C R E AT I V E

SOLUTIONS
T O D AY

Ammonia NH4OH

CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY
SII manufactures and markets
the following products:
AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, POLYALUMINUM
CHLORIDE, ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE
ALUMINUM SULFATE SOLUTION, LOW
IRON AND COMMERCIAL GRADE
ACID ALUM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
IRON FREE ACTIVATED ALUM
CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTION
CEMENT MANUFACTURING ADDITIVES
SODIUM ALUMINATE
SODIUM BISULFITE
SODIUM SULFITE
SODIUM THIOSULFATE
SODA ASH SOLUTION
MAGNESIUM SULFATE
VARIOUS ZIRCONIC COMPOUNDS
Southern Ionics Incorporated (SII) was founded in 1980 and is a privately owned organization.
Our corporate headquarters and research facilities are located in West Point and Columbus
Mississippi respectively. We also possess manufacturing facilities
throughout the Gulf Coast, Southeast, and Mid Atlantic, including
four Aqua Ammonia supply points in Augusta, Georgia, Baton Rouge
and Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Pasadena, Texas. Southern Ionics
offers its customers the advantages of multiple manufacturing locations
combined with economical logistics and technical service.
CUSTOMER FOCUS
Southern Ionics is committed to building a team of motivated individuals who can advance
the technology of our business, manufacture quality products, and provide our customers
with the service and know-how to maximize the value of our products. For our customers,
Southern Ionics provides comprehensive technical service and applications assistance for all
products through our engineering, technical sales, and R&D personnel. Southern Ionics
quality management system is certified to ISO 9001 Standards. Potable water treatment
products are NSF certified for use. Many of our products meet the FDA GRAS (Generally
Recognized as Safe) requirements. Our Vision is to build a company that excels in safety,
reliability, quality, and service. We strive to be a company our customers and employees
trust, have confidence in, and can depend upon recognizing that excellence is a way of life
built on every action we take.
CUSTOMER SERVICE
Safely exceeding customer expectations is our number one priority. SII has a centrally located
Customer Service Department with toll free telephone (800 953-3585) and facsimile (800
953-3588) numbers for customer convenience while ordering during business hours. We also
have a toll free number for after hours and emergencies. The after-hours operator is equipped
with pertinent information to handle any customer request. This allows for 24 hour, 7 days a
week, 365 days a year service to handle customer needs.
Inventory management is also available. SII personnel can monitor customer tank levels
and usage rates by phone or automated phone and internet systems. SII then schedules
delivery based on the customers inventory targets and usage rates.
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Southern Ionics AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia is manufactured in Lake Charles, Louisiana.
Distribution is also available from SIIs locations in Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana;
Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Pasadena, Texas. AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia is also known as
ammonia solution. Southern Ionics manufactures our AQUA-CAT ammonium hydroxide
from purified anhydrous ammonia, and de-mineralized water. It is a colorless liquid with a
strong odor. Concentrations up to a nominal 29% solution are available.
The main uses for AQUA-CAT ammonia solution are:
1. SCR and SNCR for removal of nitrous oxides in stack emissions
2. Catalyst Manufacture
3. Pharmaceuticals
4. Specialty chemical manufacturing
5. Water treatment
6. Fiber manufacturing
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia is manufactured from de-mineralized (de-ionized) water
and high purity anhydrous ammonia. The manufacturing method consists of the rapid
dissolution of anhydrous ammonia vapor into de-mineralized water. The use of ammonia
vapor produces a superior quality Aqua Ammonia solution to that produced from liquid
anhydrous ammonia. The different strengths of AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia are typically
made in a step-wise process with successive additions of anhydrous ammonia. This is done
to increase the concentration of the ammonia in the liquid and, at the same time, allows the
removal of the excess heat of reaction.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Houston Ammonia Terminal (HAT)
& Donaldsonville, Louisiana

Primary Clarification
via R/O or Clarifier,
Vapor De-mineralized Cationic, Anionic, Mixed
Anhydrous Packed Water Bed Demineralization
Ammonia Bed and Polishing
Absorber
Truck
AQUA-CAT

Rail

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Lake Charles, Louisiana
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

Truck
Anhydrous
Convertor AQUA-CAT
Ammonia
Ammonium
Hydroxide Rail

Reverse Osmosis and

Cationic, Anionic,
Mixed Demineralization De-mineralized
and Polishing Water

4
PERSONAL SAFETY
AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) solution is a hazardous material. Contact with
eyes, skin, or mucous membranes can cause irritation. To
avoid irritation, AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia should
be handled in open or well-ventilated areas. Appropriate
SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL & REGULATORY
personal protective equipment, including safety goggles,
rubber boots, rubber gloves, rubber aprons, and face shields,
should be worn. Respirators should be worn unless the ventilation is adequate enough to keep airborne
concentrations below the exposure standards. Ingestion of AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia can be fatal.
THE MSDS MUST BE READ, UNDERSTOOD AND FOLLOWED BEFORE HANDLING
AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA.

FIRST AID
EYES Immediately flush with flowing water for at least 15 minutes with eyelids held apart.
Obtain medical attention.
SKIN Apply water immediately to exposed areas of skin and continue for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contaminated clothing while continuing to apply water. Do not apply salves or ointments
to area. Obtain medical attention.
INHALATION Remove victim to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. If breathing has
stopped, start artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
INGESTION DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If person is conscious, give large quantities of water
and, if possible, diluted vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, or other citric juices to neutralize the
ammonia. Delay may cause perforation of esophagus or stomach. Obtain medical attention.

FIRE PROTECTION
FLASH POINT N/A
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT 15% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volume
UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT 28% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volume
LIMITING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION 15% O2 is the minimum to support combustion. Inert gas pad
systems are recommended. Please see the data provided in the physical properties section of this handbook.
AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE - 850C, 1560F
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Water spray or fog type streams. Chemical extinguishers or CO2

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

extinguishers should be used on small fires only.
SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES Stop the flow of liquid. Use water to keep fire-exposed
containers cool and to protect personnel affecting the shut off. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus
and full protective clothing. Approach fire upwind and evacuate area downwind if needed.
UNUSUAL FIRE & EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS The presence of oil or other combustible materials will
increase the fire hazard. The explosive (flammable) range of ammonia is broadened by a mixture
of oxygen replacing air and by temperature and pressure higher than atmospheric. Aqua Ammonia
storage tanks that do not use inert gas pads potentially may contain explosive vapor mixtures.
Sources of ignition should be avoided.

