DOI 10.4010/2016.

580
ISSN 2321 3361 2016 IJESC

Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 3

Identification of Brake Failure by Using IR Sensor

Lijin Joseph1, Giridharan.S2, Gokulkumar G3
UG Scholar1, PG Scholar2, Assistant Professor 3
Automobile Engineering1, CAD/CAM Engineering2, Electrical and Electronics Engineering3
Christ the King Engineering College, Karamadai, Coimbatore, India1, 3, The Kavery College of Engineering, Salem, India2
lijinjoseph01@gmail.com1, giridharanauto@gmail.com2, gokulesec@gmail.com3

Abstract:
The aim of the project is to plan and improve a control system based an electronically controlled automatic break failure indicator
by using IR Sensor. Due to the failure of brake the effectiveness of the brake system reduces resulting in accidents, when effective
brake system which increase the stability of the vehicle. An efficient brake system is to bring the vehicle to rest within a
reasonable distance. It is also desirable that the rate of retardation should be related to the pedal effort. A Automatic break failure
indicator is consists of master cylinder, wheel cylinder IR sensor, relay, rectifier buzzer and integrated circuit. The sensor is fixed
in between the brake pedal. The sensors sense the brake failure from brake pedal and gives signal to the control unit, which
generate indication alarm. In case of failure due to fluid leak, hose damage the fluid pressure inside the master cylinder reduction
takes place, which causes the descent of the pedal force. At that time of control unit sense the situation and gives the indication
alarm.

Keywords: Hydraulic Braking System, Buzzer and Control Unit, Integrated Circuit, Infrared Sensor.

I. INTRODUCTION: 3. To increase the stable efficiency of the

Car safety is the escaping of accidents in automobiles
or to the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in
particular as pertaining to natural life and healthiness. Special
safety features which has been built into the cars for years,
some for the safety of car's occupants only, and some for the
safety of others, which is fully equipped by sensors circuit. It is
a fully equipped and designed respectively for automobile
vehicles and this forms an integral part of best quality of the
vehicles. This product underwent strenuous test in our
automobile vehicles and it is good. Man has been needed and
used energy at an increasing rate for its sustenance and a few
million years ago when he came on earth. Primitive man
required energy primarily in the method of food. He derived
food by eating plants or may be sometimes animals which he
hunted and eat in the little mean time. Subsequently he
discovered fire and his energy needs increased as he started his
way to make use of wood and other bio mass products to
supply the dynamism needs for cooking as well as agriculture.
He added a new dimension to the use of energy by
domesticating and training animals to work for him. With
further depletion for energy in this world, man began to use the
wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force
of failing water to turn the water wheels. Up to this time it
would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the
energy that needs of man either directly proportional or
indirectly proportional that man was using only renewable
sources of energy in this planet.
II. NEED OF AUTOMATION:
At the present time almost all the manufacturing
process is being automation in order to deliver the products at
a very fast rate to reduce certain circumstances. The
manufacturing operation is being atomized for the following
reasons.
1. To achieve mass production.
2. To reduce the power of man.
manufacturing plant.
4. To reduce the work load of manufacturing.
5. To reduce the production cost.
6. To reduce the production time.
7. To reduce the material handling.
8. To reduce the fatigue of workers.
9. To achieve good product quality.
10. Less Maintenance
III. SAFETY SYSTEM:
The aim is to the proposed design and develops and
improves the control system based on intelligent pneumatic
breaking system of a normal conventional electronically
controlled automotive braking system. Based on this concept
model, strategies such as an 'antilock braking system' (ABS)
and stability controlled system has been improved
manoeuvrability via individual wheel braking which was
actuated and developed in the later years. They have been
considerable advances in modern vehicle braking systems in
recent years. For an instance, electronically actuated ABS for
emergency braking system electronically hydraulic actuated
individual system as brake-by-wire (BBW) concepts for saloon
cars and other electronically controlled pneumatic actuated
systems for heavy goods vehicles. The newness of the research
proposed for a programmed shall fall in the development and
evaluation of control systems for achieving each of an
individual wheel motion control facilitated by brake by wire
technology. In the case of BBW the brake pedals is detached
from the hydraulic system and are being replaced by a 'brake
pedal simulator'. The simulator provides an electrical signal for
the electronic control system. The primary modelling and
simulation work considers about quarter cars initially followed
by a natural progression to the full four wheel station and half
car wheel cases. The model has been constructed in modular
form thus allowing the replacement or by interchanging of the
various blocks and their technologies associated within it.
Upon the completion of the full vehicle model of braking

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system, sensitivity analyses will be carried out, when once the receiver circuit which is called as IR RECEIVER. The IR
preliminary simulation model has been thoroughly receiver circuit receives the reflected IR rays and gives back to
benchmarked and existed control strategies systems have been the control signal to control the signals from the sensors.
evaluated. An audit of the technology is used to take place and
this will provide a basic comparison between the iterative
technologies and techniques. The final phase of the new
modern vehicle shall include:

a. Development of improved ABS control systems.

b. Development and assessment of an electro-hydraulic-
BBW (EH-BBW) system.
c. Individual wheel braking combined with traction
control.
d. Assessing sensor failure and fault tolerant control
system design.
e. Preliminary studies into an electrically actuated
system. Figure 2: IR Transmitter Circuit Diagram
f. Re-engineering using simplified models.

