IASbaba- Revise Culture Related Terms-Part 5

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IASbaba

This is the compilation from CCRT and NIOS Hope it helps

Art Form Tribe Key features Place

ChadarBadar Santhal Performing Art Puppetry that tells Terai region of

stories of Santhal way of life and himalayas
migration

Saura Saura Painting Similar to Warli but larger Odisha

and elongated. Natural colors are
used

Kalaripayattu Martial art One of the oldest fighting Kerala

systems in existence

Silambam Martial art Weapon based martial Tamilnadu

art. Uses animal movements of tiger,
snake, eagle forms and foot work
patterns plays an important role;
Kuttuvarasai part of silambam
unarmed version

Pari-Khanda Rajputs Martial art Sword and shield Bihar

fighting. Techniques are also used in
chau dance

Kondapalli dolls Sculpture Made from soft Poniki Andhrapradesh

wood light, flexible and strong.

made piece by piece and are stuck

together using an adhesive paste
made of tamarind seeds, followed
with a coating of lime glue.

Channapatna toys traditional craft that is protected as a Karnataka

geographical indication (GI) under the
World Trade Organisation.

Natural dyes are used to colour the

toys and are blended with lac to make
lac sticks which are then applied to
the finished wooden objects. This age
old traditional art dates back to the
reign of Tipu Sultan who is said to
have invited Persian artists to teach
his artisans the craft.

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Marapachi dolls A male-female/raja-rani dolls usually Andhra Pradesh
gifted to bride in marriage. Made from
kongu trees.

known for their intricate carvings and

the elaborate attires that people dress
them in.

Made in Tirupati

Tanjavur dolls Included in the Government of India Tamilnadu

Geographical Indications Registry, the
dancing dolls made of wood pulp or
papiermach or clay. They are called
so because of their bobbing head and
body, that are made separately and
balanced such that the parts oscillate.

Matka silk In towns of Malda Matka is an Indian term for rough West Bengal
and Murshidabad handloom silk fabric made from very
thick yarns spun out of
pierced cocoon in the weft and
organzine in warp. The yarns are
obtained from short ends of silk
from Mulberry silkworms
(Bombyxmori) and spun by hand
without removing the gum (sericin)

Aari Embroidery Handicrafts needle work with beads Kutch, Lucknow,

or muthai and chain stitch; inspired by Uttar
the floral motifs of Mughal period Pradesh, Rajasthan,
and Delhi

Baluchari Saree Weaving -It is a hand woven saree Baluchar,

using richly dyed silk, with intricate Murshidabad, West
motifs depicting Indian mythology Bengal
woven onto its large pallu.

Lavani / Tamasha Dhangars or Maharashtrian folk including song and Maharashtra and
shepherds of dance konkan coast.
Sholapur

Kalbelia Kalbelia tribe The dance form consists of swirling, Rajasthan

graceful movements that make this
dance a treat to behold. Women
dance while men provide music for
the performance.

Kalbelia dance and songs are a part

of UNESCOs representative list of
Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity.
Musical instrument used Pungi
the one used by snake charmers

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Bhavai dance It involves tricky balancing acts, right Rajasthan
from balancing seven to nine brass
pots on the head to balancing oneself
(along with the pots) on narrow and
unstable objects like a glass bottle,
brass plate or the edge of a sword.
The brass pots can, and are often,
substituted by an even greater
number of earthen pots.
P.S. : A theatrical form of Gujarat is
also called Bhavai

Bhangra Harvest dance energetic and Punjab

rhythmic performed by both men
and women

Dandiya Dance using bright colored bamboo Gujarat

sticks where participants strike the
bamboo sticks in rhythmic fashion.
Dancers go round a drummer usually
at the centre of the stage

Garba Dance form also originated in Gujarat Gujarat

but uses hand and feet movement;
traditionally performed around a holy
lamp

Giddha Performed only by women in Punjab. Punjab

Female counterpart to Bhangra

Ghoomar Bhil A traditionally passed folk dance of Rajasthan

Mewar of Rajasthan includes rhythmic
swirling. Womens dance performed
in women gatherings.

