Violinist was employed iu the ;
ples in 17G0, died at Oporto (?), Portugal, church of S. M. Maggiore in bis native city.
after 1820. Dramatic composer, studied at Works 12 sonatas for i and G instruments, :
tbe Conservatorio di Loreto in bis native op. 3 Do., op. G and 7 Do. for violin and ; ;
city, and Avas in the seiTice of tbe Elector basso continue, op. 8 ; Balletti alia francese
of Bavaria, as court composer, in 1790 be- a 3, op. 5 (Venice, 1699). Fetis. ;
fore that period he had been iu 3Iadrid, M.ARINO FALIERO, Italian opera iu
and in LSI 7 was at Lisbon, and about 1820 two acts, text by Bidera, after Byron, music
at Oporto, where bo taught music. Works by Donizetti, first represented at the Thea-
Operas Le tre rivali, ossia il matrimonio tre Italien, Paris, iu 1835. Original cast
:
:
inaspettato, Kome, 1784, and, as I quattro Signer Lablache.

Faliero
rivali in amore, Nai^les, 1795 ; Gli uccellatori,
Fernando Signer Rubini.
Florence, 1785 II trionfo dell" amore, Signer Tamburini.
;
Beuevantauo
ib., 178G ib., 1788
II letterato alia nioda,
;
Gendoliere Signer Ivanhotf. ;
La roccbetta iu equivoco, 1790 Quinto ib.,

Mme Grisi.
Elena ;
Fabio, Rome, about 1790 Lucio Papirio, ;
dittatore, Naples, 1791 II villauo al go- Given first in London, King's Theatre, May
;
verno, ossia amore aguzza 1' ingegno, ib., 14, 1835 in New York, June 16, 1851. ;
1791 La vendetta di :Medea, Venice, 1792

;
Published by Eicordi (Milan). Allgem. ;
II coucorso delle spose, ib., 1795 L'inte- mus. Zeitg., xxxviii. 678 Neue Zeitschr.,
;
;
ressc gabba tutti, Florence, 1795 Issijjile, ii. 149, 161 Atheufcum (1835), 395.
;
;
ib., 179G La bizzarra;

contadina, ib., about MARITANA, romantic ojjera in three
" Don
179G I due fratelli Castracani, Padua, acts, text by Fitzball, after the drama,
;
1798 La morte di Cleopatra, Venice, 1800

;
C;esar de Bazan," music by William Vincent ;
Alessandro in Efeso, Milan, 1810 L' equi- Wallace, first represented at Drury Lane, ;
voco fortunate, ib., 1811 La finta princi- London, Nov. 15, 1845.
;
This is tbe com-
pessa, ib., 1811 Gli accident! inaspettati
;
]wser's best work, and is one of the most ;
La villanella semplice II barone di Sarda popular of English epei-as. The libretto

;
fritta. II Baldassaro, oratorio ; Tobia e fellows the drama very closely. Among the
Sara, cantata. Fetis. best numbers are : Maritaua's romance.
521
: :
MAUKULL
"I hear it 'tis the liarp in the air ;"
again, MAltLIANI, Conte AURELIO, born in
Of lair}'
'
had I tlie power," duet be- Lombardy iu 1803, died at Bologna, June,
\vanil
tween Don Jose and Maritana "All the 1849. Dramatic composer spent his con-
; ;
world over, to love, to drink, to fight I de- siderable fortune iu the interests of the
light,"sung by Don C;csar Lazarillo's song, ;
Carbonari, whose party he had joined, and,
" Alas those chimes so sweetly pealing "
! ;
obliged to take refuge in Paris, he settled
" Turn on, old Time, thine hour-glass," trio there to teach vocal music. The perfection
by Don Csesar, Don Jose, and Lazarillo ;
of Giulia Grisi's art was due to his lessons.
"Yes, let me like a soldier fall," sung by He afterwards held the position of Spanish
Don Csesar " Scenes that are brightest,"
;
consul-general iu Paris, and after the Revo-
by Maritana, and "In happy moments day lution of 1848 returned to bis native coun-
by day." the words of which were written try, and took np arms in her defence he ;
by Alfred Buuu. Original cast was killed duriug an attack on Bologna by
Maritana Miss Komer.

the Austriaus. Works Operas II bravo, :
given iu Paris, Theatre Italien, 1834, Vi-

Don Cirsar Mr. Harrison.
enna, 1835, Prague, Genoa, Naples, Pia-
Lazarillo Jliss Poole.
ceuza, 1S3G Le marchand forain, Paris,
;
Don Jose Mr. Borrain.

Opera Comique, 1834 La Xacarilla, ib., ;
King Mr. Phillips.

Opt'ra, 1839 Ildegouda, Florence, 1841, Mi-
;
The opera was first given in New York, May lan, 1843. C.mzoni, romances, etc. Fetis.
4, 1848. It was sung at Her Majesty's, Lou- MAJIJHON, symphonic overture to
don, in Italian, with recitatives by Tito Scott's poem, by Dudley Buck, first given
Mattel, in Decembei', 1880.
Athenaeum in Brooklyn, iu 1880.
(1845), 1130 ;
823 Neue Zeitschr.,
(1880), ii. M.ARMONTEL, ANTOINE FRANCOIS,
;
xxiv. 103 ; Upton, Standard Operas, 318. born at Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dome),

MMIKULL, FRIEDllICH WILHELM, France, July 18, 181G, still living, 1889.
born Eeichenbach, near Elbing, Prussia,
at Pianist, pupil at the Pai'is Conservatoire of
Feb. 17, 181G, died at Dantzic, April 30, Lanneau, Zimmerman, Halevy, and Le-
1887. Dramatic composer, pupil of his sueur, obtaining first pianoforte prize in
father, of Karl Kloss, of Urban, and in 1833- 1832. He succeeded Zimmerman as profes-
35 of Fricdrich Schneider at Dessau be- sor at the Conservatoire iu 1848, and gained ;
came first organist of the Marienkirche, a great reputation as a successful teacher.

Dantzic, iu 183G, and director of the Gesaug- Among his numerous pupils are Guiraud,
verein there. He was known also as a pi- Paladilhe, Alphouse and Edmond Duvernoy,
anist, violinist (in (piartets), and much Wieniawski, Thuruer, Bizet, Planto, and
sought as a teacher. Works Operas Dubois. Works
L'Art de dechiiTrer, 100 : :
Maja und Alpino, oder die bezanberte Kose, etudes ]']cole elementaire de mecanisme et ;
Dantzic, 1843 Der Kc'mig von Zion, 1848 de style, 24 etudes over 200 etudes iu dif-
; ; ;
Das Walpurgisfest, Dantzic, 1855. Ora- ferent series 50 etudes de salon Ecole de ; ;
torios Johannes der Tiiufer DasGediicht- mecanisme

: L'Art de dechiftVer a 4 mains
; ; ;
uiss der Entschlafenen. Roland's Horn, Sonatas, nocturnes, marches, mazurkas,

cantata for male voices (Novello, London, serenades, characteristic pieces, and much
1889) Psidm LXXXVI, for soli, chorus, and other music for pianoforte. Literary works
:
orchestra Symphonies Choralbuch, with

; ; Petitegrammairc populaire Vade-mecum ;
136 chorals (Dantzic, 1845) Music for jji- ; du professeur de piano L'Art classique ;
anoforte and organ Songs Arrangements ; ; et moderne du piano Les Piauistes cele- ;
of classical works. ilendel Eiemanu ;

;
bres (1878). Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii.
Fetis ; Schilling, Sujaplemeut, 290. 172 ; Riemauu.

622
;
MARPURG
MAEPURG, FIIIEDRICIH, horn at Pa- von der Fuge (ib., 1753-51 2d ed., 1806) ;
;
clerborn, April 4, 1825, died at Wiesbaden, Handbuch beim Generalbass und der Kom-
Dec. 1, 1884 Violinist, pianist, and dra- position (ib., 175.5-58 2d ed., 1762) His-; ;
matic composer, great-grandson of Fried- torischkritische Beytriige zur Aufnahme der

rich Wilhelin Marpurg, pupil of Mendels- Musik (ib., 1751-62 and 1778); Syste-
sohn and Hauptmann at Loipsic early matische Einleitung in die musikalisclie
;
attracted attention as a violinist and pianist, Setzkunst nacli der Lehrsiitzeu des Herrn
and through Rameau, Aufangsgriindo der theoretisohen
in the latter capacity travelled
I'omerauin, Prussia, and Poland, after he Musik (Leipsie, 1757) Auleitung zur Sing- ;
had completed his studies at Leipsie. He komposition (Berlin, 1758) Kritische Ein- ;
then settled at KOnigsberg, and for nearly leitung in die Geschichte und Lchrsiitze der
nine years taught music, and conducted the alten und neuen Musik (ib., 1759) Kritische ;
opera, and the symphony and chamber con- Briefe iiber die Tonkunst (ib., 1759-63) ;
certs which he had established was director Herrn G. A. Sorgens Anleitung zum Ge-
;
of the musical academy, and finally erected neralbass (ib., 1760) Anleitung zur Musik
;
a music school of his own. In 1851 he went iiberhaupt und zur Singkunst insbesondcre
to Mainz as director of the Liedertafel, and (ib., 1763) Versueh iiber die musikalisclie
;
in 1861 to Sondershausen as Hofkapellmeis- Temperatur (Breslau, 177G) Neue Mc- ;
ter. Two j-ears later he resigned, and lived thode, allerlei xVrteu
at "Wiesbaden until 18G8, when he was called von
to Darmstadt, to succeed Mangold as direc- deni
Temp)eraturen
Klaviere aufs
I^Wî^-
tor of the court music he gave up this post bequemste mitzutheilen (Berlin, 1779) Le-
; ;
in 1872, and was Kapellmeister of the thea- genden eiuiger Musikheiligen (Cologne,
tre at Freiburg in 1873, and at Laj'bach, 1786) Geschichte der Orgel, unfinished.
;
Caruiola, in 1875, when he returned to

.Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 107 Riemann ; ;
Wiesbaden. Works Operas Musa, der Grove Mendel Fetis Schilling Gerber
: ; ; ; ;
letzte Maurenki'aiig, Konigsberg, 1855 Lindner, Geschichte des deutschen Liedes,

;
Agnes von Hohenstaufen, Freiburg, 187-1 61. ;

Die Lichtensteiner. Mendel. MARQUEZ, ANTONIO LESBIO, born
M.IEPURG, FRIEDRICH WILHELM, in Lisbon, Portugal, about 1660, died there,
born at Seehausen iu the Altmark, Prussian Nov. 1, 1709. Church composer was made ;
Saxony, Oct. 1, 1718, died in Berlin, May mestro do capolla of the roj-al chapel in
22, 1795. Probably the most distinguished 1698. He comjiosed masses. Magnificat,
musical savant of his time. In 1716 he was Miserere, responses, etc., of which only a
secretary to General von Rothenburg in collection of Vilhancicos for the feast of S.
Paris, where he became acquainted with Ea- Gon(;ala has been printed. Fetis.
meau and his system lived a short time in
;
jMARS.ALO (:\Iarsolo), PIF.TRO IMARLV,
Berlin, then for several years iu Hamburg, Italian composer, born in Sicilj'. He lived
and in 1763 was made director of the gov- at Ferrara about the close of the IGth cen-
ernment lottery in Berlin. Works 6 sonatas turj' and at Cerreto in 1600
: published ;
for pianoforte Organ and pianoforte music

; four books of madrigals for five voices (Ven-
;
Sacred and secular songs Unfinished mass. ice, 1609) and two books of motets (1612,
;
Literary works Der kritische Musikus an 1611).-Mendek

:
der Spree (Berlin, 1719-50) Die Kunst ;M.mS.\ND, Padre ANSELMO, born in
das Klavier zu spielen (ib., 1750-51) Anlei- Venice in 1769, died in Padua, Jan. 4, 1841.
;
tung zum Klavierspielen, der schonen Au- Church composer, Benedictine monk iu the
siibung der heutigen Zeit gemiiss entwor- Monastery of S. Michele at Murano, pupil
feu (ib., 1755 ;2d ed., 1765) Abhandlung of Furnaletto; succeeded Antonio Calegari
;
523
1
MARSCIINER
as maestro <li cappella of S. Antouio at ian ojjeras, with Weber and Morlacchi, in
Padua iu 1828. He was oue of the most 1823.
This post he resigned on Weber's
eminent musicians of the Venetian school death, in 182G, and went to Leipsic in 1827
iu its last classical period. Of his compo- as Kapellmeister at the theatre there. The
sitions, said to number GOO works, consist- year before, he had married Mariane
ing of masses, motets, psalms, etc., and Wohlbriick, a singer, whose brother after-
organ music, only a few have been pub- wards furnished him with several opera
lished. Fc'tis. texts. In 1831 Marschner was appointed
IMARSCHNER, .AJDOLF EDUAED, born court Kapellmeister at Hanover, where he
at Griinberg, Prussian Silesia, March
5, produced Hans Heiling, which has always
1810, died in Leipsic, Sept. 9, 1853.Vocal been considered his masterpiece. In 1836
composer, self-taught at Leipsic, while lie went to Copenhagen to bring this opera
studying law at the university, and subse- out there, and was otfered the post of Gen-
quently established there as a teacher of eral Director of Music in Denmark, which
singing and the pianoforte. Several of his honour, however, he declined, preferring to
songs have retained their retain his position at Hanover. After Hans
h'ric
in Germanv to this day.
'Mendel. j)oi3ularity
Heiling he wrote but little for the stage.
MAKSCHNER, HEINIIICH (AUGUST), Mai-schner ranks next to Weber and Sj)ohr
born at Zittau, among the dramatic composers in Germany
Saxony, Aug. IG, of his day. Rossini's universal success is
179G, died in Han- said to have had some influence upon his
over, Dec. 14, 18G1. but Weber's influence ujjon him will
style,
He began more marked.
to take pi- always be recognized as far
anoforte lessons at Indeed, the only flaw in Marschner's claim
six, and made such to originality is that both his melodies and
rapid progress that his general treatment of them smack so un-

ho surjiassed three mistakably of Weber. He was a facile
consecutive teachers comjjoser and worked but his ver^- rapidly,
-^'^s^^ jji a short time, scores abound iu elaborate writing, and
when, his parents being nnable to afford show the hand of an accomplished master.
him a better teacher, his studies were inter- Besides his oj)eras, he wrote a good deal of
rupted for a year, though he soon began to jnusic in various forms, little, if any, of
compose little pieces. He sang iu a church which has lived but his Vampyr, Templer ;
choir at Bautzen until his voice changed. uiid Jiidin aud Hans Heiling are still stand-
Ilis regular studies in music began under ard works in the rcjiertory of German op-
Schicht in Leipsic, whither he went in era-houses.
181G to study law. Rochlitz advised him Works I. Dramatic Der Kyffhiiuser- :
to make music a profession in 1817 he ac- berg, wi'itten in Presburg, 1817, not per-
;
companied Count Thaddeus von Amadee, a formed Saidor, three acts, Presburg, 1819; ;
Hungarian noble, to Presburg and Vienna, Heinrich IV. und d'Aubigue, Dresden,
where he came under the notice of Beetho- 1820 Der Ilohdieh, one act, ib., 1825
; ;
!
ven, who advised him to try his hand at Lucretia, Dantzic, 182G Der Vampijr, two ;
comjjositiou iu the sonata-form for practice. acts, Leipsic, Blarch 28, 1828 Der Teniphr ;
In Presburg he wrote Der Kyffliiiuserberg und die Jiidin, three acts, Leipsic, ib., 1829 ;
and Heinrich IV., the latter of which Weber Des Falhiers Braut, ib., 1832 Hans Hei- ;
produced at Dresden. The success of this ling, three acts, Berlin, 1833 Das Schloss ;
work led to the appointment of Marschner am Aetna, three acts, Hanover, June 5,
as joint conductor of the German and Ital- 183G Der Biibu, ib., 1837 Kaiser Adolf
; ;
B24
;
MARSEILLAISE
von Nassau, four acts, ib., 18-43 Austin, ; mre du Ellin, dodio an Marechal Liickner,"
ib., 1851 Hjarne der Sangerkouig (posthu-
; (Dannbach, Strasburg, 1792). Mireur sang
mous), Frankfort-on-tbe-Main, 18G3, and it, June 25, 1792, at a civic banquet at Mar-
Munich, as Kunig Hjarne iind das Tyrfing- seilles, with such effect that it was printed
sehwert, 1883 Music to Ivleist's Prinz

; and distributed among the volunteers then
Friedrich von Homburg do. to Kind's ; leaving there for Paris. The battalion en-
Schon Ellen do. to Hell's AH Baba do. to
; ; tered Paris singing this hymn, and the mob
Rodenberg's Waklmiiller's Margret do. to ; shouted it as it marched to attack the Tuile-
Mosenthal's Goldschmied von Uhn. ries, Aug. 10, 1792. After that d.ay the song-
n. Vocal About 10 sets of four j)art
: was called " Chant des Marseillais," and final-
songs for male voices (Leipsic, Hanover) ly " La Marseillaise." The original composi-
About 20 sets of songs, etc., for a single tion contained additional bars of instrument-
voice and pianoforte (Leipsic, Homburg, al accompaniment, which were afterwards
Magdeburg, Brunswick, Hanover). supjsressed. In their accompaniments for
in. Instrumental Quartet for pianoforte : the pianoforte and orchestra, Edelmann,
and strings, op. 30 (Leipsic, Hofmeister) ;
Gretry, and more especially Gossec, enriched
Trios for do., op. 29 (Leipsic, Probst), op. the harmonies, and soon La Marseillaise in
50 (Hofmeister) Divertissements, jjolo-
; its ijresent form was known throughout
naises, marches for jjianoforte, i hands, op. France. The first edition appeared with
7, 13, IG, 28 Sonatas for pianoforte solo,
;
six stanzas but when the hymn was dra-
;
op. G, 24, 33, 38, 39, 40 Rondos and fau- ; matized for the Fete de la Federation, a
seventh, by Dubois, was added. The song
'^^*-'T..O''^<-v^y^;^y gained its writer a pension from Louis
Philijipe. De Lisle's authorship of the
words has never been denied but the com-
;
position of the tune has been doubted. It

has been said that it is the same as the Ba-
varian Volkslied " Stand ich auf hohen Berg-
en," and Castil-Blaze declares it to have
been taken from a German hymn. Fetis
assigns it to a composer Navoigille but ;
tasias for do., op. 10, 11, 1."), IS, 19, 20, 21, these assertions have been disproved, and
22, 23, 25, 31, 33, 37, 49, 57, 58, 59, G4, 71, documentary evidence brought to light in
74 ; Variations for do., op. 48, 09. Men- a pamphlet, entitled " La verite sur la pa-
del ; Fetis Riemaun
; Grove. ; ternite de la Marseillaise," by A. Rouget de
MARSEILL.ilSE, LA, popular French Lisle, the composer's nephew. The contro-
hymn, words and music by Rouget de versy is examined in Loquin's " Les melo-
Lisle, composed during the night of April dies populaires de la France " (Paris, 1879).
24, 1792, in Strasburg, v^here the authoi', a The tune occurs in the opening chorus of
captain of engineers, was quartered. It Salieri's opera, Palmira, and in the intro-
was written in a moment of enthusiasm, duction to Grison's oratorio Esther. Gos-
and was first sung on Ajjril 25, at the house sec included it in his ojêras, Le camp de
of Dietrich, Mayor of Strasburg. It was Grandpre and La reprise de Toulon, and
copied and arranged for a military band Schumann introduces it with great effect
on the following day, and first performed into his song. Die beiden Grenadiere, op.
by the Garde Nationale at a review on Sun- 49, No. 1, and in his overture to Goethe's
day, April 29, 1792. It was first published " Hermann und Dorothea," op. 136. The
under the title " Chant de guerre pour I'ar- song was arranged for double chorus and
525
:
MAr.SII
yi-and orchestra by Hector Berlioz, published Vienna, Nov. 25, 1847. Tliis opera was an
bj' Brandns (Paris). Larousse, Die. univ. ;
extension of the Lady Henrietta, ou la ser-
Lamartine, Histoire des Giroudiiis, ii. 408 vante de Greenwich, ballet-pantomime in
;
Castil-Blaze, lloliere musicien, ii. 452 Eam- three acts, text by Saint-Georges, music by
;
bosson, Les harmonies dii son, 137 Hans- Flotow, Burgmiiller, and Deldevez, first rep-
;
lick, Memoires resented at the Academic Eoyale de Mii-

Musikalische Stationen, 180 ;
de Hector Berlioz, 158 Harmonicon (1830), sique, Paris, Feb. 1, 1844. Martha is Flo-
;
374, 410 Grove Atheuscuni (18G1), i. 550

; ;
low's masterpiece, and few operas have been ;
ii. 597 (18G3);i. 185. more frequently performed. Original cast

MAUSH, JOHN, born at Dorking, Sur- Lady Harriet Durham (S.) .Frl. Anna Zerr. .
rey, in 1752, died at Chichester, Sussex, in

Lyo'nel (T.) Herr Ander.
1828. Amateur organist and comiôser, and
Plumkett (B.) Herr Carl Formes.
didactic writer, lived at Salisbury in 177G-
81, Canterbury in 1781-8G, and Chichester The scene is in Richmond during the reign
in 1787-1828, in each of which places he of Queen Anne, but the Italian version places
conducted the orchestra at subscriijtion con-
certs, bringing out many of his composi-
tions. Works : 8 sj'mphonies ; Symphony
for 2 orchestras ; Overtures ; String quar-
tets ; Preludes, fantasias, etc., for the organ ;
Pianoforte music ; Antiphons, anthems,

psalms, and many other sacred compositions,
for 1-4 voices. Fctis ; Mendel.
MAESHALL, "\nLLIA:\[, born in Eng-
land in 180G, died at Handsworth, Aug. 17,
1875. Chorister in the Chapel Royal, and
in 1823 in Christ Church Cathedral and St.
John's College, Oxford organist, of All ;
Saints Church, Oxford, and in 184G of St.

Mary's, Kidderminster. Mus. Bac, Oxford,
182G Mus. Doc, ib., 1840. He published
;
a book of Anthems (1840), Art of reading

Church Music (1842), and left much mis-
cellaneous church music.
MARSICK, M.ARTIN, born at JupiUe, the action in the 15tb, and the French in the
near Liege, March 9, 1848, still living, 1889. 19th century. For love of adventure the
Virtuoso on the violin, pupil at the Liege Lady Harriet, accompanied by her cousin,
Conservatoires of Desire-Heyuberg, at Brus- Sir Tristan, and her maid, Nancy, visits the
sels (18r)5-G7) of Leonard, and in Paris fair at Richmond, where she and Nancy, un-
(18GS-G9) of Massart, finally, in Berlin (1870- der the names of Martha and Julia, become
71), private pupil of Joachim appeared
; witli bound in service to two farmers, Plumkett,
great success at the Concerts PojDulaires in and his adopted brother Lyonel, whose par-
Paris, 1873, and has composed a number of entage is iinknown. In the second act the
effective
works for his instrument. Rie- new servants are put on trial at the spinning-
mann. wheel, and although they prove inefficient
M.iRTHA, Oder Der Markt zu Rich- their masters decide to keep them. Lyonel
mond, opera in four acts, text bj' Fried- steals a rose from Martha, who sings " 'Tis
rich, music by Flotow, first represented in the last I'ose of summer," which Flotow
686
;
MARTIN
Las iusertetl with great eftect. Sir Tristan Paris (1858), 50, 00, 07 Athen;cum (1858), ;
soon discovers them, and Martha and Nancy 25, 490 Upton, Standard Operas, 108. ;
escape. The next scene is in a forest, MAPtTIN, GEOllGE CLEMENT, born

where several farmers are carousing. The at Chipjîng-Lambourn, Berkshire, England,
Queen's hunting-party enters, and Pkimkett in 1844, still living, 1889. Suborganist and
and Lyouel recognize Martha and Nancy choirmaster of St. Paul's Cathedral, Lon-
among the maids of honour. Plumkett at- don Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1868 Mus. Doc, ; ;
tempts to seize Nancy, and during the chase ib. Works To Deum Communion Ser- : ;
Lyonel and Martlia are loft alone. Lyouel, vices ; Magnificat and Nunc dimittis, for
in despair at learning the Lady Harriet's chorus and orchestra ; Anthems; Songs and
rank, sends a valuable jewel to the Queen, part-songs ; Pianoforte music.
by which it is discovered that he is the Earl M.VETIN Y SOL.m, VICENTE (called
of Derby. His estates are restored, and the by the Italians Martini, or lo Siiagnuolo),
Lady Harriet gives him her hand. Nancy born at Valencia, Spain, in 1754, died in St.
and Plumkett are also united. Among the Petersburg in May, 1810. Dramatic com-
best numbers are "Von den edleu Cava-
: poser was choir-boy in his native i)lace and
;
liereu," duet between Martha and Nancy ; later organist at Alicante. Then ho went
Lyonel's air, "Ja! Seit friiher Kindheits to Madrid, and wrote some airs for an Ital-
Tagen ;" the quartet, " Lnmer muuter dreh' ian singer named Guglietti, who advised
das Riidchen ;" " Mitternacht," known as him to set out for Italy ; arriving there
the " Gute Nacht quartet " Plumkett's about 1781, he visited Florence, Lucca,
;
"
drinking song, " Lasst mich Euch frageu Genoa, Venice, Turin, and Rome, and his
;
Lyonel's air, " Ach so fromm " and Martha's operas became very jsopular, though such
;
romance, " Hier iu stillen Schattengriin- composers as Paisiello, Guglielmi, and

den." The success of the opera
perhaps Cimarosa were then living.
is In 1785 he
due to the gay action and combi- went to Vienna, where his operas achieved
effective
nation of the solo parts. A strong scene a greater success than Mozart's Nozze di
was written for Mme Nantier-Didiee, who Figaro and Don Giovanni had a short time
sang the part of Nancy, which also was one before. Mozart did justice to his rival, but
of Mme Trebelli's best impersonations. predicted truly that his works would not
The rule of Martha has been sung with live. He was a great favourite, with the
great success by Mme Bosio, Adelina Patti, Emperor Joseph H. In 1788, summoned
Christine Nilssou, and Marzella Sembrich. to the court of Catharine II., he became di-
This opera was first performed in London, rector of the Italian Opei-a in St. Peters-
in Italian, at Covent Garden, July 1, 1858 burg, and the Emperor Paul I. afterwards
in English, at Drury Lane, Oct. 11, 1858 made him an imperial councillor. When
;
in Paris at the Salle Ventadour, Feb. 11, the French Ojêra was substituted for the
1858 ;at the Theatre Lyrique, Dec. IG, Italian Opera, in 1801, he lost his place and
18(55. First in New York, Nov. 1, 1852 had to teach for a living. Pleasing melo-
;
at the Metropolitan Opera House, April 23, dies and a natural style characterize his
1887, with Mme Adelina Patti, Mme Scalchi, works, but they are lacking in profundity.
Signor Guille, and Signor Del Puente. xi piece from his La cosa rara was introduced
Published by G. F. Muller (Vienna, 1818) by IMozart into the finale of the second act
;

by Cranz (Hamburg). Clement et La- of Don Giovanni. Works Operas Ifigenia :
rousse, 438 Lajarte, ii. 174

; Edwards, in Aulide, Florence, 1781 Astartea, Lucca
; ; ;
Lyrical Drama, ii. 73 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., La dora festeggiata, Turin, 1783 L'accorta
; ;
1. 458, 475 Neue Berliner mus. Zeitg. cameriera, ib., id. Ipermestra, Rome, 1784
; ; ;
(1855), 186 ; Eevue et Gazette musicale de II burbero di buon cuore. La cajiricciosa

:
MARTINEZ
eoiTetta, L' arbore di Diana, and La cosa and rare specimens of nuisic of every de-
rara (bis masterpiece), Vienna, 1785 ; Gb scription, surpassing the richest library
sposi in coutrasto, St. Petersburg. La ever collected by any musician. He endeav-
regina di Golconda, ballet, Lucca otber oured to iireserve the grand old traditions of
;
ballets, Genoa and Venice II sogno, can- music, without sacrificing to purity of style
;
tata ; Canons Te Deuin the elegant manner of modern times, and

; 12 Italian ariettas ;
(MS). Fctis Gerber the cantilena. In time he became the high-

; Mendel ; Schilling ; ;
Riemann. est authority in historical and theoretical

]\L\ETINEZ (JIartines), MMiliVNNE, couti'oversies pupils came to him from all ;
born in Vienna, May 4, ITll, died there, quarters of the globe, and famous masters
Dec. 13, 1812. Pupil of Haydn and Por- and scholars did not hesitate to ask his ad-
pora became a fine singer and pianist, and vice, and to submit unsettled questions to his
;
gave evening jaarties attended by many final decision. Of his magnificent library
noted musicians. She devoted herself in a part was incorporated in the imperial
the latter part of her life to teaching pu- library of Vienna, while the bulk went to
pils of promise. Honorary member of the the Liceo Filarmonico at Bologna. He was
Accademia Filarmonica of Bologna in 1773. a member of both Academies in Bologna,
Works Isacco, oratorio Two other ora- and of the Ai'cadians in Rome, rmdcr the
: ;
torios Mass Psalms, and other sacred name of Aristoxeuos Amphion. Works
; ;
music Cantatas Symphonies Overtures LitaniiB atque antiphoniic finales, etc., for 4
; ; ; ;
;
Sonatas Motets; jVi'ias. Wurzbach Men- voices, with organ and instruments (1734) ; ;
del Fotis
; Grove Burney, The Present Souate (12) d' intavolatnra per 1' organo o
; ;
State of Music in Germany, i. 300, 311. cembalo (Amsterdam, 1742) do. (0), (Bo- ;
MARTINI, Padre GIOVANNI BAT- logna, 1747) Duetti da camera a diversi ;
TISTA (Giam- voci (ib., 1703). In mauuscrij)t San Pie- :
battista), born tro, oratorio ; second setting L' assun-

do., ;
at Bologna, April zioue di Salomoue al trono d' Israello,

2.5, 1700, died oratorio ; La Dirindina, farsetta ; L'iuipre-
there, Oct. 3, sario delle Cauarie, intermezzo ; II Don
17 81. Contra- Chisciotto, do. II maestro di musica, do. ; ;
puntist and musi- ^Masses. His most important work is his

cal historian, son Storia della musica (Bologna, 1757, 1770,
of a violinist who
1781) he published also Exemplare ossia
;
instructed him on saggio fondamentale 2'i"T'tico di contrap-

bis i n s t r u ment punto (ib., 1774-75), besides a great num-
and on the piano- ber of smaller treatises, dissertations,
forte pupil of Padre Predieri in singing, correspondences, etc.
;
On the centenary
and of Riccieri in counterpoint. He en- anniversary of his death (1884) the Bologna
tered the order of Franciscan friars in municipality undertook the publication of
1721, and became maestro di cappella at his correspondence, of which one volume is
their church in 1725. He was much aided, published (1732-55), entitled Carteggio :
at that period, in his contrapuntal efforts

by Giacomo Perti, maestro di cappella of
S. Petronio, and also devoted much time to
mathematical studies. Eager to become iuedito del P. Gianbattista Martini coi piii
acquainted with all the old and new trea- celebri musicisti del suo tempo (Bologna,
tises on musical subjects, he accumulated a 1888).~Fantuzzi, Notizie degli Scrittori
precious collection of books, manuscripts, Bologuesi, V. 342 Fetis ; Gandolfo, Elogio ;
^>,.77y/'^<>6cX<^
;
MARTINI
(li Gio. Batt. Martini, etc. (Bologna, 1813) religious. Works Operas
;
L'amoureux :
MoiescLi, Orazioiie in lode del P. M., etc. de quinze ans, 1771 Le fermier cru ;
(ib., 178C) Pacciaudi, Elogio del R. P. sourd, Le nouveau-ne, 1772

;
Le rendez- ;
(iranib. Martini ; Delia Valle, Elogio del vous nocturne, 1773 ; Henri IV, ou la ba-
Padre, etc. (Bologna, 1781) ; do., Memorie taille d'lvry, 1771 ; Le droit du seigneur,
storicbe del P. M., etc. (Naples, 1785). 1783 ; L'amant sylphe, 1785
Sapho, 1791 ; ;
MARTINI, JE.VN PAUL EGIDE, born Annette Lubin, Zimeo, 1800 Sophie, ou
et ;
at Freistadt in tlie Palatinate, Sept. 1, 1711, le tremblement de terre de Messine Le ;
died in Paris, Feb. 10, 181G. Dramatic poete suppose La partie de campagne. ;
composer real name

; Schwartzeudorf, but Arcabonne, cantata Cantata for the mar- ;
he changed it on entering France, and for riage of Najjoleon and Marie Louise Trios, ;
a long time was knownTe- quartets, and other chamber music Mili-
as Martini il ;
desco. At the age of ten he was organist tary music Classes, psalms, Requiems, and ;
at the Jesuit seminary of Neustadt on the other church music Songs, with pianoforte ;
Danube, and while studying at the Univer- accompaniment. Pougin, Martini (Paris,
sity of Freiburg in the Breisgau acted as 1801) Eloge de JMartiui in the Princesse ;
organist of the Franciscan convent. In Constance de Salni's Qiluvres, iv. (Paris,

1760 he settled in Nancy, where a few 1812) Clement, Mus. celebres, 1G8 Fetis ; ; ;
light compositions gained him the favour of Mendel Larousse, x. 1285 Michaud, Biog. ; ;
King Stanislaus, whose service he entered. univ., xxvii. 159 N. Biog. gen., xxxiv. 88. ;
When his master died, in 1701, he went to MARTINN (Martin), JACOB JOSEPH
Paris, where he won a prize ofl'ered for a BALTHASAR, born in Antwerp, May 1,
militarj' march, and through the influence 1775, died in Paris, Oct. 10, 1836. Violinist
of the Due de Choiseul was appointed offi- began as a choir-boy in the Church of Saint-
cer in the suite of a hussar regiment, allow- Jacques, Antwerp went to Paris in 1793 ;
ing him leisure for comjiositiou. On the and was violinist in the orchestra first of
success of his first opera he left the army, the Theatre du Vaudeville, then at the Ital-
in and became musical director to
1771, ian opera, and, after the imperial lyceums
the Prince de Conde, later to the Comte had been organized, became professor of
d'Artois. Just before the Revolution he the violin at the Lycee de Charlemagne.
bought the reversion of the office of super- Works Symphonie concertante, for 2
:
intendent of the king's music. He directed flutes and bassoon do. for flute, oboe, horn, ;
the music of Theatre de Monsieur,

the and bassoon 7 quartets for strings Trios
; ;
afterwards Theatre Feydeau, from its open- for flute, violin, and violoncello Duos for ;
ing, but lost all his places and pensions in violins Do. for flute and violin
; 2 methods ;
1792, and fled to Lyons. As soon as be for violin ; Method for viola. Fetis.
felt safe to Paris, wrote patri-
he returned MARTINOVSKY, JAN PAVEL, born
otic songs, and became a member of the at Melnik, Bohemia, Feb. 24, 1808, died in
committee and inspector of the Conserva- Prague, Nov. 7, 1873. Vocal composer,
toire, but was deprived of these posts in first instructed by Simon M. Hoepler, then
1802. After the restoration he claimed pupil at Kjsoka of Kmoch on the organ.
the superintendency of the king's music, After finishing his philosophical studies in
and obtained it in 1814. For his Requiem Prague, he entered the Premonstrant mon-
mass, performed in 181G on the anniversary astery at Strahov, to win undisturbed lei-
of the death of Louis XVI., he received the sure for composition. Works Mass for :
grand cordon of the Order of St. Michael. male voices Zdravas Maria, motet for ;
His melodies are dramatic and expressive, mixed chorus, with organ Ave maris Stella ; ;
but his church music is more brilliant than Several collections of Bohemian songs;
: ;
MAirmuo
Harraoiij' to 500 Bobemian national melo- Polj'eucte M. Duprez.
dies (Prague, 1842-70). Mendel. Pauline Mine Dorus-Gras.
MARTIRIO DI SANTA TEODOSIA, IL, Severe M. Massol.
Italian oratorio by Alessandro Scarlatti, first Felix M. Derivis.
given in Rome in 1705. Grove, ii. 537. Callisthene M. Serda.
JIARTUCCI, GIUSEPPE, born at Capua, Nearque 'SI. Wartel.
Jan. (i, 185G, still living, 1889. Pianist, first
instructed by bis fatber, tben pupil at tbe It was given at the Royal Ihilian Opera,
Conservatorio, Naples, of Cesi, Carlo Costa, London, April 20, 1852 ; at tbe Theatre
Paolo Serrao, and Lauro Rossi. Having Published
Italien, Paris, April 20, 1859.
settled at Naples to teach, be soon appeared by Scbott (Mainz) by Ricordi (Milan). ;
in public as a virtuoso, winning great ap- Clement et Larousse, 439 Allgem. mus. ;
plause, first at Naples, tben in Rome, and in Zeitg., xl. 774 Neue Zeitschr., xii. 187, 191 ;
1875 and 1877 in !Milan, also in Loudon and Athenwum (1852), 4G5.
Dublin, and 1878 in Paris. "Works Quintet J\LU{X, ADOLPH BERNHARD, born in
:
for iîanoforte and strings

by tbe Soci- (prize Halle, May 15, 1799,
eta del Quartette, Milan, 1878) Sonata for ^'*'*^.. died in Berlin, May
;
pianoforte and violin Caprices, melodies,

; 17, 18GG. Tbe son
romances, etudes, etc., for jnanoforte. Fe- of a physician, be
tis, Supplement, ii. 177. studied law aud ob-
MARTYR OF ANTIOCH, THE, cantata, tained a legal ap-
textby tbe Very Rev. H. H. Milman, music pointment in Naum-
by Artbur Sullivan, first given at tbe Leeds V)urg, but soon left
(England) Musical Festival, Oct. 15, 1880. it for Berlin. He
Mme Albani, Mine Patey, Mr. Edward bad been a pupil of
Lloyd, Mr. F. King, and Mr. Henry Cross Tiirk in Halle, got
sang tbe solos. It was sung in Berlin, where be
at tbe Crys- some ideas from Logier
tal Palace, Loudon, Dec. Scene received instruction also from Zelter, and
11, 1880.
I. Tbe Temple of Apollo H. Bui-ial Place supported himself by teaching pianoforte,
;
of tbe Christians IH. Palace of tbe Pre- singing, and composition. In 1824, with
;
fect IV. Outside the Prison of tbe Chris- the publisher Schlesinger, he founded the
;
tians. Characters represented Heathen

Berliner allgemeine musikaliscbe Zeitung,
:
Olybius, tbe Roman Prefectwhich, during its seven years of existence,

; Callias, the
priest of Apollo youths aud maidens, did good service by extending tbe appreci-
; Julia,
the populace of Autiocb. Christians Fa- ation of Beethoven. He received tbe de-
:
bius. Bishop of Antioch Margarita, daugh- gree of doctor from the University of Mar-
;
ter of Callias The Christian congregation. burg in 1827, then gave lectures on music
;
Published by Cbappell & Co. (London, at the Berlin University, of which be was
1880). Atbenffium (1880), ii. 539, 824. appointed professor in 1830 and musi-
MARTYRS, LES, opera in four acts, text cal director in 1832. He founded tbe
by Scribe after Corneille's " Polyeucte," mu- Berliner Conservatorium with Kullak aud
sic by Donizetti, first represented at tbe Stern in 1850, but withdrew from it in
Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, April 185G, and thenceforth devoted himself to
10, 1840. This opera was a rearrangement his universitj' work, his private jûpils, and
of the composer's Poliuto. The third act is literary affairs. He was very intimate at
wTitten in bis best style. It contains a sex- one time with Mendelssohn, whose poor
tet which is almost as famous as the cele- opinion of his work embittered their friend-
brated one in Lucia. Original cast sbij). His compositions were indeed of lit-
;
MARXSEJ^
tie value, and liis reputation rests entirely also in Paris and Milan. He has been em-
upon his theoretical writings. Besides tak- ployed since 1870 in the British Museum,
ing up theory in a new way and treating it where he superin-
in a more elegant style, he was the first to tends the musical
emphasize the beauties of Beethoven's last department of the
works, and did much to s^sread a knowledge library. Works
of some of the other great masters. Works Songs Twickenham : :
Moses, oi-atorio Johannes der Tiiufer, do. Ferry

;
The Gar- ; ;
Music to the drama, Jery uud Biitely, and land Three Sailor ;
to the melodrama, Die Rache wartet 2 Boys Wait till j-ou ; ;
symphonies Cantatas Sonata for piano- come to forty year

; ; ;
forte Nahid und Omar, a cycle of songs

;
The Miller and the
Choruses and songs Choral and organ Maid Ask nothing
; ;
book. Literary works Die Kunst des Ge- more May Music : ; ;
saugs (Berlin, 1826) Ueber Malerei in der When my Jim comes home, etc. He is au-
;
Tonkunst (ib., 1828) Ueber die Geltung thor also of a volume of poems.
;
Handel'scher Sologesiinge fiir unsere Zeit MASANIELLO, Auber. See 3ItieUe de

(ib., 1829) Die Lehre von ; der musika- Portici.
lischen Komposition (Leipsic, 183715, 4 MASANIELLO, ou le pecheur uapolitain,

vols.) Allegemeine Musiklehre (ib., 1839, drame-lyrique in four acts, text by Moreau
;
9th edition, 1875, also an English trans- and Lafortelle, music by Carafa, first repre-
lation) Die alte Musiklehre im Streite mit sented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Dec.
;
unserer Zeit (ib., 1811) Die Musik des 19. 27, 1827. Subject the same as that of Au-
;
Jahrhunderts und ihre Pllege (ib., 1855) ber's Muetle de Portici. The part of Masa- ;
Ludwig von Beethoven's Leben und Schaf- niello was sung by Pouchard, that of Ruf-
fen (Berlin, 1858-59, 3d edition, 1875); fino by Valere. Published by Breitkopf &
Gluck und die Oper (ib., 18G2) Anleitung Hiirtel (Lei^Jsic). Other operas, same title,
;
zum Vortrag Beethoven'scher Klavierwerke in German, text by Feind, music by Rein-

(ib., 1863) Erinnerungeu aus meinem Le- hold Keiser, Hamburg, 1706 in English,
; ;
ben (ib., 1865) and many articles in musi- by Henry R. Bishop, London, 1825. Revue
;
cal journals.
Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 533 musicale, ii. 513 Clement et Larousse, ; ;
Mendel Schilling Riemann Fotis.

; 110. ; ;
MARXSEN, EDUARD, born at Nien- MASCHEK (MaSek), CAMHiLO, born

stiidten, near Altona, July 23, 1806, died at at Laybach, Carniola, July 11, 1831, died
Altona, Nov. 18, 1888. Pupil of his father at Stainz, ib., June 29, 1859. Vocal com-
and of Clasing in Hamburg, later of Sey- poser, pupil of his father, then in Vienna
fried and Booklet in Vienna, and then set- of Staudigl in singing and of Titl in com-
led in Hamburg as a teacher. Brahms and position was musical instructor in the fam- ;
Deppe are the best known of his pupils. ily of Count Strachwitz at Schebetau, ]\Io-
Works Beethoven's Schatten, an orchestral ravia, in 1852-54, then succeeded his father
:
composition Symphonies and overtures for as instructor in the public music school at
;
orchestra Marches, variations, I'ondos, so- Laybach.

; He endeavoured particularly to
natas, and other pieces for pianoforte. Fe- cultivate national music, and set many of
tis, vi. 13; Grove ; Schilling. the poems of the Slovenian poet Preshern.
MARZIALS, THEOPHILUS, born in Works Several masses Requiem 3 Tan-
: ; ;
Brussels, Dec. 21, 1850, still living, in Lon- tum ergo Offertory German and Slovenian
; ;
don, 1889. Vocal composer, pupil in Lon- sacred songs ; 60 secular songs. Wurz-
don of Malcolm Leonard Lawson studied ; bach.
631
; ;
MxVSCIlEK
MASCHEK (Masek), PAUL, born at bor (Prague, 1861), iv. No. 5 Dlabacz ;
Zwikowecz, Bohemia, in 1701, died in Vien- Fctis Wurzbaeh.

;
na, Nov. 22, 1826. Pianist, organist, and MASCOTTE, LA, opi'ra-comique in three
virtuoso ou the harmonica was musical ; acts, text by Chivot and Duru, music by
instructor in the famQies of Counts Na- Audran, first represented at the Bouftes
dasdy and Niczkj in Hungary, and at Vi- Parisiens, Paris, Dec. 29, 1880. La Mas-
enna, where he settled shortly after 1702, cotte (Bettiua) was sung by Mile Montba-
and was much in vogue as a teacher of the zou Pippo, by M. Morlet and Kocco, by
; ;
pianoforte. Works Waldraf der Wan- : M. Lamy. It was first performed in New
derer, opera Der Ilieseukampf, do. Sol-
; ; York, Sept. 2S, 1881. Revue et Gixz. mus.
emn mass ; Cantata ; G symphonies for or- de Paris (1880), 421 Le Monestrel (1880-
;
chestra ; 6 pieces for 8 wind instruments ; 81), 31 element et Larousse, 925.

