Nikon AUTOCOLLIMATOR 6B: 6D Instructions NIKON CORPORATIONPRELIMINARY NOTICES During measurement, do not attemot to move the instrument or manipulate the turret. for changingover the positions Of the eyepiece and lamp housing Use a reflecting mirror of highgrade flat- ness, Otherwise, it will be necessary for ‘accurate measurement to perform compen- sation or rectification. (Refer to p. 7 2. Parallax Compensation) If any disorder or malfunction is found, never _disassemb strument, but immediately contact the dealer. Especially, avoid dismantling the optical elements such as a half-reflecting mirror, scale reticle, for fear of impairing the measuring accuracy of the instrument For any difficulty or problem in use, ask for our information through the dealer CONTENTS |. NOMENCLATURE M1, SETTING-UP AND MOUNTING 1, Setting-up 2. Mounting M1, PREPARATIONS 1, Alignment 2. Choosing the Positions of the Eyepiece and Lamp Housing 3. Diopter Adjustment 4, Focusing of the Crosshair Image 5, Illumination Iv. MEASUREMENT 1, Reading the Scales 2. Parallax Compensation V. APPLICATIONS VI. SPECIFICATIONS VILLPRINCIPLE . ELECTRIC SPECIFICATIONS 16 15[. NOMENCLATURE Compensator Vertical travel lock Objective compensator scale Lamp socket Objective Tube clamp knob Lamp housing Horizontal travel hand wheel Micrometer drum Swivel lock Eyepiece Horizontal travel lock Tube clamp ring Vertical travel hand wheel Auutocollimator tube Objective compensator Jock screw Fine adjustment screws Power source transformer. Measuring surface plate Fig. 1Il. SETTING-UP AND MOUNTING 1, Setting-up The autocollimatar and the reflecting mirror are to be placed on the same surface plate or set up in a foundation free from vibration. The distance of the mirror from the instrument exerts in principle no influence upon the ‘measuring accuracy, and is merely a matter of efficiency; for example, the shorter the dis- tance, the more expedient the setting or align- ment of the instrument to the mirror. 2. Mounting After releasing and turning aside the tube clamp knobs (at two positions), open the clamp rings. Then, place the autocollimator tube onto the mount, and close the rings. Fasten the tube clamp knobs firmly. Ill. PREPARATIONS 1, Alignment 1) First, release the vertical and horizontal travel locks (see Fig, 2 and Fig, 3), Rotate the vertical and norizontal hand wheets to bring the autocollimator tube to the level and in the lateral position in coinci dence with the mirror, respectively. Fasten tote loos SS leet A Mircor fps | | itt LAutocottimator Fig.2 "Eine adjustment | 2) Releasing the swivel and tilt locks, make ‘the axis of the autocollimator tube perpen- dicular to the surface of the mirror, viewing from above and the sides. Fasten up the locks tentatively. 3) Then, placing the eye behind and slightly aside the autocollimator at the same level {as the mirror, look at the mirror directly to observe the reflected image of the autocollimator tube in the mirror. Releas- ing the tilt lock, change the inclination of the tube to such an extent that the tube and its image in the mirror are seen exactly aligned, (Fig, 4)Horizontal travel hang wine! Lamp socket Eyepiece (Nota) If the reflecting mirror surface is too small 10 show the reflected image of the tube im- mediately, turn the horizontal travel hand wheel to move the tube laterally until the image appears in the mirror. In this case, after finishing the above alignment, return the direction of the tube toward the center fof the mirror 4) Thereafter, release the swivel lock, and looking into the eyepiece, slowly swing the autocollimator tube right and left, in so doing, the crosshair image will run across the viewfield. Stop swinging in the position where the image is visible within the view- field. Fasten up the swivel lock. 5) Furthermore, turn the fine adjustment screws so that the crosshair center comes to the intersection of the 15' lines of the vertical and horizontal scaies. It is recommended at this time for conven- ience in the measurement later to set the micrometer scale to 0. 