Se pide resolver el marco con muros que se muestra utilizando el mtodo de la

columna ancha equivalente. considerar que las vigas y columnas son tipo viga
bidimensionales. Las columnas son de seccin cuadrada de 40 cm de lado, las vigas
son de seccin rectangular de 25x40cm, el muro tiene un espesor de 35 cm y una
longitud de 6m. El mdulo de elasticidad del material es E=200tn/cm2, la relacin de
Poisson es v=0.20. Considerar que todos los elementos son axialmente rgidos y
espreciar las deformaciones por cortante en vigas y columnas.

No hay deformaciones verticales es 0

Las deformaciones horizontales en cada piso son iguales

El marco equivalente sera:

150 ton 5 6
4 9 I= I=
10
8

8
3.0 3 6 4
100 ton 2
1 7 I= I=
8 3
8

4.0 1 5 2

7 8 9

5.0 3.0 3.0 5.0

a b

COORDENADAS GRADOS DE LIBERTAD

NUDO X Y X Y GIRO Z
1 0 4 1 2 3
2 8 4 4 5 6
3 16 4 7 8 9
4 0 7 10 11 12
5 8 7 13 14 15
6 16 7 16 17 18
7 0 0 0 0 0
8 8 0 0 0 0
9 16 0 0 0 0
E= 200 ton/cm2

NUDOS
BARRAS AREA (m2) I(cm4) Ii(I)
DE A
1 7 1 0.16 213,333.33 1.60
 2 9 3 0.16 213,333.33 1.60
3 1 4 0.16 213,333.33 1.60
4 3 6 0.16 213,333.33 1.60
5 8 2 2.1 630,000,000.00 4,725.00
6 2 5 2.1 630,000,000.00 4,725.00
7 1 2 0.1 133,333.33 1.00
8 2 3 0.1 133,333.33 1.00
9 4 5 0.1 133,333.33 1.00
10 5 6 0.1 133,333.33 1.00

HACEMOS:
INERCIA DE VIGAS I
INERCIA DE COLUMNAS 1.60 I
INERCIA DE MUROS 4725.00 I

VECTOR DESPLAZAMIENTOS DE NUDOS VECTOR FUERZAS EN LOS NUDOS

u1Z 1 0
u2Z 2 0
u3Z 3 0

{U}= u4Z 4 {F}= 0

u5Z 5 0
u6Z 6 0
u1x=u2x=u3x 7 100
u4x=u5x=u6x 8 150

CALCULO DE MATRICES DE RIGIDEZ EN LOCALES Y GLOBALES

ELEMENTOS COLUMNAS (BARRAS 1, 2, 3 Y 4)

A/L 0 0
0 6I/L^2
0 6I/L^2 4I/L
k'i= E -A/L 0 0
0 -12I/L^3 -6I/L^2
0 6I/L^2 2I/L

cos sen 0
-sen cos 0
[Ti]= 0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

BARRA 1
A= 0.16
I= 1.6
E= 1
L= 4
= 1.57079633 1.57 PI rad
7
1 1 1
0.04 0 0
0 0.3 0.6
[k' 1 ]= E 0 0.6 1.6
-0.04 0 0
0 -0.3 -0.6
0 0.6 0.8

7
0 0 0
0.3000 -0.0000 -0.6000
-0.0000 0.0400 0.0000
[k 1 ]= E -0.6000 0.0000 1.6000
-0.3000 0.0000 0.6000
0.0000 -0.0400 -0.0000
-0.6000 0.0000 0.8000

BARRA 2
A= 0.16
I= 1.6
E= 1
L= 4
= 1.57079633 1.57 PI rad
9
1 1 1
0.04 0 0
0 0.3 0.6
[k' 2 ]= E 0 0.6 1.6
-0.04 0 0
0 -0.3 -0.6
0 0.6 0.8

9
0 0 0
0.3000 -0.0000 -0.6000
-0.0000 0.0400 0.0000
[k 2 ]= E -0.6000 0.0000 1.6000
-0.3000 0.0000 0.6000
0.0000 -0.0400 -0.0000
-0.6000 0.0000 0.8000

BARRA 3
A= 0.16
I= 1.6
E= 1
L= 3
= 1.57079633 1.57 PI rad
1
1 2 3
0.0533 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.7111 1.0667
[k' 3 ]= E 0.0000 1.0667 2.1333
-0.0533 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.7111 -1.0667
0.0000 1.0667 1.0667

1
7 0 1
0.7111 -0.0000 -1.0667
-0.0000 0.0533 0.0000
[k 3 ]= E -1.0667 0.0000 2.1333
-0.7111 0.0000 1.0667
0.0000 -0.0533 -0.0000
-1.0667 0.0000 1.0667

