HIGH VOLTAGE d.c.

TRANSMISSION 117

(ii) To allow a small margin for an immediate small power increase, if it is dictated by the
rectifier grid control regulator.
It is concluded that smaller the firing angle, the smaller will be the V Ar requirements
of the rectifier as then sin is smaller.
Similar to rectifier operation, the p.f. angle increases with increase in angle in case
of inverter. Therefore, for = 0, the V Ar demand of the inverter will be minimum and for > 0
the current leads the voltage and the inverter consumes lagging Vars.

a b c

(a)

1 3 Id a = 0

1 3 a = 30

a f (b)
= 30

Fig. 5.13 Rectifier operation (=) Voltage waveform (>) Current waveform.

5.7 CONSTANT IGNITION ANGLE CONTROL

Refer to Fig. 5.12. The voltage Vdi from the rectifier circuit is given as
Vdi = Vor cos Id(Rcr + RL) (5.15)
and from the inverter circuit, it is given as
Vdi = Voi cos + IdRci (5.16)
These equations have been plotted on the
operation diagram of Fig. 5.14. In order that current
Id flows, the open circuit voltage of the rectifier must Vor cos a
be higher than the open circuit back voltage of the Vdi
inverter. The point of intersection (Id, Vdi) of these
characteristics gives the operating point. The inverter Voi cos b
operation under such condition (constant ) is not
satisfactory for the following reasons:
(a) The extinction angle may be larger than re-
Id Id
quired, involving unnecessary V Ar demand.
Fig. 5.14 Operation diagram.