IV. COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION:

A. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

BRAKING BRAKE CONTROL

IR SENSOR OUTPUT
SYSTEM PEDAL UNIT

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Integrated Braking System.

B. COMPONENTS:
1) HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM
2) IR SENSOR UNIT Figure 3: IR Receiver Circuit Diagram
3) RECTIFIER
4) RELAY 3) Rectifier:-
5) BUZZER The purpose of a rectifier is to convert
6) INTERGRATED CIRCUIT alternating current into direct current, which travels in only one
7) WHEEL AND BRAKE ARRANGEMENT direction and the processes is known as rectification. It is been
8) STAND normally used in crystal radios and galena.

1) HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM:- 4) Relay

A hydraulic brake mainly consists of master A relay is an electrically operated switch.
cylinder, wheel cylinder, proportionating valve, and metering The signal coming in from one circuit is re- transmitted in to
valve respectively. The purpose is to keep the travel free from another circuit.
the pedal position by brake shoe retraction springs and does 5) Buzzer
not allow the fluid go to the return valve with an air purging
from inside the system. It is designed to even the brakes in a
released position and a small pressure of 50Kpa is maintained
in the valve to ensure that cups are expanded in wheel cylinder.
This controls the air from the wheel cylinders and when the
brakes are released.

2) IR SENSOR UNIT:-
The IR transmitter and IR receiver circuit is used to
sense the obstacle which is attached to the rear side to the
mounted stand with a suitable arrangement. The pneumatic
cylinder is controlled by a universal flow control valve
operation, a single acting solenoid valve and controlling the
signals from the sensor unit. The IR Transmitter and IR
Receiver circuit diagram are shown below. The IR
TRANSMITTER circuit is to transmit the Infra-Red rays. If
an obstacle is observed in a recognised path, the Infra-Red rays
reflected back to the transmitter and are again received by the
Figure 4: Buzzer Symbol
A beeper or a buzzer is an audio signal device which
can either run in mechanical, piezoelectric. They are normally
used in alarm devices, timers and in computers and laptops
while pressing of wrong keys.
6) Integrated circuit
LM358 is a low power dual operational
amplifier integrated circuit. The abbreviation LM358 is an 8
pin integrated circuit, comprising two operational amplifiers at

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low power. The IC is designed for general use as amplifiers,
high pass filters.
AT BREAKING CONDITION:
The IR transmitter sensor transmits the infrared rays
with the help of a timer circuit called as IC555. The IR
receiver sensor receives the IR rays from the receiver. The
transistor such as T1, T2 and T3 are used as an amplifier
section. At normal condition Transistor T5 is in OFF
condition. At that time relay is OFF, the alarm is also switched
OFF.
AT BREAK FAILURE CONDITION:
At obstacle conditions the IR transmitter and IR
receiver, across the transmitter resistance and receives at and it
is high due to the non-conductivity of the IR waves. So the
output of transistor T5 goes from OFF condition to ON stage
and at that time the relay is in ON position, and simultaneously
the alarm is also switched ON.
Figure 5: Indicates IR Brake Sensor Unit
7) WHEEL AND BRAKING ARRANGEMENT:
The simple wheel and braking arrangement is fixed to
the frame stand. Near the brake liver, the IR sensor unit is
fixed.
8) STAND:
This is a supporting frame and made up of mild steel.
V. CONCLUSION:
Virtual experiment has been done and has more
simple in operation and cost. In this paper, we designed the
intelligent hydraulic system by using IR sensor. The system
has accomplished the following function:
a) Start the sensor brakes automatically;
b) Detecting the failure of the brakes;
c) Set different distances according to the brake stopping
clearance.
Experiment conclusion indicates that this brake is
sensitive and workable; it can detect the distance of the brakes
easily. And also according to different needs, it can also be
really implemented to continuously variable transmission.
Considering its big development space and the accomplished
function, it is valued in application.
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, March 2016
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to thank Mr. G.PRABHAKARAN,
Assistant Professor and HOD of Automobile Engineering
Department, Christ the King Engineering College, Karamadai,
Coimbatore for his valuable support to develop this project. I
would like to thank Mr. GANESAN, Assistant Professor of
Automobile Department, Christ the King Engineering College,
Coimbatore for his valuable guidance and information
regarding this project. I would like to thank Mr. GOKUL,
Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department, Christ the King Engineering College, Coimbatore
for his valuable support to develop this project and give some
additional information about the related work.
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