Result: 1 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 1 | Question: 2 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72176

Question: A book by Clark Hull proposes that data from these things be arranged in "expectancy
tables" and fed into a "prediction machine." In a 1915 article, Walter Dill Scott advocated for the
usage of these things in the hiring process, so that both the "physical condition" and "native
ability" of applicants can be ascertained. Many of these things, such as the Morrisby Profile, and
the "Differential" one developed at Chicago, make the "Single-Classification Battery
Assumption." Robert Yerkes created two of these things, dubbed "Alpha" and (*) "Beta," to
distinguish "fluid" and "crystallized" forms of a certain concept. After Claude Steele studied
European-Americans and African-Americans undergoing these procedures, he proposed the
concept of stereotype threat to try to explain the achievement gap. Aptitude is often measured by
using, for 10 points, what procedures, examples of which include the Wonderlic and the SAT?

ANSWER: aptitude tests [or achievement tests; accept intelligence tests]

Result: 2 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 10 | Question: 8 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72662

Question: Paul Byers argued that these objects work via a three-way communication process in
an article claiming that they are more than an "illustrating tool" than pure "observation." These
man-made objects were studied extensively by the anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell, whose
theory of "kinesic" communication was formulated after examining these things. J. P. Morgan
provided the funds for Edward Curtis to produce these things in what is sometimes called the
first (*) proto-salvage ethnography project, and is titled The North American Indian. Some of the
23,000 of these things produced by Gregory Bateson were used by Margaret Mead to help depict
Balinese Character. Many of these things accompany the text of Born Free and Equal, a book
documenting the Manzanar internment camp. For 10 points, name these objects which, along
with films, are the subject of visual anthropology.

ANSWER: photographs [or photos; accept cameras until "proto-salvage ethnography"; prompt
on pictures]

Result: 3 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 11 | Question: 20 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72694

Question: William Ophuls proposed a "steady-state philosophy" to reduce this quantity in

response to Herman Kahn's suggestion that changes in this quantity are not "carcinogenic" but
rather benevolent. A four-stage model that describes how this quantity changes over time is the
subject of Warren Thompson's "transition" theory. The idea that increasing this quantity has been
beneficial is the mainstay of so-called "cornucopian" theses and is central to the book The
Ultimate Resource by Julian (*) Simon. Paul Ehrlich suggested that the rate of growth of this
quantity should be zero in a book that refers to it as a "bomb." The idea that this quantity grows
geometrically while resource production only grows arithmetically is the basis for the
"Malthusian catastrophe." For 10 points, give this quantity, which is currently approximately
equal to 7.5 billion.

ANSWER: human population [accept reasonable equivalents, such as the number of people;
prompt on population]

Result: 4 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 12 | Question: 14 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72708

Question: A book arguing that societies undergo this process proposes the formula "P equals E
times T" to calculate their energy usage. That book by Leslie White argues that this process
affects technology, ideology, and sociology, and inspired a 1960 Marshall Sahlins book that
divided this process into "general" and "specific" types. Michael Tomasello used a "ratchet
effect" argument how this process proceeds via "jumps" caused by inventions. In The Rise of
Anthropological Theory, Marvin Harris argues that Historical (*) Particularism was a reaction to
the idea that a "unilineal" form of this process shaped western culture. The book System of
Synthetic Philosophy argues that a form of this process should be applied to people within
society. For 10 points, name this process, whose "biological" form was initially described in The
Origin of Species by Charles Darwin.

ANSWER: evolution [accept cultural evolution or neo-evolution

Result: 5 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 13 | Question: 20 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72734

Question: This formalism was refined to incorporate continuous-time data by Douglass Breeden,
who noted that a maximum value in it could be achieved if one assumes that it incorporates
"zero-sum supplies." A momentum term and two other variables were added to this formalism to
derive the Carhart Model. Work inspired by Harry Markowitz suggests that if certain quantities
in this theory are optimized, then those quantities will comprise the "efficient frontier." A
modification to this model that uses the Bellman Equation to optimize one of its variables as a
Wiener Process was developed by Robert Cox (*) Merton. Two variables to this model were
added by Fama and French to create-their three-factor model, who argued that the quantity beta
in it did not match real-world variation. William Sharpe and Jack Treynor developed this model,
which uses categories of "non-diversifiable risk" and "risk-free" assets. For 10 points, name this
model that is used to analyze financial portfolios.

