UNI-KL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE

AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Engine Fundamental TITLE: Introduction

Automotive History.

The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of
the automobile reflects an evolution that took place world wide Starting with the first theoretical
plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn up by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton.
The first automotive vehicles were steam drive. The following dates show the development
of engine:

1769 Nicolas Joseph Cugnot - the first self-propelled road vehicle was a military
tractor
1876 Otto and Langen - Four stroke engine
1883 Carburetor engine with preheat ignition and higher engine speeds by
Diamler
1884 Daimler mounts engine (1/2 hp) on the first motorcycle
1897 Rudolf Diesel - Diesel engine
1936 Otto cycle aviation engine with fuel injection, from 1950 on for motor car
1957 Wankel rotary piston engine

WHAT IS AN ENGINE?

An engine is a related group of parts assembled in a specific order.

Designed to convert the energy given off by burning fuel into a useful form.

There are many parts in a modern engine, each one being essential to the engine operation.

Chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate, which
called combustion.

If engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, the engine is called an internal
combustion engine. An external combustion engine is an engine that burns fuel outside of the
engine itself, such as a steam engine.

Character of engine

External combustion engine

Internal combustion engine

Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot
combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. A piston internal combustion
engine works by burning hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuel that presses on a piston
 UNI-KL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE
AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT: Engine Fundamental TITLE: Introduction

External combustion engine

An external combustion engine is an engine which burns its fuel outside of the engine.
External combustion engines are large and less powerful.

External combustion engines produce hot gases that transfer heat energy to another
fluid. The heat energy in this fluid, in turn, is changed into mechanical energy. Such
engines include gas and steam turbines and reciprocating steam engines.

A Stirling engines and steam turbine are a good example of an external-combustion

engine. Heat from burning fuel changes water in a boiler to steam. Pipes carry the steam
into the turbine, which has a series of bladed wheels attached to a shaft. The steam
expands through the turbine and so pushes on the blades and causes them to turn the
shaft. The spinning shaft can drive an electric generator, move a ship's propeller, or do
other useful work.

Automotive Engine

Engines used are internal combustion heat engines.

Convert the chemical energy of the gasoline into heat within a power chamber that is
called a combustion chamber.
Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the
combustion gases within the chamber.
The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston
or a turbine wheel to produce a usable mechanical force. This force is converted into
useful mechanical power.