ZGO-02-01-002 Precise

Paging
Formatted: Space Before: 1 line

Feature Guide
 ZGO-02-01-002 Precise Paging

ZGO-02-01-002 Precise Paging

Version Date Author Reviewer Notes

GU Commercial
V1.0 2012/06/18 Luo Zhiwen System Supporting Not open to the third party
Dept.

20132012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used
without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to
change without notice.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Feature Attribute.................................................................................................... 4

2 Overview ................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Feature Introduction ................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Correlation with Other Features .............................................................................. 6

3 Technical Description ........................................................................................... 7

3.1 Determination of VPC and HPC .............................................................................. 7
3.2 Subscriber Data Management ................................................................................. 7
3.3 Coordination with Core Network .............................................................................. 8
3.4 Support for Paging Hole Analysis ............................................................................ 9
3.5 Repaging ................................................................................................................ 10
3.6 Flow Control ........................................................................................................... 10

4 Parameters and Configurations ........................................................................ 11

4.1 Parameter List ........................................................................................................ 11
4.2 Parameter Configuration ........................................................................................ 11

5 Related Counters and Alarms ............................................................................ 15

5.1 Related Counters ................................................................................................... 15
5.2 Related Alarms....................................................................................................... 16

6 Engineering Guide .............................................................................................. 17

6.1 Application Scenario .............................................................................................. 17
6.2 Configuration Description ...................................................................................... 17
6.3 Network Impact ...................................................................................................... 18

7 Abbreviation ......................................................................................................... 19

8 Reference Document .......................................................................................... 19

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FIGURES

Figure 4-1 BSC Precise Paging Configuration Interface ...................................................... 12

Figure 4-2 Cell Precise Paging Configuration Interface ....................................................... 13
Figure 4-3 Visit Paging Cell configuration Interface.............................................................. 14

TABLES

Table 4-1 Parameter List ....................................................................................................... 11

Table 5-1 Counters List ......................................................................................................... 15

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1 Feature Attribute
BSC Version: [ZXUR 9000 GSM (V6.50.100)]

BTS Version: [For SDRV4.11.10 and later versions]

Property: [Optional]

Related Network Element:

NE Name Related or Not Special Requirements Formatted: Widow/Orphan control

MS Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

BTS Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

BSC Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

iTC - Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

MSC Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

MGW - Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

SGSN Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

GGSN - Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

HLR - Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Dependent Function: [None]

Exclusive Function: [None]

Note: [None]

2 Overview

2.1 Feature Introduction

In the case of a large number of subscribers and high PS traffic load in a location area,
there will be a great number of paging messages and immediately assigned messages
on the CCCH channel and consequently congestion easily arises. One solution to this
situation is to configure more CCCH channels, but this solution will reduce the available

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service channels. Therefore, the precise paging method is considered. First paging is
performed in some cells where it is more probable to find subscribers and then the
paging area is extended to the area required by the core network. As the first small-area
paging presents a relatively high probability of finding subscribers, the number of paging
messages is decreased and this in turn can save CCCH channels and increase the
configuration service channels. The precise paging feature is described as follows:

1. The network first sends a paging message to a cell and the neighbor cells within its
location area or routing area according to the location record saved in the BSC. If
the mobile station does not respond to that message within a given period of time,
then the BSC will also send the paging message to other cells within the LA/RA.

2. If the precise paging feature is not enabled for a cell and the known MS is located
within that cell, then normal paging will be used. The precise paging feature should
be able to be enabled as follows at the cell level:

i. Only the CS uses precise paging;

ii. Only the PS uses precise paging;

iii. Both the CS and PS use precise paging.

3. In case of precise paging, paging scope should be extended to the thorough LA or

RA if the MS does not respond to the paging message within the time set by the
timer. The timer should have a second-level accuracy and is configurable by the
operator.

4. The operator can configure the repeated paging message subsequently sent by the
MSC or SGSN to be done so in the normal or precise mode.

