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Rhoeo syathacea and Allamanda cathartic extract

as a Natural Indicator in Acidometry-Alkalimetry

Article January 2014

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Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2014; Vol. 4: Issue 2, Pg 82-84 [AJPAna.]

ISSN- 22315667 (Print) www.asianpharmaonline.org

ISSN- 22315675 (Online)

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Rhoeo syathacea and Allamanda cathartic extract as a Natural Indicator in
Acidometry-Alkalimetry
Nayana Pimpodkar1, Sanobar Shikalgar2, Namdeo Shinde3, Savita Bhise3, Bhagyashree Surve3
1
Principal, College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm) Degaon, Satara (Maharashtra) India- 415 004.
2
Satara College of Pharmacy, Degaon, Satara, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (MH) India- 415 004.
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, Satara College of Pharmacy, Degaon, Satara, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (MH)
India- 415 004.
*Corresponding Author E-mail:

ABSTRACT:
A new acid-base indicator which is natural and inexpensive is proposed. It is capable of distinguishing between the
acids and bases. The extract obtained from leaves of Rhoeo syathacea and flowers of Allamanda cathartic are pH
sensitive and give different colors in acidic and basic condition. The present work highlights the use of Rhoeo
syathacea, Allamanda cathartic plant species extract as an acid base indicator in different type of acid base titration.
The equivalence point obtained by plant species extract matched with equivalence point obtained by standard
indicators. Many more indicators are use in titration to detect the end point of detection, but such chemical indicators
are found to be very expensive and mostly they are unavailable. Therefore, we tried to prepare indicator from natural
source like plant leaves, flowers. As these plants are very common and easily available as well as indicator obtained
from them are found to be economic. Since our main intention is to prepare an indicators which are easily available
and economical one.

KEYWORDS: Rhoeo syathacea, Allamanda cathartic, acid-base indicator, natural indicator, acid base titration.

INTRODUCTION: Table 1: Colour changes and pH range for indicators

Titrations are the basic chemistry laboratory technique for
the quantitative analysis of substances with unknown
concentrations using standard solutions of known
concentration. Substances that change colour when the
acidity of the solution changes are known as acid-base
indicators. Indicator is a chemical substance used to
measure acidity and alkalinity of a substance. They indicate
pH of substance by changing colour. These are common
acid base indicators which include bromothymol blue,
methyl red, methyl orange, phenolphthalein, and mixed
indicators. Indicators are used in the low concentration in
detection of end point of titration. The visible change of the
indicator is usually a colour change, in some cases it is a
formation or disappearance of turbidity.
Received on 29.05.2014 Accepted on 20.06.2014
Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved
Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 4(2): April-June 2014; Page 82-84
Indicator Color Range pH Range
Thymolphthalein Blue to Colorless 10.69.4
Phenolphthalein Pink to Colorless 10.08.2
Phenol Red Red to Yellow 8.06.6
Bromothymol Blue Blue to Yellow 7.56.0
Many plants or plant parts contain chemicals from the
naturally coloured anthocynin family of compounds. They
are red in acidic solution and blue in basic. Anthocynin can
be extracted with water or other solvents from plant parts
including leaves, flowers, berries and stems. The indicator
solutions are prepared by chopping up the respective plant
parts into small pieces, preferably by running them through
a blender. Many more synthetic indicators are use in
titration to detect the end point of detection, but such
chemical indicators are found to be very expensive and
mostly they are unavailable. Therefore, we tried to prepare
indicator from natural source like plats parts- leaves, seeds,
flowers. As these plants are very common and easily
available as well as indicator obtained from them are found
to be economic. In addition, the results obtained are same
compared to standard indicators.

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Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2014; Vol. 4: Issue 2, Pg 82-84 [AJPAna.]

Rhoeo syathacea leaves Chemicals:

Rhoeo syathacea is also called as Oyster plant belonging to Conc. HCl, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, acetic acid,
family Commelinaceae. Perennial herb with short, stout phenolphthalein, mixed indicator, methyl red indicator,
stem nearly hidden by overlapping leaf bases. Forms ammonium hydroxide. All analytical grade reagents were
clumps by offshoots from fleshy rootstock. Leaves are made available by College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm),
spreading-erect, closely overlapping in spiral pattern. Degaon, Satara.
Blades broadly linear, sharp-tipped, waxy, stiff, somewhat
fleshy, 15-30 cm long and 2.5-8 cm wide; upper surfaces Glasswares: pH paper, conical flask, burettes, pipettes,
dark green or green with pale yellow stripes; lower surfaces test tubes etc.
usually purple. Flowers small, white, clustered within a
folded (boat-shaped) bract (spathe) 3-4 cm long, short-
stalked from leaf axils. Three petals, 6 stamens with hairy
stalks; fruit a 2 seeded capsule, in clusters within the bract3.
It contains eleutherine and flavonoids as colour bearing
compounds.