BARRA 4
A= 0.16
I= 1.6
E= 1
L= 3
= 1.57079633 1.57 PI rad
3
1 1 1
0.0533 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.7111 1.0667
[k' 4 ]= E 0.0000 1.0667 2.1333
-0.0533 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.7111 -1.0667
0.0000 1.0667 1.0667

3
7 0 3
0.7111 -0.0000 -1.0667
-0.0000 0.0533 0.0000
[k 4 ]= E -1.0667 0.0000 2.1333
-0.7111 0.0000 1.0667
0.0000 -0.0533 -0.0000
-1.0667 0.0000 1.0667

ELEMENTOS MUROS COLUMNA ANCHA (BARRAS 5 Y 6)

 EA/L 0 0 -EA/L
0 12EI/L3(1+) 6EI/L2(1+) 0
[k']= 0 6EI/L2(1+) (4+)EI/L(1+) 0
-EA/L 0 0 EA/L
0 -12EI/L3(1+) -6EI/L2(1+) 0
0 6EI/L2(1+) (2-)EI/L(1+) 0

= y G=

= Ac=Ast/1.2

L: Altura del muro (long. de la columna equivalente)

5= 6.48

BARRA 5
A= 2.1
I= 4725
E= 1
L= 4
= 1.57079633 1.57 PI rad
8
16 17 18
0.5250 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 118.4408 236.8817
[k' 5 ]= E 0.0000 236.8817 1655.0134
-0.5250 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -118.4408 -236.8817
0.0000 236.8817 -707.4866

8
0 0 0
118.4408 -0.0000 -236.8817
-0.0000 0.5250 0.0000
[k 5 ]= E -236.8817 0.0000 1,655.0134
-118.4408 0.0000 236.8817
0.0000 -0.5250 -0.0000
-236.8817 0.0000 -707.4866

BARRA 6
A= 2.1
I= 4725
E= 1
L= 3
= 1.57079633 1.57 PI rad
6= 11.52 2
4 5 6
0.7000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 167.7316 251.5974
[k' 6 ]= E 0.0000 251.5974 1952.3962
-0.7000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -167.7316 -251.5974
0.0000 251.5974 -1197.6038

2
7 0 2
167.7316 -0.0000 -251.5974
-0.0000 0.7000 0.0000
[k 6 ]= E -251.5974 0.0000 1,952.3962
-167.7316 0.0000 251.5974
0.0000 -0.7000 -0.0000
-251.5974 0.0000 -1,197.6038

ELEMENTOS VIGAS CON NUDOS DE RIGIDEZ INFINITA (BARRAS 7,8,9 Y 10)

raz 0 0 - raz
0 raax rabx 0
[k']= 0 rabx r11x 0
- raz 0 0 raz
0 - raax - rabx 0
0 rbax r21x 0

raz= EA/L'.
raax= , rabx=

rbax= , r11x=

r22x= r12x= r21x =

Donde:
(*) = , = , =

(*) Por condicin en vigas y columnas se desprecia efecto de deformaciones por cortante
= 0
BARRA 7
A= 0.1
I= 1
E= 1 raax=
L'= 5
= 0 0.00 PI rad
7= 0 rabx=
= 0
= 3/5 0.6
r12x= r21x =

1
1 1 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.2458 0.3840
[k' 7 ]= E 0.0000 0.3840 0.8000
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.2458 -0.3840
0.0000 0.8448 1.1200

1
7 0 1
0.0200 - -
- 0.2458 0.3840
[k 7 ]= E - 0.3840 0.8000
-0.0200 - -
- -0.2458 -0.3840
- 0.8448 1.1200

BARRA 8
A= 0.1
I= 1
E= 1 raax=
L'= 5
= 0 0.00 PI rad
7= 0 rabx=
= 0.6 3/5
= 0 0
r12x= r21x =

2
 1 1 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.2458 0.8448
[k' 8 ]= E 0.0000 0.8448 3.1040
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.2458 -0.8448
0.0000 0.3840 1.1200

2
7 0 2
0.0200 - -
- 0.2458 0.8448
[k 8 ]= E - 0.8448 3.1040
-0.0200 - -
- -0.2458 -0.8448
- 0.3840 1.1200

BARRA 9
A= 0.1
I= 1
E= 1 raax=
L'= 5
= 0 0.00 PI rad
7= 0 rabx=
= 0 0
= 3/5 0.6
r12x= r21x =