5. If the MS is within a cell for which this feature is enabled but this feature is not
enabled for a cell adjacent to that cell, precise paging will be still applied to the cell
with this feature not enabled.

6. During the application of precise paging, the neighbor cell to which the paging
message sent is not subject to the limitation by the boundary of the location area or
routing area.

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The above mentioned cell and its neighbor cells where services were implemented last
time are called VPC short for visit paging cells. To ensure better precise paging effects
are achieved, the cells where a subscriber usually use telephone services can be determined
by analyzing the subscribers moving behaviors and adopting a certain algorithm and are
called HPCs (home paging cell). Precise paging cells include VPC and HPC.

2.2 Correlation with Other Features

None

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3 Technical Description

3.1 Determination of VPC and HPC

Configured based on the cell on the iOMCR, a VPC indicates a cell adjacent to the cell
where the last service exists. It can be a handover or reselection neighbor cell, or can be
configured additionally, but the configuration will be independent of whether the cell is
within the same location area or routing area as the original cell is when the cell which is
geographically near the cell where the last service is triggered is added into the VPC
provided that the cell must be one under the control of this BSC.

A HPC is selected from the cells where services have been triggered recently. Cells
where subscribers have appeared recently are recorded by IMSI on the CMP of the iBSC
(currently 16 cells are recorded). In case of insufficient available storage space, the cells
where last services were implemented earlier will be replaced.

As soon as the subscriber experiences the PS and CS services, the BSC records the cell
where such services run and determines the unified HPC through calculation. To record
the cell where the subscriber uses such services, the BSC must obtain the IMSI. For the
CS service, the IMSI cannot be obtained from the initial access message if the TMSI is
used and the MSC should send the IMSI to the BSC through the COMMON ID message.
For the PS service, the IMSI will be obtained from the downlink message sent by the SGSN.

3.2 Subscriber Data Management

Subscriber data storage refers to recording the information about the cells where the
subscriber uses services previously based on the IMSI. Such subscriber data is stored
on each CMP in a load shared manner, each CMP can store data of 100000 subscribers
and the earliest records will be replaced in case of insufficient available storage space.
The IMSI is mapped to the CMP module number in such way that a number ranging from
0 to 63 is obtained by calculating with the IMSI and then the number is mapped to the
CMP module. Under the circumstance that the module configurations are not changed,

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the load sharing table is subject to no change. The module configurations change with
the mapping relationship and some previously recorded information will be lost.

3.3 Coordination with Core Network

1. Handling Repaging

When the BSC adopts precise paging and the MSC has implemented a multi-time paging
setting, the BSC needs to be coordinated to the parameter configurations of the core
network. The interval at which the MSC performs a paging should be set to be longer so
as to allow time for the BSC to perform another paging. When the BSC received the
messages, it will judge the paging as repaging performed from the core network if it
detects a paging message cached last time. The BSC determines whether the repaging
performed from the core network is done still in the precise mode or normal mode based
on the parameter configurations.

2. Range of Precise Paging

The CS paging may be performed from Port A or GB and usually covers the location area,
sometimes the entire BSC. The PS paging is performed from Port GB and mainly covers
the routing area and also may cover the entire BSC.

The VPC or HPC stored by the BSC may belong to different location areas/routing areas.
When the paging unit is location area/routing area, the BSC decides whether to send a
paging message to the HPC or VPC out of the current paging range based on the
CsOutAreaPag/PsOutAreaPag parameter. The BSC sends a paging message to a cell
out of the core network paging range due to the consideration that a few records about
the location area in the MSC are not accurate because the MS has not completed
location update or a location update failure temporarily occurred although the location
change will be informed to the new location area at the network side when the cell phone
is moved to another location area.

Precise paging is also suitable for the scenario where the entire BSC is to be paged. For
single-cell CS paging and paging performed to the BVC for the PS service, precise
paging is not used.

