VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION ( 3 Phase Supply)

POWER FORMULA
VOLTAGE IN VOLTS
POWER (RECEIVING SIDE) IN KW
POWER CABLE SIZE FROM SENDING SIDE TO RECEIVING SIDE
CONSIDER POWER FACTOR COS =
Sin =
DISTANCE BETWEEN SENDING & RECEIVING SIDE IN METRES (L)

3
FIND THE AMPERE RATINGS OF THIS THREE PHASE POWER

LOAD CURRENT (I) =

VOLTAGE DROP Vd=

K=

R=

X=

n=

Let K=
n=
K* I=
(R COS + X SIN )=
Length (L)=
Vd=
% Vd=
% Vd=
 P = 3 V I COS
415 VOLT
371 KW
CU/XLPE/SWA/PVC + CU/PVC/ECC
0.8
0.6
15 m
0.015 KM
1.732
I = P (3 V COS )

645.19 AMPERES

K *I*(R *COS + X *SIN ) * L

n
2 for Single Phase & two Phase
System
3 for Three Phase System
Resistance of conductor @ 90 deg C
(/km)

Reactantce of Cable at 50 HZ (/km)

number of conductors in parallel per

phase
3
1
1117.4698795181
1.22
0.015
20.53
(Vd /Supply Voltage)*100
4.95
SIZE OF FOUR CORE CABLE 6 10 16 25 35 50 70
AC resistance of cond @ 90 deg C (/km) R 3.93 2.33 1.47 0.927 0.668 0.494 0.342
Reactance @ 50 Hz X 0.089 0.084 0.081 0.081 0.079 0.078 0.074

SIZE OF TWO CORE CABLE 6 10 16

AC resistance of cond @ 90 deg C (/km) R 3.93 2.33 1.47
Reactance @ 50 Hz X 0.089 0.084 0.081
 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
0.247 0.197 0.16 0.128 0.0989 0.0802 0.0645
0.073 0.072 0.073 0.072 0.071 0.071 0.07
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION ( Single Phase Supply)

POWER FORMULA
VOLTAGE IN VOLTS
POWER (RECEIVING SIDE) IN KW
POWER CABLE SIZE FROM SENDING SIDE TO RECEIVING SIDE
CONSIDER POWER FACTOR COS =
Sin =
DISTANCE BETWEEN SENDING & RECEIVING SIDE IN METRES (L)

FIND THE AMPERE RATINGS OF THIS THREE PHASE POWER

LOAD CURRENT (I) =

VOLTAGE DROP Vd=

K=

R=

X=

n=

Let K=
n=
K* I=
(R COS + X SIN )=
Length (L)=
Vd=
% Vd=
% Vd=
 P = V I COS
230 VOLT
2.5 KW
CU/XLPE/SWA/PVC + CU/PVC/ECC SIZE OF FOUR CORE CABLE
0.85 AC resistance of cond @ 90 deg C (/km) R
0.5267826876 Reactance @ 50 Hz X
90 m
0.09 KM

I = P V COS ) SIZE OF TWO CORE CABLE

AC resistance of cond @ 90 deg C (/km) R
12.79 AMPERES Reactance @ 50 Hz X

K *I*(R *COS + X *SIN ) * L

n
2 for Single Phase & two Phase
System
3 for Three Phase System
Resistance of conductor @ 90 deg C
(/km)

Reactantce of Cable at 50 HZ (/km)

number of conductors in parallel per

phase
2
1
25.5754475703
2.02
0.09
4.66
(Vd /Supply Voltage)*100
2.03
 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
3.93 2.33 1.47 0.927 0.668 0.494 0.342 0.247 0.197 0.16 0.128 0.0989 0.0802 0.0645
0.089 0.084 0.081 0.081 0.079 0.078 0.074 0.073 0.072 0.073 0.072 0.071 0.071 0.07

6 10 16
3.93 2.33 1.47
0.089 0.084 0.081
Electrical details:
Electrical load of 80KW, distance between source and load is 200 meters, system voltage 415V three phase, power factor is 0.8, permissible voltage dro
Cable laying detail:
Cable is directed buried in ground in trench at the depth of 1 meter. Ground temperature is approximate 35 Deg. Number of cable per trench is 1. Numb

Lets select 3.5 core 70 Sq.mm cable for single run., short circuit capacity = 6.6 KA.
Current capacity of 70 Sq.mm cable is: 170 Amp,
Resistance = 0.57 /Km and
Reactance = 0.077 mho/Km

VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

POWER FORMULA P = 3 V I COS

VOLTAGE IN VOLTS 415 VOLT
POWER (RECEIVING SIDE) IN KW 80 KW
POWER CABLE SIZE FROM SENDING SIDE TO RECEIVING SIDE CU/XLPE/SWA/PVC + CU/PVC/ECC
CONSIDER POWER FACTOR COS = 0.8
Sin = 0.6
DISTANCE BETWEEN SENDING & RECEIVING SIDE IN METRES (L) 200 m
0.2 KM
3 1.732
FIND THE AMPERE RATINGS OF THIS THREE PHASE POWER I = P (3 V COS )

LOAD CURRENT (I) = 139.12 AMPERES

VOLTAGE DROP Vd= K *I*(R *COS + X *SIN ) * L

n
2 for Single Phase & two Phase
K= System
3 for Three Phase System
 Lets select 3.5 core 95 Sq.mm cable for single run, short circuit capacity = 8.9
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION Current capacity of 95 Sq.mm cable is 200 Amp,

POWER FORMULA P = 3 V I COS

VOLTAGE IN VOLTS 415 VOLT
POWER (RECEIVING SIDE) IN KW 80 KW
POWER CABLE SIZE FROM SENDING SIDE TO RECEIVING SIDE CU/XLPE/SWA/PVC + CU/PVC/ECC
CONSIDER POWER FACTOR COS = 0.8
Sin = 0.6
DISTANCE BETWEEN SENDING & RECEIVING SIDE IN METRES (L) 200 m
0.2 KM
3 1.732
FIND THE AMPERE RATINGS OF THIS THREE PHASE POWER I = P (3 V COS )

LOAD CURRENT (I) = 139.12 AMPERES

VOLTAGE DROP Vd= K *I*(R *COS + X *SIN ) * L

n
2 for Single Phase & two Phase
K= System
3 for Three Phase System
Calculating Correction Factor of Cable from following data:

Temperature Correction Factor (K1) When Cable is in the Air

Temperature Correction Factor in Air: K1
Ambient Temperature Insulation

PVC XLPE/EPR
10 1.22 1.15
15 1.17 1.12
20 1.12 1.08
25 1.06 1.04
35 0.94 0.96
40 0.87 0.91
45 0.79 0.87
50 0.71 0.82
55 0.61 0.76
60 0.5 0.71
65 0 0.65
70 0 0.58
75 0 0.5
80 0 0.41

Ground Temperature Correction Factor (K2)

Ground Temperature Correction Factor: K2
Ground Temperature Insulation
PVC XLPE/EPR
10 1.1 1.07
15 1.05 1.04
20 0.95 0.96
25 0.89 0.93
35 0.77 0.89
40 0.71 0.85
45 0.63 0.8
50 0.55 0.76
55 0.45 0.71
60 0 0.65
65 0 0.6
70 0 0.53
75 0 0.46
80 0 0.38

Thermal Resistance Correction Factor (K4) for Soil (When Thermal Resistance of Soil is known)
 Soil Thermal Resistivity: 2.5 KM/W
Resistivity K3
1 1.18
1.5 1.1
2 1.05
2.5 1
3 0.96

Soil Correction Factor (K4) of Soil (When Thermal Resistance of Soil is not known)
Nature of Soil K3
Very Wet Soil 1.21
Wet Soil 1.13
Damp Soil 1.05
Dry Soil 1
Very Dry Soil 0.86

Cable Depth Correction Factor (K5)

Laying Depth (Meter) Rating Factor
0.5 1.1
0.7 1.05
0.9 1.01
1 1
1.2 0.98
1.5 0.96

Cable Distance correction Factor (K6)

No of Circuit Nil Cable diameter 0.125m 0.25m 0.5m
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.9
3 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.75 0.8
5 0.55 0.55 0.65 0.7 0.8
6 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.7 0.8

Cable Grouping Factor (No of Tray Factor) (K7)

No of Cable/Tray 1 2 3 4 6
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0.84 0.8 0.78 0.77 0.76
3 0.8 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.72
4 0.78 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.7
5 0.77 0.73 0.7 0.69 0.68
6 0.75 0.71 0.7 0.68 0.68
 7 0.74 0.69 0.675 0.66 0.66
8 0.73 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66

Cable is directed buried in ground in trench at the depth of 1 meter. Ground temperature is approximate 35 Deg. Nu

According to above detail correction factors:

Ground temperature correction factor (K2) = 0.89
Soil correction factor (K4) 1.05
Cable depth correction factor (K5) 1
Cable distance correction factor (K6) 1
Total derating factor = k1 k2 k3 K4 K5 K6 K7
Total derating factor = 0.9345
 8
1
0.75
0.71
0.69
0.67
0.66
 0.64
0.6

e is approximate 35 Deg. Number of cable per trench is 1. Number of run of cable is 1 run.
Selection of Cable
For selection of proper cable following conditions should be satisfied:
1. Cable derating amp should be higher than full load current of load.
2. Cable voltage drop should be less than defined voltage drop.
3. No. of cable runs (Full load current / Cable derating current).
4. Cable short circuit capacity should be higher than system short circuit capacity at that point.