;
Sextets, quintets, and quartets for stiiags ;

MA SIGNORI, PERCHfi TANTA QUES-
3 sonatas for pianoforte, flute or violin, and TIONE ? See Crisjnno e la Comare.
violoncello ; 3 trios for do. ; Sonata for MASK TRIO. See Don Giovanni.
jDianoforte, and 3 duos for JLASNADIERI, I (The Brigands), Italian
flute or violin ;
pianoforte and viohn Wiener Aufgebot, opera in four acts, text by Maffei, after
;
sonata for pianoforte Marche de la bataiUe Schiller's " Die Riiuber," music by Verdi,
;

de Leipsick for do. Dlabacz Fetis Gass- first represented at Her Majesty's, London,
; ;
ner Wurzbaeh.
; July 22, 1817. Verdi himself conducted,
jNLASCHEK (:Masek), \'INCENZ, bom at and the cast included Jenny Lind, Lablache,
Zwikowecz, Bohemia, April 5, 175.5, died at Gardoni, Coletti, BoucIk', Corelli, and Dai-
Prague, Nov. 15, 1831. Virtuoso on the pia- fori. It was first represented in New York,
noforte and the harmonica, brother of Paul, June 2, 1860. Translated into French by
jiupil of his father, then of Dussek and of Jules Ruelle, and performed at the Athence,
Segert travelled with Count Wrtby, and Paris, Feb. 3, 1870.
; Ojjeras ou the same
played in the principal cities of Germany subject in Italian I Briganti, by Mercad- :
and in Copenhagen. After his return he ante Riccardo Moor, text by Piave, music ;
was appointed music director by the Bohe- by Gallo, Naples, December, 1813 in Ger- ;
mian Estates, and in 1791 at the Church of man, Die Riiuber, in three acts, by Lr>sching-
St. Nicholas. In 1802 he established a music er, Pesth, December, 1813. Clement et
trade. With his wife, who also was a dis- Larousse, 111, 777 Athenajum (1817), 795. ;
tinguished pianist, he gave many grand con- MASON, LOWELL, born, of American
certs, and contributed much to the elevation parentage, at Medfield,
of musical life in Prague. Works Der Massachusetts, Jan. 8, :
Ostindienfahrcr, opera, given in Prague 1792, died at Orange,

Der Spiegelritter, do., ib., 1794 BOhmens New Jersey, Aug. 11, ;
Daukgefiihl, cantata to Archduke Charles, 1872. Self-taught in

ib., 179G Cantata for the wedding of Em-
; music took charge ;
lêror Francis I., ib., 1808 ; 8 solemn masses

church choir ;
of the
31 motets ; Symphonies for orchestra
Con- at Medfield when six- ;
certo for pianoforte, with orchestra Con- teen years old. In;
certino, for pianoforte (1 hands), with two 1812-27 he resided

flutes, 2 clarinets, 2 horns, and 2 bassoons in Savannah, Georgi.a, ;
Quatuor concertant, for pianoforte, flute, vio- as clerk in a bank, at the same time teach-
lin, and violoncello Sonata for pianoforte, ing and conducting. In 1827 he removed
;
and violin Many sonatas, and other music to Boston, and became president of the
;
for pianoforte Collections of songs.

; Dali- Handel and Haydn Society. An advocate
;
MASON
of the Pestalozzian system, he established others were given. Bergmann's place was
classes in and was granted in 1828 the afterwards taken by F. Bergner and the con-
it,
privilege of teaching it in the public schools certs were continued until 18G8, acquiring
of Boston. In 1832 he established, with a wide reputation as the Mason and Thomas
George James Webb, the Boston Academy Soirees of Chamber Music. During the last
of Music, and in 1835 received the degree thirty years Mr. Mason has taught the pi-
of Mus. Doc. from the New York Univer- anoforte, and many of his pupils have at-
sity. He visited Europe in 1837 to make tained eminence. In 1872 he received from
himself acquainted with didactic methods, Yale College the honorary degree of Doctor
especially inGermany, and published his of Music. He resides at present in Orange,
impressions under the title "Musical Let- N. J. His compositions are classical in
ters from Abroad " (New York, 1853). He style and are characterized by form clear
edited and compiled many collections of and refined treatment. Works Deux Ro- :
music, which had an enormous sale and mances sans paroles, op. 1, 1845 Im- ;
bi-ought him a fortune. His last days were promptu, op. 3, 1851 Silver Spring, op. 6,
;
spent at Orange, New Jersey. Works : 185G Ballade in B major, op. 12, 1863
; ;
Boston Handel and Haydn Collection of Deux Humoresques de Bal, op. 23, 1866 ;
Church Music (1822) Juvenile Tsalmist

;
Reverie Poetique, op. 24, 1808 Teacher ;
(1829) ;Juvenile Lyre (1830) Sabbath ;

and Pupil Eight Duos for four hands, op.
:
School Songs (1S3G) Boston Academy

; 20, 1809; Prelude in A minor, op. 80,
Collection of Church Music (183G) Lyra ;
1870; Romance Etude, op 32, 1871 Three ;
Sacra (1837) Boston Anthem Book (1839)

;
Characteristic sketches, op. 35, 1876 Toc- ;
The Psaltery (18i5) Cautica Laudis(1850)

; ;
cata, oil. 37, 1882 Serenata, for pianoforte
;
New Carmina Sacra (1852) The Song Gar- ; and violoncello, op. 39, 1882 Minuet, op. ;
den (180G), and many others. 43, 1882. DidacticWorks A Method for :
MASON, WILL1A.M, born, of American the Pianoforte, by Wm. Mason and E. S.

parentage, in Boston, Massachusetts, Jan. Hoadley (Boston, 18G7) System for Begin- ;
24, 1829, still living, 1889. Pianist, son of ners iu the Art of playing upon the Piano-
Lowell Mason, pupil in Boston on the pi- forte, by the same authors (Boston, 1871) ;
anoforte of Henry Schmidt ; went to Ger- Mason's Pianoforte Technics (Boston, 1878).
many in 1849, and studied in Leipsic the MASSAINI, TIBURCIO, born at Cremona
pianoforte under Moscheles, harmony under in the 16th century, died in Rome after
Moritz Hauptmann, and instrumentation 1605. Contrapuntist, was maestro di cap-

under E. F. Riehter, in Prague the piano- pella at S. M. del Popolo, Rome then iu ;
forte under Alexander Dreyschock, and at the service of the Emperor Rudolf H. in
Weimar in 1853-54 under Liszt. He played Prague (1580), and afterwards lived again
in public with success in Prague, Frankfort, in Rome. Works Masses for 5-6 voices :
and Weimar, and in 1853 in London at a (1578) do. for 8 voices (1000) Lamenta- ; ;
concert of the Harmonic Union Society, tlie tions for 5 voices (1599) 2 books of madri- ;
orchestra being conducted by Sir Julius gals for 4 voices (1569, 1573) 4 do. for 5 ;
Benedict. In 1854 he returned to America, voices (1571-94) Sacri modulorum con- ;
and soon after played in Boston, New York, centus, for 6-12 voices Vesper psalms and ;
Chicago, and other cities. In 1855-56 he Magnificats (1570) 4 books of motets for 5 ;
established in New York, in connection voices (1570-94) Ibook of do. for 4 voices ;
with Carl Bergmaun, Theodore Thomas, J. (1580) Motets for 7 voices (1007) Psalms
; ;
Mosenthal, and George Matzka, a series of for voices (1578). Fetis Riemann. ;
classical soirees at which the instrumental MASS.ART, LAMBERT JOSEPH, born

works of Haydn, Mozart, Schumann, and at UC'ge, July 19, 1811, still living, 1889.
"
MASSE
Violinist, pupil of Rodoljilie Kreutzer in Operas : La f avorita e la schiava (envoi de
Paris, where he became professor of vio- Rome, not performed) La rJtaiileiise voilee, ;
lin at the Conservatoire in 1843. Henri one act, Paris, Opera Comique, Nov. 2(>, 1850;
Wienawski was one of his pupils. He ap- Oalatee, two acts, ib., April 14, 1852 Les ;
peared a few times at the Concerts Spiritu- noces de Jeaunette, one act, ib., Feb. 4, 1853 ;
els, but devoted himself chieflj to teaching. La fiancee du diable, three acts, ib., June 5,
He received L. of Honour. Works Fanta- : 1855 Miss Fauvette, one act, ib., Feb. 13,
;
;
sia on Malibran's " Le reveil du beau jour 1855 Les saisons, three act.s, ib., Dec. 22,
;
Transcription of Soirees musicales by Ros- 1855 (remodelled, June 15, 1856) La reiiie ;
sini; Other violin music. His wife, Louise Topaze, three acts, Theatre Lyricjue, Dec. 27,
Aglae, born (Masson) in Paris, June 10, 1850 Le cousin de Marivaux, one act, Bad-
;
1827, is an excellent pianist, and since 1875 en-Baden, August, 1857 Les chaincs a por- ;
instructor at the Conservatoire. Fetis; do., teurs, one act, Paris, Opei-a Comique, April
Supph'ment, ii. 178 ; Mendel, Ergilnz., 204 ;
28, 1858 La fee Carabosse, three acts. The-
;
Ilieniann. atre Lyrique, Feb. 28, 1859 La nuile de ;
JI.VSSli: (FELIX MARIE), called VIC- Pedro, two acts, Ojaera, March G, 1863 Fior ;
TOR, born at Lorient d'Aliza, 4 acts. Opera Comique, Feb. 5, 1866 ;
(Jlorbihan), France, Le fih du brigadier, three acts, ib., Feb. 25,

March 7, 1822, died 1867 Paul et Virginie, three acts. Theatre
;
in Paris, July 4-5, Lyrique, Nov. 15, 1876; Une nuit de Cleo-
1884. Dramatic com- patre, Opera Comique, 1877 Le prix de ;
posor, pui)il from famille, not performed La trouvaille, one ;
1834 at the Paris act, do. Les enfants de Perrette, one act,
;
Conservat oire of do. ; Une loi somptuaire, two acts, do. ; La

Hak'vy. After tak- petite sceur Cho-
dAchille, one act, do. ;
ing first prizes in pi- ruses and an air for two comedies, Baden-
anoforte, harmony, Baden, September, 1861.
be won the pris de Rome in IL Cantatas, etc. Le renegat de Tanger :
1844 for his cantata Le renogat, which was (prix de Rome), Paris, Opera, 1845 Messe ;
given three times at the Opi'ra, February, solennelle, Rome, 1846 Cantata, Paris, ;
1845. In Rome, wliere he stayed two j-ears, Opera, Oct. 28, 1852 Songs from Victor ;
he brought out a Messe solennelle at S. Hugo's Orientates Chants bretons Chants; ;
Luigi de' Francesi, May 1, 184G. After du soir Chants d'autrefois. Fetis do.,
; ;
travelling through Italy and Germany he re- Supplement Riemann. ;
turned to Paris, and brought out his first MASSENET, JULES (liMILE FREDE-
opera. La chanleuse voilee, at the Oficra RIC), born at Mon-
Comique, Nov. 26, 1850. After the ex- taud, near Saint-
traordinary success of Les noces de Jean- Etienne (Loire), May
nette (1853) he wrote several operas, which, 12, 1842, still Hving,
although well received at first, did not keep 1889. Dramatic
the stage. In 1860 he was made chorus- composer, pupil at
master at the Opi'ra, and in 18G6 succeeded the Paris Conserva-
Leborne as professor of counterpoint at the toire ; won first prize
Conservatoire. On June he was
20, 1872, for pianoforte in
elected to the Institut to fill Auber's seat. 1859, second prize
Almost his last work was putting Offen- for fugue in 1862,
bach's posthumous Les contes d'Hoffmaun first prize for fugue and prix de Rome in
into shajse for performance. Works I.
1863. He studied under Ambroise Thomas,
634
MA TANTE
through -wliosG iufluencG his La, gTaiuV- speare, 5th do. Concert overture Over-
; ;
taute was given at the Opi'ra Comique on ture to Phcdre Lamento, to the memory of
;
his return from Italy. He attracted general Georges Bizet Sarabande espagnole, for
;
attention by some clever orchestral suites, small orchestra Pompeia, symphonic fan-
;
but it was after the Franco-Prussian "War tasy ;Introduction and variations, for 2
tliat his reputation was cousoliiTateJ by his violins, viola, violoncello, douljle-bass, flute,
Don Cesar ile Bazan (1872). This, and still oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon.
more his oratorio Marie Magdeleiue (1873), IV. For pianoforte : Scenes de bal, suite ;
placed him in the first rank of contempo- Improvisations, 20 pieces in 3 books, of
rary French composers. Works I. Dra- which only the first is published ; Le roniaii
matic La 7;-a;((rtante, one act, Paris, Oi^t-'ra

:
d'Arlequin, children's pantomime.
Comique, April 3, 18G7 La coupe du roi ; V. Songs, etc.: Poeme du souveuii', cyclus
de Thule, written for the concours at the of songs; Poeme d'avril, do.; Poc me pasto-
Opera in 18C7, but not given, now de- ral, do.; Pvcme d'octobre, do.; Poeme d'hi-
stroyed ; Paix et Liberte, scenic cantata,
Tliefitre Lyrique, Aug. 15, 18G7 ; Moduse,
three acts, written in 18G8, not given ; Don
Cesar de Bazan, three acts. Opera Comique,
Nov. 30, 1872 Les r>junief, antique trag-
;
edy in two parts, Odeon, Jan. G, 1873, and ver, do.; Poeme d' amour, do.; Chanson de
enlarged. Theatre Lyrique, May 15, 187G David Rizzio and several other songs. ;
;
L'adoral)le Bel-Boul, one act, Cercle de Fetis, Supplement Riemauu. ;
rUnion Artistique, 1874 Berangere et :\IA TANTE AURORE, on le romau im-

;
Anatole, one act, ib., February, 187G one promptu, opera-comique in three acts, text ;
number for Deroulede's L'Hetman, Odeon,

Feb. 2, 1877 Le roi de Lahore, five acts.
;
Opera, April 27, 1877 Hcrodiade, five acts, ;
Brussels, Theatre de la Monnaie, 1881 ;
Manon Lescaut, three acts, Paris, Opera

Comique, Jan. 19, 1881 Music to Sardou's ;
Theodora, Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin,

1881 Le Old, five acts. Opera, Dec. 1, 1885;
;
Robert de France, unfinished Les Giron- ;
dins, do. Eselarmonde, five acts. Opera

;
Comique, May 15, 1889.

H Cantatas, etc. Mademoiselle de Mont-
:
pensier, 1862 ; David Piizzio, Conservatoire,

18G3 Marie Magdeleiue, sacred drama,
;
three acts, Odeon, April 11, 1873 Eue, ;
mystery in three parts, Societe de I'Har-

monie Sacree, March 18, 1875 La Vierge, ;
sacred legend in four scenes, not performed ;

Jean Blaise Martin.
Narcisse, antique idyl, Feb. 14, 1878.
m Orchestral : 1st suite for orchestra,
represented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris,
by Longchamps, music by Boieldieu, first
op. 13; Scenes hongroises, 2d do.; Over-

ture, entr'acte, and melodramatic music for Jan. 13, 1803. Tante Aurore is a romantic
Les Erynuies, 3d do.; Sci^nes iîttoresques, old maid who will not allow her niece to
4th do.; ScHnes dramatiques, after Shake- marry any but a hero proved by a thousand
535
MATIIIAS
adventures. Martiu won a triauiph iu the tered the royal chapel in 1684 as a tenor
part of Froutiu.The other characters were singer, and was afterwards ajjpointed mai-
sung by Gavaudan, Mine Saiut-Aubin, and tre de musique to the chUdren of France.
Mme title-role. Works
Gouthier, the last iu the Phik'mon et Baucis, given at Ch;"i- :
This which followed the Calife, tenay, 1703 Le prince de Catay, divertis-
opera, ;
showed a marked advance iu style and sement, ib., 1704 La tai-antole, comedie- ;
placed Boieldieu among the first composers ballet, ib., 1705 Avion, lyric tragedy, Paris, ;
of France. Its renown occasioned several Academie Royale de Musique, 1714. Fc-
imitations. It was first performed iu Ber- tis do.. Supplement, ii. 23. ;
lin, April 1, 1807.Pougin, Boieldieu, 67 ;

]\LaTLDA DI CIABRANO, ossia Cor-
Allrjem. mus. Zeitg., ix. 414. rado cuor di ferro, Italian opera semi-
MATHIAS, GEORGES (AM^DEE seria, in two acts, text by Ferretti, music
SAINT-CLAIK), born in Paris, Oct. 14, by Rossini, first represented at the Teatro
182G, still li^-ing, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Apollo, Rome, Feb. 25, 1821, with great
Chopin and Kalkbrenner, and iu comjjosi- success. The cast iucluded Mme Catteriua
tion of Savard, Bazin, Halcvy, and Barbe- Lipariui, Mme Aunetta Parlamagui, Sig.
reau at the Conservatoire became jsrofessor Fusconi, Fioravante, Moncada, Ambrosi,
;
of pianoforte there in 1862. L. of Honour, and Parlamagui. After the first represen-
1872. Works Symphonj' for orchestra, o]). tation Rossini's followers and the partisans
:
22 Overtures to Hamlet, ojd. 23, and to of the old school disputed and fought near
;
Mazeppa, oj). 55 ; 2 concertos for piauoforte, the Paganini conducted the or-
theatre.
op. 21 and 56 6 trios for do. and strings 5
; ; chestra for the first three performances. It
morceaux symphouiques for do.; Sonatas, is the only one of Rossini's operas in which
etudes, and other pianoforte music for 2 and the chief woman's part is written for a high

4 hands. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 185 Men- ; soj)rauo. Corradino, a military chieftain.
del, Ergiinz., 265 Riemann, 559. ; Las an aversion to women and forbids them
]\IATHIEU, EMILE, born at Lille, Oct. to enter his castle. Matilda, the orjjhan
16, 1844, died in Paris, August, 188:1 Dra- daughter of a belovetl fellow-officer, gains
matic composer, pupil at the Conservatoire, admission and softens his heart. It was
Brussels, of Dupont on the pianoforte and first represented in London at the King's
of Fetis in couutei-poiut won the first prize Theatre, July 3, 1823
; in Pai-is, Oct. 15, ;
for harmony in 1861 and for pianoforte in 1829; revived in Loudon, April 18, 1854;
1863, and settled at LouTain, where he be- and sung in New York, Feb. 10, 1857. Mnio
came professor at the Academy and di- Bosio achieved great success iu this opera.
rector of the Music Societj'. Still comjaet- Clement et Larousse, 441 Edwards, Ros- ;
ing at that period for the prix de Rome, sini, 225 Escudier, Rossini, 156
; Ebers, ;
he won the second prize in 1869 and Seven Years of the King's Theatre, 193 ;
1871, and lacked only one vote for the Berliner mus. Zeitg., vii. 197 Athenseum ;
first in 1873, when he removed to Brus- (1854), 499 Harmouicon (1823), 115. ;
sels.
"Works Operas L'cehange, given at MATIN, LE, symphony iu D, by Ha.ydu,
:
Liege, 1863 Georges Dandiu, Brussels, composed iu Eiseustadt about 1761. Pub-
;
1876 La Bernoise, ib., 1880. Les fumeurs lished by Breitkopf & Hilrtel (Leipsic,
;
de Kifr, ballet, ib., 1876 Torquato Tasso's 1766). Pohl, Haydn, i. 229, 284 ii. 261.
; ;
dood, Flemish cantata; Songs. Fctis, Suj)-

JIATKDIONIO PER RAGGIRO, IL (Le
plument, ii. 186. mariage par ruse), Italian ojêra bufifa, by
MATHO, JEAN B.iPTISTE, born in a Cimarosa, first rejiresented in Rome, in
village of Brittany iu 1660, died at Ver- 1779. Published by Simrock (Bonn). Same
sailles in 1746. Dramatic composer; entitle, Italian opera by Picciuni, Genoa, 1793.
536
MATEIMONIO
MATRIMONIO SEGEETO, IL (The Se- dalma, pardons all. The success of the
cret Blarriage), Italian opera iu two jNIatrimouio segreto was extraordinary, and
l)uft'a
acts, text by Bertatti, music by Ciiuarosa, the Emperor Leopold, who was present at
first represented in Vienna in 1792. The its second performance, gave the singers a
hbretto is founded on the Freucli operetta, banquet at its close, after which he had the
"Sophie, ou le mariage cache" (adapted entire opera repeated. The opera was tir.st
from Garrick and Coleman's "Clandestine given in Paris, May 10, 1801, and at the
Maniage "), test by Mme Riccoboni, music King's Theatre, London, Jan. 25, 1803, and
by Kohault, first represented at the Italians, again in 1829, when Mme Malibran sans:
Paris, June 4, 17(J8. Gerouinio, a rich the part of Fidalma, which became one of
her favourite roles. This work was given
simultaneously at Covent Garden and at
Her Majesty's, June 1-1, 1819, with the fol-
lowing casts Covent Garden : Carolina, :
Mme Persiani ; Elisetta, Mme Grisi ; Fi-

dalma, Mlled' Angri ; Paolino, Signor Mario ;
Robinson, Signor Tamburini Geronimo, ;
Signor Ronconi. Her INIajesty's Carolina, :
Mile Parodi ; Elisetta, Mme Giuliani ; Fi-

dalma, Mile Alboni ; Paolino, Signor Calzo-
lari ; Robinson, Signor F. Lablache Gero- ;
nimo, Signor Lablache. Adelaide Kemble

(Mrs. Sartoris) and Mme Vestris achieved
great success iu this opera. It was revived
at the Lyceum, London, in February, 1871 ;
and Covent Garden, with a new transla-

at
tion by W. Grist, Dec. 13, 1877. It was
first given in New York, Jan.
i, 1831, with
Ravaglia, De
Bordogni, Margozzi,
Rosa,
and Clementina Fanti. This opera was re-
vived in Vienna, as Die heimliche Ehe, with
recitatives by J. N. Fuchs, March 1.5, 1881.
Arrangement for the pianoforte, piublished
by Simrock (Bonn) by Peters (Leipsic, be- ;
Maria Felicita Malibran.

tween 18G8-73). Clement et Larousse,
413 Fetis, ii. 301 Edwards, Hist. Opera,
; ;
merchant, has a clerk, Paolino, wlio has se- ii. 96 Hogarth, ii. 167
; Berliner mus. ;
cretly married Carolina, the merchant's Zeitg., vii. 199 Athenteum (1829), 161;
;
youngest daughter. Conte Robinson, who (1849), 651 (1871), i. 215. ;
has come to ask the hand of Elisetta, the MATROSE, DER (The Sailor), overture
elder daughter, likes Carolina best and pro- and song for the play of, by Spohr, first
poses to relinquish half the dowry if he performed in Cassel, Dec. 21, 1838. Pub-
may marry her. The situation is further lished without opus number, by Schott
complicated by the love of Fidalma, aunt (Mainz). The song, with accompaniment
of the girls, for Paolino. Paolino and Caro- for the pianoforte for four hands arranged
lina finally are forced to declare their mar- by Spohr, was published by Paul (Dresden).
riage, Robinson returns to Elisetta, and
Spohr, Autobiographj', ii. 213 Allgem. ;
Geronimo, through the intercession of Fi- mus. Zeitg., xli. 140.
537
:
: :
MATTEL
JLITTEI,Abbate STANISLAO, born Maria diGand, a lyric drama, London, 1877 ;
illBologna, Feb. 10, 1750, died there. May The Grand Duke, comic opera, ib., 1888 ;
17, 1825. Pupil of Pudre Martini, wliose Le tourbillon, a waltz, and about 50 other
confessor be became, after taking holy or- compositions for pianoforte ; Some Italian
ders he cared for Lim teuderlv during bis
; melodies, and English songs. Fetis,
Sup-
last years, and received bis books and l)lement, ii. 187 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 267.
papers, but never ventured to continue his MATTEIS, NICOLA, Italian violinist of
uufiuished History of Music. From 1770 the 17th century went to Euglaud about
;
he was Martini's deputy, and succeeded him 1G72. He is spoken of in the highest terms
as maestro di cappella of San Francesco. in Evelyn's Diary. He prosjjered exceed-
When the monasteries wore suppressed, in and lived so luxuriously that ho
ingly
1798, he began to teach composition later brought on diseases that ended his life.
;
he was appointed maestro di cappella of Works Arie, Pi-eludij, Alemande, Sara-

:
San Petronio and from the foundation of

; baude, etc., per il violino. Libro Primo ;
the Liceo, in ISOi, he was its pi'ofessor of Altre Arie. Libro Secondo Ayrcs for the ;
counterpoint. Among his pupils were Ros- Violin. The Third and Fourth IJooks Ode ;
sini, Donizetti, Morlacchi, Palmerini, Corti- on St. Cecilia's Day iu 1G9G a song in the ;
ceUi, and Pilotti. He was thoroughly famil- collection, 12 New Songs (1699). He was
iar with the traditions of the Italian school author also of The False Consonances of
method of instruc- Musick, or, Instructions for playing a true
of composition, but his
tion was wanting in clearness. Works Base upon the Guitarre, etc. His son Ni-
Pratiea d' accompagnamento sopra bassi cola (died, 1749) was also a good violinist,
numerati (Bologna, 1825-30, 3 parts) II lived for a long time in Vienna, afterwards
;
Librajo, intermezzo, and a Passion Oratorio, at Shrewsbury, where Buruey was his jju-
;
both lost Masses, graduals, psalms, hymns, pil. Grove Burney, Hist., iii. 513 North, ; ;
motets, offertories, and other music in Memoirs of Musick, 122 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
267 Fotis, vi. 27 Gerber, iii. ; ;
358 Schilling, iv. 596. ;
MATTHxVY, TOBIAS A., born

at Clapham (Loudon), Feb. 19,
1858, still living, 1889. Pianist,
pupil of Dorrell and W. Macfar-
manuscript, mostly in the libraries of San ren, and in composition of Sterndale Bennett,
Giorgio and the Minorite Convent of Bo- Sullivan, and Prout, at the Royal Academy
logna.
Canuti, Vita di Stauislao Jlattei of Music, where he afterwards served as sub-
(Bologna, 1829) Supplement, professor of harmony and pianoforte, and
; Fctis ; do..
ii. 187 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 2GG
Schilling in 1880 was placed on the staff as assistant
; ;
Osservazioni sulla vita di Stauislao ]\[attei professor, iu 1885 as full jjrofessor. Works
scritta dall' avvocato Filippo Canuti (Reg- 4 concert overtures, and other works for or-
gie, 1830). chesti'a Concert piece for pianoforte, with
;
MATTEI, TITO, born in Campobasso, orchestra Scena for contralto, do. A ; ;
May 24, 1841, still living, 1889. Pianist, Pamphlet, for violin and pianoforte Other ;
pupil of Thalberg, Raimoudi, Parisi, Conti, chamber music, and many pianoforte pieces ;
and Ruta in Na23les appeared in Paris in Part-songs, and songs.

;
1853, then iu London made successful pro- ; JIATTHESON, JOHANN, born in Ham-
fessional tours in Germany, France, and burg, Sept. 28, 1681, died there, April 17,
Italy ; settled in London, where he is now 1764. Dramatic and church composer, and
conductor at Her Majesty's Theatre. Works distinguished ^^riter on music plaj'ed the ;
638

MATTIIISON-IIANSEK
organ and the harpsiolionl, sang and com- sacri concertati (Venice, 164G) ; Salmi a otto
posed,wbeu only nine years old pupil of voci (ib., 1G41). Fetis. ;

Bruum tiller, Prii- MAUPtER, LUDWIG WILHELM, born
torius, and Kell- at Potsdam, Aug. 8, 1789, died in St, Peters-
ner. Sang in op- burg, Oct. 25, 1878. Virtuoso on the vio-
era in bis native lin, pupil of Haak
played publicly at the
;
town in 1G90- age of thirteen in Berlin, and was attached

1705, acting also to the royal orchestra. On its dissolution
as composer, di- after the battle of Jena, in 180G, he set out
rector, and ac- on a concert tour to Russia ; at Riga he
companist was a ;
made the acquaintance of Rode and Baillot,
friend of Handel, and was much influenced especially by the
during the latter's sojourn in Hamburg ;
former's advice. His concerts at St. Peters-
became tutor to tlie sou of the English en- burg rapidly extended his reputation. In
voy in 170J:, and secretary of legation in Moscow he obtained through Baillot's in-
170G was canon and cantor of the cathe-
;
fluence the place of Kapellmeister to Chan-
dral from 1715 till 1728, when deafness cellor Wsowologsky, and followed him to
obliged him to resign ; was appointed court the confines of Siberia when the French in-
Kapellmeister by the Duke of Holstein in vaded Russia. After visiting Berlin and
1719.
Works Operas Die Plejaden, given : Paris, in 1818, ho became Conzertmeister at
in Hamburg, 1G09 Porsenna, Victor (with ; Hanover, returned to St. Petersburg in
others), DerTod desgrosseu Pan, ib., 1702 ; 1832, aud after another tour, in 1845,
Cleopatra, ib., 1704 Le retour de I'age d'or, ; settled in Dresden. Later he returned to
Brunswick, 1705 Boris, Hamburg, 1710 ; ;
Russia. Works Oj)eras : Alonzo, Der
Henrico IV., re diCastiglia, Pro- entdeckte Diebstahl, Der neue Paris, of
ib., 1711 ;
logo per il re Lodovico XV., 1715 24 ora- which only the overtures have been pub- ;
torios Sonatas for flute and violin Epi- lished. Symphonic concertante for four
; ;
cedium, funeral music for Charles XII. of violins with orchestra, op. 55 do. for two ;
Sweden INIass, and other church music. violins, with do., op. 5G
; Variations, for ;
He was author also of many didactic and po- do., op. 30 8 concertos, 2 concertinos, 2 ;
lemic writings, biographical articles and no- fantaisies, 10 airs varies, for violin and or-
tices, and a Life of Handel (17G1). Allgem. chestra Airs varies, with quartet Quar- ; ;
d. Biogr., XX. G21 Mattheson, Ehrenpforte, tets for string.?, op. 17, 28 Duos concer-
; ;
187 ; Piiehl, SIus. Charakterk.ipfe, i. 37 ;

tants for violins, op. Gl ; German songs,
Saminl. mus. Vortriige, i. 213 ; Fetis ; Schil- with pianoforte. Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 707 ;
ling. Fetis ; Riemaun ; Schilling ; Wasielewski,

MATTHISON-HANSEN. See ITansen. Die Violine, 317.
MATTIOLI, Padre ANDREA, born at MAURERFREUDE, DIE, short cantata
Faenza about 1G17, died at Mantua after for tenor with final chorus, by Mozart, com-
1G71. Dramatic and church compo.ser was posed April 20, and first sung at the Free Ma- ;
choirmaster in the Cathedral of Imola, and sons' Lodge, Vienna, April 24, 1785. Allegro,
afterwards became canon and maestro di Andante, Presto, IMol to Allegro. Published
cappella to the Duke of Mantua. Works first in Vienna. Breitkojjf & Hiirtel, Mozart
Operas: L' esilio d' amore, Ferrara, 1G50 Werke, Serie 4, No. 2 (Leipsic, 1882). Jahn, ;
II ratto di Cefalo, ib., 1651 Didone, Bo- Mozart, iii. 411 Kijchel, Verzeichniss, No.
; ;
logna, 1G5G Perseo, Venice, 1GG5

; Gli 471 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 27G. ; ;
sforzi del desiderio, Ferrara, IGGG La MAURERISCHE TRAUERilUSIK (Jla- ;
palma d' amore, cantata, ib., IGGG Inni sonic Funeral Music), for orchestra, on the ;
530
; ;
MAXANT
death of tbo brothers Mecklenburg and symphonique, do., op. 89 ; Grand rondo
Eszterhazy, by Mozart, op. 114, composed in brillant, do., op. 28 ; 3 Allegro de concert,
Vienna in Jul}', 1785. It is a beautiful do. ; Grandes varia-
composition, an Adagio movement, based on tions, do. ; Fantasias
a cantus firmus. The autograjih is owned Variations Etudes ; ;
by Julius Andre, of Frankfort, its first pub- Nocturnes Caprices, ;
lisher. Breitkopf & Hi'irtel, Mozart Werke, etc. Allgem. d. Bi-

Serie 10, No. 12 (Leii)sic, 1881). KOcliel, ogr., xxi. 88 ; Men-
Verzeichniss, No. 477 ; Jahu, Mozart, iii. del ; P 61 i s ; Rie-
416 Gehring, Mozart, 106
; ; Hanslick, Cou- mann ; Schilling;
certwesen in Wieu, ii. 204. "W o i t z manu , Ge-
MAXANT, JOHANN NEPOMUK AL- schiehte des Clavier-
BERT, born at Divicz, Bohemia, :\Iarch 22, spiels, 93.
1750, died at Friedberg, Dee. 19, 1838. JLAY QUEEN, THE, pastoral cantata,
ib..
Organist and church composer, pupil of text by Chorley, music by William Stern-
Rokos served as organist in several monas- dale Bennett, op. 39, first performed at the
;
teries of Upiser and Nether Austria, and in Leeds (England) Festival, Sept. 8, 1858.
177G became choirmaster at Friedberg, Characters represented The May Queen :
near Hohenfurt. Among his pupils there (S.), Mine Novello The Queen (A.), Miss ;
was Simon Sechter. Works: Mass for the Lascelles The Lover (T.), Mr. Sims ;
Academicians at Linz 18 other masses ; Reeves Robin Hood (B.), Mr. Weiss. The
; ;
(J motets C Requiems 42 arias Preludes overture had been previously performed

; ; ;
and other music for organ Sonatas and va- under the title of Marie du Bois. The can-
;
riations for pianoforte.

Dlabacz ; Gassner tata was first sung in Loudon in 1859 in ;
Mendel Wurzbach. ; New York, Nov. 29, 18G4. It was repre-

JIAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE, over- sented with scenery at the Crystal Palace,
ture for orchestra, to the tragedy of the London, Oct. 18, 1883.Athenreum (1858),
same by R. Gricpenkerl, by Henry 11; (1859), 338; (1871), ii. 504; Upton,
title
Charles Litolff, op. 55. It was given by the Standard Cantatas, 64.
New York Philharmonic Society iu the sea^ MAYR (Mayer), (JOHANN) SIMON,
sou of 1850-51. Published by Meyer born at Mendorf, Bavai'ia, June 14, 1763,
(Brunswick, 1851). died at Bergamo, Dec. 2, 1845. Dramatic
MAY DAY, cantata, music by George composer, son and jjupil of a village organ-
Alexander MacfaiTen, first performed at the ist, he took up music again after complet-
Bradford (England) Festival, Sept. 4, 185G. ing his education at the Jesuit Seminary
Sung in Loudon by the New Musical So- and the University of Ingolstadt. His pat-
cietj-, Jan. 26, 1859.
Athenseum (185G), ron. Baron Thomas de Bessus, took him
1122 (1850), i. 157.
;
to Switzerland and thence to Bergamo,
IMAYER, CHARLES, born at KOnigs- where he i-eceived insufficient instruction
berg, March 21, 1799, died in Dresden, July from Carlo Lenzi. Another patron. Count
2, 1862. Pianist, pupil of Field in St. Pe- Pesenti, sent him to Venice to study under
tersburg accompanied his father to Paris Bertoni, and on this patron's death he was
;
on a concert tour iu 1814 lived in St. Pe- advised by Piccinni to write operas, in
;
tersburg as teacher in 1819-50, forming as which he was so successful that he pro-

many as eight hundred pupils travelled in duced more than seventy in 1794-1814.
;
1845 in Austria, Sweden, and Germany He was appointed maestro di cappella of ;
settled at Dresden in 1850. Works Grand S. M. Maggiore in Bergamo in 1802, and di-
:
concerto, with orchestra, op. 70 Concerto rector of the musical institute of Bergamo,
;
640
;
MAYRBEllGER
at its fouuclation in 1805. He was so at- Atar, 1814 ; Cori, 1815 ; Elena e Costan-
tached to Bergamo that lie refused the tino, 1816 Mennone e Zemira, 1817 La-
; ;
most flattering iovitations to leavebut nassa, it, 1818 Le Danaidi, 1819 Inno a Pal-
; ;
made a visit to Bavaria in 1838. lu Ber- lade, 1820 Alfredo il Grande, 1821 Fedra, ; ;
gamo be founded two cbaritable institu- 1822 Demetrio, 1824. Oratorios Jacob ; :
tions, tbe Scuola Caritatevole di Musica and a Labano fugiens, Venice, 1791 Sisara, ib., ;
tbe Pio Istituto Musicale. For some years 1793 Tobiffi matrimonium, ib., 1794 ; ;
before bis death he was blind. A monu- Davido, ib., 1795 La Passione, Forli, 1794 ; ;
ment was erected to him in 1852 in Berga- n sacriflzio di Jefte, ib., 1795 Samuele, ;
mo, and in 1875 his remains and those of Bergamo, 1821 San Luigi Gonzaga, ib., ;
bis pupil Donizetti were removed to S. 1822 Atalia, Naples, 1822. 17 solemn ;
M. Maggiore there. Though a German masses, with orchestra 4 Requiems 25 ; ;
by birth, he was tborouglily Italian as a psalms Vespers with orchestra All the ; ;
composer, and his works are the type of psabns, for 4-5 voices, with organ Stabat ;
the dramatic eomjaositions of his time. His Mater G Miserere 3 Benedictus Several ; ; ;
operas were performed in tbe jJi'iucijsal cantatas for special occasions ; About 12
cities of Italy. He is said to have intro- cantatas for voices only ; Some instrumen-
duced the crescendo Musical treatises Biographical
of the orchestra, often tal music ; ;
attributed to Rossini. Works- ÔiJeras

Haydn and Antonio Capuzzi. : notices of
Safib, ossia I riti d' Apollo Leucadio, 1794 Allgem. d. Biogr., xxi. 146 Allgem. mus. ;
;
Lodoiska, 179G Un pazzo ne fa cento, Zeitg., xlviii. 113 Fotis do.. Supplement,
; ; ;
Telemacco, H segreto, L' intrigo delle let- ii. 189 Per il settantesimo ottavo natalizio ;
tere, 1797 Avviso ai maritati, Lauso e del celebre maestro Gio. Simone Mayr
;
Lidia, Adriano in Siria, Che origiuali, 1798 (Bergamo, 1841) Donizetti Mayr, notizie e ;
;
L' amor ingegnoso, L' ubbidienza per astu- documenti (ib., 1875) Finazzi, II maestro ;
zia,Adelaide di Guesclino, L' avaro, Sabino Giovanni Simone Mayr, orazione (ib., 1875) ;
c Carlotta, L' accademia di musica, 1799 Mendel; Schilling Harmonicon (1826), 133. ; ;
Lodoiska (with new music), Gli Sciti, La MAYRBERGER, KARL, born in Vienna,
locaudiera, II carretto del venditor d' aceto, June 9, 1828, died at Presburg, Sept. 23,
L' equivoco, L' imbroglione ed il castiga- 1881. Dramatic composer, pupil of Preyer ;
niatti, Ginevra di Scozia, Le due

1800 ;
became professor at a government institu-
giornate, I virtuosi, Argene, 1801 I misteri ; tion, and in 1SG4 Kapellmeister of the ca-
Eleusini, 1802 Ercole in Lidia, I finti

; thedral at Presburg. Works : Blelusina,
rivali, Alfonso e Cora, 1803 Amor non ha ; opera, given at Presburg, 1876 ; Die Ent-
ritegno, Elisa, L' eroe delle Indie, 1804 ;
fiibrung der Priuzessin Europa, burlesque
Eraldo ed Emma, Di locanda in locanda, opera, 18G8 Music to Oeblschlager's drama
;
L' amor conjugale. Choruses for male voices, and songs.

La roccia di Frauenstein, Yrsa ;
1805 Gli Americani, Ifigenia in Aulide, 11

; Fetis, Supplement, ii. 191 Riemann. ;
picciol compositore di musica, 180G Adela- MAYSEDER, JOSEPH, born in Vienna, ;
sia ed Aleramo, Le due giornate (with new Oct. 26, 1789, died there, Nov. 21, 1863.
music) Ne 1' un ne 1' altro. Belle ciarle e Virtuoso on tbe violin, pupil of Sucbe and
;
tristi fatti, 1807 ; I Cherusci, II vero origi- Wrauitzky, and influenced by Schuppan-
nal, 1808 ; n ritorno d' Ulisse, 1809 ; II zigb, in whose quartets he played second
Kaoul di Crequi, Amore non softre opposi- violin. He gave bis first concerts in 1800,
zione, 1810 Ifigenia in Aulide (with new mu- and studied pianoforte
;
and composition
sic), II disertore, ossia I'amore filiale, 1811 under Emanuel Forster in 1802 became ;
Jifedea in Corinto, 1813 Tamerlano, 1813 solo violin in tbe court

; ;
theatres in 1810,
Le due ducbesse, Rosa bianca e rosa rossa, and in tlie court orchestra in 1816, im-
541
;
MAZAS
perial chamber virtuoso in 1835, aud for MAZEPPA, symphonic poem for orches-
many years played in minor, by Liszt, op. 4, No. 6, first
St. Stephen's Cathe- tra, in D
dral. In 1811 he received the large gold performed at the Hoftheater, Weimar, in
Salvator medal from the municipality of April, 1854. It was composed in Paris, be-
Vienna, in 1817 the fi-eedom of the city, and tween 1830 and 1835, and appeared first in
in 1862 the Order of Franz Joseph. He the twelve etudes for the pianoforte, No.
was a virtuoso of the highest rank and had 4, and orchestrated in 1850. The subject
man}- puijils. Works : 3 violin concertos, is taken from Victor Hugo's poem of the
2 concertinos, 6 polonaises, 4 rondos, 20 same title. Allegro agitato Andante ;
books of variations, 7 string quartets, 3 Allegro marziale, in which an original Cos-

quintets, i pianoforte trios, 3 sonatas, 3 di- sack rhythm is introduced. First performed
vertissements, 1 fantasia for j)ianoforte and in Leijjsie, Feb. 26, 1857 in London, at ;
violin, 1 trio for violin, harp, and horn, 2 the Crystal Palace, Dec. 8, 1876 by the ;
pot-pourris, 1 book of violin studies, and 3 Philharmonic Society of New York in the
duets for two violins ; and, impublished, a season of 1865-66. Published by Breitkopf
concert overtiu'e, a quartet, 2 quintets, and & Hartel (Leipsic, 1856). Arranged for the
a mass. Allgem. d. Biogr., xxi. 149 ; Re- pianoforte for four hands by L. Stark,
censionen und Mittheilungen iiber Theater, Breitkopf & Hartel (Leipsic, 1884). Pohl,
etc. (Vienna, 1861), vii. No 50 ; (1863), is. Liszt, 79, 397 Ramanu, Liszt, 463 ; ;
801; Wurzbach, xvii. 195; Ft'tis ; Schil- Grove, ii. 147 Neue Zeitschr., xlvi. 101
; ;
ling ; Wasielewski, Die Violiue, 314 ; Hart, (1881), 105 Athenteum (1876), ii. 808
;
;
The Violin, 414; Dubourg, The Violin, Upton, Standard Symphonies, 287.
247. UAZZ\, GIUSEPPE, born at Parma in
MAZAS, JACQUES FKREOL, born iu 1806, died at Trieste, June 20, 1885. Dra-
Bczicrs, Sept. 23, 1782, died in 1849. Vir- matic composer. Works : Amor la vince,
tuoso ou the violin, pupil of Baillot at the Lucca, 1826 La vigilanza delusa, Turin, ;
Paris Conservatoire in 1802-5 won the first 1827 Monteuciel, Florence, 1827 L' al-
; ; ;
])rize in 1805, appeared iu concerts at the

bergo incantato, opera btifta, Florence,
Oduon, and was a member of the orchestra 1828 ; Elena e Malvino, Rome, 1835 La ;
at the Italian Opera. He travelled in Spain, dama irlandese, Naples, 1836 Catterina di ;
England, Belgium, Italy, Germany, and Guisa, Treviso, 1838 L'orfanelladiLanissa, ;
Russia iu 1811-29 was in Paris iu 1829- Milan, 1838 Leocadia, Zara, 1844 Mon-
; ; ;
31, part of the time as first violin at the sieur Deschalumeaux, Naples La prova ;
Palais Royal was later teacher and music d' un opera seria La sacerdotessa d' Iside,
; ;
director at Orleans, and in 1837 became di- Milan La sciocca per astuzia, Trieste II ; ;
rector of the music school at Cambrai, but voto di Jefto, ib. Chiaradi Chaleucy. Fe- ;
resigned in 1841, and after that seems to tis.
have lived in retirement. Works Operas
]\L\ZZINGHI, JOSEPH, born in London :
Corinne au Capitole Le kiosque Musta- in 1765, died at Bath, Jan. 15, 1844. Pu-
; ;
jsha. Concerto Fantaisies, etc., for violin, pil of Johann Christian Bach, Bertolini, Sac-
;
with orchestra Quartets, trios, and duets chini, and Anfossi became organist of the
; ;
for strings Method for violin do. for viola. Portuguese Chapel in 1775
; ; was composer ;
Ft'tis Riemann Mendel, vii. 103 do., and director at the King's Theatre in 1784.
; ; ;
Ergiinz., 269 Larousse, x. 1389 Wasielew- He was a popular teacher of the pianoforte
; ;
ski, Die Violine, 377. and was the music-master of the Princess
MAZEPPA, overture, by Georges Mathias, of Wales, afterwards Queen Caroline. He
first ijerformed at the Chatelet concerts, became a Count about 1830. Works Op-
Paris, Nov. 12, 1876. eras H tesoro La belle Ai'scnc A Day : ; ;
542
MAZZOCCIII
ill Turkey, 1791 Tlio Magician no Con- ;
Fano, and other places in the Marches of An-
juror, 1792 llamah Drooy, 1793 ;
The ;
cona. In 1744 he went to Spain, composed
Turnpike Gate, 1799 Paul and Virginia, ;
operas for the theatres at Madrid and Lis-
1800 The Blind Girl, 1801 Chains of
; ;
bon, and after his return to Italy in 1752
for those at Parma and Naples.
the Heart, 1802 (the last five with Reeve) lu 1757 ;
The Wife ofThe Ex- he was elected president of the Accademia

Two Husbands, 1803 ;
ile, 1808 The Free Knights, 1810. About Filarmonica, in 1758 called to St. Peters-
;
70 sonatas The Wreath, and other glees

;
burg, whence he went to Sweden and Den- ;
Songs Mass G hymns Much pianoforte mark, returning to Bologna in 17G1, when
; ; ;
music 3 quartets Symphonie coneertaute he was appointed maestro di cappella at S.

; ;
for violins, flute, viola, Music for Giovanni

and bass ;
in Monte, and iu 17G7 at the
wind instruments ;
Tyro-Musicus, being a cathedral (S. Pietro). In 1773 he was
complete introduction to the pianoforte, elected president of the Accademia for the
Grove Mendel, Ergiinz., 2G9
;
Fetis fourth time. Works Operas Le astuzie ; ;
:
Biugley, Mus. Biog., ii. 256. amorose, opera buffa, Modena, 1754 I ;
MAZZOCCHI, DOMENICO, bom at viaggiatori ridicoli, do., Parma, 1756 Ifi- ;
Civita Castellaua, end of the IGtli century. genia iu Tauride, Treviso, 1756 ; Achille iu
He was doctor of and passed most Sciro, Naples, 1756.

civil law, Mass for 8 voices ;
of his life in Home. He was the first to use Magnificat for do. Laudati pueri, for a ;
the signs for crescendo and diminuendo. voice, with orchestra. A number of his
Works Oratorios : Le catena d' Adoue compositions are in the Liceo at Bologna.
(Venice, 162G) ; II martirio de' Santi Abun- Fetis.
dio prete, Abbundanzio diacono, Marziano MAZZUCATO, ALBERTO, born at
e Giovanni suo figliuolo (Rome, 1G31). Mad- Udine, Friuli, July 28, 1813, died in Milan,
rigals (ib., 1G25) Motets (ib., 1628) Mad- Dec. 31, 1877. Dramatic composer, pupil
; ;
rigals (ib., 1638) Madrigals (ib., 1640) of Bresciani

;
became instructor of singing ; ;
Tutti li versi latini del Sommo Poutefice at the Milan Conservatorio in 1839, of com-
Urbano Vm. (ib., 1G38). Buruey, Hist., iii. position iu 1851 was appointed lecturer ;
529 Fetis Mendel Scliilling Gerber.