4
1 1 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.2458 0.3840
[k' 9 ]= E 0.0000 0.3840 0.8000
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.2458 -0.3840
0.0000 0.8448 1.1200

4
8 0 4
0.0200 - -
- 0.2458 0.3840
[k 9 ]= E - 0.3840 0.8000
-0.0200 - -
- -0.2458 -0.3840
 - 0.8448 1.1200

BARRA 10
A= 0.1
I= 1
E= 1 raax=
L'= 5
= 0 0.00 PI rad
7= 0 rabx=
= 0.6 3/5
= 0 0
r12x= r21x =

5
1 1 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.2458 0.8448
[k' 10 ]= E 0.0000 0.8448 3.1040
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.2458 -0.8448
0.0000 0.3840 1.1200

5
8 0 5
0.02000 - -
- 0.24576 0.84480
[k 10 ]= E - 0.84480 3.10400
-0.02000 - -
- -0.24576 -0.84480
- 0.38400 1.12000

1 2
1 2 3 4
1 4.5333
2 1.1200 3,613.6175
3 - 4.5333
4 1.0667 2.933
[K]= 5 0.0000
6 0.0000
7 -0.4667
8
 {Fefect.}=[Kee]*{Ue}
donde:

{Fefect.}={Fe}-[Kes]*{Us}

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
{Fefec.}= #REF! - E
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

RESOLVEMOS EL SISTEMA

{Ue}= INVERSA [Kee]*{Fefect.}

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
VECTOR FUERZAS EN LOS NUDOS

0 3
0 4
2 5
0 6

{F}= 0 7
-2 8
0 9
0 11
-3 12

{F}= [K] * {U}

{U}= [K]^-1 * {F}
 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

{U}= #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

PROCESO DE RETORNO

{u'}= [T]{u}
{f'}= [k']{u'}

BARRA 1

[k' 1 ]= 8.000 -8.000

-8.000 8.000

[T 1 ]= 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

0.00 0
{u 1 }= 0 0 {u' 1 }=
#VALUE! 3
#VALUE! 4

{f 1 }= 8.0000 -8.0000 * #VALUE!

-8.0000 8.0000 #VALUE!

BARRA 4

[k' 4 ]= 10.667 -10.667

-10.667 10.667
[T 4 ]= 0.0000 0.1411 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1411

0.00 0
{u 4 }= 0 0 {u' 4 }=
0.35 11
-1.73 12

{f 4 }= 10.6667 -10.6667 * 0.00

-10.6667 10.6667 -0.24
 150 ton

3.0

100 ton

4.0

5.0 6.0 5.0

0
4
ENUMERANDO LOS GRADOS DE LIBERTAD CONVENIENTEMENTE DE MODO
QUE LAS DEFORMACIONES ANGULARES ESTN SEPARADAS DE LAS
3 DEFORMACIONES LINEALES, LOS DESPLAZAMIENTOS EN COORDENADAS
GLOBALES QUEDAN ASI:
2

.0

GRADOS DE LIBERTAD GRADOS DE LIBERTAD

X Y GIRO Z X
7 0 1 7
8 0 2 7
9 0 3 7
10 0 4 10
11 0 5 10
12 0 6 10
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

xj yj xk yk L(cm) Dy

0 0 0 4 4.00 4
 16 0 16 4 4.00 4
0 4 0 7 3.00 3
16 4 16 7 3.00 3
8 0 8 4 4.00 4
8 4 8 7 3.00 3
0 4 8 4 8.00 0
8 4 16 4 8.00 0
0 7 8 7 8.00 0
8 7 16 7 8.00 0

TOR FUERZAS EN LOS NUDOS

1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8

-A/L 0 0
0 -12I/L^3 6I/L^2
0 -6I/L^2 2I/L
A/L 0 0
0 12I/L^3 -6I/L^2
0 -6I/L^2 4I/L

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
cos sen 0
-sen cos 0
0 0 1

0
 0
u1= 0
7
1 0
1 1 1 1
-0.04 0 0 1
0 -0.3 0.6 1 7
0 -0.6 0.8 1 0
0.04 0 0 1 u7= 1
0 0.3 -0.6 1 7
0 -0.6 1.6 1 0
2
1
7 0 1
-0.3000 0.0000 -0.6000 0
0.0000 -0.0400 0.0000 0
0.6000 -0.0000 0.8000 0
0.3000 -0.0000 0.6000 7
-0.0000 0.0400 -0.0000 0
0.6000 -0.0000 1.6000 1

3
1 1 1
-0.04 0 0 1
0 -0.3 0.6 1
0 -0.6 0.8 1
0.04 0 0 1
0 0.3 -0.6 1
0 -0.6 1.6 1

