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Abstract 10%
Introduction 10%
Results &
Discussion 40%
Conclusion &
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References 10%
Appendix 10%
Format 10%
Total 100%

Abu Dhabi University


College of Engineering & Computer Science
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MEC 421 Thermal Engineering Lab
Fall 2017 2018
EXPERIMENT NUMBER: 8

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Heat Exchanger

SECTION: 4

GROUP NUMBER A

GROUP MEMBERS:

Students Name Students ID Signature*


Khalid Harhara 1037733

Ahmed Sami Hamzah 1046803

Taleb Abdulaziz 1046013

Abdulkarim rageh 1036706

DATE SUBMITTED: 21 / 11 / 2017

CORRECTED BY:

MARK OBTAINED:

Page | 1
Contents
1. Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................ 3

2. Introduction:.......................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Apparatus: ............................................................................................................................................. 4

4. Procedure: ............................................................................................................................................. 6

5. Results:.................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.1. Concentric tube heat exchanger: (Parallel) ................................................................................... 6

5.2. Concentric tube heat exchanger: (Counter)................................................................................... 8

5.3. Shell and tube heat exchange: (Parallel) ..................................................................................... 10

5.4. The Sell and Tube Heat Exchanger: (Counter) ........................................................................... 12

6. Discussion ........................................................................................................................................... 14

7. Conclusion: ......................................................................................................................................... 15

8. Appendix ............................................................................................................................................. 16

List of Figure
Figure 1: Service module of the top bench heat exchanger .......................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger .................................................................................................. 4
Figure 3: Plate Heat Exchanger .................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 4: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger .................................................................................................... 5

Page | 2
1. Abstract:

The purpose of the experiment to evaluate the different


characteristics of Concentric Pipe warmth exchangers with different
configuration as the parallel and counter flow and analyze the result of
various flow rates on the power balance and how it affects the warmth
transfer coefficient for the shell tube and plate heat exchangers.

2. Introduction:

A heat exchanger is a device that allows heat from a fluid (hot


water) to pass to a second fluid (cold water) without the two fluids
having to mix together or come into direct contact. The rate of heat
transfer relies on three major variables. The first one is the mass flow
rate, and then comes the specific heat capacity of the fluid. And the third
variable is the temperature change. For an ideal heat exchanger the cool
fluid absorbs all the heat from the hot fluid, with no heat being absorbed
or lost to the surrounding. But since its difficult for the system not to
exchange heat with the surrounding, the mean temperature efficiency and
heat transfer coefficient are more useful in comparing different heat
exchangers. The temperature efficiency of the hot circuit of the Heat
Exchanger is the ratio of the temperature change in the hot circuit,
divided by the difference between the maximum and minimum
temperatures of the hot and cold circuits. Whereas the Heat Transfer
Coefficient (U) is a measure of how well the heat exchanger works.

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3. Apparatus:

Figure 1: Service module of the top bench heat exchanger

Figure 2: Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

Page | 4
Figure 3: Plate Heat Exchanger

Figure 4: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Page | 5
4. Procedure:

1) Connect and set up your heat exchanger. Connect for parallel flow
/counter flow and a heater tank temperature of 60C.
2) Use an accurate thermometer to check the local ambient air
temperature for reference
3) Use the hand operated flow control valves to set the hot and cold flow rates.
Allow at least five minutes for the heat exchanger temperatures to stabilize.
4) Record the hot and cold circuit temperatures.

5) Repeat the procedure for different flow rates and different heat exchangers.

6) Fill the blank results tables below.

Heat Exchanger Flow arrangement Flow rate ( L/min) U


Tube and shell counter flow 1 1.1687
Tube and shell parallel flow 1 1.491
Concentric tube counter flow 1 1.6891
Concentric tube parallel flow 1 1.2642

5. Results:
Plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, and concentric
heat exchanger were used in order to find out some of the experimental
values.