2. Choosing the Positions of the Eye- piece and Lamp Housing The positions of the eyepiece and lamp housing can be interchanged by means of the change- over turret (Fig. 5-1) to meet the operator's convenience. However, the direction of cross- hair movernent changes according to the turret setting as shown in Fig. 5-2 Turn the turret fully up to the click, when the positions have been determined Never attempt to change-over the positions during measurement! Depression sight Fig.5-2 3. Diopter Adjustment Looking into the eyepiece, turn the diopter ring until the sharpest image of the scales in obtain- ed in the viewfield, (Fig. 5) 4, Focusing of the Crosshair Image In addition, see if the crosshair line image in the viewfield is sharp or not. If not, turn the objective compensator ring around the objec tive for focusing. In this case, if the compensator ring should be turned beyond 40.5 divisions from the basic 1@ 100, it is necessary to use a mirror or reflecting surface of better flatness, or make rectification of the read out value. (Refer to p.7 2, Parallax Compensation)5. Illumination 1) Brightness adjustment Looking into the eyepiece, turn or move the lamp socket up and down until @ uniformly bright image of the crosshair is obtained The use of the instrument in conjunction with a high reflectvity mirror such as available as accessory, and with lamp voltage raised to the rated (6V), thus resulting in @ maximum brightness of illumination, may cause diffi- culty in coincidence work or show up a cross- hair image produced by secondary reflection In this case, lower the voltage of the lamp for an appropriate brightness If on the other hand, a low contrast of the crosshair image is due to insufficient reflectivi ty, small diameter, or tong distance of the mirror, thus not facilitating the coincidence, raise the voltage over the rated 6V. or darken the surroundings or cover the place behind the mirror with black cloth or paper. 2) Replacement of the lamp bulb Draw out the socket from the lamp housing. ‘Then, pushing in the lamp bulb, turn it counter. clockwise for removal. (Fig. 6) After replacement, insert the socket into the original position in the lamp housing. Then, ooking into the eyepiece, turn or move the lamp socket up and down, until a uniformly bright crosshair image is obtained. Fig. 6 Iv. MEASUREMENT Minute change of angle caused by siting of the mirror or reflecting surface, can be read by the reticle in the autocollimator Reticle of 6D (Dark-feld type) Fig.7-2 Reading the Scales 1) First, set the micrometer scale to 0. (Fig. 8) Then, turn the fine adjustment screws to bring the crossing point of the crosshair lines up to the scale center, that is, the intersection of the lines 15’ of the horizon- tal and vertical scales. (Fig. 9) Readings at this time will be, of course: In horizontal direction, 15°00’ In vertical direction, 18°00" Fig. 8 Fig. 9hat, bY moving the test surface, the crosshair takes the position as shown in. Fig. 10, where its horizontal line is between the scale lines 23 and 24 of the vertical scale, and the vertical line, between the scale lines 21 and 22 of the horizontal scale, Note that the tilting direction of the mirror coincides with that of movement of the crosshair line against the fixed scales, Now, for the fractional values, rotate the micrometer screw two times, first to bring the vertical crosshair line, and then, after once returning the micrometer to 0, the horizontal line, into coincidence with the nearest scale lines, 21 and 23, respectively, as shown in Fig. 11 and Fig, 12. Each time, take reading on the micrometer scale as 21.5" and 45" in this example Note that one division of the horizontal and vertical scales indicates 1' and that of the micrometer scale 0.5". LDN Fig. 10 Lateral direction -Coincided with the scale line 21] 7 by turning the micrometer Reading on the 20 s ‘micrometer sale: 21.5] Fig. 11 | Coincides with the sale tine 23 by turning the micrometer aN Reading on the 23" ricrometer scale: 45 +45: Reading: 2545 Fig. 12 3) Since the original setting has been 15°00” both in the horizontal and vertical direc- tions, the change of inclination of the reflecting surface will be calculated as below, respectively: Im horizontal direction 2121.5" = 1500" e218 In vertical direction _-23'45" = 1500 was After finishing the readings, return the micrometer scale to 0. 2. Parallax Compensation When any plane mirror other than the one sup- plied on order of the autocollimator or directly any finished surface is used for the reflecting surface, it may happen, as mentioned previous- ly, that, even though the scale image in the viewtield is focused, the crosshair is not imaged sharp. This is due to parallax, in other words, no exact coincidence of the crosshair image Plane with the focal plane of the objective, ‘on which the scale reticle is located, on account of any deficient flatness of the reflecting sur- face, Such @ parallax may cause inaccurate ‘measuring results. The autocollimator is provided with a parallax compensating device. Rotate the compensator ring around the objective until no more out-of- focus of the crosshair lines is seen so that the crosshair lines and the scales are focused