REACTIVITY DATA
STABILITY Stable at temperatures below boiling point.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID Heat, open flames, and electrical equipment and fixtures which are not
vapor proof or grounded.
5
 INCOMPATIBILITY Strong acids, most common metals, strong oxidizing agents, mercury,
chlorine, bromine, iodine, calcium, silver oxide, hypochlorite, bronze, brass, copper, and
aluminum.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS Ammonia is chemically reactive, easily
undergoing oxidation, substitution, and additional reactions. Combustion of ammonia
will yield small amounts of nitrogen and water.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION Will not occur.

SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS OF

OVEREXPOSURE AND TOXICITY
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Burning of the eyes, conjunctivitis, skin irritation, swelling of the
eyelids and lips, dry mouth and tongue, burning of the throat, and coughing. In more
severe cases of exposure, difficulty breathing, signs and symptoms of lung congestions,
and, ultimately, death from respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema may occur.
EFFECTS Irritation and possible burns of the skin and mucous membranes. Headache,
salivation, nausea, and vomiting. Difficult or labored breathing and cough with
bloody mucous discharge. Bronchitis, laryngitis, hemotysis, and pulmonary edema or
pneumonities. Ulceration of the conjunctiva and cornea, and corneal and lenticular
opacities. Damage to the eyes may be permanent.
TOXICITY Acute oral toxicity LD50 for rat is 350mg/kg ammonia. IDLH* Value is
300ppm. *Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

REGULATORY
REGULATIONS Please consult the proper regulatory authorities to determine the
appropriate regulations that may apply. Suggested agencies to contact include, but are
not limited to, OSHA, EPA, and local and state authorities.
RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS Concentrations of AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia of 20%
or greater may be subject to EPAs Risk Management Plans based upon the quantity
maintained onsite.
SPILL/EMERGENCY RESPONSE HAZWOPER trained personnel should respond to
AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia spills. Appropriate spill/emergency response plans should
be used. These plans should be updated on a regular basis based on process and regulatory
changes.
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS
DOT Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia Solution or Ammonium Hydroxide, with more
than 10% but not more than 35% as ammonia.
DOT Classification: 8
UN/NA Identification Number: UN 2672
Packing Group: III
Other Labels: Corrosive

DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS
Consult the proper federal, state, or local authorities for the proper disposal procedures.
Reportable Quantities - 1000 lbs.

6
GENERAL
The single most important fact to keep in mind, when specifying materials of construction,
is that AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia is incompatible
with copper alloys including brass and bronze. This
material can be present unobtrusively in fittings such
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
as pipe union seats, relief valves, pump packing glands,
check valves, gauge cocks, pressure gauges, etc. AQUA-
CAT aqua ammonia is incompatible with zinc contact such as galvanized steel fittings. See
the AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia Materials Guide below for specific recommendations.

STORAGE TANKS
Southern Ionics recommends that stainless steel be used for product storage vessels, especially
if a low iron content quality is to be maintained. Interior surface passivation and exterior
surface preservation is not an issue such as with carbon steel storage vessels.

PROCESS PIPING & FITTINGS

Southern Ionics recommends good quality, seamless, low carbon, stainless steel pipe be used
for tank filling and vapor return lines. Piping assemblies should be welded construction
using appropriate methods. Threaded piping is discouraged, especially in the larger, 2-inch
size because of the difficulty in obtaining vapor tight connections. Small process connections,
less than 1 inch, can be made with stainless steel tubing and compression fittings such as
Swagelok or Parker.

AQUA AMMONIA MATERIALS GUIDE

USE DO NOT USE

METALS Hastelloys Copper
Stainless Steel such as 304, 316 Brasses, All
Steel Bronze
Cast Iron, High Silicon Zinc
Aluminum Cadmium
Titanium Silver

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

Zirconium Aluminum Bronz
20 Cb3 Monel

ELASTOMERS Butyl Natural Rubber

Hypalon Hard Rubber
EPDM Polysulfides
Neoprene

LININGS Epoxies Silicates

Vinyls

PLASTICS CPVC, E-CTFE, FEP, Nylon Isophtalic Polyster

PFA, PET, PE, PP, PVC Saran
PVDF, PPS, TFE Acetal
7
 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
Southern Ionics AQUA-CAT aqua ammonia stainless-steel tank trailers are specially
equipped to ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally
friendly deliveries. Southern Ionics uses the pump
AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA DELIVERY delivery off-loading method, shown in the drawing, SII
AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia Delivery Connection.

The tank trailers have a stainless steel sliding vane type pump which functions as both
unloading pump and vapor compressor to clear the unloading line. This operation is
described in Procedure.

The tank trailer is equipped with a vapor return valve, which operates in concert with the
internal product valve on the trailer. Vapors displaced from the customers storage tanks
are routed back into Southern Ionics tank trailer.

With the tank trailer are dry-disconnect style product and vapor return hoses. These
hoses eliminate product spillage and vapor leakage when hoses are disconnected after a
load is delivered.

PROCEDURE
A trained Southern Ionics driver, after checking in with the customer and verifying that the
storage tank will hold a product load, puts on personal protection equipment and prepares
his equipment for product offloading. Hoses with dry disconnects are used to make the
product connection and the vapor recovery connection.

The appropriate storage tank valves are opened. The external trailer valve is opened last.
The driver then engages the tractor powered pump drive and delivers product to the
storage tank. As product fills the storage tank, air and vapors in the tank are displaced. The
interconnecting vapor line between the SII tank trailer and storage tank allows displaced
vapors to flow back to the truck trailer. The Southern Ionics driver carefully oversees the

AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA DELIVERY CONNECTION

SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

A DOT Pressure Relief Valve H Grounded

B Vapor Recovery Valve
C DOT Vacuum Relief Valve
D 2 Cam & Groove Male
E 2 Cam & Groove Male with Shut-off Valve
F 2 Cam & Groove Female with Shut-off Valve
G 2 Cam & Groove Female
I Positive Displacement Pump with 180gpm@75psig max
J 2 Chemical Hose with Standard 2 Cam & Groove Fittings
K Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve
L Flow/Pressure Controller
M Nitrogen Source

8
entire operation to ensure that equipment and connections function properly. When it
appears that the pump has emptied the tank trailer, the driver will allow the pump to run
for a few moments longer. The pump, now functioning as a compressor, takes vapors from
the trailer and blows the product unloading hose clear.

The pump is then shut down, the storage valves closed, and the product and vapor hoses
are disconnected. Because of the dry disconnect feature, product loss to the environment is
maintained to an absolute minimum.