Chari Gujjar Womens dance form depicting Rajasthan

collecting of water. Women dance by
balancing brass pots which are kept
ignited with the cotton seeds dipped
in oil

Gawari Bhil A dance drama performed by both Rajasthan

men and women. Usually performed
by troupes which travel from one
village to another

Kath Puthli Bhati World famous wooden puppetry of Rajasthan

Rajasthan. Wooden puppets are
controlled by metal strings

Made of single piece of wood and are

colorfully dressed

Teratali Kamar Worship of baba ramdev. Bhajans are Rajasthan

sung during the performance

Walar Gharasia Prototype for ghoomar. Performed by Rajasthan

women

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SutaKhandeiNacha String puppet show from Ganjam Odisha
/ Kundhei
Strings are attached to a triangular
wooden prop

Costumes are similar to Jatra

performances.

Puppets have no legs and have long

skirts

Have more joints and are therefore

more versatile, articulate and easy to
manipulate

Baunsa Rani Baunsarani literally means The Odisha

Bamboo Queen. Mainly little girls
exhibit various acrobatic postures on
the crossed bamboo bar as well as on
the floor with exquisite scintillating
movement synchronized with the beat
of drums and songs.

KommuKoya Kommukoya tribe Dance form of Chintoormandal, east Andhra Pradesh

Godavari district

Daminda Apatani Performed by girls during Dree Arunachal Pradesh

festival

Guravayyalu Kurava Performed by priests. Famous in Andhra Pradesh

Kurnool. Influenced by shaivism

Chikankari Needlework White thread is Lucknow,UP

embroidered on cool, pastel shades of
light muslin and cotton garments.
Fabric is usually thin else the needle
would not pierce. Geographic
indication provided in 2008

Phulkari Believed to have Needle work -use of darn stitch on the Punjab
been introduced by wrong side of coarse cotton cloth with
Jats but practiced coloured silken thread. Punjabi
by Punjabi women women created innumerable alluring
and interesting designs and patterns
by their skilful manipulation of the
darn stitch.
Named based on extent of needle
work
Phulkari Shawls and head scarfs

Bagh Work covering the entire

fabric

Adhabagh scattered work all along

the fabric

Kantha Needle work Running stitch all Birbhum, West

along the cloth. Bengal
Also used in making cushions, quills,
beds etc by stacking old sarees

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Patola Intricate tie and dye process where Originally in Gujarat,
the yarn is dyed before weaving. Also also famous in
called double ikat Odisha

PatanPatolaof Gujarat has GI

Kashida Needlework Kashmiri embroidery Kashmir

It draws inspiration from nature. Birds,
blossoms and flowers, creepers,
chinar leaves, ghobi, mangoes, lotus,
and trees are the most common
themes.

Kasuthi Believed to be involves embroidering very intricate Karnataka

brought to patterns like gopura,
Karnataka by the chariot, palanquin, lamps and conch
Lambani tribe shells on traditional silk and Ilkal
followed by women sarees.
courtiers of Mysore
dynasty. The work is laborious and involves
counting of each thread on the cloth.
The patterns are stitched without
using knots to ensure that both sides
of the cloth look alike.
Karnataka Handicrafts Development
Corporation holds GI for this art.

Jamdani Jamdani is a fine muslin cloth on Venkatagiri, Andhra

which decorative motifs are woven on Pradesh
the loom, typically in grey and white.
Often a mixture of cotton and gold
thread were/was used.

Traditionally woven in Dhaka,

Bangladesh

Venkatagiri in Andhra Pradesh is

famous for this form of weaving

In news as PM Narendra Modi

presented a tapestry depicting
Kamadhenu and Kalpavriksha to
Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina

Pattachitra Artists known as Painting cloth based scroll painting. Odisha

chitrakaras with title Usually Hindu deities Jagannath
Mohapatra or and vaishnava cult are depicted
Maharana
Woman members prepare the glue,
the canvas and apply colours what we
call the fill-in, and give the final
lacquer coating. The master hand,
mostly the male member, draws the
initial line and gives the final finishing.
Patta paintings are done on small
strips of cotton cloth
Talapattachitra a variation where
palm leaves are used as canvas

