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1415 / 2015
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2. Unique commemorations
The following 106 NWC commemorations, many of which are local Neapolitan
feasts, are not listed for any other calendars in Archimandrite Sergijs collation, nor
do they occur in any Slavic calendars in my corpus.2 Of these, 21 are on days imme-
1
The corpus has been assembled in connection with an online digital collation of medieval Slavic
calendars of saints that I have been developing over the past 17 years. I am enormously grateful to David
J. Birnbaum for designing the blueprint for the collation and its search program, and for his generous as-
sistance with innumerable technical issues over the many years that I have been working on the collation.
2
The NWC follows the Western tradition by beginning the year in January. Since, however, this
paper focuses on Eastern commemorations in the NWC, its commemorations are listed here according
to the Eastern Orthodox tradition, beginning the Church year in September.
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3
Usual date September 15.
4
CT has the dedication of the Church of Apostle Thomas for September 19.
5 September 29 CT (H), MR.
6
October 3 CT, Bas, NWC again, and numerous other Greek and Slavic calendars.
7 October 2 CT (P), Ekl, Filim.; October 4 CT (H), Bas, NWC again, ZT, F72, Os, Oh, LP, 882.
8
Bacchus appears together with companion saint Sergius on the preceding day, October 7, in CT,
Bas, and MR (and in Slavic calendars ZT, 882, Oh). October 7 is one of the few dates for which the
NWC has two commemorations: Sergius alone, as is its wont with regard to pairs of saints, and Marcel-
lus. Possibly Bacchus was forced onto the following line, which was already designated for October 8,
for space reasons, and is intended to be read as part of the October 7 commemoration.
9
October 13 in CT, Bas, Sirl., MR.
10
June 4 in CT, Bas, MR.
11
Date of celebration in Girgenti (Holweck 1924: 789).
12
Holweck notes that this is now the modern date of commemoration; cf. MR 26 Oct.
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C. M. Vakareliyska
13
Date of celebration at Nicomedia (Holweck 1924: 924).
14
March 31 CT.
15
The Ohrid Apostol has Callinica and Basilissa on this date.
16
MR has Mary Cleophae on this date and Mary of Egypt on April 2. Holweck (1924: 677) notes
that April 6 is an old date once observed in many Roman Catholic dioceses.
17
Celebrated this date at Naples; MR May 17.
18
May 30 CT, Bas.
19
MR July 16.
20
MR, MH June 28.
21
Holweck (1924: 599) notes that this was the old date for this saint in many locations; cf. MR
April 11.
22
June 30 CT, with the other Apostles.
23
CT (H) has Jude/Thaddeus on June 30, confusing him with Simon the Zealot.
24
June 7 CT, Petr., Konst., Ekl, Nan. 2, As, CB, 882, DC2.
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25
July 9 CT (P), JT and other calendars.
26
July 10 MR.
27
Perhaps Theodore, Bishop of Cyrene in Libya, martyr (with Lucia, Aroja, Cyprilla, and Dig-
nianus), as in Sin. 1 for this date?
28
July 19 MR.
29
July 25 MR.
30
August 3 CT.
31
August 7 MR, Kap., Ekl, M. Porf. (For the content of calendars whose manuscript codes are
followed here by periods, I have relied on Archimandrite Sergijs collation (Spasskij 1901, vol. 2).
32
August 19 CT (P), Bas, and other Greek and Slavic calendars, MR.
33
August 25 CT (P), JT and other Greek and Slavic calendars, MR.
34
Unless otherwise indicated, commemorations in the list co-occur only in MR and not MH.
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C. M. Vakareliyska
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35
882 has Vitus companions Modestus and Crescentia but omits Vitus himself.
36
The relationship between ZT and PM was discovered by Mariya Yovcheva (pers. commun.,
February 2008).
