Simplified analysis of lateral load distribution in structures consisting of

frames, single shear wall, coupled shear wall, and cores

BY :Moaz Mohamed Osman

 Assignment No. 2

Simplified analysis of lateral load distribution in structures consisting of

frames, single shear wall, coupled shear wall, and cores

1. Asumptions:
Structue Asymmetrical building shown in figure (1) .
Consists of double U-shaped core, one couple shear walls, two ridig frames and one shear
wall.
Assumed that the building has 12 stories.
Story height of 3.5m and all the columns are 0.8m deep and 0.3m wide and the connecting
beams have depth of 0.6m and 0.3m width .
Uniformly distributed wind loading normal to the long face with intensity of 1.5 kN/m2.

Figure 1: the horizontal layout of the building.

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 1

 Assignment No. 2

1.1.Geometry of the building:

Height of the Building, H = 42 M
Width of the Building, B = 20.3 M
Story Height, h = 3.5 M
Distance between the datum and Diaph. Centre, Zt = 10.15 M
Cross Section of all Columns, Ac = 0.3 0.8 m2
Cross section of all Girders, Ag = 0.3 0.6 m2

1.2. External Load and Reference Levels:

Wind Pressure, w = 1.5 kN/m2

Wind Shear Per meter Height = 1.5 20.3 = 30.45 kN/m height
Torsion per meter Height = 30.45 10.15 = 309.1 kNm/m height
Number of reference levels, n = 4 reference levels
order of polynomial series, m = 2

0
= 0.25
0.5
0.75

0
xi = 10.5
21
31.5

External shear force at difference reference levels:

0 0 kN
W= 30.45 10.5 = 319.725 kN
21 639.45 kN
31.5 959.175 kN

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 2

 Assignment No. 2

External shear force at difference reference levels:

0 0 kNm
MT = 309.1 319.725 = 3245.21 kNm
639.45 6490.42 kNm
959.175 9735.6 kNm

2. Properties of Structural Systems:

2.1.Assembly 1 : Coupled Shear Walls:

The torsional stiffness may be taken as the sum of the torsional stiffnesses of the individual
walls.
neglecting the influence of the connecting beams.

2.1.1. Assembly 1: Coupled shear walls

Elastic Modulus, E = 2 107 kN/m2

Poison ratio, v = 0.2

Shear Modulus, = = 8333333 kN/m2
2(1 + )
Wall 1:

Length, L1 = 5 M
Thickness, t1 = 0.3 M
Area, A1 = 1.5 m2
Moment of Inertia, I1 = 3.125 m4
Wall 2:

Length, L2 = 5 M
Thickness, t2 = 0.3 M
Area, A2 = 1.5 m2
Moment of Inertia, I2 = 3.125 m4

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 3

 Assignment No. 2

Beam:

Depth of beam, d = 0.6 M

width of beam, b = 0.3 M
Moment of Inertia, I = 0.0054 m4
Span, S = 2.6 M
1 2 7.6 M
= + + =
2 2
= 0.333 3 = 187500 kN/m2
I = I1 + I2 = 6.25 m4
A= A1 + A2 = 3 m2
Zt = 20.15 M

2.2.Assemby (3-4): Coupled Core:

For the coupled core structure as shown below, the bending actions can be considered as that of
bending an ordinary cantilever beam about axis X-X.

b= = 1.7 m
tw = = 0.3 m
tf = = 0.3 m
h= = 4.0 m
= 2 107 kN/m2
Elastic Modulus, E =
Poison ratio, v = = 0.2

Shear Modulus, G = = 8333333 kN/m2
2(1 + )
Moment of Inertia, I = = 10.71 m4

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 4

 Assignment No. 2

3 3
2 +
Torsional Constant, Jo = 2[ ] = 0.1332 m4
3

Warping Inertia, Iw = 3 2 3 + 2 = 3.6259 m6

2( [ ])
12 6 +
Distance from the datum, Zt = = 10.15 m

2.3.Assembly 6: Shear Wall:

The length of the shear walls, L = = 5 m
Thickness of shear walls, t = = 0.3 m
Moment of Inertia, I = = 3.125 m4
Torsional Stiffness, C = GJo = = 375000 kN/m2
Distance from the datum, Zt = = 0.15 m

2.4. Assemblies 2 - 5: Ridig Frames:

The ridig frames 2 and 5 have same properties.

All the columns have the same sections and orientation, and girders have the same section.