STORAGE METHODS
There are two ways to safely store AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia:
Atmospheric Pressure Storage
Pressure Storage
AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA STORAGE
Schematics of these three methods are provided in this manual, 19%
AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia Atmospheric Pressure Storage, and
29% AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia Pressure Storage. Whatever method, the storage tank
should be located away from sources of heat such as direct sunlight, elevated temperature
processes, and steam lines. Special cautionary notes apply to all types of AQUA-CAT aqua
ammonia storage tanks. Water flushing an empty tank containing ammonia vapor can
collapse the tank when the vapors are rapidly absorbed into the water. Additional vapor
pressure data are provided in the physical properties section of this manual.

ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE
19% AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia is ideally suited for atmospheric (Non Pressure Rated)
storage because of its relatively low vapor pressure of around 7 psia at 80F. Typically, these
type storage tanks are built to the API 650 standard. Installation of a combination pressure
relief/vacuum relief vent valve on the tank is recommended. This special valve helps keep
ammonia vapors in the tank and enables the vapor return hook-up to operate properly
during truck offloading. If local conditions require that releases from the pressure relief
valve should be contained, a vapor scrubber using water may be employed to re-absorb the
ammonia vapor. A weak ammonia water solution is generated in the scrubber, and disposal
provisions should be made.

PRESSURE STORAGE

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

AQUA-CAT 29% Aqua Ammonia is best stored in a pressure vessel type storage tank.
These tanks, built to the AMSE Pressure Vessel Code, are rated for 25 psig service.

10
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK


11
SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK
 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS
VAPOR SCRUBBERS
Branch Environmental
P.O. Box 5265
Somerville, NJ 08876
908-526-1114
www.branchenv.com
Severn Trent Services
3000 Advance Lane
Colmar, PA 18915
215-997-4000
www.severntrentservices.com
Duall Division
Met-Pro, EAS Corp
1550 Industrial Drive
Owosso, MI 48867
989-725-8184
www.mpeas.com
Bionomic Industries Inc.
777 Corporate Drive
Mahwah, NJ 07430
201-529-1094
www.bionomicind.com
Pollution Systems
2170 Buckthorne Place
Suite 160
The Woodlands, TX 77380
713-574-6661
www.pollutionsystems.com
COMPRESSION
FITTINGS
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK
Swagelok
29500 Solon Road
Solon, OH 44139
www.swagelok.com
Tube Fittings Division
3885 Gateway Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43228
www.parker.com
12
STORAGE TANK Integrated Flow Solutions,
DESIGN STANDARDS LLC
9807 Whithorn Dr.
American Petroleum Institute Houston, TX 77095
1220 L. Street, Northwest 281-858-2390
Washington, DC 20005 www.ifsolutions.com
202-682-8000
www.api.org Savannah Tank & Mfg. , Inc.
1517 Telfair Rd.
API 650 Welded Steel Tanks Garden City, GA 31415
for Oil Storage 912-233-8902
www.savannahtank.com
API 653 Tank Inspection,
Repair, Alteration, and Gulf Coast Alloy Welding
Reconstruction P.O. Box 1327
Humble, TX 77338
API 2000 Venting 281-821-0543
Atmospheric and Low-Pressure www.gcaw.com
Storage Tanks
American Society of
LOW NPSH
Mechanical Engineers REQUIREMENT PUMPS
3 Park Avenue Roth Pump Company
New York, NY 10016 P.O. Box 4330
800-843-2763 Rock Island, IL 61204
www.asme.org 888-444-7684 (ROTH)
www.rothpump.com
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Pressure Vessels, Section VIII Goulds Pumps
240 Fall Street
Seneca Falls, NY 13148
STORAGE TANKS 800-734-7867 (PUMP)
AND AQUA AMMONIA www.gouldspumps.com
SYSTEMS Flowserve Corporation
Reco USA Pump Division
P.O. Box 4147 3900 Cook Boulevard
West Columbia, SC 29171 Chesapeake, VA 23323
803-794-3360 757-485-8000
www.recousatanks.com www.flowserve.com
Paul Mueller Company Blackmer Pumps
P.O. Box 828 1809 Century Avenue S.W.
Springfield, MO 65801 Grand Rapids, MI 49503
800-683-5537 616-241-1611
www.muel.com www.blackmer.com
STORAGE TANK TANK LEVEL TANK LEVEL
CONSERVATION MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT
VENT/BREATHER MAGNETIC DIFFERENTIAL
The Protectoseal Company ISE Magtech PRESSURE
225 West Foster Avenue 3902 Magnolia Street ABB (Fisher & Porter)
Bensenville, IL 60106 Pearland, TX 77584 800-435-7365
630-595-0800 281-488-0788 www.abb.com
www.protectoseal.com www.isemagtech.com

Groth Corporation K-Tek Emerson Process Management

13650 North Promenade Blvd 18321 Swamp Road Rosemount Inc.
Stafford, TX 77477 Prairieville, LA 70769 8200 Market Blvd.
800-552-2960 225-673-6100 Chanhassen, MN 55317
www.grothcorp.com www.ktekcorp.com 800-999-9307
www2.emersonprocess.com
L&J Technologies Jogler
(Shand & Jurs) 9715 Derrington Honeywell International
5911 Butterfield Road Houston, TX 77064 Honeywell Instrumentation
Hillside, IL 60162 800-223-8469 800-822-7673
708-236-6000 www.jogler.com www.honeywell.com
www.ljtechnologies.com
Ernst Flow Ind Vega Americas
OCECO P.O. Box 925 4170 Rosslyn Drive
P.O. Box 159 116 Main Street Cincinnati, OH 45209
1616 South County Rd 1 Farmingdale, NJ 07727 800-367-5385
Tiffin, OH 44883 800-992-2843 www.vega-americas.com
800-844-3543 www.ernstflow.com
www.oceco.com

Cashco Inc. OXYGEN ANALYZERS

607 W 15th St.
GE-SENSING
P.O. Box 6
1100 Technology Park Drive
Ellsworth, KS 67439
Billerica, MA 01821
785-472-4461
978-437-1000
www.cashco.com
www.gesensing.com

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

YOKOGAWA
2 Dart Road
Newnan, GA 30265
800-258-2552
www.us.yokogawa.com

METTLER-TOLEDO
36 Middlesex Turnpike
Bedford, MA 01730
800-352-8763
www.mt.com

13
 VAPOR PRESSURE OF AQUA-CATTM

AQUA-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS

19% 29%
deg F psia mm Hg psig psia mm Hg psig
32 1.6 83 4.4 228
40 2.0 103 5.5 285
50 2.6 135 7.2 372
60 3.5 181 9.1 471
70 4.6 238 11.7 605
80 6.0 310 14.6 755 ~0
90 7.4 383 18.2 3.5
100 9.3 481 22.8 8.1
110 11.6 600 27.8 13.1
120 14.4 745 ~0
130 21.4 6.7