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C. M. Vakareliyska
Cross on May 3; it is absent from PM, which tends to be more conservative than ZT,
omitting garbled or unfamiliar names. It is ZT, however, which omits Martin, Bishop
of Tours (Nov. 11), likely by oversight, while PM shares it with the menology to the
13th- or 14th-century Bulgarian apostol No. 882 in the collection of the SS. Cyril and
Methodius National Library in Sofia (882).
The four early Western commemorations shared by the NWC and 882 are particu-
larly interesting because the scholarly focus on 882 up to now has been largely on its
MarchAugust portion, which shares a common source with the supplemental Slavic
calendar that the Banica Gospel has used to insert lesser feastdays into the second half
of the Church year (Vakareliyska 2008, ch. 6). Since B uses only portions of that source,
it is not surprising that it is 882 and not B that is consistent in containing NWC Western
commemorations in both halves of the Church year. Among the Slavic calendars, 882
alone shares with the NWC the commemoration of Chrysogonus on November 4. It
also contains the NWCs November 11 listing for Martin, Bishop of Tours, with PM,
and the June 30 commemoration of Apostle Paul on June 30, together with the meno
logy to the 13th-century Serbian Deani-Crkolez Apostolus (DC2).
4. Archaic CT commemorations
Thirty-three of the NWC commemorations also appear on the same dates in the
CT, but were excluded later from Bas. Nine of these archaic celebrations are shared
only with Greek calendars. Five in this subgroup are found only by a few other Greek
calendars in Archimandrite Sergijs collation:
December 24 Schinon, Greek martyr by beheading (with Eususius and Agatha).
March 26 Sabinus, martyr (with Manuel, Codratus, and Theodosius); 28 Bishop
Eutychius, identity uncertain.
April 27 Dedication of the Old and New Church of Irene, Megalomartyr.
August 25 Apostle Bartholomew (CT(P)).37
The remaining four archaic CT commemorations found in NWC are not attri
buted to any other calendars in Archimandrite Sergijs corpus. All but one of these
occur only in the Patmos copy of the CT (P), and not in the Holy Cross Monastery
copy (H):
November 12 Victor, martyr in Syria (with Stephanis/Corona) (P).
January 15 Elpidius, martyr (with Danax and Helen) (P).
March 13 Publius, Bishop of Athens, martyr (H, P).
May 13 Polybius, Bishop of Rinokira/Rhynocyra, disciple of Epiphanius of Sa-
lamis (P).
The remaining 24 CT commemorations co-occur in Slavic calendars from the
37
The calendars that Archimandrite Sergij lists for this commemoration include an unidentified
calendar Xil. that may be Slavic.
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The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective
38
The NWCs CT entry for Silas of the Seventy Disciples (Nov. 26) possibly co-occurs in 239.
Archimandrite Sergijs collation includes for this commemoration a calendar 249 that does not appear
in his manuscript code list (1901: 372) and that may be a typographical error for 239.
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C. M. Vakareliyska
relationship between the NWC and Oh, 882, and ZT-PM, because each of these cal-
endars contains additional CT commemorations that the others do not have. Hence a
comparison of CT entries alone would show only that both the NWC and the Slavic
calendars are based partly on the archaic textual tradition found in the CT. The Slavic
calendars could easily have acquired their archaic CT entries from later Greek cal
endars, and indeed this is most likely. When viewed, however, in the context of the
Western entries that these Slavic calendars share with the NWC, and of rare non-CT
commemorations that they also share with the NWC, the CT correspondences acquire
more significance.
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C. M. Vakareliyska
882
September 19 Januarius, Bishop of Beneventum; 25 Romanus, martyr.
October 1 Arethas the Governor; 4 Theotecnus of Antioch, martyr; 28 Diome
des, martyr in Africa; 31 Epimachus of Pelusium; Heraclius the Warrior, martyr.
November 4 Chrysogonus; 10 Emperor Theodosius II The New/The Great;
11 Martin, Bishop of Tours; 24 Chrysogonus, martyr; 28 Dedication of Church of
Prophet Elisha.