2.4.1. Assembly 2: Rigid Frame

Columns:
Depth of the column section = 0.8 M
Wdth of the column section = 0.3 M
Moment of Inertia, Ic = 0.0128 m4
Column Height = 3.5 m
C = Ic/h = 0.014629 m3
Girders:
Depth of girder section = 0.6 m
width of girder section = 0.3 m
moment of inertia, Ig = 0.0054 m4
Span = 4 m
G = Ig/h = 0.00405 m3
12
= = 217499.98885 kN
1 1
( + )
Distance from the datum, Zt = 16.15 m

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 5

 Assignment No. 2

2.4.2. Assembly 5: Rigid Frame

Same as the above assembly, the only difference is the distance from the datum.
Distance from the datum, Zt = 4.15 m

3. Evaluation of flexibility influence coefficient matrices

The flexibility coefficients represent the relationship between either the deflection or the rotation at
any level on the assembly and either a point Po or torque To at the top or a distributed load or torque.
The appropriate load displacement relatioships for the various elements considered are then as
follows:
3.1. Coupled Shear Walls:
The flexibility is the displacement per unit load, therefore we estabilish the flexilbility matrix by
substituting a unit load in equation (20) and equation (24) for different loads.
The load-displacement relationship is:
0 3 1 sinh sinh
= [ (1 )( 3 3 + 2) + 2 (1 + )]
6 cosh
4 ! ! ( + 3)!
+ {(1 ) [ +4 + ]
( + 4)! ( + 3)! ( + 3)!
! 2 1 ! 1 cosh 1 sinh sinh
2
[ ( + )+ ( 2 )] 2 ( + 3) (1 + )
2 2 cosh 2 +1 cosh

! ! ( + 3)! 1 !
+ [( +4 + ) (1
( + 4) ( + 3) ( + 4)! 2 ( + 1)!
=0
sinh sinh
+ )] 2 ( + 1) }
cosh 2

12
2 = = 0.001281
3
19.65003
2 = 2 2 ( + 1) =
1 2
= 4.432835
2 2
= = .873916
2

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 6

 Assignment No. 2

\i 0 0 1 2

0 4.53E-05 -4.02E-02 -1.53E-02 -7.99E-03

F1 = 0.25 2.98E-05 -2.75E-02 -1.05E-02 -5.49E-03

0.5 1.57E-05 -1.55E-02 -5.98E-03 -3.07E-03

0.75 4.75E-06 -5.84E-03 -2.31E-03 -1.29E-03

Torsion rotation relationship.

!
= [T0 (1 ) + t (1 +2 )]
( + 2)!

\i 0 0 1 2

0 0.000056 0.001176 0.000392 0.000196

F' = 0.25 0.000042 0.001103 0.000386 0.000195

0.5 0.000028 0.000882 0.000343 0.000184

0.75 0.000014 0.000515 0.000227 0.000134

3.2. Coupled Core:

Load Translation displacement

3
3 1 1 ! ! ( + 3)!
= [P0 ( + ) + ( +4 + )]
6 2 3 ( + 4)! ( + 3)! ( + 4)!
Flexural Flexibility:
\i 0 0 1 2

0 0.000115 0.001816 0.000484 0.0002018

0.25 7.3E-05 0.001213 0.000333 0.0001412

F1 =
0.5 3.6E-05 0.000643 0.000185 8.134E-05

0.75 9.91E-06 0.000192 5.9E-05 2.736E-05

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 7

 Assignment No. 2

Torsion Rotation relationship:

2 3 sinh tanh
= T0 { + 1}
2 cosh

2 4 !
+ t 4 { [ n2 ( +2 1)
(i n + 2)!
=0
! sinh sinh
+
n1 ( + 1)! cosh
! 2 (

+ (tanh sinh cosh tanh sinh + cosh )] + 1)
n ( )! 2
! sinh tanh
+ ( + 1) 2 ( + 2) }
n1 cosh 2

1 -8
2 = = 1.3810

0 2
2 = . = 18.75

= 4.3302
Torsional flexibility:
\i 0 0 1 2

0 -3.06E-05 -2.30E-02 -1.95E-02 -5.43E-03

0.25 -2.12E-05 -1.93E-02 -1.41E-02 -3.42E-03

F'2 =
0.5 -1.22E-05 -1.33E-02 -9.79E-03 -2.39E-03

0.75 -4.16E-06 -5.29E-03 -6.85E-03 -1.11E-03

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 8

 Assignment No. 2

3.3. Shear Wall :

Load deflection relationship for the shear wall is:
3 3 1 ! ! ( + 3)!
= [ { + } + { +4 + }]
6 3 3 ( + 4)! ( + 3)! ( + 4)!
Flexural flexibility:
\i 0 0 1 2