Allamanda cathartic flowers

Allamanda, also known as Yellow Bell, Golden Trumpet or
Buttercup Flower, is a genus of tropical shrubs or vines
belonging to the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). The genus
Allamanda is native to South and Central America which is Figure 2: General procedure
woody evergreen shrub with vigorous growth, Allamanda
may reach a free standing height of 2 meters or more. The Table 1: Screening of Rhoeo syathacea leaves and Allamanda
flowers are available in white, purple and pink or orange in cathartic flowers
colour. Their scent may be described as delicate and fruity. Titrant Titrand Indicator colour change (pH range)
It contains alkaloid, flavonoids, Saponins and Standard Leaves Flower
extract extract
carbohydrates. Leaves, roots, flowers can be used as
HCl NaOH Green to Pink to Pink to
antibacterial, anticancer and in treatment of malaria and Pink (4-6) Green Green
3
jaundice. It is also powerful cathartic . (4.5-7) (4.5-6)
HCl NH3 Pink to Green to Green to
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Colorless Violet Violet
(6.6-8) (3-5) (3-5)
Plant materials: CH3COOH NaOH Green to Pink to Pink to
The fresh flower species were collected and authenticated Pink Green Green
from department of Botany, YC Institute of Science Satara. (4.5-6) (4.2-5.5) (4.2-6)
Collected flowers of Allamanda cathartic and leaves of CH3COOH NH3 Pink to Green to Green to
Rhoeo syathacea cleaned with water. These parts are Colorless Violet Violet
(4-6) (4.6-6) (4.6-6.2)
macerated for 4 h with 100 ml of solution containing two
parts of ethanol and eight part of water. Filtrate obtained is
collected and used as natural indicator.

Rhoeo syathacea leaves Allamanda cathartic flowers

Figure 1: Rhoeo syathacea leaves and Allamanda cathartic flowers

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Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2014; Vol. 4: Issue 2, Pg 82-84 [AJPAna.]

Table 2: Experimental screening of Rhoeo syathacea leaves and Allamanda cathartic flowers
Titration Strength Indicator Rhoeo syathacea Allamanda cathartic
Mean SD (n=3) Mean SD (n=3)
0.1 Methyl red 05.10.2 09.500.26
Leaves extract 04.70.05 09.430.20
HCl 0.5 Methyl red 05.20.2 16.230.20
Vs Leaves extract 05.20.1 16.460.11
NaOH 1 Methyl red 08.70.20 08.200.20
Leaves extract 09.40.10 08.730.05
5 Methyl red 09.50.20 09.500.26
Leaves extract 09.30.20 10.330.11
0.1 Phenolphthalein 04.10.10 22.030.96
Leaves extract 05.30.20 22.300.13
HCl 0.5 Phenolphthalein 05.10.10 23.900.85
Vs Leaves extract 05.80.11 23.230.96
NH4OH 1 Phenolphthalein 05.10.10 23.430.89
Leaves extract 05.70.36 23.160.25
5 Phenolphthalein 06.30.35 25.630.55
Leaves extract 06.00.20 25.830.20
0.1 Methyl red 11.160.15 12.600.52
Leaves extract 11.330.15 12.200.20
CH3COOH Vs 0.5 Methyl red 11.230.40 13.030.15
NaOH Leaves extract 11.260.25 13.330.23
1 Methyl red 12.230.25 13.500.43
Leaves extract 12.560.46 13.060.15
5 Methyl red 12.030.05 15.500.21
Leaves extract 11.900.05 15.830.15
0.1 Methyl red 03.500.30 21.260.23
Leaves extract 03.560.11 21.960.55
0.5 Methyl red 03.330.20 25.460.45
CH3COOH Vs Leaves extract 03.260.05 25.760.20
NH4OH 1 Methyl red 03.100.17 22.530.47
Leaves extract 03.360.25 22.030.15
5 Methyl red 03.260.11 21.660.50
Leaves extract 03.460.32 21.030.15

RESULT AND DISCUSSION: REFERENCES:

The plants part extract was screened for its use as acid base
indicator and results of this screening were compared with
the results obtained by standard indicators methyl red,
Phenolphthalein and mixed indicator (methyl orange:
bromocresol green [0.1: 0.2]). For all titrations, the
equivalence point obtained by natural indicator matched
with the equivalence points obtained by standard indicators.
CONCLUSION:
The Rhoeo syathacea leaves and Allamanda cathartica
flower extract can serve the purpose of indicator in weak
acid and weak base titration, where generally mixed
indicators are employed. The results obtained in all type of
acid base titrations lead us concludes that it was due to the
presence of flavonoids sharp colour changes, which occurs
at end point of the titrations. Lastly we can say that it is
always beneficial to use Rhoeo syathacea leaves and
Allamanda cathartica flower extract as an indicator in all
type of acid base titrations because of its economical,
simple and wide availability.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The authors expresses their sense of gratitude towards
Management of College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm), Degaon,
Satara for providing all obligatory facilities necessary to
carry out present research work.
84
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