simultaneously. At this time, if the compen- sator scale indicates a deviation with 20.5 divisions from the basic tine 100, it need not rectify the read out value in the autocollimator.Fasten the compensator lock screw. (Note) The compensator scale indicates @ compensa tion factor in per cent, when 3 mirror is placed at a distance of 1.15m from the top fend of the objective, Therefore, it is impor- tant in checking parallax to place the mirror. as shown in Fig. 13, at a distance between 1.4 and 0.9m, (Avoid measurement at a distance other than 1.4 ~ 0.9m, because of requiring a more complicated compensation procedure.) If the compensator indicates a deviation beyond £05 divisions (0.05%), it is necessary for recti- fication to multiply the reading by the % value indicated on the compensator. For example, if the compensator ring should be turned so far up to 99.4 (Fig, 14), and at this time the measured result is read 12°35", the correct angle will be foun 12°35" x 99.4/100 % 1230" (Nota) As in the caso of straightness measurement, where the mirror is moved back and forth during measurement, it is necessary to use 8 mirror of superior flatness. Fig. 14 Vv. APPLICATIONS ‘The minute angie measuring facility of the autocollimator permits an untold number of applications, which may be classified into the three following principal groups: (1) Direct measurement of the minute change of angle of the test surface, (2) Conversion of the minute change of angle into that of dimension, (3) Measurement of accuracy of the divided angle, using such reference angles as of octahedral (eight-surtace) or dodecahedral (twelvesurface) mirror, ‘Some examples of the basic measuring methods using the autocollimator will be given below, ‘though other or more efficient applications will bbe found by the operator himselt, 1, Parallelism between Two End Sur- faces Find the difference between readings of cross- hair image by the two surfaces. Autocollimator End (reflecting) surface to be ‘measured for arallalism ‘Standard surtoce Fig. 15 2, Error of Apical Angle Find the difference between readings on the reflecting surfaces of the piece to be measured and the standard angle piece. Aurocollimstor Piece to be measured Fig. 163, Squareness of End of Screw Read deviation of the crosshair image by the end surface asthe screw is turned. ‘Autocollimator Screw, =| = | End Be \\ Getting surfoce \__surtace Fig. 17 4. Deflection of Elastic Materi: Attaching @ plane mirror on the material, read deviation of the crosshair image by vibration of ‘the plane mirror, Autocollimator == Fig. 18 5, Straightness of Movement Affix a plane mirror to the movable member directly or by means of a stand, and read devia tion of the crosshair image by the mirror as the member is moved, Movable member [7 | Plane mirror Plane mirror Stand _Autocolimator Fig. 19 6. Minute Difference in Length Place the stand across the standard pieces whose lengths are definite, ‘Attach a plane mirror on the stand and set the position 0. Then, exchange one of the standard pieces with a piece to be measured, and read an angle of in- clination @ of the plane mirror as an deviat of the crosshair image, Representing the distance between two feet of the stand by &, the minute difference in length to be measured will be calculated by the equa- tion: Ad=Lsina where dis measured in radian, Plane mirror Fig. 207. Straightness of Large Surfaces Sliding the stand on which the plane mirror is fixed along the surface to be measured, and read deviation of the crosshair image by the mirror, | sua Surface to be measured Plane mirror Autocollimator | =e Fig. 21 8. Squareness of Small Surface Find the difference between readings of the crosshair image by the standard reflecting surface and by the reflecting surface to be ‘measured through a penta-prism. Autocollimator : Reflecting surface to be messured, Fig. 22 Squareness of Large Surface (boring mill columns, jig bore spindles, atc.) Find the difference between readings by a plane mirror inthe position GD and GD *Penta-prism efracts the light exactly perpendicular. Angle of the incident light to the incident surface of this prism does not affect the angle of the light refracted by this prism, 10 @: Surtace measured. pane minor revose Sh Autocollimator a Fig. 23 10. Measurement of Accuracy of Divid- ed Angles Using Polyhedral Mirrors By reference to a polyhedral mirror, the auto- collimator offers convenience in measuring the accuracy of divided angles. An octahedral (eightsurtace) or dodecahedral (twelve-surface) mirror such as available as accessory on order of the autocollimator enables dividing 360° into 8 oF 