; ;
on esthetics and history of music in 1852,
; ;
MAZZOLANI, ANTONIO, born at Ruina, and succeeded Lauro Rossi as director in

Ferrara, Dec. 26, 1819, still living, 1889. 1872. He was director of the Scala in
Dramatic composer, pupil at Ferrara of 1854-55, and maestro concertatore in 1859-
Padre Francesco Zagagnoni, afterwards of 69 ; edited for several years the Gazzetta mu-
Filippo Ferrari having returned to liis ;
sicale di Milano, and the Giornale delta So-
native town, be settled five years later at ciefa del Quartetto. Works Operas La :
Ferrara to teach music, and founded a fidanzata diLammermoor, Padua, 1834 Don ;
choral society, for which he composed many Chisciotto, Milan, 1836 Esmeralda, Man- ;
cantatas and choruses went soon after to ;

tua, 1838 ; I corsari, Milan, 1840 ; I due
Iiucca, but returned to Ferrara in 1853. sergenti, ib., 1841 ; Luigi V., ib., 1843 ;
Er-
Works : II tradimeuto, given at Lucca, naui, Genoa, 1843. Roma, a hymn Mass ; ;
1852 ; Gismonda, Ferrara, 1853 ;

Eurico di Vespers Songs. He was author also of arti-
;
Charlis, ovvero il ritorno dalla Russia, ib., cles on music, and many translations of mu-
187G. Ft'tis, Supplement, ii. 192. sical works. Fetis
do.. Supplement, ii. ;
3\L1ZZ0NI, Bologna 193 Riemanu Mendel, Ergiinz., 269.

ANTONIO, born at ; ;
in 1718, died there (?) after 1773. Dra- MEDEA, overture for orchestra by Wol-
matic and church composer, pupil of Pre- demar Bargiel, op. 22, first performed iu
dieri, and while still quite young acted as Leipsic in 1861. It is one of Bargiel's best
maestro di cajspella in several churches at compositions and is frequently played. It

:
MEDEA
was first given by the New York Philhar- Medea Mme Pasta.
monic Society in the season of 18G4:-65. Giasoue Signor Curioni.
PubHshed by Leuckart (Breslau, 1862). Creusa Mme Caradori-Allan.
Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 423 ;

Egeo Signor Torri.
Deutsche mus. Zeitg. (1862), 147 Allgem. ; Creonte Signor Porto.
mus. Zeitg. (1864), 463. Giasone, returning victorious to Corinth,
MEDEA, melodrama, text by Gotter, and shocked by Medea's crimes, deserts her
music by Georg Beuda, represented in for Creusa, daughter of Creonte, King of
1778. It was given in Stettin in Septem- Corinth. Egeo, King of Athens, the slight-
ber, 1806, with JIme Meyer as Medea, and ed lover of Creusa, comes to Corinth and,
in Berlin, Dec. 13, 1807. Published by
discovering that his rival is Giasone, cou-

Schwickert (Leipsic). Allgem. mus. Zeitg., As Gaisone
spii'es with Medea for revenge.
ix. 13.
and Creusa are about to perform the nup-
IMEDEA, Italian opera in three acts, text tial rites, Medea sets fire to the altar, and
by Castiglia, music by Pacini, first repre- Creusa is seized by Egeo's soldiers, but is
sented in Palermo, Nov. 28, 1843. Mus. rescued, and Egeo is imprisoned. In the
Wochenblatt (1881), 45 Eiemann, Operu- ;
Medea is seen at her incantation
second act
Handbuch, 241.
and Creusa and Giasone renew
in a cavern,
IMEDEA, scena for soprano, 1)y Alberto
Creusa and Giasone
their vows in a bower.
Randegger, sung by Mme Rudersdorff at
are married, but Creusa soon dies of a poi-
the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, 1869.
soned robe sent by !Medea. Medea, about
INIEDEA IN CORINTO, Italian opera in to be dragged to prison, stabs her two chil-
two acts, text by Rosetti, music by Simon dren, and makes her exit in a car drawn
by dragons across a stage enveloped in
flames. Mme Pasta won her greatest artis-
tic success in this opera. Published by Ri-
cordi (Milan). Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xvi.
233 ; XXV. 231 ; Chorley, Modern German
Music, 334 Harmonicon (1826), 134,
ii. ;
154; Seven Years of the King's Theatre,

300 Queens of Song, ii. 11.
;
MEDECIN MALGRfi LUI, LE, opc'ra-

eomicjue in three acts, text by Carre and
Barbier, after Molicre's comedy of the same
title, music by Gounod, first represented at
the Theatre Lyrique, Paris, Jan. 15, 1858,
on the anniversary of Molicre'a birth.
Characters represented :
Sganarelle M. Meillet.
^^^Wrr^f! Leandre M. Fromeut.
Lucas M. Girardot.
Pasta, ns Medea.
Martine JIllo Faive.
Jacqueline Mile Girard.
Mayr, first represented at the Teatro San
Cai-lo, Naples, Dec. 1813, with great suc- It was represented at Covent Garden, Lon-
1,
cess. It was given in Paris, Jan. 14, 1823, don, as The Mock Doctor, Feb. 27, 1865.
and at the King's Theatre, London, June 1, The English version, by Charles Lamb Keu-
1826, with this cast ney, was published by Chappell & Co.
Hi
:
MfiDECm
(London, 1865). Same title, opiira-comique Mme Stockl-Heinefetter, Mile Cruvelli,
iu three acts, by Desaugiers, text by his Mme Milder, and Mme SchrOder-Devrient
son, after Moliore, repiresentecl at the Thea- achieved great success in the title-role. It
tre Feydeaii, Paris, Jan. 2G, 1792. Clement was revived Frankfort-on-the-Main in
in
et Larousse, i-iB ; Eevue et Gaz. mus. de 1814, with l\Ille Keuter as Medea was ;
Paris (1858), 17 ; AthenEcum (18G5), i. 25, given in London, at Her Majesty's, in Ital-
319. ian, with recitatives by Arditi, June G, 1SG5,
MEDECIN TURC, LE, oix'ra-bouffon in at Covent Garden, Ajnil 30, 1870, and re-
one act, text by Villiers and Armand vived in Vienna iu November, 1880, with
Gouffo, music by Nicolo Isouard, first rep- Frau Ehnn as Medea and Herr Labatt as
resented at the Opera Coraique, Paris, Nov. Jason. The overture and aii-s arranged for
19, 1803. It is one of NicoLVs best works. the pianoforte by the composer, published
Forlis, captured by the Turks in Constanti- by Imbault (Paris, 1802) by Simrock ;
nople, becomes a slave of the Grand Vizier, (Bonn, 1819) and by Breitkopf & Hilrtel ;
while bis wife, Adele, is confined in the (Leipsic). The overture was first per-
harem of Kalil, the Turkish doctor. Forlis formed by the Philharmonic Society of New
imjjersonates a madman, goes to Kalil to York in the season of 185G-57. Bellasis,
be cured, rescues his wife, and returns to Cherubini, 81; Allgem. muS. Zeitg., ii.
France. The part of Forlis was written for 508, C83, 700 Chorley, Modern German ;
Elleviou, who appeared in the original cast. Music, 223 Le Menestrel (1880-81),
ii. ;
La suite du modecin turc was written by 410 ; Mus. "Wochenblatt (1881), 43 Athe- ;
Arquier, 1811 and an opera- nffium (1870), i. C20.

Marseilles, ;
comique, text by Guillaume Bleynne, mu- MEDITATION RELIGIEUSE. See

sic by Jouret, Brussels and Paris, 1845. Ih-L^fia.
Clement et Larousse, HG. MEERESSTILLE UND GLUCKLICHE

MP^DEE, tragedie-lyrique in three acts, FAHRT (Calm at Sea, and Prosperous Voy-
text by Hoffmann, music by Cherubini, age), for four voices and orchestra, on Goe-
first represented at the Theatre Feydeau, the's poem, by Beethoven, op. 112, first
Paris, March 13, 1797. Original cast performed at the Great Redoutensaal, Vi-
enna, Dec. 25, 1815, the year of its compo-
Medt'e Mme Scio.
sition. It was first given in Leipsic, Jan.
Jason M. Gaveaux.
30, 1823. It is dedicated to Goethe L :
Creon M. Dessaides.
MeeresstiUe H. Gliickliche
(Sostenuto) ;
Subject, the story of the Golden Fleece. Fahrt (iVllegro vivace). It was first jjub-
The overture, in F minor, which is fre- lished by Steiner & Co. (Vienna, 1823) by ;
quently played at concerts, is treated with Haslinger (Vienna) and by Breitkopf & ;
breadth and style, and is full of effective Hilrtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie 21, No.
combinations. The main interest of the 209.Thayer, Verzeichuiss, 127 Notte- ;
opera centres in the character of Medee, bohm, Verzeichuiss, 107 Marx, Beethoven, ;
which is wrought with grandeur and

classic ii. 155 Nohl, Beethoven, ii. 549 iii. G9
; ; ;
portrays a wide range of emotion. Chorley Beethoven's Letters (Lady Wallace), ii. 152 ;
calls the first act " one of the marvels of Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xviii. 78 xxiv. G74 ; ;
music almost in opera what one of Lear's

;
Berliner, mus. Zeitg., i. 391 Grove, ii. 245. ;
great scenes is in tragedy." The part of MEERESSTILLE UND GLUCIiLICHE

Medee is written without mercy for the FAHRT,
concert overture in D, for orches-
voice, and requires great physical energy tra, by Mendelssohn, op. 27, first perform-
as well as dramatic scope. Partly owing to ed in Berlin, Dec. 1, 1832. It was com-
this, the opera has passed from the stage. posed in 1828 and is dedicated to Friedrich
MEERTS
Wilhelm, Crown Prince of Prussia. It was i
chief numbers arc The dance of the peas-
:
afterwards remodelled and published in ants and burghers to the waltz, "Juhe
;
1834 It was first performed by the Phil- Juhe " Faust's aria, " Dai campi, dai
harmonic Societv, London, in Febniaiy, prati ;" Mefistofele's aria, " Son lo spirito;"
183G and by that of New York in the sea- the
; quartet, " Addio, fuggo," closing Act
sou of 1849-50. Published by Breitkopf & in. " Ecco il mondo," sung by Mefistofele ;
Mendelssohn Werke, Serie 2, No. 9. on the Brocken and the duet, "La luna
Hiirtel, ;
Grove, ii. 245 Reissmann, Mendelssohn, immobile," between Helen and Pantalis.
;
G9 Atheuc-eum (183G), 1G3.

; It was first represented iu London at Her
MEEETS, LAMBERT (JOSEPH), born Majesty's, July 6, 1880 in New York, Nov. ;
at Brussels, Jan. G, 1800, died there. May

12, 18G3. Violinist, at first an amateur, he
became a member of the theatre orchestra
at Antwerp when sixteen years old after- ;
wards studied in Paris under Lafout and

Habeneck, receiving also advice fi'oni Bail-
lot. On his return to Brussels he began

to teach, entered the city orchestra in 1828,
became solo violinist in 1832, and pi'ofessor
fit the Conservatoire in 1835. His instruc-
tive compositions are held in great esteem.
Among them arc l-^tudes pour îolon avec
:
accompagnement d'un second violon Me- ;
canisme du violon 12 etudes on double

;
stopping 3 books of I'tudes on the 2d, 4th,

;
Alwina Vaderia.
and Gth position 12 rhythmic i'tudes on
;
motives by Beethoven 3 etudes in fugue 24, 1880 and in Boston, in English, in the
; ;
and staccato etc.- Fi'tis Eiemann.

; same year. Published by Eicordi (Milan).
;
MEFI8T0FELE, Italian opera in four Clement et Larousse, 926 Athenreum ;
acts, with prologue and epilogue, text and (1880), ii. 55 The Academy (1880), ii. 35 ; ;
music by Arrigo Boito, tii'st represented at Signale (1881), 305 New York Musical ;
La Scala, Milan, in March, 1868. The work Review (1880), ii. 175 Upton, Standard ;
was condemned by the Milanese critics, who Operas, 70.

called Boito the "Italian Wagner," but it MEGLIO, YINCENZO DE, born at
was revived in Bologna, Oct. 4, 1875, with Naples, April 9, 1825, stiU Hving, 1889.
Mme Borghi-Mamo and Signori Nannetti Pianist and dramatic composer, pupil of
and Campanini in the cast, with immense Pasquale Mugnone, and of Francesco Lanza
success. Alwina Vallcria has been very suc- on the pianoforte, of Casella in harmony,
cessful in the part of Helen. It is considered and of Mario Aspa in counterpoint then ;
one of the strongest modern Italian operas. studied at the Conservatorio the oboe, and
The libretto is a paraphrase of both p.arts of theory under Parisi and Francesco Ruggi.
Goethe's Faust. The subject is treated from \Yorks Ermelinda, opera, Najjles, Teatro :
a dramatic and picturesque rather than Nuovo, 1848 Giocrisse, farce, ib. Le tre ; ;
a philosophical or mystical point of view. ore di agonia, oratorio ; 5 trios for piano-
The music is a combination of Italian and forte and strings About 200 pianoforte
;
German styles, and the Leitmotiv is fre- pieces Eco di Napoli, a collection of 50
;
quently used in the orchestra, the treats Neapolitan canzoni. Fetis, Suj)plement, ii.
ment of which is effective and varied. The 197.

;
MEIIUL
MEHUL, ETIENNE NICOLAS, born but it was too late, and he returned to Paris
at Givet (Ardeuues), Juue 22, 17G3, died only to die. Mt'hul's lack of sound early
in Paris, Oct. 18, musical training prevented his ever be-
1817. Dramatic coming a thorough master of the technique
composer, son of a of composition he always acknowledged
;
cook, who was too Cherubiui and Catel as vastly his superiors
poor to educate in musical knowledge. His symphonies,
him ; but by hard given at the Conservatoire, are inferior to the
work, aided by works of the true symphonic masters some ;
some teaching on the other hand, are de-

of his overtures,
from a poor blind cidedly in advance of any that had pre-
organist, he made 'î4m# viously been written in France. He was
such progress well versed in church music, and handled
that in 1773 he the Gregorian modes with ease and natural-
was appointed organist to the Convent des ness. The most couis^jicuous quality in his
ROcoUetfs at Givet. Soon after he studied dramatic music is its true passionateness ;
under Wilhelm Hanser at the neighbor- his melodies are noble in character, if at
ing convent of Lavaldieu, where in 1777 times lacking in grace and charm. In his
he became deputy organist. In 1778 he orchestration he attempted many novel
went to Paris, where he began to give les- combinations, often with success. Unlike
sons for a living, and to study the pianoforte Gretry, he had not the good luck of con-
and composition under Edelmaun. In 1779 stantly finding libretti exactly suited to his
a hearing of Gluck's Iphigt'uie en Tauride peculiar genius, and he found himself at-
produced such an imjjression upon him tracted by almost any subject. This, to-
that he went for advice to Gluck, who gave gether with his imperfect early training,
him instruction in musical aesthetics, and may account for his repeated attempts to
advised him to abandon church music, in change his style. Yet he was certainly the
which he had already met with some suc- greatest figure in French opera between
cess, for the lyric drama. He wrote three Gluck, and Cherubini and Siôntini. His
ojseras (never given, and since lost) merely greatest work was Joseph. His jjortrait
for practice. Another opera, Cora et Alonzo, was engraved by Queuedey in 1808.
was accepted by the Acadcmie de Musique,
Works I. Ojieras Psyche (never per- :
but never perfoi-med. Having become ac- formed, score lost) Anacreon (do.) ;
;
quainted with Hoffmann, he set his libret- Lausus et Lydie, 3 acts (do.) Hyj^sipyle, ;
to, Euphrosine et Coradin, to music, and do. Euphrusine et Coradin, on le tyran

;
the opera was brought out with immense corrige, 3 acts. Theatre Italien, Sept. 4,
success at the Theatre Italieu in 1790 1790 Alonzo et Cora, 4 acts, Opera, Feb.
;
from this time his productiveness, as well 15, 1791 Stratonice, 1 act, Opera Comique,
;
as his almost unvarying success, was as- May 3, 1792 Le congres des Eoi.s, 3 acts
;
tonishing. He was appointed inspector at (with Berton, Blasius, Cherubini, Dalayrac,

the Conservatoire from its foundation was Deshayes, Devienne, Gretry, Jadin, Ki-eu-
;
elected to the Institut in 1795, and made tzer, Solie, and Trial fils), Oiêra Comique,
chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1802. Feb. 2G, 1793 Le jeune sage et le vieux
;
When he reached the age of fifty his health fou, 1 act, ib., March 28, 1793 Horatius ;
began to fail, and in 1816 it was generally Codes, 1 act. Opera, Feb. 18, 1794 Ai-mi- ;
recognized that he was dying of consump- nius, written for the Opera in 1794, but not
tion. He spent two months in Provence, given Phrosine et Melidor, 3 acts, Opera
;
hoping for benefit from change of climate, Comique, May 4, 1794 Scipiou, not jjer- ;
647
'
MEI
formed La caverne, 3 acts, Oiiera Comique, hymn written for the fourth anniversary of
;
Dec. 1795
4, Tancrode et Clonnde, not the taking of the Bastile, July 14, 1794.
;
performed Susostris, do.

; Agar dans le ;
desert, do. Doria, 1797 ; La touj)ie et le ;
papillou, Theatre Montansier, 1797 Le ;
jeune Henri, 2 acts, of whicli the overture,

La chassc du jeune Henri, survives, TbOfitre Vieillard, Notice biographique (Paris,
Favart, May 1, 1797 Le pont de Lodi, 1 1859) Quatremire de Quincj', do. (ib., Di-
; ;
act, Opera Comique, Dec. 15, 1797 Adrien, dot, 1818) Fotis. ; ;
3 acts. Theatre de la Eepublique et des MEI, ORAZIO, born at Pisa in 1719, i
Arts, June 4, 1798 Ariodant, 3 acts. The- died at Leghorn, October, 1787.
; Church
atre Favai-t, Oct. 11, 1798 Epicure, 3 acts composer, jjupil of Giovanni Maria Clari
; ;
(with Cherubini), Opera Comique, Miu'ch was organist at the Cathedral of Pisa un-
14, 1800; Bion, 1 act, ib., 1801; JJIrato,'. til 1763 after that time became maestro ;
ou I'empoi-te, 1 act, ib., Feb. 17, 1801 Une di cappella at the Cathedral of Leghorn. ;
folie, April 4, 1802; Le tresor

2 acts, ib., Works La : circoncisione, oratorio ; La mu-
suppose, ou danger decouter aus portes,
le sica, cantata ; Stabat JIater ; 2 Requiems 36 ;
ib., July 29, 1802 Joanna, 2 acts, Feydeau,

; masses ; Vespers Motets ; ; Te Deum Con- ;
Nov. 22", 1802 L'heureux malgre lui, 1802

;
;
certos ; Sonatas Fugues. ; Fetis ; Mendel.
Helena, 3 acts, Opera Comi<pie, March 1, MEIFRED, JOSEPH EmLE, born at
1803 ;Le baiser et la quittance, ou une Colmars (Basses- Alpes), Nov. 22, 1791, died
aventure de garnison (with Boieldieu, in Paris, Aug. 29, 1867. Virtuoso on the
Isouard, and Kreutzer) 3 acts, ib., June 18, horn, pupil of Dauprat at the Paris Con-
1803 Les deux aveugles de Tolede, 1 act,
; servatoii'e, where he was professor in 1833-
ib., Jan. 28, 180G Ulhal, 1 act, Feydeau, ; 65. He perfected the valve-horn on its
May 17, 1806 Gabrielle d'Estrees, ou les
; introduction into France, and composed
amours de Henri IV., 3 acts, Opera Co- duos, and melodies for 2 horns. He pub-
mique, June 25, 180G Joseph, 3 acts, Fey- ; lished two methods, and some pamphlets
deau, Feb. 17, 1807 Les Amazones, ou la ; on the use and the resources of that instru-
fondation de Thebes, 3 acts. Opera, Dec. ment. Fetis.
17, 1811 Le prince troubadour, 1 act.
; MEILAND, JAKOB, born at Senfteu-
Opera Comique, May 4, 1813 L'oriflamme, ;
berg, Upjier Lusatia, in 1542, died in Celle
1 act (with Berton, Kreutzer, and Paer), |
in 1577. He was educated as a choir-boy
Opera, Jan. 31, 1814 La joumee aux ; in the royal chapel in Dresden then trav- ;
aventures, 3 acts, Feydeau, Nov. 16, 1816 ;

elled and studied in Italy ; became Kapell-
Valentine de Milan (finished by Daussoigne-
Mehul), ib., Nov. 28, 1822.
n. Ballets, etc. Le jugement de Paris, :
|
1793 ;La dansomanie, 1800 Le retour ;
d'Ulysse, 1809 Per-

see et Audromede,
;
UsMM^^^^'
1811 Overture, en-
;
tr'actes, and cho- meister at Anspach, and later at

ruses to (Edipe roi, Celle. Works : 3 books of Cantiones sacrre,
not performed ]Mu- ; quinque et sex vocum (Nuremberg, 1564,
sic to the drama Les 1572, 1573); XXXm. Motetten mit deutsch-
Hussites, Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin, em, auch lateinischem Text, X\T!. Weltliche
1804 ;and Le cliaiU du dejârt, national teutsche Gesange, Sacra; Aliquot Cantiones
. :
MEINARDUS
(Frankfort, 1575) ; Cantiones aliquot doveb MEIN GLAUBIGES HERZE, soprano
(ib., 1576, 2a ed., Erfurt, 1588) Cygueaj aria in F major, with accompaniment of
;
cautiooes latinse et germauicse (Wittenberg, oboe, violin, violoncello j)iccolo, and con-
1790). Fetis ; Gerber ; ScbiUiug ; Rie- tinuo, in Joliann Sebastian Bach's cantata
mann ;
Winterfekl, Kircliengesang, i. 339 for Feria 11. Pentecostes, " Also hat Gott
;
Ambros, Gesch., iii. 5C1. die Welt geliebt" (Bachgesellschaft, No.

MEINARDUS, LUDWIG (SIEGFRIED), 68). Published separately, in full and pi-
born at Hooksiel, anoforte score, with additional accompani-
Oldenburg, S e fi t ments by Robert Franz (Halle, Karmrodt).
17, 1827, stillliving, It is tobe noted that this edition of Franz's
1889. Instrumental is the only existing completed arrangement
and vocal composer of this favourite air, in which Bach's con-

and writer on mu- tinuo has been preserved unchanged.
sic, pupil at tbo MEIN HEIM (My Home), overture for
Conservatorium and orchestra, by Autonin Dvorak, op. G2, first
of Riecius at Leip- given at the Philharmonic Concert, Buda-
sic, tben of Liszt at Pesth, in 1883. Published by Simrock
Weimar, finally of Marx in Berlin, liaving (Berlin, 1882).
in tbe meanwhile acted as Kapellmeister of MEIN HERR UND GOTT. See Lohen-
tlie theatres at Erfurt and Nordhausen. In grin.
1853-G5 he conducted the Singakademie at MEIN JESUS HAT NUNMEHR, so-
Glogau, then became professor at the Con- prano aria in E minor, with accompani-
servatorium in Dresden, and in 1874; set- ment of 2 oboes, strings complete, and con-
tled in Hamburg, to devote himself to com- tinuo, in Johauu Sebastian Bach's cantata,
position and musical criticism removed to " Gott filhret auf mit Jauchzen," Part I.
;
Bielefeld in 1887. The Grand Duke of Ol- MEIN SEELENSCHATZ 1ST GOTTES
denburg gave him the title of music direc- WORT, soprano aria in E-flat major, with
tor in 1862. Works Oratorios Simon accompianimeut of 2 flutes in unison, 4 vio-
:
Petrus ; Gideon, op. 2-4 ; KOnig Salomo, las do., and continue, in Johann Sebastian
op. 25 ; Luther in Worms, op. 3G ; Odrun. Bach's cantata for Dom. Sexagesimse,
Choral ballads : Roland's Schwanenlied, op. " Gleich wio der Regen und Schnee vom
22, No. 1 ; Frau Hitt, op. 22, No. 2 ; Die Himmel filllt " (Bachgesellschaft, No. 18).
Nonne, op. 35 Jung Baldur's Sieg Pas- Published separately, with additional ac-
; ;
sionslied, for chorus, soli, and orchestra, companiments by Robert Franz (Leipsic,
op. 19 Deutsche Messgesiinge, for chorus Whistling).
;
and organ, op. 6. Wanderlied, for chorus MEISTER VON AVIS, DER, oratorio
with wind instruments, op. 17 2 sympho- by Loewe, written between 1848 and 18G0. ;
nies ;
Quintet for pianoforte and strings ;
MEISTERSINGER VON NURNBERG,
3 trios for do. ; String quartets (The Mastersingers of Nuremberg),
; Octet for DIE
wind instruments Sonatas for violin and musical comedy in three acts, text and mu-
;
pianoforte ; Sonata for violoncello and do. sic by Richard Wagner, first represented at ;
Pianoforte music, and songs. Two

Munich, June 21, 18G8, under the direction operas,
Bahuesa and Doktor Sassafras, have not as of Hans von Billow. Original cast
yet been performed. Among his writings
are Kulturgeschichtliche Briefe iiber deu- Hans Sachs, Schuster (B.) Herr Betz.
tsche Tonkunst (1872), and Mozart, ein Veit Pogner, Goldschmied (B.) Bauseweiu. . .
Kflnstlerleben (1882). Mendel, Ergllnz., Kuuz Vogelgesang, Kiirschner (T.).Heinrich.

272 ; liiemann. Konrad Nachtigall, Spengler (B.) Sigl.
649
MEISTERSINCtER
Sixtus Beckmesser, Schreiber (B.) . . Holzel. man, foretold by his horn, disperses tlie
Fritz Kotbner, Backer (B.) Fischer. crowd. The third act opens in the shop of
Balthazar Zorn, Zinngiesser (T.), Sachs, to whom Walther and Eva have come
"VVeixlstorfer. for advice. Walther sings a dream-song
Uh-ich Eisslinger, Wurzkramer (T.).Hoi3pe. and Sachs transcribes it and gives him ad-
Augustin Moser, Schneider (T.) Poppl. vice. Beckmesser enters and, finding the
Hermauu Ortel, Seifensietler (B.). . . .Toms. song, supposes it to be by Sachs and appro-
Hans Schwarz, Strumpf wivker (B.) . Grasser. priates it Sachs discovers the theft, but
Hans Foltz, Kupferschmied (B.) Hayn. presents it to Beckmesser and promises not
Walther von Stolzing (T.) Nachbauer. to claim the authorship of it if he will sing it
David (T.) Schlosser. at the competition. The second scene is an
Nachtwilchter (Bar.) F. Lanz.
Eva (S.) Frl. Malliuger.
Magdalene (C.) Frau Diez.
Scene at Nuremberg in the 16th centurj-.
^'^^
Veit Pogner, a rich goldsmith, desiiing to -K\-
^^^5^^^^-|^/|/
honour his guild, the Mastersingers, offers
his daughter Eva in marriage to the success-
ful competitor at their annual singing con-
test on the Feast of St John. Walther von
Stolzing, a young knight, in love with Eva,
hears of this first inchurch on the day be-
fore the Feast, but determines to enter the
guild to qualify himself for the competition.
David, an apprentice of Hans Sachs and in
love with Magdalene, Eva's maid, endeav-
ours to give him some instruction, but
is interrupted by the gibes of the boys.
The trial of the candidates takes place in

the church in the afternoon, and Walther',
knowing nothing of the rules of the Master-
singers, makes a failure, but his cause is Emil Fischer, as Hans Sachs.
espoused by Hans Sachs against Beckmes-
ser, the town clerk, who hopes to gain the open meadow, covered with tents and merry-
goldsmith's wealth by winning his daugh- makers, on the banks of the river, which is
ter. The second act shows Pogner's house crowded with boats. The different guilds of
and Sachs's shop by night. Walther and singers arrive, each entering to a character-
Eva ai'e about to elope when Beckmesser istic chorus. The competition begins and
arrives to serenade Eva. Sachs interrupts Beckmesser makes a stupid failure with Wal-
his singing by lustily shouting a folk-song, ther's song, and is hooted. Becoming en-
but agi-ees to listen to Beckmesser if he raged he charges the authorship to Sachs,
will permit him to mark the errors of his who replies that it is a good song when cor-
composition with blows of his hammer on rectly sung, and calls on Walther to sing it
the shoe he is making. The town clerk be- The knight does so to the delight of all,
comes enraged by Sachs's frequent pound- and is awarded the hand of Eva. Among
ing, and is at last driven off by David, who the chief uumbei's are the address by
suspects that he is serenading his sweet- Pogner, offering Eva as a prize to the suc-
heart Magdalene. The coming of the watch- cessful singei", " Das schone Fest, Johannis-
6S0
;
MELLE
Tag " Waltlier's song, wlieu a candidate
; er-Motive (Hamburg, 1873) ; Lanz, Ueber
for election to the guild, " So rief der Lenz die erste Auffiihrung Richard Wagner's
iu den Wald " Sachs's rolHeking song, in Meistersinger
;
von Niirnberg Dorn, Die ;
interruption of Beckmesser's serenade, " Je- Meistersinger von Niirnberg Kastuer, ;
rum ! Jerum ! Halla, halla, he ! ;

" his song Wagner Catalog, 66 Gumprecht, Neue ;
in his shop on the morning of the contest, musikalische Characterbilder, 176 Bay- ;
" Wahn Wahu Uberall Wahn " Wal-

! ! ! ; reuther Blatter (1885), 68 (1888), 306 ; ;
ther"s i^rize song, " MorgenUch leuchteud Mus. Wochenblatt (1870), 249, 202, 343 ;
iu rosigem Schein " and the final chorus ;

(1871), 81, 433, 468, 481 (1872), 81 ; ;
of the people, " Heil Sachs Hans Sachs ! ! (1875), 225, 230, 272, 299, 313, 323 (1883), ;
Heil Niirnberg's theurem Sachs " The ! 607 (1884), 109, 177, 189 Neue Zeitschr.
; ;
original sketch of the Meiwtersinger was (1883), 437; Athenffium (1881), ii. 410;
made at Dresden iu 18-45, the same year (1882), i. 709 Krehbiel, Review (1885-86),
;
the poem of Lohengrin was written. The 94 Schuru, Le drame musical (1886), ii.
;
poem was begun in Paris in the winter of 191 Upton, Standard Operas, 271.
;
1801-02, and printed iu the latter year MELLE (Mel), RENAUT DE (in Italian,
(Mainz, Schott) Rinaldo del Mele), Flemish composer of the
; the music was begun in
1862, and the score was finished, Oct. 20, 16th century, born at Lic'ge. Having served
1807. The pianoforte score, arranged by Sebastiao, King of Portugal, and his succes-
Tausig, was jiublished in 1867, and the full sor. Cardinal Dom Henrique, iu the capac-
score in 1868 (Mainz, Schott) ; a facilitated ity of mestre de eapella, he went in 1580 to
pianoforte score, by Kleinmichel, was pub- Rome. Later he became musician to Ga-
lished later. There are various ai'rangements briele Paleotto, Ai'clibishop of Bologna ; was
for the pianoforte, including Versammlung
Liege iu 1587, and appointed maestro di in
der Meistersingerzunft, for two and for four cappella at Magliano in 1591. Works Many :
hands by Hans von Billow, and also a Para- books of madrigals Several books of mo- ;
phrase of the Quintet in Act III. by von Bil- tets Litanie della B. V. a cinque voci (Ant- ;
low (Schott) Reminiscenzen iu i jjarts by werp, 1589). Fctis Mendel, Ergiinz., 274
; ;
;
Joachim Raff (Schott) Vorspicl for piano- Gerber Schilling.; ;
forte for four hands by Carl Tausig and A. MELLON, ALFRED, born at Birming-
Horn (Schott), and Walther's Preislied for ham, England, in 1820, died in London,
violin with orchestra by August Wilhelinj, March 27, 1867. He was violinist in sev-
also for violin with pianoforte. Other ar- eral orchestras and, later, leader of the bal-
rangements for various instruments. The let at Covent Garden, London then di- ;
work was given first in Vienna, Feb. 27, rector of the Hay market and Adelphi The-
1870 in Berlin, April 1, 1870 iu Leipsic,
; ; atres, of the Pyne and Harrison English
Dec. 6, 1872 iu Loudon, Drury Lane,
; Opera Company, of the Musical Society, of
May 30, 1882 and iu New York^ Metro- ; the Covent Garden Promenade Concerts,
piolitan Opera House, Jan. 4, 1885, with and in 1865 of the Liverpool Philharmonic
Emil Fischer as Hans Sachs. Wagner, Ge- Society. Works Victoriue, opera, 1859
:
;
sammelte Schriften, vii. 197 Glaseuapp, ; Pianoforte and other instrumental music ;
Richard Wagner's Leben uud Werken, i. 80 ;

Songs and ballads. Grove Fctis, Supjjle- ;
ii. 178, 220 Hueffer, Wagner, 72 HansHck,

; ; ment, ii. 201.
Moderne Oper, 292 Midler, Lohengrin und ; MELPOMENE, dramatic overture, by
die Mei.stersinger von Nurnberg (Munich, George W. Chadwick, iirst performed by
1869) Nohl, Neues Skizzenbuch (ib., 1869)
; the Symphony Orchestra, Boston, Mass.,
Eeinsdorf, Die Meistersinger von Niirnberg Dec. 24, 1887. It was given in New York,
(Leipsic, 1873) ; Julius Stinde, Meistersing- April 15, 1888.
551
MELUSINA
MELUSINA, test by "Wilbelm and composition.
cantata, He was president of the
Osterwald, music by Heinricb Hofmaun, op. society of musical composers received the ;
30, first perfonned in Miililhausen, Oct. 28, cross of the Legion of Honour in 1876.
1875, with Fraa Ficbtner-Spohr, Friiulein Works Operas Francois Villon, Paris, :
Scbulz, HeiT Schiissler, and Hen- Henscliel 1857 La fiUe de I'orfcvre, Baden-Baden,
;
for the solos. It was sung in Leipsic, Dec. 1863 L'esclave, Les parias, Paris, 1874; ;
11, 1875, and by the Philharmonic Society La courts echelle, ib., 1877 Le moinc ;
of Montreal, April 25, 1888. Published by rouge La filleule des anges Colomba ; ; ;
Erler (Berlin, 1875). Mus. Wochenblatt Freyghor. Fiugal, cantata, 1801 Pohj- ;
(1875), 653, 668 Uptou, Standard Canta- phbne et Galatoe, cantata

;
Choruses for ;
tas, 206. (Edipe roi ; Melodies and di-amatic scenes,

IMELUSIKE, Mendelssohn. See Die including Romeo et Juliette, Page, ecuyer,
schvne Mehisiue. eapitaine, Chanson d'amour, and others.

MELUSINE, German opera in three acts, Fetis, Supplement, ii. 201 ; Riemann.
music by Carl Grammann, op. 24, text by MENACE DES FRANCS, LA. See Vox
the composer, after von Schwiud's Bilder- Populi.
cyklus, " Die schOue Melusiue," first rei)re- MENDELSSOHN -BAETHOLDY, (JA-
sented in Wiesbaden, Sept. 25, 1875. Frau KOB LUDWIG)
Loffler-Iiibeczeli sang the part of Melusiue. FELIX, born in
Published by F. Eies (Dresden, 1875). Hamburg, Feb. 3,
Operas, same title, in German, in two acts, 1809 died in Leip- ;
test by GrUliiarzer, music by Konradin sic, Nov. 4, 1847.

Kreutzer, Berlin, Feb. 27, 1833 iu four ;
His grandfather was
acts, text by Pasque, after Halevy's Slagi- Moses Mendelssohn,
cienne, music b}' Louis Schindelraeisser, noted for his philo-
Darmstadt, Dec. 29, 1869 Die Brant von ;
sophical writings ;
Lusignan, in three acts with Vorspiel, text his father, Abraham Mendelssohn, was a rich
by Elard HofschlUger, music by Theodor banker of Hamburg his mother. Lea Salo- ;
Heutschel, Bremen, Nov. 17, 1875 Melu- mon-Bartholdy, of Berlin.

;
Felix was the
siue, in four acts, text by Ernst Marbach, second child, the others being Fanny :
music by Karl IMayrberger, Presburg, Jan. Ciicihe (born, Nov. 14, 1805, married Wil-
20, 1876 in four
; acts, text by Pasqui' and helm Hensel, the painter, and died. May 14,
C. Brandt, music by G. Lehuhardt, Berlin, 1847) Rebecka (born, April 11, 1811, mar- ;
Dec. 31, 1876 text by G. Braun, music by i-ied Gustav Peter Dirichlet-Lejeune, and
;
L. Storch, Glogau, March 20, 1877 text by died, Dec. 1, 1858)

;
Paul (born, Oct. 30, ;
Schmid, music by Karl Perfall, Munich, 1813, married Albertine Heine, and died,
March 27, 1881 and ballet by Franz Dop-
; June 21, 1874). In 1812 the family escaped
pler, text by C. Telle, after M. von Schwiud's from Hamburg, then occupied by the French,
Bildercyklus, Vienna, 1882. Mus. Wocheu- and settled in Berlin. Felix's fii-st instruc-
blatt (1875), 498 (1881), 218 Siguale
; ; tion on the pianoforte was from his mother ;
(1876), 785 (1878), 337; Kiemann, Operu-

;
next, in 1810, from Marie Bigot in Paris.
Haudbuch, 327. Returning to Berhn, he and Fainiy were
MEMBRfiE, EDMOND, born at Valen- placed under Heyse (father of Paul Heyse,
ciennes, France, Nov. 14, 1820, died at the novelist) for general education, Ludwig
Chateau-Dumont, near Paris, Sept. 10, 1882. Berger for iîanoforte, Zelter for harmony
Dramatic composer, pupil at the Paris Con- and comjjositiou, Henning for violin, and
servatoire of Zimmerman, Alkan, Dourlen, EiJsel for landscape sketching. Felix and
and Carafa ; devoted himseK to teaching Rebecka also studied Greek, as far as
652
;
MENDELSSOHN
J^scbylus. Felix's first public appearance
director of the church music, the opera,
was Oct. 24, 1818, when be played
the in- and two musical associations at Diisseldorf,
anoforte jiart iu a trio with two horns by Sept. 27, 1833, at a salary of six hundred
Woelfl ; April 11, 1819, he euteved the Thalers ($450) per annum. In March, 1834,
singing class at the he relinquished that part of his i>ay which
Singakademie as alto, came from the theatre, active connection
and 1820 he began with institutions of that sort being irksome
sj'stematically to com- to him, giving over the duties of this jjost
pose. Later he stud- to Julius Eietz, and contenting himself with
ied the violin under conducting a favourite oiêra now and then.
Eduard Eietz, and In 1834, also, he was elected member of the
the pianoforte (1821) Berlin Academy of Fine Arts. He conduct-
under Moscheles ed the Lower Ehine Festival at Cologne,
about 182G he entered June 7-9, 1835. The next f)eriod begins
the University of Ber- August, 1835, in Leipsic, where he had ac-
lin. March 11, 1829, he conducted at the cepted the couductorship of the Gewand-
Singakademie the first performance of Bach's
Matthew-Passion given anywhere since the
composer's death (1750) the performance
;
was got up wholly at his instigation, much

against the will of Zelter, the regular con-
ductor of the Singakademie, and was the
practical beginning of the great Bach prop-
aganda in Mendelssohn was con-
which
spicuous throughout his life. In 1830 a
Chair of Music was founded at the univer-
sity, with the intention that Mendelssohn
should occupy it, but, at his suggestion,

it was given to Marx instead. This j)eriod
of his life is also noteworthy for his first
visit to England (April 21 to Nov. 29, 1829)
where he was electee! honorary member of

the London Philharmonic Society on the day
of his departure, his journey through Ger-
many, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, to Paris
(May, 1830, to April, 1832), his second, third,
and fourth visits to London (April 23 to July,
1832 April 26 to about May 15, and about
;
June 5 to Aug. 4, 1833), and his conducting

Mendelssohn's Biithplace.
the Lower Rhine Musical Festival at Diis-
seldorf, beginning May 26, 1833. His haus concerts. On Nov. 9 his father died.
friendship with Goethe, begun in Weimar In 1836 he conducted the Lower Ehine
in 1821, also falls within this period. Be- Festival at Diisseldorf (May 22-24) for the
tween his second and third London visits third time, bringing out his recently fin-
he was defeated by Eungenhagen as candi- ished Paulus. As the Leipsic concerts
date for Zelter's place at the Berlin Singa- were over for the season, he undertook the
kademie. The next period of his life begins temporary direction of the Ciicilien-Verein
with his entering upon the functions of in Frankfort, returning to Leipsic, Oct. 2.
MENDELSSOHN
On March 28, 1837, lie marned Cccile Thalers ($1,125), his title that of General-
Cbarlotte Sophie Jeanrenaud, of Fraukfort, Music-Director, and it was stipulated that
at the ^YalloouFrench Eeformed Church he need not liveiu Berlin. But he was
iu that citj-. From
this union sprang Carl forced to thi'owup his position of Kapell-
Wolfgang Paul (born, Feb. 7, 1838) Ma- ; meister to the King of Saxony, which had
rie Pauline Hulene (born, Oct. 2, 1839) ;
been given him on his departure from Leip-
Paul Felix Abraham Felix August Edu- ; sic. He conducted the Diisseldorf Festival
ard (born, May 1, 1843, died (?)Elisabeth for the fourth and last time (May 15-17),
;
Fanny Henriette. On his fifth visit to and made his seventh visit to England
England (Aug. 27 Sept. 25, 1837) he (June to July 10) in this year-.
to In November
conducted Paul at the Birmingham or December he returned to Leipsic to or-
St.
Festival. He conducted the Diisseldorf ganize the new Conservatory, which opened
Festival, May 19-21, 1839, and the festival Jan. 16, 1843. But he found soon that his
in Leipsic in commemoration of the fourth duties called him back to Berlin (August,
centennial of the invention of printing, June 1843), and that he would have to remain
24 and 25, 1840, for which he wrote his there. In May, 1843, he made his eighth
Lobgesang and Festgesang. His sixth visit \'isit to England, to accept the conductor-
to England (Sept. 8 to October, 1840) was ship of the Loudon Philharmonic Society ;
followed by an uninterrupted winter in Leip- he remained until Juh', 1844. From July
sic. With 1841 begins the troublesome, or to September he passed the time in Frank-
Berlin period of his life. Friedrich Wil- fort with wife and children then went to ;
helm rV. had just come to the Prussian Berlin, but matters there went so little to
throne, and had projected an Academy of his liking that he gave up all such definite
Arts at Berlin Mendelssohn was invited duties as should require his residence in
;
to take charge of the dejârtment of music, the city, and his salary was reduced to $750.
part of his duties being to get up series In December he returned to Frankfort.
of concerts at which large orchestral and His health now began to trouble him. In
choral works were to be given by the royal 1845 he returned to Leipsic, and resumed the
orchestra and Opera company. The salary conductorship at the Gewaudhaus Hiller ;
was three thousand Thalers ($2,250). He had conducted, 1843-44, and Gade, 1844-
at first declined, but afterwards accej)ted. 45. In Maj' and June, 184G, he conducted
The arrangements cost him infinite trouble, Festivals at Aix-la-Chapelle and Cologne,
and iu addition he had to write the music and concerts at Diisseldorf and Liege (his
for the Greek plays given at Potsdam by Lauda Sion), and in August made his ninth
order of the king. The Academy project visit to England, to conduct the first per-
came to nothing, and Mendelssohn found formance Birmingham. On
of his Elijah at
that he was not popular with the court, the his return to Leipsiche gave up the super-
musicians, or the public. Berlin was upon intendence of the pianoforte department at
the whole antipathetic to him, and he was the Conservatory to Moscheles and the con-
about to retire in October, 1842, when the ductorship at the Gewandhaus to Gade.
king prevailed ujjou him to take charge of Yet, although suffering much in his head
a small picked chorus and orchestra, for from overwork, he conducted some of the
the j)erformance of chui-ch music ou Sun- concerts, and also the court concerts iu
days and Feast-days, and to serve as a nu- Dresden, besides superintending a large
cleus for performances of large choral part of the managing of the Gewandhaus.
works. This body was constituted as the In 1847 he made his tenth and last visit to
since famous Domchoi-, Nov. 22, 1842. England, conducting his Elijah at Man-
Mendelssohn's salary was fifteen hundred chester and Birmingham. A day or two
MENDELSSOHN
after liis return to Frankfort the news of Works I. Oratorios,
cantatas, and
the sudden death of his sister Fanny gave church music 3 pieces for solo, chorus, :
him a severe shock ; he was insensible for and organ, Aus tiefer Noth, Ave Maria, 8
some In June he and his family
time. voc. Mitten wir, 8 voc, oj). 23 ; Ftialm CXV.,
went Baden-Baden, thence to Switzerland.
to for solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. 31 ;
Ill Brienz he played the organ for the last Paulus, oratorio, op. 36 ; 3 motets for fe-
time. He was much broken down, but male voices, for the nuns of Sta. Trinita de'
soon began composing again. In Septem- Monti in Rome, op. 39 Psaliii XLIL, for ;
ber he was back in Leipsic he left the ; chorus and organ, op. 42 Psalm XCV., for ;
conducting of the Gewandhaus concerts to solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. 46 Psalm ;
Julius Rietz, and relinquished all official CXIV., for 8-part chorus and orchestra, op.
work, but made several plans for composing, 51 ; Lohgesang, symphony -cantata, op. 52 ;
and intended to conduct Elijah at Vienna in Die Er.-ile Walpiurgisnacht, ballad for soli,
November, with Jenny Lind among the per- chorus, and orchestra, op. 60 ; Feslgesang, for
formers. But all these jilans were frus- male chorus and brass instruments, for the
trated by his death. His jûhlic funeral ojjening of the German-Flemish vocal festi-
was in the Pauliner-Kirche on Nov. 7 the ; val at Cologne, op. G8 3 motets, for solo and ;
body was then taken to Berlin and was chorus, op. 69 70 Lauda ; Elia.% oratorio, op. ;
buried in the Alte Dreifaltigkeits-Kirchof Sion, for soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 73
between his boy Felix and his sister Fanny. (Posthumous work, 1) Psalms H., XLHI, ;
Commemorative Lon-
services were held in and XXIL, and chorus, written for
for solo
don, Manchester, Birmingham, and com- the Berlin Domchor, op. 78 (Posthumous,
memorative concerts given in Paris and 6) 6 Spriiche, Anthems for 8-part chorus,
;
in Berlin, Vienna, Frankfort, Hamburg, and for the Domchor, op. 79 (Posthumous, 7) ;
many other German cities. Mendelssohn Psalm XCVIII., for 8-part chorus and or-
was alike great as pianist, organist, and chestra, op. 91 (Posthumous, 20) ; Infelicc,
conductor. His reputation as a composer concert aria iu B-flat, for soprano and or-
is world-wide, albeit it is now seen that he chestra, op. 94 (Posthumous, 23) ; Hymn for
by no means occupied the position that alto solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. 96
Schumann did as a link in the great chain (Posthumous, 25) Christus, unfinished or.a- ;
of musical evolution. He was an indefati- torio, op. 97 (Posthumous, 26) Tu es Pe- ;
gable producer, and has been accounted the trus, 5 -part chorus and orchestra, op. Ill
greatest master of musical form since Mo- (Posthumous, 40) 2 sacred choruses for ;
zart. It is highly probable, however, that male voices, op. 115 (Posthumous, 44) Ver- ;
he will hold a higher and more enduring leih uns Friedeu, prayer for chorus and
place in history in virtue of the musical in- orchestra, no opus number ; Ersatz fiir Un-
fluence he exerted than by his compositions bestand, poem by Riickert for 4 male voices,
themselves. As a musical influence he do. Feslgesang, male chorus and orchestra,
;
stood in the post-Beethoven period very for the festival at Leipsic in celebration of
much as Philipp Emmanuel Bach did in the the invention of jDrinting, do. Lord have ;
pre-Haydn epoch. The great work of his mercy upon us, chorus without accompani-
life was the raising of the popular musical ment, in A minor, do. ; 3 hymns for alto
taste. His influence and popularity in Eng- solo, chorus, and organ, do. ; Hear my
land was greater than that of any musician prayer, hymn for soprano solo, chorus, and
since Handel. His best portrait is that organ, afterwards orchestrated, do. ; Kyrie
painted in 1844 by Edward Magnus at Ber- eleison, double chorus, do ; Additional cho-
lin, lately in the possession of Mme Jenny rus to Psalm XCV. (op. 46), London, No-
Lind-Goldschmidt. vello.
555
;; ;
MEKDELSSOHN
n. Songs and part-songs 74 songs for a Fugue, for strings, op. 81 (Posthumous, 9)
:
voice with pianoforte, op. 9, 34, 47, 57, Trauermarsch, iu A minor, for the funeral
8,
71, 84 (Posthumous, 13), 86 (Posthumous, of Norbert Burgmiiller, op. 103 (Posthu-

