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MHENDSLK FAKLTES
FZ465 ENERJ
Introduction
Geothermal Power and
Geothermal Energy
Ceren Sources
21023691 GENALOLU Geothermal Occurrence
Geothermal Regions of
The World
Geothermal Electric
Power Generation
CONTENTS
Introduction
Geothermal Occurrence
Geothermal Power
The word geothermal comes from Greek words geo (earth) and thermal (heat)
meaning heat derived from the earth.It is the thermal energy contained in the fluids of
rocks that is filled in the fractures and pore spaces within the upper crust. Heat is
transferred by fluids and is stored in reservoirs. The heat energy is obtained from hot
water, steam, dry steam and hot dry rocks.
Easily produced
Geothermal Occurrence
The heat is provided by that hot magma mass and due to geological changes, molten
rocks formed in the deeper hot magma of the earth's crust are pushed upward and
trapped in certain regions called hot spots. When the underground water comes in
the contact with hotstop, steam is generated. These waters are rich in
minerals.Heated water rises and water is removed out of the cracks in the vapor
phase.
The steam trapped in rocks is routed through a pipe to a turbine and use to generate
electricity
Geothermal Electric Power Generation Systems
Dry Steam Power Plant
This is the oldest and simple type of geothermal power plant. These plants are mainly
used to areas located in saturated and hot geothermal steam. Dry Steam Plants use
hydrothermal fluids that have to be dry steam. The dry steam will be directed to a
turbine, which drives a generator that produces electricity. The steam eliminates the
need to burn fossil fuels to run the turbine. For dry steam resources either
atmospheric exhaust turbines or condensing steam turbines are used.
Atmospheric exhaust steam turbines are the simplest and, in capital cost, the
cheapest of all geothermal cycles.
Geysers is the worlds largest single source of geothermal power. These plants emit
only excess steam and very minor amounts of non condensable gases.
This is the most common type of geothermal power plant.Hydrothermal fluids above
182C can be used in flash plants to make electricity. The steam, once it has been
separated from the water, is piped to the powerhouse where it is used to drive the
steam turbine. The steam is condensed after leaving the turbine, creating a partial
vacuum and thereby maximizing the power generated by the turbine-generator. The
steam is usually condensed either in a direct contact condenser, or a heat exchanger
type condenser. In a direct contact condenser the cooling water from the cooling
tower is sprayed onto and mixes with the steam. The condensed steam then forms
part of the cooling water circuit, and a substantial portion is subsequently evaporated
and is dispersed into the atmosphere through the cooling tower. Excess cooling
water called blow down is often disposed of in shallow injection wells.
Binary Cycle Power Plant
A binary cycle power plant is a type of geothermal power plant that allows cooler
geothermal reservoirs to be used. Pumps are used to pump hot water from a
geothermal well, through a heat exchanger and the cooled water is returned to the
underground reservoir. A second working or binary fluid with a low boiling point is
pumped at high pressure through the heat exchanger, where it is vaporized and then
directed through a turbine.
The vapor exiting yhe turbine is then condensed by cold air radiators or cold water
and cycled back through the heat exchanger.
Combine Single Flash Binary Cycle Power Plant
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