January 24 Philo, Bishop of Carpasia.
March 24 50/35/8 martyrs at Caesarea in Palestine.
April 12 Geruntius, Greek martyr.
May 26 Apostle Jude/Thaddeus.
June 2 Erasmus, martyr; 19 Gervasius, Protomartyr at Milan; 30 Apostle Paul.
ZT-PM
September 25 Romanus, martyr; 29 Dedication of the Church of the Archangel
Michael.
October 23 Zacharias the Priest, father of John the Baptist; 29 Apostle Barnabas.
November 1 Caesarius, deacon; 4 Theodotus, martyr at Ancyra; 11 Martin, Bi
shop of Tours (PM only); 20 Dasius, martyr at Durostorum (Dorostolum) in Moesia;
23 Pope Clement I of Rome; 28 Dedication of Church of Prophet Elisha.
December 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome.
January 12 Theodore Stratelates.
February 6 Fausta, martyr at Cyzicus.
April 12 Geruntius, Greek martyr.
May 3 Discovery of the Holy Cross (ZT only); 26 Apostle Jude/Thaddeus (ZT only).
June 2 Erasmus, martyr; 18 Marcellianus, deacon, martyr at Rome; 19 Gerva
sius, Protomartyr at Milan.
July 16 Anthiocus, physician at Sebaste, martyr; 18 Marcellus, Greek martyr.
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The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective
Unlike 882 and ZT-PM, the early Slavic calendars that contain uncommon NWC
entries do not share any date clustering patterns, although some of the commemora-
tions co-occur in more than one of these calendars:
As
September 25 Romanus, martyr.
October 1 Arethas the Governor, martyr.
December 12 Daniel Stylites, Confessor.
June 2 Erasmus, martyr; 15 Vitus/Guy, martyr at Rome.
Os
September 25 Romanus, martyr.
December 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome.
March 24 50/35/8 martyrs at Caesarea in Palestine.
June 15 Vitus/Guy, martyr at Rome.
Arx
September 27 Cosmas the Silverless; 29 Dedication of the Church of the Archangel
Michael.
August 31 Alexander, Bishop of Byzantium.
Slep
January 15 Benedict of Nursia, Confessor.
May 26 Apostle Jude/Thaddeus.
Oh
September 25 Romanus, martyr.
October 1 Arethas the Governor, martyr; 28 Diomedes, martyr in Africa;
31 Heraclius the Warrior, martyr.
November 10 Emperor Theodosius II The New; 23 Pope Clement I of Rome.
December 11 Terentius, martyr; 12 Daniel Stylites, Confessor; 16 Modestus,
Patriarch of Jerusalem; 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome.
January 12 Theodore Stratelates; 24 Philo, Bishop of Carpasia.
February 20 Cendius, Bishop of Pisidia.
March 6 Basil, Bishop of Cherson, martyr.
April 5 Thermos, martyr.
Of the earlier Slavic calendars, Oh has by far the most matches with NWC,
totaling 15. Its six correspondences with 882 and five with ZT-PM all fall within the
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C. M. Vakareliyska
7. Conclusion
Of the Slavic calendars in my collation and in Archimandrite Sergijs, the later
related Bulgarian calendars 882 and ZT-PM demonstrate the closest relationship with
NWC. Their correspondences with the NWC include some of its Western commem-
orations, its archaic CT commemorations, and commemorations which the NWC
shares with only a very few Greek calendars in Archimandrite Sergijs collation.
Moreover, they both have the largest cluster of less common NWC commemorations
in November. The fact that 882 and ZT-PM are members of a Bulgarian family of cal-
endars that is characterized by other rare CT and Western commemorations, includ-
ing the Western saint Arnulph, suggests that the common Slavic or Greek ancestor of
882 and ZT-PM was compiled from a Greek or Italo-Greek source that reflected the
early Greek tradition found in the NWC, together with other calendar sources.That
882 and ZT-PM do not overlap much in the NWC entries they share in November
suggests that pruning of the NWC-tradition commemorations occurred independent-
ly in the later separate prehistories of 882 and ZT-PM.