ANSWER: Capital Asset Pricing model [or CAPM; prompt on Fama-French three factor model]
Result: 6 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 2 | Question: 1 | Social Science |
NoneID: 72195

Question: Words that illustrate this concept are classified according to their "dryness,"
"wetness," "lightness," or "darkness" in a 1926 paper by Harold Conklin examining the Hanunoo
language. A controversial Winawer et al. study found that English speakers were slower than
Russian speakers in differentiating two similar varieties of this concept. A 1969 book that
formulated a seven-stage hierarchy by which languages develop words for this concept was
authored by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay. The development of words for this concept is explored
in Guy Deutscher's (*) Through the Language Glass. Two English words for this concept are
often grouped as a single word in examples such as the Japanese word "aoi" and the Chinese
word "qing." Examples of words that express this concept include the German "schwarz," the
French "vert," and the Spanish "azul." For 10 points, identify this concept expressed in English
by words such as "red" and "yellow."

ANSWER: color [do not prompt or anti-prompt on specific answers such as blue or green]

Result: 7 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 2 | Question: 6 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72200

Question: This philosopher holds that the "bourgeois symptom" of a text is the "euphoric
reference" to "style" as one of "Literature's eternal values" in a piece about "Neither/Nor
Criticism." This author attacked a documentary on "the East" called Lost Continent, because its
"vague ethnographic" pretext perpetuates "exoticism"; that appears in a book which discusses a
"nostalgic and patriotic" crunchy food that this author calls the "alimentary sign of (*)
Frenchness." Men who appear to be "pantomimes" of "human weakness," such as "the
effeminate teddy-boy," are analyzed in a work by this philosopher that discusses a sport called
"the demonstration of excellence." An analysis of "Steak and Chips" using the relationship
between signifier and signified, and a discussion of the semiotics of wrestling appear in, for 10
points, what French philosopher's book Mythologies?

ANSWER: Roland Barthes [or Roland Gerard Barthes]

Result: 8 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 3 | Question: 18 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72232

Question: This work imagines that a group of people have been given the labels "Green" and
"Blue" to show the dangers of stereotyping. A strategy the author terms DOWNING is discussed
in a part of this book about minimizing so-called "echo effects." This book's chapter that its
author co-wrote with the biologist William Hamilton discusses the "conspicuous examples" of
"ants and ant-acacias" and "fig wasps and fig trees" as examples of the title concept in
"biological systems." Its tips on how to "How to Choose Effectively" include "Don't be too
clever" and "Don't be too envious" since this book contends that most of life is not (*) "zero-
sum." Its final chapter argues for the "robustness of reciprocity" by discussing Anatol Rapaport's
strategy of TIT-FOR-TAT at a computer tournament in which an iterated version of the
prisoner's dilemma is played. For 10 points, name this book by Robert Axelrod that discusses the
rise of teamwork and coordination.

ANSWER: The Evolution of Cooperation

Result: 9 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 4 | Question: 14 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72248

Question: These people are said to be "aliens, par excellence" according to a book by Claude
Meillassoux that argues their chief characteristic is the inability to "reproduce socially." A legend
about how two of these people were killed and used for the foundation of the title house appears
in a Lusotropicalist book suggesting that their social cohesion was higher in the author's home
country than in the U.S. The idea that "nineteen out of twenty individuals" have the right to be
these people is discussed in a work arguing that they should exist since it is the "duty of society
to protect the weak"; that book, (*) Cannibals All!, is a George Fitzhugh work suggesting that
these people have more power than those working under capitalism. A book that analyzes how
these figures underlie the Casa Grande system was authored by by Gilberto Freyre. The Golden
Law and the Law of the Free Womb ended the exploitation of these people in Brazil. For 10
points, name these people who were considered property by their masters.

ANSWER: slaves

Result: 10 | (This) Tournament is a Crime | 2017 | Round: 5 | Question: 10 | Social Science |

NoneID: 72318

Question: This concept is described as "frivolous," and compared to "fate" in a set of "seven
rhetorics" for it outlined by Brian Sutton-Smith, a theorist who argued that this concept is
"ambiguous." Another theorist argued that this concept may create a sense of "vertigo" or
disorder, if it is largely unstructured and if it is not paidia. Four types of this concept, consisting
of agon, alea, ilinx, and mimicry, comprise Roger Caillois's structuralist approach to it. An
instance of this concept is said to be a "dramatization of status concerns" in an essay that
suggests a version of this concept presented in (*) the book Principles of Legislation does not
sufficiently analyze this concept in situations of affair d'honneur. That essay uses Jeremy
Bentham's definition of a situation in which no rational person would engage in this kind of
activity to illustrate the cultural import of a blood sport. Clifford Geertz used the Balinese
cockfight to illustrate the "deep" form of, for 10 points, what concept, in which a person takes on
roles?

