RESEARCH 1 CRITICAL research exhibits careful and precise judgement.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is a composed of two words, re and search. re
is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again and search is a
verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try,
or to probe or to study thoroughly. Together they form a noun
describing a careful, systematic, patient study and
investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to
establish fats or principles.
the systematic investigation into and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions. (Wikipedia.com)
research is the systematic investigation into and study of
materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach
new conclusions. b. an endeavour to discover new or collate
old facts etc by the scientific study of a subject or by a course
of critical investigation. [Oxford Concise Dictionary]
GOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCHER
Intellectual Curiosity
Prudence
Healthy Criticism
Intellectual Honesty
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL - is based on direct experience or observation by the
researcher
LOGICAL- is based on valid procedure and principles
CYCLICAL- it starts with a problem and ends with a problem
ANALYTICAL research utilized proven analytical procedures in
gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental or
case study
REPLICABILITY design and procedures are replicated to enable
the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
RESEARCH VS. COMMON SENSE
The difference is that an observation made by the researcher
should be systematic, arguable and challengeable.
RESEARCH CAN BE CLASSIFIED TO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES. THEY
MAY BE GROUPED ACCORDING TO;
IMPORTANCE
METHOD
PROCESS
PURPOSE
LOCALE
ACCORDING TO IMPORTANCE
BASIC RESEARCH IS DESIGNED TO ADVANCE
KNOWLEDGEMENT WITH NO APPLICATION TO
EXISTING PROBLEMS IN VIEW.( LEARNING MORE
ABOUT A PHENOMENA)
APPLIED RESEARCH SURVEY RESEARCH OR
MARKETING RESEARCH, THIS IS THE ART AND
SCIENCE OF SYSTEMATICALLY ASKINFG
QUESTIONS AND OBSERVING BEHAVIOR TO
OBTAIN INFORMATION FROM A POPULATON OF
INTEREST.
ACCORDING TO METHOD
Qualitative research- Explores attitudes, behavior
and experiences through such methods as interviews
or focus groups
Quantitative research - Generates statistics through
the use of large-scale survey research, using methods
such as questionnaires or structured interviews.
 in which we live and why things are the way they are. It is concerned with
ACCORDING TO PROCESS the social aspects of our world and seeks to answer questions

PURE RESEARCH
TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH
ACTION RESEARCH

ACCORDING PURPOSE Ethnography

Case study
ANALYTICAL A RESEARCH THAT USES Document or content Analysis
EVIDENCE TO ANALYZE THE DIFFERENT FACETS Naturalistic Observations
OR SIDES OF AN ISSUE Focused Interviews
ARGUMENTATIVE ONE THAT USES EVIDENCE Phenomenological studies
TO ATTEMPT TO CONVINCE THE READER OF A Grounded Theory
PARTICULAR STANCE OR VIEW Historical Research
EXPLORATORY HARDLY ANYTHING KNOWN IS
ABOUT THE MATTER AT THE OURSET OF THE
PROJECT.

ACCORDING TO LOCALE

LIBRARY RESEARCH WHERE ANSWER TO

SPECIFIC QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS OF THE
STUDY ARE AVAILABLE.
FIELD RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN A NATURAL
WAY SETTING. NO CHANGES ARE MADE IN THE
ENVIRONMENT.
LABORATORY RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN
ARTFICIALOR CONTROLLED CONDITIONSBY
ISOLATING THE STUDY
INRIGOROUSLYSPECIFIEDAND
OPERATIONALIZED AREA

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social

phenomena. That is to say, it aims to help us to understand the social world