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Precise paging and multiple paging operations performed by the BSC are more suitable
for the case where one location area belongs to one BSC because certainly precise
paging performed by one BSC will not be responded and thus paging traffic increase will
be result from the subsequent sending of common paging messages when one location
area belongs to two BSCs.

3.4 Support for Paging Hole Analysis

The principle for finding a paging hole is that: after a subscriber has been successfully
paged in a cell represented by a LAC which is assumed to be the cell where subscriber
resides, paging is failed once in that cell when the paging of that subscriber is not
responded; if the cell where the paging is responded is not the original cell, then the cell
where the subscriber resides is changed as the current cell and the paging is considered
to be successfully performed. When the subscriber leaves the LAC area, accordingly the
paging message will not be generated. Cells with poor paging effects can be calculated
by making long-term statistics following the above mentioned principle. Such results,
although of an estimation nature, can reflect the overall paging performance.

After the precise paging is implemented, the paging hole can be analyzed by
incrementing the counter as the cell where services were triggered for the subscriber is
recorded and whether the paging is responded is known. But, it should be noted that the
records about the subscribers location by the BSC are not complete and are not
appropriate for analyzing the paging hole for a location area crossing several BSCs.

The counter for the paging hole will not count until the time to the last services does not
exceed the PagHoleTimer. The counting method is as follows: if the paging is responded,
one paging to the cell where paging is responded is counted (paging has been
successfully performed once in this cell); if the paging is not responded, then one paging
which is performed in the cell where last services are triggered is counted once and is not
responded once.

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3.5 Repaging

Currently, the core network and BTS can perform repaging. The core network will resend
a paging message if it has not received the paging response a certain period of time after
it has sends the paging message, while the BTS performs repaging during the idle time
regardless of whether the repaging will be responded. While supporting precise paging,
the BSC also provides the multiple searching feature which is similar to the repaging
feature of the core network. The maximum paging repeat time is controlled through the
CsPagingRepeatTime/PsPagingRepeatTime parameter. Multiple paging operations are
also not suitable for a location area crossing several BSCs.

3.6 Flow Control

If it is decided that the BSC does not support precise paging or multiple paging
operations from the time when the BSC has received the MSC paging message from
Port A or the SGSN paging message from Port Gb, then the MSC paging message or
SGSN paging message will be directly sent to the CMP module belonging to the target
cell is located and the CMP module sends the paging message to the relevant cells. If
the BSC supports precise paging or multiple paging operations, then the BSC obtains the
code of the cell where latest services are triggered through the IMSI. If the
PrecisepagUseHpc parameter is set to 1, then the BSC acquires the HPC list and
obtains the VPC list of the cells where last services are triggered through the
configuration data (the CsOutAreaPag/PsOutAreaPag parameter indicates that it is not
allowed to perform paging out of the core network paging range, then relevant cells will
be removed) and sends the paging messages to such cells and caches the same.

When the incoming paging is responded within a cell, then the cached paging messages
will be deleted. If the incoming paging is not responded, the paging will be performed
within the range required by the core network after the timer times out. If the system still
cannot reach any subscriber, then multiple paging operations may be performed based
on the parameter configurations. If the core network performs downcoming repaging,
then the BSC will process the repaging from the core network.

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4 Parameters and Configurations

4.1 Parameter List

Table 4-1 Parameter List

SN Name Figure Formatted: Widow/Orphan control

1 PrecisePagSupport Figure 4-1

2 PrecisepagUseHpc Figure 4-1
3 CsRepagPrecise Figure 4-1
4 PsRepagPrecise Figure 4-1
5 CsOutAreaPag Figure 4-1
6 PsOutAreaPag Figure 4-1
7 CsPagingRepeatTime Figure 4-1
8 PsPagingRepeatTime Figure 4-1
9 CsPrecisePag Figure 4-1
10 PsPrecisePag Figure 4-1
11 VpcAgeTime Figure 4-2
12 PagWaitTime Figure 4-2
13 GGsmVpcRelationSeq Figure 4-3
14 refGGsmCell Figure 4-3