ANSWER: play [accept deep play; do not accept or prompt on games]

 756 bonuses Were Found

Result: 1 | ACF Regionals |2016 | Berkeley A + Columbia B + South Carolina + McMaster

A | 17 | Social Science | None | CollegeID: 15692

Question: On a price-quantity graph, this curve is almost always downward-sloping. For 10

points each:

[10] Identify this graphical representation of how much of a good consumers want. In a free
market, the equilibrium is where it intersects the supply curve

ANSWER: demand curve

[10] This equation finds the derivative of demand for good X with respect to the price of Y,
decomposing the change into easily-calculated substitution and income effects

ANSWER: Slutsky equation

[10] Like everything else in microeconomics, deriving Slutsky's equation is easier with this
theorem. Basically, it says that the change in some function's maximum can be found by
evaluating the partial at the point that that maximum was achieved.

ANSWER: envelope theorem

Result: 2 | ACF Regionals |2016 | Columbia A and VCU A | 14 | Social Science | None |
CollegeID: 16500

Question: Even when different types of these events occur, as long as they allocate goods in the
same manner, they have the same expected revenue. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify these markets in which goods are typically sold to the highest bidder

ANSWER: auctions

[10] Auction theory is a subfield of this economic discipline, sometimes called reverse game
theory. By its revelation principle, all games can be engineered to incentivize truthful revealing
of private information.

ANSWER: mechanism design

[10] Auctions allow for a primitive form of this practice, where different subsets of the market
pay different prices for a similar good. The "second degree" type of this practice offers a smaller
unit price to people who buy more.

ANSWER: price discrimination

Result: 3 | PACE NSC |2016 | 1 | 14 | Social Science | None | HSID: 17970

Question: Philip Zimbardo tested this theory by placing an automobile without a license plate in
the middle of Palo Alto, California. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this theory described in an article by James Wilson and George Kelling. It argues that
reducing the rate of smaller crimes in urban areas will reduce the rate of bigger crimes.

ANSWER: broken windows theory

[10] Broken windows theory argues that more serious crimes will be curbed by reducing this
specific criminal act of damaging property, which includes things like graffiti.

ANSWER: vandalism [or word forms]

[10] In his book The Tipping Point, this author argues that the use of broken windows theory in
New York City has reduced crime. His latest book is David and Goliath.

ANSWER: Malcolm Gladwell

Result: 4 | PACE NSC |2016 | 3 | 1 | Social Science | None | HSID: 18019

Question: Gordon Allport's book titled for the "The Nature of" this concept introduced the idea
of ethnic stereotyping to the field of psychology. For 10 points each:

[10] Name these positive or negative attitudes towards individuals simply based on their
membership in some group. Its name literally means "pre-judgment."

ANSWER: prejudices

[10] Gordon Allport is often credited with introducing this theory, which states that prejudice
towards a group decreases as one interacts more with that group.

ANSWER: contact hypothesis [or intergroup contact theory]

[10] Robert Butler coined this term to describe acts of prejudice against the elderly. One example
of this type of discrimination is "benevolent prejudice," in which the elderly are treated as
friendly but incompetent.

ANSWER: ageism [or ageist]

Result: 5 | ACF Regionals |2015 | Bellarmine HS + Columbia A + Louisiana-Lafayette | 13 |

Social Science | None | CollegeID: 3564

Question: In this experiment's competition stage, the Eagles burned the Rattlers' flag. For 10
points each:

[10] Name this experiment in which twenty-two campers at the namesake state park were
divided into two groups. When the groups were forced to work together toward a "superordinate
goal", intergroup conflict was reduced.

ANSWER: Robbers Cave experiment

[10] Muzafer Sherif, who led the Robbers Cave experiment, also studied this phenomenon.
Solomon Asch's study of this phenomenon found that people would modify their opinion of the
length of lines to match the majority opinion.

ANSWER: conformity

[10] Gerard and Deutsch showed that the conformity exhibited in the Asch experiment was
caused by two kinds of this phenomenon: the normative, in which subjects react to others'
opinions of them, and the informational, in which subjects assume others have correct opinions.