12, thus producing exact reference angles in the unit of 45° or 30°, respectively Polyhedrat mirror Autocollimator Piece to be measured Fig. 24 11, Measurement of Accuracy of Divid- 19 Devices Using Polyhedral Mir- rors. For measuring precisely the accuracy of divid- ing devices such as dividing heads, circular division plates or the like, using a polyhedral mirror, it's necessary to proceed the following adjustment.1 By means of the fine adjustment screws, first bring the vertical line of the crosshair as far as possible to one side in the view: field, as shown in Fig, 25, and let the hor zontal line just touch all the lower ends of the scale lines, P)| Fig. 25 2) Then, slightly turn the circle of the dividing device, being examined, so that the vertical line moves up 10 the other side in the viewtield. (Fig. 26) ——————_ Fig. 26 3) In this position, see if the horizontal line of the crosshair is displaced or not from the lower ends of the scale lines. If any displacement, even minute, is found down- ward from the scale line ends, turn the tube clockwise around the optical axis, after releasing the tube clamp knobs on the autocollimator tube, and if it is found upward, turn the tube counterclockwise, until the crosshair line and the lower ends of the scale lines exactly coincide. (Fig. 27) Thereafter, tum the circle of the dividing device to the opposite side, and make sure of the above coincidence, again "VI. SPECIFICATIONS 1, Autocollimator (Main body) Magnification of telescope: Diameter of effective aperture of objective Focal length of objective About 38x 70 mm 700 mm Equipped with parallax compensator scale, permitting compensation of insufficient flatness of reflecting surfaces. Eyepiece viewfield scales Range of graduation: Minimum division: Micrometer Range of graduation: Minimum division: Measuring accuracy Outer diameter of autocollimator tube Length of autocollimator Weight: Wooden instrument case Dimensions: Weight: 2. Accessories Illumination tamp bulbs (10 pes. including spares): Power source transformer: Mount 0-30" in vertical and horizontal directions 1" in vertical and horizontal directions 0” 0.5" in vertical and horizontal directions 0.5" within the measuring range 5 minutes 1 within the measuring range 30 minutes 68 mm About 490 mm About 3.1 kg in vertical and horizontal directions ‘About 260 x 540 x 140 mm About 3.4 kg 6v-15W 50/60 Hz, 50VA Primary 100V, 118V, 220V, or 240V AC ‘Secondary 3 ~ 8V (Variable secondary voltage with meter) Range of turning round the horizontal and vertical axes Coarse turning: Fine turning: Each 360° Each 2° {Provided with swivel lock for both coarse and fine movernents) Range of vertical adjustment of optical axis from bottom surface, with the autocollimator tube kept horizontal: 215 — 360 mm Horizontal moving range of optical axis: 60 mm Dimensions of the measuring surface plate: Dimensions of mount: Weight of mount: Provided with vinyl cover 12 240 x 170 mm ‘About 360 x 260 x 520 mm About 27 kg3. Special Accessories on Order Dodecahedral Octahedral (Twelve-surface) (Eight-surtace) mirror mirror Measuring plane ‘Measuring plane Pentagonal prism mirror B mirror D oa 1) Measuring plane mirror 8 Effective diameter of reflecting surface: 70 mm on both sides Dimensions of supporting stand: 110 x96 x 101 mm Foot span on bottom and side surfaces: 100mm Height of the center of mirror: 55mm Permanent magnet: Attachable Provided with ON-OFF lever ‘Supplied with wooden case This is a large-sized mirror fixed to a stand provided with finished bottom and side surfaces, like Mirror D Its front and back surfaces being made reflecting provides convenience in a long distance measurement of straightness, the measuring distance being increased twofold, It is also suitable for measuring straightness, squareness, etc. owing to the permanent magnet which permits attaching the mirror even to a vertical surface of an object, made of iron or steel 2} Measuring plane mirror D Effective aperture: 42mm in diameter Dimensions of supporting stand: 11077 x90 mm Foot span of stand (both on bottom and side surfaces): 100 mm Height of the center of mirror: 55mm ‘Supplied with wooden case The plane mirror D, with a reflecting plane surface of high accuracy, is generally used in combination with the autocollimator, The mirror built in a metal frame which is fixed to a cast iron stand by screws, has a detachable guide plate and precision finished bottom and side surfaces, each made exactly at right angles to the reflecting mirror surface, Thus, the mirror is conveniently slidden along the surface for measurement of straightness or flatness. (Fig. 29) 