4.2 Parameter Configuration

1. On the Configuration Resource Tree window, double click BSC Precise Paging
Configuration under OMMR Modify Area Managed Element GSM
Logical Configuration Global Information Configuration to set such
parameters as Support Precise Paging, Use HPC for Precise Paging, Adopt
Precise Paging for repaging of Circuit Switched Service, Adopt Precise
Paging for repaging of Packet Switched Service, Allow Exceed area Precise
Paging for Circuit Switched Service, Allow Exceed area Precise Paging for
Packet Switched Service, Paging Repeat Time for Circuit Switched Service,

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Paging Repeat Time for Packet Switched Service, etc on the BSC Precise
Paging Configuration tab, as shown in the figure below.

Figure 4-1 BSC Precise Paging Configuration Interface

2. On the Configuration Resource Tree window, double click Cell Precise Paging
Configuration under OMMR Modify Area Managed Element GSM
Logical Configuration Global Information Configuration Cell Information
Configuration to set such parameters as Adopt Precise Paging for Circuit
Switched Service, Adopt Precise Paging for Packet Switched Service, VPC
Age Time, Paging Hole Timer, etc on the Cell Precise Paging Configuration tab,
as shown in the figure below.

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Figure 4-2 Cell Precise Paging Configuration Interface

3. On the Configuration Resource Tree window, double click Visit Paging Cell under
OMMR Modify Area Managed Element GSM Logical Configuration
Global Information Configuration Cell Information Configuration
adjacent Relation Configuration to set such parameters as Parent DN, Visit
Paging Cell ID, VPC Id, DN of GgsmCell, etc on the Visit Paging Cell tab, as
shown in the figure below.

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Figure 4-3 Visit Paging Cell configuration Interface

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5 Related Counters and Alarms

5.1 Related Counters

Table 5-1 Counters List

Counter ID Name Formatted: Widow/Orphan control

C901110041 Number of CS Precise Paging

C901110042 Number of CS Precise Paging Response
C901110043 Number of CS First Paging
C901110044 Number of CS First Paging Response
C901110045 Number of CS Second Paging
C901110046 Number of CS Second Paging Response
C901110047 Number of CS Third Paging
C901110048 Number of CS Third Paging Response
C901110049 Number of PS Precise Paging
C901110050 Number of PS Precise Paging Response
C901110051 Number of PS First Paging
C901110052 Number of PS First Paging Response
C901110053 Number of PS Second Paging
C901110054 Number of PS Second Paging Response
C901110055 Number of PS Third Paging
C901110056 Number of PS Third Paging Response
C901110057 Number of CS Precise Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of CS Precise Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110058
Cell
C901110059 Number of CS First Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of CS First Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110060
Cell
C901110061 Number of CS Second Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of CS Second Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110062
Cell
C901110063 Number of CS Third Paging for Last Service in This Cell

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Number of CS Third Paging No Response for Last Service in This

C901110064
Cell
C901110065 Number of PS Precise Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of PS Precise Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110066
Cell
C901110067 Number of PS First Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of PS First Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110068
Cell
C901110069 Number of PS Second Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of PS Second Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110070
Cell
C901110071 Number of PS Third Paging for Last Service in This Cell
Number of PS Third Paging No Response for Last Service in This
C901110072
Cell
C901110073 Number of CS Precise Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110074 Number of CS Precise Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110075 Number of CS First Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110076 Number of CS First Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110077 Number of CS Second Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110078 Number of CS Second Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110079 Number of CS Third Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110080 Number of CS Third Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110081 Number of PS Precise Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110082 Number of PS Precise Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110083 Number of PS First Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110084 Number of PS First Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110085 Number of PS Second Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110086 Number of PS Second Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)
C901110087 Number of PS Third Paging (Paging Hole Search)
C901110088 Number of PS Third Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)

5.2 Related Alarms

This feature has no related alarm.

