IEEE STD C57.12.40™-2017

IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase
Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller;

High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low
Voltage, 600 V and Below; Subway
and Vault Types (Liquid Immersed)
IEEE Power and Energy Society
Sponsored by the
Transformers Committee
IEEE IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017

3 Park Avenue (Revision of
New York, NY 10016-5997 IEEE Std C57.12.40-2011)
USA
Authorized licensed use limited to: COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on October 14,2017 at 08:04:28 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Abstract: This standard is intended for use as a basis for establishing the performance,
interchangeability, and safety of the equipment covered and to assist in the proper selection of
such equipment.
Keywords: copper-bearing steel, grounding switch, IEEE C57.12.40, magnetizing switch,
network, subway, transformer, vault
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
Copyright 2017 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

All rights reserved. Published 31 August 2017. Printed in the United States of America.
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Engineers, Incorporated.
PDF: STD22639 ISBN: 978-1-5044-4112-4

Print: STDPD22639 ISBN: 978-1-5044-4113-1
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Participants
At the time this IEEE standard was completed, the C57.12.40 Working Group had the following
membership:
Brian Klaponski, Chair
Edward Bertolini Said Hachichi Adam Sewell

David Blew Michael Harden Jeremy Sewell
John Crouse Alejandro Macias Russell Sewell
Joseph Cultrera Libin Mao Anastasios Taousakis
Larry Dix Charles Morgan Giuseppe Termini
Will Elliott Daniel Mulkey Lee Welch
Mark Faulkner George Payerle William Wimmer
The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have
voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
Peter Balma Charles Johnson Alvaro Portillo

Wallace Binder Sheldon Kennedy Charles Rogers
Thomas Blackburn Yuri Khersonsky Thomas Rozek
William Byrd Gary King Daniel Sauer
Paul Cardinal Brian Klaponski Bartien Sayogo
Kurt Clemente Axel Kraemer Stephen Schroeder
John Crouse Jim Kulchisky Jeremy Sewell
Glenn Davis John Lackey Nikunj Shah
Gary Donner Mikhail Lagoda Xu She
William Elliott Chung-Yiu Lam Jeremy Smith
Michael Faulkenberry Aleksandr Levin Jerry Smith
Jorge Fernandez Daher Tim-Felix Mai Gary Smullin
Bruce Forsyth Richard Marek Ronald Stahara
Marcel Fortin William McBride Wayne Stec
Fredric Friend Charles McShane Christopher Sullivan
Edwin Goodwin C. Michael Miller John Sullivan
Randall Groves Daleep Mohla Michael Thompson
Said Hachichi Charles Morgan Kiran Vedante
John Harley Daniel Mulkey Roger Verdolin
Jeffrey Helzer K. R. M. Nair John Vergis
Joshua Herz Michael Newman Jane Verner
Werner Hoelzl Bansi Patel John Wang
Thomas Holifield Dhiru Patel Lee Welch
Philip Hopkinson George Payerle Kenneth White
Mohammad Iman Branimir Petosic William Wimmer
John John Christopher Petrola Jian Yu
6
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 18 May 2017, it had the following
membership:
Jean-Philippe Faure, Chair

Gary Hoffman, Vice Chair
John D. Kulick, Past Chair
Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary
Chuck Adams Joseph L. Koepfinger* Robby Robson

Masayuki Ariyoshi Kevin Lu Dorothy Stanley
Ted Burse Daleep Mohla Adrian Stephens
Stephen Dukes Damir Novosel Mehmet Ulema
Doug Edwards Ronald Petersen Phil Wennblom
J. Travis Griffith Annette D. Reilly Howard Wolfman
Michael Janezic Yu Yuan
Thomas Koshy
*Member Emeritus
7
Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017 for IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase Transformers,
2500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 600 V and Below; Subway and Vault Types
(Liquid Immersed).
This standard is an update to IEEE Std C57.12.40TM-2011, which marked the first full technical update to
this standard since it was published as a NEMA/ANSI standard called C57.12.40-2000. The 2011 revision
reorganized clauses and made major changes to clarify the requirements for the primary disconnect and
grounding switch. This revision clarifies the Applied Voltage Test in Table 2, introduces a stainless steel
tank alternative to copper-bearing steel, eliminates the use of primary wiping sleeves, changes the primary
switch chamber to a single compartment, and adds an informative Annex B.
8
Contents
1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. 10
2. Normative references................................................................................................................................ 10
3. Transformer performance requirements ................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Kilovolt-ampere ratings ..................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Voltage rating and tap ratings ............................................................................................................ 12
3.3 Angular displacement ........................................................................................................................ 12
3.4 Basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BILs) ............................................................................... 13
3.5 Percent impedance ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.6 Audible sound levels ......................................................................................................................... 13
4. Tests ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
5. Construction ............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.2 Corrosion resistance .......................................................................................................................... 14
5.3 Tank ................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.4 Cooling panels ................................................................................................................................... 16
5.5 Primary switch chamber .................................................................................................................... 16
5.6 Secondary network protector throat ................................................................................................... 17
5.7 Accessory equipment for transformer tanks ...................................................................................... 18
5.8 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................ 19
6. Primary disconnect and grounding switch ................................................................................................ 21

6.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 21
6.2 Network switch electrical performance requirements ....................................................................... 21
7. Bushings ................................................................................................................................................... 25
7.1 Bushings and bushing wells............................................................................................................... 25
7.2 Primary bushings between main tank and switch chamber ............................................................... 25
7.3 Secondary bushings ........................................................................................................................... 25
7.4 Terminal markings ............................................................................................................................. 26
8. Neutral termination ................................................................................................................................... 26

