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Kultur Dokumente
Mitochondria
Similarities: 2
Both cells have plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and
endoplasmic reticulum
Differences:
Animal cell Plant cell 1
Has no fixed shape Has a fixed shape 1
Does not have a cell wall Has a cellulose cell wall 1
Does not have chloroplast Has many chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll 1
Usually has many small vacuoles Usually has one large vacuole 1
Contain glycogen granules Contain starch granules
1 10
Has centriole Does not have centriole
Cellular Component Function& Question (marking scheme)
Plasma membrane Function:
Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell
Question :
(a) What are the cell wall and the plasma membrane made of
P1-Plasma membrane made up of protein and phospholipids
P2-Cell wall made up of cellulose
(b) What are the special feature /characteristic of cell wall and plasma membrane
P1-Plasma membrane is semi-permeable membrane
P2-cell wall is premable to all substances
Cytoplasm Function:
Acts as a medium where biochemical reactions and most living process
occurs within the cell
Nucleus Function:
P1-control all cellular activity
P2-carries genetic information/genes
Question :
(a) If structure R (nucleus) is removed from a cell .Explain what would happen to
the growth of the cell(trial perlis2010)
P1-the cell does not divide/differentiate
P2-because there are no genes (that control mitosis/differentiation) 3
(b) State the main content of nucleus
Nucleolus /chromosomes
Ribosome Function:
Sites of synthesis protein
Question:
(a) Name structure X
Ribosome
(b) What will happen if the cell does not have structure T(endoplasmic Reticulum)
The cell will able to transport the substances synthesized in the cell
Lysosomes Function :
Digest/break down complex organic molecule
Question:
(a) Explain how lysosomes helps in eliminating damaged organelles in cells
P1-Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzyme/Lysozymes which will
digest/hydrolyzed damaged organelle
SPM 2010 P2-Absorb the useful nutrient and eliminate the waste
Question:
Trial Perak 2009
(a) Explain the role of P(Golgi apparatus) and R (nucleus) in transportation of
extracellular enzyme
Trial Selangor 2010
P1-the nucleus/RNA instructs ribosome to synthesized protein
P2-the synthesized protein is transported in the rough endoplasmic
reticulum/Q
P3-to the transport vesicles
P4-then the Golgi apparatus/P packages/ modifies/ sorts/transports the
synthesized proteins
P5-to the secretory vesicles to be transported
P6-out of the cell through the plasma membrane ANY 4
[4marks]
(b) Explain why Golgi apparatus is found abundance in the cell of root
cap
To manufacture a type of polysaccharide that lubricate the root tip to aid 5
The penetration of root between soil particle
Chloroplast Funtion :
Trial Pahang 2011 Absorb light energy
Question :
Trial Kedah 2008
(a) Explain the important of the function of organelle Q
P1-To carry out photosynthesis
P2-The cell are able to manufacture food which can be used by the plant
Q (b) Name structure Q
Grana
(c) What cell contain abundantly in this organelle
Palisade mesophyll cell
P (d) Explain how chloroplasts is adapted for making of food
P1-choloroplast contain chlorophyll
Organelle Q P2-for absorption light energy for photosynthesis
The density of organelle in specific cell JUJ 2008 Trial Malacca 2011
Name one organelle and explain why the organelle can be found abundantly in specific cell
below
Sperm Cell
Organelle mitochondria 1
F1-to provide energy to swim toward the ovum ( for fertilization) 1
Mesophyll palisade cell
Organelle-chloroplast 1
1 4
F1-contain chlorophyll to absorb energy from sunlight for photosynthesis
(e) Predict what will happen if the organelle(mitochondria) is not found in the sperm 7
1
P1- no energy synthesized
1 2
P2-sperm cannot swim toward the ovum and no fertilization occur
Unicellular organism
R: Pseudopodium
P:Contractile Vacuole
Q: nucleus
Organism X
No Marking scheme Marks
(a) Name organism X
1 1
Amoeba
(b) Name the structure P, Q and R
State the function of the part you label
P: Removes excess water which enter the cell by osmosis (osmoregulation)
1
Q: Contain genetic information 1
R: For movement 1 3
(c) Amoeba sp moves by extending pseudopodium or false feet, name the other process other
than this.
