Foa

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Foa
????
Foca Panorama.JPG
Foca Sveta Sava IMG 0701.JPG ???????????? ??????? ????????, ???? 023.JPG
Coat of arms of Foa
Coat of arms
Location of Foa within Republika Srpska
Location of Foa within Republika Srpska
Coordinates: 4330'N 1847'E
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Republika Srpska
Government
Mayor Radislav Mai (SDS)
Area
Urban 1,134,58 km2 (43,806 sq mi)
Population (2013 census)
City 12,334
Density 17,5/km2 (450/sq mi)
Urban 19,811
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Area code(s) 58
Website www.opstinafoca.rs.ba
Foa (Serbian Cyrillic: ????, pronounced [ft??a]) is a town and a municipality in
Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, in the Republika Srpska entity.

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Early history
1.2 World War II
1.3 Bosnian War and after
2 Population
2.1 1971
2.2 1991
2.3 2013
3 Settlements
4 Features
5 Twin towns - sister cities
6 Notable people
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]

The old clock tower of Foa

Early history[edit]
The town was known as Hota during medieval times. It was then known as a trading
centre on route between Ragusa (now Dubrovnik) and Constantinople (now Istanbul,
Turkey). With Gornje Podrinje Foa was part of the old Serbian State up to 1376,
when it was attached to the Bosnian State under the reign of King Tvrtko. After
Tvrtko's death the town was ruled by the Hum Dukes among whom the best known was
Herzog Stjepan. Foa was the seat of the Ottoman Sanjak of Herzegovina established
in 1470, until 1572, when it was moved to Pljevlja.

World War II[edit]

In 1941, the Ustae killed the leading Serbs in Foa.[1] Between December 1941 and
January 1942 over two thousand Bosnian Muslims were killed in Foa by the Chetniks.
[2] Additional Chetnik massacres in Foa took place in August 1942.[2]

On 13 February 1943, Pavle urii reported to Draa Mihailovi the actions

undertaken by the Chetniks in the Foa, Pljevlja, and ajnie districts: "All
Muslim villages in the three mentioned districts were totally burned so that not a
single home remained in one piece. All property was destroyed except cattle, corn,
and senna."[3]

Furthermore, "During the operation the total destruction of the Muslim inhabitants
was carried out regardless of sex and age."[3] In the operation Chetnik losses
"were 22 dead, of which 2 through accidents, and 32 wounded. Among the Muslims,
around 1,200 fighters and up to 8,000 other victims: women, old people, and
children."[3] urii said what remained of the Muslim population fled and that
actions were taken to prevent their return.[3] The municipality is also the site of
the legendary Battle of Sutjeska between the Tito's Yugoslav Partisans and the
German army. A monument to the Partisans killed in the battle was erected in the
village of Tjentite.

Bosnian War and after[edit]

Main article: Foa massacres

Mehmed Pasha Kukavica Mosque was blown up on 28 May 1992. During the war, all of
the mosques of Foa were destroyed.
In 1992, the city came under the control of Serbian paramilitaries. Most of the
Bosniaks were expelled from the area.[4] Foa was also the site of a rape camp in
the Partizan hall which was set up by the Republika Srpska authorities in which
hundreds of Bosniak women were raped.[5]

Once the Serb forces cleared Eastern Bosnia of much of its Bosniak civilian
population, the towns and villages were securely in their hands. All of the Serb
forces (i.e. the military, police, paramilitaries and sometimes, villagers too)
applied the same pattern: houses and apartments of the expelled population were
systematically ransacked or burnt down; remaining members of the Bosniak civilian
population were rounded up or captured, and sometimes beaten or killed in the
process.[6] 13 mosques including the Alada Mosque were destroyed and the 22,500
Muslims who made up the majority of inhabitants fled.[7] Only about 10 Muslims
remained at the end of the conflict.[6] The Tribunal Judges determined beyond a
reasonable doubt that the purpose of the Serb campaign in Foa was, among others,
"to cleanse the Foa area of Muslims" and concluded that "to that end the campaign
was successful.[6]

