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Appendix C
Suggested Test Method for Determining
Strength of Grouted Soils for Design
Purposes

The purpose of this test procedure is to dene the strength parameters of

grouted soil, so that the shear strength increase induced by grouting can be
safely utilized in design.
Since many grouts and grouted soils are subject to creep phenomena,
the tests must be long-term. Because strength increase due to connement
within a soil mass is an important factor, triaxial tests are indicated.
Whenever possible, use of ASTM Standards is desirable. In the sections
which follow, reference is made to several existing ASTM Standards.
When a granular soil is grouted, the voids are substantially lled with
grout. Under such conditions, pore water pressure is unlikely to develop.
This proposed method does not make provision for measuring pore
pressures, and therefore may not be applicable to partially grouted soils.
The equipment needed to run this test consists of a loading device, and
other components fully described in ASTM D-2850. The loading device can
be a dead weight system, a pneumatic or hydraulic load cell, or any other
device capable of applying and maintaining the desired constant loads.
Specimens for testing shall be fabricated as described in ASTM D-
4320, or carefully trimmed from eld samples. (Sampling procedures for in
situ specimens have a major inuence on test results. Specimens trimmed
from large chunk samples are desirable.)

Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 The long-term strength (or creep endurance limit) of grouted soils will
always be less than short-term (quick) tests. The short-term test results are
therefore used as a basis for determining the value of sustained loads to use
in long-term testing. Short-term triaxial tests would be more appropriate,
but since only an index value is needed, a simpler unconned compression
test is adequate. Procedures for performing the short-term tests are detailed
in ASTM D-4219. The ultimate value obtained from these tests is referred to
as the Index Strength.
After the specimen has been encased in a rubber membrane and set up
within the triaxial chamber, the lateral pressure is applied. This may be any
value consistent with actual eld loading conditions. If eld loading
conditions are not known, use an at-rest coefcient of 0.4. In other words,
set the lateral pressure to 40% of the axial load to be applied. Axial load may
be applied immediately after applying the lateral pressure.
Several long-term tests must be performed at different axial loads in
order to dene the creep endurance limit. Suggested values for the axial
loads are:

Specimen No % of Index Strengths

1 85
2 70
3 55
4 40
5 25
6 10

For each different axial load, measure and record sample compression
at the following time intervals after application of the axial load: 1, 4, 9, 16,
25, 36, 49, and 60 minutes, every two hours for 6 hours, every day for 10
days, and every week up to a total test time of 90 days. If fracture has not
occurred by 90 days, except as noted below, the test may be terminated, and
tests at lower axial loads need not be run.
For each axial load, plot unit strain vertically against square root of
time horizontally. For specimens that do not rupture, these data should plot
as a curve which becomes asymptotic to the horizontal. If this trend is not
occurring by 90 days, the test should not be terminated.
Plot the percent of index strength vertically versus the time to failure
horizontally. The vertical intercept where the curve becomes asymptotic
horizontally can be taken as the creep endurance limit.

Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 The ASTM test procedures referred to above give details for correcting
the test data for the added strength due to the membrane, and the decrease
in unit stress due to enlargement of the cross-section area of the specimen
during the test. These corrections may be made if desired, but are generally
not warranted since they are probably less than the precision of the test.

Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.