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6 Engineering Guide

6.1 Application Scenario

This feature is usually used as required by the operator when CCCH channels need to be
saved in case of a large paging volume, but it is recommended to disable the precise
paging feature for cells with subscribers moving quickly. This is because usually the
subscriber is located in the cells with subscribers moving quickly (cells covering highway,
or those along the railway line) when paged but is probable that the subscriber has
moved to an area out of the coverage by the cell and its VPC and HPC when paged for
the next time, and at this time it is greatly probable that precise paging will be failed and
the effects of precise paging will not be achieved.

6.2 Configuration Description

PrecisePagSupport The precise paging feature is usually used as required by the

operator when CCCH channels need to be saved in case of a large paging volume.

PrecisepagUseHpc It may be considered that the HPC should be used for such
areas where subscribers move seldom as the office area, residential area, etc.

CsRepagPrecise This feature is mainly set as required by the operator and it may
be considered that this feature should be enabled when the subscriber can tolerate
longer connection time.

PsRepagPrecise This feature is mainly set as required by the operator. It may be

considered that this feature should be enabled when the PS paging is performed for
non-real-time services or real-time services can tolerate longer connection time.

CsOutAreaPag Usually this feature does not need to be enabled. It may be enabled
when the BSC cannot obtain the IMSI and cannot record the subscribers location upon
location change.

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PsOutAreaPag Usually this feature does not need to be enabled. It may be enabled
when the BSC cannot obtain the IMSI and cannot record the subscribers location upon
routing area change.

CsPagingRepeatTime It may be set that multiple paging operations can be applied

on the BSC usually when the core network does not use the multiple paging operations.

PsPagingRepeatTime It may be set that multiple paging operations can be applied

on the BSC usually when the core network does not use the multiple paging operations.

CsPrecisePag It may be considered that the precise paging feature should be

disabled for the cells with subscribers moving quickly.

PsPrecisePag It may be considered that the precise paging feature should be

disabled for the cells with subscribers moving quickly.

VpcAgeTime This parameter may be usually set to be permanently valid. In case of

other values, the subscriber moving speed should be considered and how long the
subscriber can move out of the VPC coverage as configured should be estimated.

PagWaitTime This parameter should be set by considering the configurations of the

paging block and the transmission delay of the Abis port.

VpcSiteId/VpcBtsId The VPC indicates a cell around the cell where the last service
exists. In the case that few VPCs are configured, the system may not reach any subscriber
through precise paging and cannot reach any subscriber until the subsequent normal
paging has been performed. In the case that many VPCs are configured, many paging
messages are sent through precise paging. Which cells should be configured to be VPCs
should be determined referring to the cell coverage and subscriber moving speed.

6.3 Network Impact

In the case of a large number of subscribers and large PS traffic load in a location area,
there will be a great number of paging messages and immediately assigned messages
on the CCCH channel and consequently congestion easily arises. One solution to this
situation is to configure more CCCH channels, but this solution will reduce the available
service channels. Another solution is to enable the precise paging feature.

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After precise paging is enabled, the system performs paging within some cells where it is
more probable that the system can reach a subscriber and then performs paging within
the range required by the core network in case of a failure to reach any subscriber. As it
is greatly probable that the system can reach a subscriber within a small range, paging
messages are decreased and thus this can save CCCH channels and increase
configuration service channels.

But due to the fact that the system may not reach a cell phone in precise paging it needs
to further perform normal paging to reach that cell phone and this may extend the
response delay. However, this situation can be avoided as possible as we can by
appropriately selecting cells with precise paging enabled, e.g. cells covering highways
where subscribers move quickly. In such cells, it is greatly probable that the system
cannot reach any subscriber upon the first paging if precise paging is enabled for them.
So, it is better to disable the precise paging feature.

Enabling this feature will have no impact over the capacity of the BSC.

7 Abbreviation
HPC Home Paging Cell

VPC Visit Paging Cell

8 Reference Document
None

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