Feeding (Phagocytosis) 1 1
(d) Exchange of gases occurs through the plasma membrane, Name the process
1 1
Simple diffusion
(e) Name two process involved the growth of organism
1
P1-Binary fission
1 2
P2-Forming spores
(f) Explain the process of phagocytosis
1
P1- Amoeba sp.approaches the food particles
1
P2-two pseudopodia extends out and enclosed the food particles
1
P3-The food particles are packed in a food vacuole, which fuses with lysosomes 1 4
8
P4-the food particles are digested by the lysozyme ,the resulting nutrient are diffuses into
cytoplasm
(g) Explain how contractile vacuole maintains the osmotic pressure in Amoeba sp.
P1-Fresh water is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp.
1
P2-Water diffuses in to the cell and fills the contractile by osmosis
1
P3-when the contractile vacuole is filled with water to its maximum size, it contracts to expel 1 3
its Content from time to time
(h) Diagram shows the asexual reproduction carried out by Amoeba sp . Trial Johor 2011
(i) Amoeba is a unicellular organism which lives in fresh water environment. Although
Amoeba sp is made up of only a single cell, it can perform all living processes
Explain the living process that enables Amoeba sp to survive in fresh water which is
hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp
P1-the living process is osmoregulation
1
P2-Osmoregulation is in Amoeba sp. involved contractile vacuole 1
P3-fesh water is hypotonic to amoeba sp 1
P4-water diffuses into Amoeba sp. by osmosis 1
P5-Water fills the contractile vacuole to its maximum size 1
1
P6-contractile vacuole contract
1
P7-Expel the water out of the Amoeba sp. 1
P8-Thus, Amoeba sp. does not burst 1 8 9
Organism Y
No Marking scheme Marks
(a) Name organism Y
1
Paramecium sp.
(b) Describe how the paramecium uses cilla to move and to gather food
1
P1-the beating of cilia toward the anterior and posterior ends
1
P2-to helps paramecium to move and rotating along its axis
P3-The beating of cilia along mouth-like opening 1
P4-draw water and suspended food particles into the cytostome 1 4
(c) Explain how the size of the paramecium influences the rate contraction of the contractile
vacuole
P1-When the paramecium is small, the total surface area per volume of cell is larger 1
1
P2-this enable water to be absorbed into the cell at a faster rate
P3-the higher rate of contraction of the contractile vacuole enables the cell to expel any
1 3
excess water that has entered the cell at a faster rate
(d) Explain why the paramecium always has excess water in its cell
1
P1-Because the paramecium lives fresh in water
P2-water constantly enters the cell via osmosis form the surrounding hypotonic environment
1 2
(e) State the characteristic between Amoeba and paramecium
P1-Presence of cilia
1
P2-Respiration through simple diffusion
1
P3-controlling osmoregulation by contractile vacuole 1 3
(f) State two differences in characteristic of paramecium and spirogyra
1
P1-Paramecium is a unicellular organism while spirogyra is a multicellular organism
P2- Paramecium does not undergoes cell specialization and cell organization while spirogyra
1 2
Undergoes these process
10
(g)
11
(c) Explain one special characteristic of cell P which it to carry out the
Times 2012
function you stated in (b) efficiently
F1-have no nucleus
E1-so it have more space more to fill in by hemoglobin
OR
F2- have very thin plasma membrane
E2-So the gases exchange can take place faster
OR
F3-Contain haemoglobin /respiratory pigment
E3-can combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
[2marks]
(d) Explain the structural adaptation that found in red blood cell to enable to
carry out the transport of oxygen
P1-Biocancave shape
E1-increase the surface area
OR
P1-Elastic membrane
E2-Enable red blood cell to squeeze easily into the narrow blood capillaries
(d)
Nerve cell Nerve tissue Nervous system
Sarawak
Human skin is an organ ,it consists of various types of 2008
tissue Trial Sarawak 2009
15
Diagram 1 shows a group of plant cells undergo specialization in the formation of leaf
16
State structural feature of tissue P (xylem) which enable them to function efficiently
P1: P consists of the xylem vessel joined together end to end 1
P2-cell P does not have any cytoplasm 1
1 2
P3-the cell walls are thickened with lignin
State structural feature of tissue P and R which enable them to function efficiently
1
P1-P consists of sieve tubes arranged end to end
P2- sieve tube have sieve plates to allow continuous flow of organic compo 1 2