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Kalighat paintings Simple painting form developed West Bengal
around Kalighat under British
patronage by artists called patuas

Uses water colors

Painted with bright colors on clear

background

Mithila / pictures using vegetable colour and a Mithila of Bihar

Madhubani few earthen colours

Finished in black lines on cow dung

treated with paper

Mostly depicts Hindu mythology

Marks seasonal festivals and life

events

Intricate flora, animal and bird motifs

are used to fill the gap

Passed on from mother to daughter

Kalamkari Colors Vegetable dyes, plant roots, Andhra Pradesh

leaves, salt of iron, tin, copper, alum

Gets the name from kalam pen as

intricate designs are made using pen

Includes Hand painting as well as

block painting

Patronised by Vijayanagar kingdom

Legacy from father to son

Scenes from mythology are usually

depicted with floral decorative
patterns for embellishments

Influence of Persian motifs and

designs

Phad Scroll painting of Bhilwara district Rajasthan

Themes include heroic figures, rural

life, animals and birds

2D depiction in Bold lines

Art form is approximately 700 years

old

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Warli Gond and Kol Made mostly by women Maharashtra

Predominantly religious

Geometric patterns like circles,

triangles, rectangles
spiral structuring of images is
common

White color/ rice flour is used on dark

background

Minakari Sonar or Sohail Jewellery designing using enamel Jaipur

caste of Kshatriyas work
Delhi
Art of coloring and ornamenting the
surface of metals by fusing over it Lucknow
brilliant colors that are decorated in an
intricate design Kangra

Gulab mina is famous in Benaras Benaras

Kashmir

Bandhni Started by Khatri, a Tie and dye art for cotton fabrics Rajasthan
kshatriyacommunity
in Gujarat Called Chungidiin Tamilnadu Gujarat

Tamilnadu

Bidriware Persian art brought Metal art striking inlay artwork, Bidar, Karnataka
to India by
Bahamani rulers important export handicraft of India

prized as a symbol of wealth.

The metal used is a blackened alloy

of zinc and copper inlaid with thin
sheets of pure silver. This native art
form has obtained GI

Igu Dance Idu Mishmi tribe meaning dance of the Priest, a Arunachal Pradesh
unique ritual dance.

Igu dance is performed on Reh

festival, different ritual acts etc with an
aim of appeasing various spirits for
family and social well-being and
prosperity.

Arunachal Pradeshs tableau for RD

parade 2015

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Daang Dangis Kahaiya and Dholki the percussion Gujarat
instruments besides short shehnai are
used in the dance.

The men hold their arms round the

womens shoulders and women clasp
the men by their waists forming
circular formations moving in
clockwise and anti-clockwise
directions.

The women climb on the shoulders of

men and form a human pyramid.

Performed in RD parade and won first

position in 2015

Lezim Dance Named after a wooden idiophone to Maharashtra

which thin metal discs are fitted which
produce a jingling sound and the
dancers use this while dancing.

Dholki, a drum instrument is used as

the main percussion music.

Very rigorous movements

Mand Folk singing style neither accepted as Rajasthan

Raga nor reckoned among freely
rendered folk songs

Bhatiali a boat song, sung by boatmen while West Bengal

going down streams of the river,

the word Bhatiyali comes from Bhata

meaning ebb or downstream

Ragini Folk song form Haryana

Gulraj Folk song form Kashmir

Theyyam popular ritual form of worship of North Kerala

Malabar in Kerala

Colourful costumes and awe inspiring

head gears with strong colours of
turmeric,wax and arac

Head gears are upto 5 -6 feet high

Padayani Tinta subsect of Performance using masks Kerala

Ganaka community
In honour of bhadrakali

Performed in bhagavati temples

southern variant of theyyam

blends music, dance, theatre, satire,

facial masks, and paintings

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Koli Koli a fishermen Fishermen dance Maharashtra
tribe
Includes both men and women. Men
dance with fishing oars

Dhumal Wattal Only the men folk perform this dance Jammu and
on specific occasions and at set Kashmir
locations.

Generally performed with wearing

long colourful robes and tall conical
caps, studded with beads and shells.