8.1 Primary neutral .................................................................................................................................. 26
8.2 Secondary neutral .............................................................................................................................. 26
9. Nameplate ................................................................................................................................................. 27
10. Connections of transformer for shipment by manufacturer .................................................................... 27
Annex A (informative) Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 33
Annex B (informative) Coordination of bushing selection and application ................................................. 34
9
IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase
Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller;
High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low
Voltage, 600 V and Below; Subway
and Vault Types (Liquid Immersed)
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
This standard covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics and takes
into consideration certain safety features of three-phase, 60-Hz, liquid-immersed, self-cooled,
network transformers with a primary grounding switch. These transformers are rated 2500 kVA and
below with high voltages of 34 500 volts and below and secondaries of 600 volts and below. These
transformers are generally used for step-down purposes from underground primary cables and supply a
secondary network system through network protectors. These transformers are typically installed below
ground level.
1.2 Purpose
This standard is intended for use as a basis for establishing the performance, electrical and
mechanical interchangeability, safety of the equipment covered, and to assist in the proper selection of
such equipment.
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is
explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
10
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low
Voltage, 600 V and Below; Subway and Vault Types (Liquid Immersed)
IEEE Std 386, IEEE Standard for Separable Insulated Connector Systems for Power Distribution Systems
Above 600 V. 1,2
IEEE Std C57.12.00, IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power,
and Regulating Transformers.
IEEE Std C57.12.20, IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers, 500 kVA and
Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below.
IEEE Std C57.12.32, IEEE Standard for Submersible EquipmentEnclosure Integrity.
IEEE Std C57.12.80, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers.
IEEE Std C57.12.90, IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers.
3. Transformer performance requirements
3.1 Kilovolt-ampere ratings
Kilovolt-ampere ratings shall be as specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Kilovolt-ampere ratings

55 C 65 C
300 336
500 560
750 840
1000 1120
1500 1680
2000 2240
2500 2800
The base rating as listed in Table 1 shall not exceed a 55 C average winding temperature rise above
standard ambient. The 65 C rating is based on not exceeding a 65 C average winding temperature rise or
an 80 C hot-spot temperature rise, as specified in IEEE Std C57.12.00. The temperature rise of the
insulating liquid shall not exceed 65 C measured near the top of the tank.
The dual-rated transformers as shown in Table 1 are based on utilizing an insulation system that allows
continuous operation at a 65 C rise and 112% of the 55 C base rating. Dual-rated transformers shall also
be capable of delivering the 55 C base kilovolt-ampere rating when operated in a 40 C average ambient
temperature with a maximum ambient temperature not to exceed 50 C.
When required, a kilovolt-ampere base rating with a 65 C average winding temperature rise can be
specified.
Nonsymmetrical unbalanced excitation or loading of wye-wye-connected units may cause heating of their
tanks in excess of that which would be produced by balanced conditions. To reduce the probability of this
1
The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
2
IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).
11
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
tank heating, such a unit shall be provided with a core construction that will not saturate when 33-percent
zero sequence voltage is applied.
3.2 Voltage rating and tap ratings

Preferred voltage ratings and taps shall be in accordance with Table 2. All taps shall be at rated kilovolt-
amperes.
3.3 Angular displacement
The angular displacement between the primary and secondary terminal voltages of three-phase
transformers with wye-wye connections shall be 0. The angular displacement between the primary and
secondary terminal voltages of three-phase transformers with delta-wye connections shall be 30 with the
primary leading the low voltage.
Table 2 Voltage ratings, BIL, and required test levels for subway-type and vault-type
secondary network transformers
12
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
3.4 Basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BILs)

The HV BIL shall be as specified in Table 2.
The LV BIL shall be 30 kV.
NOTECable terminations supplied by the user should provide suitable coordination with the transformer insulation
level. 3
3.5 Percent impedance
The percent impedance on the rated voltage connection shall be as specified in Table 3. The tolerance shall
be as specified in IEEE Std C57.12.00.
Table 3 Impedance
Kilovolt-ampere rating Percentage impedance
3001000 5.0
15002500 7.0
3.5.1 Tolerance for impedance on a tap
The percent departure of the actual impedance on any tap from the actual impedance at the rated voltage
shall not be greater than the total tap voltage range expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.
3.6 Audible sound levels
Transformers shall be designed so that the average sound level does not exceed the values given in Table 4
measured according to IEEE Std C57.12.90.
Table 4 Audible sound levels

Kilovolt-ampere rating Average sound level
200 kV BIL and below dB(A)
300 55
500 56
750 57
1000 58
1500 60
2000 61
2500 62
4. Tests
All tests shall be performed in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00 and IEEE Std C57.12.90. The
dielectric test levels shall be in accordance with distribution transformer levels in IEEE Std C57.12.00.
When bushings and bushing wells are used for the primary entrance to the transformer, chopped wave tests
are not required.
3
Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement
this standard.
13
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
5. Construction
5.1 General
The transformer enclosure shall consist of a tank, cooling panels, a primary switch chamber, a secondary
network protector throat, and accessories as specified in this standard. The primary switch chamber is
welded to one end of the transformer tank. The network protector throat is welded to the other end (see
Figure 1).
5.2 Corrosion resistance
5.2.1 Transformer enclosure
The transformer enclosure shall be constructed of materials that provide corrosion resistance equivalent to,
not less than, the thickness of copper-bearing steel shown in Table 5 (minimum copper content: 0.20%).
A subway-type network transformer is one that is suitable for frequent or continuous submerged operation
under 3 m (10 ft) of water. A vault-type network transformer is one that is suitable for occasional
submerged operation under 3 m (10 ft) of water. Manual operation of certain accessories may require that
the water level be lowered.
Table 5 Copper-bearing Steel Minimum material thickness

Transformer enclosure Subway type Vault type
copper-bearing steel mm (in) mm (in)
Tank wall 8 (0.31) 8 (0.31)
Switch housing 8 (0.31) 8 (0.31)
Cooling panels 8 (0.31) 2.5 (0.09)
Cover 13 (0.5) 13 (0.5)
Tank bottom 13 (0.5) 13 (0.5)
As an alternate to using copper-bearing steel, some users may specify a stainless steel tank enclosure for
applications where a transformer will experience an especially corrosive environment (such as frequent or
continuous submersion in salt water). When stainless steel is specified for the tank enclosure, it shall be
Type 316L with minimum material thickness as shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Stainless Steel Minimum material thickness

