UNIT IVSOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT]Objectives

Developing and modernizing the technologies without losing our soundtraditional values and
practices is essential.
Sustainable development
Meeting the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of futuregenerations, to meet
their own needs.
True sustainable development
Optimum use of natural resources with high degree of reusability, minimumwastage, least
generation of toxic by products and maximum productivity.
Dimensions of sustainable development
Multi dimensional concept derived from interactions between society, economyand
environment.
Aspects of sustainable development
i . I n t e r - g e n e r a t i o n a l e q u i t y i i . I n t r a -
g e n e r a t i o n a l e q u i t y
Approaches for sustainable development
1.Developing appropriate technology - locally adaptable, eco -friendly,
resourceefficient and culturally suitable.2.Reduce, reuse, recycle [3R] approach
reduces waste generation and pollution3.Providing environmenta l education and
awareness changing attitude of the people4.Consumption of renewable resources
attain sustainability5.Conservation of non renewable resources conserved by
recycling and reusing6 . P o p u l a t i o n c o n t r o l
Urban problems related to energy
1.Causes for urbanization2.energy demanding
a c t i v i t i e s 3.solution for urban energy problem
Water conservation
The process of saving water for future utilization Need for water conservation1 . c h a n g e s i n
environmental factors2 . b e t t e r l i f e s t y l e s 3 . i n c r e a s e i n
population4 . d e f o r e s t i o n

5.over exploitation of ground water 6.agricultural and industrial

a c t i v i t i e s 7.
Strategies of water conservation
1.Reducing evaporation losses2.reducing irrigation
l o s s e s 3 . r e u s e o f w a t e r 4.preventing of wastage of
water 5 . d e c r e a s i n g r u n - o f f l o s s e s 6 . a v o i d d i s c h a r g e o f s e w a g e
Methods of water conservation
1.Rain water harvesting- A technique of capturing and storing of rain water
for further utilization.Objectives of rain water harvesting1 . i n c r e a s i n g
d e m a n d s 2.recharging the ground water 3.reducing the ground
w a t e r 4 . i n c r e a s e i n h y d r o s t a t i c p r e s s u r e 2.Water shed management The
management of rainfall and resultant run -off Factors affecting
watershed1 . U n p l a n n e d l a n d
u s e ] 2 . d e f o r e s t a t i o n 3 . d r o u g h t l y c l i m a t e s Objectives1 . T o
m i n i m i z e o f r i s k o f f l o o d s 2 . F o r i m p r o v i n g t h e e c o n o m y 3.for
development al activities4.To generat e huge employm e nt
opportunities5 . T o p r o m o t e f o r e s t r y 6 . T o p r o t e c t s o i l f r o m
erosion
Resettlement and Rehabilitation of people
Causes1 . D u e t o D e v e l o p m e n t a l a c t i v i t i e s 2 . D u e t o
D i s a s t e r 3 . D u e t o c o n s e r v a t i o n i n i t i a t i v e s Rehabilitation
issues1 . D i s p l a c e m e n t o f t r i b a l s i n c r e a s e s p o v e r t y 2 . B r e a k u p o f
f a m i l i e s 3.Communal ownership of propert y4.vanishing social and
cultural activities