Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Derivative approach that I have learned before when I was in college. But, I was totally wrong, P&ID here is stand
for Piping and Instrumentation Diagram. Other names for P&IDs or sometimes clients or other contractors may call
these EFDs (Engineering Flow Diagrams), MFDs (Mechanical Flow Diagrams), or UFDs (Utility Flow Diagrams).
Actually, P&ID is the roadmap to show the path to the piping and the destination for the instrument signals and
highways. It shows the path to where the instruments connect to the process, i.e. piping, vessels or equipment,
and how the equipment is being monitored or controlled. It is the communications link for all disciplines (Process,
In other words, P&ID could be said like the Bible, as the highest level of authority for control systems. It is the
master plan for instruments and control systems for the project. For example, if there is a discrepancy between
several documents, the P&ID is usually regarded as the highest authority; therefore the P&ID must be kept
P&IDs show diagrammatically all the equipment for the process; all the piping with sized lines, major and
minor, including block valves and other devices; instrumentation and controls, including in-line and off-line
devices. They also show the utility systems for the plant.
It is developed from the Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs). The mechanical and hydraulic design portions of the
P&IDs are the responsibility of Systems Engineering, but Instrumentation and control design is the responsibility
On the P&IDs we can find schematic representation of all process equipment, like towers, drums, heat exchangers,
heaters, pumps, compressors, drivers, etc. with their equipment tag numbers. Just like the instrumentation, the
representation for some of the mechanical equipment such as compressors may be of the simplified representation.
Sometimes the vendors P&IDs may be used for the detailed version.
All interconnecting process and utility piping with sizes, line numbers, pipe classes, and service (fluid) codes also
could be found on P&IDs. The P&IDs then used to determine the service for the index.
Besides all that I mentioned above, P&IDs also show Block and check valves, piping components (traps, strainers,
ect.), SP items, pressure relief devices, ect. Piping spec changes is also shown on P&IDs since this is an important
issue which means that the pipe has changed classes (I.e Class 300 to Class 150, or maybe C.S. to alloy.
Another thing we would find here is boundaries around supplier packages, but this may be later in the project when
vendor documentation is received. This is also important because there can be issued such as input and output
signals that go from package equipment vendor furnished instruments to the DCS or SIS. These instruments which
are furnished by the package equipment vendor should not be requisitioned again. Also there could be issued and
designated such as instruments furnished by the package equipment vendor, but shipped loose and mounted in
Tie-ins and breaks between new and existing piping, equipment, and instruments just like an existing transmitter
that has a new signal run into the control room, or furnishing a new orifice plate into existing orifice flanges, and
could be existing TWs that we put new thermocouples or RTDs into are also shown on the P&IDs.
Just like its name, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram, this drawing also show the Instrumentation and controls
such as control room bubbles including DCS, SIS, and PLC devices. Usually an L (Low), LL (Low Low), H (High),
or HH (High High) located outside and adjacent to the DCS bubble indicated a DCS alarm. But for revamp project
on existing P&IDs, we may see the alarms shown in DCS bubbles, i.e. PAH, LALL, etc.
The P&IDs should show the field instruments including panel-mounted devices, analyzers, flow elements, and
control valves. This includes diagrammatically depicting instrument wiring, pneumatic signals, data links, capillary
tubing, and logic interlocks. It also shows instruments that are steam or electrically heat traced, location of field
devices on panels, instrument air to solenoid valves for on-off valves, and even notes to describe special
Last but not least, the P&IDs should also show typical details for instruments whose connections and impulse lines
require flushing to prevent plugging from solid particles in the fluid, and also a list of Tag Nos. requiring this detail.
And finally this detail should show any check valves, small restriction orifices, purgemeters, etc. that are required.
Yeah, just like what I said before, its like a Bibble which shows so many necessary things required. But, after we
know what actually P&IDs are, have you ever thought or just wondered how to read it?