CHBE 458

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

MIDTERM-1

Submitted by

Ece SARUHAN

Deniz SARPKAYA

Course Instructor: Assist. Prof. M. Olu zbek

Submission Date: 27.11.2017

Yeditepe University

stanbul
CALCULATION

m Cp Tin (T1 ) Tout (T2 )

Water kg kJ 70 100
4 4.187
min kg. K
Oil kg kJ 600 T2
2 2.6
min kg. K

o Calculation to find area of heat exchanger for 3 mm thickness of stainless

steel(cost=2200 $):
moil Cp,oil (T1 T2 ) = U A Tlm

moil Cp,oil (T1 T2 )

A=
U Tlm
kJ kg kJ 1000J 1min
Qoil ( )=2 2.6 (600 T2 )K
min min kg. K 1kJ 60s
kJ
Qoil ( ) = 52000 86.7 T2
min
T1 T2
Tlm =
T
ln (T1 )
2

T1 = 600 100 = 500

T2 = T2 70
500 T2 + 70 570 T2
Tlm = =
500 500
ln (T 70) ln (T 70)
2 2

52000 86.7 T2 52000 86.7 T2 500

A= = ln ( )
U (570 T2 ) T2 70
570 T2
U[ 500 ]
ln (T 70)
2

a) ROI Method
The capital cost
52000 86.7 T2 500
Io = C A = C ( ln ( ))
U (570 T2 ) T2 70
 Annual credit
$ kJ 0.948Btu 60min hr
F = (2 106 ) (moil . Cp . (T1 T2 ) ) . . 8000
Btu min 1kJ 1hr year
$ kg kJ
F = 0.91008 (2 2.6 (600 T2 )K)
year kJ kg. K
$
F( ) = 4.732 (600 T2 )
year

F 4.732 (600 T2 )
ROI = =
Io C (52000 86.7 T2 ln ( 500 ))
U (570 T2 ) T2 70

Where C = 2200 and U = 600

F 4.732 (600 T2 )
=
Io 2200 (52000 86.7 T2 ln ( 500 ))
600 (570 T2 ) T2 70
Derivation of this equation

d F 500
= (867 ln ( ) + 867) T2 3 + (1100690
dT2 Io T2 70
500
ln ( ) 1534390) T2 2 + (384686000
T2 70
500
ln ( ) + 904914000) T2 21832020000
T2 70
500
ln ( ) 177840000000 = 0
T2 70
T2(opt) = 560 C
52000 86.7 T2 52000 86.7 T2 500
A= = ln ( )
U (570 T2 ) T2 70
570 T2
U[ 500 ]
ln (T 70)
2

52000 86.7 560 52000 86.7 560 500

A= = ln ( )
600 (570 560) 560 70
570 560
U[ ]
500
ln ( )
560 70
A=0.16 m2
o By applying same procedure for stainless steel which has 5 mm thickness;
(cost=7000$)
T2(opt) = 567 C

A=0.0095 m2

b) NPV Method
NPV=P-I
NPV: Net present value
P: present value
I: income
r: capital recovery factor
F
P=
r
o Cost of steel which has 3mm thickness : 2200$
1.24
i= = 0.0124
100

n=48 months
F = P (i + 1)48 = 3975 $

52000 86.7 T2 52000 86.7 T2 500

A= = ln ( )
600 (570 T2 ) T2 70
570 T2
600 [ 500 ]
ln (T 70)
2

52000 86.7 T2 500

Io = 3975$ A = 3975 ( ln ( ))
600 (570 T2 ) T2 70

4.732 (600 T2 ) 52000 86.7 T2 500

NPV = 3975 ( ln ( ))
r 600 (570 T2 ) T2 70

(0.0124) (0.0124 + 1)48

r= = 0.028
(1 + 0.0124)48 1
dNPV
dT2
500
2704 T2 3 3317791 T2 2 + (1367930 ln (T 70) + 1148060870) T2 95755100 l
2
=
80 (T2 570)2 (T2 70)

T2(opt) = 493
52000 86.7 493 500
A= ln ( )
600 (570 493) 493 70
A=0.032 m2

o By applying same procedure for stainless steel which has 5 mm thickness;

(cost=7000$)
1.29
i= = 0.0129
100

(0.0129) (0.0129 + 1)48

r= = 0.03
(1 + 0.0129)48 1

F = 7000$ (0.0129 + 1)48 = 12951$

4.732 (600 T2 ) 52000 86.7 T2 500

NPV = 14577 ( ln ( ))
0.03 600 (570 T2 ) T2 70

dNPV
dT2
500
966400 T2 3 1157782259 T2 2 + (376232370 ln (T 70) + 397791927630) T2 95
2
=
80 (T2 570)2 (T2 70)

T2(opt) = 500C

52000 86.7 500 500

A= ln ( )
600 (570 500) 500 70
A=0.03 m2
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

According to the problem, there is heat transfer between oil and water in steam
generator. The heat transfer area of the steam generator affects the heat energy
and the cost of the heat exchanger. The increase in area is a positive situation for
heat energy but it is a negative situation to increase the cost. Therefore, the aim of
this problem is that optimize the heat transfer area of steam generator.

The lost oil heat equals to overall heat transfer energy because emitted heat
energy from oil is equal to absorbed heat energy to water. Using this equality, area
is obtained based on unknown the outlet temperature of oil. In order to calculate
the return on investment, capital cost and annual credit were calculated. The outlet
temperature of the oil was calculated by derivation of the annual credit and capital
cost ratio. Then, the optimum area is determined using this value.These operations
were performed for two different thicknesses of stainless steel. The cost changes
according to the thickness of the steel, and their prices were found on the Internet.

Also, area was reformulated using the net present value (NPV). The interest
value of Vakf Bank was considered more reasonable. After changing the cost values
in the area equations, outlet temperatures were calculated for two different
thickness steel.

According to calculation part, outlet temperature of the oil which is called

optimum temperature and optimum heat transfer area were calculated as to be
560 and 0.16m2 respectively for the steel has 3 mm thichkness and its cost is 2200$.
For 5 mm thickness steel that its cost is 7000$, optimum temperature and optimum
area were calculated as to be 567 and 0.0095m2. Also in NPV method, outlet
temperature and area were calculated as to be 493 and 0.032m2 for 3mm thickness
steel. For 5mm thickness steel, temperature and area were calculated as to be 500
and 0.03m2.

These calculations and values are not expected and acceptable because they
are not realistic. Causes of this situation may be calculation errors and finding value
from Internet searching mistakes.
APPENDIX

3-mm thickness 304-stainless steel

 5-mm thickness 304-stainless steel
 The interest value of Vakf Bank