Men and women were separated, with many of the men detained in the camps. The women
were kept in various detention centres where they had to live in intolerably
unhygienic conditions, and where they were mistreated in many ways including being
raped repeatedly. Serb soldiers or policemen would come to these detention centres,
select one or more women, take them out and rape them.[8] Years later at the ICTY,
the former Bosnian Serb leader and Republika Srpska president Biljana Plavi
confirmed under a plea bargain the occurrence of these mass rapes in Foa during
the war.[9] In the judgement of Serb soldier Novislav aji the Bavarian Appeals
Chamber found that acts of genocide were committed in June 1992 within the
administrative district of Foa.[10]

In 1995 the Dayton Agreement created a territorial corridor linking the once-
besieged Bosnian city of Gorade to the Muslim-Croat Federation; as a consequence,
the northern part of Foa was separated to create the city of Foa-Ustikolina.

The city was renamed Srbinje , "place of the Serbs" (from Srbi Serbs and -nje which
is a Slavic locative suffix). In 2004, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and
Herzegovina declared the name change unconstitutional, and reverted it to Foa,
until the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina passes an appropriate law.

In October 2004 members of the Association of Women Victims of War (Udruzenje ene-
rtve Rata) attempted to lay a plaque in front of the Partizan sports hall to
commemorate the terrible crimes that occurred there. Hundreds of Bosnian Serb
protestors prevented them from doing so.[4][6]

Since the war around 4,000 Muslims have returned to their homes and several mosques
have been re-built.[7] This has taken place largely due to the administration of
Zdravko Krsmanovi, who was mayor from 2004 to 2012 and took a pointed stance of
opposition to much of the Serbian nationalist establishment within the Republika
Srpska.[11][12] In the 2012 elections, however, Krsmanovi was defeated and a new
mayor, Radisava Mai, was elected with support of the nationalist parties SDS and
SNSD.

Population[edit]
1971[edit]
48,741 total

Bosniaks - 25,766 (52,86%)

Serbs - 21,458 (44,02%)
Croats - 218 (0,44%)
Yugoslavs - 102 (0,20%)
Others - 1,197 (2,48%)
1991[edit]
According to the 1991 census Foa municipality had a total population of 40,513.
The ethnic distribution was:

Bosniaks 20,898 (51.58%)

Serbs 18,339 (45.27%)
Yugoslavs 448 (1.11%)
Croats 104 (0.26%)
others 73
The town of Foa itself had a total population of 16,628, including:

Serbs 8,713 (52.39%)

Bosniaks 7,029 (42.27%)
others 886 (5.34%)
Religions in Foca
Religion Percent
Bosnian Muslims
?
06.94%
Bosnian Croats
?
00.30%
Bosnian Serbs
?
91.52%
Bosnian Others
?
00.96%
2013[edit]
18,288 total

Bosniaks - 1270 (06,94%)

Croats - 55 (0,30%)
Serbs - 16,739 (91,52%)
Others - 176 (0.96%)
Page text.[13]

Settlements[edit]
Anelije Bastasi Bavii Beleni Belii Biokovo Birotii Bogavii
Borje Borovinii Brajii Brajkovii, Foa Brod Brusna Budanj
Bujakovina Bunii Bunovi Cerova Ravan Crnetii Cvilin elebii
elikovo Polje urevo Daniii Derolovi Donje ee Drae Dragoava
Dragojevii eevo Falii Filipovii Foa Gluca Godijeno Gostiaj
Govza Gradac Grandii Grdijevii Hum Huseinovii Igoe Izbino
Jasenovo Jemita Jele Joanica Kolakovii Kolun Kosman Kozarevina
Kozja Luka Kratine Krna Jela Kruevo Kunduci Kunovo Kuta Lokve
Ljubina Marevo Mazlina Mazoe Metrevac Miljevina Mirjanovii Mjeaji
Mravljaa Njuhe Orahovo Papratno Patkovina Paunci Petojevii
Podgrae Poljice Popov Most Potpee Previla Prevra Prijeel Prisoje
Purii Raii Radojevii Rijeka Rodijelj Slatina Slaviii
Stojkovii Sorlaci Susjeno kobalji tovi uljci Teii Tjentite
Toevac Toholji Trbue Trtoevo Tvrdaci Ustikolina Velenii Viko
Vitine Vojnovii Vranjevii Vrbnica Vuevo Vukuii Zabor Zakmur
Zavait Zebina uma Zubovii eljevo