Transformer enclosure Subway type
stainless steel mm (in)
Tank wall 6 (0.25)
Switch housing 6 (0.25)
Cooling panels 6 (0.25)
Cover 9.5 (0.375)
Tank bottom 9.5 (0.375)
14
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
5.2.2 Hardware
All external hardware, nuts, bolts, washers, etc., shall be austenitic 300 series stainless steel, silicon bronze,
or the functional equivalent.
5.2.3 Other materials
All valves, fittings, pipe plugs or caps, bushings, and cable entrances shall also have corrosion resistance
properties as stated in 5.2.2. Any thread sealant used shall be non-conducting.
5.2.4 Finish
The finish shall be a dark color and conform to IEEE Std C57.12.32.
5.3 Tank
5.3.1 General
The transformer tank shall be of sealed construction (as defined in IEEE Std C57.12.80) consisting of a
welded main cover equipped with a welded handhole cover, and a sub-base. The completely assembled
tank shall be of sufficient strength to withstand a pressure of 50 kPa (7 psig) without permanent
deformation and 103 kPa (15 psig) without rupturing. The completely assembled transformer, the switch
chamber, the terminal chamber (when applicable), and the secondary network protector throat shall be
tested for leaks at a minimum pressure of 50 kPa (7 psig) above the static head of liquid for not less than
6 h. Alternative methods for leak detection, such as the helium leak detector method, may be used.
The completely assembled transformer tank shall be capable of passing the fault current tests as defined in
IEEE Std C57.12.20.
5.3.2 Transformer with sub-base
The transformer sub-base shall consist of bars parallel to the long axis of the transformer. The sub-base
shall provide a 38 mm (1.5 in) minimum clearance from the floor to the tank bottom, with corners left clear
for jacking. The base bars should be made of one of the following materials:
a) 25 mm (1.0 in) thick mild steel

b) 300-series stainless steel 8 mm (5/16 in) thick formed channels
c) 13 mm (0.5 in) thick copper bearing steel formed channels
5.3.3 Covers
A welded tank cover shall be furnished. A welded handhole cover shall be provided for disconnecting the
neutral or neutrals for test. For the welded tank cover and for the welded handhole cover, a non-flammable
fiberglass tape shall be used to help reduce the risk of welding or cutting debris getting into the transformer.
15
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
5.3.4 Lifting lugs
Four lifting lugs shall be designed and arranged to facilitate lifting the transformer with the network
protector attached. The lift lugs shall be designed for dual purposefor lifting and for shipping tie-down
purposes. The lugs shall be provided with a suitable hole for attaching a 40 mm (1.5 in) clevis. The lifting
lugs shall be designed and placed such that an installed clevis will not damage the transformer tank or
cover when the lifting slings are at 60 from horizontal. The lifting lugs shall not extend past the plane of
the network protector mounting flange less 1 inch to allow for soft sling lifting with the network protector
bolted in place.
5.3.5 Lifting and jacking provisions
Lifting and jacking provisions shall be designed to provide a safety factor of five. This safety factor is the
ratio of the ultimate stress of the material used to the working stress. The working stress is the maximum
combined stress developed in the lifting provisions by the static load of the completely assembled
transformer complete with the network protector.
5.4 Cooling panels
Cooling panels shall not extend beyond the tank wall on the secondary end of the transformer. Extensions
on the HV end shall not interfere with, or block visibility of, the switch (and terminal) chamber operating
mechanisms or accessories.
5.5 Primary switch chamber
5.5.1 Primary switch chamber cover
A bolted and gasketed cover shall be provided for the switch chamber. The cover shall be equipped with
handles and holes for guide pins. Where cemented gaskets are used, means for breaking the seal shall be
provided.
5.5.1.1 Switch chamber fluid
When bushings or bushings wells (see 7.1) are supplied, the same type of liquid as in the transformer tank
shall be supplied.
5.5.2 Primary switch operating positions markings
The three operating positions (Open, Closed, and Ground) shall be indicated by suitable permanent
markings made of 300-series stainless steel or brass tags. No stenciling or decals shall be used. The
markings shall be located near the external operating handle and be visible from the primary end of the
transformer.
5.5.3 Operating handle
The switch-operating handle shall be provided with a mechanism to prevent accidental movement of the
switch. Means shall be provided for padlocking the switch in each position. The maximum operating force
16
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
on the handle shall not exceed 222 N (50 lbf). As a safety feature, the switch handle to shaft interface shall
be designed so the external switch handle to shaft interface mechanism (handle or pins) breaks before any
internal switch mechanism, including the interlocks, fails.
5.5.4 Switch chamber
The switch chamber shall be of a sealed construction, preventing the interchange of fluids between the
switch chamber and the transformer tank.
5.5.5 Primary switch accessory equipment
The accessory equipment for the primary switch shall be provided and located approximately as shown in
Figure 1.
5.5.5.1 Filling provisions
The switch chamber shall be provided with a 1-inch national pipe thread (NPT) female opening equipped
with a 1-inch NPT pipe plug.
5.5.5.2 Air test provision
The air test provision shall be provided for the switch chamber and shall consist of 0.5-inch NPT opening
equipped with a 0.5-inch NPT pipe plug and shall be located above the 85 C liquid level.
5.5.5.3 Liquid-level indicator
A submersible, weld-on, non-gasketed type of magnetic liquid-level indicator with a dial (inside bezel) face
diameter approximately 75 mm (3 in) shall be provided on the switch chamber. The gauge shall have a dark
dial face with light markings and a light indicating hand. The dial markings shall show the 25 C level and
the minimum and maximum levels. The words Liquid Level shall be on the dial or on a suitable
nameplate mounted adjacent to the indicator.
5.5.5.4 Drain provisions
A globe-type drain valve (corrosion proof; rated Water/Oil/Gas WOG) with 1-in NPT threads shall be
provided on the switch chamber. The drain valve shall have a brass pipe plug in the outer end of the valve.
A non-conducting thread sealer is required. The drain valve shall be located on the side of the switch
chamber that is opposite the primary switch handle. The drainage design shall allow oil to be drained
within 13 mm (0.5 in) of the switch chamber bottom and designed so as to not allow an air bubble to rise
near the switch contacts while an oil sample is taken from the drain valve.
5.6 Secondary network protector throat
The secondary throat (Item 10 in Figure 1) shall be suitable for connecting to a network protector. A gasket
shall be provided for use between the throat and the protector. Bushings spacing, throat dimensions,
terminal details, and application shall be as specified in the Table 7 references. A minimum of 25 mm (1 in)
electrical clearance shall be maintained between live parts of different phases and live parts to ground.
17
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Table 7 Secondary throat details