Note : Requirement
Electrical details:
Electrical load of 80KW, distance between source and load is 200 meters, system voltage 415V three phase, power
Cable laying detail:
Cable is directed buried in ground in trench at the depth of 1 meter. Ground temperature is approximate 35 Deg. Nu

FULL LOAD CURRENT (I) =

Total derating factor =
Voltage Drop of 70 Sq.mm cable
Voltage Drop of 95 Sq.mm cable
Total derating current of 70 Sq.mm cable
Total derating current of 95 Sq.mm cable
70 Sq.mm cable for single run, short circuit capacity =
95 Sq.mm cable for single run, short circuit capacity =

To decide 95 Sq.mm cable, cable selection condition should be checked.

1. Cable derating Amp (187 Amp) is higher than full load current of load (139 Amp) = O.K
2. Cable voltage Drop (4.32%) is less than defined voltage drop (5%) = O.K
3. Number of cable runs (1) (139A / 187A = 0.78) = O.K
4. Cable short circuit capacity (8.9KA) is higher than system short circuit capacity at that point (6.6 KA) = O.K
95 Sq.mm cable satisfied all three condition, so it is advisable to use 3.5 Core 95 Sq.mm cable.
V three phase, power factor is 0.8, permissible voltage drop is 5%, demand factor is 1.

proximate 35 Deg. Number of cable per trench is 1. Number of run of cable is 1 run.

139.1 AMPERES
0.9345
5.8%
4.3% less than 5%
158.87 AMPERES
186.90 AMPERES
6.60 KA
8.90 KA

nt (6.6 KA) = O.K

 CAPACITOR BANK CALCULATION
Method-1
Total Connected Load in KW
Non Corrected Power Factor COS =
Initial Power Factor COS =
SIN
TAN
Desired Power Factor COS=
SIN
TAN
Power Factor Correction KVAr =

Calculated Power Factor Correction KVAr =

Let Actual correction applied in KVAr =
Then
Actual Corrected Power Factor COS

Actual Correction Applied in KVAr) / Total Connected Load (KW)

TAN(COS1)- (Actual Correction Applied in KVAr) / Total Connected Load (KW))
TAN
Actual Corrected Power Factor COS

Method-2
Total Connected Load in KW
Non Corrected Power Factor COS =
Initial Power Factor COS =
Present KVA=
Present KVAr=
Present KVAr=
Desired Power Factor COS=
New KVA=

New KVA=
New KVAr=
New KVAr=

Calculated Corrected Power Factor COS

LATION

415.7 KW
0.6
0.6
0.80
1.33
0.95
0.31
0.33
(TAN(COS) - TAN(COS)) X
Total Connected Load (KW)
417.63 KVAr
400 KVAr

COS(TAN( TAN(COS1)- (Actual

Correction Applied in KVAr) / Total
Connected Load (KW)))

0.96
0.37
0.37
0.938

415.7 KW
0.6
0.6
692.83 KVA
(Required KVA)2- (KW)2 KVAr
554.267 KVAr
0.95
(Initial Power Factor COS/Desired KVA
Power Factor COS) X Present KVA

437.58 KVA
(Required KVA)2- (KW)2
136.634 KVAr

417.63 KVAr
Initial Condition with Non Corrected Power Factor
Power Formula
Voltage in Volt
Power (Receiving Side) in KW
Considered Power Factor COS =
Sin =
3
Find the Ampere Ratings of this three phase power
Initial Load Current (I) =

Final Condition with Corrected Power Factor

Power Formula
Voltage in Volt
Power (Receiving Side) in KW

Considered Power Factor COS =

Sin =
3
Find the Ampere Ratings of this three phase power
Corrected Load Current (I) =

Achievement
Initial Load Current (I) =
Original Load =
Corrected Load Current (I) =
Corrected Load =
Reduction in Current (I)
Reduction in Load
Capacitor value required

Demand charges / kVA =

Unit cost of Capacitor / kVAR=
Cost of Saving
Annual cost savings due to reduction in kVA=

Annual cost savings due to reduction in kVA=

Cost of implementation
Cost of capacitor bank

Cost of capacitor bank

Simple Payback period

Required Capacity of Capacitor in Farads/Microfarads

Frequency (f)
System Voltage in Volt
Required Capacity of Capacitor in Farads/Microfarads
Required Capacity of Capacitor in Farads/Microfarads
 P = 3 V I COS
415 VOLT
415.7 KW
0.600
0.800
1.732
I = P (3 V COS )
963.90 AMPERES

