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1.

0 Abstract

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the molarity of acetic acid and to calculate the
dissociation constant (Ka). Titration is a method used in measuring the amount of an analytical
reagent necessary to react quantitatively with the sample. Therefore, to determine the molarity of
acetic acid, 0.01M of acetic acid solution and 0.05M of sodium hydroxide were prepared. 10 ml
of acetic acid and 50 ml of distilled water were poured into 100 ml conical flask. Four to five drop
of phenolphthalein indicator was added into the same conical flask. Then, 50 ml of sodium
hydroxide were used to fill up the burette. Sodium hydroxide was titrated into the conical flask
until the entire solution change from colourless to very pale pink and the volume of sodium
hydroxide used were recorded. On the other hand, to determine the disassociation constant (Ka) of
acetic acid, small amount (less than 1 mL) of sodium hydroxide were titrated into the conical flask.
The pH paper was inserted into the solution and the pH value was recorded. The step was repeated
until the entire solution turns from colourless to very pale pink. Then, sodium hydroxide was
continued added until the pH value remained constant as a pH of 11-12. The Ka value obtained in
this experiment was 1x10 -10. Therefore, this can be conclude that by using the weak acid (acetic
acid) cause lower rate of acid dissociation. The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of
a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of bases and acids have
been mixed.
2.0 Introduction

The laboratory method used in this experiment is titration. Titration is a method used in
measuring the amount of an analytical reagent necessary to react quantitatively with the sample.
Acid-base titrations are important for counting concentrations of acids and bases. The point at
which the equivalence point has been reached is called the theoretical end point, knowledge of the
equivalence point will be used to obtain information about the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of
the acid being titrated [1]. The titration is detected by some physical change, such as colour change,
to indicate the end point. The indicator solution is used in this experiment is phenolphthalein which
is a colourless in acidic solution. When the reaction reached the endpoint, the solution becomes
pale pink. A little bit of phenolphthalein are sufficient for the titration. Addition of too much
phenolphthalein will necessitate an indicator blank. The indicator should give a clear visual change
in the liquid being titrated once the reaction between the standard solution and the substance is
practically complete [2]. The indicators can change colour because their ions have colours that are
different from the undissociates molecule. The pH versus the volume of (NaOH) titration added
can be plotted on what is called a titration curve. In this case the equivalence point occurs at the
point where very small additions of titrate cause a very rapid rise in the pH.
3.0 Methodology

1. 0.01M acetic acid solution and 0.05M Sodium Hyroxide solution were prepared.

2. 10mL of 0.01M aqueous acetic acid is added into a 100mL conical flask.

3. 50mL of distilled water added to the conical flask.

4. 4-5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added.

5. Burette is filled with 50mL of 0.05M NaOH.

6. The solution is titrated until light pink colour appears. Molarity of acetic acid is calculated.

Table 3.1: Precedure to standardize the Acetic Acid

1. Steps 1-4 from part A are repeated.

2. The solution is titrated until presence of pale pink.

3. PH vs. Volume of NaOH added recorded. NaOH is added in small amount and pH is recorded
using pH paper.

4. This is continued the pH remains relatively constant at 11 to 12.

Table 3.2: procedure to determine the Ka of Acetic Acid


4.0 Results

Titration Curve of pH vs Volume of NaOH


12

10

8
pH

Equivalent
4 point

2 initial point

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Volume of NaOH (mL)

Graph 3.1: Titration Curve of pH vs vlomue of NaOH

Table 3.1: The effect of volume of NaOH to the pH value

pH Volume of NaOH (mL)


3 0
3 2.0
3 4.0
4 6.0
5 7.0
6 8.0
7 9.0
8 10.0
9 11.0
9 12.0
9 14.0
9 18.0
10 20.0
10 22.0
The value of Ka for acetic acid.

-
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H3O+

Ka = [CH3COO-][ H3O+]
[CH3COOH]

Table 4.1: Concentration of CH3COOH, H3O+ and CH3COO-

CH3COOH H3O+ CH3COO-


Initial Concentration 0.01 M 0M 0M
Change in -x M +x M +x M
concentration
Equilibrium 0.01-x M +x M +x M
concentration

Log[H3O+] = -pH = -6

[H3O+] = 10-6 = x

[3 ][3 + ]
Ka =
[3 ]


=
0.01

(106 )
=
0.01106

106 106
=
0.01106

= 1 X 10-10
5.0 Discussion

Through the curve obtained from graph 3.1 it can be concluded that the solutions were
made from a weak acid and a strong base. This can be determined by acknowledging the changing
in pH as the NaOH solution was being added. Since the graph begins at a very low pH of 3, the
base solution must be a strong base. However, the pH value after being titrated was not high to
really show that it was a strong acid.

By using the pH obtained from the graph 3.1 which was pH of 6, the Ka value was
calculated. Ka, the acid ionization constant, is the equilibrium constant for chemical reactions
involving weak acids in aqueous solution. The numerical value of Ka is used to predict the extent
of acid dissociation. A large Ka value indicates a stronger acid (more of the acid dissociates) and
small Ka value indicates a weaker acid (less of the acid dissociates)[3]. In this experiment, the Ka
value obtained was 1x10-10. Therefore, this can be conclude that by using the weak acid (acetic
acid) cause lower rate of acid dissociation.
6.0 Conclusion

Titration, also known as titrimetric is a common laboratory method


of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an
identified analyte. Since volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known
as volumetric analysis. A reagent, called the titrant is prepared as a standard solution. A known
concentration and volume of titrant reacts with a solution of analyte or titrant to determine
concentration. The volume of titrant reacted is called titration volume. The equivalence point,
or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equivalent
quantities of bases and acids have been mixed [4]. In other words, the moles of acid are equivalent
to the moles of base. It can be found by means of an indicator, for
example phenolphthalein or methyl orange. The endpoint refers to the point at which the indicator
changes to a darker colour compared to equivalence point. Finally, based on the results gathered
above, the main objective of this experiment is achieved and accepted. As recommendation, the
experiment should be repeated at least 3 times for more accurate results.
Reference

1. https://www.britannica.com/science/titration
2. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/phcurves.html
3. https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Acids_and_Bases/
Ionization_Constants/Calculating_A_Ka_Value_From_A_Measured_Ph
4. Chemistry LibreTexts. (2017). Calculating a Ka Value from a Known pH. [online] Available at:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Acids_and_Bases/Ionizatio
n_Constants/Calculating_A_Ka_Value_From_A_Measured_Ph [Accessed 22 Oct. 2017].

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