Secondary voltage and kilovolt-ampere ratings
216Y/125 480Y/277 Figure
300, 500 500, 750, 1000 Figure 3
750, 1000 1500, 2000, 2500 Figure 4
5.6.1 Secondary throat shipping guard
A painted sheet steel shipping guard, fully gasketed, shall be installed over the secondary throat to prevent
mechanical and corrosive damage to the secondary bushings, external connectors, and throat flange during
shipment and storage outdoors. The throat cover shall be bolted securely to the flange of the secondary
throat. The cover shall be completely enclosed to prevent entrance of airborne chemicals or moisture that
may corrode these external parts.
5.7 Accessory equipment for transformer tanks
Accessory equipment shall be provided as part of the transformer. The approximate location of such
equipment is shown in Figure 1.
5.7.1 Tap changer
A tap changer for de-energized operation shall be provided. Each tap changer position and the associated
tap voltage shall be clearly identifiable by reference to nameplate information. All positions of the tap
changer shall be operative positions. The tap changer shall be of sealed construction so the integrity of the
main tank seal is not compromised at any time. The tap changer shall be designed with an external
operating means available under a protective cap on top of the main tank. An indicator shall clearly show
the tap position when the cap is removed. A removable tap changer operating handle shall be fastened to
the transformer cover adjacent to the tap changer, or to the tap changer protective cap. The protective cap
shall be installed with a non-conductive thread sealant to provide a secondary seal for the tap changer. All
external portions of the tap changer shall be made of corrosion resistant materials such as 300-series
stainless steel, brass, bronze, or plastic.
5.7.2 Air test provision
The air test provisions shall consist of 0.5-in NPT opening equipped with a 0.5-in NPT pipe plug and shall
be located above the 85 C liquid level.
5.7.3 Welded-on non-gasketed-type magnetic liquid-level indicator
A liquid level indicator as per 5.5.5.3 shall be provided on the tank.
5.7.4 Dial-type thermometer without alarm contacts
A dial-type thermometer shall be provided, and the diameter of the dial (inside bezel) shall be
approximately 115 mm (4.5 in). The thermometer shall be the direct-stem type, mounted in a closed well at
a suitable level to indicate the top liquid temperature. The thermometer shall have a dark dial face with
light markings, a light-colored indicating hand, and an orange-red maximum indicating hand, with
provision for resetting. The dial markings shall cover a typical range from 0 C to 200 C. The words
Liquid Temperature shall be on the dial or on a suitable nameplate mounted adjacent to the indicator.
18
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
5.7.5 Combination drain and bottom filter valve
A drain valve shall be provided and it shall be as per 5.5.5.4. This valve also acts as the bottom filter valve.
5.7.6 Filling plug and upper filter press connection
The filling plug and upper filter press connection shall be located in the cover and shall consist of a 1-in
NPT female opening with plug.
5.7.7 Ground pads
Two ground pads shall be provided, one at the bottom of the HV end of the transformer below the switch
chamber, and one at the bottom of the LV end below the network protector mounting brackets. Tank-
grounding provisions shall consist of copper-faced steel or stainless steel pads with two holes horizontally
spaced on 44.5 mm (1.75 in) centers and drilled and tapped for 0.5-in 13 unified national coarse (UNC)
thread. The ground pads shall be welded to the tank. The minimum thickness of the copper facing shall be
0.4 mm (0.015 in). The minimum threaded depth of the holes shall be 13 mm (0.5 in). Thread protection for
the ground pad shall be provided.
5.8 Dimensions
Dimensions, including the secondary flexible connectors (without the network protector attached), shall not
exceed those shown in Table 8 (for dimensions in millimeters) and Table 9 (for dimensions in inches).
These dimensions are intended to guide the user in planning vaults capable of accommodating all current
designs of network transformers covered by this standard.
19
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Table 8 Maximum tank dimensions (in millimeters)

For mineral oil immersed units
15 kV class below 25 kV class 35 kV class
Kilovolt- Wa Lb Hc c Throat Wa Lb Hc c Throat Wa Lb Hc c Throat
ampere Hd Hd Hd
rating
300 991 1981 1702 1067
500 1118 1981 1778 1219 1168 2210 1778 1397 1245 2388 1956 1473
750 1194 2134 1880 1397 1219 2362 1880 1549 1295 2540 2032 1727
1000 1321 2184 2134 1448 1397 2464 1981 1524 1473 2667 2286 1854
1500 1422 2438 2184 1575 1524 2540 2184 1651 1600 2769 2362 1956
2000 1626 2667 2464 1778 1778 2921 2261 1778 1956 2972 2667 2134
2500 1778 2667 2565 1905 1905 3277 2413 1905 2134 3327 2921 2286
For units filled with an insulating liquid other than mineral oil
300 1067 2032 1778 1067
500 1219 2083 1829 1219 1245 2210 1778 1397 1321 2388 1905 1473
750 1270 2184 2032 1397 1295 2362 1905 1549 1372 2540 2159 1727
1000 1372 2235 2134 1448 1397 2464 2159 1524 1473 2667 2286 1854
1500 1422 2438 2159 1575 1575 2565 2159 1651 1651 2769 2362 1956
2000 1626 2667 2464 1778 1778 2921 2489 1778 1956 3048 2616 2134
2500 1778 3048 2565 1905 1956 3277 2667 1905 2134 3327 2870 2286
a W is the maximum width of the transformer over all tank projections.
b L is the maximum length of the transformer and includes the secondary flexible connector (excludes the network
protector).
c H is the maximum height from floor to cover. Some customers may require an overall height restriction (to the
c
highest projection of any cover-mounted devices) and if so, shall contractually specify this.
d Throat H is the maximum height from the floor to the centerline of the throat.
Table 9 Maximum tank dimensions (in inches)

