MITOS

Andika Indrayana, S.Sn., M.Ds.

apa yang Anda ketahui tentang:
13
 MITOS

A myth is a story by which a

culture explains or understands
some aspect of reality or nature
speech, thought, story, myth, anything
delivered by word of mouth
dictionary.com
Human beings have always been
mythmakers
- Karen Armstrong -
 MITOS

any invented story, idea, or concept

an imaginary or fictitious thing or person

an unproved or false collective belief that is

used to justify a social institution
dictionary.com
 MITOS & TANDA

1 signifier (penanda) 2 signified (petanda)

13
3 denotative sign (tanda denotatif)

4 connotative signifier (penanda konotatif) 5 connotative signified (petanda konotatif)

6 connotative sign (tanda konotatif)

mitos dibangun oleh suatu rantai pemaknaan yang telah ada

sebelumnya atau, dengan kata lain, mitos adalah juga suatu
sistem pemaknaan tataran kedua
Alex Sobur, Semiotika Komunikasi
 MITOS

Creator | God | Demigods & culture heroes |

Cosmogony & cosmology | Topographical
feature of the earth | Establishment of natural
order | Creation & ordering of human life |
Creation & animal life | Animal characteristics |
Origin of trees & plants | Origin of plant
Thomson dalam Danandjaja. Folklor Indonesia, Ilmu Gosip, Dongeng, dan lain-lain
 RELASI MITOS & NARASI LAIN

Fairy
Legenda tales

Fables
Parables
Cerita
Saga rakyat
(Folktales/
Folklore)
Epics
 LEGENDA

legends usually involve

heroic characters or
fantastic places and often
encompass the spiritual
beliefs of the culture in
which they originate
myths.e2bn.org
 MITOS

Mitos tradisional:
hidup/mati, manusia/Tuhan, baik/buruk, dewa, alam
semesta, fenomena alam, reinkarnasi, dsb.
(metafisik, doktrin, kebenaran berbasis masa lalu)

Mitos modern:
maskulinitas/femininitas,
pekerjaan, kesuksesan, dsb.
(sains/rasionalitas, hipotesis, kemajuan)
 FUNGSI MITOS
JOSEPH CAMPBELL - KOSMOLOGIS

to evoke in the individual a sense of grateful,

affirmative awe before the monstrous
mystery that is existence
to present an image of the cosmos, an image
of the universe round about, that will
maintain and elicit this experience of awe
to present an image of the cosmos that will
maintain yout sense of mystical awe and
explain everything that you come into contact
with in the universe around you
 FUNGSI MITOS
JOSEPH CAMPBELL - SOSIOLOGIS & PEDAGOGIS

validate and maintain a certain sociological system: a shared

set of rights and wrong, properties of improprieties, on
which your particular social unit depends for its existence
ritual, tabu, nilai, ideologi, dsb
 FUNGSI MITOS
JOSEPH CAMPBELL - PSIKOLOGIS

carry the individual through the stages of his life, from birth
through maturity through senility to death
kemantapan kepribadian

in accords with the social order of his group, the

cosmos as understood by his group, and the monstrous
mystery
 MITOS & IDEOLOGI

IDEOLOGI
A system of beliefs characteristic of a particular class or
group
A system of illusory beliefs false ideas or false
consciousness which can be contrasted with true or
scientific knowledge
The general process of the production of meanings and ideas
linguistic or cultural products or social practices of meaning
that do not necessarily exist in the minds of individuals but
that individuals use in understanding the social world
orang dapat saja mengerti mitos-mitos yang
sudah sangat tua, namun tak ada yang abadi;
sebab sejarah manusialah yang mengubah
realitas menjadi wicara, dan sejarah inilah
mengatur hidup matinya bahasa mitis
Roland Barthes, Mitologi
MITOS & RITUAL
Ritual sendiri merupakan rangsangan bagi lahirnya mitos
Ritual sudah ada, dan cerita muncul dari keinginan untuk
menjelaskan keberadaan itu

Franz Boaz dalam Mariasusai Dhavamony. Fenomenologi Agama

MITOS & RITUAL
MITOS & TOTEM

system of belief in which

humans are said to have kinship
or a mystical relationship with a
spirit-being, such as an animal
or plant. The entity, or totem, is
thought to interact with a given
kin group or an individual and to
serve as their emblem or
symbol
(britannica.com)
MITOS MODERN
MITOS MODERN
 MITOS & FETISH

sifat-sifat supranatural, kekuatan magis, atau daya

persona tertentu yang terkandung di dalam objek-objek
(catatan kuliah Desain dan Kebudayaan)

Fetisisme antropologi (terkait dengan totemisme)

Fetisisme seksual
Fetisisme komoditi
MITOS & FETISH

Personifikasi produk
 MITOS & FETISH

Tugas dilakukan secara efisien/cepat

 MITOS & FETISH

Keadaan selesai/hasil akhir

 MITOS & FETISH

Kontrol atas alam (white magic)

 MITOS & FETISH

Kontrol atas orang (black magic)

MITOS & FETISH

Transformasi diri
MITOS & FETISH

Kepuasan emosional
MITOS & FETISH

Reaksi emosional
MITOS & DESAIN

mitos sebagai komoditas

 MITOS & DESAIN

mengawetkan ideologi (maskulin, feminin, dsb)

 MITOS & DESAIN

mengawetkan ideologi (kesuksesan, kecanggihan, dsb)

 MITOS & DESAIN

reproduksi mitos (legenda, epik, saga, dsb)

MITOS & DESAIN

dekonstruksi mitos
 MITOS & DESAIN

membangun personalitas merek/brand seperti pada mitos

yang menjadi referennya
SEKIAN