3
7 0 3
-0.3000 0.0000 -0.6000 0
0.0000 -0.0400 0.0000 0
0.6000 -0.0000 0.8000 0
0.3000 -0.0000 0.6000 7
-0.0000 0.0400 -0.0000 0
0.6000 -0.0000 1.6000 3
 4
10 11 12
-0.0533 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 -0.7111 1.0667 2
0.0000 -1.0667 1.0667 3
0.0533 0.0000 0.0000 10
0.0000 0.7111 -1.0667 11
0.0000 -1.0667 2.1333 12

4
8 0 4
-0.7111 0.0000 -1.0667 7
0.0000 -0.0533 0.0000 0
1.0667 -0.0000 1.0667 1
0.7111 -0.0000 1.0667 8
-0.0000 0.0533 -0.0000 0
1.0667 -0.0000 2.1333 4

6
1 1 1
-0.0533 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 -0.7111 1.0667 1
0.0000 -1.0667 1.0667 1
0.0533 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 0.7111 -1.0667 1
0.0000 -1.0667 2.1333 1

6
8 0 6
-0.7111 0.0000 -1.0667 7
0.0000 -0.0533 0.0000 0
1.0667 -0.0000 1.0667 3
0.7111 -0.0000 1.0667 8
-0.0000 0.0533 -0.0000 0
1.0667 -0.0000 2.1333 6
 0 0
-12EI/L3(1+) 6EI/L2(1+)
-6EI/L2(1+) (2-)EI/L(1+)
0 0
12EI/L (1+)
3
-6EI/L2(1+)
-6EI/L (1+) (4+)EI/L(1+)
2

2
4 5 6
-0.5250 0.0000 0.0000 16
0.0000 -118.4408 236.8817 17
0.0000 -236.8817 -707.4866 18
0.5250 0.0000 0.0000 4
0.0000 118.4408 -236.8817 5
0.0000 -236.8817 1655.0134 6

2
7 0 2
-118.4408 0.0000 -236.8817 0
0.0000 -0.5250 0.0000 0
236.8817 -0.0000 -707.4866 0
118.4408 -0.0000 236.8817 7
-0.0000 0.5250 -0.0000 0
236.8817 -0.0000 1,655.0134 2
 5
13 14 15
-0.7000 0.0000 0.0000 4
0.0000 -167.7316 251.5974 5
0.0000 -251.5974 -125.7987 6
0.7000 0.0000 0.0000 13
0.0000 167.7316 -251.5974 14
0.0000 -251.5974 1952.3962 15

5
8 0 5
-167.7316 0.0000 -251.5974 7
0.0000 -0.7000 0.0000 0
251.5974 -0.0000 -125.7987 2
167.7316 -0.0000 251.5974 8
-0.0000 0.7000 -0.0000 0
251.5974 -0.0000 1,952.3962 5

0 0
- raax rbax
- rabx r12x
0 0
raax - rbax
- rbax r22x

deformaciones por cortante

 = 2.56 (12EI/L'^3) rbax=

= 1.60 (6EI/L'^2) r11x=

= 2.80 (2EI/L') r22x=

2
1 1 1
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 -0.2458 0.8448 1
0.0000 -0.3840 1.1200 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 0.2458 -0.8448 1
0.0000 -0.8448 3.1040 1

2
7 0 2
-0.0200 - - 7
- -0.2458 0.8448 0
- -0.3840 1.1200 1
0.0200 - - 7
- 0.2458 -0.8448 0
- -0.8448 3.1040 2

= 2.56 (12EI/L'^3) rbax=

= 3.52 (6EI/L'^2) r11x=

= 2.80 (2EI/L') r22x=

3
 1 1 1
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 -0.2458 0.3840 1
0.0000 -0.8448 1.1200 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 0.2458 -0.3840 1
0.0000 -0.3840 0.8000 1

3
7 0 3
-0.0200 - - 7
- -0.2458 0.3840 0
- -0.8448 1.1200 2
0.0200 - - 7
- 0.2458 -0.3840 0
- -0.3840 0.8000 3

= 2.56 (12EI/L'^3) rbax=

= 1.60 (6EI/L'^2) r11x=

= 2.80 (2EI/L') r22x=

5
1 1 1
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 -0.2458 0.8448 1
0.0000 -0.3840 1.1200 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 0.2458 -0.8448 1
0.0000 -0.8448 3.1040 1

5
8 0 5
-0.0200 - - 8
- -0.2458 0.8448 0
- -0.3840 1.1200 4
0.0200 - - 8
- 0.2458 -0.8448 0
 - -0.8448 3.1040 5