For mineral oil immersed units
15 kV class and below 25 kV class 35 kV class
Kilovolt- Wa Lb Hc c Throat Wa Lb Hc c Throat Wa Lb Hc c Throat
ampere H d H d Hd
rating
300 39 78 67 42
500 44 78 70 48 46 87 70 55 49 94 77 58
750 47 84 74 55 48 93 74 61 51 100 80 68
1000 52 86 84 57 55 97 78 60 58 105 90 73
1500 56 96 86 62 60 100 86 65 63 109 93 77
2000 64 105 97 70 70 115 89 70 77 117 105 84
2500 70 105 101 75 75 129 95 75 84 131 115 90
For units filled with an insulating liquid other than mineral oil
300 42 80 70 42
500 48 82 72 48 49 87 70 55 52 94 75 58
750 50 86 80 55 51 93 75 61 54 100 85 68
1000 54 88 84 57 55 97 85 60 58 105 90 73
1500 56 96 85 62 62 101 85 65 65 109 93 77
2000 64 105 97 70 70 115 98 70 77 120 103 84
2500 70 120 101 75 77 129 105 75 84 131 113 90
a W is the maximum width of the transformer over all tank projections.
b L is the maximum length of the transformer and includes the secondary flexible connector (excludes the network
protector).
c H is the maximum height from floor to cover. Some customers may require an overall height restriction (to the
c
highest projection of any cover-mounted devices) and if so, shall contractually specify this.
d Throat H is the maximum height from the floor to the centerline of the throat.
20
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
6. Primary disconnect and grounding switch
6.1 General
The primary disconnect and grounding switch (the network switch) shall be a three-pole, three-position
switch for disconnecting the primary feeder from the transformer and for connecting the incoming feeder to
the Ground position. The three operating positions, as well as the sequence of operation, shall be: Open,
Closed, and Ground. The network switch shall be designed so that when it is moved from Open to Ground
or from Ground to Open, a pause is enforced in the Closed position to allow time for the electrical interlock
to engage if the transformer is energized.
The network switch shall be housed in an enclosure welded to the end of the transformer tank. The switch
enclosure shall consist of a separate, sealed switch chamber (Item 18 in Figure 1). Primary entrance will be
into the switch chamber through bushing wells or bushings as detailed in Clause 7.
6.2 Network switch electrical performance requirements
6.2.1 Continuous rating
The 60 Hz continuous rating of the network switch in the Closed position shall be 200 A.
6.2.2 Short circuit rating
The network switch, in the Ground position, shall be designed to function until operations can occur that
rely on backup relaying. The magnitude and duration of the current for the short circuit ratings of the
network switch are related to the backup relay schemes. Switch designs with separate connection points for
coils and bushings shall be tested with current applied from both connection points separately.
6.2.2.1 Short circuit thermal withstand
The network switch shall be short circuit tested for thermal (I2T) withstand in the Ground position. A three-
phase short circuit will be applied with a minimum asymmetric value of 1.6 and a dc component with a
decay time no longer than 45 ms. The symmetric value of the applied short circuit shall be 15 000 amperes
rms per phase (average of the three phases to be 15 000 amperes) for 5 seconds. In the event that the test is
successfully performed and the dc component has a decay time longer than 45 ms, a repeat test will not be
required.
6.2.2.2 Peak withstand asymmetric current
The network switch shall be short circuit tested to prove it can withstand the maximum electromagnetic
short circuit forces that occur at the peak values of current in the Ground position. A three-phase short
circuit shall be applied with a minimum asymmetric value of 2.38. The symmetric value of the applied
short circuit shall be 45 000 amperes rms per phase (average of the three phases to be 45 000 amperes) for
0.2 seconds. The peak current value for each of the three phases shall be equal to or greater than 107 kA.
This can be accomplished with one test or multiple tests.
21
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
6.2.2.3 Network switch short circuit test pass/fail criteria
Successful completion of the network switch short circuit tests will be based on the following criteria.
During the test, there are to be no abrupt changes in terminal voltage or in the short-circuit current wave
shape. This will be determined from a review of the oscillographs taken during the tests.
Prior to the test, a baseline reading will be established for the torque required to operate the switch from
Closed to Ground and Ground to Closed. This torque reading shall be the torque on the switch itself. In the
event that a mechanical advantage is introduced so that the torque on the handle is less than the torque on
the switch, it shall be acceptable to either remove said mechanical advantage for purposes of the short
circuit test or calculate the force on the switch reversing the effect of the mechanical advantage. An average
value should be determined from not less than five complete Closed-to-Ground and Ground-to-Closed
cycles. The maximum and minimum values will also be recorded. Electrical resistance values of the switch
contacts will be measured in both the Closed and Ground positions for comparison upon test completion.
After the short circuit is applied, electrical resistance of the contacts of each phase in the Ground position
will be measured and recorded prior to operation of the switch. This value will be compared to the
previously established numbers.
NOTEDepending on where and how this value is measured, it is possible that the ground resistance will be greater
than the resistance of the switch. In this case, changes in resistance will be only discernible if the values change by
orders of magnitude.
The switch will then be operated from the Ground to the Closed position. The torque required for this initial
operation may increase significantly over the previously established average torque values. This value shall
be noted and provide a reference for the maximum operating torque of the switch after a short circuit of this
magnitude. The actual switch operating mechanism must be shown to provide enough strength to withstand
this maximum torque without damage. Once the switch is in the Closed position, a resistance reading of the
contacts of each phase shall be taken and recorded.
The network switch will then be mechanically operated back to the Ground position and a new resistance
reading will be taken and recorded. The switch shall then be mechanically operated 14 additional cycles
(Ground to Close to Ground). During this time, periodic measurements of torque shall be taken and
recorded. Increasing torque may be an indication that physical damage of the switch has occurred.
Resistance of each phase will be taken and recorded in the Ground position upon completion of the 14th
cycle. The switch will be returned to the Closed position and resistance taken and recorded. Changes in
contact resistance and torque will be used to ascertain any mechanical damage to the switch that may
impair function in the Closed position.
6.2.2.4 Ground circuit short circuit test
An additional short circuit test is required to verify suitability of the ground circuit. This test can be a
single-phase test. With the switch in the Ground position, the test shall be such that a minimum of 15 000
amperes rms symmetrical passes through the ground circuit for five seconds. During the test, there are to be
no abrupt changes in terminal voltage or in the short circuit current wave shape. This will be determined
from a review of the oscillographs taken during the tests. No specific values of peak current are required for
this test.
6.2.2.5 Network switch closed position short circuit test
The network switch shall also be capable of withstanding a fault in the Closed position of no less than 5000
amps for 2 s. A minimum peak current (asymmetric value) of 9000 amps will be required for this test.
22
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
6.2.2.6 System short circuit peak value criteria
Recognizing that the primary purpose of the network switch is as a final safety feature protecting personnel
involved in maintenance on, in, and around the network transformer, the peak value of short circuit current
withstand has been selected based upon industry provided data at the time of standard publication. Since
this number may, over time, change as the individual network systems evolve, it is recommended that
careful review of the individual network system values be done on a periodic basis and comparison made to
the published peak value in this standard.
6.2.2.7 Network switch and chamber safety criteria
The network switch manufacturer and transformer manufacturer may be asked to provide information that
the switch and the switch chamber, under the required conditions, will perform as follows:
a) Switch short-circuit tests exceed the standard requirement for peak current by a minimum of 10%
(this is not switch chamber specific); or
b) Switch failure mode is such that switch contacts do not open but weld together. This will be
indicated by oscillographs of applicable tests showing zero current interruption (this is not switch
chamber specific); r\or
c) Switch failure mode does not cause a loss of switch compartment integrity. That is, should the
switch failure mode demonstrated in the short-circuit tests produce an explosive effect, the switch
compartment will not rupture. This may require additional testing in specific switch chamber
designs.
NOTEConditions b) and c) may render the switch unusable after a short-circuit fault in the field but may provide
additional protection for personnel in and around the network transformer and switch during the event.
6.2.3 Interrupting rating
The disconnecting and grounding switch have one of the two interrupting ratings described in 6.2.3.1 and
6.2.3.2.
6.2.3.1 No interrupting rating (dead break)
This requires that the transformer be totally de-energized before the switch mechanism can be operated.
6.2.3.2 Magnetizing current interrupting rating (mag-break)
This switch shall be designed to open the primary when only magnetizing current is present. The switch
will not operate while a load is present on the secondary. The switch shall have operational protection as
specified in 6.2.6.1 or 6.2.6.2. The magnetizing current interrupting mechanism shall be designed so that,
regardless of the speed at which the switch handle is moved from the Closed position to the Open position,
no damage will occur to the main contacts of the switch.
6.2.4 Dielectric requirements in closed position
The switch shall, as a minimum, be designed to meet the same dielectric values of the transformer to which
it is connected. The switch shall be connected to the transformer while dielectric tests are being performed
on the transformer.
23
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
6.2.5 Dielectric requirements in open position
The dielectric strength of the switch in the Open position shall permit five minute dc cable tests in the field
as shown in Table 10. Recognizing that some facilities may only have ac test equipment, an equivalent ac
test can be performed and is listed in Table 10.
Table 10 Cable test requirements

