CABLES - the only medium used to connect devices on networks.

TYPES OF CABLE
1. Twisted pair- is a type of copper cabling that is used for telephone communications and most Ethernet networks. A pair of wires
forms a circuit that transmits data.
TWO BASIC TYPES OF TWISTED-PAIR CABLES
1. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) - This type of cable relies solely on the cancellation effect produced by
the twisted-wire pairs that limits signal degradation caused by electromagnetic interface (EMI) and radio
frequency interference (RFI).
2. SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)- each pair of wire is wrapped in metallic foil to better shield the wires
from noise. Four pairs of wires are then wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil. STP reduces electrical
noise from within the cable.

2. Coaxial Cable-is a copper-cored cable surrounded by a heavy shielding. Coaxial cable is used to connect the
computers to the rest of the network.

TYPES OF COAXIAL CABLE

1. Thicknet (10BASE5) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10 Mbps, with a maximum length of 500 meters.
2. Thinnet (10BASE2) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10 Mbps, with a maximum length of 185 meters.
3. RG-59 is most commonly used for cable television in the U.S.
4. RG-6 is higher-quality cable than RG-59, with more bandwidth and less susceptibility to interference.

3. Fiber-Optic Cable- optical fiber is a glass or plastic conductor that transmits information using light. Fiber optic
cable has one or more optical fibers enclosed in a sheath or jacket.

TWO TYPES OF GLASS FIBER-OPTIC CABLE

1. Multimode- is the cable that has a thicker core than single-mode cable.
2. Single-mode - is the cable that has a very thin core.
Cross-over and Straight-through Cable

1. STRAIGHT-THROUGH ETHERNET CABLE - is used in local area network to connect a PC to a network hub and router. This
is the standard cable used for almost all purposes.

Pin ID side A side B

1 orange-white orange-white
2 orange orange
3 green-white green-white
4 blue blue
5 blue-white blue-white
6 green green
7 brown-white brown-white
8 brown brown

2. CROSS-OVER CABLE-on the other hand, can be used to connect two network devices directly, without the need for a
router in the middle.
Pin ID side A side B
1 orange-white green-white
2 orange green
3 green-white orange-white
4 blue blue
5 blue-white blue-white
6 green orange
7 brown-white brown-white
8 brown brown