P = 3 V I COS
415 VOLT
415.7 KW

0.938
0.348
1.732
I = P (3 V COS )
616.88 AMPERES

963.90 AMPERES
692.83 KVA
616.88 AMPERES
443.40 KVA
347.02 AMPERES
249.43 KVA
400 KVAr

150 Rs./KVA
300 Rs.

kVA (savings) x Rs. / kVA x 12 Months

448977.7 RUPEES / YEAR

KVAr (Required) X Rs./ kVAr RUPEES

120000 RUPEES

0.27 YEAR

kVAR / (2 f V2)
50 Hz
415 VOLT
7.397E-06 farads
7.397 Microfarads
S/No. Item Name Qty. Voltage Ampere Wattage VA
1 Bulb 50 240 0.25 3000 3000
2 Motor 16 240 2 7680 7680

Total 10680 10680

KW 10.68
 UPS CALCULATION

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD IN KW = 10

LOAD POWER FACTOR COS = 0.9

CONVERT TCL IN KW TO KVA

KVA = KW
COS

KVA = 11.11

LOAD EFFICIENCY FACTOR IS 0.9

KVA = 12.35

SPARE TO BE CONSIDERED @ 30% 1.3

KVA = 16.05

AGING FACTOR & DESIGN MARGIN @ 10% 1.1

KVA = 17.65

TOTAL UPS RATING IS 11 KVA ROUNDED UP

AS PER THE MANUFACTURER STANDARD, UPS RATINGS TO BE CONSIDERED & SELECTED

12 KVA
 TRUNKING CALCULATION

SIZE OF SINGLE CORE WIRE 1.5 2.5 4 6

DIAMETER OF SINGLE CORE WIRE 14 15 17 18

STANDA

NOMINAL CONDUCTOR SIZE IN SQ.MM

FACTOR FOR COPPER OR ALUMINIUM

CONDUCTORS

STANDAR

TRUNKING SIZE CAPACITY FACTOR

50 X 50 MM 1,037
75 X 50 MM 1,555
75 X 75 MM 2,371
100 X 50 MM 2,091
100 X 75 MM 3,189
100 X 100 MM 4,252

AS PER QCS 2014

SPACE FACTOR 35% SHOULD NOT BE EXCEEDED

TRUNKING CALCULA

WIRE SIZE
S.NO. NO OF CIRCUITS
IN SQ.MM

TO DETERMINE THE TRUNKING SIZE NEEDED, MULTIPLY 1 2.5 8

THE QUANTITIES OF EACH CABLE BY THE APPROPRIATE
FACTOR MENTIONED IN THE ABOVE TABLE AND COMPARE 2 4 13
THE TOTAL WITH THE TRUNKING CAPACITY FIGURES
GIVEN IN THE ABOVE TABLE.
TO DETERMINE THE TRUNKING SIZE NEEDED, MULTIPLY
THE QUANTITIES OF EACH CABLE BY THE APPROPRIATE
FACTOR MENTIONED IN THE ABOVE TABLE AND COMPARE
THE TOTAL WITH THE TRUNKING CAPACITY FIGURES
GIVEN IN THE ABOVE TABLE.
3

1. TOTAL CAPACITY UNITS AS PER THE ABOVE TABLE FOR

75X75MM CABLE TRUNKING

2. OCCUPANCY/SPACE FACTOR AS PER QCS 2014 @ 35%

3. SO TOTAL CAPACITY UNITS FOR 75X75MM TRUNKING

CONSIDERING THE OCCUPANCY/SPACE FACTOR

4. TOTAL FACTOR IS COMING AS PER THE ACTUAL REQU

SO 75X75MM TRUNKING IS ENOUGH FOR THE ABOVE

REQUIREMENTS
 STANDARD TRUNKING CABLE FACTORS

1.5 1.5 2.5

SIZE IN SQ.MM SOLID STRANDED 2.5 SOLID STRANDED 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95

R ALUMINIUM 8.6 9.6 11.9 13.9 18.1 22.9 36.3 50.3 75.4 95 133 177 227
RS

STANDARD TRUNKING CAPACITY FACTORS

CAPACITY FACTOR TRUNKING SIZE CAPACITY FACTOR

1,037 150 X 75 MM 4,743

1,555 150 X 100 MM 6,394
2,371 150 X 150 MM 9,697
2,091 200 X 100 MM 8,572
3,189 225 X 150 MM 14,652
4,252 300 X 150 MM 19,607

TRUNKING CALCULATOR

RECOMMENDED TOTAL
NO OF CIRCUITS NO OF WIRES FACTOR PER WIRE FACTOR

8 24 13.9 333.6

13 39 18.1 705.9
 TOTAL FACTOR 1039.5

S PER THE ABOVE TABLE FOR 2,371

UNKING

OR AS PER QCS 2014 @ 35% 829.85

S FOR 75X75MM TRUNKING AFTER 1,541

NCY/SPACE FACTOR

G AS PER THE ACTUAL REQUIREMENT 1039.5

ENOUGH FOR THE ABOVE