TM
Partial Vapor Pressure Of Ammonia Over AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia
(Pressure indicated in psia)

We ig h t % C o n c e n t ra t io n O f A m m o n ia In A q u a A m m o n ia
Tem p F 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.72
32 0.26 0.52 0.90 1.51 2.67 4.27 6.54 8.93 14.13 19.36 25.12 31.13 36.74 42.69 45.92 49.26 52.13 54.89 58.01
40 0.33 0.66 1.14 1.92 3.16 5.13 7.98 11.98 17.14 23.33 30.15 37.15 43.69 49.56 54.40 58.31 61.62 64.77 68.31
50 0.47 0.89 1.50 2.53 4.16 6.63 10.24 15.24 21.56 29.17 37.46 45.86 53.79 60.82 66.63 71.26 75.22 79.05 83.40
60 0.62 1.19 2.00 3.21 5.36 8.48 13.06 19.15 26.92 36.14 46.12 56.22 65.81 73.99 80.90 86.44 91.04 95.67 100.65
70 0.83 1.52 2.60 4.28 6.87 10.76 16.33 23.84 33.20 44.25 56.29 68.32 79.42 89.26 97.42 104.01 109.55 114.83 120.61

80 1.04 1.98 3.34 5.45 8.69 13.52 20.29 29.40 40.69 53.84 67.97 82.36 95.52 107.06 116.42 124.20 130.57 136.35 143.70
90 1.36 2.52 4.25 6.88 10.89 16.76 25.04 35.94 49.45 64.99 81.61 98.35 113.79 127.22 138.18 147.02 154.46 161.74 169.73
100 1.72 3.20 5.34 8.60 13.53 20.68 30.57 43.57 59.49 77.85 97.27 116.81 134.70 150.23 162.94 173.22 181.97 190.13 199.17
110 2.14 4.00 6.65 10.64 16.65 25.21 37.01 52.43 71.20 92.59 115.16 137.62 158.42 176.18 190.85 203.02 212.71 222.22 232.79
120 2.67 4.95 8.21 13.09 20.30 30.54 44.56 62.62 84.44 109.40 135.48 161.44 185.14 205.81 222.28 236.05 247.14 258.24 270.02

130 3.28 6.09 10.05 15.93 24.58 36.74 53.16 74.27 99.69 128.45 158.45 188.16 215.14 238.70 257.87 272.88 286.08 298.46 311.80
140 3.97 7.41 12.21 19.23 29.43 43.77 62.97 87.53 116.72 149.93 184.17 218.18 248.70 275.33 297.12 314.45 328.99 342.93 358.46
150 4.78 8.92 14.70 23.09 35.09 51.91 74.28 102.51 136.15 173.64 212.91 251.24 286.00 316.24 340.82 360.39 376.57 392.45 409.62
160 5.68 10.70 17.57 27.45 41.56 61.03 86.91 119.37 157.71 200.45 244.98 288.38 327.82 361.75 389.08 411.30 429.73 447.35 466.38
170 6.75 12.67 20.85 32.41 48.89 71.48 101.09 138.30 181.95 230.36 280.54 329.42 373.61 411.59 442.28 466.67 487.85 507.63 528.50

180 7.90 14.96 24.56 38.13 57.19 83.07 116.97 159.37 208.66 263.43 319.89 374.25 424.10 466.26 500.63 528.08 551.24
190 9.23 17.55 28.78 44.49 66.49 96.22 134.89 182.72 238.39 299.86 363.11 424.15 479.40 526.15
200 10.70 20.45 33.49 51.58 76.90 110.85 154.58 208.56 270.94 340.02 410.17 478.62 539.79
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

210 12.26 23.68 38.76 59.65 88.48 126.83 176.24 236.97 307.08 383.99 462.36 537.56
220 14.02 27.15 44.61 68.43 101.24 144.74 200.46 268.30 346.07 431.43 518.19

230 15.95 31.09 51.06 78.14 115.45 164.17 226.67 302.53 389.29 483.53
240 17.92 35.40 58.00 89.02 130.94 185.79 255.26 339.72 435.78 540.44
250 20.12 40.09 65.74 100.69 147.66 209.67 286.89 380.42 486.73

From Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook , 4th Edition

14
 TM
Partial Vapor Pressure Of Water Over AQUA-CAT Aqua Ammonia
(Pressure indicated in psia)

Weight % Concentration Of Am m onia In Aqua Am m onia

Tem p F 0.00 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.72
32 0.09 0.084 0.079 0.074 0.070 0.065 0.060 0.056 0.051 0.047 0.042 0.038 0.034 0.030 0.025 0.021 0.017 0.013 0.008 0.004
40 0.12 0.115 0.108 0.101 0.095 0.089 0.083 0.076 0.070 0.064 0.058 0.052 0.046 0.040 0.035 0.029 0.023 0.015 0.012 0.006
50 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.094 0.085 0.076 0.068 0.059 0.051 0.042 0.034 0.025 0.017 0.008
60 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.097 0.085 0.073 0.061 0.049 0.037 0.024 0.012
70 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.086 0.069 0.052 0.034 0.017

80 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.096 0.072 0.048 0.024
90 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.100 0.066 0.033
100 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.36 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.130 0.090 0.045
110 1.27 1.20 1.14 1.07 1.00 0.93 0.86 0.80 0.73 0.67 0.60 0.54 0.48 0.42 0.36 0.30 0.24 0.180 0.120 0.061
120 1.69 1.60 1.51 1.42 1.33 1.24 1.15 1.06 0.97 0.89 0.80 0.72 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.40 0.32 0.24 0.160 0.081

130 2.22 2.10 1.98 1.86 1.74 1.62 1.51 1.39 1.28 1.17 1.05 0.95 0.84 0.74 0.63 0.53 0.42 0.32 0.210 0.100
140 2.89 2.73 2.57 2.42 2.26 2.11 1.96 1.81 1.66 1.52 1.37 1.23 1.10 0.96 0.82 0.69 0.55 0.41 0.270 0.140
150 3.72 3.51 3.31 3.11 2.91 2.72 2.52 2.33 2.14 1.95 1.76 1.59 1.41 1.24 1.06 0.88 0.71 0.53 0.350 0.180
160 4.74 4.48 4.22 3.97 3.71 3.46 3.22 2.97 2.73 2.49 2.25 2.02 1.80 1.58 1.35 1.12 0.90 0.67 0.450 0.220
170 5.99 5.66 5.34 5.02 4.70 4.38 4.07 3.75 3.45 3.15 2.84 2.56 2.28 1.99 1.71 1.42 1.13 1.85 0.570 0.300