The relationship between Oh and the NWC is more difficult to determine, be-
cause Oh purposely omits most dates in the second half of the Church year. At the
same time, however, the fact that Oh nevertheless shares 15 uncommon entries with
the NWC suggests that one of the Greek sources for Oh was a calendar based on the
tradition reflected in the NWC.
The relationship of the NWC to Oh and the related calendars 882 and ZT-PM
is a very old and tenuous one, based deep in the prehistory of the Slavic calendars.
The identification of rare NWC-tradition commemorations in these calendars is a
step toward identifying their multiple Greek and Slavic ancestors and the patchwork
patterns of their compilations.
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The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective
Calendar Abbreviations39
Anton. Apparently = Ant. in Spasskijs mss. code list. Menology to Greek gos-
pel, XII c. Kiev Theological Academy collection, gift of Archimandrite
Antonimij. Spasskij 1: 119.
Ap. 346. Menology to Greek apostolus, XIII c. Moscow Synod Library collection,
State Historical Museum, Moscow, Vl. 24. Spasskij 1: 128-9.
Arx Menology to the Archangelsk Gospel, dated 1092, GRB Mus. 1666, Rus-
sian State Library, Moscow. Typeset edn. ukovskaja, L. P. and Mirono-
va, T. L. Arxangelskoe evangelie 1092 goda. Moscow 1997.
B Menology to the Banica Gospel, NBKM No. 847, XIII-XIV cc. SS. Cyril
and Methodius National Library, Sofia.
Bal. 1. Apparently = Balakl. I., menology to 11th-c. Greek gospel from the col-
lection of the Kiev Academy of Sciences.
Bas Menology of Emperor Basil, X c. Cod. Vaticano Greco 1613. Facs. edn.
Il Menologio di Basilio II (Cod. Vaticano Graeco 1613), ii. Tavole, 1907.
Carp Menology to the Carpin Gospel, Macedonia, late XIIIearly XIV cc.
Abbreviations followed by a period represent calendars for which I have relied on Archiman-
39
drite Sergijs collation (Spasskij 1901). In this list, Spasskij 1 represents volume 1 of Spasskij (1901).
145
C. M. Vakareliyska
Filim. Russian podlinik, XVII c., Filimonov private library. Spasskij 1: 360.
Gr. 111. Unidentified Greek calendar, missing from Spasskijs mss. code list.
H See CT
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The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective
Lavr. Prologue for Sept.Nov., Russia, XIV c., Trinity Laura collection, Rus-
sian State Library. Based on first edition of Bas, according to Spasskij.
M. 12 v. Service menaia, Russian, XII c., covering all months except March and
July, Nos. 15968, Synod Typographical Library collection, Russian
State Archive for Antique Documents
MGr. 181. Greek service menaion for Feb., XII c., Moscow Synod Library collec-
tion, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Spasskij 1: 223.
MKr. Greek menaia, XI-XIII cc., covering the whole year except for June and
July, in the collection of the Grottoferrato Monastery in Italy.
M. Porf. Greek service menaia, XII c., in the collection of Ven. Porphyriusof Chy-
hirin. Spasskij 1: 206 and appendix 12.
Nan. 2. Menology to Greek gospel, X c., Nanian Library, Venice. Spasskij 1: 101.
Ne. 1. 10th-cen. Greek gospel from the church in the town of Nein, collection
of the Kiev Academy of Sciences.
Oh Menology to the Ohrid Apostolus, western Bulgaria, late XIIth c., GPB.
Grig (f.87).13, Russian State Library, Moscow.
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C. M. Vakareliyska
P See CT
Petr. Greek synaxarion or prologue by scribe Peter, XI c., Spasskij 1: 293.