= 2.56 (12EI/L'^3) rbax=

= 3.52 (6EI/L'^2) r11x=

= 2.80 (2EI/L') r22x=

6
1 1 1
-0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 -0.2458 0.3840 1
0.0000 -0.8448 1.1200 1
0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 1
0.0000 0.2458 -0.3840 1 0
4
150 ton 8
0.0000 -0.3840 0.8000 1
4 9 I=

8
6 3.0 3
0
8 0 6 100 ton 1 7 2
-0.02000 - - 8
1 7 I=

8
- -0.24576 0.38400 0
- -0.84480 1.12000 5
4.0 1
0.02000 - - 8
- 0.24576 -0.38400 0
7
- -0.38400 0.80000 6

5.0 3.0

2 3 4
5 6 7 8

1,958.604
2.933
288.195
169.154
Ue}

*{Us} {Fe}: fuerzas en lo nudos de la superestructura

[Kee]*{Fefect.}
VECTOR DESPLAZAMIENTOS DE NUDOS

u2x 3
u2y 4
u3x 5
u3y 6

{U}= u4x 7
u4y 8
u5x 9
u6x 11
u6y 12
 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

= #VALUE! ton
#VALUE! ton 2 2 3 2tn

1 3 2.00m
7 8
9
1 6 5 4
4 5 6
3tn 2tn
 7 8
9
1 6 5 4
4 5 6
3tn 2tn

3.00m 3.00m 3.00m

0.00
-0.24

2.60
-2.60
 0
0 5
4 8
8 6 0
150 ton 5 6
8
4 9 I= I=
10
8

8
3.0 3 6 4
DE MODO 0 0 0
100 ton 1 2 3
S 7 2 7 7
NADAS
1 7 I= I=
8 3
8

4.0 1 5 2

7 8 9

5.0 3.0 3.0 5.0

GRADOS DE LIBERTAD GRADOS DE LIBERTAD

Y GIRO Z X Y GIRO Z
0 1 7 0 1
0 2 7 0 2
0 3 7 0 3
0 4 8 0 4
0 5 8 0 5
0 6 8 0 6
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

Dx rad DEG

0 1.57 90.00
0 1.57 90.00
0 1.57 90.00
0 1.57 90.00
0 1.57 90.00
0 1.57 90.00
8 0.00 0.00
8 0.00 0.00
8 0.00 0.00
8 0.00 0.00
= 3.52 (6EI/L'^2)

= 1.00 (4EI/L')

= 3.88 (4EI/L')

= 1.60 (6EI/L'^2)

= 3.88 (4EI/L')

= 1.00 (4EI/L')
= 3.52 (6EI/L'^2)

= 1.00 (4EI/L')

= 3.88 (4EI/L')
 = 1.60 (6EI/L'^2)

= 3.88 (4EI/L')

= 1.00 (4EI/L')

0
0 5
8
8 6 0
5 6
8
9 I= I=
10
8

6 4
0 0 0
1 2 3
7 2 7 7
7 I= I=
8 3
8

5 2

8 9

5.0 3.0 3.0 5.0

4 5 6
14 15 16 17
 #REF! #VALUE! #REF!
0 #REF! #VALUE! #REF!
0 #REF! #VALUE! #REF!
0 #REF! #VALUE! #REF!
0 #REF! #VALUE! #REF!

0 = #REF! - #VALUE! = #REF!

0 #REF! #VALUE! #REF!
#REF! #VALUE! #REF!
#REF! #VALUE! #REF!
#REF! #VALUE! #REF!
#REF! #VALUE! #REF!
#REF! #VALUE! #REF!
 0 3 #VALUE! 3
0 4 #VALUE! 4
2 5 #VALUE! 5

* 0 6 #VALUE! 6
0 7 #VALUE! 7
-2 8 #VALUE! 8
0 9 #VALUE! 9
0 11 #VALUE! 11
-3 12 #VALUE! 12

7 1

2.00m

2tn
4

2tn
 6 0
6
8

4
0
3
7
3

9
 3 tn/m
7.5 tn
2 6 I, A=20I 3

3.0
3 7.5 tn
4
2I, A=20I

5 tn 5 4
1
4.0

4.0 1 2
3I, A=20I

a
8.0
6
18
1
2 1
3
4
5 2
6
7
8 3
9
10
4
11 4
12
13
14 5
15
16
17 6
18
n/m
7.5 tn
I, A=20I 3

7.5 tn
4
2I, A=20I
5 4 5 tn

2
3I, A=20I

6
b
8.0