0 0.000395 0.006223 0.00166 0.0006915

0.25 0.00025 0.004157 0.001141 0.0004841

F1 =
0.5 0.000123 0.002204 0.000635 0.0002788

0.75 3.4E-05 0.000656 0.000202 9.376E-05

Torsion rotation relationship:

!
= { (1 ) + (1 +2 )}
( + 2)!
Torsioanl Flexibility:
\i 0 0 1 2

0 0.000112 0.002352 0.000784 0.000392

0.25 0.000084 0.002205 0.000772 0.00039

F'2 =
0.5 0.000056 0.001764 0.000686 0.000368

0.75 0.000028 0.001029 0.000453 0.000268

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 9

 Assignment No. 2

3.4. Rigid Frame:

The load deflection relationship for rigid frame is:
2 !
= (1 ) + (1 +2 )
( + 2)!
The Flexibility:
\i 0 0 1 2

0 0.000193 0.004055 0.001352 0.0006759

0.25 0.000145 0.003802 0.001331 0.0006732

F1 =
0.5 9.66E-05 0.003041 0.001183 0.0006336

0.75 4.83E-05 0.001774 0.000781 0.000462

The torsional stiffness of frame assemblies may be neglected in comparison to the shearing
stiffness.
\i 0 1 2

0 0 0 0 0

0.25 0 0 0 0
F'1 =
0.5 0 0 0 0

0.75 0 0 0 0

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 10

 Assignment No. 2

4. Inverse of flexibility matrices:

4.1. Couple Shear walls:

Inverse of flexural flexibility:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 -3.49E+05 1.13E+06 -9.71E+05 -3.23E+05

0.25 -4.59E+03 1.06E+04 -6.50E+03 -1.17E+03

=
0.5 1.24E+04 -2.55E+04 1.09E+04 6.11E+03

0.75 -2.59E+03 1.80E+03 6.40E+03 -7.61E+03

Inverse of torsional flexibility:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 -7.02E+06 2.27E+07 -1.96E+07 -6.50E+06

0.25 -9.25E+04 2.13E+05 -1.31E+05 -2.36E+04

=
0.5 2.49E+05 -5.14E+05 2.20E+05 1.23E+05

0.75 -5.23E+04 3.62E+04 1.29E+05 -1.53E+05

4.2.Coupled Core:

Inverse of flexibility flexibility

\i 0 0 1 2

0 996416.4 -2872433 3281050 -2273275

, = 0.25 -218587 701534.9 -923282 735101.1

0.5 958211.9 -3289494 4758017 -4229349

0.75 -896849 3222361 -4984590 4833542

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 11

 Assignment No. 2

Inverse of torsional flexibility:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 10113627 -29155192.7 33302653.06 -23073741.5

0.25 -2218660 7120578.771 -9371311.95 7461276.32

, =
0.5 9725850.3 -33388359.8 48293877.55 -42927891.2

0.75 -9103013 32706964.69 -50593586 49060447.04

4.3. Shear wall

Inverse of flexibility flexibility

\i 0 0 1 2

0 290737.8 -838128 957355.7 -663304

0.25 -63780.1 204696.2 -269398 214490.3

=
0.5 279590.3 -959820 1388310 -1234054

0.75 -261685 940231.4 -1454420 1410347

Inverse of torsional flexibility:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 43610.663 -125719.222 143603.3597 -99495.5805

0.25 -9567.015 30704.43165 -40409.7499 32173.54321

=
0.5 41938.544 -143972.933 208246.5639 -185108.057

0.75 -39252.82 141034.71 -218163.067 211552.0649

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 12

 Assignment No. 2

4.4. Rigid Frame :

Inverse of flexibility flexibility:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 43154.76 -82857.1 62142.85 -27619

, = 0.25 -5753.97 17097.5 -18741.5 9206.349

0.5 19727.89 -71020.4 94693.87 -55238.1

0.75 -15782.3 63129.25 -94693.9 63129.25

Inverse of torsional flexibility:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 179092.25 -343857.125 257892.8435 -114619.042