Switch Cable test Cable test
(kV) (kV) dc 5 minutes (kV) ac rms 5 minutes
15 45 32
24 65 46
34.5 85 60
6.2.6 Electrical interlock
6.2.6.1 Interlock protection when no interrupting rating is required
An electrical interlock shall prevent movement of the switch from any position when the transformer is
energized.
6.2.6.2 Interlock protection when magnetizing current interruption is required
An electrical interlock shall be provided to prevent movement of the switch operating mechanism while the
network protector is in the Closed position. This interlock will permit the switch to operate from the Closed
position to the Open position with the primary feeder energized and the network protector in the Open
position. This interlock shall lock when de-energized.
A second electrical interlock shall be provided to prevent switch movement into the Ground position while
the transformer is energized.
6.2.6.3 Interlock testing
The electrical interlock coil shall be routine tested with, and shall withstand, the same 60 Hz, 1 min
dielectric test as the secondary winding.
6.2.6.4 Operating values
The interlock shall be routine tested for pickup and dropout at the voltages shown in Table 11.
Additionally, a temperature rise check conducted in air (and not in the switch chamber fluid) on the
interlock coils (solenoids) is required as a routine test. For this check, 105% of rated excitation voltage
shall be applied for five minutes and the coil temperature shall not rise more than 30 C.
Table 11 Interlock coil requirements