15), 99 (Posthumous, 28), 112 (Posthumous, mous, 32) March, in D, for the fete given ;
41), Moore's The Garhind, Simrock's War- to Peter von Cornelius in Dresden, op. 108
nung vor dem Ehein, Hoflmaou von Fal- (Posthumous, 37).
lersleben's Seemauu's Scheidelied, Des V. For solo instruments with orchestra
Miidchen's Klage, and G others without A. For pianoforte Capriccio brillant, iu : B
opus number 13 duets with do., op. 8, G3,
; minor, op. 22 ; Concerto No. 1, in G minor,
77 (Posthumous, 5) 3 Volksheder without ; op. 25 Eondo brillant, iu E-flat, op. 29
; ;
opus number 29 part-songs for mixed

; Concerto No. 2, in D minor, op. 40 Sere- ;
voices, op. 41, 48, 59, 88 (Posthumous, 17), nade und Allegro giojoso, iu B minor, op.
100 (Posthumous, 29), 116 (Posthumous, 45) 43. B. For violiu Concerto in E minor, :
16 do. for male voices, op. 50, 75 (Posthu- op. 64.

mous, 3), 76 (Posthumous, 4), Nachtgesaug Yl. Chamber music : Octet for strings,
and Stiftungsfeier without opus number. in E-flat, op. 20 ;
Quintets for do.. No. 1,
m. Dramatic: Die Beiden Piidagogen, in A, op. 18 No. 2, in B-flat, op. 87 (Post-

;
opera in one act, Berlin, 1821 Die Biîden ; humous, 10) Quartets for do.. No. 1, in
;
Neffen, opera in three acts, ib., Feb. 3, E-flat, op. 12 No. 2, in A, op. 13 No. 3,
; ;
1824 Die Hochzeit des Camacho, comic

; in D, No. 4, in E minor, No. 5, in E-flat, op.
opera, 2 acts, op. 10, Berlin, Schauspielhaus, 44 ; in P minor, op. 80 (Posthumous, 8) ;
April 29, 1827 ; Music to the Antigone of in E-fiat, without opus number (Berlin,
Sophocles, op. 55, Berlin, Hofoijer, Nov. 6, Erler) ; Sextet for pianoforte and strings,
1841 Music to A Midsummer Night's
; 110 (Posthumous, 39) Quartets
in D, op. ;
Dream, Sommernachtdrauni, op. 61, Pots- 1, iu C minor, ojj. 1

for do.. No. No. 2, in ;
dam, Oct. 14, 1843 Music to Racine's ; F minor, op. 2 No. 3, in B minor, op. 3 ; ;
Athalie, op. 74 (Posthumous, 2), Berlin, Dec. Trios for do., No. 1, in D minor, op. 49 ;
1, 1845 Hcimkehr aus der Fremde, Siug-

; No. 2, in C minor, op. 66 Concerted piece ;
spiel in 1 act, op. 89 (Posthumous, 18), Dec. in F, for clarinet and basset-horn with pi-
26, 1829 Music to the (Edipiis in Colonos
; anoforte, op. 113 (Posthumous, 42) do., in ;
of Sophocles, op. 93 (Posthumous, 22), Pots- D minor, for do., op. 114 (Posthumous, 43) ;
dam, Nov. 1, 1845 Lorelei, unfinished op- For pianoforte and violin, sonata in F mi-
;
era, op. 98 (Posthumous, 27). nor, oj). 4 For iîanoforte and violoncello, ;
IV. Orchestral 4 sj-mphouies. No. 1, in sonata No. 1, in B-flat, op. 45

: do. No. 2, ;
C minor, op. 11 ; No. 3, in A

minor, Scotch, iu D, op. 58 Variations concertantes, in D, ;
op. 56 No. 4, in A
; major, Italian, op. 90 o]). 17 Lied ohno Worte, in D, op. 109 ;
(Posthumous, 19) No. 5, in D, Reforma- (Posthumous, 38).

;
tion, op. 107 (Posthumous, 36) 7 concert Vn. Pianoforte music Sonata No. 1, in ; :
overtures. No. 1, to A Midsummer Night's E, op. 6 do. No. 2, in G minor, oj). 105 ;
Dream, Sommernachtdruam iu E, op. 21 (Posthumous, 34) do. No. 3, in B-flat, op. ;
For wind band Ouuerture fiii- Harmouie- 106 (Posthumous, 35) 8 Books of Lieder ;
musik, in C, op. 24 No. 2, Die Hehriden, ohne Worte, op. 19, 30, 88, 53, 62, 67, 85
;
iu B minor, oj). 26 No. 3, Mecresstille und (Posthumous, 14), 102 (Posthumous, 31)
; ;
gliickliche Fahrt, in D, op. 27 No. 4, Die Capriccio in F-sharp minor, op. 5 7 Cha-
; ;
Melusine, in F, op. 32 to Biiij Bias, rakterstucke, op. 7

schiJne Eondo capriccioso, in
; ;
in minor, op. 95 (Posthumous, 24) in C, E, op. 14 Fantasie on " The last rose of
C ; ;
Trnmpet overture, op. 101 (Posthumous, summer," in E, op. 15 3 Fantasies or ca- ;
30) Andante, Scherzo, Capriccio, and prices, in A minor, E minor, and E major.
;
6S7
;
MENGAL
op. 16 ; Fantasie in F-sbarp minor, Sonate in English, by W. L. Gage (Philadelphia,
c'cossaise, op. 28 ; London, 1878)
3 caprices, in A
Devrient, Meine minor, 1865, ;
E, and B-flat minor, op. 33 6 prelutles and Erinnerungen an F. M. B., etc. (Leipsic,
;
fugues, op. 35 17 Variations serieuses, in 1869 do. in English, by Mrs. Macfarren,

; ;
D minoi", op. 54 6 Kinderstiicke, op. 72 London, 1869) Carl Mendelssohn-Bar-

; ;
;
Variations in E-flat, op. 82 (Posthumous, tholdy, Goethe und F. M. B. (Leipsic, 1871

10) do. in B-llat, op. 83 (Postliumous, 11)
; do. in English, by M. E. von Glehn, Lon- ;
3 preludes and 3 studies, op. 104 (Posthu- don, 1872, 2d ed., 1874) Ferdinand Hiller, ;
mous, 33) Albumblatt, in E minor, op. 117 Mendelssohn, Letters and Recollections, in
;
(Posthumous, 4G) Capriccio in E, op. 118 English, by M. E. von Glehn (London, 1874
; ;
(Posthumous, 47) J'crpetuum mobile, in in German, Cologne, 1874)

; Hensel, Die ;
C, op. 119 (Posthumous, 48) Etude, in Familie M. (2 vols., Berlin, 1879) Grove,
; ;
F minor, -without oi)us number Scherzo, ; ii. 253.

in B minor, do. Scherzo and Capriccio, in
; MENG.VL, MARTIN JOSEPH, born in
F-sharp minor, do. Andante cantabile and Ghent, Jan. 27, 1784, died there, July 4, 1851.
;
Presto agitato in B, do. Gondellied in A, Dramatic composer, first instructed by his

;
do. Prelude and fugue in E minor, do.

; 2 father, then by several other artists, espe- ;
Ivlavierstiicke, in B-flat and G minor, do. cially on the horn, for which instrument he ;
Variations for 4 hands, in B-flat, op. 83a began to compose at the age of twelve. In
(Posthumous, 12) Allegro brillaut for do., 1804 he entered the Conservatoire of Paris,
;
in A, op. 92 (Posthumous, 21) Duo con- where he was a j)upil of Duvernoy on the
;
certant, vai-iations on the march in Preciosa, horn, of Catel in harmony, and of Reicha in
for 2 pianofortes (with Moscheles), no opus composition then joined the band of the ;
number. Imperial Guard and took part in the cam-

Vni. Organ music and jjaigns against Austria in 1805, and Prussia
: 3 ^jreludes
fugues, op. 37 ; Prelude in 1806. On his return to Paris in 1807 he
6 sonatas, op. 65 ;
in C minor, without opus number. entered the orchestra of the Odoon, and in
IX. Arrangements Additional accom- 1812 that of the Theatre Feydeau. He
:
paniments to Handel's Detlingen Te Deum went to Ghent in 1824 to assume the direc-
(Leipsic, Kistner) do. to Handel's Aci~^ tion of a theatre
; but, unsuccessful in his ;
and Galatea Organ accompaniment to enterprise, gave up his jiost for that of mu-
;
Handel's Israel in Egypt (London, Handel sical conductor, and after the revolution of
1830 was in the same capacity connected
with the theatre at Antwerp until 1832, with
that at the Hague until 1835, when he re-
turned to Ghent, and was appointed director
fQ^^ /^^^ of the Conservatoire.
Academy of Belgium.
Member of Royal
Works Operas :
Un nuit
au chateau,
<^ -^-yk^d^ given in Pa-
ris, Theatre
Feydeau,
1818 ; L'ile
Society) ; accompaniment to de Babilarj-, ib., 1819 Les infidMes, Ghent,
Pianoforte ;
Bach's violin Charonne in D minor (ib., No- 1825 Le vampire, ib., 1826 Un jour a Vau- ; ;
vello k Ewer).
Lampadius, F. M. B., ein cluse, ib., 1828 2 concertos for horn and or- ;
Denkmal, etc. (Leipsic, 1848, 2d ed.) do. chestra 3 quintets for flute, oboe, clarinet, ; ;
; "
MENGEWEIN
Lorn, and bassoon Quartets for Tvincl instru
;
the main his work. Fetis ; Schilling ; Ger-
ments 3 do. for born, violin, viola, and bass
; ;
ber.
3 do. for strings ; Trios for do. ; do. for flute, MENSCHEN, GLAUBT DOCH DIESER
violin,and viola Duos for horn and Larjj
;
;
GNADE, alto aria in E minor, with accom-
do., and fantaisies for horn and pianoforte ;
paniment of 2 oboi d' amore, strings com-
Many romances, with pianoforte, and in plete,and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
manuscript an overture for grand orchestra, Festo S. Joannis Bapt., Bach's cantata
many pieces for wind instruments, quintets unser Herr zum Jordan kam "Christ
and trios for horns. His brother and pupil (Bachgesellschaft, No. 7). Published sep-
Jean (born in May, 1796) was also a horn arately', with additional accompaniments by
plaj'er, pupil of Domnich at the Conserva- Robert Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).
toire of Ghent, and has published fantasias, MENTER, JOSEPH, born at Deuten-
duos, horn and orchestra or piano- kofen, near Landshut, Bavaria, Jan. 19,
etc., for
forte. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 20G.
; 1808, died in Munich, April 18, 1856. Vir-
MENGEWEIN, KARL, born at Zaunroda, tuoso on the violoncello, pupil of Moralt at
Thuringia, Sept. 9, 1852, still living, 1889. Munich, entered the orchestra of the Prince
Instrumental and vocal eomjjoser was in of Hoheuzolleru at Hechingen in 1829, and
;
1881-8G instructor at Freudeuberg's Con- the court orchestra at Munich in 1833. On

servatorium in Wiesbaden, and conductor concert tours in Germany, Austria, Belgium,
of the societj' for sacred music with Freu- Holland, and England, he won a brilliant
;
denberg founded the new Conservatorium reputation. He composed fantaisies, au-s

in Berlin, in 188G. Works : Schulmeister's varies, etc., for his instrument, with orches-
Brautfahrt, Wiesbaden, 188J:
Singspiel, tra or pianoforte. Fetis.
Dornroschen, overture Martin Luther, ; MENTI ETERNE, soprano aria of Ade-
festival cantata Eequiem Choruses for fe-
; ; laide, in B-flat minor, with accompaniment
male voices. Kiemann. of violins in unison and continue, in Han-
MENGOZZI, BERNARDO, born in Flor- del's Lotario,Act II., Scene 4. Published
ence in 1758, died in Paris in March, 1800. separately, with additional accom2)auiments
Dramatic singer and composer, pupil of by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
Pasquale Potenza in Venice appeared first ; MENUET A LA VIGANO, 12 variations
on the Italian stage sang in London in ; for the pianoforte in C, by Beethoven, com-
178G, and the following year in Paris at posed in 1795. The theme is from a min-
the concerts given by Marie Antoinette. uet in a ballet by Salvatore Vigano, first per-
He was one of the chief ornaments of the formed at the Hoftheater, Vienna, May 18,
Theatre de Monsieur, remained in the latter Published by Artaria & Co. (Vienna,
1795.
city after the Revolution, and was made j^ro- 1795). Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Beethoven
fessor of singing in the newly established Werke, Serie 12, No. 7. Thayer, Verzeich-
Conservatoire. Works Operas Gli schi- niss, 15
: Thayer, Beethoven, i. 297. ;
avi per amore, L' isola disabitata, Paris, MEPHISTO WALZER. See Zicei Szenen
1790; Les deux vizirs, ib. Aujourd'hui, aus Lenau's Faust.
;
Isabelle de Salisbury, ib., 1791 Le tableau ;MERBECKE, JOHN, English composer

parlant, ib., 1792 Une faute par amour,
; of the 16th century, died about 1585. Oi'-
Pourceaugnac, L'amant jaloux, Selico, La ganist of St. George's Chajiel at Windsor ;
journee de I'amour, ballet, ib., 1793 ;

Calvinist, condemned to death for heresy in
Brunei et Caroline, La dame voilee, ib., 1514, but pifirdoned. He is author of the
1799 Les habitants de Vaucluse, ib., 1800.
; Boke of Common
Praier Noted (1550 re- ;
The Methode de Chant du Conservatoire, printed, London, 1814, 1845, 1857). Part
edited after his death by Langle, is in of a mass for 5 voices, Per arma justitise,
5S9
;;
MEKCADANTE
by liim, in manuscript in Burnej's Mu- an estimation which shows quite sufiSciently
is
sical Extracts (vol. and a hymn for 3 the low condition of musical learning in
6),
voices is printed in Hawkinss History of Italy at the time. His best known, and
Music. Grove. jn-obably his best, opera is II giuramento.
MEECADANTE, (GIUSEPPE) SAVERIO Works I. Operas : L' apoteosi d' Er-
(RAEFAELE), born cole, Naples, Teatro San Carlo, Jan. 12,
at Altamura, near 1819 (?) ; Violeuza e costanza, ib., Teatro Nu-
Bari, Dec. 17, 1795, ovo, 1820 (?) ; Auacreonte in Samo, ib., San
died in Naples, Dec. Cai'lo, 1820 (?) ; Scipione in Cartagine, Eome,
18, 1870. Dramatic Ai-gentina, 1821 (?) Maria Stuarda, Bolo- ;
composer, illegiti- gna, Teatro Communale, 1821 (?) Elisa e ;
mate son of one Claudio, Milan, La Scala, Oct. 80, 1821

Giuseppe erca- M H posto abbandonato, ib., 1821 (?) ; Gli
dante and a servant- Sciti, Naples, San Carlo, 1822 (?) ; Alfonso
girl, Eosa Bia. He ed Elisa, Mantua, 1822 (?) ; Didone abban-
entered in 1809 the douata, 2 acts, Turin, 1822 (?) Adele ed
;
Collegio di San Se- Emerico, Milan, La Scala, Sept. 21, 1822 ;
bastiano, Naples, of which Zingarelli was Androuico, Venice, Teatro della Fenice,
then director, where he studied the violin, 1822 (?) Costanza ed Almerika, Naples,;
flute, and comj)osition, and afterwards be- 1822 or 1823 (?) Gli amici di Siracusa, ;
came leader in the orchestra. He was dis- Eome, 1822 or 1823 (?) Nitocri, Turin, Tea- ;
missed for some unknown reason, and, try- tro Eegio, 1824 (?) Dorilice, Vienna, 1824 ;
ing dramatic composition for a living, (?) Le nozze di Telemaco ed Autiope, ib.,
;
brought out in 1818 a cantata at the Teatro 1824 (?) II jjodesta di Burgos, ossia il signor
;
del Fondo. His reputation in Italy was del villaggio, ib., 1824 (?) Ipermedra, Na- ;
firmly established by his Elisa e Claudio ples, 1824 (?) H geloso ravveduto, Eome, ;
(Milan, 1822), and confirmed in Vienna in 1824 (?) Caritea, regina di Spagna (Donna
;
1824. In 1827 he went to Madrid, and in Caritea), Venice, 1826 (?) Amleto, Milan, ;
1829 to Cadiz, returning to Naples in 1831. La Scala, Dec. 26, 1826 Erode, Venice, 1826 ;
In 1833 he succeeded Gcuerali as maestro or 1827 Ezio, Turin, Teatro Eegio,

(?) ;
di cappella at the Cathedral of Novara. In 1827 (?) montauaro, Milan, La Scala,

; II
1886 he went to Paris to sujjerintend the April 16, 1827 I due Figaro, jMadrid, ;
performance of his I briganti. In his I 1827 (?) Pietro il Grande, Lisbon, Dec.
;
due illustri rivali (Barcelona, 1846) he be- 17, 1827 (?) Adriano in Siria, ib., Feb. 28,
;
gan to employ the brass instruments in a 1828 (?) Fraucesca da Eimini, Madrid,
;
way which set the fashion for the abuse of 1828 (?) La testa di bronzo, Lisbon, 1829
; ;
the cornet which infested Italian comisosi- La rappresaglia, Cadiz, 1829 (?) Don Chi- ;
tion for many years afterwards. In 1840 he sciotte, farsa, ib., 1829 (?) Zaira, Naples, ;
was made director of the Najjles Conserva- San Carlo, August, 1831 Gabriella di Ver- ;
torio he was also member of the Institut

; gy, Genoa, Teatro Cario Felice, 1832 (?)
de France. He had lost an eye at Novara, Ismalia, ossia amor e morte, Milan, La
but kept on composing by dictation. He Scala, Oct. 27, 1882 I Normanni a Parigi, ;
became wholly blind in 1862. Mercadaute 4 acts, Turin, Teatro Eegio, 1882 (?) E ;
was one of the most noteworthy opera com- conte d' Essex, 3 acts, Milan, La Scala,
posers of the Eossiui school, and should be ]\Iarch 10, 1883 ; Emma d' Antiochia, Venice,
ranked next to Bellini and Donizetti. In Teatro Fenice, 1834 (?) ; Uggero il Danese,
Italy he was long regarded as the most Bergamo, 1834 ; La gioventh d' Eurico V.,
learned of contemijorary Italian composers. Milan, La Scala, Nov. 25, 1834 ;
Francesca
560
MERCIIANT
Donato, ossia, Corinto distrutta, 3 acts, Tu- IV. Orchestral 3 Siufouie caratteristiche :
riu, Teatro Kegio, 183.5 I hriganti, Paris, (concert overtures) for grand orchestra, the
;
Th('atre Italien, March 22, 183G II giura- third being entitled Lo zamjwgnaro II ; ;
mento, 3 acts, Milan, La Seala, March 11, campo dei Crociati, o la schiava saracena,
1837 ; I due
Venice, Teatro
ilhistri rivali, do. ; L' insurrezione j)olacca, do. ; II lamen-
Fenice, 1838 Elena da Feltre, Naples,
(?) ; to deir Arabo, do. ; La religione, do., La
San Carlo, Januarj', 1839 II bravo, Milan, rimembranza, do. Sinfonia (overture) on
; ;
La Scala, March 9, 1839 La solitaria delle themes from Rossini's Stabat Mater Sin-
;
;
Asturie, ossia la Spagna ricuperata, Venice, fonia funebre Omaggio a Donizetti, do. ;
;
Teatro Feuice, 1840 (?) La vestale, Naples, Omaggio a Bellini, do., 1860; Omaggio a
;
San Carlo, 1840 (?); 11 proscritto, ib., ib., Rossini, do., 1868 Omaggio a Pacini, do., ;
1842 (?) II reggente, Genoa, Teatro Carlo 1868 II lamento del bardo, do., 1862
;
; ;
Felice, 1814 (?) Leonora, Naj^les, San Carlo, Sinfonia dedicated to Rossini, 1866
; Sin- ;
Decembei', 1844 (?) H vascello di Gama, fonia-marciata, on the birth of the Prince
;
ib., 1845 Orazii e Curiazii, ib., Nov. 10, of Naples

; 2 Sinfonia caratteristiche on ;
184G La schiava saraceua, Milan, La Scala, popular Si)anish melodies 3 divertimenti

; ;
Dec. 2G, 1848 Medea, Naples, San Carlo, for orchestra

; La malinconia, concert ma- ;
1851 (?) Violetta, Naples, Teatro Nuovo, zurka for do. Several fantasias on operas
; ;
1852 Statira, Naples, San Carlo, 1853 (?)

; for various instruments and orchestra ; ;
Pelagio, ib., 1857 (?) Virginia, 4 acts, ib., Several smaller pieces of chamber mu-
;
April 7, 1866. sic for various instruments, Mercadante

n. Church music : Le sette parole di Nos-
tro Siguore, 4 voices, chorus, and strings ;
About 20 masses, either with organ or or-

chestra Inno alia Vergine Immacolata, 5
;
voices and orchestra Inno funebre, in ;
memory of Mgr. Somma, 4 voices and or-

chestra Inno a Pio IX., 5 voices and
;
orchestra Un sospiro sulla tomba del Mgr. also published a Breve cenno storico sulla
;
Scotti, do. Christus and Miserere, 4 voices musica teatrale, da Pergolesi a Cimarosa
;
alia Palestrina Domiuus a dextris, chorus (no name nor date). Fetis do.. Supple-
;
;
and orchestra De profundis, 4 voices and ment Gazzetta musicale, Milan, June 18,
; ;
orchestra Several Tantum ergo, j)salms, July 16 and 30, Aug. 13, Sept. 17, 1876
; ;
motets, antijihons, Te Deum, Magnificat, Florimo, Cenno storico sulla scuola musi-
etc. cale di Napoli.
m. Secular cantatas, Cantata in MERCHANT OF VENICE, THE, over- etc. :
honour of Don Carlos IV., ex-King of Spain, ture to Shakespeare's drama, by George
Naples, San Carlo, 1818 La danza augu- Alexander Macfarren. ;
rale, cantata for the accession of Francesco MERCHANT OF VENICE, THE, music
n., ib., 1859 Inno all' onore di Vittorio to Shakespeare's drama, by Arthur Sulli-
;
Eiiimanuele, ro d' Inno guer- Italia, 1860 ;

van, first given at the Prince's Theatre,
resco, dedicated to Garibaldi, Inno 1861 ;
Manchester, Sept. 18, 1871. Published by
popolare, dedicated to Dante, 1863 Inno ; Cramer & Co. (London, 1873).
air Armonia, for the first Musical Congress MERCURY, Symphony in E-flat, by
at Naples, 1864 Inno a Rossini, for the in- ;
Haydn, composed at Eszterh;iz in 1772. Its
auguration of the statue at Pesaro, 1864 ;

style resembles that of Mozart. I. Allegro ;
Many melodies, uotturni, canzoni napole- II. Adagio HI. Minuet

; ; IV. Finale.
taue, for one or more voices, solfeggi, etc. Pohl, Haydn, i. 306.
661
;
MEllEAUX
MEEEAUX, (JEAN) AMEDEE (LE tra, 1804 ; Sonatas for pianoforte and violin
EKOID DE), born in Paris in 1803, died at or flute ; Nocturne for do. Sonatas and ;
Kouen, April 25, 1874. Pianist and writer fantaisies for pianoforte. Fetis.
on music, son and pupil of Joseph Nicolas IMERIEL, PAUL, born at Mondoubleau
Mereaux, and pujîl of Eeicha in composi- (Loir-et-Cher), France, Jan. 4, 1818, still
tion travelled tlirougb France on a concert living, 1889.
;
Dramatic composer, pupil of
tour about 1830 lived in Loudon in 1832- Alessandi-o Napoleone at Lisbon, and of
;
34, and settled at Eouen about 1835, to Somma at Perpignan was chef d'orehestre ;
teach his instrument. Legion of Honour at the theatre of Amiens and other provin-
in 18G8. Madame Tardieu de Malleville cial cities, and in 1847 settled at Toulouse,
and Clara Loveday are among his pupils. He to teach, and in time became director of
was a contributor to the Journal de Ilouen the Conservatoire. Legion of Honour.
for thirty years. "Works Mass Cantatas Works :Cornelius I'argenticr, ojicra-co-
;
;
:
Choruses 5 books of jiiauoforte etudes mique, Amiens Les precieuses ridicules,

; ; ;
Other compositions, over 90 in all. He pub- do., Toulouse, 1877 L'xirmorique, grand op- ;
lished also Les clavecinistes de 1G37 a 1700 era, ib. Cain, dramatic oratorio Le Tasse, ; ;
(Paris, 1867) Varicti's litti'raires et musi- symphony.

;
"
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 211.
cales (Paris, 1878) and articles in musical
; MERK, JOSEPH, born in Vienna, March
journals.
Fi'tis; do., Sujiplement, ii. 211 15, 1795, died at Ober-Dubling, June 16,
;
Mendel, Ergiinz., 275. 1852. Virtuo.so on the violoncello, pupil of

MftKEAUX, JEAN NICOLAS LE Schindlockcr was first violoncellist at the ;
FROm DE, born in Paris in 1745, died imperial ojjera in 1818 became pi'ofessor of ;
there in 1797. Organist and dramatic com- his instrument at the Conservatorium in
poser, studied mulcr French and Italian 1823, and chamber virtuoso to the Emperor
masters, and became organist of the Church in 1834. He made concert tours in Italy and
of Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas. Works Germany. Works : Concerto, concertino,
Operas La ressource comique, ou la piece concert-pieces, fantasias, polonaises, varia-
:
a deux acteurs, given at the Couu'die Ita- tions, 20 exercises, 6 stutlies, for the vio-
lienne, 1772 Le rctour de tendresse, ib., loncello.
; Wiirzbach Fetis Eiemann ; ; ;
1774; Le duel comique (with Paisiello), ib., Schilling.

177G Laurette, ib., 1777 Alexandre aux
; CJUSTAV (ADOLPH), born
;
Indes, Opera, 1783 (Edipe et Jocaste, ib.,

; at Oberoderwitz, Sax-
1791 Fabius, ib., 1793 Les Thermopyles
; ; ony, Nov. 12, 1827,
;
Scipiou a Carthage. Samson, oratorio. Con- died in Dresden, Oct.

cert Spirituel, 1774 Esther, do., ib., 1775 ; 30, 188 5. Organist, ;
Ode on the birth of the Dauphin, ib., 1781 pupil of Jo h anil ;
Aline, reiue de Golconde, cantata. Futis

Schneider, and in coun-
;
do., Supph'iuent, ii. 92. terpoint of Julius Otto

MfiREAUX, JOSEPH NICOLAS LE also received instruc-
FROID DE, born in Paris in 17(57, died (?). tionfrom Robert Schu-
Organist and pianist, son and jjupil of the mann and from Reis-
preceding ; became professor in the royal siger. He became or-
school of singing, then professor of piano- ganist of the Waisenhauskirche, Dresden,
forte, and organist of the Protestant Temple in 1858, of the Kreuzkirche in 18G0, and of
de rOratoire. He played the organ, erected the Catholic Hofkirche in 18G4. He con-
on the Champ-de-Mars, at the feast of Feder- ducted the Dreyssig Singakademie in 18G7-
ation,July 14, 1789. Works Cantata for the 73, and became instructor at the Conser-
:
coronation of Napoleon I., with full orches- vatorium in 1861. Works 6 sonatas, 3 :
562
; : ;
MERLIN
and fugues for organ
fantasias, prelacies, ;
Merope, Queen of Messina, whose husband
Pianoforte music Songs. ; Mendel Rie- ; Cresphontes and two of her sons were mur-
mann Fetis, Supplement, ii. 211.
;
dered by Polyphontes, who wished to marry
MERLIN, romantic ojiera in three acts, her. She is delivered from his persecu-
text by Siegfried Lipiner, music by Carl tions by her son J^gyptos, who kills him.
Goldmark, first represented in Vienna, Nov. The opera was received with such enthusi-
19, 188G, with the following east asm that the Council of Ten appointed Jom-
melli director of the Scuola degi' Incurabili,
Merlin Herr "Wiukelmann.
which gave him an opportunity to begin to
Viviane Frau Materua.
write the sacred music which became tlie
KiJnig Artus Herr Somer.
chief source of his fame. Other operas,
Die Fee Morgana Frau Kaulich.
same libretto, by Francesco Gasparini, Ven-
Given at the Metropolitan Opera House, ice, 1712 Giovanni Maria Orlandini, Bo- ;
New York, Jan. 3, 188G, with Herr Alvary as logna, 1717 Luca Antonio Predieri, Flor- ;
Merlin, and Frl. Lilli Lehmann as Viviane. ence, 1718, Mantua, 1719 Pietro Torri (?), ;
Merlin, German opera, text by Ludwig Hoft- Munich, 1719 Bioni, Venice, 1728 Gia- ; ;
mann, music by Pliilipp Rtifer, given in Ber- comelli, ib., 1734 Terradeglias, Florence, ;
lin, Feb. 28, 1887. Neue Zeitschr. (1880), 1743 Paolo Scalabrini, Dresden, Jlay 25,
;
533; Signale (1886), 1089, 1121 Krehbicl, 1747 Gregorio Sciroli, three acts, Naples,
; ;
Review (188G-87), 79. 1751 David Perez, Genoa, 1751 Scarlatti,

; ;
IMERMET, AUGUSTE, born about 1815, Naples, 1755 Karl Heinrich Graun, Berlin,
;
still living, 1889. 1756 ; Gassmann, Italy, 1759 Gaetano La- ;
Dramatic composer tilla, Venice, 1763 1768 ; Borghi, Rome, ;
son of a French gen- Sala, Naples, 1769 Mysliweczek, 1775 Na- ; ;
eral, he renounced the solini, Venice, 1795 Bianchi, London, 1799 ; ;
military profession to Poissl, with portions of Nasolini's music

devote himself to mu- retained, Munich, 1810 Marcos Portugal, ;
sic, studied the flute, Rio de .laneiro, Nov. 8, 1817, Lisbon, May
and later composition 13, 1819 Pacini, text by Canimarano, Na-
;
u n d e r Lesueur and ples, 1846 and a ballet by Luigi Slaria

;
Halevy. He waited Viviani and Giacorao Panizza, Milan, 1832 ;
more than he succeeded

fifteen years befoi'e and by Zandomeneghi, Pesaro, 1871. Op-
in getting his opera of Roland performed, eras in German, same title, by Mangold,
but in spite of its musical mediocrity it three acts, Darmstadt, 1823 -Julius Miller, ;
was very favourably received on account of Amsterdam, 1824 H. Miihlenbruch, 1846. ;
its martial and patriotic character. A sec- Other Italian operas, of which the dates are
ond attempt in the same vein was not so not known, by Alberti Caldara Treu Fi- ; ; ;
successful, and probably his career ended nazzi Lotti

; Menaghetti Porta ; Vinci ; ; ;
with Jeanne d'Arc. Legion of Honour in and Vivaldi.

1865. Works Operas La banniere du: MERRY WAR, THE. See Ln><tigr Krieg.
roi, Versailles David, Paris, 1840 Roland
; MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR, THE,
;
a Roncevaux, ib., 1864 Jeanne d'Ai-c, ib., music to Shakespeare's play by Arthur Sul-
;
1876 Pierrot pendu, opera-bouffe, never livan, first performed at the Gaiety Theatre,
;
performed.
Fetis, Supplement, ii. 212 London, Dec. 19, 1874. It was given at
;
Bitard, 900 Larousse.

; the Crystal Palace, Loudon, April 12, 1884.
MEROPE, Italian opera, text by Zeno, I. Prelude and dance of the Fairies (in E)
music bj' Niccolo .Jommelli, first represented n. Song, " Love laid his sleepless head,"
in Venice in 1742. The subject is that of words by Swinburne IH. Melodrama, song
|
;
663
;
MERRY
and chorus, " Fairies black, gray, green, year he also set up as a music publisher,
and white " (in C minor) IV. Dance, Alle- an enterprise which he abandoned in 15(i9
; ;
gro vivace (in G) V. Dance and chorus. Betanio was his partner for a short time.
;
Allegro vivace (in E). Published bj' Metz- In 1584 he went to Mantua, and in May,
ler & Co. (London, 1879).
Athenteum 1586, was called to Parma by the Duke
(1874), ii. 725. Ranuccio Farnese as organist of the ducal
IMERIIY WIVES OF WINDSOR, THE, La Steccata. He was knighted by
chajiel,
opera. See LuMigen Weiber von Windsor. the duke, and held his post at La Steccata
MERTENS, JOSEPH, born at Antwerp, until liis death. His grave is next to that
Feb. 17, 1834, still living, 188S). Dramatic of Cipriano de Rore, near the altar of Sta.
composer was first violin at the royal the- Agata in the Parma Cathedral. As a com-
;
atre in Antwerp, and became professor at poser of masses, motets, canzoni alia fran-
the Conservatoire. His Flemish operas, and madrigals, Merulo was very pro- cese,
mostly in one act, found great favour with and his compostions in this field show lific ;
his countrymen. Works De Yrijer in de marks of well-developed Venetian art. But

:
strop, Antwerp, 1S6G De Yergissing, ib.,his chief fame rests upon his organ works,
;
1869 L'c'goTste, ib., 1873

; Thecla, ib., which show decided genius when compared
;
1874 Liederik I'intendant, ib., 1875 De

; with similar compositions by the earlier ;
zwarte Kapiteiu, The Hague, 1877 Les German organists. Both as organist and
;
trois ctudiants Le vin, le jeu at le tabac organ writer he was the greatest forerunner
; ;
Le capitaine Robert Les evincces L'An- of the Gabrielis and of Frescobaldi. Pub-
; ;
gelus, oratorio, Boom, 18G7 lustiiimental lished works II primo libro de' madrigali a
; :

music Saci'ed choruses, romances, etc. Fc- cinque voci, etc. (Venice, Merulo & Betanio,
;
tis. Supplement, ii. 213 Riemann. 15GG other eds., 1579, 158G) Liber pri-
; ; ;
MERTKE, EDU.mD, born in Riga in mus sacrarum cantionum quinque vocuni,

1S33, still living, 1889. Pianist ; made ex- etc. Gardano, 1578) Liber secundus,
(ib., ;
tensive concert tours in 1850, then lived as do. (ib., II primo libro de' Madrigali
1578) ;
teacher of his instrument at Wessorling, a quattro voci, etc. (ib., 1579) Di Claudio ;
and from
Alsace, at Lucerne, Switzerland, ^Merulo il primo libro de' Madri-
. . .
18G5 at Mannheim, whence he was called gali a tre voci, etc. (ib., 1580 another ed., ;
to Cologne in 18G9 as professor at the Milan, 158G) Di Claudio Merulo ; . . .
Conservatorium. Works : Lisa, oder die il primo libro de' Motetti a sei voci, etc.
Sprache des Herzens, opera, given at Mann- (Venice, Gardano, 1583 2d ed., ib., 1595) ;
heim, 1872 Des Liedes Verklilrung, can- do., il secondo Ubro (ib., 1593) Toccate
; ;
tata; Collection of Russian folk-songs Pi- d' intavolatura d' organo libro
; . . .
anoforte music. Riemann. primo (Rome, Simone Yerovio, n. d.) Di ;
MERULO, CLAUDIO (Claudio da Cor- Claudio Merulo il secondo libro . . .
reggio the original form of the surname de' Madrigali a cinque voci, etc. (Venice,
;
was !Merlotti), born at Correggio, Ajn-il 7, Gardano, 1G04) Toccate d' intavolatura d' ;
1533, died in Parm.a, May 4, 1G04. He organo libro secondo (Rome, Ve- . . .
received his musical education jsrobably rovio, 1G04) Ivicercari d' intavolatura d' ;
at Venice or at Brescia. He was aj)point- organo libro primo (Venice, Gar- . . .
ed organist at Brescia, Sejjt. 17, 155G dano, 1G05) 11 terzo libro de' Motetti a ; ;
chosen organist at the second organ at S. sei voci (ib., IGOG) Ricercari da cantare a ;
Marco, Venice, July 2, 1557, defeating nine quattro voci libro secondo (ib., . . .
other candidates for the post and was 1G07) do., libro terzo (ib., 1608) Claudii
; ; ;
promoted to the first organ, succeeding An- Meruli Corrigieusis Missas duo cum octo
nibalo Padovano, Sejit. 30, 15GG. In this et duodecim vocibus conciunendoe, additseq.
MESSA
Litaniffi Bcatre Mariiie Virginia octo Yociim but first performed at the Invalides, Dec.
. . . cum parte organica (ib., 1G09)
1837, at the solemn service for General
; 5,
Canzoni alia francese. Merulo wrote part Danremont and the French soldiers who fell
of the music for tlie wedding of Francesco at the siege of Constantina in Algiers. This
de' Medici and Bianca Capello in 1570, Requiem is the largest orchestra] score in ex-
but it was never published. Ambros, iii. istence, being written for chorus, one prin-
518 Grove, ii. 314 Fetis, vi. 193.
; ; cipal orchestra, four small supplementary
MESSA DI PAPA JIARCELLO. See orchestras of brass instruments, and an inde-
Jliaxa Pap;i3 Marcelli. pendent baud of instruments of percussion.
MESSA PER I DEFONTI. See Re- It is almost exclusively choral, there being-
quiem. only one solo (for tenor), in the Sanctus.

MESSAGER, ANDRE, French organist, The etiect of the brass instruments in the
contemporary. Pupil of Saiut-Sai'^ns at Tuba mirum may have been suggested by
the Ecole de Musique Religieuse in Paris ;
the corresponding passage in Gossec's Re-
is now organist at the Church of Saint- quiem, and has certainly been imitated by
Paul. Works La fauvette du temple, Verdi in his Manzoni Requiem. Published
:
comic opera, Paris, Folies Dramatiquos, in full score by Schlesiuger, Paris 2d ed. ;
1885 ; Le bourgeois de Calais, do., ib., by Ricordi, Milan. Important changes, by

1887 ; Isline, fairy opera, ib., The:iti-e de la the composer, are introduced in the second
Renaissance, 1888 ; Symphony (1st prize, edition, especially in the Dies irro and Rex
Societe des Compositeurs, 187(3), Concerts tremendte. The pianoforte score, arrangetl
du Chatelet, 1878 ; Don Juan et Haydee, by Dr. Leopold Damroscli (New York,
cantata. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 214. Schirmer), was evidently prejâred from the
MESSE DES MORTS. See Requiem. first edition, up to the Hostias, and only
MESSE DES MORTS (Requiem), by from this point on, from the second. Fii-st
Gossec, jjublished in 1700, and given in given in America by Dr. Damrosch in New
that year in the Church of Saint- Roch in York at the May Festival in the 7th Regi-
Paris. This monumental work was the ment Armory, May, 1881 in Boston, by ;
foundation of the composer's fame. Com-

in the the Cecilia (B. J. Lang, conductor)
ing out from SaintRoch after the j)erform- Music Hall, Feb. 12, 1882. Jullien, Beriioz,
ance, Philidor said that he would give all 100 Beriioz, Memoires, 19G Boston Tran- ; ;
his own works to have written it. The script, Feb. 9, 1882.
Tuba mirum, accompanied by one orchestra, MESSIAH, THE, oratorio in three parts,
and by another of wind
inside the church, text arranged by Charles Jennens, from the
instruments, hidden outside, was especially Bible, music by Handel, first performed in
admired for its mysterious grandeur and the Music Hall, Fishamble Street, Dublin,
the novelty of its effect. The engraved April 13, 1742. It was given for charity.
plates of the score were stolen and melted The solo singers were Signora Avolio (S.),
down, probably during the Revolution. Mrs. Gibber (A.), Church (T.), and Rosein-
Grove, i. Cll. grave (B.). Handel's friend, Matthew Du-
]\tESSE DES MORTS, GRANDE (Requi- bourg, was leading first violin, and Maclaine
em), by Hector Berlioz, opus 5, often known the organist. This oratorio was received
inFrance as Le Requiem du general Danre- with immense enthusiasm in Dublin, where
mont written in 1837 (the MS. in the li-
; it was repeated, " with concertos on the
brary of the Paris Conservatoire is dated organ," June 3, 1742. The Messiah was
June 20), by order of M. de Gasparin, Min- first performed in England at Covent Gar-
ister of the Interior, for a ceremony in mem- den, London, March 13, 1743. It was given
ory of the victims of the Revolution of July, thirty-four times during Handel's life, eleven
66S
!
MESSIAH
times for charity. Handel iierformecl it an- violins, 47 second violins, 2G vio-
first
nually, aud sometimes twice a year, from 21 violoncellos, 15 double-basses, 2G

las,
1750 till 1758 in the chapel of the bassoons, 1 double-bassoon, 26 oboes, G

Foundling Hospital for the benefit of that flutes, 12 trumpets, G trombones, 12 horns,
charity, aud conducted it at Coveut Gar- aud 4 drums. The chorus contained two
hundred and sixty-seven voices. Joah
Bates conducted at the organ, and the
solo singers were Mme llara. Miss Har-
wood, ]\Iiss Cantelo, Miss Abrahms, j\Iiss
Theodosia Abrahms, Sig. Bartoliui, so-
pranos Eev. Mr. Clerk, Dyne, and Kuy-
;
vett, altos Harrison, Norris, and Corfe,

;
tenors aud Bellamy Campness, Reinhold,

;
Matthews, and Tasca, bassos. From 1791 to

18G1 The Messiah was given every Christ-
mas hj the Ciocilian Society, and first by
the Sacred Harmouic Society at Exeter
Hall, Dee. 20, 183G. It was performed at
the Handel Centenary Festival, Crystal
Palace, June 20, 1859, with a chorus of
twenty-seven hundred under the direction
of Sir Michael Costa, by whom the scoring
was stjenjithened. The solos were Mme
Clara Novello.
den, April G, 1759, eight days before his

death. This, the most popular of oratorios,
was written in twenty-four days. The au-
tograph MS., in Buckingham Palace, is
dated at the end of the first part, Aug. 28,

1741, at the end of the second, Sept. G,
1741, and on the last page, Sept. 12, 1741.