HuyenLanglon Martial art consists of 2 forms Manipur

Thang ta armed version uses

sword, spear, axe and shield

Saritsarak unarmed version uses

kicks, hand strikes and grappling

Closely associated with Burmese

Bando or bandshay

RasiyaGeet Folk song flourished in Braj Uttar Pradesh

Praises of Lord Krishnas charming

leelas

Alha Ballad of Bundelkhand Uttar Pradesh

Heroic stories of Alha and Udal who

served Raja Parmal of Majoba

Highlights the moral principles of

morality, chivalry and nobility

Hori Songs based on love pranks of Uttar Pradesh

Radha-Krishna

Sang during Holi celebrations only

Sohar Songs sung during the birth of male Uttar Pradesh

child

Influenced the Muslim families and the

tradition is now found among Muslims
too

Depicts the mingling of two cultures

Kajri Sung by women in rainy season on Uttar Pradesh

third day of bhadra

Associated with a dance involving

steps in semi circular motion

9/15
Shakunakhar - Prayers for good health and long life Kumaon
Mangalgeet during religious and auspicious
occasions of child-birth, baby-
showers, ganeshpooja etc.

Sung only by women without any

instrument

Barahmasa Songs depicting twelve months of the Kumaon

year

Different natural entities represent

different months of the year

Basanti Spring/ Harvest song which Garhwal

accompanies the celebrations of
Basant Panchami

GhasiyariGeet Sung by women of hilly areas when Garhwal

they go to forests to collect grass for
cattle

Emphasis on importance of labour

along with entertainment

Pankhida Literally means lover Rajasthan

Sung by peasants working in fields

Lotia Sung by women during the festival of Rajasthan

Lotia
Women bring water from lakes or
ponds in Lotasand kalashby
decorating them with flowers

Teej Sung during the festival of Teej on Rajasthan

third day after new moon in the month
of sharavana

Songs revolve around union of Shiva

and Parvati

Pandavani Songs on tales of Mahabharata Chhattisgarh

Singer assumes all the characters

during the ballad accompanying it
with his powerful singing

SukarkeBiah Portrays the picture of common folk Bhojpuri region

Associated with story of Shukra who

calls off his marriage for the sake of
his mother

Mando Slow verse and refrain composition Goa

dealing with love, tragedy and both
social injustice and political resistance
during Porutguese presence

10/15
Chhakri Group song performed using musical Kashmir
instruments like noot, rababs, sarangi,
tumbaknari

Bhakha Harvest songs Jammu

Regional music with most melodic

and harmonious elements

Laman A group performance where girls Himachal Pradesh

singing on peak of the hill seldom see
the group of boys who give a reply to
them in a song seated on another
peak of the hill.
Sung especially in Kulu Valley

Tappa Semi classical vocal music inspired Punjab

by camel riders

Characterised by jumpy and flashy

tonal movements

Powada Literally means narration of story in Maharashtra

glorious terms

Odes in praise of individual heroes,

incidents or place

Chief narrator is known as Shahir

Qawwali Originally sung in praise of god

Brought from Persia

Qawwali performance presents a

fascinating, interchanging use of solo
and choral modalities

Burrakatha Highly dramatic form of ballad Andhra Pradesh

Singer plays a tambura while reciting

the story

A famous exponent of the form

DarojiEeramma passed away in
august 2014

Daskathia Name is derived from a unique Odisha

instrument called kathi or Ram thali
or wooden clappers

It is a form of worship and offering on

behalf of das, the devotee

Sana Lamok Sung by a priest at the time of Manipur

coronation of King or to welcome the
King

Also sung to evoke the spirit of

Pakhangba, the presiding deity

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SaikutiZai Mizo Mizos are known as singing tribe Mizoram

SaikutiZai are songs composed by a

poetess Saikuti in praise of warriors

Chai hia Mizo The songs that accompany chai Mizoram

dance performed during ChapcharKut
Festival

VilluPattu Bow song Tamilnadu

Lead singer handles an instrument

which is bow shaped

Themes are usually theological and

emphasise conquest of good over evil

Ammanaivari Song sung in praise of Chola Tamilnadu

Monarch

Ammanai is wooden ball.