Coil Maximum pickup Dropout voltage Maximum excitation
voltage voltage voltage
125 90 15 to 75 140
277 200 33 to 166 310
24
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
6.2.6.5 Interlock assembly
The interlock assembly shall be such that, with the locking lug or latch mechanism blocked and the coil
energized at the maximum excitation voltage indicated in Table 11, the functional performance of the coil
will not be impaired.
7. Bushings
7.1 Bushings and bushing wells
Entrance shall be by means of bushings or bushing wells (meeting the requirements of IEEE Std 386) for
connection to the distribution system through adapters, separable insulated connectors, or both. The user
should evaluate and select the primary incoming bushings. Noting that the incoming bushing experiences
the same fault currents as the primary switch, selection may be evaluated based on the effectiveness of the
bushing components to withstand the rated short circuit currents and associated times of withstand defined
in this standard (6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2). The available fault capacity of the individual system along with
effective time of the system protection scheme to clear the fault may allow for withstand levels of
individual components to be less than the requirements of the specified network switch requirements.
Particular attention should be paid to the bushing current carrying elements to ensure they can withstand
the current/time values without melting or losing mechanical strength due to reaching annealing
temperatures. See Annex B.
Unless otherwise specified by the user, the bushings or bushing wells shall be located on the top of the
primary switch chamber except when using 35 kV 600 amp bushings (see Figure 1), in which case they will
be located on the front of the primary switch chamber. The inside (under oil) part of the bushings or
bushing wells shall not be used to support switch contacts in any way. Only flexible leads may be
connected to these bushings.
7.2 Primary bushings between main tank and switch chamber
The primary bushings between the main tank and the switch chamber shall be sealed to prevent the
interchange of liquids between compartments. The insulators of the bushings shall be replaceable from the
switch chamber.
7.3 Secondary bushings
The secondary bushings shall be located inside the secondary throat and shall be brazed or welded to the
tank. The external portion of the bushing shall consist of a threaded copper stud suitable for threading on
the secondary flexible connector. Bushings shall be located on the end wall as indicated in Figure 1, Figure
3, and Figure 4. The bushings shall be externally replaceable. Disconnecting the secondary leads from the
insides of the secondary bushings through the handhole cover may be necessary before removing the
bushings.
7.3.1 Secondary flexible connectors
Copper secondary flexible connectors, with dimensions per Figure 3 or Figure 4, shall be fixed to the ends
of the secondary bushings to make the connection to the network protector bus bars. The flexible
25
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
connectors shall consist of a copper split block (see Figure 5) for threading onto the secondary bushing, a
terminal for bolting to the network protector bus bar, and flexible laminations that are bolted and/or brazed
to the terminal and split block. The terminal shall be made up of a tin or silver plated copper face plate that
bolts against the network protector bus bar, a corrosion resistant backing plate complete with four threaded
holes, and the flexible copper laminations between the copper face plate and the backing plates. The
flexible connectors shall provide for vertical and in-out movement of the terminal end, and be of a semi-
rigid design, flexible enough to allow alignment with the network protector bus bars, but rigid enough that
they do not sag appreciably on removal of the network protector bolting hardware. The flexible connector
design shall inherently allow for minimum 25 mm (1 in) electrical clearances to the ground planes of both
the transformer secondary throat and the opening in the network protector.
7.4 Terminal markings
External primary and secondary terminal markings shall be in accordance with Figure 1. The terminal
markings shall be welded letters or stainless steel tags or brass tags.
8. Neutral termination
8.1 Primary neutral
The primary neutral of wye-wye units shall be internally connected to the secondary neutral, with provision
for opening the connection for testing. This connection shall be accessible through a handhole located on
the cover.
8.2 Secondary neutral
A fully rated secondary neutral complying with the requirements in Table 12 shall be as follows:
a) A blade welded through the tank wall, or directly to the tank opposite an internal boss, pad, or
blade; or
b) A fully-insulated bushing when specified by the user.
If a welded blade is used, the blade shall be made of copper, with tin plating in the contact area, or shall be
made of a 300-series stainless steel, and be sized for the short-circuit rating of the transformer.
If a bushing is used, removable ground straps, sized for the short-circuit rating of the transformer, shall be
provided and connected between the neutral bushing and a ground pad. The ground pad shall have two
tapped holes, each 0.5-in 13-UNC, 13 mm (0.5 in) deep, welded to the tank wall, and located a minimum of
300 mm (12 in) from the bushing center.
Table 12 Secondary neutral

Secondary rating (kVA)
216Y/125 480Y/277 Number of holes
300, 500 500, 750, 1000, 1500 4
750, 1000 2000, 2500 6
26
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
9. Nameplate
A 300-series stainless steel nameplate shall be mounted on the primary end of the transformer, either on the
switch chamber cover, terminal chamber cover, or the tank wall as shown in Figure 1. For safety reasons, if
studs are used to mount the nameplates, the ends of the studs should be covered with acorn nuts or
something similar. The nameplate shall conform to the requirements of the nameplate C as described in
IEEE Std C57.12.00 and shall be modified to include the following:
a) Type (subway or vault)

b) The words Network Transformer
c) Approximate volume of liquid in switch chamber
d) Approximate volume of liquid in terminal chamber (when applicable)
e) Approximate volume of liquid in transformer
f) Interlock coils and connections
g) Make and type of network switch
10. Connections of transformer for shipment by manufacturer

The transformer shall be shipped connected for the rated high voltage.
27
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Figure 1 Location of accessories (three-position disconnecting and grounding switch)
28
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Figure 2 Primary chamber and bushing details
29
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 600 V and Below; Subway and Vault Types (Liquid
Immersed)
Figure 3 Transformer throat for mounting network protector

Low voltage 216Y/125 V, 300500 kVA; Low voltage 480Y/277 V, 5001000 kVA
30
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 600 V and Below; Subway and Vault Types (Liquid
Immersed)
Figure 4 Transformer throat mounting for network protector

Low voltage 216Y/125 V, 7501000 kVA; Low voltage 480Y/277 V, 15002500 kVA
31
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Figure 5 Typical split block for LV flex connectors

