9.2.

C - Ethanol

Topic Syllabus Dot-Points Summary

Reactions of describe the addition of water to The process is called hydration. The addition of water to ethylene is to use the oxyhydrogen
ethanol ethylene resulting in the production to break the double bond of ethylene. The catalyst is sulfuric acid which supplies H+ ions.
of ethanol and identify the need for a
catalyst in this process and the
catalyst used

Ethanol as a describe and account for the many Since ethanol has hydroxyl group, it is polar molecule, However the ethyl group is non-polar.
solvent uses of ethanol as a solvent for polar According to the structure, ethanol is able to attract both polar and non-polar molecules.
and non-polar substances Because of this, it is widely used as a solvent.

Fermentation describe conditions under which

The condition of fermentation includes
fermentation of sugars is promoted
summarise the chemistry of the 1:the amount of sugar in the solution
fermentation process 2:the presence of yeast

process information from secondary 3:the room temperature of around 37 degrees

sources to summarise the processes
 involved in the industrial production
of ethanol from sugar cane
present information from secondary
sources by writing a balanced
equation for the fermentation of
glucose to ethanol
Ethanol as a fuel outline the use of ethanol as a fuel
and explain why it can be called a
renewable resource
assess the potential of ethanol as an
alternative fuel and discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of its
use
process information from secondary
sources to summarise the use of
ethanol as an alternative car fuel,
evaluating the success of current
usage
4:the air which provides high concentration of oxygen
5:the fermentation only occurs when the volume of ethanol is less than 15%, since the
yeast is not able to survive
Under the conditions above, the yeast will firstly transfer starch and surcose into glucose
and fructose. Then the fermentation starts. The glucose and fructose will be transfer into
ethanol and carbon dioxide by the using of a special enzyme within the yeast.
The industrial way to product ethanol from sugar is to ferment the sugar cane under the
required conditions. Then distil the water to get the production of ethanol from the
solution.
The chemical equation of the process of fermentation of glucose to ethanol:
In the condition of oxygen, ethanol is able to combust and in order to produce carbon
dioxide and water. Since the ethanol contains oxygen, the combustion will always be
complete combustion and do not produce noxious gases. Because of the easy to burn
and transport, it is a good fuel for vehicles.
The circle of the production and combustion of ethanol
Since it is the circle, the ethanol is able to be called a renewable resource.
The advantages are
1: renewable
2:the les carbon dioxide(distil) and carbon oxide(complete combustion) will be produced
comparing to petro.
The disadvantages are
 1:large amount of land are required(environment problems)
2:much more expensive
Brazil is a great example of the using of ethanol as fuels instead of petrol. They
made ethanol from sugar canes. The productive of ethanol is showed below.

The using of ethanol in Australia is not that much, however most of the fuels contains about
10% of ethanol.

Resources Name and assess 5 of the secondary The 3 printed out recourses from magazines.
sources you used in the completion of
2: http://www.easychem.com.au/production-of-materials
this task in terms of reliability and
validity. 3: http://nsb.wikidot.com/hsc-chemistry
For reliability, ask yourself how consistent 4:the board of study material about production of materials
is the information with the information
5: https://hscstudylab.com.au/hsc-chemistry-module-1-focus-3
from other sources such as textbooks,
teachers etc.? The information are mostly from the magazines and reliable websites(.au). Hence I think
the reliability is fine.
For validity, ask yourself how did I gather
this information? Does the information I rearranged the ideas into my own words and did put some flow charts to help us
understand.
Ive obtained from this resource answer
the aims and/or relate to my hypothesis?
Simply put, it is the relevance of the
information to the investigation.