5.1. Concentric tube heat exchanger: (Parallel)

Test V (hot) V (cold) Th1 (C) Th2 (C) T (hot) Th (ave) Tc1 (C) Tc2 (C)
L/s L/s (C) (C)
1.00 0.0500 0.0500 60.40 55.60 4.80 58.00 30.40 34.80
2.00 0.0500 0.0333 60.10 56.10 4.00 58.10 30.60 36.00
3.00 0.0500 0.0167 60.00 57.10 2.90 58.55 30.40 38.60

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T (cold) Tc (ave) (h) % (c)% (h) (c) Cph Cpc Qe (w)
(C) (C) (kg/L) (kg/L) (Kj.Kg/K) (Kj.Kg/K)
4.40 32.60 16.00 14.67 0.9860 0.9955 4.183 4.177 0.99
5.40 33.30 13.56 18.31 0.9850 0.9945 4.184 4.177 0.82
8.20 34.50 9.80 27.70 0.9840 0.9940 4.185 4.177 0.60

Qa (w) CEB (ave) LMTD A (m2 ) U Th3 Tc3


(C)
0.91 0.92 15.33 28.01 0.02 1.7673 56.10 30.90
0.75 0.91 15.93 24.50 0.02 1.6821 56.50 32.80
0.57 0.95 18.75 23.62 0.02 1.2642 57.60 34.10

concentric tube : parallel flow


Location Temperature Th Temperature Tc
1 60.4 34.8
2 55.6 30.4

concentric tube / parallel flow


V (cold) L/s CEB
0.0500 0.92
0.0333 0.91
0.0167 0.95

Tempreture chart
70
60
Tempreture (C)

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Position

Cold Hot

Page | 7
Energy Balance Cofficience
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

5.2. Concentric tube heat exchanger: (Counter)

Test V (hot) V (cold) Th1 (C) Th2 (C) T (hot) Th (ave) Tc1 (C) Tc2 (C)
L/s L/s (C) (C)
1.00 0.0500 0.0443 58.40 54.10 4.30 56.25 28.70 33.10
2.00 0.0500 0.0333 58.70 55.00 3.70 56.85 30.20 35.40
3.00 0.0500 0.0167 59.80 56.00 3.80 57.90 30.20 37.60

T (cold) Tc (ave) (h) % (c)% (h) (c) Cph Cpc Qe (w)


(C) (C) (kg/L) (kg/L) (Kj.Kg/K) (Kj.Kg/K)
4.40 30.90 14.48 14.81 0.9840 0.9945 4.184 4.178 0.89
5.20 32.80 12.98 18.25 0.9840 0.9945 4.184 4.178 0.76
7.40 33.90 12.84 25.00 0.9845 0.9940 4.185 4.178 0.78

Qa (w) CEB (ave) LMTD A (m2 ) U Th3 Tc3


(C)
0.81 0.92 14.65 25.10 0.02 1.7633 56.10 30.90
0.72 0.94 15.61 23.77 0.02 1.6019 56.50 32.80
0.51 0.66 18.92 23.17 0.02 1.6891 57.60 34.10

concentric tube : counter flow


Location Temperature Th Temperature Tc
1 58.4 28.7
2 54.1 33.1

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concentric tube / counter flow
V (cold) L/s CEB
0.0443 0.92
0.0333 0.94
0.0167 0.66

Energy Balance Cofficience


4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

70

60

50
Temperature

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
position

Series1 Series2

Page | 9
5.3. Shell and tube heat exchange: (Parallel)

Test V (hot) V (cold) Th1 (C) Th2 (C) T (hot) Th (ave) Tc1 (C) Tc2 (C)
L/s L/s (C) (C)
1.00 0.0500 0.0367 60.00 55.50 4.50 57.75 28.80 34.20
2.00 0.0500 0.0250 59.30 55.50 3.80 57.40 29.00 35.70
3.00 0.0500 0.0167 59.70 56.20 3.50 57.95 29.00 37.60

T (cold) Tc (ave) (h) % (c)% (h) (c) Cph Cpc Qe (w)


(C) (C) (kg/L) (kg/L) (Kj.Kg/K) (Kj.Kg/K)
5.40 31.50 14.42 17.31 0.9845 0.9956 4.184 4.177 0.93
6.70 32.35 12.54 22.11 0.9835 0.9950 4.184 4.177 0.78
8.60 33.30 11.40 28.01 0.9835 0.9940 4.184 4.177 0.72

Qa (w) CEB (ave) LMTD (C) A (m2 ) U


0.82 0.89 15.87 25.94 0.02 1.7867
0.70 0.89 17.33 24.68 0.02 1.5840
0.60 0.83 19.71 24.15 0.02 1.4911

tube and shell : parallel flow


Location Temperature Th Temperature Tc
1 60 34.2
2 55.5 28.8

tube and shell / parallel flow


V (cold) L/s CEB
0.0367 0.89
0.0250 0.89
0.0167 0.83

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Tempreture chart
70
Tempreture (C) 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Position