It contains an overture, the Pifa or Pasloral
Symphony, twenty-one choruses, including
the JTaUt'lujah and the great Amen fugue,
sixteen arias, one duet, and thirteen recita-
tives. Four of the choruses, " His yoke is
easy," "For unto us a child is born," " And
He "All we like sheep,"
shall purify," and,
were taken from two of Handel's Italian j Sims Reeves
CJiamber duets, composed a month earlier.
The first great performance of the Messiah Clara Novello (S.), ]\riss Dolby (A.), Sims
took place at the Handel Commemora- Reeves (T.), and Sig. Belletti (B.), and it has
tion, Westminster Abbey, May 29 and June since been repeated trieunially at the Crys-
3, 1784. The orchestra cousisted of 48 tal Palace. This oratorio is jjerformed sev-
566
;
MESTEINO
oral times annually in London, and liokls and the first edition with harpsichord ac-
the place of honour at the provincial musi- companiment was printed by Harrison. The
cal festivals of England. Its first perform- Messiah was published by Trautwein (Ber-
ance in Germany, in the Universitiltkirche, lin, 1835) and by Cranz (Hamburg, 1842).
Leipsic, in 1788, was due to Johann Adam The score was edited by Dr. Rimbault for
Hiller. Itwas first given in Berlin, April the Handel Society of England (Cramer &
25, 1804, and in Vienna, March 30, 180C. Co., London, 1850). A photo-lithograph of
It was first sung in America by the Handel the autograph in Buckingham Palace was
and Haydn Society of Boston in 1818, and published by the Sacred Harmonic Society
first in New York bj' the Sacred Music So- (Novello, Ewer & Co., London, 18C8).
ciety, iu St. Paul's Chapel, Nov. 18, 1831. It The so-called Mozart score is published by
is performed in New York every Christmas, Peters (Leipsic). Franz's score, based upon
by the Oratorio Society. In 1789 Mozart Mozart's, was published by Kistner (Leip-
out the score with additional
IJartially filled sic, 1884). Rockstro, Handel, 227 Schojl- ;
accompaniments, but there is strong evi- cher, Handel, 240 ; Marshall, Handel, 111 ;
dence that the so-called "Mozart score," as Townsend, An Account of Handel's Visit to
it is published, is a compilation, and con- Dublin Hawkins, v. 358 Burney, iv. G61
; ;
tains not a few additions that were not Burney, Commemoration Bitter, Geschichte ;
made by Mozart. But even in this score des Oratoriums, 298 Grove, i. 31, 653 ii. ; ;
the additional accompaniments are incom- 315, 546 iii. 527 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., v.
; ;
plete, although it is the one from which 14, 43, 58, 89 ix. 476 xix. 363 xxis. ; ; ;
the oratorio is usually performed. It was 558 Neue Zeitschr., vii. 167 Athenajum
; ;
first sung with Eobert Franz's complete (1859), i. 849 (1885), ii. 311 Notes and ; ;
additional accompaniments at the Birming- Queries (1859), i. 289, 370 Mus. Wochen- ;
ham (England) Festival, Aug. 27, 1885. blatt (1881), 321, 333, 345, 369, 377, 389,
The authorities for the different publi- 401, 505, 517 (1884), 560 Siguale (1885), ; ;
cations of The Messiah are (1) The 33

: Upton, Standard Oratorios, 140.
;
autograph score, (2) sketches iu Handel's MESTRINO, NICCOLo, born in Milan

handwriting, and (3) a folio conducting in 1748, died iu Paris, September, 1790.
score, all in Buckingham Palace (4) con- Violinist, first musician to Prince Eszter-
;
ducting score known as the Dublin MS. hazy, then to Count Erdody, in Hungary.
iu Smith's autograph with annotations by In 1786 he settled iu Paris, after having
Handel, in the Rev. Sir Frederick Gore performed with great success one of his
Ouseley's collection and three conducting concertos at the Concerts Spirituels was
; ;
scores transcribed by Smith, (1) bequeathed much sought as an instructor, and in 1789
by Handel to the Foundling Hospital, (2) appointed chef d'orchestre at the then
in the Schcelcher collection iu Handjurg, and recently established Italian Opera. Works :
(3) Henry Barrett Leonard's collection 12 concertos for violin and orchestra Duos
in ;
in Hampstead, England. The Slessiah was for violins Sonatas for violin and bass ; ;
not published during Handel's life. The Etutles et caprices for violin. Fetis Men- ;
airs and one duet were included iu Walsh's del Riemauu Schilling. ; ;
collection of " Handel's

Songs selected METHFESSEL, ALBERT GOTTLIEB,
from his Oratorios " (Loudon, 1749-59). born at Stadtilm, Thuringia, Oct. 6, 1785,
The first collection of " Songs in the Mes- died at Heckenbeck, near Gandersheim,
siah " was printed by Walsh in 17G3 the ; March 23, 1869. Vocal comiooser.chamber
first complete edition by his successors, musician at the court of Eudolstadt in 1810 ;
Wright, Randall, and Abell (London, 1768). became music director at Hamburg in 1822,
An early edition was published by Arnold, and was court Kapellmeister at Brunswick
667
;
;
MfiTllA
in 1832-42. His songs were very popular tienne, 1877 Other ballets, tlie most im- ;
aud are still sung among German students. portant being Yedda, Paris, 1879. Fetis,
Works Der Priuz Supplement, ii. 214 Riemann.
: ;
von Basra, oj)era METTENLEITER, JOHANN GEORG,

;
Das befreite Jeru- born at St. Ulrich, near Ulm, April G, 1812,
salem, oratorio died in Ratisbon, Oct. G, 1858. Church com-
;
Liederbucli Lic- poser studied music at Uhn and Augsburg,

; ;
derkranz Other then settled at Ratisbon as chou-master and

;
collections of songs organist of the cathedral. He was one of

Pianoforte sonatas the most learned scholars in church music.
Waltzes aud other Works Enchiridion chorale (1855) Manu- : ;
dance music. His ale breve cantiouum (1852) Psalm XCV ;
brother Friedrich for 6 male voices (1854) Several masses ; ;
(1771-1807) also published 14 collections Stabat ]\Iater 2 Miserere De profundis, ; ;
of songs, aud left an unfiuished opera, Doc- l^salms, Pange lingua, and other church mu-
tor Faust. Riemaini Ft'tis Schilling.
; sic Ave Maria, for double chorus Lied,
; ; ;
METRA, (JULES LOUIS) 0LIVH511, by Saiihir, Die Riickkehr des

for do. ;
born in Reims, Slingers, chorus for men's voices with or-

Juno 2, 1830, still chestra Concerto for pianoforte and strings
;
;
living, 1889. Com- Choruses Songs. Allgem. d. Biogr., xxi.

;
poser of dance mu- 525 Fetis Mendel
; Riemann Dr. Do-
; ; ;
sic ; the son of an menicus Mettenleiter, Ein Kiinstlcrbild.

actor, he played METZDORFF, RICHARD, born in Dant-
juvenile parts for zic, June 28, 1844, still living, 1889. In-
some time, then re- strumental and vocal composer, pujjil in
ceived music lea- Berlin of Fl. Geyer, Dehu, aud Kiel, later
sons from Eduiond Kapellmeister successively of several thea-
Roche, and was at- tre orchestras. Works Rosamunda, comic :
tached to the orchestra of several small opera, given in Weimar, 187G 2 sj'mpho- ;
theatres of Paris. He studied harmony at nies Overture to King Lear Frau Alice, ; ;
the Conservatoire under Ehvart, and com- ballad for contralto, chorus, and orchestra ;
position under Ambroise Thomas

became Phantasiestiick for orchestra Trios for pi-
; ;
orchestra conductor successively of the anoforte and strings Quintet for do. ; ;
Theatre Beaumarchais, The Bal Robert, Ma- Sonatas and other 2)ieces for jjianoforte ;
bille. Chateau des Fleurs, AtlK'nee Musical, Several collections of songs. Fetis, Sup-
Elysee Montmartre, Casino Cadet, and The plement, ii. 215 Riemann. ;
Bal Frascati conducted at the masked balls

; MEYER, LEOPOLD DE, born at
of the Opera Coniique, and for several years Baden, near Vienna, Dec. 20, 181G, died in
the orchestra of the Folies Bergere, after- Dresden, March 5, 1883. Pianist, pupil of
wards the balls of the Opera. His dance Czerny and Fischhof made his first con- ;
music is very popular. Wôrks Waltzes, in- : cert tour in 1835, and after that travelled
cluding Li vague, and Les roses; Polkas, through Europe. He lived some time in
mazurkas, quadrilles, aud other dance mu- Constantinople, was in America in 1845-47,
sic 34 operettas and ballet-divertissemeuts,
; and in 18G7-68 settled in Vienna. His
performed at the Folies Bergere, including execution was brilliant, but lacking in
Le valet de chambre de Madame, 1872 ;
taste. Ignorant of classical music, he
Champagne-ballet, 1873 Un jour d'orage, ; played almost entirely his own composi-
1874 Les fauues, 187G
; Uue nuit voni- ; tions. Works : Fantasias ; Caprices ; Va-
D63
;
MEYERBEER
riiitioiis Nocturnes Waltzes ami a Marche servilely to imitate that master. His suc-
; ; ;
marocaine.
The Biography of Leopokl ile cess with the Italian public was immediate.
Meyer, etc. (Loiuloii, IS-lo) ; AVurzbach In 1823 he returned to Berlin to try to bring
Fotis Hauslick, Concertweseu iu Wien, ii. about a performance of a German opera. Das
;
1G3. Brandenburger Thor, but did not succeed

MEYERBEER, (Jakob Meyer Boer, in having it given. His friends, among
Iniowu as) GIACO- them Carl Maria von Weber, were anxious
MO, born in Ber- that he should abandon his Italian style,
lin, Sei^t. 5, 1791 or with which he him.self had become dissatis-
1794, died in Paris. fied. In 1824 his Crociato in Egitto, the
May 2, 18G1. The' last and best of his operas in the Rossini
family was Jewisli ; vein, made a furore in Venice. In 182G be

Iiis father, Herz went to Paris to see its first performance
Beer, born in Frank- there he stopped composing for a time,
;
f o r t-o u-t h e-M a i u, and devoted himself to a thorough study of

was a rich Berlin French charactei', history, aud art. A visit
banker his mother,
; to Berlin, where his father died, his mar-
born Anialie Wiilf, riage, and the loss of two children kept
^vas a woman of rare cultivation and intellect. him out of public life. But he was prepar-
He was the eldest son and the only musical ing for great things the new path into
;
member of the immediate famih', although which French grand-opera had been led by
two of his brothers rose to distinction, Auber's Muette de Portici and Rossini's
Wilhelm as astronomer and Michael as poet. Guillaume Tell, the new development of
As a young boy he studied the pianoforte orchestral writing at the hands of Berlioz,
under Lauska and Clementi, played in gave him hints of the possibility of a new
public at the age of seven, and was soon operatic style. Robert le Diable (1831), tlie
considered one of the best pianists iu Ber- first work iu Meyerbeer's later, or great
lin. He began to study harmony and manner, began a new era in French opera.
counterpoint under Zelter, but, finding the In 183G it was followed by Les Huguenots.
drill unbearably severe, he soon left him In 1838 ho set to work upon L'Africaiue.
for Anselm Weber. In 1810 ho went to A quarrel with Scribe, author of the text,
Darmstadt to study under the Abbe Vogler, brought about by Mej-erbeer's continual
in whose house be lived two years. During demands for changes, ended in Scribe's
this period he wrote several choral works and withdrawing the libretto altogether. Mej--
two unsuccessful operas. About 1812 he erbeer, however, immediately went to work
went to Vienna to appear as a pianist, but, on Le Prophete, which was finished in a
hearing Hummel play on the evening of year (1842-43). He was now appointed
his arrival, he felt dissatisfied with his own Kapellmeister to the King of Prussia, aud
powers, and immediately devoted several spent much of his time in Berlin, where he
mouths to hard technical jn-actice. When brought out his Feldlager iu Schlesieu
he did appear in public, his success was (1844) and Weber's Euryanthe. He also
immense. But his ambition was to make introduced Jenny Lind to the Berlin pub-
a mark as a composer, and on the failure of lic. In 1847 he made visits to Vienna and
his operetta, Die zwei Cadis, in 1814, he London, and on his return to Berlin he
went to Italy by Salieri's advice to study mounted Wagner's Rieuzi. In 1849 he re-
vocal writing. In 1815 he was in Venice, turned to Paris to bring out his Prophete,
where Rossini's Tancredi made such an which had been waiting six years. His
impression upon him that he began rather health was now beginning to fail, and he
009
; ;:;
;
MEYEIIBEER
was accustomed to pass every autuimi at Padua, .July 10, 1815 Scmiramide riconosci- ;
Spa. Hecontinued living alternately in uta, Turin, 1819 i^nnnadillesburgo, Venice, ;
Berlin and Paris, always bringing out bis 1819 Margherila d' Anjou, Milan, Nov. 1-4,
;
operas in the latter city (LY'toile du Nord, 1820 L' esule di Grauata, Milan, March
;
1854, Le pardon de PloOrmel, 1859). He 12, 1822 Das Brandenburger Thor, Beriin,
;
had long since, even before the production 1823 ; II Crocialo in Egitto, Venice, 1824
of the Prophi'te,resumed work upon L'Afri- lloberl le Diable, Paris, Nov. 21, 1831 Les ;
caiue, and the opera was fiuished (all but Huguenots, Paris, Feb. 29, 183G Eiu Fdd- ;
the last touches) and in rehearsal when lie lagcr in Schlesien, Berlin, Dec. 7, 1844
died. Although a German by birth and Struensee (overture and entr'actes), Berlin,
education, Meyerbeer, as a composer, be- Sept. 21, 1846 Le prophcte, Paris, April ;
longs properly to the French school ever IG, 1840 L'ctoile du Nord, Paris, Feb. IG,
; ;
since Robert he has been the representative 1854 Le jmrdon de Ploormel (Dinorah),
;
man in the field of French grand-opera. Paris, June 2, 1850 Afrkaine, Paris, ; U
He was, in a manner, unique ; his orig- April 28, 18G4.
inality showed itself rather in a daring n. Oratorios, cantatas, and vocal music
eclecticism than in the creation of new Gott und die Natur, oratorio, Berlin, 1811
musical forms. But he certainly originated 7 sacred cantatas of Klopstock, for 4 voices
a new manner. He was a master of dra- without accompaniment An Gott, hymn ;
matic ellect indeed, he was wiUiug to sacri- by Gubitz, 4 voices Le Genie de la INIu-
; ;
fice everything to efi"ectiveness. His genius sique a la tombe de Beethoven, soli and
showed itself by a succession of brilliant chorus Cantata for 4 voices, for the inau-
;
strokes rather than by the well-sustained guration of the Gutenberg statue at Mainz ;
development of really noble musical forms. Maria und ihr Genius, do. for soli and cho-
Side by side with his grandest i)ages one rus, for the silver wedding of Prince and
constantly finds passages of ignoble triv- Princess Karl of Prussia Brautgeleite aus ;
iality and vulgarity. His influence in der Heimath, serenade for 8 voices without
France was immense, and for a long time accompaniment, for the wedding of Princess
he was looked up to there as Mendelssohn Luise of Prussia La festa uella corte di ;
was in England. He was a laboriously Ferrara Marsch der baierischen Bogen-

;
careful composer, and none of his greater schiitzen, 4 voices, male chonis, and brass
operas was reall}' fiuished until it was per- instruments Ode to Eauch, the sculptor,
;
formed. His musical learning has been and orchestra Festal Hymn,
soh, chorus, ;
much overrated in France his best orches-

;
wedding of the King of Prus-
for the silver
tral composition, the overture to Struensee, sia, 4 voices and chorus Freundschaft, ;
can bear no sort of comparison with works male quartet Psalm XCL, 8 voices a cap- ;
by the really great orchestral writers. The pella, written for the Berlin Domchor
Huguenots, especially the fourth act, is (Paris, Brandus) Pater uoster, 4 voices ;
generally considered his greatest work, and organ 12 psalms for double chorus ;
although the ultra-Meyerbeerites claim pre- (JIS.) Stabat Mater Miserere Te Deum
; ; ;
cedence for the Prophete; again, Itobert is (all in MS.) Many sougs with pianoforte in ;
the favourite with the anti-Meyerbeerites. Quarante melodies a une et plusieurs voix
I. Operas and dramatic works Jeph- (Paris, Brandus) Nebeu dir, for tenor with
: ;
tha's Geliibde, Berlin, 1811 Theveliudens violoncello obhgato Des Jilger's Lied, for
; ;
Liebe (monodrama for soprano and cho- bass with horns obligati Dichter's Wahl- ;
rus with clarinet obligate), Vienna, 1813 spruch, canon for 3 voices A Venezia, bar- ;
Wirth und Gast (Alimelek, or the Two Ca- carolle Des Schiifer's Lied, for tenor and
;
liphs), Munich, 1813 Iloniilda e Costanza, clarinet obligato

; Several other songs. ;
; ;
MfiZERAY
ni. Instrumental music 3 Fiickeltdnze founded the Socii'ti' Sainte-Cvcile in 1843.
:
for brass band, afterwards scored for or- Works Le Sicilien, ou I'amour peintre, :
chestra Grand March for the Schiller opera-comique, Strasburg, 1825 Guillaume
;
;
Centenary, 1859 Overture iu the foi-m of de Nassau, opera, The Hague, 1832 and
; ;
a march, for the opening of the London lu- other music. Fi'tis, Supplement, ii. 217 ;
Riemann ; Mendel, Ergimz., 279.

MICHAEL ANGELO, overture, by Niels
W. Gade, op. 39, dedicated to Professor A.
B. ]\Iarx. It was first performed in New
York by the Philharmonic Society, in the
season of 1873-71. Published by Kistner
(Leipsic, between 1860-67).
^^ûles.^^ MICHEL-ANGE, opera-comique in one
act, text by Delrieu, music by Nicolo Isou-
ternational Exhibition, 1862 ; Coronation ard, first represented at the Theatre Fey-
IMarch, 1863 Pieces for pianoforte, in MS.
;
11, 1802. EUeviou, Chenard,
deau, Dec.
Henri Blaze de Bury, Jleyerbeer, sa vie, Douzainville, Mme Scio-Messie, and Mme
ses ceuvres et son temps (Paris, Hengel, Saint-Aubin sang the chief parts. This was
1865) Albert de Lasalle, M., sa vie et le the first opera that attracted the attention of
;
catalogue de ses ceuvres (ib., Dentu, 1864) Paris to Nicolo. Clement et Larousse, 453.
;

Hermann Mendel, Giacomo M., eine Biogra- IVnCHELI, EOltfANO, born in Rome in
phie (Berlin, Heimann, 1868) ; do., M., sein 1575, died there about 1655. Church com-
Leben imd seine Werke (ib., Leisser, 1869) poser,pupil of Nanini and Soriano. He
Atlantic Monthly, xliv. 444 Fetis ; ; do., became a priest at Acpiileja, and while very
Supplement ; Grove ; Mendel. young travelled through Italy, to become
MKZERAY, LOUIS CHARLES LAZARE acquainted with the masters of his art
COSTARD DE, born at Brunswick, Nov. taught music for some time in Concordia,
25, 1810, died at Asnieres, near Paris, April Modena, and in 1625 was appointed maestro
1887. Dramatic composer, son of an em- di cappella of S. Lnigi de' Francesi, Rome.
])loye of the French administration, named Works : Musica vaga ed artificiosa, 50 can-
Costard, who entered France under the ons (1615) ;
Madrigali a sei voci in canoui
Restoration and took the stage name of (1G21) ;
Cauoni musicali composti sojjra le
Mezeray. At the age of fifteen he was sec- vocali di pih parole, etc. (1645) ; La potesta
ond leader of orchestra at the theatre of pontificia diritta Iclla Sanetissima Triiiita,
Strasburg, where he studied under Talliez compieta a sei voci (1616) Masses for 4 ;
and Wachenthal then became conductor

;
voices (1650) Psalms for do. (1638) ; Res- ;
at Verviers ; next at Liege of the theatre, ponsoria for 5 voices (1658). Futis ; Rie-
the Conservatoire concerts, and the Con- mann Schilling. ;
certs Gretry and in 1830 was appointed con-

;
IHDI, LE, symphony iu C, by Haydn.
ductor of the Royal Theatre at The Hague. The autograph score, preserved iu Eisen-
He went to Paris in 1833 ; studied counter- stadt, is dated Eisenstadt, 1761, with tlic
point and fugue under Reicha became superscription, " In Nomine Domini," and
;
" Laus Deo,"

conductor in Ghent, Rouen, and Marseilles after the signature the words, ;
was engaged as baritone singer at Bordeaux, Haydn's usual close. I. Adagio Allegro ;
Montpellier, Antwerp, and Nantes and n. Adagio IH. Menuetto ;

IV. Fiuale, Al- ; ;
finally was made conductor of the Grand legro. Published by Werner (Hamburg,
Thc-atre at Bordeaux in 1843, a position he 1782) by Traeg (Vienna, 1799). Pohl, j
;
occupied more than thirty years. He Haydn, i. 229, 285 Towusend, Haydn, 52. 1 ;
MIDSUMMER
mDSIBBIER NIGHTS DEEA:M, A. also liave made successes in this character,
See Sommernachtstraum. and Clara Louise Kellogg is excellent as
jVIIGNON, opora-comique iu three acts, Philine. The opera was represented in
text by Jules Barbier aud Michel C-mtO, London in Italian at Drury Lane, July 5,
after Goethe's " "Wilhelm Meister," music 1870. Published by Fiii-stner (Berlin,
bj' Ambroise Thomas, first represented at 1868).
Edwards, Lyrical Drama, ii. -ii ;
the Opera Comique, Paris, Nov. 17, ISGfi. Clement et Larousse, 738 Hauslick, Mo- ;
The scenes were suggested by Ary Schef- derne Oper, 179 Jullieu, Goethe et la mu- ;
fer's pictures. Among the favourite numbers sique, 256 Athenicum (1870), ii. 57 Wo-
; ;
are Mignon's song,

:
" Connais tu le pays oil chenblatt (1870), 131 Atlantic Monthly, ;
fleurit I'oranger?" " Li'geres

;
hiroiulelles," xxix. 635 Upton, Standard Operas, 208.
;
duet between Mignon and Lothario Wil- MIHALOVICH, ED.MUND VON, born
;
at Fericsaucze, Slavonia, Sept. 13, 1842,

still living, 1889. Pianist, studied the ele-
ments of at Pesth
music then iu 1865, at ;
Leipsic, theory under Hauptmann, and in

Munich the pianoforte under Biilow. He
belongs to the new German school of com-
posers. Works Hagbartb und Signe, ro-
:
mantic opera, Dresden, 1882 Das Geis- ;
terschiff (Strachwitz), Ballad for grand or-

chestra Hero und Leander (Schiller), do.
; ;
La ronde du Sabbat (Victor Hugo), do. ;
Die Nixe (Gyulai), do.; Funei-al IMarch, in

honour of Franz Deak, for do. Pianoforte ;
music and songs. Eiemann.

Mffi.ADO, THE, or the Town of Titipu,
comic operetta iu two acts, text by Gilbert,
music by Sullivan, first rei^resented at the
Savoy Theatre, London, March 14, 1885.
Characters represented The Mikado Ko- : ;
Ko, the Lord High Executioner Pooh-Bah, ;
a Tremendous Swell Nanki-Poo, Second ;
Sigtid Arnoldson, as Mignon, Trombone in the Titipu Town-band Ka- ;
tisha, an elderly lady of the court ;

Yum
helm Meister's "Adieu, Mignon, cou- Yum, Peep Bo, and Pitti-Sing, three young
aria,
rage ;" his duet with Mignon, " As-tu souf- The Mikado was first performed in
ladies.
fert, the berceuse, " De son
as-tu pleuro ? " ;
New York at the Fifth Avenue Theatre,
ccEur calmc la ficvi-e," sung by Lothario Aug. 19, 1885. Athentcum (1885), i. 384
j'ai ;
;
and the romance, " Elle ne croyait pas, dans London Times, March 16, 1885 New York ;
sa candour naive." Original cast

Tribune, Aug. 9, 1885 Krehbiel, Review
:
Mignon Mme Galli-Marie. (1885-86), i.
Wilhelm Meister M. Achard. MI LAGNERr) TACENDO, soprano aria

Laerte M. Couderc. of Laodice, in D minor, with accompaniment
Lothario M. Bataille. of violins in unison, and continue, in Han-
Philine Mme Cabel. del's Siroe, Act. H., Scene 1. Published
Christine Nilssou's impersonation of Mignon separately, in filled out pianoforte score by
is ideal Mme Lucca and Sigrid Arnoldson Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel).
;
;
MILAN OLLO
IVOLANOLLO, (MARIA) TERESA, born Mozart and Haydn in London, ii. 2G0 ; Up-
at Savigliauo, near Turin, Aug. 28, 1827, ton, Standard Symphonies, IGl.
still living, 1889. Violinist, pupil of Gio- MILLER, EDWARD, boru in Norwich,
vanni Ferrero and Giovanni Morra ; ap- England, in 1731,
peared in public before the age of seven, in died at Doncaster,
Paris attracted the notice of Lafout, with Sept. 12, 1807. Vir-
whom she studied and travelled. She gave tuoso on the iîano-
lessons on the violin to her younger sister forte and the flute,
Maria (1832-1848), who appeared with her and writer on music
in France, German^', Italy, and Englaiul. pupil at Lynn of
After Maria's death she travelled alone for Burney. In 17.5G he |
some years, but since her marriage with M. became organist at

Parmentier in 1857 has led a more settled Doncaster, a posi-
life. Works: Ave Maria, chorus for male tion which he filled fifty years. Mus. Doc,
quartet Fantaisie ck'giaque for violin
; 2 Cambridge, 178G. Works G solos for
; :
romances Transcrijitions and variations for German flute

; 6 sonatas for the harpsi- ;
violin and pianoforte.

Fetis do., Sujsplo- chord Elegies for voice and pianoforte
; ;
;
ment, ii. 221 Wasielewski, Die Violine, 12 songs The Psalms of David Several
; ; ;
313; Les sceurs Milauollo (Lyons, 18-47). treatises. Fetis Schilling Riemann. ; ;
MILANUZIO (Milanuzzi), 'carlo, Ital- MILLER, JULIUS, born in Dresden in

ian composer of the 17th century. He was 1782, died at Charlottenburg, April 7, 18.51.
an Augustine monk of Santa Nataglia, be- Dramatic singer and composer, mostly self-
came organist of Sau Stefano in Venice taught. In 1794 he was taken to Prague,
about 1G15, and later of Santa Eufemia in to join iu the singing at the coronation fes-
Verona. His compositions show him to have tivals, and iu 1799 he appeared as violinist
been among the distinguished Italian musi- in a concert at Halle. Having successfully
cians of his time. Works Messe couccr- made his d('but as a tenor singer at the
:
tate (Venice, 1618) Litanie della Madonna German theatre in Amsterdam, he devoted
;
(ib., 1G20) Armouia sacra di concerti, etc. himself to the stage, went first to Flensburg,
;
(ib., 1G22) Sacra cetra, concerti con affetti in 1802 to Schleswig, in 1803 to Hamburg,
;
ecclesiastiei (ib., 1G25) Ariose vaghezze and was then considered the best tenor of
;
(ib. 1G2.5) Salmi e Vesperi intieri (ib., his time. After having been a member of
;
1G28) ;Messe a tre concertate, etc. (ib., the ojêra iu Breslau, where he formed a
1C29) Compietaconcertatacou le antifonie friendship with Weber, he travelled with an
;
e litanie (ib.) Balletti, saltarelli, e corren- opera troupe in 1810-13, and was about to
;
tine alia francese Concerti sacri di salmi go to Russia when he was called to Kijnigs-
;
(ib., 1G3G) Hortus sacer deliciarum, sen berg. In 181G he sang in Berlin, Frank-
;
motetti, litanim et missa(ib., 1G3G). Fetis

fort, and Darmstadt, in 1818 in Hanover, in
;
Gerber Schilling.
; 1820 in Amsterdam. He went to Paris in
MILD UND LEISE WIE ER LA- 1827, then to Russia and the jirincipal Ger-
CHELT. See Tristan und Isolde. man cities, taught in Berlin some time, and
MILITARY SYMPHONY, in G, liy finally undertook the management of the
Haydn, first performed at Haj'dn's benefit theatre at Dessau. Reduced in circum-
concert, London, ]\Iay 2, 1794. I. Largo, stances by his disorderly life, he died iu ut-
Allegro IL Allegretto
; HI Minuet IV. ter povertj'. Works Operas Der Frei-
; ; :
Finale, Presto. No. 12 of the Salomon set, brief, given at Schleswig, Court Theatre,
Breitkopf & Hilrtel, No. 11 London Phil- 1802 Die Verwaudlung, Breslau, about
; ;
harmonic, No. 12 Peters, No. 7. Pohl, 1805

;
Julie, oder der Blumeutojjf, Ger- ;
;
MILLER'S
luany, 1810 ; Dor Kosakenofficier, Leipsic, eras : La piet;l d' amore, Naples, 1785 La ;
1813; Die Kouigsberg, 181-4;

Aljênliiitte, Zeliuda, ib., 1787 ; La nonna per far dormir
Hermauu iind Thusuekle, ib., 1815 Me- ; i bambini, ib., 1792. Three cantatas Ital- ;
rope, Germany, 1823 Michel und Hauu- ; ian ariettas and canzonets Nocturnes tor ;
chen, ib., 1835 ; Das zuriickgegebene Bou- two tenors. Fetis ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 283 ;
quet, ib., 1836 PeiTiicke und Musik, ; Schilling ; Gerber.

Dresden, 1846. Masses with grand orches- MILLOCKER, KARL, born in Vienna,
tra Motets Pater noster Cauous Con-
; ; ; ; May 29, 1842, still liv-
cert overtures ; Several collections of songs, ing, 1889. Dramatic
for 3-4 voices ; 6 songs, for 4 male voices ;
composer, pupil at the
Demande et rc'ponse, for 4 tenor and 4 bass Vienna Conservato-
voices ; Songs. FOtis ; Mendel, Ergiinz., rium ; became Kajjell-
282 ; Schilling. meister of the theatre at
anLLER'S DAUGHTER, THE, concert Gratz in 1864, and of
overture by George W. Cliadwick, first per- the Harmonictheater in
formed in San Francisco in 1888. Vienna in 1866 on the ;
MILLE\TLLE, FEANCESCO, bom in failure of that theatre,

Ferrai'a, Italy, in soon after, he went to
1565, died, probably at
Chioggia, Veuetia, after 1639.Organist to Pesth, but returned to Vienna in 1869,
the King of Poland, then to the Emperor where he has since been Kapellmeister of
Rudolph II., after whose death, in 1612, he the Theater an der Wien. His music is
returned to Italy ;in 1614 went to Rome, light and popular. For several years he also
accompanied by his former pupil Fresco- edited Miisikalische Presse, a collection of
bald At a later date he was maestro di
i. pianoforte pieces, appearing in monthly in-
cappella at the Cathedral of Volterra, and stalments. Works Operettas : Der todte
finally organist and maestro di capiDella at Gast, Gratz, 1865 Die lustigen Binder, ib.
;
the Cathedral of Chioggia. "Works 3 : Diana, Vienna, 1866 Die Fraueninsel, ;
masses for 8 voices (1617, 1626) ]\ra.ss for ; Pesth, 1867 Der Regimentstambour Ein
; ;
4 voices (1617) Masses for 3 voices and ; Abenteuer in Wien Drei Paar Schuhe ; ;
Psalms (1620) 7 books of motets for 2-G ; Die Musik des Teufels Das verwunschene ;
voices (1626) Domiue, Dixit, Magnificat,

; Schloss, Vienna, 1878 Griifin Dubarry, ;
and a motet for 9 voices (1626) Litanies ; comic opera, 1879 Die Jungfrau von Belle-
;
(1619, 1639) Concerti sjiirituali ; and ville, 1881 Der Bettelstudeut, 1882 Gas-
; ;
Gemme spirituali (1622) 6 books of mad- ; parone, Der Feldprediger, 1884 Der Vice- ;
rigals for 3-4 voices (1614-24). FOtis; Admiral, 1886. Also music for many farces.
Riemann. Fi'tis, Supplement, ii. 222 Rieniaun. ;
JHLLICO, GIUSEPPE, born at Terlizzi, MILLS, SEBASTIAN BACH, born in

Modena, in 1739, died (?). Soprano singer Cirencester, England, March 13, 1838, still
and dramatic composer Gluck, who heard ; living, 1889. Pianist, pupil on the piano-
him in Italy, thought him one of the best forte of Cipriani Potter, Sterndale Bennett,
sopranos of the time, and chose him for his Moscheles, Plaidy, Carl Mayer, and Liszt,
niece's teacher, when Millico became at- and in harmony and composition of Haupt-
tached to the court theatre of Vienna in mann, Rietz, and Richter. In 1855 he was
1772. In 1774 he went to London, then to organist of the Roman Catholic Cathedral,
Berlin, and in 1780 was in the service of Sheffield about 1857, went to America and
;
the King of Naples, where his jealousy settled in New York. In 1859, 1867, and
sometimes led him to use his great influ- 1878 he made concert tours through Ger-
ence to oppress other artists. Works Op- many, playing with success in the principal
MILTON
cities ; since 1859 he Las appeared as a York, Norwich, and other tunes, in Ravens-
concert pianist throughout North America. croffs Whole Booke of Psalmes (1621).
He is an honorary Grove.
member of the Phil- MINE, JACQUES CLAUDE ADOLPHE,
harmonic Society, born in Paris, Nov. 4, 1796, died at Char-
New York A r o u ; i tres in 1854. Organist, pupil of the Con-
Society, New York, where he studied the violoncello
servatoire,
and Toukiiustler- and harmony. He was organist of Saint-
Verein, Cologne. Roch, and taught in Paris more than twenty
Works Alpine Horn,
: years ; afterwards organist of the Cathedral
transcription ; Bar- ?^^ of Chartres. Works : Fantaisie for jjiano-
carole venitienne, op. forte and violin Nocturne for do.
; ; Fan-
12 ; 2 tarentelles, op. 13 and oj). 20 ;
taisie for pianoforte and violoncello ; Con-
Murmuring Fountain, op. 22 Recollections certo de societe, for pianoforte Trios for
;
of Home, op. 23 Fairy Fingers, op. 24 ; ;

pianoforte and strings ; Sonatas for piano-
Toujours gai, polka, op. 25 ; and other pi- forte ; Many piieces of various kind, for pi-
anoforte music. anoforte and other instruments ; Method
MILTON, French opera-comique in one for violoncello Do. for double ba.ss Livre ; ;
act, by Jouy and Dieulafoi, music by Spon- d'orgue. Fetis.

tiui, lirst represented at the Ojji'ra Co- MINOJA, AMBROGIO, born at Ospita-
mique, Paris, Nov. 27, 180-1. The score is letto, near Brescia, Italy, Oct. 21, 1752, died
dedicated to the Empress Josephine, to in Milan, Aug. 3, 1825. Dramatic and
whom Spontini was chamber composer. church composer, jjupil at Naples of Sala
Subject, Milton, blind and persecuted, takes in counterpoint. He succeeded Lampu-
refuge at the house of his friend Godwin, a gnani as accompanist at the Teatro della
Quaker. Sir William Daveuaut, drawn bj' Scala, Milan, about 1772, and went to Rome
love to Emma, appears on the scene, and in 1788, to write an opera for the Teatro
endeavours to reinstate her father in the Argentina. On his return to i\Iilan he was
favour of Charles II. The music is melodi- apjjointed maestro di cappella at the Church
ous and rich in harmony and shows the di- of the Padri della Scala, and later inspec-
rect influence of Mozart. The best num- tor of studies at the Conservatorio in Milan.
bers are Milton's hymn to the sun, and the Works Operas : Tito nelle Gallic, given in
quintet. No. 7. This opera long remained Milan, La Scala, 1787 ; Zenobia, Rome,
in the repertory of the Opera Comique. Teatro Ai'gentina, 1788. Veui Creator, and
It was well received in France, and was Te Deum, performed by two hundred and
represented in Berlin, March 21, ISOG, Ger- fifty singers in the Cathedral of Milan, at
man by Treitschkc and also in
translation ; the coronation of Napoleon I. as King of
Weimar, Dresden, and Vienna. Clement Italy ; Cantata ; De profundis, for 3 voices,
et Larousse, 455 Grove, iii. G6G.
; with orchestra ; do. for 4 voices ; Sanctus
MILTON, JOHN, English composer of for 3, Messe solennelle for 4, voices, and
the 17th century, died in London in 1616- other church music Funeral symphony ;
47. Vocal composer, father of the great and march I divertimenti della camjjagna,
;
poet, by whom his musical abilities are 4 quartets for strings Sonatas for piano- ;
celebrated in a Latin poem, Ad Patrera. forte. He published, Lettere sopra il Canto

He receivetl his musical education at Christ (1812). Fetis Mendel Riemann.
; ;
Church, Oxford. Works In nomine, in : mO BEL TESORO, soprano aria of

40 parts Fayre Oriana in the Morne, six-
; Ruggiero, in G minor, with accompaniment
part madrigal (1601) 4 motets (1614) of 2
; ;
flutes, 2 oboes, strings complete, and
; ;
MIO
continuo, iu Haudel's Alciiin, Act
II., Scene 2 trios for strings Adagio et Allegi-o, for ;
G. Published separately, with additional pianoforte and strings Sonatas for piano- ;
accompaniments by Robert Franz (Leipsic, forte and violin Sonatas, rondos, varia- ;
Kistuer). tions, and other pieces for pianoforte ; Sev-

mo CARO BENE,
soprano aria of Ro- eral collections of polonaises and mazurkas.
delinda, in G major, -with accompaniment He wrote a treatise on instrumentation,
of oboes and violins in unison, viola, and Trattato intorno agli stromenti, ed all' is-
continuo, in Handel's Bodelinda, Act II., trumentazioue (Milan, 1825). Eneyklope-
Scene 9. Published sej)arately, with addi- dya powszechna (Warsaw, 18G4), xvii. G51
tional accompaniments by Robert Franz, Fotis ; Sowifiski ; Wurzbach.
Leipsic, Kistnor. MIREILLE, French opera in five acts,
IMIODOLCE AMATO SPOSO, soprano text by Michel Carre, music by Gounod,

aria of Ariauna, iu D minor, with accompa- first represented at the Theatre Lyrique,
niment of strings complete, and continuo, Paris, March 19, 18G4. The subject is
in Handel's Giustino, Act I., Scene 12. taken from Mistral's jioem, " Mire'io." Mi-
Published separatelj', iu fillet! out piano- reille, the daughter of a rich proprietor,
forte score by Otto Dresel (Leijisic, Breit- Ramon, is in love with Vincent, the son of a
kopf & Hiirtel). poor basket-maker. Her father commands
]\nRA DI ACERBE. See Troualore. her to marry a wealthy but brutal cattle-
MIRA, O NORMA. See Norma. driver, Ourrias, who kills his rival. Mireille
lURECKI, FRANZ (in Polish, Franci- dies in the arms of her betrothed. The
szek), born at Cracow in 1794 (1791V), died music is pastoral and lyric, written with
there,May 29, 18G2. Pianist and dramatic local colour, and includes many folk-songs.
composer played the pianoforte when four,
;
The opera was reduced to three acts, with
and two years later appeared in concerts. the addition of a waltz, and was reproduced
In 1814 be went to Vienna, where he studied at the same theatre, Dec. 15, 1864. Per-
pianoforte and composition under Hummel, formed in Italian at Her Majesty's, London,
and harmony under Preindl. After livinn; July 5, 18G4, with Mile Tietjens as Mireille ;
in close intercourse with Beethoven, Salieri, Mme Trebelli, Taven ; Sig. Giuglini, Vin-
Sloscheles, and he went to Venice, cent and Mr. Santley, Ourrias. Published
Pixis, ;
in 181G, to study the Italian method of by Choudens (Paris, 18G5) and by Boosey
singing, and then passed several year.s in (London, 1865). Clement et Larousse,
Paris, and in Milan and other Italian cities, 456; Athemeum (1864), i. 478, 514; ii. 57 ;
to introduce his comiôsitions. About 1825 (1870), 442 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 205 ; ;
he accepted the direction of the Teatro San AUgem. mus. Zeitg. (1864), 340; Upton,
Carlo in Lisbon, and in 1826, after a visit Standard Operas, 123.
to England, returned to Genoa, where for MIR HAT DIE WELT, choral in B-fiat
twelve j'ears he taught vocal music. In major, for Coro I. and II., with accompani-
1838 be was called to Cracow, to dii-ect a ment of two flutes, 2 oboes, strings com-
school of dramatic singing.
Works Op- plete, organ and continuo, in Johann Sebas-
eras Cyganie, given in Warsaw, 1820
: tian Bach's I'atiiiion nach Matthilus (No. 38).
;
Evandro in Pergamo, Genoa, 1824 I due The melody is " In dich hab' ich gehofifet,
;
forzati, Lisbon, 1826 Adriano in Siria

; Herr," by Sethus Calvisius (1594).
;
Cornelio Bentivoglio, Milan, 1844 Una MIRIAMS 8IEGESGESANG (Miriam's

;
notte negli Ajiennini, Cracow, 1845. Bal- Song of Victory), for soprano solo with
lets :Octavia II castello di Kenilworth
; chorus and pianoforte accompaniment, text
;
I baccanali abboliti, Milan. Oratorios by Grillparzer, music by Schubert, op. 136,

Symphony for grand orchestra 2 masses first performed in Vienna, at a concert for
; ;
6T6
MIR
erecting a heatl-stoue at Schubert's grave, nine voices in two choruses, in the second
Jan. 30, 1829. It was composed iu 1828, Gregorian mode (transposed), sung annually
and published by DiabelU (Vienna, 1838). at Tenebrfo iu the Sixtine Chapel, in Holy
It was orchestrated by Franz Lachner, and Week. It belongs to a collection of twelve
first performed in Vienna, March 28, 1830. settings of the Miserere preserved in two
PubHshed by Seuff (Leipsic). Same title, MS. volumes in the archives of the Pontifi-
concert aria for soprano with orchestra by cal Choir, and is the only one of the twelve
Karl Reinecke, op. 74, published by Breit- still iu use. The other eleven are by Cos-
l;oj)f & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 18G3). Kreissle tanzo Festa, Luigi Dentice, Francesco Guer-
von Hellborn, Schubert (Coleridge), ii. rero, Palestrina, Teofilo Gargano, Francesco
201 ; Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1803), 58^) Up- Anerio, Felice Anerio, an anonymous com-
;
ton, Standard Cantatas, 314. poser, Giovanni Maria Nanini, Sante Nal-
MIR 1ST SO WUNDERBAR. See Fi- dini, and Ruggiero Giovanelli. The MS. of
delio. this Miserere was so carefully guarded iu the
MIRY, CHARLES, born Ghent, Aug. archives of the Pontifical Chapel that until
in
14, 1823, still living, 1889. Dramatic com- 1770 only three transcriptions had been
poser, pupil at the Ghent Conservatoire of lawfully made one for the Emperor Leo- ;
Meugal iu harmony and counterpoint, and pold I., one for the King of Portugal, and
later of Gevaert. He comisleted his musical one for Padre Martini. The latter lent
studies in Pari.s, and returned to his native his copy to Dr. Burney, who compared it
town to conduct a theatre orchestra. In with a transcription of his own, probably
1857 he was appointed professor of compo- obtained through Santarelli, the singer, and
sition at the Conservatoire, Ghent. Works published it in a work, now rare, entitled
Ojjeras and operettas Brigitta, given in ' La Musica della Settimana Santa," re-
:
Ghent, Theatre Minard, 1847 La lanterne printed in Novello's "Music of Holy Week."
;
magique, ib., Grand Theatre, 1854 Charles- Mozart accomplished the remarkable feat ;
Quint, ib., before 1857 Anne Mie, Antwerp, of writing down this entire com]30sition in
;
1853 Bouchard d'Avesnes, Ghent, 18G4

;
1770, at the age of fourteen, after having ;
Maria van Burgondie, ib., 18GG De Keizer heard it once iu the Sixtine Chapel, where ;
bij de Boeren, ib., 1866 De occasie maakt he corrected his MS. two days later. Men-
;
den dief, ib., 18G6 Frans Ackernian, Brus- delssohn was enthusiastic in his admiration
;
sels, 18G7 Brutus en Cesar, Ghent, 18G7 of this work. Grove, i. 54 ii. 336 Fetis,
; ;
; ;
Le mariage de Marguerite, ib., 1867 Een i. 72 Mendel, i. 165 Hensel, Mendelssohn, ; ; ;
Engel 013 wacht, Antwerp, 1869 Drie Ko- ii. 98 Moritz Hauptmann, Briefe an Franz ; ;
ningen Avond, ib., 1870 La Saint-Lucas, Hauser, i. 52 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxvii.
; ;
Ghent, 1870 Het Driekoniugenfeest, Brus- 420

; Ciecilia, ii. 66 The Harmonicon ; ;
sels, 1876 La rose d'or Le poiJte et sou (1825), 195 Baini, Memorie della vita e
; ; ;
ideal Twee zusters.

; Ballets La bouque- delle opere di Palestrina, ii. 200. :
tiere La fee des eaux Klida, Brussels.

; MISERERE, by Tommaso Bai, written
;
Cantatas Au roi La Belgique, ou le rogne in 1714, at the request of the choir in the
: ;
de 25 ans Le 16 decembre Les orphe- Vatican, of which he was maestro di cap-

; ;
lins Het Eerevaandel der werklieden Het pella.