180 7.51 7.10 6.69 6.30 5.89 5.49 5.10 4.71 4.33 3.94 3.57 3.21 2.85 2.50 2.14 1.77 1.42 1.06
190 9.34 8.83 8.32 7.82 7.32 6.83 6.34 5.86 5.38 4.91 4.44 3.99 3.55 3.10 2.65
200 11.53 10.90 10.27 9.65 9.04 8.43 7.83 7.23 6.64 6.06 5.48 4.93 4.38 3.81
210 14.12 13.35 12.58 11.82 11.07 10.32 9.59 8.86 8.13 7.42 6.71 6.04 5.34
220 17.19 16.25 15.32 14.39 13.48 12.57 11.67 10.78 9.90 9.03 8.17 7.31

230 20.78 19.64 18.51 17.40 16.29 15.19 14.11 13.03 11.97 10.91 9.87
240 24.97 23.60 22.25 20.91 19.58 18.26 16.95 15.66 14.38 13.12 11.86
250 29.83 28.20 26.58 25.00 23.39 21.82 20.25 18.71 17.18 15.67

From Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook , 4th Edition

Total Vapor Pressure of AQUA-CATTM Aqua Ammonia

(Pressure indicated in psia)

Weight % Concentration Of Am m onia In Aqua Am m onia

T e m p F 0.00 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.72 100.00
32 0.09 0.34 0.60 0.97 1.58 2.60 4.20 6.54 9.93 14.18 19.40 25.16 31.16 36.77 42.72 45.94 49.28 52.14 54.90 58.01 62.29
40 0.12 0.45 0.77 1.24 2.01 3.25 5.21 8.06 12.05 17.20 23.39 30.20 37.20 43.73 49.60 54.43 58.33 61.64 64.78 68.32 73.32
50 0.18 0.64 1.05 1.65 2.67 4.29 6.75 10.35 15.34 21.65 29.26 37.54 45.93 53.85 60.87 66.67 71.29 75.25 79.07 83.41 89.19
60 0.26 0.86 1.42 2.21 3.51 5.55 8.65 13.22 19.30 27.05 36.26 46.23 56.32 65.90 74.06 80.96 86.49 91.08 95.69 100.66 107.60
70 0.36 1.17 1.84 2.90 4.56 7.13 11.01 16.56 24.05 33.39 44.42 56.44 68.46 79.54 89.36 97.51 104.08 109.60 114.86 120.63 128.80

80 0.51 1.52 2.43 3.76 5.85 9.06 13.86 20.61 29.69 40.96 54.08 68.19 82.55 95.69 107.20 116.54 124.30 130.64 136.40 143.72 153.00
90 0.70 2.02 3.15 4.83 7.43 11.40 17.23 25.48 36.34 49.82 65.32 81.91 98.61 114.02 127.42 138.34 147.15 154.56 161.81 169.76 180.60

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

100 0.95 2.62 4.05 6.13 9.34 14.22 21.32 31.16 44.12 59.99 78.30 97.68 117.17 135.01 150.50 163.16 173.40 182.10 190.22 199.22 211.90
110 1.27 3.34 5.14 7.72 11.64 17.58 26.07 37.81 53.16 71.87 93.19 115.70 138.10 158.84 176.54 191.15 203.26 212.89 222.34 232.85 247.00
120 1.69 4.27 6.46 9.63 14.42 21.54 31.69 45.62 63.59 85.33 110.20 136.20 162.08 185.70 206.29 222.68 236.37 247.38 258.40 270.10 286.40

130 2.22 5.38 8.07 11.91 17.67 26.20 38.25 54.55 75.55 100.86 129.50 159.00 189.00 215.88 239.33 258.40 273.30 286.40 298.67 311.90 330.30
140 2.89 6.70 9.98 14.63 21.49 31.54 45.73 64.78 89.19 118.24 151.30 185.40 219.28 249.66 276.15 297.81 315.00 329.40 343.20 358.60 379.10
150 3.72 8.29 12.23 17.81 26.00 37.81 54.43 76.61 104.65 138.10 175.40 214.50 252.65 287.24 317.30 341.70 361.10 377.10 392.80 409.80 432.20
160 4.74 10.16 14.92 21.54 31.16 45.02 64.25 89.88 122.10 160.20 202.70 247.00 290.18 329.40 363.10 390.20 412.20 430.40 447.80 466.60 492.80
170 5.99 12.41 18.01 25.87 37.11 53.27 75.55 104.84 141.75 185.10 233.20 283.10 331.70 375.60 413.30 443.70 467.80 488.70 508.20 528.80 558.40

180 7.51 15.00 21.65 30.86 44.02 62.68 88.17 121.68 163.70 212.60 267.00 323.10 377.10 426.60 468.40 502.40 529.50 552.30
190 9.34 18.06 25.87 36.60 51.81 73.32 102.56 140.75 188.10 243.30 304.30 367.10 427.70 482.50 528.80
200 11.53 21.60 30.72 43.14 60.62 85.33 118.68 161.81 215.20 277.00 345.50 415.10 483.00 543.60
210 14.12 25.61 36.26 50.58 70.72 98.80 136.42 185.10 245.10 314.50 390.70 468.40 542.90
220 17.19 30.27 42.47 59.00 81.91 113.81 156.41 211.24 278.20 355.10 439.60 525.50

230 20.78 35.59 49.60 68.46 94.43 130.64 178.28 239.70 314.50 400.20 493.40
240 24.97 41.52 57.65 78.91 108.60 149.20 202.74 270.92 354.10 448.90 552.30
250 29.83 48.32 66.67 90.74 124.08 169.48 229.62 305.60 397.60 502.40

F ro m P erry's C hemic al E ngineering H andbo o k , 4 th E ditio n

15


16
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK


17
SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

AQUA-CATTM Aqua Ammonia Solution at 15.6C (60F)
Conversion Chart: Weight % NH3 to Specific Gravity to Degrees Baum

Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees
NH3 15.6C/60F Baum NH3 15.6C/60F Baum NH3 15.6C/60F Baum NH3 15.6C/60F Baum
16.0 0.9390 19.09 20.0 0.9258 21.22 24.0 0.9133 23.29 28.0 0.9013 25.33
16.1 0.9387 19.14 20.1 0.9255 21.27 24.1 0.9130 23.34 28.1 0.9010 25.38
16.2 0.9384 19.19 20.2 0.9252 21.32 24.2 0.9127 23.39 28.2 0.9007 25.43
16.3 0.9380 19.25 20.3 0.9249 21.37 24.3 0.9124 23.44 28.3 0.9004 25.49
16.4 0.9377 19.30 20.4 0.9246 21.42 24.4 0.9121 23.49 28.4 0.9001 25.54
16.5 0.9374 19.35 20.5 0.9242 21.48 24.5 0.9118 23.54 28.5 0.8998 25.59
16.6 0.9371 19.40 20.6 0.9239 21.53 24.6 0.9115 23.59 28.6 0.8995 25.64
16.7 0.9367 19.46 20.7 0.9236 21.58 24.7 0.9112 23.64 28.7 0.8992 25.69
16.8 0.9364 19.51 20.8 0.9233 21.63 24.8 0.9109 23.69 28.8 0.8989 25.75
16.9 0.9361 19.56 20.9 0.9230 21.68 24.9 0.9106 23.74 28.9 0.8986 25.80
17.0 0.9357 19.62 21.0 0.9227 21.73 25.0 0.9103 23.80 29.0 0.8983 25.85
17.1 0.9354 19.67 21.1 0.9223 21.79 25.1 0.9100 23.85 29.1 0.8980 25.90
17.2 0.9351 19.72 21.2 0.9220 21.84 25.2 0.9097 23.90 29.2 0.8977 25.95
17.3 0.9348 19.76 21.3 0.9217 21.89 25.3 0.9094 23.95 29.3 0.8974 26.01
17.4 0.9344 19.83 21.4 0.9214 21.94 25.4 0.9091 24.00 29.4 0.8972 26.04
17.5 0.9341 19.88 21.5 0.9211 21.99 25.5 0.9088 24.05 29.5 0.8969 26.09
17.6 0.9338 19.93 21.6 0.9208 22.04 25.6 0.9085 24.10 29.6 0.8966 26.15
17.7 0.9335 19.97 21.7 0.9205 22.09 25.7 0.9082 24.15 29.7 0.8963 26.20
17.8 0.9331 20.04 21.8 0.9202 22.14 25.8 0.9079 24.20 29.8 0.8960 26.25
17.9 0.9328 20.09 21.9 0.9198 22.21 25.9 0.9076 24.25 29.9 0.8957 26.30
18.0 0.9325 20.13 22.0 0.9195 22.26 26.0 0.9073 24.30 30.0 0.8954 26.35
18.1 0.9322 20.18 22.1 0.9192 22.31 26.1 0.9070 24.36 30.1 0.8951 26.41
18.2 0.9318 20.25 22.2 0.9189 22.36 26.2 0.9067 24.41 30.2 0.8948 26.46
18.3 0.9315 20.30 22.3 0.9186 22.41 26.3 0.9064 24.46 30.3 0.8945 26.51
18.4 0.9312 20.34 22.4 0.9183 22.46 26.4 0.9061 24.51 30.4 0.8942 26.56
18.5 0.9309 20.39 22.5 0.9180 22.51 26.5 0.9058 24.56 30.5 0.8939 26.62
18.6 0.9305 20.46 22.6 0.9177 22.56 26.6 0.9055 24.61 30.6 0.8937 26.65
18.7 0.9300 20.54 22.7 0.9173 22.62 26.7 0.9052 24.66 30.7 0.8934 26.70
18.8 0.9297 20.59 22.8 0.9170 22.67 26.8 0.9049 24.71 30.8 0.8931 26.76
18.9 0.9293 20.65 22.9 0.9167 22.72 26.9 0.9046 24.76 30.9 0.8928 26.81
19.0 0.9290 20.70 23.0 0.9164 22.77 27.0 0.9043 24.82 31.0 0.8925 26.86
19.1 0.9287 20.75 23.1 0.9161 22.82 27.1 0.9040 24.87 31.1 0.8922 26.92
19.2 0.9284 20.80 23.2 0.9158 22.87 27.2 0.9037 24.92 31.2 0.8919 26.97
19.3 0.9281 20.85 23.3 0.9155 22.92 27.3 0.9034 24.97 31.3 0.8916 27.02
19.4 0.9277 20.91 23.4 0.9152 22.97 27.4 0.9031 25.02 31.4 0.8913 27.07
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

19.5 0.9274 20.96 23.5 0.9149 23.02 27.5 0.9028 25.07 31.5 0.8910 27.13
19.6 0.9271 21.01 23.6 0.9146 23.07 27.6 0.9025 25.12 31.6 0.8908 27.16
19.7 0.9268 21.06 23.7 0.9143 23.12 27.7 0.9022 25.18 31.7 0.8905 27.22
19.8 0.9265 21.11 23.8 0.9140 23.17 27.8 0.9019 25.23 31.8 0.8902 27.27
19.9 0.9261 21.17 23.9 0.9136 23.24 27.9 0.9016 25.28 31.9 0.8899 27.32

*Refer to procedure in the back of this handbook for testing.
*A Hydrometer does not have the required accuracy and shall not be used when reporting assay.

18
 Ammonia Solutions: Specific Gravity at Temperature, T, Corrected to 60F

SG@T 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95

Temp F SG@60 SG@60 SG@60 SG@60 SG@60 SG@60 SG@60 SG@60
45 0.87025 0.88100 0.89100 0.90250 0.91400 0.92400 0.93505 0.94625
46 0.87090 0.88160 0.89160 0.90300 0.91440 0.92440 0.93538 0.94650
47 0.87155 0.88220 0.89220 0.90350 0.91480 0.92480 0.93571 0.94675
48 0.87220 0.88280 0.89280 0.90400 0.91520 0.92520 0.93604 0.94700
49 0.87285 0.88340 0.89340 0.90450 0.91560 0.92560 0.93637 0.94725
50 0.87350 0.88400 0.89400 0.90500 0.91600 0.92600 0.93670 0.94750
51 0.87415 0.88460 0.89460 0.90550 0.91460 0.92640 0.93703 0.94775
52 0.87480 0.88520 0.89520 0.90600 0.91680 0.92680 0.93736 0.94800
53 0.87545 0.88580 0.89580 0.90650 0.91720 0.92720 0.93769 0.94825
54 0.87610 0.88640 0.89640 0.90700 0.91760 0.92760 0.93802 0.94850
55 0.87675 0.88700 0.89700 0.90750 0.91800 0.92800 0.93835 0.94875
56 0.87740 0.88760 0.89760 0.90800 0.91840 0.92840 0.93868 0.94900
57 0.87805 0.88820 0.89820 0.90850 0.91880 0.92880 0.93901 0.94925
58 0.87870 0.88880 0.89880 0.90900 0.91920 0.92920 0.93934 0.94950
59 0.87935 0.88940 0.89940 0.90950 0.91960 0.92960 0.93967 0.94975
60 0.88000 0.89000 0.90000 0.91000 0.92000 0.93000 0.94000 0.95000
61 0.88065 0.89060 0.90060 0.91050 0.92040 0.93040 0.94033 0.95025
62 0.88130 0.89120 0.90120 0.91100 0.92080 0.93080 0.94066 0.95050
63 0.88195 0.89180 0.90180 0.91150 0.92120 0.93120 0.94099 0.95075
64 0.88260 0.89240 0.90240 0.91200 0.92160 0.93160 0.94132 0.95100
65 0.88325 0.89300 0.90300 0.91250 0.92200 0.93200 0.94165 0.95125
66 0.88390 0.89360 0.90360 0.91300 0.92240 0.93240 0.94198 0.95150