Women folk sing appropriate songs

while playing the ball.

BhandPather Unique combination of dance, music Kashmir

and acting.

Satire, wit and parody are preferred

for inducing laughter

Swang Theatre form known for softness of Rohtak and Haatras

emotions and accomplishment of rasa

Language in Rohtak Haryanvi

Language in Haatras Brajbhasha

Nautanki Traditional theatre form of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

Lucknow and Haatras

Initially performed by men only. Now

women are also included

Gulab Bai of Kanpur gave new

dimension to old theatrical form

Bhavai Theatrical performance which is partly Gujarat

entertainment and partly a ritual
offering made to Goddess Amba.

Subtle social criticism laced with

pungent humour is the speciality of
Bhavai.

P.S. : a dance form of Rajasthan is

also called Bhavai

12/15
Jatra Musical plays during fairs in honour of West Bengal
gods, or religious rituals and
ceremonies

Born and nurtured in Bengal

Krishna Jatra was popularised by

Bhakti saint Chaitanyas influence

Maach Used for both stage and the Madhya Pradesh

performance

Traditional theatre form with songs in

between dialogues

Dialogues are called bol

Rhyme in narration is called vanag

Tunes are called Rangat

Bhaona Performance of Assamese classical Assam

plays called AnkiaNaat

Sutradhar or narrator begins the story

in Sanskrit and the play continues in
Brajboli or Assamese

Dashavatar Performers personify the ten Konkan coast and

incarnations of Lord Vishnu wearing Goa
masks of wood or papiermache

Krishnattam Started in 17th Century AD under the Kerala

patronage of King Manavada of
Calicut

Cycle of 8 plays performed for eight

consecutive days

Mudiyettu Performed in the month of vrischika Kerala

(November December) in the Kali
temples as an oblation to Goddess

Koodiyattam/ Oldest traditional theatre form of Kerala

Kuttiyattam Kerala

Believed to be the prototype for

Kathakali

Based on Sanskrit theatre traditions

Vidushak alone delivers dialogues

Emphasis on hand gestures and eye

movements

Yakshagaana Theatre form based on mythological Karnataka

stories known for its costumes and
make up

13/15
Therukoothu Literally means street play Tamilnadu

Performed at annual temple festivals

of Mariamman(Rain Goddess) to
achieve rich harvest

Cycle of eight plays based on life of

Draupadi

Gombeyatta String puppets(marionettes) styled Karnataka

and designed like characters of
Yakshagana

Have joints at legs, shoulders, elbows,

hips and knees

Puppets are manipulated by 5-7

strings tied to a prop. Sometimes
more complicated movements are
manipulated by two or more
puppeteers

Bommalattam Largest, heaviest and most articulate Tamil Nadu

of all traditional Indian marionettes.

Combine techniques of both rod and

string puppets

Puppets made of wood

Strings for manipulation are attached

to iron ring worn round the
puppeteers head

TogaluBombeyatta Literally togalu skin/leather bombe Karnataka

dolls

Shadow puppets made from treated

leather

Small in size and size varies with

social status of characters the
puppets portray Larger for kings and
smaller for common people and
servants

TholuBommalata Shadow puppetry Andhra Pradesh

Large in size with jointed waist,

shoulders, elbows and knees

Colored on both sides. Hence throw

colored shadows on screen

14/15
Ravanachhaya Shadow puppets of one piece and Odisha
have no joints

Not colored hence opaque shadows

Puppets are made of deer skin

Props such as trees, mountains,

chariots etc are also displayed along
with main characters

PutulNautch Rod puppets made from wood West Bengal

inspired by Bunrakupuppets of Japan

Costumed like actors of Jatra and

usually have 3 joints

A bamboo made hub is tied to the

waist of puppeteer on which rod
holding the puppet is placed.

Puppeteers manipulating the rods,

move and dance imparting
corresponding movements to the
puppets

Yampuri Rod puppets made of wood Bihar

Have no joints and are made of a

single piece

Pavakoothu Glove puppets costumed as kathakali Kerala

performers

Height varies from 1-2 feet

Head and arms are carved of wood

and joined together with thick cloth,
cut and stitched into a bag

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