; This is its composer's only work of ;
Eerevaandel der Weezenjongeus van Gent. importance. It is written in the Second

Choruses for men's voices Several collec- Mode transposed, with verses for four and
;
tions of school-songs Music for wind in- for five voices, alternatelj-, the last one end-
;
;
struments Pianoforte music. Fetis do.. ing with eight parts. It was sung in the ;
Supplement, ii. 226 Mendel, Ergiinz., 284. Sixtine Chapel alternately with AUegri's
;
mSERERE, by Gregorio Allegri, for during the three days of the Tenebrse, from
517
MISSA
1714 till by Tartiiii being per- these in the test mass that was ordered
1767, one
formed in and again from 1769 till of him, the Cardinals gave him something
1768 ;
1820, with tlie exception of 1777, when Pas- more than a hint to do his best to write a
quale Pisari's Miserere was given. It was mass which should so set forth the beauties
published by Choron in his collection of of the old, accustomed style, that the Pope
sacred music, and by Buruey and by No- might be induced not to withdraw the pro-
vello. It is now performed every other tection of the Church from it. And this
year, the second day of the Tenebrre, alter- was, in fact, the result of the matter. The
nately with that of Giuseppe Baiui, which mass was first published in Palestrina's
was first sung in 1821. The latter is a work Liber missarum secundus, 15G7. It is in
of great merit and was composed for the Alfieri's edition of Palestrina's works, vol.
Sixtine Chapel by order of Pope Pius VIL i.. No. 1 (Rome, Pietro Pittarelli, 1841) a ;
In MS. Fetis, i. 74 Mendel, i. 415 All- popular edition, in the modern clefs, is
; ;
gem, mus., Zeitg., xxvii. 418 Baini, Memo- published by Ricordi in jMilan. Ambros,
;
rie della vita e delle opere di Palestriua, ii. iv. 13 ; Grove, ii. 229.
195 ; Grove, i. 125, 288 ; iii. 519. MISSA PRO D E F U N C T I S . See &-
MISSA PAFM MARCELLI, one of qiiiew.
three masses written by Palestrina by the mSSA SOLENNIS, in D, by Beethoven,
order of a board of eight Cardinals, pre- opus 123, dedicated to the Cardinal Arch-
sided over bj' S. Carlo Borromeo, commis- duke Rudolph Johann, Bishop of Olmiitz.
sioned by Pius IV. to see that the decrees Beethoven began sketches for this mighty
of the Council of Trent in reference to a work in 1818, and it was completed in 1823.
reform in church music were carried out. MS. cojiies of the score were sold, at fifty
This mass, dedicated to the memory of ducats, to several crowned heads, and to
Pope Marcellus II., was first publicly per- the Ciieilien-Verein at Frankfort-on-the-
formed in the Sixtine Chajiel, June 19, Main, and in 1825 the right of publication
1565, at the solemn service consecrating the was sold to Schott, in Mainz, for one thou-
alliancebetween the Papal Chair and the sand florins. The first complete perform-
Swiss Confederates, S. Carlo Borromeo offi- ance was given in Russia, March 26, 1824.
ciating. It is for six voices (S., A, 2 T., 2 Beethoven called it his " greatest
and most
B.) unaccompanied, and is in the Gregorian successful work."was given in New
It
Hypoiouian mode, except the Crucifixus York, under Theodore Thomas, at the Mu-
and Benedictus, which are in the ]\Iixolyd- sic Festival in the 7th Regiment Armoury,
ian. The work has been made the nucleus May 3, 1882. Breitkopf & Hartel, Beetho-
of many unwarranted legends, the most ven Werke, Serie 19, No. 203. Marx, Beeth-
absurd of which, and the generally accepted oven, n. 273 Nohl, III. 99, 148, 185, 254,
;
one, is that it embodied all the reforms in 262, 360, 399, 485, 490, 522 Lenz, H. ;
church music decreed or suggested by the Part n. 141 Grove, ii. 234.
;
Council of Trent, and was thus the point of MIT GE\VITTER UND STURJI. See
departure of a new and perfected style of Fliegende Hollander.
ecclesiastical composition. The truth is MI TRADi QUELL' ALMA INGRATA.
that, as far as its musical style See Don Giovanni.
is concerned,
it embodies not one of these reforms, and MITRIDATE, Rf: DI PONTO (Mithri-
contains no single novel musical feature. dates. King of Pontus), Italian opera in
The Cardinals of the board were individu- three acts, text by the Abbate Parini, after
ally strongly opposed to the musical reforms Racine, revised by Vittorio Amadeo Cigna-
suggested by the Council, and so far from Santi, music by Mozart, first represented in
Palestrina's being instructed to conform to Milan, Dec. 26, 1770. Mozart, then but
618
MIT
fourteen years old, conducted, and tlie op- in Naples, 1788. It was given in Paris,
era was received with enthusiasm. The Sept. 2, 1801, as La meuniere, with Mme
original score is lost, but several fragments Festa in the title-rule and at the King's ;
are in the library Paris Conser- Theatre, London, March 22, 1803.
of the A duet,
vatoire. Italian operas of the same title " Nel cor pii\ nou mi sento," and an aria,
on Zcno's text, music by Bioni, Venice, " Quanl' e pii\ bello," were popular themes
1722, Ferrara, 1729 Antonio Caldara, Vi- for variations, among which are several by
;
enna, Nov. 14, 1728 ; Gini, Turin, 1730 ;

Beethoven. Another air. La Rachelina, is
Porpora, Venice, 1733 ; Aliprandi, Munich, included in the Musical Library, i. 98. In
1738 ; Terradeglias, London, 17G.5 ; Sarti, 1789 Cherubini inserted into this opera
Parma, 17G.5 ; Sacchini, London, 1777 nine airs which were admired by Louis
;
Tarchi, Rome, 1780 ; Niccolini, Milan, XVI. Published by Steinmetz (Hamburg).

1816 ; Tadolini, Venice, 1S2G ; Paolo Ser- MOLIQUE, WILHELM BERNHARD,
rao, Madrid, 1882. Same title, Italian born in Nuremberg, Oct. 7, 1802, died at
opera, text by by Grauu, Cannstadt, near Stuttgart, May 10, 18G9.
Villati, music
Berlin, Dec. 10, 1750. Mitridate, re di Violinist, son and pujîl of a town musi-
Ponto, vincitor di se stesso, text by Me- cian, he learned several instruments, but
rindo Fesanio (Benedetto Pasqualigo), mu- made a special study of the violin. He
sic by Giovanni Maria Capelli, Venice, had a few lessons of Spohr, then studied
1723 La morte di Mitridate, by Zingarelli, two years under Rovelli in Munich, and
;
Venice, and by IMarcos Portugal, afterwards played in the orchestra of the

1797 ;
text by Caravito, Lisbon, 180G, Milan, 181.'5 Theater an der Wien in Vienna. In 1820 ;
Vonina e Mitridate, by Sebastian Nasolini, ho succeeded Rovelli as court violinist

Florence, 1799, Parish Dec. 13, 1817 and in Munich made his first concert tour in ;
;
by Francesco Gnecco, text by Rossi, Ven- 1822 was royal Couzertmeister at Stutt- ;
ice, 1803 ; music by gart in 182G-49, often giving concerts in

to Racine's tragedy,
Johann Adam Schcibe, Leipsic, 1738 and other German cities and abroad settled ; ;
by Scheinpflug, Rudolstadt, May 5, 1754. in London in 1849, and acquired a promi-

Kochel, Verzeichniss, No. 87 Andre, nent position as a solo and quartet plaj'er
;
Verzeichniss, No. 32 Jahn, Mozart, i. 277 and as teacher of his instrument. In 18GG
; ;
Gehring, Mozart, 44 ; Caecilia, xxiii. 241. he retired to Cannstadt. His compositions

MIT STAUNEN SIEHT DAS WUNDER- show technical mastery, though often want-
WERK, soprano solo (Gabriel) and chorus, Works Abraham, ora-
ing in insijiration. :
in C major, in Haydn's Die Hchi'ipfnnrj, Part torio. Music Festival, Norwich, 18G0 2 ;
I (No. 4). masses Symphonj' 5 violin concertos

; ; ;
MITTERNACHT, quartet. See Martha. Concertino ; G string quartets ; Pianoforte

IVHT WURD' UND HOHEIT, tenor aria
in C major, of Uriel, in Haydn's Die Schop-
funq. Part II. (No. 24).
MOISE AU SINAI, oratorio, text by Col- trio ; Duets for violin and other instru-
lin and Saint-Etienne, music by Felicien ments ; Fantasias for violin and orchesti-a ;
David, first performed at the Acadeniie Pieces for violin and pianoforte ; Songs
Royale de Musique, Paris, March 21, 184G. and other music. Fetis ; Mendel ; Rie-
It was written in Germany. SchiUing Hart, The VioHn, 423 mauu ; ; ;
MOiSE EN EGYPTE. See Musi, in Wasielewski, Die Violine, 3G0.

Egitto. MOLLENHAUER, EDWARD, born in
MOLINARA, LA (The Maid of the Mill), Erfurt, Prussian Saxony, April 12, 1827,
Italian opera by Paisiello, first represented still living, 1889. Violinist at the age of ;
579
; :
MOLLOY
nine made a successful concert tour witli been well received, though he was firmly
his two elder brothers Frederic and Hein- convinced of their importance. Works
rich,both after- String quartets ; Trios Sonatas for piano-
;
v/ards well-known forte and violin ; Sonatas and other pieces

musicians. When for pianoforte ; Cantatas and songs ; Pre-
fourteen he became miere annee de le9ons de piano-forte Cours ;
the pupil of Ernst, complet d'harmonie et de composition

and two years later d'ajjres une theorie neuve (Paris, 1806, 3
of Spohr. During vols.) and several other theoretical writ-
;
these years he ings. He was the last editor of the Ency-

played with much clopedie methodique (Paris, 1791-1818), be-
success in Germany gun by Ginguene and Framerj'. His son
and in St. Peters- George Joseph, born at Viro (Calvados),
burg as a protege of the Archduchess of Des- Dec. 12, 1812, was a pupil of Zimmerman
sau. Being ordered back to Germany to and Reicha at the Paris Conservatoire, be-
serve as a soldier, he fled to England, where came organist of Chapel of Saint-Denis,
he joined JuUieu's orchestra as solo violin, and about 1844 professor at the Young
and in 1853 went with him to America, Ladies' Institute at Nogent-sur-Marne, and
and settled in New York, where he still afterwards retired to his native town. He
resides. He is one of the founders of the has composed many nocturnes, romances,
"Musical Conservatory " system in Amer- and sacred melodies. Fetis ; do.. Supple-
ica, and conducts a violin college for the ment, ii. 229 ; Schilling ; Gerber ; Itie-
perfection of advanced students. Works : m.ann.

Tlie Corsican Bride, opera, produced at MONDONVILLE, .TE.iN JOSEPH CAS-
Winter Palace, New York, 1861 Breakers, ;
SANEA DE, born at
comic ojjera. New York, 1881 The Masked ; Narbonne, Dec. 25,
Ball, comic opera The Passions, sym-
; 1711, died at Belleville,
phony 2 other s^ymj^honies String quar-
; ; near Paris, Oct. 8, 1772.
tets ;Pieces for the violin Duets Songs.
; ; Violinistand dramatic
MOLLOY, JAMES LYMAN, born in composer, born of poor
Ireland in 1837, still liring, 1889. Ama- but noble parents he ;
teur dramatic and vocal composer ; M.A. early studied the violin
of the Catholic University of Ireland. and became first violin
Works Operettas : Student's Frolic ; My '
'<
at Lille.Three of his
Aunt's Secret ; Very catching. Irish melo- motets were given in the Concerts Spirituels,
dies, edited with new accompaniments Paris, in 1737 with such success as to pro-
Songs. cure him a i)lace in the king's chamber mu-
MOmONY, J15EUME JOSEPH (DE), sic. He succeeded Gervais as superintend-
born in Philippeville (Namur), Belgium, ent of the Versailles chapel in 1744. His
Jan. 20, 1762, died after 1855. At the age first opera was not a success, but his ob-
of twelve he became organist at Saiut-Omer, sequiousness secured powerful influence.
later of theAbbey of Sainte-Colombe, and in When a company of Italian singers came to
1785 at Lyons. He took refuge in Switzer- France, in 1752, there was a great conten-
land during the Revolution, but in 1800 tion, known as the guerre des bonffons, be-
founded a music business in Paris, published tween the partisans of Italian and French
his own writings, and taught. He lived after- music. Mme de Pompadour favoured the
wards at Tours. His supposed discoveries national school, and everything was arranged
in the theory of music do not seem to have to obtain success for Moudonville's opera,
580
; ;
MONETA
Titon et I'Aurore. He was director of the ber of an establishment for printing music.
Concerts Spirituels in 1755-G'2, and had a Works 4 collections of Salmi concertati :
peusiou from the Ojjera in 1768. He was (Venice, 1647 and 1650, 1669, and two in
very vain and avaricious, and published 1676) Salmi brevi (ib., 1675) Salmi a voce ; ;
most of the texts of his operas under his sola (ib., 1677) Motetti (ib., 1655, 1659, ;
own name, though they were really written 1671) 3 collections of Motetti concertati ;
by the Abbe de Voisenon. Works Op- (ib., 1660, 1660, and 1669) Motetti a voce ;
eras : 1742 Le carnaval du Parnasse,

Isbc, ; sola (ib., 1666) ; Sacri concenti, ossia Mo-
1749 Titon et I'Aurore, 1753 Daphnis et
; ; tetti a voce sola (ib., 1675) ; Missse (ib.,
Alcimadure, in the languo d'oe, 1754 Les ; 1677) ; Antifone (ib., 1678) ; Motetti (ib.,
fetes de Paplios, Venus et Adonis, Bacchus 1681). Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling ; Gerber.
et Erigoue (written for Mme de Pompa- MONIUSZKO, STANISLAW, born at
dour's theatre at Versailles) Psyche, 17G2 ; ;
Ubiel in the government of Minsk, Lithu-
Thesue, 1765. Les projets de I'Amour, bal- 5, 1819, died in Warsaw, June 4, ania, May
let, 1771 Les Israelites au mont Oreb, ora-
;
Dramatic composer, pupil of August 1872.
torio Les fureurs de Saiil, do.
; Les Freyer in Warsaw, and of Rungenhageu in ;
Titans, do. Motets Violin sonatas and con- Berlin in 1837-39

; ; was for some time ;
certos Organ concertos Trios Pieces for teacher and organist in Wilna became di-
; ; ; ;
harpsichord and violin. Fetis

do., Sup- rector of opera in Warsaw in 1858, and was
;
plement, ii. 230 Mendel Schilling Cle- later appointed professor at the Conserva-
; ; ;
ment, Mus. celebres, 86 Wasielewski, Die torium there. Works Operas The Lot-
; :
Violine, 246. tery Ideal The New Don Quixote The ; ; ;
MONETA, GHJSEPPE, born in Florence Bohemians Betty Halka, Warsaw, 1846 ; ; ;
in 1761, died, probably there, after 1811. Jawnutz The Raft-Man Verbum nobile ; ; ;
Dramatic composer, in the service of the Rokitschana The Countess The Haunted ; ;
Grand Duke of Tuscany, a position which Castle The Paria Beata. ]\Iusic for Ham- ; ;
he still jield in 1811. Works Operas II let Mikla, Goddess of Beauty, cantata : ;
capitano Tenaglia, given in Leghorn, 1784 Niola, do. A Night in the Ajsennines, de- ;
;
La muta per amore, Alessandria, 1785 scriptive composition The Madonna, hymn ;
Amor vuol gioventh, Florence, 1786 for solo, chorus, and orchestra Mass 4 ; ; ;
L' equivoco del nastro, ib., 1786 La poe- litanies ]\Iusic for Dziady Faust, lyric
; ; ;
tessa capricciosa, ib., 1790 I due tutori, poem Pianoforte pieces Songs.
; A. Wa- ; ;
Kome, 1791 II conte Policronio, Poggio, licki. Life of M. (in Poli.sh, Warsaw, 1873)
;
1791 II trionfo di Gedeone,

; ib., 1804. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 231 Riemann Men- ; ;
Cantata to words of Tasso La morte del del. ;
generale Hoche, symphony Notturni a voce MONK, EDWIN GEORGE, born at

;
sola ; Collection of Ariette. Fetis ; do., Frome, Somerset,

Supi)lement, ii. 230 ; Schilling. Dec. 13, 1819, still
MONFERRATO, Padre NADAL (Natale), hving, 1889. Or-

born in the early part of the 17th century, ganist, pupil in Bath
died in Venice (?), April 23, 1685. Church of Henry and George
composer, pupil of Rovetta was cantor of Field, in London of ;
S. Marco, Venice, in 1639, second maestro Hullali and Henry

in 1647, and maestro di cappella in 1676. Phillips, and later of
He was also director at the Conservatorio G. A. Macfarren. ^
^
^
de' Mendicanti, leader of music in the par- He was organist and

ish in which he lived, as well as instructor music-master at the College of St. Colomba,
in the families of the aristocracy, and mem- Ireland, in 1844 assisted in the formation ;
581
;
MONK
of The University Motet and Madrigal So- number) Hymns Ancient and IModern, ;
sciety,Oxford, in 1847 was organist at the and (with others) Hymns for Church of
;
College of St. Peter, Radley, in 1848 and Scotland. Grove Riemann.

; ;
succeeded Dr. Camidge as clioirmaster and MON PETIT MARI. See PosliUon de
organist of York Cathedral in 1859. Mus. Loujumeau.
Bac, Oxford, 1848; Mus. Doc, 185G. MONPOU, (FRANgOIS LOUIS) HIPPO-
Works Veui Creator Spiritus Anthems LYTE, born in Paris, Jan. 12, 1804, died in
: ; ;
Service. He edited The Anglican Chant Orleans, Aug. 10, 1841. Dramatic com-
Book The Anglican Choral Service Book poser, began as choir-boy iu the Church of
; ;
The Anglican Hymn Book, with Rev. R. Saint-Germain I'Auxerrois, Paris, and at
C. Singleton The Psalter and Canticles, the age of nine sang in Notre Dame. He
;
jjointed for chanting, and Anglican Psalter entered Choron's school in 1817, and be-
Chants (with Sir F. A. G. Ouseley). He came organist of the Cathedral of Tours in
also wrote some libretti.
Grove Riemann. 1819, but was found incapable, and returned
;
MONK, JAMES JONATHAN, born at to Choron as accompagnateur or assistant

Bolton-le-Moors, England, Feb. 20, 184G, in the Institution Royale de Musique Reli-
still living, 1889. Organist, vocal com- gieuse. He received instruction in harmony
poser, and writer on music. After having from Fctis, Porta, and Chelard, and played
held various organ aiîJointments, he settled the organ successively at the churches of
iu Liverpool as teacher and local secretary Saint-Nicolas des Champs, Saint-Thomas
of Trinity College. He is honorary life d'Aquin, and the Sorbonne. He wrote
member of Trinity College, London, and some very popular ballads and songs to
musical critic for several papers in Liver- words by Alfred de Musset and Victor
pool. Works Te Deum for jiarochial use
: ;
Hugo, and became the composer of the ro-
Anthem Pianoforte music
; Part-songs mantic school of poets. In 1835 he took to
; ;
Songs. opera writing, and his premature death was

MONK, WILLLiM HENRY, born in caused by overwork. His songs have many
London iu 1823, died there, March 3, 1889. striking melodies, but are very crude in
Oi'ganist, pupil of Thomas Adams, G. A. form, and while his operas are full of mel-
Griesbach, and J. A. Hamilton. He was ody and dramatic feeling, the orchestral
organist at Eaton Chapel, Pimlico, St. part shows him to have been a very in-
George's Chajiel, Albemarle Street, and competent musician. Works Operas Les :
Portman Chapel, St. Marylebone. In 1847 deux reines, 1835 Le luthier de Vieune, ;
he became director of music in King's Col- 183G Piquillo, 1837 Un conte d'autrefois,
; ;
lege, London, and iu 1849 organist there Perugina, 1838 Le planteur. La chaste Su-
;
;
zanne, 1839; La reine Jeanne, 1840; Lam-

was professor of music at the School for the
Indigent Blind in 18-51 appointed organist bert Simnel (finished by Adolphe Adam),
;
of St. Matthias, Stoke Newiugton, in 1852 1843 L'orfc'vre, never performed. Ballads,
; ;
delivered lectures on music iu London, romances, and songs. Fetis Clement, Mus. ;
Edinburgh, and Manchester iu 1850-54. cclcbrcs, 501.

In 1874 he succeeded Hullah as professor MONSIGNY, PIERRE ALEXANDRE,
of vocal music in King's College, in 187G bom at Fauquembergues (Pas-de-Calais),
became professor in the National Training France, Oct. 17, 1729, died in Paris, Jan.
School for Music, and iu 1878 in Bedford 14, 1817. Dramatic composer, of noble
College, London. Works Te Deums, Ky- birth received a good classical education,
: ;
ries, anthems, and other church music and took ^ôliu lessons while a boy. At his
Contributions to Modern Hymnals. He father's death, in 1749, he went to Paris, and
edited the Parish Choir (after the tenth obtained a clerkship iu the Bureaux de la
mo:nsigny
Comptabilite da Clerp;!.'. Influential proof the Opera Comique in 1798 made up a
tectors were not wanting, and lie soon was ]3urse for him, which yielded him an annu-
m ade ni a t r ei ity of 2,400 francs. In 1800 he succeeded
d'hOtel to the Due Picciuni (deceased) as inspector of instruc-
d'Orleans, with a tion at the Conservatoire but he resigned ;
large salary. in 1802,admitting that his musical knowl-

Hearing Pergo- edge was iusufiicient to enable him to 1111
lesi's Serva j)a- the post well. In 1813 he succeeded Gre-
drona, he was in- try at the lustitut, and in 18 IG received
spired with a desire the decoration of the Legion of Honour.
to write comic op- Monsigny's great merit was his melodic
eras himself. For power and the truth and warmth of his
five months he sentiment he had also a keen sense of
;
took lessons in har- dramatic fitness. He was not wanting in a

mony of Gianotti (a double-bass player at certain natural sense of harmony, but his
the Opera), and this was all the theoretical musical knowledge was small, and he coidd
instruction he ever had. His first opera, do uothing except in the simplest forms.
Les aveux indiscrets, was brought out at But his genius was undeniable, and he was,
the Theatre de la Foire Saint-Germain, in after all, not much worse a musician than
1759, with a good deal of success. His Le the other writers of ojse'ra-comique in his
cadi dupe (17G1) so delighted the poet Se- day. His finest work is Le deserteur.
daine that he offered Monsigny to supply Works Operas : Les aveux indiscrets, 1
him with libretti in future, and the two act, Theatre de la Foire Saint-Germain,
worked together on several operas. Mon- Feb. 7, 1759 Le maitre en droit, 2 acts, ib., ;
signy's success was such that the Comudie Feb. 13, 17G0 Le cadi dupe, 1 act. Opera ;
Italienne succeeded in having the Opera Comique de la Foire Saint-Laurent, Feb. 4,

Comique de la Foire Saint-Laurent closed 1701 ; On ne s'avise jamais de tout, 1 act, ib.,
definitively, for fear that its growing reputa- Sept. 17, 17G1 ; Le roi et le fermier, 3 acts,
tion might injure that of their own theatre, Comodie 1702 Rose et
Italienne, Nov. 22, ;
and 1701 Monsigny wrote only for the

after Colas, 1 act, ib., March
17G4 Aline, reine 8, ;
Conu'die Italienne. His style underwent a de Golcoude, 3 acts, ib., April 15, 17G0 L'Ue ;
change for the better about this time, and somiante, 3 acts, ib., Jan. 4, 1708 Le dii- ;
his success went on steadily increasing seiieiii; 3 acts, ib., March G, 1709 Le fau- ;
until, after the triumph of his Felix, ou con, 1 act, ib., March 19, 1772 La belle ;
I'enfant trouve, in 1777, he, for some in- Arseue, i acts, Fontainebleau, Nov. 0, 1773,
explicable reason, gave up writing music Paris, Comedie Italienne, Aug. 11, 1775 ;
altogether. It has been hinted that he Le rendez-vous bien employe, 1 act, Come-
feared a rivalry with Gretry, but he himself die Italienne, Feb. 10, 177-4 ; Felix, ou I'en-
said that after 1777 he never had a musi- fant trouve, 3 acts, Fontainebleau, Nov. 10,
cal idea come into his head. His earlier and Paris, Comedie Italienne, Nov. 24,
operas were brought out anonymously, as 1777 ; Pagamiu de Monegue, 1 act (never
he deemed writing for the stage incom-
patible with the dignity of his position at
the house of the Due d'Orleans. He was
Q.X^fe=^*^2^
also some time inspector-general of
for
canals, but the Revolution deprived him
of both offices, and he would have been re- performed) Philemon et Baucis, 1 act ;
duced to absolute want had not the socictaires (never jêrformed). The scores of all but
5S3
;
IIONTAGNY
the last two liave been puLlislied at Paris.
5 voices (ib., 1561-88) 8 books of madri- ;
QuatreiUL-re Qiimey, Notice historique gals for 6 voices (ib., 1565-92) La tiani-
ile ;
sur la vie et les ouvrages de Mousigny metta (ib., 1598) Madrigali spirituali (ib., ;
(Paris, Firmin Didot, 1818) HOdouin, 1581) French songs (Antwerp, 1575) Son-
; ; ;
Eloge de Mousiguy (Paris, 1820). netz de Pierre de llonsard (Louvaiu, 1576)

MONTAGNY, ALEXANDRE JOSEPH. Pieces in various collections. Fetis Rie- ;
See Arlol. manu Mendel Hawkins, Hist., ii. 491

; ;
;
MONTAUBRY, JEAN BAPTISTE Schilling ; Gerber Ambros, Gesch.,

; iii. 323.
fiDOUARD, bom at Niort (Deus-Suvres), MONTfiCLAIR, IMICHEL PIGNOLET
France, March 27, 1824, still living, 1889. DE, born at Chauraont-en-Bassigny (Haute-
Dramatic composer, jjujjil of his father, then Slarne), France, in 1666, died in Paris in
at the Paris Conservatoire of Habeueck. 1737. Dramatic and instrumental com-
He obtained an accessit for 1843, and when poser, pu])il, while chorister at the Cathe-
verv young succeeded Doche as chef d'or- dral of Langres, of Jean Baptiste Moreau.
chestre at the Theatre du Vaudeville. About x\iter having been connected with various
1862 he and went on the churches in the pi-ovinces of France, he be-
left this position,
stage as a tenor singer, but without suc- came maitre de musique to the Prince de
cess.
Works Operas Freluchette, given Vaudemout, whom he accomi)anied to
:
in Pai-is, Folies Nouvelles, 1856 La per- Rome. Returning to Paris about 1700, he
;
ruque de Cassandre, ib., 1857 L'agneau de joined the Opera orchestra as double-bass
;
Chloe, Theatre Lyrique, 1858 Veudredi, plaj-er in 1707, and was pensioned in 1737.
;
Folies Nouvelles, 1859. Operettas Le nid Works Operas Les fetes de I'ete, given
: :
d'amours, Le rat de ville et le rat des in Paris, Opera, 1716 Jephte, ib., 1732. ;
champs, Les Nereides et les Cyclopes, The- Requiem Motets Cantatas for voice, with ; ;
atre du Vaudeville, before 1856. Fetis, basso continuo 6 concertos for 2 flutes 6 ; ;
Supplement, ii. 2;{;i concertos for flute and bass 4 collections ;
MONTE, PHILIPPE (Filippo) DE, of minuets ; 6 trios for strings ; Collection

called sometimes of brunettes for flute and violin. He pub-
Philippe de Mons, lished Nouvelle methode pour apprendre
born at Mons or la musique, etc. (Paris, 1709), and a method
at Mechlin in for violin (Paris, 1720). Fetis Mendel ; ;
1521, died in Vi- Schilling.

enna, July 4, MONTEVERDE, CLAUDIO, born in
16 03. Famous Cremona, Italy, in 1508, died in Venice,
contrapunt ist, 1643. When young he entered the service
was Kapellmeis- of Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, as viola
ter of Maximilian player studied counterpoint under Marco
;
n.
Vienna in in Antonio Ingegueri, but never showed any
1568, and later of fondness for scholastic work of that sort,
Rudolph n. in Prague became canon and
; and the writings of the Florentine music-
treasurer of the Cathedral of Cambrai. reformers had more influence upon him
Works Masses for 5-8 voices (Antwerp,
: than his teacher's
instruction. His first
1557) Mass, Beuedicta es (ib., 1580)
;
;
book of Canzonette was published in 1584.
Masses for 4-5 voices (ib., 1558) 5 books ; By about 1600 he was an ardent follower of
of motets for 5-6 voices (Ingolstadt, 1569- the new school, and, maddened by some se-
74) Motets for 5-6 voices (Venice, 1584)
;
;
vere criticisms from the conservative party,
2 books of motets for 6 and 12 voices (ib., even went to Rome to submit some eccle-
1585 and 1587) 19 books of madrigals for
; siastical compositions to Clement V TTT. In
684
MONTEZUMA
1G03 he succeeded Ingegneri as maestro di molo of stringed instruments. His greatest
cappella at the court of Mantua. In 1G07 2)ui3il was Francesco Cavalli. Published
his first opera, Aiianna, written in emula- works Canzonette a 3 voci (Venice, Araa-
:
tion of Caccini and Peri's Euridice, was dino, 1.584) ; do., lib. i. (ib., 1587) ; do., lib.
brought out at the wedding of Francesco ii. (ib., 1593) do., hb. iii. (ib., 1594) do., ; ;
di Gonzaga, the duke's son, and Marghe- lib. iv. (ib., 1597) do., lib. v. (ib., 1599 and ;
rita, Infanta of Savoy, with unprecedented 1G04) Madrig.ili, lib. i.-v. (.\ntwerp, Plia-
;
success. After j^roducing two more dra- lesius, 1G15) Orfeo, opera, Mantua, 1G07 ;
matic works in Mantua, he was invited to (ib., 1609 and 1615) Scherzia 3 voci (Ven- ;
Venice by the Procuratori of S. Marco, and ice, G. C. Monteverde, 1G09) Madrigali a 5 ;
elected tosucceed Giulio Cesare Marti- voci, lib. vi. (Venice, 1614) do,, lib. vii. (ib., ;
uengoas maestro di cappella, Aug. Ifl, 1G13, 1619) do., lib. viii. (ib., 1638) 3 volumes
; ;
at a salary of three hundred ducats, with of Church Music. Unpublished: Arianna,

fifty ducats extra for travelling expenses. opera written for wedding of Francesco di
In IGIG his salary was raised to five hun- Gonzaga and Mai-gherita, Infanta of Savoy,
dred ducats. His time was chiefly employ- Mantua, 1G07 ; II hallo delle ingrate, myth-
ed in writing church music and in drilling ological spectacle, Mantua, 1G08 ; Eequiem
the choir but in 1G24: he wrote a dramatic
; for Cosimo II. de' Medici, Venice, May 25,
interlude, II combattimento di Taneredi e 1G21 ; II comba/limoilo di Taneredi e Clo-
Clorinda, for some festivities at the palace Domenico Mocenigo, Ven-
rinda, written for
of Girolamo Moceuigo. This led him back
1624 5 dramatic intermezzi on episodes
ice, ;
to dramatic comj)Osition, which was the from the stories of Bradamante and of Dido,
real bent of his genius his jiopularity as a written for the court of Parma, Parma,
;
composer had become immense. In 1G33, 1627 II Rosajo fiorito, cantata for the birth-
;
however, he was admitted to the priesthood, day of Vito Morosini, son of the governor of
and he appears to have written nothing- Rovigo, Rovigo, 1629 Proaci-pine rapita, ;
more of importance until 1G39, when his opera, for wedding of Lorenzo Giustiniani
L' Adoue was brought out with unbounded and Giustiniana Mocenigo, Venice, 1630 ;
success at the Teatro di San Cassiano. Mass for Thanksgiving service after the
From this year until 1GI:2 he continued to Plague, Venice, Nov. 28, 1631 L' Adone, ;
write operas with unvarying success. In opera, Venice, 1639 Le nozzr. di Enea con ;
lG-t3 he died. He is buried in the Chicsa Lavinia, Venice, 1641 II rilurno d' Ulisse ;
dei Frari in a chapel on the

north of the choir. Monte-
verde was not only the first
I'cally great composer of op-
; Xe^rrv^^W^'*
era, but has been rightly es-
teemed the father of all mod-
ern music. He was first to use the in patria, Venice, 1641 (MS. copy in Vienna
the
chord of the dominant 7th as a free dis- Library) Selva morale e spirituale, writ-
;
cord, thus preparing the way for the discov- ten 1641 (MS. copy in collection of Leo-
ery of the modern tonal system. In his pold I., Vienna Library) L' incoronazione ;
first opera, Arianna, he adopted the stile di Poppea, Venice, 1642. Ambros, iv. 353.
rappresentativo of Caccini and Peri, and af- MONTEZUMA, romantic opera in three
terwards developed it further both in the acts, text music by Frederic Grant Gleason,
directions of periodic melody and of dra- in MS. Selections have been given.
matic recitative. He increased the orches- JIONTFORT, ALEXANDRE, born in
tra, and was the first to employ the tre- Paris in 1803, died there, Feb. 13, 1856.
685
; ;
MONTI
Pupil at tbe Paris Conservatoire of Fi'tis wbicb entitle him to be ranked witb tbe
aud Bertou obtaiuecl tbe tirst prize for great composers of tbe Roman scbool.
;
He-
composition in 1830, and witb a govern- wrote no secular
ment pension resided iu Rome and Naples music, composing
and travelled in Germauj-. ^Yorks La : mainly for tbe Papal
ebatte metamorpbosue eu femme, ballet, Cboir, wbicb sang
1837 ; Policbiuelle, opera, 1839 ; La jeu- several of bis com-
nesse de Charles-Qiiiut, do., 1841 Sainte- ; positions annually
COcile, do., 1844 La cbarbouniorc, do.,
;
for more tban three
1845 ; L'ombre d'Argeutiue, do., 1853 ; Deu- centuries. His por-
calion et Pyrrba, do., 1855 ; Pianoforte trait in Adam i ' s
pieces. Fetis. Osscrvazioui per ben
MONTI, GAETANO, born at Fusiguano, regolare il coro dclla
near Ferrara, about 1750, died iu Naples Capp. Pontif. (Rome, Rossi, 1711) is copied
after 181G. He studied music in Naples, in Hawkins. Works Liber I. Missarum :
tben lived successively in Milan and Paris, quatuor vocum (Paris, Nicolas Duchemin,
and iu 1790 returned to Naples as maestro n. d. 2d ed., Leyden, Jacques Moderne, ;
di cappella. In 1800 be resided iu Home, 154G) Magnificat octo tonorum cum qua- ;
in 1809 in Milan, and in 1816 settled in tuor vocibus, liber primus (Rome, 1541
Naples. "Works Operas
La coutadiua : otber eds., Venice, Gardane, 1542, 1547)
accorta, given in Dresden, 1782 Lo stu- ; Motettrc 4 vocum. Lib. I. and H. (Venice,
dente, Naples, 1784 Lo doune vendicate,
; 1543, 154G) ; Motetti a 5 voci (ib., 1543)
ib., 1784.Fotis ; Scbilling. Lib. n. Missarum cum quatuor
quinque et
MONZA, CARLO, born in Milan in 1744, vocibus (Rome, 1544 Venice, 1544, 1563 ; ;
died tbere, August, 1801. Dramatic and Lyons, 1552) Lamentazioni a quattro, cin-
;
cburcb composer, pupil of Fioroui, under que e sei voci (Venice, Antonio Gardano,
wbose guidance be became cue of tbe most 1564) MissEB quatuor, cum quatuor voci-
;
learned musicians of Italy. In tbe latter bus (ib., Alessaudro Gardano, 1580) Mo- ;
part of tbe 18tb century be was maestro di tets and masses in many collections pub-
cappella at tbe Catbedral of Milan, and tbe lished in Italy Lamentabatur Jacob (ÎS.),
;
Teatro della Scala. "Works Operas Tc- : sung in the Sistine Chapel on the fourth
mistocle, given in Milan, 17C6 Nitteti, Ven- ; Sunday in Lent. Ambros, iiL
ice, 177G Cajo Mario, ib., 1777 Ifigenia in
; ; MORALT, JOHANN BAPTIST, born iu
Tauride, Milan, 1784 ; Erofile, Turin, 178G ;
Mannheim iu 1777, died in Munich, Oct. 7,
Masses ; Slotets, and otber cburcb music 1825. He was the second of four brothers
G quartets and G trios for strings ; 6 sona- who attained great celebrity in Munich for
tas for pianoforte and violin. Futis ; Men- their playing of Haydn's quartets. He
del. entered the court baud in 1792. Works : 2
MORALES, CRISTOFANO symphonies Mass Symphonic concertante
(Cristofero), ; ;
born in Seville, early j)art of IGtb century, for two violins 2 string quartets Lefons ; ;
died (?). Notbing is known of bis life methodiques for violin, aud other violin
except tbat be entered tbe Papal Cboir at music. Fi'tis ; Riemann ; Schilling ; do..
Rome under Paul in. He was tbe greatest Supplement, 312 Mendel. ;
of tbe Siânisb musicians in Rome at tbe pe- MOREL, AUGUSTE FRANyOIS, bom
riod immediately pi'eceding Palestrina. He in Marseilles, Nov. 26, 1809, still living,
was evidently well drilled in tbe Netberland- 1889 (?). Dramatic composer, self-taught,
ish scbool of counterpoint, but sbowed in went to Paris in 1836, aud lived there as a
his music a Spanisb fii-e and sjjirituality composer and a writer of musical articlea
686
:
MORETTI
111 1850 he returned to Marseilles, wlieie lie organist of St. Thomas's, 1854-55, Grace
was director of the Conservatoire in 1852- Church, 1855-G8, St. Ann's (Roman Catho-
73, and in 1877 settled again in Paris. Le- lic), 18GS-G9, St. Stephen's (do.), 18G9-70,
gion of Honour in 18G0. He Las excelled Tabernacle (Brooklyn), 1870-82, and the
cLiellj in chamber music. Works Music Dutch Reformed Church (Madison Avenue
:
to Autran's La fillo d'Eschjle, Paris, 1848 and Twenty-ninth Street), 1886-88. Works
;
Lctoile du marin, ballet, ib., 1850 Le Morning service, St. Paul's Cathedra], Lon-
;
jugement de Dieu, opera, Marseilles, 1800 don, 1842 Anthem for quartet, chorus, and; ;
2 symphonies Trio for pianoforte and orchestra, London Sacred Harmonic So-
;
strings 5 string quartets Quintets Over- ciety, Dec. 22, 1851

; ;
Music for organ and
; ;
tures, cantatas, and other music GO songs. pianoforte Songs, ballads, etc., in all 97
; ;
Futis, Supplement, ii. 238 liiemann compositions. ; ;
Mendel, Ergiinz., 288. MORGEN, DER (The Morning), cantata

MORETTI, GIOVANNI, born in Naples for male voices and orchestra, by Anton
in 1807, died at Ceglie, near Naples, Octo- Rubinstein, op. 74. Published by Senft"
ber, 1884. Dramatic and church composer, (Leipsic, 1868).
pupil at the Naples Couservatorio of P. MORGENLICH LEUCHTEND IN RO-
Casella and G. Elia. He was maestro di SIGEM SCHEIN. See Meislersinger von
cappclla at the Teatro di San Carlo in Na- Niirnberg.
ples, and in 1829-57 wrote 22 operas. MORGENLIED, song for mixed chorus,

Works Operas II teueute e il colonello, with orchestra, by Raft', op. lS6a, on the
:
given at Pavia, 1830 La famiglia Indiana, words " Sieh wie der Hahu erwacht." Pub-
;
II prigioniero calabrieno, Naples, Teatro lished by Siegel (Leipsic, 1874-79).
Nuovo, 1831 L' ossesso immaginario, ib.,

; MORI, FRANK, born in England in
1836 I due forzati, ib., 1842 L' Adelina, 1820, died at Chamant (Oise), France,
; ;
ib., 184G L' arrivo del nepote, ib., 1850

; Aug. 2, 1873. Vocal composer, teacher
;
Requiem 12 masses Litanies, and other of singing, and member of the Vocal Asso-
; ;

church music. Mendel Riemann. ciation of the Music Society of London.
;
MORGAN, GEORGE WASHBOURN, Works The : River Sprite, operetta, given

born in Gloucester, in London, Covent Garden, 1865 Fridolin, ;
England, April 9, cantata Songs

; Vocal exercises. Fctis,
;
1822, still living, in Supplement, ii. 241.
New York, 1889. MORLACCHI, FRANCESCO, born in
Organ ist, articled Perugia, June 14, 1784, died at Innspruck,
pupil of John Oct. 28, 1841. Dramatic and church com-
Arnott, organist of poser, puiîl of Caruso and Mazzetti in his
Gloucester Cathe- native town, of Zingarelli at Loreto, and of
dral, under whom Padre Mattel in Bologna. He became Ka-
he studied organ, pellmeister of the Italian opera in Dresden
pianoforte, instru- for a year in 1810, and was engaged for life
mentation, counterpoint, and composition ;
in 1811. From time to time he visited
assistant organist of Gloucester Cathedral in Italy, and in 1816 he was elected a member
1834-44, then organist of Christ Church, of the Academy at Florence. The hundredth
Gloucester, and St. James's Church, Chel- anniversai-y of his birth was celebrated at
tenham, and in 1848-53 of South Hackney Perugia on Nov. 10, 1884, postponed from
Parish Church, St. Olave's, Southwark, and June 14 on account of the cholera. Works
of Harmonia Union, Exeter Hall. In 1853 Operas II poeta spiantato, o il poeta in
:
he removed to New York, where he was campagna, Florence, 1807 II ritratto, os-
;
5S7
;
; :
;
MORLEY
sia la forza de 1' astrazioue, Yeroua, 1807 ;
tet ; A Plainc and Easie Introduction to
Corratliuo, Parma, 1808 Paride ed Euone, ; Practicall Musicke (1597) ; 5 sets of lessons
Legboru, 1808 Oreste, Parma, 1808 Ei- ; ; for Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book ; Mad-
naldo d' Asti, ib., 1809 La priucipessa per ;
rigals in collections. He edited Canzonets
ripiego, H Simonciuo, Eome, 1809 Le av- ; or Little Short Songs to Foure Voyces, se-
veuture di una giornata, Milan, 1809 Le ;
lected out of the best approved Italian
Danaidi, Kome, 1810 Raoul de Croqui, ;
authors (1598) Madrigals to five voyces ;
Dresden, 1811 La capricciosa pentita, II

;
selected out of the best approved Italian
barbiere di Siviglia, ib., 181G Boadicea, ;
authors (1598) The Triumphes of Oriana ;
Naples, 1818 Gianni di Parigi, llilan,

; (1601) ; The First Booke of Consort Les-
1818 Donna Aurora, ib., 1821 Tebaldo e
; ; sons (1599). Barrett, English Church Com-
Isolina, Venice, 1822 La gioventil di En- ;
posers, 49 Hawkins, Hist., iii. 334 Bur-
; ;
rico v., Dresden, 1823 Ilda d' Avenello, ; ney, Hist., 99 Grove Eiemann Fetis
iii. ; ; ; ;
Venice, 1824 II disperato per eccesso di

;
Gerber Ritter, Music in England, 38 Har-
; ;
buon cuore, written in Di-esdcn in 1826 I ; monicon (1826), 209.

Saraceni in Sicilia, Venice, 1828 II Colom- ;
MOKLEY, WILLIAM, English composer
bo, Genoa, 1828 H rinnegato, Dresden, ; of the 18th century, died Oct. 29, 1731.
1832 Francesca da Eimiui (untiuished)
; ;
He was graduated at Oxford in 1713 be- ;
Introduction to Laurina alia corte. Many came Gentleman of Chapel Eoyal in 1715.
cantatas on sjjeeial oc- Works Songs Chant in D minor.
: ; Grove.
y^J^-^'^.X^^ casions. Oratorios : La MOENINGTON, GAEEETT COLLEY
Passioue; Isacco ; La WELLESLEY, Earl of, born at Dangau,
morte d' Abele. Ten masses Psalms Ves- ; ; Ireland, July 19, 1735, died at Kensington,
pers ; Miserere ; Motets ; 36 Italian songs ;
May 22, 1781. He learned the violin, or-
Organ sonatas Instrumental pieces.; Fetis gan, and composition, with little assistance ;
do., SuppK'ment, ii. 242 Eiemann ; ; Men- received the degree of Mus. Doc. and an
del ; Schilling ; Athe- election to the faculty from the University
do.. Supplement, 313 ;
iireum (1884), ii. of Dublin.

608. In 1758 he succeeded his father
]\IOELEV, THOMAS, born in England as Baron Moruington, and in 1760 he was
about middle of lOtli century, died in 1(504. created Viscount Wellesley and Earl of
Pupil of Byrd, took bis degree at Oxford in Mornington. Of his sons, Richard was
1588 was organist of St. Paul's, London, Marquis Wellesley Ai'thur, Duke of Wel-
; ;
in 1.591 became Gentleman of the Chapel lington and Henry, Lord Cowley. Works
; ;
Eoj-al in 1592, and later ej)istler and gos- Chant in E Glees and madrigals, composed ;
peller. Works Canzonets, or Little Short by the Earl of Mornington, edited by Sir
:
Songs to three Voyees (1593, other eds., H. E. Bishop (London, 1846). Of his glees
1G06 and 1651) Madrigalls to foure Voyces many are well known, as Here in cool grot
; :
(1594, 2d ed., 1600) The First Booke of As it fell upon a day Beneath this rural
; ;
Ballets to five Voyces (1595, another ed., shade By greenwood tree Hail, hallowed ; ;
1600) The First Book of Canzonets to Two fane Gently hear me, charming maid, etc.
; ;
Voyces (1595), containing also 7 Fantasies Grove Eiemann Mendel, Ergiinz., 289 ;
; ; ;
Canzonets, or Little Short Aers to five and Harmonicon (1830), 1.

sixe voices (1597) The First Booke of MOEEo, MA PRIMA IN GRAZIA. See
;
Aires or Little Short Songes to sing and Ballo in Maschera.

play to the Lute with the Base- Viol (1600) MORS ET VITA (Death and Life), sacred ;
Service in D minor Evening Service in G trilogy in three parts with prologue, text in
;
minor Burial Service Preces 4 anthems Latin, from the Bible and Roman Catliolic
; ; ;
Psalms and responses De profundis Mo- liturgy, music by Gounod, first performed
; ;
;
]V[ORT
at theBirmiiigliain (Englaiul) Festival, Aug. Armida, 1778 ; Troja distrutta, with new
2G, 1885, under the direction of Haus Ilich- music, Milan, 1778 Alessandro nell' Indie,
;
ter. The solo singers were Mme barone di Lago Nero, Florence,
Albani 1779 ; II
(S.), Mme Patey (A.), Mr. Lloyd (T.), and 1780

Antigone, Rome, 1782 La fata
; ;
Mr. Sautley (B.). The words were ar- benefica, Varese, 1784 Semiramide, Milan, ;
ranged by the composer, who dedicated the 1785 L' infanta supposta, Modena, 1785. ;
work to Pope Leo XIII. It is a sequel to The cantata, U giuramonto 14 canzonets ; ;
the RedemiAion, from which it difters in be- 18 Italian catches and glees for three voices ;
ing less fragmentary. The style is modern, 6 sextets.-7-Fetis Mendel Gerber Schil- ; ; ;
there is little contrapuntal writing, and the ling.