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

67 0.88455 0.89420 0.90420 0.91350 0.92280 0.93280 0.94231 0.95175
68 0.88520 0.89480 0.90480 0.91400 0.92320 0.93320 0.94264 0.95200
69 0.88585 0.89540 0.90540 0.91450 0.92360 0.93360 0.94297 0.95225
70 0.88650 0.89600 0.90600 0.91500 0.92400 0.93400 0.94330 0.95250
71 0.88715 0.89660 0.90660 0.91550 0.92440 0.93440 0.94363 0.95275
72 0.88780 0.89720 0.90720 0.91600 0.92480 0.93480 0.94396 0.95300
73 0.88845 0.89780 0.90780 0.91650 0.92520 0.93520 0.94429 0.95325
74 0.88910 0.89840 0.90840 0.91700 0.92560 0.93560 0.94462 0.95350
75 0.88975 0.89900 0.90900 0.91750 0.92600 0.93600 0.94495 0.95375

19
 NH3,aq, NH4+ Speciation vs. pH for 19% Aqua Ammonia at 25oC
NH3,aq + H2O = NH4 + OH- (Equilibrium Constant = K b; pKb=4.75)
+

25.00
Ammonium ion, NH4+
Aqueous NH3

20.00

15.00
Weight %

10.00

5.00

0.00
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

pH

Southern Ionics Incorporated, 2/13/2008

20
While aqua ammonia solutions themselves are not flammable, under certain conditions,
the vapor from aqua ammonia solutions can form combustible or explosive mixtures when
mixed with air. Combustible Air-Ammonia mixtures compressed to 10 psig, a typical
operating pressure for 29% aqua ammonia storage tank, are presented the following graph.

AMMONIA VAPOR FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM AMMONIA VAPOR FLAMMABILITY

Limiting Oxygen
Concentration Line

Air-Ammonia Mixture Line

Ammonia Upper Flammability

Limit in Pure Oxygen

Am
en
yg

m
on
Ox

ia
Limiting Ammonia Air-Ammonia
Concentration Line Combustible
Mixture Zone

Nitrogen

There are several features depicted on the graph that are noteworthy:
There are several features depicted on the graph that are noteworthy:
1. Air-Ammonia Mixture Line,
1. Air-Ammonia Mixture Line,
2. Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line, and
2. Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line, and
3. Limiting
3. Limiting Ammonia
Ammonia Concentration
Concentration Line.
Line.

The Air-Ammonia Mixture Line presents

presents all
all possible
possible concentrations
concentrationsof
of ammonia,
ammonia, oxygen,
oxygen, and nitrogen

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

and nitrogen
resulting fromresulting fromofthe
the mixing mixingvapor
ammonia of ammonia vapor with air.
with air.

The Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line and the Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line
The Limiting Oxygen Concentration Line and the Limiting Ammonia Concentration Line intersect with
intersect with the Air-Ammonia Mixture Line at two unique points:
the Air-Ammonia Mixture Line at two unique points:
1. thethe
1. Lower
Lower Explosive
Explosive Limit(LEL)
Limit (LEL)atat15%by
15%byvolume
volumeNH
NHin in Air,
Air, and
and
2. thethe
2. Upper
Upper Explosive
Explosive Limit
Limit (UEL)
(UEL) at at
28%28%
byby volume
volume NH
NH in Air.
in Air.

Experimentally, it has been determined that if the oxygen content of the air is diluted
with nitrogen, so that the resulting Ammonia-Oxygen-Nitrogen mixture is reduced to

14.5% oxygen, the mixture cannot be ignited. The Limiting Oxygen Concentration value
of 14.5% presents a control point from which one of the NFPA 69 standard explosion
prevention methods can be implemented. Refer to Deflagration Prevention by Oxidant
Concentration Reduction in the referenced standard. Two alternatives are presented
depending on how oxygen concentration is measured. The alternatives are continuous and
non-continuous oxygen monitoring.
21
 ASSAY OF AQUA-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS

NH3 content may be by one of two methods, either by a specific gravity vs. concentration
table or by a volumetric titration.
The specific gravity vs. concentration table requires a density meter with a readability
of at least 0.0001 units. Since the concentration of aqua-ammonia can change several
tenths percent with respect to the fourth decimal place a hydrometer does not have the
required accuracy and shall not be used when reporting assay, however, a hydrometer
may be used as a rough check.
In the titration, a sample is weighed directly into an excess of standardized ~1N HCl
solution, the un-reacted HCl is then backtitrated with standardized ~1N NaOH solution
to a Methyl Red endpoint.
Before undertaking any analytical procedure, personnel should first read and understand
the MSDS for the chemicals involved. When working with Aqua Ammonia, the use of a
hood should be employed.