Features[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
(December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Foa is the capital of the municipality of Foa and of the Foa Region. It houses
some faculties (including the Medical and Orthodox Theological Faculty of Saint
Basil of Ostrog.) from the Istono Sarajevo University.

It is also home to one of seven seminaries in the Serbian Orthodox Church, the
Seminary of Saint Peter of Sarajevo and Dabar-Bosna. Foa was also, until 1992, the
home of one of Bosnia's most important Islamic high schools, the Madrassa of
Mehmed-paa.

Sutjeska which is the oldest National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in
the municipality.

Twin towns - sister cities[edit]

Foa is twinned with:

Serbia Kragujevac in Serbia

Notable people[edit]
Zehra Deovi, folk singer
Veselin uho, water polo player and coach, two-time Olympic champion
Aida Hadzialic, Swedish politician
Jelica Komnenovi, basketball player, Olympic bronze medalist
Milan Luki, convicted Serbian war criminal
Rade Kruni, Bosnian Serb professional footballer (Italian club Empoli, Bosnia and
Herzegovina national team)
See also[edit]
Foa massacres
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stenton, Michael (2000). Radio London and Resistance in Occupied Europe:
British Political Warfare 1939-1943. Oxford University Press. p. 327. ISBN 0-19-
820843-X.
^ Jump up to: a b Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-
1945: The. Stanford University Press. p. 258. ISBN 0-8047-0857-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hoare, Marko Attila (2006). Genocide and Resistance in
Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks. Oxford University Press. pp.
33132. ISBN 0-19-726380-1.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bosnian Serbs reject rape plaque". BBC News. 1 October 2004.
Jump up ^ "Rape as a Crime Against Humanity". Archived from the original on January
14, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Facts about Foa" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for
the former Yugoslavia.
^ Jump up to: a b Charter, David (28 May 2009). "World Agenda: US hopes for Bosnia
rest on town mayor's shoulders". London: The Times.
Jump up ^ "Dragan Zelenovi Case Information Sheet" (PDF). International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
Jump up ^ Comiteau, Lauren (3 October 2002). "Fighting Over History". Time.
Jump up ^ "Prosecutor v. Radislav Krsti Judgment" (PDF). International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 2 August 2001. The Federal Constitutional Court
of Germany, in the Nikola Jorgic case, upheld the Judgement of the Dsseldorf
Supreme Court, interpreting the intent to destroy the group in part as including
the intention to destroy a group within a limited geographical area. In a Judgement
against Novislav Djajic on 23 May 1997, the Bavarian Appeals Chamber similarly
found that acts of genocide were committed in June 1992 though confined within the
administrative district of Foca.
Jump up ^ "Lone preacher: the Serb mayor who is trying to heal Bosnia's scars of
war". London: The Telegraph. 1 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Foca, Bosnia Once a Haven for War Criminals, Now for Tourists?". PBS.
10 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Link text, additional text.
External links[edit]
Voice of Foa
Official site
Foa
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Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Districts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Municipalities and cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 4330'N 1847'E

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Authority control
WorldCat Identities VIAF: 159494423 GND: 4537929-4
Categories: Populated places in FoaCities and towns in Republika
SrpskaMunicipalities of Republika SrpskaFoa
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