ANSWER: social influence [or normative influence; or informational influence]

Result: 6 | ACF Regionals |2015 | Brown A + University of Washington + Notre Dame A | 2 |

Social Science | None | CollegeID: 3574

Question: Name some things from microeconomics and consumer choice theory, for 10 points
each:

[10] This economics equation relates uncompensated and compensated forms of demand, also
known as Marshallian and Hicksian demand. It includes terms accounting for the substitution
and income effects.

ANSWER: Slutsky equation

[10] The derivation of the Slutsky equation uses an "indirect" function for finding a consumer's
maximal value for this quantity given income and price level. This term denotes the personal
value a consumer gets from a good.

ANSWER: utility [or indirect utility function]

[10] The aforementioned derivation invokes this lemma, which states that for a fixed level of
utility and prices, Hicksian demand for a good equals the derivative of the expenditure function
with respect to the price of the good.

ANSWER: Shephard's lemma

Result: 7 | ACF Regionals |2015 | Chattahoochee HS + Columbia B + Toronto B | 12 | Social

Science | None | CollegeID: 3653

Question: Answer some questions about the dysfunctional Neopets economy, for 10 points each.

[10] The article "The Sinking Neopoint" estimates that almost a billion Neopoints enter the
economy every day, leading to this phenomenon in which prices rise over time, making currency
less valuable.

ANSWER: inflation

[10] Due to tricks like auction sniping and the restocking of Draik eggs, this metric would be
very high for the Neopets economy. This measure of income disparity equals the proportional
area between the Lorenz curve and the 45 degree line.

ANSWER: Gini coefficient

[10] The Neopets codestone market exhibits perfect competition, which means that sellers should
shut down when the market price goes below this value. Unlike a similar curve, firms can
operate above the U-shaped curve for this value in the long run, but will incur a loss.

ANSWER: average variable cost [or AVC; prompt on partial answer]

Result: 8 | ACF Regionals |2015 | Chicago A + Maggie Walker HS + Yale A | 11 | Social

Science | None | CollegeID: 3672

Question: This theory was tested by injecting subjects with the vitamin "Superoxin," which was
really just adrenaline. For 10 points each:
[10] This theory was tested by injecting subjects with the vitamin "Superoxin," which was really
just adrenaline. For 10 points each:

ANSWER: Schachter two-factor theory of emotion [prompt on "Schachter"]

[10] With Carl Lange, this Harvard professor developed a model explaining emotions as
reactions that follow after pure physical impulses. He also wrote Principles of Psychology.

ANSWER: William James

[10] Solomon and Corbit used this theory to explain how drug use becomes tied to emotional
pleasure. It is based on, and named for, a theory that Ewald Hering derived for color vision.

ANSWER: opponent-process theory

Result: 9 | ACF Regionals |2015 | Dartmouth A | 3 | Social Science | None | CollegeID: 3685

Question: Identify some types of animals used in psychology research, for 10 points each.

[10] John Watson conditioned Little Albert to fear one of these animals. Edward Tolman created
his theory of cognitive maps while experimenting on how these animals run mazes.

ANSWER: rats [do not accept "mice"]

[10] Mary Cover Jones demonstrated counterconditioning by eliminating Little Peter's fear of
one of these animals. A cutaneous effect named for this creature, discovered by Geldard and
Sherrick, is caused by quick taps on different areas of skin.

ANSWER: rabbits [or cutaneous rabbit illusion]

[10] Martin Seligman placed these animals in a shuttle box and applied electric shocks,
demonstrating that they exhibit learned helplessness.

ANSWER: dogs

Result: 10 | ACF Regionals |2015 | Dartmouth A | 3 | Social Science | None | CollegeID: 3791

Question: Identify some types of animals used in psychology research, for 10 points each.

[10] John Watson conditioned Little Albert to fear one of these animals. Edward Tolman created
his theory of cognitive maps while experimenting on how these animals run mazes.
ANSWER: rats [do not accept "mice"]

[10] Mary Cover Jones demonstrated counterconditioning by eliminating Little Peter's fear of
one of these animals. A cutaneous effect named for this creature, discovered by Geldard and
Sherrick, is caused by quick taps on different areas of skin.

ANSWER: rabbits [or cutaneous rabbit illusion]

[10] Martin Seligman placed these animals in a shuttle box and applied electric shocks,
demonstrating that they exhibit learned helplessness.

ANSWER: dogs