PROCEDURES:
1.0 Determination of Assay via Specific Gravity
1.1. Collect a sample of aqua-ammonia into a narrow-mouthed bottle and cap
immediately; let equilibrate to room temperature (<75F).
1.2. Open the bottle and insert a disposable 3-ml syringe below the surface.
1.3. Quickly draw 2.5 ml (0.5) of sample into the syringe and recap the bottle.
1.4. Insert the syringe into the injection port of a density meter that has a readability
of at least 0.0001 units.
1.5. Flush at least 1.5 ml (0.1) of sample through the measurement loop before
stopping the syringe plunger.
1.6. Measure the specific gravity at 15.6C and record to the nearest 0.0001 units.
1.7. Using the Specific Gravity vs. %NH3 of Aqua-Ammonia at 15.6C (60F)
table, determine the %NH3 concentration.
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

2.0 Alternate Method Determination of Assay via Titration

2.1. Using a volumetric pipet, transfer 50 ml of standardized ~1.0N HCl into a
clean 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2.2. Tare the flask on an analytical balance capable of weighing at least 200 g.
2.3. Add 2 ml (0.2) of sample and record the weight to the nearest 0.01 mg.
2.4. Add 25 ml (5) DI water and a stirring bar.
2.5. Add 4-5 drops of ~0.1% Methyl Red Indicator. The sample should turn a
pinkish red color, if not use a smaller sample weight.
2.6. Titrate with standardized ~1.0N NaOH to a yellow endpoint.
2.7. Calculate the assay using the following formula:
%NH3 = [(mls HCl)(N of HCl) (mls NaOH)(N of NaOH)]x1.70
Sample Weight

22
REAGENTS:
Reagents for the assay of Aqua-Ammonia solutions are to be manufactured with A.C.S.
grade chemicals only.
1.0 Preparation
1.1. ~0.1% Methyl Red Indicator
1.1.1. Weigh 0.1 g (0.005) of Methyl Red Powder into a tared 250-ml beaker.
1.1.2. Add 100 ml (5) of ~95% Ethanol and mix until dissolved.
1.1.3. Transfer to a storage bottle.
1.2. 1.2 ~95% Ethanol
1.2.1. Purchased as a certified solution with a COA and used directly from the
suppliers bottle.
1.3. 1N HCl
1.3.1. Purchased as a certified solution with a COA and used directly from the
suppliers bottle.
1.4. 1N NaOH
1.4.1. Purchased as a certified solution with a COA and used directly from the
suppliers bottle.

REAGENT STANDARDIZATION:
1.0 1N NaOH
1.1. Dry ~9 g acidimetric standard grade Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate at
120C (5) for at least 2 hours. Let cool in a dessicator.
1.2. Tare a clean, dry 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Weigh 4.0 g (0.2) of the dried
Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate into the flask and record the weight to the nearest
0.1mg.
1.3. Add 100 ml (5) DI water and 2-3 drops of ~1% w/v Phenolphthalein and
mix to dissolve the standard.
1.4. Titrate with 1N NaOH to the first permanent faint pink endpoint.
1.5. Calculate the normality of the NaOH using the following formula:
N NaOH = g Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate
(0.20423)(ml NaOH from step 3.1.4)
1.6 Run the test in duplicate and average the results.

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

2.0 1N HCl
2.1. Using a buret or volumetric pipet, transfer 10 ml of standardized 1N NaOH
solution into a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2.2. Add 100 ml (5) DI water and 2-3 drops of ~1% w/v Phenolphthalein indicator.
2.3. Titrate with the 1N HCl to a colorless endpoint.
2.4. Calculate the normality of the HCl using the following equation:
N HCl = (10 x N NaOH)
ml HCl

2.5 Run the test in duplicate and average the results.

23
 AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA PRODUCT BULLETIN

CAS NUMBER: 1336-21-6

CHEMICAL FORMULA: Aqueous solution of ammonia. (NH3 in water)

DESCRIPTION: Clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor.

NSF CERTIFICATION: Aqua ammonia manufactured at Lake Charles, LA is NSF-60

certified. Maximum use in potable water is 10 mg/l.

CHEMICAL AND
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES: Percent by weight on product basis unless indicated otherwise.

19% 25% **29%

*NH3 in water, wt% 18%-20% 24%-26% 28%-30%
Specific Gravity @ 25C 0.926 0.906 0.892
Heavy Metals, as Pb, ppm 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.5 max
Iron, as Fe, ppm 0.2 max 0.2 max 0.2 max
Chloride, as Cl, ppm 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.5 max
Sodium, as Na, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max
Phosphate, as PO4, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max
Total Sulfur, as SO4, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max
Carbon Dioxide, as CO2, wt% 0.002 max 0.002 max 0.002 max
Residue after Ignition, wt% 0.002 max 0.002 max 0.002 max

*Normal Certificate of Analysis Properties

** AQUA-CAT 29% meets or exceeds all requirements for Reagent Grade
Aqueous Ammonia and the Commercial Item Description for Ammonium
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

Hydroxide Technical Grade (A-A-59370).

PACKAGING: 6500+ gallon stainless-steel tank trucks and lined railcars.

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HANDLING &
STORAGE: Materials of Construction:
Storage tanks 304/316/347 Stainless Steel
Pumps 304/316/347 Stainless Steel
Piping 304/316/347 Stainless Steel

Storage Temperature: Keep storage containers cool and out of direct

sunlight, if possible; freeze protection is not an issue. Avoid heating
and storing in confined spaces. Avoid contact with copper bearing
alloy equipment. Avoid storing in close proximity to strong acids and
oxidizers. Provide for scrubber controlled venting of bulk storage tanks.

SAFETY: Should be handled in open or well ventilated areas. Eye and skin contact
is prevented through the use of safety glasses, goggles, face shield,
protective clothing, and gloves. Contact with aqua ammonia solution
should be removed with copious amounts of water. Avoid inhalation of
vapors. Do not use this product until the MSDS has been read,
understood, and required safety precautions are followed.

SHIPPING
POINTS: Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Lake Charles, Louisiana;
and Pasadena, Texas

DOT
MARKINGS: Ammonia Solution or Ammonium Hydroxide, with more than 10% but

SOUTHERN I ONI CS: AMM ONI A HANDBOOK

not more than 35% as ammonia, 8, UN2672, PG III, RQ (Aqua
Ammonia, 1000 lbs/454 kg), Placarded Corrosive

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 VENDOR INFORMATION

CORPORATE ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERS:

Southern Ionics Incorporated

201 Commerce Street
P.O. Drawer 1217
West Point, MS 39773
Telephone (662) 494-3055
Facsimile (662) 495-2590

CUSTOMER SERVICE AND PLACING ORDERS:

Telephone (800) 953-3585
Facsimile (800) 953-3588
E-mail si_custserv@southernionics.com

EMERGENCY AFTER HOURS OPERATOR: 888-610-2379

E-MAIL: info@southernionics.com

WEBSITE: www.southernionics.com

REMITTANCE ADDRESS:
Southern Ionics Incorporated
PO Box 934557
Atlanta, GA 31193-4557
SOUTH ERN I ON ICS: AMM ONIA HANDBOOK

PAYMENT TERMS: Net 30 days

FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 63-0800759

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