Cold Hot

Energy Balance Cofficience


4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

Page | 11
5.4. The Sell and Tube Heat Exchanger: (Counter)

Test V (hot) V (cold) Th1 (C) Th2 (C) T (hot) Th (ave) Tc1 (C) Tc2 (C)
L/s L/s (C) (C)
1.00 0.0500 0.0467 61.80 56.70 5.10 59.25 28.40 33.20
2.00 0.0500 0.0333 61.30 56.90 4.40 59.10 29.50 35.40
3.00 0.0500 0.0167 60.90 57.50 3.40 59.20 29.20 38.30

T (cold) Tc (ave) (h) % (c)% (h) (c) Cph Cpc Qe (w)


(C) (C) (kg/L) (kg/L) (Kj.Kg/K) (Kj.Kg/K)
4.80 30.80 15.27 14.37 0.9840 0.9960 4.184 4.178 1.05
5.90 32.45 13.84 18.55 0.9835 0.9950 4.184 4.177 0.91
9.10 33.75 10.73 28.71 0.9835 0.9940 4.184 4.176 0.70

Qa (w) CEB (ave) LMTD (C) A (m2 ) U


0.93 0.89 14.82 28.16 0.02 1.8641
0.82 0.90 16.19 25.31 0.02 1.7887
0.63 0.90 19.72 29.93 0.02 1.1687

tube and shell : counter flow


Location Temperature Th Temperature Tc
1 61.8 28.4
2 56.7 33.2

tube and shell / counter flow


V (cold) L/s CEB
0.0467 0.89
0.0333 0.9
0.0167 0.9

Page | 12
70

60

50
Temperature
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
position

Series1 Series2

Energy Balance Cofficience


4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

Page | 13
6. Discussion

1. What is the difference between the parallel flow and the counter flow?

Counter Flow in heat exchangers is usually when the direction of one


of the fluids is flowing on the opposite direction of the other fluids;
whereas, in parallel flow both of the fluids inside the heat exchangers are
flowing alongside each other. Under normal conditions the counter flow
will have more heat transferred over the parallel flow, and thats due to
its higher efficiency.

2. What the advantages and disadvantages of the parallel and the counter flows?

Parallel flow is usually at a disadvantage and that is due to high temperature


differences which will leading to large thermal stresses; moreover the piping going
through sudden expansions and contractions may lead to material, however parallel
flow is advantageous if the both of the fluids lowing through the pipes needs to be
brought to same temperature; on the other hand, Counter flow is favorable due to
its many advantages one being the temperature difference between both fluids is
uniform reducing the risk of thermal stresses, also the uniform temperature
difference will lead to uniform rate of heat transfer finally the outlet temperature of
the cold can flow alongside the highest temperature at the inlet.

3. When is a heat exchanger classified as being compact? Do you think a double pipe heat
exchanger can classified as a compact heat exchanger?

Compact heat exchanger specifically designed to realize the ratio of large heat
transfer surface area per unit volume. A heat exchanger is classified as compact if
2
> 700 ; therefore, we cannot classify the double pipe heat exchanger as a
3

compact heat exchanger.

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4. Which parameter affects most the heat exchanger performance?

Parameters affecting the heat exchanger vary from operating pressure to the
operating temperature even the properties of the heat exchanger itself. In addition
as the flow rate decreases both the heat exchange and the performance will increase.

7. Conclusion:
All in all, we have acquired a great knowledge of heat exchangers. We came
across the way they work, the way they are classified and we even evaluated their
performance characteristics at different arrangements. Heat exchangers are
typically classified according to flow arrangement and type of construction; they
are either parallel Heat exchangers or counter flow Heat exchangers. Moreover, our
results indicate that the shell and tube had the best efficiency, and then comes the
concentric tube and finally the plate exchanger. Furthermore some errors may have
occurred when recording data from the heat exchanger. Another source of error
would be calculation error. It is recommended to cautiously record the data and
repeat the experiment to minimize the errors as much as possible.

Page | 15
8. Appendix

Energy Balance Cofficience


4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

Page | 16
Tempreture chart
70
60
Tempreture (C)

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Position

Cold Hot

Tempreture chart
70
60
Tempreture (C)

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Position

Cold Hot

Energy Balance Cofficience


4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

Page | 17
70

60

50
Temperature

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
position

Series1 Series2

Energy Balance Cofficience


4
3.5
3
2.5
CEB

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cold flow

Page | 18
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