PM Palauzov Menaion, western Bulgaria, XIV c., RNB F.I..72, Russian Nation-
al Library (microfilm at SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Sofia); 8
folios, covering February 11-24 and August 15-25, in Sreznevskijs collec-
tion at the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
Prolog. Apparently = Pe. Pr., a printed Slavic prologue dated 1641, 1642, 1643,
1657, 1685, 1689 and other years. (Spasskij 1901: xxiii)
Rum. Menology to the Rumjancev obixod, XIII c., Rumjancev Museum col-
lection, Russian State Library. Based on the first edition of Bas, XI c.
Spasskij 1: 233.
Rum. 112 Omitted from Spasskijs mss. code list. No. 112 from the Rumjancev Mu-
seum collection, Russian State Library.
Sav Menology to the Savvina Kniga, Bulgaria, X-XI cc. and Serbia, XII c.,
RGADA f. 381, Sin. Tip. No. 14, Synod Typographical collection, Rus-
sian State Archive for Antique Documents, Moscow. Typescript edn.
epkin, V. N., Savvina kniga. Pamjatniki staroslavjanskogo jazyka, t. I
(2), Moscow 1903 [Graz 1959].
Sf. 412. Omitted from the mss.code list in Spasskij 1901. Cf. Sf. IXv., described
as a Syrophoenician menology, typeset edn.by Bolotov,Xrist. ., 1893.
Spasskij 1: 202, 2: xxvi.
Sirm. Greek synaxarion based on the prologue and menaia of Jacobus Sirmun-
dus,S.J. (also known as the Claremont synaxarion). Spasskij 1: 301.
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The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective
Slep Menology to the Slepe Apostolus, Macedonia, XII c. (listings for June
15Aug 31 are lost). Typeset edition by Ilinskij, G. A., Slepenskii apos-
tol XII veka, Moscow: Tip. G. Lissnera i D. Sobko, 1912.
Sof. Probably = Sof. M., 190 Slavic service menaia, Sofia Library collection,
XIXVII cc.
Sof. ev. No. 7 Menology to Russian gospel, XIV c., Sofia Library collection, Russian
Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
U. 1398 Studite Typikon, Russia, dated 1398. No. 333 in the Moscow Synod Li-
brary collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Spasskij 1: 157.
Xlud. 35. Unidentified Slavic calendar, Xlud. 35, Xludov collection, State Histori-
cal Museum, Moscow.
LXI. Greek menology from gospel fragments, No. LXI,Russian National Lib
rary, St. Petersburg. Spasskij 1: 101.
239. Prologue for Sept.Feb., Russia, XIII-XIV cc. No. 239,Moscow Synod
149
C. M. Vakareliyska
240. Prologue for Mar.Aug., Russia, 1400. No. 240, Moscow Synod Library
collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Based on first edition of
Bas (XI c.), according to Spasskij (2: xxviii).
248. Prologue, Russia, XV c. No. 248,Moscow Synod Library collection.
Based on second edition of Bas, according to Spasskij (2: xxix).
882 Menology to apostolus, western Bulgaria, XIII-XIV cc. NBKM No. 882,
SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Sofia.
1295 Greek synaxarion for Sept.Feb., XII c., Sin. gre. 354, Moscow Synod
Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Spasskij 1: 323ff.
Typeset edn. Archimandrite Vladimir (Filantropov), Sistematieskoe
opisane rukopisej Moskovskoj Sinodalnoj (Patriarej) biblioteki. . 1. Ru-
kopisi greeskie. Moscow 1894, 518-39.
1370. Verse prologue for Mar.Aug., Russia, dated 1370, Xludov collection,
State Historical Museum, Moscow.
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Novembris. Brussells: Typis Polleunis et Ceuterick, 1894.
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Herder, 1924.
Il Men. 1907. Il menologio di Basilio II (Cod. Vaticano Graeco 1613). Vol. 2. Tavole.
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Mazzocchi 174455: Mazzocchi, Alessio Simmaco. Commentarii in marmoreum Neapol.
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