Leitmotiv is frequently used. The har- MOSCA, GIUSEPPE, born in Naples in
monies are jieculiar and often overstrained. 1772, died in Messina, Sept. 14, 1839.
Part I., Jlors, begins with a Prologus, and Dramatic composer, pupil of Fenaroli at the
contains a setting of the Requiem Mass Conservatorio de Loreto in 1803-9 became
; ;
Part n.. Judicium, opens with two orches- accompanist at the Theatre Italien in Paris ;
tral movements entitled Somnus Mortu- was maestro di cajspella at the theatre in
crum, and Tubte ad Ultimum Part lU., Palermo in 1817-21
; resided in Milan a ;
Vita, has for a motto, " Ctelum novum nova short time, but returned to Sicily in 1823
terra." The work was first sung in Amer- as musical director of the theatre in Mes-
ica in St. Louis by the Choral Society, Oct. sina. Works Operas Silvia e Nardone, :
30, 1885; and by the Brooklyn Philhar- Rome, about 1791 Chi si contenta gode, ;
monic Society, Feb. 5, 1886. Published Naples La vedova scaltra, Rome II fol- ; ;
by Novello, Ewer & Co. (London, 1885). letto, Naple.s I matrimonii liberi, Milan, ;
AthensBum (1885), ii. 121, 281 Academy 1798; Ifigenia in Aulide, Venice, 1799;
;
(1885), ii. 12G Neuo Zeitschr. (188(3), 509 L'apparenza inganna, ib., id. Armida, Flor-
; ;
;
Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 13G Upton, ence, id. Le gare fra Limella e Velaficco
; ;
;
Standard Oratorios, 106. La Gastalda, Venice II sedicente filosofo, ;
MORT D'ADAM ET SON APOTHE- Milan, 1801 La Ginevra di Scozzia, I ciar- ;
OSE, LA, opera-bibliqne in three acts, text latani, Tomiri regina d' Egitto, Turin La ;
by Guillard, music by Lesueur, first repre- fortunata combinazione, Milan, 1802 Chi ;
sented at the Acadt'mie Royale de Musique, vuol troppo veder, diventa cieco, ib., 1803 ;
Paris, March 17, 1800, with elaborate mise II ritorno inaspettato, L' irapostura, Paris ;

en scene. Clement et Larousse, 464 La- Con amore non si scherza, I pretendenti
;
jarte, ii. 68. delusi, Milan, 1811 Romilda, Parma I tre ; ;
MORTELLARI, mCHELE, born in Pa- mariti, Rome R finto Stanislao, Venice ; ;
lermo in 1750, died ('?). Early entered the Amore ed armi, Naples Le bestie in uomini, ;
Conservatorio de' Figliuoli Dispersi as pupil Milan, 1812 La diligenza, Naples La gaz- ; ;
of Muratori later went to Naples, and took zetta Carlotta ed Enrico

; Don Gregorio
; ;
lessons of Piccinni. At the age of twenty in imbarazzo Avviso al publico, Milan, ;
he produced his first opera, and about the 1814 II fanatico per I'Olanda, Bologna,
;
end of 1785 went to London, where he ap- 1814 II disperato per eccesso di buon
;
pears to have settled permanentlj', since he cuore, Naj)les, 1816 U Federico Secondo, ;
is not found again in Italy, and his son was Palermo ; La gioventii d'Enrico V., ib.
a London music teacher in 1800. Works Attila in Aquilea, ib.; II Marcotondo, ossia
Operas : Troja distrutta, Rome, 1770 ;
r impostore, ib.; L' amore e 1' armi, Flor-
Didone abbandonata, Naples, 1771 1819 II filosofo, Vicenza, 1819 La
; Le ence, ; ;
astuzie amorose, Venice, 1775 Don Gual- sciocca per astuzia, Milan, 1821 Emira, re-
; ;
terio in civetta, 1776 ; Ezio, Milan, 1777 gina d' Egitto, ib., id. La dama locandiera,
;
;
589
j\[OSCIIELES
ib., 1822 La vedova misteiiosa, Turin, 1823 which Thalberg and Liszt found it. In
; ;
La poetessa errante, Naples, 1823 L' abbate 181G Moscheles began his professional trips
;
deir Ejx'e, ib., 182G.

Futis do., Supijlo- through Germany, exciting everywhere the
;
ment, ii. 244 ; Schilling ; Larousse. greatest admiration. In 1821 he went to

MOSCHELES, IGNAZ, born in Prague, Paris, and next year to London. In 1824
May 30, 1704, died he gave Mendelssohn pianoforte lessons at
in Leipsie, Marcli 10, Berlin, and in 1826, after marrying Char-
1870. The sou of a lotte Embden at Hamburg, he returned
Jewish merchant, his again to London to settle there permanent-
musical instruction ly. In 1832 he was elected one of the di-
began under obscure rectors of the Philharmonic Society, and in
musicians, named 1845 succeeded Sir Henry Bishop (de-
Zahradka and Zozal- ceased) as its regular conductor. In 1846
skv, but in 1804 his he went to Leipsie, having accepted Men-
talent attracted the delssohn's offer of the post of first professor
notice of Diouys "We-
ber, director of the Prague Conservatory,
who brought him up on the pianoforte works
of Bach, Handel, and, more especially, of
Mozart and Clementi. His progi-ess both on
the pianoforte and in comiDosition was so as-
tonishing that in 1808 he jolayed a concerto
of his own in public. lu ISOG, on his fa-
ther's death, he was sent to Vienna to seek
his own livelihood as j)ianist and teacher,
and also to study counterpoint under Al-
brechtsberger, and composition under Sa-
lieri. Here he soon became a favourite in
the best musical circles, and in 1814 he
was commissioned by Artaria to prepare
the pianoforte score of Beethoven's Fidclio,
under the composer's His
supei-vision.
warm intimacy with which
Beethoven,
lasted until the latter's death, dates from
about this period. At this time also sprang .
j ' WiX\.\ie,s
up an eager, l)ut wholly friendly rivalry be-
tween him and Meyerbeer, who was mak-
ing a considerable stir in Vienna as a jiian-
ist. Moscheles soon struck out into new
paths, and became virtually the founder of Tomb of Moscheles, Leipsie.
a new school of pianoforte playing, less by

the brilliancy of his execution and the new of the pianoforte at the Conservatorium,
technical difBculties he conquered than by the world-wide renown which was in no
of
the variety of c[ualities of tone he drew small degree owing to him. He remained
from the instrument by previously un- in Leipsie the rest of his days. As a com-
known modifications of touch. It was he poser Moscheles ranks among the first
more than anyone else who brought the art after the great geniuses. His concerto in
of pianoforte playing to the condition in G minor, op. 60 ; the concerto pathetique,
B90
;
MOSCIIELES
op. 93 ; the Hommage a Hrendel, for two viola, 'cello, and double-bass, op. 42 ; Grand
jjiauofortes, op. 92, Charakteiistische rondeau brillant, for do., op. 43 Fantasie,
the ;
Studien, op. 1)5, ami, above all, the world- Variationen und Finale iiber das bijhmische
famous 2J: Etudes, op. 70, are ranked Volkslied "To gsau Koue," for pianoforte,
among the undoubted classics of the piano- violin, clarinet and 46 Intro- 'cello, op. ;
forte. As was especially noted duction et variations concertantes, for piano-

a pianist he
for his improvisations, and for the exactness forte, violin, and 'cello, op. 17 Grand trio, ;
with which he adapted his style of perform- for do., op. 84 Grande sonate coucertante, ;
ance to the music he was playing. To hear for pianoforte and flute, op. 44 Sonate ;
him 2)lay in turn Bach, Mozart, and Beet- concertante, for do. (or violin), op. 79 ;
hoven was like hearing three distinct pi- Other works for pianoforte and violin (or
anists. This adaptive side of his talent flute), op. 21, 36, 37, 59, 78, 82 C. For pi- ;
showed itself also in composition few men anoforte and horn, op. 63, 138 For piano- ; ;
have had such a faculty of imitating the forte and guitar, op. 20 Sonata for piano- ;
styles of other writers. There seems, how- forte and 'cello, op. 121 Duo concertant ;
ever, to have been a curious defect iu his for do. (or bassoon), op. 34 Melodisch- ;
rhythmic sense he never could play two contrapuuktische Studien, 10 jsreludes from
;
simultaneous incommensurable rhythms J. S. Bach's Wohltemperirtes Clavier, with

with any degree of independence. 'cello obligate, op. 137.
Works I. Orchestral : Symphony No. 1, IV. For pianoforte Sonatina, op. 4 So- : ;
iu C, op. 81 (Leipsic, Kistuer) ; Overture to natas, op. 22, 27 (caractcristique), 41, 49

Jeanne d'Arc, op. 91 (ib.). (melancholique) Studies, op. 70, 95, 107, ;
n. Concertos, etc., with orchestra Con- 111, 126 Variations (mostly on operatic :
;
cert de societe, for pianoforte and small themes), op. 1, 2, 5-7, 15, 23, 29, 39, 50,
orchestra, op. 45 Concerto No. 2, in E- 128, 139
; Miscellaneous, in various forms, ;
flat, for jjianoforte and orchestra, op. 56 ;

op. 3, 8, 9, 11-14, 18, 19, 24-26, 28, 38, 40,
Concerto No. 3, in G minor, for do., op. GO 51-55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 65-68, 71-74, 82a,
Concerto No. 4, for do., op. 64 Concerto ; 85-87a, 89, 94, 98-101, 103-106, 108-110,
No. 5, in C, for do., op. 87 Concerto fan- ; 113, lis, 120, 122-124, 127, 129, 133-135,
tastique. No. 6, for do., ix 90 Concerto ; 141, 142, and 27 without opus number.
pathetique, No. 7, for do., op. 93 Concerto ;
pastoral. No. 8, for do. op. 96 La marche , ;
d'Alesaudre, varic, for do., oj). 32 Souve- ;
nirs d'Irlaude, grande fantaisie for do., ojj.

69 ; Anklilnge aus Schottland, Fantasie for
do., op. 75 ; Fantaisie sur des airs des
bardes ecossais, for do., 4 hands
do., Grande sonate, in E-flat,
op. 80 ; Souvenirs For :
de Dauemark, 47 Grande sonate symphonique. No.

fantaisie for do., op. 83 ;
op. ;
FranzOsisches Rondo for pianoforte and 2, op. 112 Other works, op. 10, 30, 31, 33, ;
violin coucertanti, with small orchestra, op. 76, 102, 130, 140 Duo concertant on the ;
48. march from Preciosa (with Mendelssohn),

m. For pianoforte with other instru- for 2 j)ianofortes, op. 87b Hommage a ;
ments Grand septuor, for pianoforte, vio- Htendel, for do., op. 92 Les contrastes,
: ;
lin, viola, clarinet, horn, 'cello, and double- for do., 8 hands, op. 115.
bass, op. 88 Grand sextuor, for pianoforte,

; V. Songs: Op. 16, 97, 116, 117, 119, 125,
violin, 2 horns, and 'cello, op. 35
flute, ;
131, 132, 136. Aus Moscheles' Leben
Grandes variations sur une melodic uatio- (Leipsic, Duncker & Humblot, 1873) ;
nalc autrichieuue, for pianoforte, 2 violins, Grove ; Mendel.

5'Jl
: ;
MOSCUZZA
MOSCUZZA, VINCENZO, born
a general
at Syra- Lucignano,
Agia, Orosmane's ;
cuse, April, 1827, still Dra- love

liviug, Costanza, wife of Lucignano
1889. and ; ;
matic composer, studied counterpoint aud Ismeno, minister. It was given in French
composition in his native town, later iu as Moise en Egypte, the libretto revised by
Naples.
Works Operas Stradella, given Etienne Jouy aud Balocchi, aud the music
:
iu Naples, San Carlo, 1850 Eufemia, ib. i-earranged by Rossini, at the Academie
; ;
Don Carlos, ib., 18G2 Piccarda Donati, Royale de Musique, Paris, March 2G, 1827.
;
Florence, Teatro della Pergola, 18G3 Gon- The work was performed as an oratorio,
;
zales Davila, Syracuse, 18G9 Quattro rus- " The Israelites in Egypt or, The Passage
; ;
tici, Florence, Politeama, 1875 Francesca of the Red Sea," with additions from Han-
;
da Rimini, Malta, 1877. He is said to liave del's Israel iu Egypt, and with scenery, at
written fourteen other operas, not yet given. Covent Garden, Loudon, Feb. 15, 1833.
Fetis, Sujjpli'ment, ii. 215. Itwas first sung in New York iu March,
MOSE IN EGITTO, opera seria in three 1835, and by the Handel and Haydn So-
acts, text by Tottola, music by liossini, ciety, Boston, in 1845. Rossini's later version
first represented at the San Carlo, Najsles, was represented in New York, May 7,
first
March 5, 1818. Original cast 1860, with Patti, Brignoli, Susini, and Ferri
in the cast. The work was given at the
Mosi' (B.) Signor Benedetti.
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, Lon-
Faraone (B.) Siguor Porto.
don, April 20, 1850, as Zora, with Tamber-
Osiride (T.) Signor Nozzari.
lik, Taniburini, Soldi, Zelger, Mine Castel-
Elcia (S.) Mile Colbran.
lan, and Mile Vera. The Sacred Harmonic
The work pictures the sorrows of the Israel- Society sang it at Exeter Hall, London,
ites, their appeal to Moses, the plague of May 24, 1878, with great success, in an
darkness, the exodus of the Hebrews, tlio English version l\y Arthur ]\Iatthison. Pub-
pursuit by Pharaoh, and the passage of the lished by Troupenas (Paris) by Breitkopf ;
Red Sea. Owing to imperfect stage ma- & Hilrtel (Leijwic, 1823) aud by Schott ;
chinery this last scene was received with (Mainz, 1829). Oratorios ou the same sub-
derision, until Rossiniadded the fine prayer, ject Mo.se liberato da Nilo, by Gasjjariui, :
"Dal tuo sung by Moses Vienna, 1703 and by Porsile, ib., ]\Iarch
stcllato soglio," ;
and the Israelites on the banks. This num- 1, 1725 Mosu preservato, by Francesco ;
ber, which is often heard in concerts, was Conti, ib., 1720 Mosi; riconosciuto, by ;
sung by the pupils of the Paris Conserva- Schuster, Dresden, 17SG Moso iu Egitto, ;
toire at Rossini's funeral, Nov. 21, 1808, bj' Leopold Kozeluch, Vienna, 1700 ;
and was played on the violin by Sivori with Moses, by Stegmann, about 1800 by Ig- ;
great effect at the services held in mem- naz von Seyfried, about 1800 Mosc nell' ;
ory of Rossini in Florence. Another note- Egitto, text by Leopold Villati, music by
worthy number is the scene between the Iguazio Conti, Vienna, March 22, 1829 ;
lovers Elcia and Osiride, " Parlar spiegar." Moses Errettuug, by Lindpaintner, about
The work was sung as an oratorio at the Ita- 1830 Moses, by Franz Lachner, text by ;
hens, Paris, Oct. 22, 1822, aud in the same Bauernfeld, about 1835 Moses, by A. ;
year at Covent Garden, London, under the ]i. Marx, Breslau, December, 1841 by Aloys ;
direction of Bochsa. It was given at the Schmitt, text by Kilzer, Frankfort-on-the

King's Theatre, London, April 23, 1822, Main, April, 1844 and by Berlijn, Magde- ;
as Pietro 1' Eremita, with the characters burg, 1844. Operas Moses, by Franz :
changed to Noureddin, Sultan of Egypt Xaver Siissmayer, Vienna, 1792; by Tuczek,

Fatima, his wife Orosmane, his son Pie- ib., 1804 by Uber on Klingemaun's drama,
; ; ;
tro r Eremita, leader of the Crusaders Cassel, 1812 Mozes op deu Nijl, by Emil
; ;
691
;
MOSEL
Wambacli, Antweqi, 1881 and sacred MOSES AND THE CHILDEEN OF IS-
;
opera in eight scenes, text b_y JMoseuthal, E.A.EL, double chorus in C major, the " In-
music by Rubinstein, op. 112 (1887). Ed- troitus " of Part H. of Handel's Israel in
wards, Eossini, 190, 301 Opera, Egypt, leading up to the double chorus,
; do., Hist.
ii. 1G3 Escudier, Rossini, 48, 95, 195
; Vie " I will sing unto the Lord," which recurs ;
de Eossini par uu dilettante, 155 Clement again, with some variation, at the close of
;
et Larousse, 459 Lajarte, ii. 125 Hans- the oratorio.

; ;
lick, Moderne Oper, 114 ; Ebers, Seven MOSONYI (MICHAEL BEAND), called,
Years of tlie born at Boldog-Aszony, Hungary, Sept. 4,
King's Theatre, 157 ; Jullien,
Goethe et la musique, 33 Harmonicon 1814, died in Pcsth, Oct. 31, 1870. Dra-
;
(1825), 82, 90, 112 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., matic and national composer
; at the age ;
XXV. 777 Neue Zeitg., xxxix. 4 Revue of twenty he went to Presburg, was influ-
; ;
musicale, i. 181, 300; Athena3um (1850), enced by Turanyi, and remained seven years
458 (1878), i. 70S Signals (1887), 929.
;
in the service of Count Pejachevits as pi-
;
MOSEL, IGNAZ FEANZ, Edler VON, anoforte teacher. About 1842 he settled in
born in Vienna, April Pesth, and soon became known in musical
1, 1772, died there, circles. Liszt wished to perform his Ger-
April 8, 1844. Dra- man opera Maximilian in Weimar, but sug-
matic comj)oser and gested some changes, which so discouraged
writer on music, pu- the composer that he threw his score
pil of Joseph Fischer into the fire. His first compositions were
studied also fine arts, classical iu st3'le and appeared under his
and entered the gov- real name of Brand later he became a cham- ;
ernment service. He pion of the Hungarian national music and

conducted the first \ took the pseudonym of ]\Iosonyi, which is
festivals of the Ge- simplj' the translation of his name into
sellschaft der Musikfreunde in 1812-16, and Magyar. With Abranyi he published a
was ennobled and appointed Hofrath. He journal of Hungarian music. Liszt consid-
acted as vice-director of both court theatres ered him the noblest rej)resentative of Hun-
in 1820-29, and was first custodian of the garian music, and Wagner praised some of
Imperial Library from 1829 until his death. his compositions. Works Szep Ilonka, :
Works Cyrus nnd Astj'ages, oiêra, 1818 Hungarian opera, Pesth, 18G1 Almos, do.
:
; ;
DieFeuerprobe, Singspiel, 1811; Der Mann (not performed) Hungarian music Can- ; ;
von vierzig Jahren (Kotzebue), do. Salem, tata Symphony Symphonic work iu mem- ; ; ;
lyric tragedy, 1813 Hermes uud Flora, ory of Count Szechenyi

; Triumph and ;
cantata, 1812 Hj'gaea, do., 1814

; Missa Mourning of the Honved, symphonic poem ; ;
solennis Overtures and entr'actes

; Dances Overture with the national air Szozat ; ;
and songs and many writings, the most Church music

;
Studies for the improve- ;
important being, Versuch ciuer Aesthetik ment of national Hungai'ian music, for pi-
des dramatischen Tonsatzes (Vienna, 1813) anoforte Songs. Wurzbach Fctis, Sup- ; ; ;
Ueber das Lebeu xmd die "Werke des An- plement, ii. 247 Mendel, Erganz., 290 ; ;
tonio Salieri (ib., 1827) Ueber die Origi- Eiemann. ;
nal-Partitur des Eequiems von W. A. Mo- MOST BEAUTIFUL APPEAE. See In

zart (ib., 1829) Geschichte der Hofbiblio- holder Anmuth.
;
thek (ib., 1835) Die Tonkunst in Wieu

; MOSZKOWSKI, MOEITZ, born at Bres-
wiihrend der letzten fiinf Dezeunien (ib., lau, Aug. 23, 1854, still living, 1889. Pi-
1808, revised, 1840). Wurzbach Fetis N. anist, first instructed iu his native city,
; ;
Necrol. der D. (1844), i. 350 Schilling. then at the Conservatorium iu Dresden,

;
593

MOTO
finally in Berlin pupil at Stern's Conserva- and instrumental composer. He studied
toriiim and Kullak's Akademie, at which he music iu Amsterdam, then went to Paris,
taught for several joined the orchestra of the Comedie Ita-
years. In 1873 he gave lienne as violinist in 1774, and was j)en-

his first concert in sioued iu 1809. Works Operas Les :
Berlin, and has since uymphes de Diane, given in Paris, Theatre

repeatedly appeared de la Foire, 1753 La servante justifice, ;
there,and in Paris, Fontainebleau, Coui't Theatre, 1773. Sym-

Warsaw, and other phony for grand orchestra G quartets for ;
g;
cities, winning con- strings. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 249. ;
siderable reputation. MOULINGHEM, LOUIS CHARLES,

Jeanne d'Ai-c, born at Haarlem iu 1753, died probably in
Works :
symphonic poem Suite Paris. Violinist and dramatic comijoser,

;
for orchestra Concerto for pianoforte do. brother of Jean Bajjtiste.

;
; He was in-
for violin 2 Conzertstiicke for violin and structed in Amsterdam, then went to Brus-
;
pianoforte Spanish dances, for pianoforte

;
sels, to enter the orchestra of Prince Charles
;
^ . ^-^^^în^
of Lorraine, left this
chef d'orchestre successively of several pro-
vincial opera companies, and in 1785 set-
position to become
Conzert-Walzer, for do.Other pianoforte tled in Paris, to teach music. Works

;
music, and songs. Eiemann

Fetis, Sup- Operas Les talents a la mode, given on
; :
plement, ii. 240. the provincial stages of France, about 1785 ;
MOTO PERPETUO. See Ferpetuum Les ruses de I'amour, ib., 1790 Le mari ;
mobile. sylphe, ib., 1790 Les amants rivaux, Les ;
MOTTL, FELIX, born iu Vienna, in deux contrats, ib., 1790 Le mariage mal- ;
1856, still living, heureux, ib., 1795 Le vieillard amoureux, ;
1889. Dramatic com- ib., 1810 Horipheme Sylvaiu (with Le- ; ;
poser, pupil of Josef grand and Davesne). Fetis do., Supple- ;
Hellmesberger, the ment, ii. 249.

elder, at the Conser- MOUNTAIN SYLPH, THE, romantic
vatorium, where he ballet opera in two acts, text by J. T.
won several prizes. Thackeray, music by John Barnett, repre-
Called to conduct the sented at the English Opera House (Ly-
academic Wagner- ceum), London, Aug. 25, 1834. From this
Verein in Vienna, he work, says Professor MacfaiTen, dates the
at once manifested establishment of an English di-amatic school.
his eminent fitness as Grove, i. 141.
an orchestra conductor, and in 187G was one MOUNT OF OLIVES, THE. See Chris-
of the most active members of the so-called tits am Oelberge.
Nibelungen-Kanzlei, entrusted with the re- MOUEET, JOSEPH, born at JEAN
hearsals for the Festspiele at Bayreuth. In Avignon in 1682, died in Paris, Dec. 22,
1881 he succeeded Dessoff as Hof-Kapell- 1738. Dramatic and instrumental com-
meister at Carlsruhe. His opera Agnes poser studied music in Paris, and soon ;
Beruauer was given successfully at Weimar, after 1707 was made maitre de chapelle to
1880. Mus. Woehenblatt (1886), 372. the Duchesse de Maine, later musician to
MOULINGHEM, JEAN BAPTISTE, the king, du'ector of the Concerts Spirituels,
born at Haarlem, in 1751, died, probably in and composer at the Comedie Italienne. In
Paris, after 1809. Violinist, and dramatic 1836 he suddenly lost these apiôintments,
5'J-l
;
MOURIR
became insane, and was taken to tlie asj-lum Neue Zeitschr., sxvi. 207 Allgem. mus. ;
of Chareuton. Works
Operas Les fetes de Zeitg., xlviii. 48, 206, G19 Revue et Gazette
: ;
Thalie, given in Paris, Opera, 171-t ; Ariaue, musicale de Paris (1857), 225.
ib., 1717 Pirithoiis, ib., 1723 Les amours
; ; MOUTON, JEAN (Joannes Mottonus),
des Dieus, ib., 1727 Le triomphe des sens,
; born in the Deisartement de la Somme,
ib., 1732 Les graces, ib., 1735 Ragonde,
; ; France, about 1475, died at Saint-Quentin,
oil la soiree de village, ib., 1742. Music to Oct. 30, 1522. He studied counterpoint
about fifty comedies, farces, vaudevilles, under Josquiu Despres was successively ;
etc., given at the Comudie Italienue ; Mu- in the service of Louis XII. and Fran9ois
sic to several plays, given at the Comedie I.; afterwards canon of Therouanne and,
Franjaise ; Divertissement and 2 intermedes probably from 1513, canon of the collegiate
for the private theatre of the Duchesse de church at Saint-Quentin, where he lies bur-
Maine ; Cantatas and divertissements for ied. He was one of the most noted com-
the Concerts Spirituels Motets Sonatas for
; ; posers of his day a worthy follower of the ;
2 violins or flutes. Fotis

do., Supplement, great Josquin.
;
ii. 219 ;Mendel. Published works Motets Motetti, col- :
MOURIll POUR LA PATRIE, refrain of lect. (Venice, Andreas de Autiquis, 1521)

the song "Roland :i Ronoevaux," by Roiiget (In illo tempore Maria Magdalena Per ;
de Lisle, written in 1792. It was inserted lignum salvi facti sumus Felix namque ;
into the drama, " Le chevalier de maison est virgo Factum est silentium Quseramus ; ;
rouge," by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste cum pastoribus Tua est potentia Salus ; ;
Maquet, first represented at the Theatre unica lapsis Joeundare Jerusalem Sancte ; ;
Historique, Paris, Aug. 3, 1847. The mu- Sebastiane, ora pro nobis) Petrucci, Mot. ;
sic was adapted by 31. A. Varney, chef d'or- della corona. Lib. I. (Gaudo Barbara be-
chestre of the theatre. It received the ata Nos qui vivimus Laudate Deum in ; ;
name of " Chant des Girondins," and was Sanctis Ecce Maria geuuit nobis Beata ; ;
accepted at once as a national air. Two Dei genitrix Christum regem regum ; ;
anonymous verses were added in 1S48, iu Benedicta est ccelorum regina Cceleste ;
which year this song was sung as a sort of beneficium) lb.. Lib. II. (Illumiuare Jeru- ;
Slarseillaise.
Larousse, iv. 54. salem Factum est silentium Homo quidam ; ;
MOURN THOU, POOR HEART. See fecit coenam Maria Virgo semper Iretare ; ;
Oheron. Non nobis, Domine Noe, Noe, psallite) ; ;
MOURN, YE AFFLICTED CHILDREN, lb., Lib. HI. (Quis dabit ociilis nostris
opening chorus iu C minor, iu Handel's Quam pulchra es, attributed to Josquin, but
Judas Maccabfeus. almost surely by Mouton) ; Petrucci, Mot.,
IMOUSQUETAIRES DE LA REINE, Lib. IV. (0 Maria virgo ]}ia ; O quam fulges
LES (The Queen's Musketeers), oprra-coin pctheris) ; Novum et insig. op. musicum
inique in three acts, textby Saint-Georges, (In illo tempore accesserunt) Lib. cant, ;
music by Halevy, first represented at the select, q. v. Mutetus vocant (Missus est An-
Opera Comique, Paris, Feb. 3, 184G. It gelus Gabriel) Cant, select, ultra Cent., ;
was received with great applause, and Nesciens mater, also Glarean, pp. 4G6-4G7 ;
is one of Halcvy's best opuras-comiques. Ulhardt, Concent. 8 etc. voc, Surgens Jesu
Plot original scene in Poitiers in the amortuis. Petrejus, Psalmi Pt. I. Psalms:
;

reign of Louis NTH. It was revived at the Domine Deus noster Alleluia, confitemini. ;
Opera Comique, Paris, July 10, 1857. Miserere mei Pt. II. Iu exitu Israel. ;
PubUshed in French and German, transla- Montanus & Neuber Evangelia dominie, et
tion by J. C. Griinbaum, by Schlesinger festar. dierum, 4 motets. Magnum opus,
(Berlin, 1847). Clement et Larousse, 4G7 coutineus, etc. Quis dabit oculis Elisa-
;
: ;
;
MOZAllT
beth Zacbarioc ;
Qureramus them through almost all European coun-
Dnlees exuvim ;
'
cum pastoribus ; tries, lived a few years in Italy, and returned

Alleluia ; Noli Here Maria ;
In illo tempore accesserunt ad Jesum Phari- to Salzburg, to leave it no more. VSôrks :
ssei (4 voc.)
Per lignum Tua est potentia 12 oratorios Many symphonies, 18 of which
; ; ;
Missus est Gabi-iel (5 voc.) Salva nos, have been published Oflertorium de Sa- ;
Domine, vigilantes (G voc). Pierre Attai- cramento, for 4 voices, with organ, horn, and
gnaut, Coll. Mot. Gaude, virgo Catbarina
: strings Missa brevis, do. Litania; breves, ; ; ;
Glorios. princiiJes Jeri. Jacob. Modernus, do.

; Litauia de veuerabili Concertos for ; ;
Mottet., Lib. I. (Lyons, 1532).

Pater pec- wind instruments La cantatrice ed il pioeta, ;
cavi. Glareau, Cbristus resurgeus (wrongly intermezzo ; jNIusikalischo Schlittenfahrt,

att. to Richafort). Pierre Attaiguant, 7 bks. divertissement ; Music for pantomimes ; 30
masses, Missa d'Allemagne
tia. Andreas de Antiquis, Lib. 1.5 missarum
(Rome, 1516), Alma redemptoris Dites moi
; Tua
;
est poten- grandes
uades, for several
instruments;
sere- ^-^
yyLc 'o^^
toutes vos pensees. Jacob. Modernus, Lib. Military music ;
10 Missarum, Quern dicunt homines. Pe- Trios for strings Music for organ; ; G sonatas
trueci, 5 masses by Mouton (Venice, 1508, Me- and many other pieces for pianoforte ;
and Fossombrone, comjjlete copy in British The operas attributed to thod for viohn.
Museum, 1515) Sine nomine Alleluja him, were composed by his son. Fetis
: ; ;
;
Alma redemptoris Alia sine nomine Re- Gerber ; Mendel Riemann Schilling ; ; ; ; ;
giua mearum. Wurzbach.

Unpublished works Motets, Noli flcre MOZ.ART, "WOLFGANG AMADEUS,
:
Maria Ave fuit prima salus Accesserunt

; ; born at Salzburg,
ad Jesum Laudate Puer natus Rlumi-
; ; ; Jan. 27, 1756, died
narc Jerusalem Egregie Christi martyr.,
; there. Dee. 5, 1791.
in MSS., defect., Vienna Lil)rary. 22 mo- He was christened
tets in MS. score in British Museum same ; Joannes Chrysosto-
collection printed by Le Roy, 1555. nius Wolfgangus
Masses, De Simcta Triuitate (.Vmbraser Theophilus his fa- ;
Sammluug). Sine cadentia, in Cambrai ther used to trans-

Library.
Ambros, iii. 278 Fi'tis Grove. ; ; late Theojjhilus by
MOZART, (JOHANN GEORG) LEO- Gottlieb. Mozart,
^f^^^^*^ POLD, born at in signing earlier

Augsburg. Nov. 14, added his confirmation name, Sigis-
letters,
1719, died at Salz- mundus. His first works, and those pub-
burg, May 28, 1787. lished in Paris in 1764, were signed J.
Violinist, and church G. Wolfgang, and afterwards Wolfgang
composer studied ; Amade in private life he was always Wolf-
;
music as chorister gang. He was one of the most astounding

in the convents of instances of musical precocity, his musical
his native town, and education, which he owed almost entirely
.:>i#>l>''
later at Salzburg, to his father, beginning with pianoforte
while taking a course of law at the univei-sity lessons at the age of three. He soon be-
joined the orchestra of the Prince Bishop gan to compose, and to receive instruction
as viohnist and court musician in 1743, and on the violin. From 1762 to 1769 he and
was appointed Vizekapellmeister in 1763. his sister Marianne led the life of child
After completing the musical education of prodigies, only it is to be noted that Wolf-
his children, he made concert tours with gang was known almost from the begin-
5%
MOZAET
597
MOZART
iiing quite as much as a composer as a iî- him his Conzertmeister, but without salary.
auist. Their first professional tour with He was now and
his period of
thirteen,
their father (Janu- child-wonderhood may be
considered as
ary, 17G2, to Janu- over he was already recognized as a com-
;
ary, 17G3) was to poser. In December, 1769, he set out with

^Munich, Linz, Vien- his father on his famous trip, or, rather, his
na, and Presburg. triumphal progress, through Italy. This
The second (June was through Innsbruck, Eovei'edo, Verona,
9,1763, to Novem- Mantua Milan, where he met Piccinui and
;
Giambattista Sammartini (with the latter

ber, 17GG) included
Munich, Augsburg, of whom he did some work in counter-
Sc h we tz ingeu, point) Parma, Bologna (where he met
;
Mainz, Frankfort-on-the-Maiu, Coblentz, Farinelli and Padre Martini, with whom

Aix-la-Chaj)elle, Brussels, Paris, London, he worked at fugue), Florence (March 30,
Canterbury, Bourne, back through The 1770, where he met the Marquis de Ligni-
Hague, Amsterdam, Ghent, Haarlem, ville and Thomas Linley) Kome to Naples
;
Mechlin, Paris, Lyons, Geneva, Lausanne, (May 8, where he met Jommelli) back again
;
Berne, Ziirich, SchafThausen, Donaueschiug- through Home (June 25, where the Pope
en, and Biberach. The success of the conferred upon him the order of the Gol-
children was universal in every capital
; den Spur, " the same as Gluck's "), Bologna
they visited they played repeatedly at (July 20, where he was made comjôsitore
court, and at many of the concerts the pro- to the Accademia Filarmoiiiea, and received
grammes were almost entirely of compo- a voluntary testimonial from Padre Mar-
sitions by Wolfgang. In Frankfort he was tini), Milan (Oct. 10, where he wrote and
heard by Goethe in Paris (Nov. 18, 1763, to produced his Mitridate, which had been or-
;
April 10, 1764) four of his sonatas for piano- dered of him there on his first visit), Tur-
forte and violin were published. In Lon- in back once more to Milan, and through
;
don (AiH-il, 1764, to July 24, 1765) he took Venice, Padua (where an oratorio was or-
singing lessons of Manzuoli, and probably dered of him), Vicenza, Verona, arriving
benefited much by the advice of Johaun in Salzburg, March 28, 1771. On June 5
Christian Bach, with whom he became inti- he was elected (hon-
mate. While staying at Chelsea he wrote orary?) maestro di
his first symphony. While in Geneva the cappella to the Acca-
party visited Ferney, with a letter of intro- demia Filarmonica
duction, but both Voltaire and Mme Denis of Bologna. In Au-
were too sick to see them. Everywhere gust he returned to
they were received and feted by the most Milan to write his
distinguished peojjle. Back in Salzburg serenata Ascanio in
(November, 1766), Wolfgang was put Alba, which com-
through Fux's Gradus. In January, 1768, pletely eclipsed
father and children went to Vienna, where H
a s s e s Ruggiero, '
Wolfgang was commissioned to write his given the evening before. Hasse's admu'a-
first opera. La finta semplice, which, how- tion and friendshiji for him were, however,
ever, was not performed. But a smaller not lessened by this defeat. In December,
German Singsisiel by him, Bastien und 1771, he was home again, and was laid up
Bastienne, was given there. On his return by a severe illness. His friend and pro-
to Salzburg the Finta semplice was given at tector the Archbishop died, and in October,
the palace of the Archbishop, who appointed 1772, he went a fourth time to Milan, where
B98
MOZAllT
his Lucio Silla made a furore. In 1773 lie in earnest he was no longer an infant
;
went to Vieuua, but failed to get a court phenomenon, the whole nmsical life in
appointment ;later to Munich, where he Paris was absorbed by the Gluck-Piccinui
brought out his Finta giardiniera (1775) controversy, and there was no opening for
with great success, aud won high praise an outsidei". He gave some music lessons,
also as a violinist. After this he gave up and brought out a symphony and a few
violin playing in public, although he long other smaller things, but could not get an
kept up a liking for playing the viola in order for an opera. Added to his ill-luck
quartets. His abandoning the violin was came the death (July 3) of his mother. On
a great disappointment to his father, who Sept. 2G, after a cordial meeting with his
saw in him the making of the first violinist old friend Johann Christian Bach, he set
in Europe. From March, 1775, to Septem- out to return to Salzburg, going by Nancy
ber, 1777, he stayed in Salzburg, working and Strasburg, and arriving in October.
hard at composition. His relations with In November he went to Mannheim, but
the new Archbishop, Hierouymus, Graf von failed to get any profitable work, aud his
Colloredo, were unsatisfactory, and at last father ordered him to come home forth-
he applied for a discharge from service, with. He arrived, Dec. 25, at Munich,
w^hich was gi-anted. He was now twenty- where he found the Webers, but Aloysia
one, aud here his great period as a com- him, and he returned home in July,
jilted
1779. He heartily disliked Salzbvirg, even
to his duties as Conzertmeister and organ-
ist at court and at the cathedral, where he
had succeeded Adlgasser at a salary of 400
fiorins(about $200). On Jan. 29, 1781,
Idomeneo, the first of his great opei-as, the
one which decided his rank as dramatic
composer, was given nnder Sehikaneder's
baton in IMuuich, during the Carnival and ;
on March IG he joined the Archbishop in

Vienna. His position soon became intoler-
able ; ho w'as obliged to dine at the ser-
vants' table, aud his protector treated him
ML with every indignity. When the Arch-
Mozart's Biithplace. bishop returned to Salzburg in the summer,
in a huff at his unpopularity at court, Mo-
poser begins. On Sept. 23, 1777, he set zart was the first to be turned out of the
out again, this time with his mother, going house. He went to live with the Webers ;
through Munich and Augsburg to Mann- the father was dead, and Aloysia married to
heim (Oct. 30), where he became intimate Joseph Laufe, a court actor. He made two
with Wieland the poet, and with many a^jplications to the Archbishop for a formal
noted musicians, but failed to get a posi- discharge, but the only release from service
tion in the Elector Karl Theodor's Ka- he ever got was a kicking by that dignitary
jielle. He fell in love with Aloysia Weber, and a shower of bad language. He was
daughter of the prompter and cojiyist at now fixed in Vienna, where he married
the theatre and to break off the match,
; Constanze Weber, a younger sister of the
his father wrote him from Salzburg to go faithless Aloysia, Aug. IG, 1782. He was
immediately to Paris, where he ai'rived, very poor, aud found but few pupils his ;
March 23, 1778, His troubles now began main source of income was composition
MOZART
and concert-giving, of wliicli lie did a great patron and pupil Prinz Karl Lichnowski to
deal but lie could get no aijpoiutmeut at
; Berlin, stopping on the way to give concerts
court, and the Italian Opera was monopo- in Dresden and Leipsic. In Berlin Fried-
lized by Sarti and PaisieUo. He contem- rich "Wilhehn II. offered him the post of
plated a trip to Paris and London, but was KaptUmeister, with a salary of 3,000 Thalers
dissuaded by bis father. A son, Karl, was ($2,500), but he refused, preferring to stay
born, June 17, 1783. In July he went to in Emperor Josejjh's service. All he gained
Salzburg to conduct a mass at the cathe- was glory, in spite of several
by this trip
dral, and to present his wife to his family
concerts and two presents of a hundred
;
but neither his father, who had warmly op-Friedrichs d'or from the King of Prussia, and
a hundred ducats from the King of Saxony.
posed the match, nor his sister ever got to
like her, and he returned to Vienna in Oc-After his return to Vienna his jjoverty was
tober. In 178.5 his father visited him, rendered doubly unbearable by his wife's
meeting Joseph Haj'dn, who was loud in constant ill-health. The Emperor, stimu-
his praises of Wolfgang. The father's lated by hearing of the King of Prussia's
health failecl shortly after his return to offer, ordered another opera of him, Cos!
Salzburg, and he never saw his son again. fan tutte (given, Jan. 2G, 1790). The run
In October, 1785, the stage of the Ger- was interrupted by the Emperor's death
man Opera was again open to him, (Feb. 20). No musician had anything to
and he brought out his Schauspieldirek- hope from his successor, Leopold II. Mo-
tor but a iierforiuauce of Idomeueo at
; zart applied for the post of second Kapell-
the palace of Prinz Auersperg was of meister, but all he could get was the ap-
more importance to him, as it attracted pointment as assistant Kapellmeister (with-
the notice of the dramatist Lorenzo da out pay) to Hoffmann at the cathedral,
Poutc (born at Ceneda, Venetian States, with the right to succeed him at his death.
March 10, 174'J, died in New York, Aug. 17, In October, 1791, he went to Fraukfort-on-
1838), who engaged to write the text of the-Main to attend Leopold's coronation,
Figaro for him. The opera was given. May stopjjing on theway to play at Eeichstadt,
1, 178G, with almost unprecedented success, and, on the way back, at Mannheim and
but still got him no appointment. He ai,'ain Munich. On Vienna he had
his return to
determined to go to England, but was once Haydn, whom Salomon was
to take leave of
more dissuaded by his father. He, how- taking to London. His affairs were now
ever, went bj' invitation to Prague to wit- worse than ever. He had not played the
ness the success of Figaro. He staid at the pianoforte in public iu Vienna since 1788,
house of Count Johann Josef Thun, and had but made one last appearance, March 4, 1791,
one of the most splendid ovations of his life, at a concert by the clarinet player Biihr.
besides receiving an order for another opera. Schikaneder, who had opened a little thea-
On returning to Vienna ho began a third tre in one of the suburbs, ordered of liim a
time to make arrangements to go to Eng- magic opera, the ZauberfliJte. In July ho
land, his friends Kelly, Nancy Storace, and received the order for the Requiem, just as
Attwood (his own pupil) offering to get him he was setting out for Prague, where he had
some position there. But the overwhelm- been invited to write an opera for the coro-
ing success of Don Giovanni at Prague (Oct. nation of Leopold n. He worked hard at
29, 1787) induced the Emperor to appoint this opera even during his journey thither,
him Kammercompositor, at a salary of 800 and La clemenza di Tito was given on the
Gulden (about $-100) to keep him in Vienna. evening of the coronation, Sept. G, 1791.
His finances, however, still continued des- He was already ill, and suffered severely
perate. In April, 1789, he accompanied hia from the journey. Ou his return to Vienna
0(K)
MOZART
he set to work again on the ZnuberflOte, entailed upon the art of music probably tlie
which was brought out, Sept. 30. He now greatest loss it ever sustained. He had
begiin the Requiem, but was continually in- fully exhausted the musical field of his day,
terrupted by fainting fits he fell into a and his later works, notably Don Giovanni
;
and Die Zauberflute, show that he already

had one foot over the threshold of that do-
main of larger and freer musical forms iu
which Beethoven and, after him, Schumanu
were destined to do their greatest work.
He had a finish and perfection of style which
has since been approached only by Cheru-
bini and Mendelssohn, both of them men of
tar less force of original genius. He com-
bined the highest characteristics of the
Italian and German schools as no man ever
did, before or since. Apart from his music,
however, he seems to have been decidedly
an ordinary man. He was sincerely relig-
ious, and his life was above reproach but ;
his ta.stes were in no way intellectual. He

liked dancing, billiards, ninepins, eating
and drinking (especially punch), fine clothes,
and jolly company his animal spirits were
;
Mozart's Monument, Vienna. unbounded, and he was extravagantly fond

of fun but music was the only intellectual
;
profound melancholy, and fancied he had activity for which he had either inclination
been poisoned. News came that some Hun- or capacity. He was a tremendous worker,
garian nobles had clubbed together to and the stories told of his dissoluteness are
guarantee him an annual sum of money, '
wholly without foundation. Of his pupils

and that a subscription was raised in Am- (of whom he had comparatively few) Thomas
sterdam to buy anything he might compose.
But it was too late he died of malignant
;
typhus before completing his Requiem.

His last finished composition was a can-
tata for the Free Masons' Lodge, Nov. 15.
The funeral, Dec. 6, 1791, was in the open
air at St. Stephen's (the site now occupied
by the Galvani'sches Gebiiude in the Rau-
hensteingasse) he was buried in the
;
churchyard of St. Marx, in the common

paupers' grave. All clue to the actual grave
has been lost, but a monument with a Mozart's Ear. Ordinary Ear.
statue has been erected there to his mem-
ory. Among the di majores of the musical Attwood was his favourite. For a list of por-
Olympus Mozart stands conspicuous for traits of him, see Grove, ii. 404. A complete
combining the finest and most versatile edition of his works is published by Breit-
genius with the most comjjlete and thorough kopf & Hilrtel in Leipsic.
technical musical culture. His eai-ly death Works. I. Dramatic Die Svhuldigkeit des
:
601
; ;
MOZAliT
ersten Gebotes, sacred Siugspiel, 3 parts (first aria ; Popoli di Tessaglia, recit., and lo non
part by Mozart, the two others bj- Michael chiedo, aria ; j\Ia che vi fece, recit., and
Haj'tluauJ Adlgasser), Salzburg, 17G7 Apol- Sperai vicino ; il lido, aria ; Misera, dove
lo et Hj'aciuthus, Latin come Jj', ib., May 13, sou ? and Ah, non son io, aria A
scena, ;
1767 Bastien und Bastienne, operetta, Vien-

; questo seno, recit., and Or che il cielo a me
na, 1768 La^rttasemjjlice, opera buffix, not
;
ti rende, aria Nehmt meinen Dank, aria ;
;
performed Milridata, re di Pouto, opera

; Mia speranza, recit., and Ah, non sai qual
seria, Milan, Dec. 26, 1770 Ascanio in Alba, ; pena, rondo Vorrei spiegarvi, aria No, no,
; ;
festa teatrale, ib., Oct. 17, 1771 Wsogno di ; che non sei capace, do. Ch' io mi scordi, ;
Scipione, dramatic serenade, Salzburg, May, recit., and Non temer, amato bene, rondo
1772 ;Liicio Silla, dramnia per musica, with i)ianoforte obligato Bella mia fiamma, ;
Milan, Dec. 26, 1772 ; li-xjinta giardiniera, recit., and Resta, o cara, aria Ah, se in ciel, ;
opera buffii, Munich, Jan. 13, 1775 ; II rb aria Alma grande, e nobil core, do. Chi sa,
; ;
pastore, festa teatrale, Salzburg, April 23, chi si qual sia, do. Vado, ma dove? do. ;
1775 Zdide,
; operetta (uufiuished, com- B. For contralto Ombra felice, recit., and :
jjletedby Johann Andre), not given Cho- ; Io ti lascio, rondo. C. For tenor Va, dal :
ruses and entr'actes to Thamos, KOnig in furor portata, aria Or che il dover, do. ;
Aegypten, Berlin, 1786 Idomeneo, re di ; Si mostra la sorte, do.; Con ossequio, con
Creta, ossia Ilia ed Idamante, opera seria, risjjetto, do ; Clarice, cara mia sposa,
Munich, Jan. 29, 1781; Die Enffilhrung aua do. ; Se al labbro mio non credi, do.; I'er
dem Serail, comic Singspiel, Vienna, Na- pieta, non ricercate, rondo ; Misero, ognn-
tionaltheater, July 12, 1782 Der Schau- and Aura che intorno, aria. D.
; no, recit.,
spieldireklor, comedy with music, SchOn- For bass Cosi dunque tradisci, recit., :
brunn, Feb. 7, 1786 Le nozze di Figaro, and Aspri rimorsi atroci, aria Alcandro,
; ;
opera buffii, Vienna, Nationalthcater, May 1, lo confesso, recit., and Non so donde viene,
1786 H dissoluto puuito, ossia il Don Gio- aria Mentre ti lascio, o figlia, aria
; Un ; ;
vanni, do., Prague, Oct. 29, 1787 Coxl fan bacio di mano, arietta Rivohjele a lui lo
; ;
tutte, do., Vienna, Jan. 26, 1790 Die Zn- sguardo, aria Ich mOchte wohl der Kaiser
; ;
berjldte, German opera, ib., Sept. 30, 1791 sein, German war-song Per questa bella ;
La demenza di Tito, opera seria, Prague, mano, aria. E. Duets Nun, liebes "Weib- :
Sept. 6, 1791. chen, zlehst mit mir (S. and B). F. Ter-
II. Oratorios and cantatas Passions- zets Mi lagnero tacendo (2 S. and B.)
: :
;
Cantate Die Maurerfreude ; Eine Kleine Ecco, quel fiero (do.) Mandina amabile
; ;
Freimam-er-Cantate Betulia liberata, ora- (S., T., and B.) Piil non si trovano, canzo-
; ;
torio, Padua, 1772 II re pastore, Salz- net (2 S. and B).

