Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TILT MANAGEMENT
The pilot can use tilt management techniques to minimize ground
clutter when viewing weather targets.
The figures below help to visualize the relationship between tilt angle,
flight altitude, and selected range. Figures 5- 4 and 5- 5 show the
distance above and below aircraft altitude that is illuminated by the
flat- plate radiator during level flight with 0_ tilt. Figures 5- 6 and 5- 7
show a representative low altitude situation, with the antenna adjusted
for 2.8_ up- tilt.
80,000
ELEVATION IN FEET
70,000
60,000 41,800 FT
ZERO TILT
50,000 20,000 FT
10,500 FT
CENTER OF RADAR BEAM
10,500 FT
30,000 20,000 FT
7.9
20,000 41,800 FT
10,000
0
0 25 50
100
RANGE NAUTICAL MILES
AD- 35693@
80,000
70,000
ELEVATION IN FEET
10,000
0
0 25 50 100
RANGE NAUTICAL MILES
AD- 17717- R1@
40,000
ANTENNA ADJUSTED
ELEVATION IN FEET
20,000
10,500 FT
7.9
10,000 4,200 FT
10,500 FT 20,900 FT
5,000 4,200 FT 1.15
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RANGE NAUTICAL MILES
AD- 17718- R1@
40,000
ANTENNA ADJUSTED
FOR 2.8 UPTILT
ELEVATION IN FEET
30,000
14,000 FT
20,000
3,000 FT 7,400 FT
5.6 14,000 FT
10,000
7,400 FT
5,000
3,000 FT
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RANGE NAUTICAL MILES
AD- 17719@
To find the ideal tilt angle after the aircraft is airborne, adjust the TILT
control so that groundclutter does not interfere with viewing of weather
targets. Usually, this can be done by tilting the antenna downward in 1_
increments until ground targets begin to appear at the display periphery.
Ground returns can be distinguished from strong storm cells by
watching for closer ground targets with each small downward increment
of tilt. The more the downward tilt, the closer the ground targets that
are displayed.
When ground targets are displayed, move the tilt angle upward in 1_
increments until the ground targets begin to disappear. Proper tilt
adjustment is a pilot judgment, but typically the best tilt angle lies where
ground targets are barely visible or just off the radar image.
RANGE
SCALE
(NM) LINE OF
5 10 25 50 100 200 300 SIGHT
(NM)
ALTITUDE
(FEET)
40,000 - 12 -4 -1 +1 246
(TILT LIMITED
30,000 -8 -2 0 +1 213
25,000 -6 -1 +1 195
20,000 -4 0 +1 174
15,000 - 11 -2 +1 +2 151
10,000 -6 -0 +2 +2 123
5,000 -5 -1 +2 +2 87
4,000 -4 0 +2 +3 78
3,000 -2 +1 +3 +3 67
2,000 0 +2 +3 +3 55
1,000 +2 +3 +3 39
AD- 29830- R2@
Tilt angles shown are approximate. Where the tilt angle is not listed, the
operator must exercise good judgment.
RANGE
SCALE LINE OF
(NM) 10 25 50 100 200 SIGHT
ALTITUDE (NM)
(FEET)
40,000 - 12 -8 246
(TILT LIMITED
30,000 - 10 -7 213
25,000 - 13 -9 -7 195
20,000 - 11 -8 -6 174
15,000 - 10 -7 -6 151
10,000 - 13 -8 -6 -5 123
5,000 -9 -6 -5 87
4,000 -8 -6 -5 78
3,000 -7 -5 -5 67
2,000 -6 -5 -4 55
1,000 -5 -4 39
AD- 35710@
Tilt angles shown are approximate. Where the tilt angle is not listed, the
operator must exercise good judgment.
Range
Scale
(NM) Line of
Altitude Sight
(Feet) 0.5 1.0 2.5 5 10 25 50 100 200 (NM)
40,000 -6 -3 -2 246
35,000 -5 -2 230
30,000 -4 -2 213
15,000 -4 -1 0 151
10,000 -8 -2 0 0 123
5,000 -8 -3 0 +1 87
4,000 -6 -2 0 +1 78
3,000 -9 -4 -1 +1 +1 67
2,000 -6 -2 0 +1 55
1,000 -7 -2 0 +1 +1 39
500 -7 -3 0 +1 +1 27
AD- 50232@
The upper levels of convective storms are the most dangerous because
of the probability of violent windshears and large hail. But hail and
winshear are not very reflective because they lack reflective liquid
water.
The figures that follow show the relationship between flight situations
and the correct tilt angle. The first describes a high altitude situation; the
second describes a low altitude situation.
D The ideal tilt angle shows a few ground targets at the edge of the
display (see figure 5- 8).
GROUND
RETURN
AD- 35694@
GROUND
RETURN
AD- 35695@
Earths Curvature
Figure 5- 9
FREEZING LEVEL
AD- 35696@
Convective Thunderstorms
Figure 5- 10
FREEZING LEVEL
AD- 35697@
Unaltered Tilt
Figure 5- 11
FREEZING
LEVEL
AD- 35698@
DISPLAY BEFORE
TURN
DISPLAY AFTER
TURN
FREEZING
LEVEL
AD- 35699@
D At low altitude, the tilt should be set as low as possible to get ground
returns at the periphery only as shown in figure 5- 15.
CORRECT WRONG
FREEZING
LEVEL
AD- 35700@
D The antenna size used on the aircraft alters the best tilt settings by
about 1_. However, tilt management is the same for either size, as
shown in figure 5- 16.
D Some of the rules of thumb are described below and shown in figure
5- 17.
- A 1_ look down angle looks down 100 ft per mile
- Bottom of beam is 1/2 beam width below tilt setting
- A 12- inch antenna grazes the ground at 100 NM if set to 0_ tilt
at 40,000 ft.
TILT
BEAM WIDTH
AD- 35702@
Rules of Thumb
Figure 5- 17