(see 7.3.1)
32
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
Bibliographical references are resources that provide additional or helpful material but do not need to be
understood or used to implement this standard. Reference to these resources is made for informational use
only.
[B1] ANSI C57.12.70-2000 (Reaff 2006), American National Standard for Terminal Markings and
Connections for Distribution and Power Transformers. 4
[B2] ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983 (R1992), Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch). 5
[B3] IEEE Std C57.91, IEEE Standard Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers. 6
4
ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor,
New York, NY 10036, USA (http://www.ansi.org/).
5
ASME publications are available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990,
USA (http://www.asme.org/).
6
IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).
33
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
Annex B
(informative)
Coordination of bushing selection and application
As noted in the standard, the network grounding switch, shall withstand certain short-circuit currents when
in the ground position. This is done as a safety feature to allow adequate time for system protection
schemes to react and respond to the situation on the network. (See 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 for required
withstands.)
It should be noted and understood that when the network switch is in the ground position the network
system is connected to the network switch via the primary bushings and the connectors (cable) between
those bushings and the network switch. Those bushings and cables now essentially become an integral part
of the overall network switch and see the same fault levels as the network switch. Thus they must be able to
withstand the expected fault currents.
An end user must distinguish the requirements of the primary bushings with respect to the location of the
network transformer on his system. For example, a single feed, radial network may not have a very high
asymmetric fault capacity while a multiple feed integrated network might have the highest possible
asymmetric fault capacity. Both types may have low-level fault capacities that need to be considered with
respect to the thermal capacity of the individual items (bushings, cables) and should be done in the manner
of short term, all heat stored temperature rise calculations (I2t). There are a variety of separable connector-
type bushings that have various levels of fault current withstand. The user needs to evaluate his actual
available fault capacity at the point in his system where these bushings will be located. Remember that this
event occurs when the switch is in the ground position (a bolted, zero impedance three-phase ground) and
therefore only system impedance limits the fault since the transformer itself is not part of the circuit.
Areas to consider are twofold and are as follows:
a) Low level faults (15000 A for up to 5 s possibly occurring when one phase does not open
upstream)
b) High asymmetric value faults (45 kA rms 107 kA peak for 0.2 s)
In the case of low-level faults, connections and bushings must be evaluated from a thermal sense. That is,
assuming all heat stored for the given rms current, will the bushings and cables stay below the material
melting or annealing points? If the annealing temperature is exceeded, will the bushing and cable maintain
their strength requirements? There are straightforward calculations for conductor temperature rise that use
current, time, bare conductor size, and conductor material to give very good estimates. An approximation
derived from IEEE Std C57.12.00 for the final temperature of a conductor based on all heat stored with no
eddy currents assumed, is as follows:
T

antilog10 KD 2 t1011 log10 T 0 T T

where
T is the final temperature of material in degrees Centigrade

D is the current density in amperes per square inch
t is the time in seconds
T0 is the initial temperature in degrees Centigrade
34
IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017
K is 2.08 for copper and 4.93 for aluminum

T is 234.5 for copper and 225 for aluminum
The following is a sampling of available ratings for primary bushings and separable connectors applicable
to this transformer standard at the time of publication of this standard.
Figure B.1Sampling of available ratings
35

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IEEE Standard for Network, Three-Phase

Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller;

IEEE Power and Energy Society

IEEE IEEE Std C57.12.40-2017

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Copyright 2017 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

PDF: STD22639 ISBN: 978-1-5044-4112-4

Notice and Disclaimer of Liability Concerning the Use of IEEE Standards

Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board

Laws and regulations

Brian Klaponski, Chair

Edward Bertolini Said Hachichi Adam Sewell

Peter Balma Charles Johnson Alvaro Portillo

Jean-Philippe Faure, Chair

Chuck Adams Joseph L. Koepfinger* Robby Robson

3. Transformer performance requirements ................................................................................................... 11

6. Primary disconnect and grounding switch ................................................................................................ 21

8. Neutral termination ................................................................................................................................... 26

10. Connections of transformer for shipment by manufacturer .................................................................... 27

Annex A (informative) Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 33

Annex B (informative) Coordination of bushing selection and application ................................................. 34

IEEE Std C57.12.32, IEEE Standard for Submersible EquipmentEnclosure Integrity.

3. Transformer performance requirements

3.1 Kilovolt-ampere ratings

Kilovolt-ampere ratings shall be as specified in Table 1.

Table 1 Kilovolt-ampere ratings

3.2 Voltage rating and tap ratings

3.3 Angular displacement

3.4 Basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BILs)

3.5 Percent impedance

3.5.1 Tolerance for impedance on a tap

3.6 Audible sound levels

Table 4 Audible sound levels

5.2 Corrosion resistance

5.2.1 Transformer enclosure

Table 5 Copper-bearing Steel Minimum material thickness

Table 6 Stainless Steel Minimum material thickness

5.2.3 Other materials

5.3.2 Transformer with sub-base

a) 25 mm (1.0 in) thick mild steel

5.3.4 Lifting lugs

5.3.5 Lifting and jacking provisions

5.4 Cooling panels

5.5 Primary switch chamber

5.5.1 Primary switch chamber cover

5.5.1.1 Switch chamber fluid

5.5.2 Primary switch operating positions markings

5.5.3 Operating handle

5.5.4 Switch chamber

5.5.5 Primary switch accessory equipment

5.5.5.1 Filling provisions

5.5.5.2 Air test provision

5.5.5.3 Liquid-level indicator

5.5.5.4 Drain provisions

5.6 Secondary network protector throat

Table 7 Secondary throat details

5.6.1 Secondary throat shipping guard

5.7 Accessory equipment for transformer tanks

5.7.1 Tap changer

5.7.2 Air test provision

5.7.3 Welded-on non-gasketed-type magnetic liquid-level indicator

A liquid level indicator as per 5.5.5.3 shall be provided on the tank.

5.7.4 Dial-type thermometer without alarm contacts