; G. Quartet Dite almeuo, :
burg, April 23, 1775. Daviddc penitente, in me mancai (S., T., and 2 B.).
cantate, Vienna, Burgtheater, March 13, rV. Church music 8 Missre breves, in :
1785. G, D minor, F, D, C, C, C, B-flat Missa ;
IIL Arias, etc., witli orchestra A. For so- longa (Credo-Messe) in C 6 other masses, ;
prano : Conservati fedele, aria ; A Berenice, all in C, among tliem themass In honorem
recitative, and Sol nascente, aria ; Per pieta, SSmoc Trinitatis and the Kronungs-Messe ;
bel idol mio, aria ; temerario Ai-bace, Two sets of Litanise Laurentauic, in B-Hat
recit. and aria ; Se tutti i mali miei, aria and 2 do. of Litaniaj de venerabili, in
;
D ;
Fra cento aifanni, do.; Kommt her, ihr B-flat

E-flat and
Dixit and Magnificat, in ;
frechen Siinder, do. ; Voi ch' avete un cor C Vesperae de dominica, in C Vesperse
; ;
fedele, do.; Ah, lo previdi, scena, and Ah, solennes de confessore, in C 5 Kyrie God ; ;
t' invola agli occhi miei, aria ; Alcandro

our Refuge, 4 voc. Veni Sancte Sjjiritus, lo is ;
confesso, recit, and Non so donde viene, 4 voc. and ace; Miserere, 3 voc. and org. ;
Wi
;;
MOZAET
Qiiferite pi-imum, 4 voc. ; 3 Regina Coeli,
I
one or more pianofortes No. 7, for 3 p)i-
4 voc. and ace. ; Te Deum, do. ; 2 Tantum anofortes, in F No. 10, for 2 do., in E-flat ; ;
ergo, do. ; 8 offertories for various voices ;

'
No. 1, for 1 do., in F No. 2, in B-flat No. ; ;
2 Cxermaii Kirchenlieder, for voice and org. ; 3, in D No. 4, in G No. 5, in D No. 6,

; ; ;
De profuudis, 4 voc. and ace. ; Ergo inte- in B-flat No. 8, in C No. 9, in E-flat No.
; ; ;
rest, and aria 2 Motets, Exsultate,

recit. ; 11, in F No. 12, in A No. 13, in C No.
; ; ;
Jubilate, and A ve, verum Graduale ad fes- ; 14, in C minor No. 15, in B-flat No. IG, ; ;
tum B. M. v., 4 voc. and aec. 2 Hymns, do. ; in D No. 17, in G No. 18, in B-flat ; No.
; ;
V. Vocal, witli pianoforte 37 songs 2

: ; 19, in F No. 20, iu D minor No. 21, in; ;
terzets (S., T., and B.) ; 1 3-part chorus 21 ; C No. 22, in E-flat No. 23, in A No. 24,
; ; ;
canons for 2-12 voices. iu C minor No. 25, in C No. 2G, in D ; ; ;
VI. Orchestral 41 symphonies No. 1, : No. 27, in B-flat No. 28 (concert-rondo), iu ;
in E-flat No. 2, in B-flat No. 3, in E-flat

; ; D. Five for violin No. 1, in B-flat No. : ;
No. 4, in D No. 5, in B flat No. G, in F

; ; ; 2, iu D No. 3, in G No. 4, iu D No. 5,
; ; ;
No. 7, in D No. 8, in D No. 9, in C No.

; ; ; in A. Adagio for violin, in E-flat Rondo ;
10, in G No. 11, in D No. 12, in G No.

; ; ; concertant for do., in B-flat Rondo for do.,
;
13, in F No. 14, in A No. 15, in G No.

; ; ; in C ; Concertone for 2 violins, in C Con- ;
IG, in C No. 17, in G No. 18, in F No.

; ; ; certante Symphonie for violin and viola, in
19, in E-flat No. 20, in D No. 21, in A; ; E-flat ; Concerto for bassoon, in B-flat ; do.,
No. 22, in C No. 23, in D No. 24, in B- ; ; for flute and harp, in C ; 2 for flute, in G
flat No. 25, in G minor No. 2G, in E-flat
; ; and D ; Andante for do., in C ; 4 concertos
No. 27, in G No. 28, in C No. 29, in A ; ; for horn, 1 in D, 3 in E-flat ; 1 do. for clar-
No. 30, in D No. 31, in D (/'anscr-Sinfo- ; inet, in A.
nie) No. 32, in G No. 33, in B-flat No.
; ; ;
VIII. Chamber music A. Quintets : 1
34, in C No. 35, in D No. 3G, in
; No. ; ; for pianoforte, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bas-
37, in G No. 38, in D (without minuet)
; ;
soon, in E-flat ; G for 2 violins, 2 violas, and
No. 39, in E-flat No. 40, in G minor No. 41 ; ;
violoncello, in B-flat, C minor, C, G minor,
in C (.Tiqnler). Two Cassationen, in G and D, and E-flat ; 1 for violin, 2 violas, horn,
B-flat 8 serenades, 1 in F, and 7 (among
; and violoncello, in E-flat ; 1 for clarinet, 2
which the Z7a^'er-Serenade) in D ; 1 Noc- violins, and violoncello, iu A Eine
viola, ;
turne for 4 orchestras, in 3 serenades D ; Kleine Nachtmusik, for 2 violins, viola, vio-
for wind instruments, in B-flat, E-flat, and loncello, and double bass, in G Adagio for ;
C minor ; 7 divertimenti for strings and 2 clarinets and 3 basset-horns, iu B-flat ;
wind, in E-flat, D, D, F, D, B-flat, and D do. and rondo, for harmonica, flute, oboe,
10 do., for wind instruments, in E-flat, B- viola, and violoncello, in C minor. B. Quar-
flat, C, C, F, B-flat, E-flat, F, B-flat, and E- tets 2 for pianoforte, violin, viola, and vio-
:
flat ; 1 2 marches, 8 in D, 3 in C, and 1 in loncello, in G minor and E-flat 23 for 2 ;
F ; Allegro (finale for a symphony) in D ;

violins, viola, and violoncello Nos. 1, 3, and
Minuet (for a symphony) in C Maurerische ; 14, in G Nos. 2, 20, and 21, in D Nos. 4,
; ;
Trauerniusik in C minor Ein musikalischer ; 10, and 19, in C Nos. 5, 8, and 23, in F ; ;
Spass, in F ; 41 minuets, in G sets of from Nos. G, 12, 17, and 22, in B-flat Nos. 7, ;
2 to 12 each 2 do. with contradances ; ; 49 11, and IG, in E-flat Nos. 9 and 18, in A ;
;
deutsche Tiinze, in 8 sets of 3-12 each ; 30 Nos. 13 and 15, in D minor 3 divertimenti ;
contradances, either separate or in sets of for do., in D, B-flat, and F Adagio and ;
2-9 each, among them La bataille, Der Sieg fugue for do., in C minor 2 quartets for ;
vom Helden Coburg, and Les filles mali- flute, violin, viola, and violoncello, in D and
cieuses. A 1 do., for oboe, violin, viola, and violon-
;
VII. Concertos with orchestra : 28, for cello, in F. C. Trios : 7 for pianoforte, vio-
; ; ::; :
MUDIE
lin, ami violoncello, in B-flnt, D minor, G, vols., Leipsic, 1867) ; do., in English, trans-
B-flat, E, C, and G ; 1 (Kegelstatt-Trio), for lated by Pauline D. Townsend (3 vols.,
pianoforte, clarinet, and viola, in E-Hat ; London, 1882) ; G. N. von Nissen, Bio-
Divertimento for violin, viola, and violon- graphic W. A. Mozart (Leipsic, n. d.) ;
Klcines Adagio, for 2 basset- Wurzbach, Mozart-Buch (Vienna, 1869)

cello, in E-flrtt ;
;
horns and bassoon, in F. D. Duos 43 so- Oulibicheff, NouveUe biographic de M. (3 :
natas for pianoforte and violin Nos. 1, 9, 13, vols., Moscow, 1844) ; Grove ; Wurzbach.
18, 2i, 27, 38,and 39, in C No. 21, in C mi- ; MUDIE, THOMAS MOLLESON, born
nor; Nos. 2 and 14, in D Nos. 11, 20, 26, ; at Chelsea, England, Nov. 30, 1809, died in
36, and 41, in E-flat Nos. 22 and 28, in E ; London, July 24, 1876. Pupil at the Royal
minor Nos. 8, 15, 17, 19, 32, 33, and 43,
; Academy of Music of Dr. Crotch in com-
in F Nos. 4, 6, 12, 2.5, and 35, in G Nos.
; ; position, of Cipriani Potter for pianoforte,
7, 23, 29, 37, and 42, in A Nos. 3, 5, 10, ; and of "Wilhnan for clarinet, and was
IG, 31 (one movement), 84, and 40, in IB- professor of pianoforte at the Academy in
flat 12 variations for do., on La bergcre
; 1832-44. In 1834-40 he spent much time
Silimcue, in G 6 do., on Hclas, j'ai perdu
; in the service ofLord Monson at Gatton,
mon amant, in G minor 2 duos for violin ; Surrey, where he was organist until 1844.
and viola, in G and B-flat 1 do. for 2 vio- : Many of his works were performed by the
lins, in C 1 sonata for bassoon and violon-
; Society of British Musicians, founded in
cello, in B-flat. 1834. Ho settled in Edinburgh as a teacher
IX. For pianoforte : 5 sonatas for 4 in 1844, but returned to Loudon in 1863
hands, in G, B-flat, D, F, and C Andante and remained
; in comparative obscurity.
and 5 variations for do., in G ; Fugue for 2 Works 48 solos and
: 6 duets for pianoforte ;
pianofortes, in C minor ; Sonata for do., in 19 fantasias ; 3 sacred duets ; a collection

D ; 17 sonatas for pianoforte solo Nos. 1, of 24 sacred songs 3 chamber anthems ; ; ;
7, 10, and 15, in C

No. 14, in C minor 42 songs and 2 duets Several symphonies
; ;
;
Nos. 6, 9, and 17, in No. 4, in E-flat D

Trio, quintet, overture, and other pieces. ;
Nos. 2 and 12, in F No, ; 5, in G ; No. 11, The

scores of his sj-mphonics and all his
in A No. 8, in A minor.
; Four fantasias printed works are in the library of the Eoyal
No. 1 (with fugue), in C Nos. 2 and 4, in Academy of Music.
Grove Eiemann, 611. ;
C minor No. 3, in
; minor 2 rondos, in D
]\IUETTE DE PORTICI, LA (The Dumb ;
D and A minor 15 sets of variations 1 Girl of Portici), French opera in five acts,
; ;
suite, in C 15 smaller pieces Adagio for text by Scribe and Germain Delavigne, nui-
; ;
harmonica 3 pieces for mechanical organ. sic by Aubor, first represented at the Aca-
;
X. For organ with other instruments demic Royale de Musique, Paris, Feb. 29,
11 sonatas for 2 violins, bass, and organ, 2 1828. Original Cast
in C, 1 in E-flat, 2 in B-flat, 3 in D, 2 in F,
and 1 in 2 do. for Masaniello (T.) G ; M. Adolphe Nourrit.
2 violins and bass, or Pietro (B.) M. Dabadie.
organ, in B flat and Elvire (S.) Mile Cinti-Damoreau.
D ; 2 do. for organ Fenella (danseuse) Mile Noblet.
and orchestra.
XI. For works left The scene is near Naples. Fenella, the
unfinished at Mo- dumb girl, whose part is expressed in pan-
zart's death,among which are the Requiem, tomime, escapes from prison and gains the
and the operas L' oca del Cairo and Lo sposo protection of the Princesse Elvire from the
deluso, see Breitkopf & Hiirtel's Catalogue persecutions of an unknown cavalier. Dur-
for 1885, 512. Otto Jahn, W. A. Mozart (2 ing the marriage of the Princesse with Al-
f.04
MUETTE
phonse, son of the Due d'Arcos, she dis- vie." The overture was previously used as
covers that he is her persecutor, and de- a prelude to Le Mlaron. This opera is Au-
nounces him to Elvire. In the second act ber's masterpiece, though its success was
Masaniello, brother of Fenella, excites the partly due to its intense revolutionary
revolutionary spirit of the fishermen, assem- spirit. Its representations in Pai-is in 1830
bled on the sea-shore mending their nets and occasioned great excitement, and Nourrit,
sails. Fenella attempts to throw herself who achieved brilliant success as the hero,
into the sea, but is prevented by Masaniello, rendered it still more popular by singing La
who vows to avenge her wrongs. The third Parisienne at each jserformance. The opera
act is in the market-place, which is crowded was given
times at the Opera, Paris, up
-171
with market-girls and fishermen. Fenella, In London La muette de

to Oct. 28, 1873.
seized by an officer, is rescued by the fisher- Portici was received with demonstrations
men, and Masaniello gives the signal for a from the radicals during the reign of Will-
general uprising, before which they chant iam IV. Its performance in Brussels on
a cappella the celebrated prayer, taken from Aug. 25, 1830, caused the riots which
Auber's mass. The fourth act shows Masa- drove the Dutch from Belgium. The work
niello in his cottage. Fenella enters, de- was forbidden in Italy, but it has been fre-
scribes the tumult in the city, and falls quently represented in Russia, as Fenella.
asleep, while Masaniello sings to her the It was first given in Berlin as Die Stumme
song, " Du
pauvre seul ami fidele," known von Portici, Jan. 12, 1820 in Vienna, April ;
as "L'air du sommeil." Pietro, a fisher- 11, 1829 and in London, at Drury Lane,
;
man, enters with the news of Alphonse's May 4, 1829, as Masaniello, in three acts,
escape, and the two depart. Shortly after- and with Mr. Braham, who achieved great
wards Alphonse and Elvire seek refuge from success, in the title-role. It was performed
the mob within the cottage. Fenella prom- at Covent Garden, London, in Italian,
ises her protection, and Masaniello, on his March 15, 1849, with Signor Mario as Ma-
return, yields to her petition. The iêojjle saniello, and on Ajiril 4, 1850, Tamberlik
rush in with the keys of the town, and pro- made his debut in England in the same
claim Masaniello king. The fifth act opens character with great success. It was given
in the Viceroy's gardens, where a number at Her Majesty's as La muta di Portici,
of fishermen are singing. It is soon an- April 10, 1851. It was first represented in
nounced that the troops are ordered against New York in English, Nov. 28, 1831 and ;
the people, that Vesuvius is in eruption, at the Metropolitan Opera House, in Ger-
and that Masaniello has lost his reason. man, as Masaniello, Feb. IG, 1887. Pub-
Ai-oused by Fenella, he plunges into the lished by Brandus & Dufour (Paris, 1829) ;
fray and is killed. At the news of her by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1829) by ;
brother's death, Fenella joins the hands of Schott (Mainz, 1829) and by Trautwein ;

Alphonse and Elvire, and throws herself (Berlin, 1829). Clement et Larousse, 4G8 ;
into the stream of lava that is flowing Lajarte, ii. 129 Liszt, Gesammelte Schrif- ;
through the town. Among the best num- ten, in.. Part I., 79 Hanslick, Moderue ;
bers of the opera are the chorus " O Dieu Oper, 127 Berliner mus. Zeitg., vi. 27
:
; ;
puissant, Dieu tutL'laire " the barcarolle, Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxi. 16G, 338, GGG
;
;
" Amis, la matinee est belle," previously Eevue musicale, iii. 129, 179 Revue et Ga- ;
used in the earlier opera Emma (1821), sung zette musicale de Paris (1879), 297 Ed- ;
by Masaniello the duet, " Amour sacre de wards, History of the Opera, ii. 195 Athe-
; ;
la patrie," by Masaniello and Pietro Pie- niBum (1829), 285 (1849), 282 (1851), 412
;
; ; ;
tro's barcarolle, " Voyez, du haut de ces Grove, i. 103 Upton, Standard Ojieras,
;
rivages ; " and Elvire 's aria, " Arbitre d'une 14.
605
;
MUFFAT
MUFFAT, AUGUST GOTTLIEB, boru Ballets I
; Overtures ; Choruses and songs.

about died iu Vienna, Dec. 10, 1770.
1()90, Mendel, Ergilnz., 291.
Son and pupil of Georg Mutfat and pupil MULETIER, LE (The Muleteer), French
of J. J. Fux
was court organist to Em- opera-comique in one act, test by Paul de
;
peror Charles VI. and instructor of the im- Kock, after Boccaccio, music by Hcrold,
perial children from 1717 to 17G4, when he first represented at the Opera Comique,
was j)ensioned. Works 72 Versetten oder Paris, Jlay 12, 1823 revived May 7, 1858.
:
;
Fugen, sammt 12 Toccaten, besonders zum Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1858), 153.
Kirchendienst bei Choral-Aemtern und Ves- MULLER, ADOLF, the elder, born at
Tolua, Hungary, Oct. 7, 1802, died in Vi-
enna, July 29, 1886. Dramatic singer and
composer ; began to study music under
Rieger, organist at the Cathedral of Briinn ;
lêru dieulich (Vienna, 172G), for organ ;

later, iu Vienna,
pupil in composition of
Componimenti musicali (ib., 1727), for Joseph Blumenthal. At the age of eight
harpsichord.
Wurzbach Riemann Fetis. he appeared in a concert as jsianist, after-
; ;
IMUFFAT, GEORG, German composer wards devoted himself to the stage, and
of the 17th century, died at Passau, Feb. was a member of the opera successively at
23, 170i. He studied Lully's style in Paris Prague, Lemberg, Brunn, and finally (1823-
for six years was oi-ganist of the Strasbui-g 28) in Vienna, where he was then appoint-
;
Cathedral until 1675, when he was driven ed Kapellmeister at the Theater an der
away by the war. After some time spent Wien. Up to 18G8 he had composed for
in Vienna and Rome, he became organist that stage 579 operas, operettas, melodra-
in 1G90 at Salzburg, and was appointed mas, and other works of various
descrip-
in 1695 Kapellmeister and IMaster of the tion. Works Operas Seraphine, Vienna, :
Pages to the Bishop of Passau. Works

ib., about 1830. : Oct. 22, 1828 ; Astriia,
Suavioris harmonifo instrumentalis hypor- Operettas Wer Anderu eine Grube griibt :
chematicfe florilegium (Augsburg, 1685), 50 fiillt selbst hinein, given in Vienna, 1825
;
pieces for 4 or 8 violins ; Florilegium se- Die schwarze Frau, ib., 182G Die erste Zu- ;
cundum (Passau, 1G98), 62 pieces ; Appara- sammeukunft, ib., 1827. Sixty Siugspiele,
tus musico-organisticus (Augsburg, 1690), burlesques, and parodies Cantata for the ;
12 toccatas, etc. ; Aa-monico tribute (Salz- Emperor's birthday, performed Feb. 25,
burg, 1G82), sonatas ; Auserlesener mit 1825 Grand mass in 8 offertories ; D ;
;
Ernst und Lust gemengter lusti-umental- Quartets for strings 435 compositions for ;
werke erste Versammlung (Passau, 1701). pianoforte, physharmonica, and for voice
Riemann ; Schilling ; Gerber Mendel ;
;
Method for voice. Fetis ; do.,
;
Supplement,
do., Erganz., 292 ; Fi'tis ;Wurzbach. ii. 253 ; Mendel ; Riemann ; Wurzbach.
MUHLDORFER, WILHELM KARL, JMULLER, ADOLF, the younger, born
born at Gratz, Styria, March 6, 1837, still iu Vienna, Oct. 15, 1839, still living, 1889.
living, 1889. Dramatic composer studied Dramatic composer, son and pupil of Adolf
;
music at Linz, Upper Austria, and at Mann- Mailer the elder. In 1864-65 he was Ka-
heim, went on the stage as an actor, and iu pellmeister of the opera at Posen, in 1865-
1855 accepted a position as Kapellmeister 67 at Magdeburg, in 1868-75 at Diissel-
at the Stadttheater iuUlm iu 1867-81 he dorf, and since 1875 of the German Opera
;
acted in the same capacity at Leipsic, and at Rotterdam. Works Operas Heinrich :
since then at Cologne. Works Im Kyif- der Goldschmidt, given at Magdeburg,

:
hiiuser, romantic opera, 1855 Prinzessiu 1866 Waldmeister's Brautfahrt, Hamburg,

;
;
Kebeublute, do. Music for many dramas

; 1873 Van Dyck, Rotterdam, 1877. Oper- ;
606
MitLLER
ettas Das Gespeust iu cTer Splunstube chestra Tautum ergo, for do. 2 masses
:
; ; ;
Der Prinz
kleine Der Hof iiarr, Vienna, for 3-4 voices, orchestra, and organ 2 lit-
; ;
1886; Der Liebeshof, ib., 1888. Quartet anies for 3^ voices, organ, and wind instru-
for strings Trio for pianoforte and strings
; ments 3 Lieder beim Grabe Jesu, for 3 ; ;
Songs.
Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 253 Kie- voices, organ, strings, and wind instru- ;
manu Wurzbacb.
; ments Requiem, for 3 voices, 2 violins, ;
MULLER, AUGUST EBERHARD, born organ obligato, and 2 horns ad libitum ;
at Nordbeim, Hanover, Dec. 13, 17G7, died Vesperfe breves, for voice, organ, strings,
in Weimar, Dec. 3, 1817. Pianist and or- aud wind instruments German vespers,
;
ganist, sou and pupil of tbe organist of for 2 or 3 voices and organ O Deus amor ;
Riutelu also influenced by Jobann Cbris-

; mens, graduale for 4 voices, organ ob-
topb Friedricb Bacb. He began tbe study ligato, strings, aud wind instruments Pauge ;
of law at Leipsic iu 1785, but soon gave it lingua, for 4 voices and organ do., for ;
up resided some time at Brunswick, and

; bass voice and organ Collections of varia-
;
in 1789 became organist of St. Ulricb's at tions for pianoforte.

Futis Mendel. ;
Magdeburg. He made many small concert MULLER, FRIEDRICH, born at Orla-

tours, and in 1791 weut to Leijjsic as organ- miinde, Alteuburg, Dec. 10, 178G, died at
ist of St. Nicholas. In 1800 be was ap- Rudolstadt, Dec. 12, 1871. Virtuoso on tbe
pointed adjunct to Jobann Adam Hiller, clarinet, and instrumental composer in- ;
and succeeded bim iu 1801 as cantor of tlie structed ou several instruments by his
Tbomasscbule and musical director of tbe father, town musician of Orlauuiude, later
two chief churches of Leipsic. He was pupil of Heinrich Christoph Koch in compo-
made court Kapellmeister at Weimar in sition. When sixteen he joined the orches-
1810. Works : 3 concertos, 18 sonatas, 6 tra of the Prince von Schwartzburg-Rudol-
caprices, and other
variations, sonatinas, stadt as violoncellist, then as clarinet player.
pieces for pianoforte Cadenzas to Mozart's ; After having reorganized the military band,
concertos Sonata, suites, aud choral varia-
; iu 181G, be was made its director, also
tions for organ Fantasia, concertos, aud ; chamber musician, and in 1831 Hof-Ka-
duets for flute Trio for jiianoforte and ; pellmeister. In his younger days he had
strings ; Cantata, 11 sacred cantatas, motets, made extensive concert tours. Works : 2
and sougs ; symphonies for grand orchestra Romance
Der Polterabeud, operetta ; Pi- ;
anoforte school (Jena, 1805), really the Gth varice for clarinet and orchestra Theme ;
edition of LOhleiu's Pianoforteschule, the variu for bassoon aud do.; 4 collections of
8tli edition being published by Czerny iu dances for do. Musique militaire Quartet ; ;
1825, and Kalkbrenner's method being based for clarinet and strings 6 quartets and 6 ;
on Miiller's Flute method Elementary pi- trios for horns Coucertos and concertinos
; ; ;
anoforte and flute pieces. Mendel Fc'tis for clarinet

Divertissement for pianoforte ;
; ;
Kiemann Schilling Gerber.; aud clarinet. Fotis Mendel Riemann.

; ; ;
MULLER, DONAT, born at Biburg, Ba- MULLER, IWAN, born at Reval, Russia,
varia, Jan. 3, 1801, still living, 1889. Dec. 3, 178G, died at Biickeburg, Schaum-
Church composer, pupil, while chorister at burg-Lippe, Feb. 4, 1854. Virtuoso ou the
the Cathedral of Augsburg, of Dom-Kapell- clarinet, forwhich instrument he invented
meister Franz Biihler. In 1820 be became improvements now universally accepted.
organist at the Church of the Holy Cross, After having appeared in concerts in
in 182G at the Maximiliauskirche was ap- ; Germany with great success, be went to
pointed in 1837 music director at St. Georg Paris iu 1809, and established a clarinet
and in 1839 at St. Ulrich. Works Dixit : factory, which failed, his innovations being
et Magnificat, for 1 voices, organ, and or- discarded by the Academy. He left Paris
607
;
MLTLLEK
ill 1820, lived in Russia, Berlin, Switzerlcaiul, bert, op. 25, from Wenzel Jliiller's poems.
auil London, and linallj', as court musician, Frost, Schubert, 61.
at Biickeburg. Works : Divertissement for MUNDY, JOHN, English composer of
clarinet aiid orchestra ; Grand solo for do. the 17th century, died in 1G30. He became
Symiihouie concertante for 2 clarinets ; Con- organist of Eton College, and about 1585 of
certos for clarinet ; G concertos for flute ;
St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Mus. Bac,
3 quartets for clarinet and strings ; Duos O.'cford, 158G Mus. Doc 1G24. Works ; , :
for clarinet and pianoforte Method

Songs and Psalmes, composed into 3, 4, and
; for the
new thirteen-keyed clarinet, and for the alto 5 parts, for the use and delight of such as
clarinet.
Fc'tis Mendel Eiemann Schil- either love or leai-ne Musicke (Loudon,
; ; ;
ling. 1594) Madrigal in the Triumphes of Ori- ;
MDLLEE, WENZEL, born at Tyrnau, ana (IGOl) Compositions for organ and vir- ;
Moravia, Sept. 2G, 17G7, died at IJaden, ginals in Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book ;
near Vienna, Aug. 3, 1835. Dramatic com- etc. Grove ; Fetis ; Hawkins, Hist., iii.
poser, at first iûpil of a schoolmaster at Alt- 360 iv. 27 Barney, Hist.,
; ; iii. 54, 132.
stadt, Moravia, later of Dittersdorf. At the MUNDY, WILLIAM, English composer
age of twelve he composed a mass, and, still of the IGth century, died probably in 1591.
very young, became one of the most pro- He was a vicar choral of St. Paul's, London,
lificand popular composers of light music. and Feb. 21, 1563-64, he was sworn in as
lu 1783 he was aisjJoiuted Kajjellmeister at Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. Works:
the theatre in Brunn, in 178(5 at Mariuelli"s Anthems in Clifford's Divine Services and
theatre in Vienna, went to Prague as di- Anthems (1664) Services and anthems in ;
rector of the opera in 1808, and returned Barnard's printed and manuscript collec-
to Vienna in 1813, as Kapellmeister at the tions 11 Latin motets in the hbrary of the
;
Leopoldstiidter Theater. His compositions, London Sacred Harmonic Society. Grove ;
which numl)er several hundred works, in- Hawkins, Hist., iii. 360; iv. 27 ;'Bingley, i.
clude more than two hundred operas and 57.

operettas. Works : Cora, opera, given in MUSARD, PHILIPPE, born in Paris in
Vienna, 1795. Operettas Das Souaenfest 1793, died at Auteuil, near Paris, March 31,
:
der Braminen, ib., 1790 Der Fagottist, ib., 1859. Pupil of Reicha was for some time
;
;
1791 Tizzichi, ib., 1792

; Das Neusonn- an obscure violinist and conductor gradu-
;
;
tagskind, ib., 1793 Die Schwestern von ally gained greater prominence by his con-
;
Prag, ib., 1791 Der Alte (iberall und nir- certs and masked balls in Paris and
;
finally ;
gends, ib., 1795 Die Entfiihrung der Prin- directed the balls of the Opera
;
Comiijue
zessin Europa, ib., 181G Faust's Mantel, and the Opera. He visited England in
;
ib., 1817 Die moderne Wirthschaft, Die 1840-41. He was long considered the best
;
Fee aus Fraukreich, ib., 1821 Der Alpen- composer of dances and conductor of prom-
;
kOnig und der Mcnschenfeind, Die gefes- enade concerts in France, and admirers
selte Phantasie, ib., 1828; Der Sieg des called him the Pagauini
of the dance and
guten Humors, ib., 1831 Bruder Liiftig, the Quadrille King. He sought after effects
;
Oder Faschingsstreiche, ib., 1832 and many by eccentricities such as breaking several;
others. Asmodi, oder das bose Weib und chairs all at once, and firing off a pistol on
die Schlaugeu, ib., 1834, was his last com- beginning the finale of a quadrille.
Works :
position. He left also symphonies, over- More than 150 quadrilles, original and on
tures, and masses. Fetis; Gerber Men- operatic melodies, among them being Les ;
del Schilling
; Wurzbach.
; eclios, Les cloches argentines, Les gondo-
IMULLERLIEDEU, a cycle of songs liers venitieus, Les etudiants de Paris, Le
known as Die schOna Miillerinn, by Schu- lac, Vive la danse, etc. Many waltzes ; 3
MUSIKALISCIIER
quartets ; Nouvelle motliode de composition Ai-te Resoluta," the initials of which spell
miisicale (published only in jiart). Futis, Ricercar. The fourth canon was inscribed,
Siipplcnieut, ii. 255 ; Grove ; liiemanu. " Notulis crescentibus crescat Fortuua Re-
MUSIICALISOHER SPASS, EIN (A Mu- gis,'' and the fifth canon, which ascends one
sical Joke), for two violins, viola, double- tone at each repetition, " Ascendeuteque
bass and two horns, by Mozart, composed in Modulatione ascendat Gloria Regis." The
Vienna, June 14, 1787. Tradition says that solution to the two last canons, not given
this was written at the request of several by Bach, has been much discussed. The
musicians, who played some wretched mu- Musikalisches Opfer, as it now stands, is a
sic towhich Mozart danced in an inn near collection of separate pieces, of which there
Vienna. I. Allegro Minuetto maes-
; H is no systematic arrangement, intended to
toso III.
; Adagio Cantabilc IV. Presto. ; express the same idea under various aspects.
Tlie autograph is owned by C. A. Andro, Itmay be regarded as a preparation for the
Frankfort. Published by Schlesinger (Ber- Kunst der Fuge, written iu 1749. Pub-
lin); by Andre (Offenbach) and by Breit- ; lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
kopf & Hiirtel, Mozart's Werke, Serie 10, 1S31). The continuo of the sonata, or

No. 13. Kiichel, Verzeichuiss, No. 522 ;
" trio " (four movements Largo, iu mi- :
Andre, Verzeichuiss, No. 15G Jalm, Mo- ; nor Allegro, in C minor Andante, in E-
; ;
zart, iii. 339. flat ; Allegro, in C minor) has been filled

MUSIIvALLSCHES OPFER (Musical out for pianoforte by Robert Franz. Spitta,
Offering), a work by Johaim Sebastian Bach, ii. 071, 712, 843 Poole, Bach, 109 ; ;
Bach, containing various treatments of a Kirnberger, Die Kunst in des reinen Satzes
theme given to him by Frederick the Great in der Musik, ii. 47 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ;
to improvise on during his visit to Potsdam xxxiv. 3, 108 Grove, iii. 12G. ;
in May, 1747. This was published l)y MU8SINI, NICCOLO, born in Italy in
Bach, dedicated to the king, and sent to the second half of the 18th century, died
him with an autograph letter, dated Leip- in Berlin about 1814. Virtuoso on the
sie, July 7, 1747. This copy, iu the Ama- violin and the guitar, and dramatic singer
lieu Library of the Joachimsthal Gymna- and coniposer. He obtained an engage-
sium, Berlin, contains a three-part fugue, ment as tenor singer at the theatre iu Lon-
called Kicercar six canons and a " Fuga don in 1792, appeared in concerts at Han-
; ;
Canonica " with its answer on the fifth. over and Cassel as singer, violinist, and
Bach composed other music of more im- guitar player in 1793, returned to the stage,
portance which is now included under the first at Hamburg, then iu Berlin, in 1794,
title of the Musikalisches Opfer, and which and retii-ed in 1798, to become mvisic di-
he sent to the king without dedication. rector and chamber composer to the dow-
The presentation copy of this, also in the ager queen. Works Operas La canie- :
Amalien Library, contains a sis-part fugue, riera astuta, given iu Hamburg, 1793 La ;
also called Kicercar, with two canons at- guerra aperta, Potsdam and Charlottou-
tached a sonata and a canon, for flute, vio- burg, 1796 Dichterlauneu, Singspiel, Ber-
; ;
lin, and continuo. The first two fugues and lin, 1803. Das befreite Bethulieu, oratorio,
some of the canons are for the clavier the ib., 1800 Quartets for 2 violins, viola, and
; ;
other numbers are for strings. Bach had bass 15 duos for violins Sonatas for do. ; ; ;
live of the canons, and the fugue in canon 3 solos for do. 5 books of romances, for ;
form, printed on a sheet by themselves with voice, pianoforte, and violin obligato Songs. ;
the title, " Canones diversi sujier Thema Fetis Gerber Mendel Schilling. ; ; ;
Regium." To this he added a second title, MUSSORGSKY, MODEST (PETRO-

" Regis Jussu Cantio Et Reliqua Canonica VITCH), born at Toropetz, Russia, March
609
MITZIO
16, 1839, (lied in St. Petersburg-,March 10, the Royal Academy to compose music to
1881. Druinatio composer, pupil of Bala- this work, Ariosti being commissioned to
kirev. He entered a regiment at the age write the first act, Bononcini the second,
of seventeen, and was tben introduced to and Handel the third. Each act was pre-
Dargomyzskj-'s wbere he formed a ceded by an overture, and ended with a
circle,
friendship with Balakircv and Cui, and was chorus. Ariosti's authorship of Act I. has
won over to the national Russian style of been doubted, for a MS. score in the Drago-
composition. Works Operas Boris Gu- netti Collection, British Museum, ascribes
:
dunow, given in St. Petersburg, Imperial it to " II Signor Pipo," the sobriquet of Fi-
Opera, 1871 The Fair of Sarotschin The lippo Mattel, who thus has a claim to the first
;
;
Chovanski in Moscow Danse macabre part. Bononcini's act is of merit, and his
;
russe, Scenes d'enfauts, and other pieces overture was remodelled from one revived
for pianoforte Songs. ; Riemaun. in 1707 in connection with a pasticcio,
MUZIO, ElUNUELE, bom at Zibello, Thomras. The autograph score of Act IH.,
Parma, Aug. 25, 1825, still living, 1889. in Buckingham Palace, is dated. Fine March
Dramatic composer, pupil as a choir-boy of 23, 1721. This was generally preferred,
the cathedral at Busseto, of the organist and occasioned great excitement between
Provesi in singing, and of Margherita Ba- the followers of Handel and Bononcini.
rezzi, Verdi's first wife, on the pianoforte, Transcriptions of the entire work
are in the
and was instructed in composition by Verdi. British Jluseum in the Royal Collection ;
;
He arranged the pianoforte scores of his and in the Konigliche Bibliothek, Berlin.
master's operas, and also edited a com- A selection of songs from Muzio Scevola,
plete edition of Rossini's works.In 1852 with Bononcini's overture, was published
he acted as conductor of Italian opera in by Walsh (London, 1721). Acts L and II.
Brussels then brought out his operas in
; have never been printed, but Act IH. was
Italy and in 1858 was engaged for Her
; published by the Hilndel-Gesellschaft, Breit-
Majesty's Opera in London, afterwards vis- kopi & Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1874). Rockstro,
iting the United States and conducting in Handel, 135 Chrysander, Handel, ii. 57 ; ;
the Academy of Music of New York. On Scha-lchcr, Handel, 67 Marshall, Handel, ;
returning to Europe ho was conductor in 6!) ;Hogarth, ii. 16 ; Grove, ii. 669 Burney,
;
Venice, Barcelona, Cairo, and at the The- iv. 273 Hawkins,

; v. 297.
atre Italiun of Paris in 1876. An excellent FATHER DEAR. Sec I'unlans MY
teacher of singing, he settled in Paris in Daughter.
1875, and devoted himself to instruction. i\lY HEART EVER FAITHFUL. See
Among his pupils have been Adelina and .Ml ill gliiubiges Herze.
Carlotta Patti and Clara Louise Kellogg. MYRTHEN (Myrtle- Wreath), twenty-sis
Works Ojieras Giovanna la pazza, Brus- songs for one voice with pianoforte accom-
:
sels, 1852 Claudia, Le due regine, Milan, paniment, by Schumann, op. 25, composed
;
1856 La Sorrentina, Bologna, 1857. Vo- in 1840, and dedicated to " Seiner geliebten
;
cal pieces for the Patti sisters in a collec- Braut, "Clara Wieck. Book I 1.
Widmung,
tion called Les feuilles d'or.
Fc'tis, Sup- by F. Rackcrt(in A-flat) 2. Freisinii, from ;
l^lcment, ii. 257. Goethe's Westcistlichen Divan (in E-llat);

MUZIO SCEVOL.V, Italian pasticcio in 3. Der Nussbaum, by J. Mosen (in G) 4. ;
three acts, text by Paolo RoUi, music by At- Jemaud, by Robert Burns, translation by
tilioAi-iosti (Filippo Mattel'?), Bononcini, W. Gerhard, (in E minor, later E) 5. ;
and Handel, first rejjreseuted at the King's Sitz' ich alleiu, wo kann ich besser sein,
Theatre, London, April 15, 1721. The three from Goethe's Schenkenbuch im Divan (in
composers were engaged by the directors of E) 6. Seize mir nicht, du Grobian, from the
;
610
!
MYSLIWECZEK
same (in A minor, later in A). Book 11. 7. tached to the court of Munich in 1777-78,
Die Lotosblunie, by Heine (lu F) S. Talis- ; but then returned to Ital}'. Mozart met
mans, from Goetbe's WestOstlichen Divan him at Bologna 1772 in great poverty, and
in
(in C) 9. Lied der Suleika, from the same
;
again in Munich in 1777. The remunera-
(in A) 10. Die Hochluuder-Wittwo, by
;
tion bestowed on operatic composers in his
Robert Burns (in E minor) 11. Lied der ; day was very small, and he had extravagant
Braut, from tbe Liebesfriihling, by F. Riick- habits, but an English patron named Barry
ert (in G) 12. Lass mieb ibm am Busen
;
is said to have assisted and buried hini.
hangen, from the same (in G). Book III. |

Works Operas II Bellerofonte, Naples :
;
13. Hochlilnders Abschied, by Burns (in B Ipermnestra, Rome, 1769 Romolo e Er- ;
minor) 14. Hochliindisches Wiegeulied, by

; ;
silia, Naples
Demetrio, Pavia Antigona,
Burns (in D) 15. Aus den liebraischen
; Turin, 1773 Artaserse, Naples ; Attide,
Gosilngon, bj' Bj'ron (in E minor) IG. ; Padua, 1774 Ezio, and Demofoonto, Naj^les,
;
Rathsel, by Byron (in B) 17 and 18. Zwei ; I 1775 Olimpiade, Rome, 1779
; Armida, ;
venetianisclie Lieder, by Thomas Moore Milan Faruace Merope Tamerlano Nit-

; ; ; ;
(both in G). Book IV. 19. Hauijtmauns [

teti L' Adriano in Siria Others, number-
; ;
Weib, by Burns (in E minor) 20. Weit, ; ing altogether about thirty. Oratorios, in-
weit, by Burns (in A minor) 21. Was will ; cluding Passio Jesu Christi, and La famigiia
die einsame Thriine, by Heine (in A) 22. ; di Tobia Masses 6 symphonies, named
; ;
Niemand, by Burns (in P) 23. Im Westen, ; after the first six months of the year Trios, ;
by Burns (in F) 24. Du bist wie eine

; quartets, and other music. Dlabacz Da- ;
Blume, by Heine (in A-flat) 25. Ans den ; libor (1860), iii. Nos. 13-16 (1861), No. 5 ; ;
ostlicheu Rosen, by F. Riickert (in E- Wurzbach ; Fetis ; Mendel ; lliemann ; Ger-

flat) ; 26. Zum Schluss, by the same ber ; Schilling.
(A-flat). Published by F. Kistner (Leipsic, MYSTiJ:RES D'ISIS, LES, opera in four
1840). acts, textby Morel, music arranged by Lach-
MYSLIWECZEK (Misliweczek), JO- nith, from Mozart's Zauberflote, first repre-
SEPH, born near Prague, March 9, 1737, sented at the Academic Royale de Musiquo,
died in Rome, Feb. 4, 1781. Dramatic Paris, Aug. 20, 1801. The comic part of
composer, sou of a miller, pupil of Haber- Mozart's ojjera was cut out, and Papageno
mann and Segert in Prague ; studied under was changed to a shepherd, Bocchoris.
Pescetti of Venice in 17G3, and wrote bis Many of the best numbers were omitted,
first opera in Parma, its success being so and portions of Mozart's other operas were
great that be was engaged to compose an inserted, including an air from Don Gio-
opera for the birthday of the King of Naples. vanni, and one from La clemenza di Tito.
He was soon famous in Italy, his operas were |
Lachnith was greatly ridiculed. He was
in great demand, and the celebrated singer called " Le duraugeur," and his compila-
Gabrielli said no other composer suited her tion, " Les miseres d'ici." It kept the stage
voice so well. Owing to the difficult pro- until 1827. Grove, ii. 440 Jahn, Mozart, ;
nunciation of his name, the Italians called iv. 677 Lajarte, ii. 23 Allgem. mus. Zeitg.,
; ;
him II Buumo or Venturini. He was at- iv. 69 ; xxiii. 82.

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From the engraving by lohann Sadeler (i6'^2), . . . . ,

9- WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

10. JOHN KNOWLES PAINE

11. GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA

171. Leveridge, llicbard 454 21L Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix . . . 553

103. Mackenzie, Alexander Campbell. 502 boyhood 596

PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, FACSIMILES.

5. Caroline Duprez, as Catherine .... 29 29. Autograph of Niels Gade

14. Portrait of Alexandrine Branchu . 53 ning of the Overture to Aleeste 159 .

15. Autograph of Francois Joseph Fc- 37. Autograph of Christoph Willibald

PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.

49. Nilsson, as Opliulie 219 79. Autograph of Gottfried August

his blindness 227 89. Autograph of Niccold Jommelli,

Krieger, 1677 398

73. Autograph of Louis Herold, 1814. 264 1605 443

77. Autograph of Ernst Hoffmann, 105. Autograph of Peter von Lind-

1872 284 Christus 469

PORTUAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPIIS, ETC.

111. Emil Goetz, as Lohengrin 478 Wer hat dich, du schOuer

127. Portrait of Jean Blaise IMartin 535 . 1770

bran 537 the's " Das Veileheu." 597

A., A]in. M., INIonsiour.

do., ditto. op., opus, opera.

It., Italian. T., Tenor.

Music AND Musicians.

EASTER ORATORIO. See Oder-Ova- l^eln. Works Operas : Der Schutzgeist,

EBELING, JOHANN GEORG, born in geselligen Freude, do. 2 funeral cantatas, ;

1676. He became in 1662 musical director Tonkunst, cantata 5 symphonies 2 con- ; ;

tis. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 52.5 Allgem. Mus.- ;

EBELL, HEINRICH KARL, born at Zeitg. ; Fetis ; Hoffmann, Die Tonkiinstler

died at Oppeln, Silesia, March 12, 182-4. ling.

1796 Die KOnigin der schwarzen Liselu,

a sextet Songs Concertos

V. 572 Mendel Grove Fetis.

had an adventu- in 1799 and later nmsical director at the

in Nu- librarian Pesth, 1796 Die Blumeniusel, Pesth, 1796

1675, are his only known works. Mendel ;

organist Archbishop of Salzburg

Die Heerschau, Weimar, about 1842 Der ; Schilling ; Gerber ; Fetis.

chestra. He studied under Schick in Mainz, In 1608 he went to Berlin as Kapelhneister

counterpoint under Fenaroli in Naples. In 2d ed., Erfurt, 1608) 24 deutsche Lieder ;

1805 Der Jahrmarkt von Plundersweiler,

Spanish Friar, 1G81 The Lancashire tos (Offenbach and Paris)

for Love, 1695 Europe's Revels for the

1699 Acis and Galatea, masque, 1701 The self-taught.

ECCLESTON, EDWARD, Enghsh com- 1879. Vocal composer, pupil of Sechter in

ECCO LA MARCIA. See Nozze di Fi- ECKERSBERG, JOHANN WIL-

was the last work written by Gluck he del Fetis Schilling. ; ; ;

tired to private life in Baden-Baden in Weilen, is founded on an episode in the

have succeeded, and they do not justify living, 1888. Or-

had of him. Works

opera, composed in 1830 Wilhelm von field, and of Dudley

Oranien, given in Berlin, 1816 Kathchen Buck in Hartford,