13Reflecting surface Reflecting surface / Guide plate The foot span on the bottom and side surfaces of the mirror stand being made 100 mm, the inclination angle 2” of the mirror corresponds to about the span or to the sideway deviation of 0.001mm, facilitating the conversion, The mirror, when dismounted from the stand and placed directly on the surface to be measured, will be approximately parallel to the surface under measurement. Caution: Never remove the mirror glass from the frame, because its replacement with such high-grade, flatness as is required for use with precision autocollimators necessitates great technical skill 3), Pentagonal prism Dimensions: 65x 65 x49 mm. Effective aperture: 32x32 mm Optical squareness: Within 2" for each prism ‘Supplied with wooden case and parallel block for determining the optical position. Permitting bending the optical axis exactly 90°, the prism is used as a reference (optical square) in measur- ing squareness between two surfaces. Parallel block is used to make the optical height equal to that of the Mirror D or B, 4) Octahedral (Eight-surtace) mirror Outer diameter x height: 117 46.5 mm Hole at the center: 20 mm in diameter ‘Accuracy of the angle of each surface to the reference reflecting surface: Within 1” with respect to the compensation value ‘Supplied with wooden case and surface angle compensation table. Used in combination with autocollimators, the polygon permits dividing 360° into 8, thus precision angle division in the unit of 45°. It simplifies measurement of errors o” dividing heads, circular graduated plates and others. 5) Dodecahedral (Twelve-surface) mirror Outer diameter x height: 117 x 46.5 mm Hole at the center: 20mm in diameter ‘Accuracy of the angle of each surface to the reference reflecting surface: Within 1” with respect to the compensation valve ‘Supplied with wooden case and surface angle compensation table ‘The polygon permits precision angie division in the unit of 30°. In the above eight and twelve surface polygon mirrors, unlike circular graduation plates and other angle measuring devices, the eccentric error has no influence to the measuring value, thus simplifying the measurement to a great extent, 4Vil. PRINCIPLE 1 28 ~ Objective (focal length = #) & ‘Light source Condenser tens SH Reticle on illuminator side Micrometer = Eyepiece Reticle on ‘eyepiece side ‘The optical arrangement adopted for the auto- collimator is shown diagrammatically in Fig, 30. Light rays starting the crosshair S, illuminated from behind by the lamp, will be refelcted partially into the optical axis by the half- reflecting layer in the prism, Then, passing through the objective, the light rays become parallel, and reach the mirror M placed at a distance in front of the objective. The light beam, thus, reflected back by the mirror sur- face, will pass through the objective again, and. furthermore through the half-reflecting layer in the prism, forming an image $1 of the crosshair on the reticle If the mirror is tilted a minute angle of @ from the position A to B, the reflected light beam, being inclined 28, will reenter the objective, causing a displacement of d to the image of the crosshair, Now, the above interrelation will be expressed by the formula as below: d=f-tan26=2-1-8, where f is the focal length of the objective. It follows that, by reading d with the scale provided on the reticle, the tilt angle of the mirror can be determined, In the Autocoltimator Model 6D, two vertical ‘and horizontal scales are engraved at right angles on the reticle with one division of 1°, ‘and the fractional value of 1° can be read out down to 0.5" by moving the reticle precisely with the micrometer. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Power source (transtormer) ‘ACIOOV, 115V, 220V, or 240V | Secondary voltage of transformer 3-4-5-6-7-8V. Lamp 6V-15W special famp Fuse YAI260V for 100~120V area 0.5A/250V for 220~240V area 16 Nikon reserves the right to meke such altera- tions in design as may be considered necessary jin the light of experience. For this reason. particulars and illustrations in this handbook may znot conform in‘every detail to models in current ‘production.NIKON CORPORATION uj Bldg, 2-3, Marunouchi 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan Tol: 81-3-3216-1026 Telex: 122801 (NIKON) Fax: '81-3-3201-5856 NIKON INC. Inatrument Group 1300 Walt Whitman Road, Mable, NY 11747-2064, USA. “ele +1-516-547-8500 Fax: + 1-516-547-0308 NIKON EUROPE B. ‘Schiohotweg 321, P.O, Box 222, 1170 AE Bachoevedorp, The Netherlands ‘Tok 020-8504406 Telex: 13828 (NIKON NL) Fax: 20-6598035 Printed in Japan 241 coa.rmH 728 secat