, 0.25 -23878.97 70954.64477 -77777.2068 38206.34719

0.5 81870.744 -294734.678 392979.5711 -229238.083

0.75 -65496.6 261986.3807 -392979.571 261986.3807

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 13

 Assignment No. 2

5. Summation of flexibility matrices:

\i 0 0 1 2

0 1.02E+06 -2.75E+06 3.39E+06 -3.31E+06

0.25 -2.98E+05 9.51E+05 -1.24E+06 9.67E+05

6=1 1 =
0.5 1.29E+06 -4.42E+06 6.35E+06 -5.57E+06

0.75 -1.19E+06 4.29E+06 -6.62E+06 6.36E+06

\i 0 0 1 2

0 4.01E+06 -8.27E+06 1.51E+07 -3.02E+07

0.25 -2.44E+06 7.71E+06 -9.92E+06 7.66E+06

6=1 1 =
0.5 1.04E+07 -3.55E+07 5.06E+07 -4.41E+07

0.75 -9.51E+06 3.42E+07 -5.26E+07 5.04E+07

Where zj is distance of each assembly from the datum O shown in figure 1.

\i 0 0 1 2

0 -2.67E+07 1.38E+08 -3.83E+07 -3.73E+08

0.25 -2.60E+07 8.14E+07 -1.03E+08 7.79E+07

7=1 1 2 + 1
=
0.5 1.09E+08 -3.69E+08 5.21E+08 -4.49E+08

0.75 -9.79E+07 3.51E+08 -5.38E+08 5.13E+08

Where zj is distance of each assembly from the datum O shown in figure 1.

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 14

 Assignment No. 2

6. Calculation Deflection and Rotation:

6.1.Deflection:

2
+1
=1+
+1
=0

\i 0 0 1 2

0 1 0 0 0

0.25 1 10.5 1.3125 0.21875

S=
0.5 1 21 5.25 1.75

0.75 1 31.5 11.8125 5.90625

1 = 1
=1

\i 0 0 1 2
0 1.02E+06 -2.75E+06 3.39E+06 -3.31E+06

0.25 -6.77E+05 2.38E+06 -2.71E+06 9.21E+05

G1 =
0.5 -5.60E+05 1.54E+06 -8.47E+05 -1.11E+06

0.75 -1.88E+05 3.75E+05 2.95E+05 -1.05E+06

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 15

 Assignment No. 2

2 = 1
=1

\i 0 0 1 2
0 4.01E+06 -8.27E+06 1.51E+07 -3.02E+07

0.25 -9.99E+06 3.36E+07 -3.41E+07 3.29E+06

G2 =
0.5 -9.14E+06 2.72E+07 -1.94E+07 -1.28E+07

0.75 -5.92E+06 1.72E+07 -9.91E+06 -1.24E+07

1
3 = 1 2 + ( )
=1

\i 0 0 1 2
0 -2.67E+07 1.38E+08 -3.83E+07 -3.73E+08

0.25 -1.78E+08 5.84E+08 -5.54E+08 -3.24E+07

G3 =
0.5 -1.70E+08 5.22E+08 -4.06E+08 -1.97E+08

0.75 -1.33E+08 4.10E+08 -3.02E+08 -1.94E+08

\i 0 0 1 2
0 7.97E-08 1.03E-06 -3.78E-06 3.98E-06

0.25 -5.50E-08 5.50E-07 -2.43E-06 2.79E-06

21 =
0.5 -8.23E-08 2.19E-07 -1.33E-06 1.63E-06

0.75 -4.87E-08 9.64E-08 -5.05E-07 5.85E-07

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 16

 Assignment No. 2

\i 0 0 1 2
0 1.16E+01 3.82E+00 6.09E+00 -3.49E+00

0.25 8.25E-01 1.33E+01 7.84E+00 -3.96E+00

G3G2-1 =
0.5 7.39E-01 2.91E+00 1.86E+01 -4.35E+00

0.75 1.12E+00 3.11E+00 8.32E+00 5.15E+00

\i 0 0 1 2
0 6.55E+06 -1.47E+07 2.28E+07 -3.80E+07

0.25 -1.18E+07 3.99E+07 -4.11E+07 5.00E+06

G3G2-1G1 =
0.5 -1.08E+07 3.19E+07 -2.24E+07 -1.58E+07

0.75 -6.58E+06 1.91E+07 -1.02E+07 -1.55E+07

\i 0 0 1 2
0 -2.54E+06 6.48E+06 -7.67E+06 7.79E+06

0.25 1.81E+06 -6.33E+06 6.98E+06 -1.71E+06

G2 - G3G2-1G1 =
0.5 1.67E+06 -4.77E+06 3.00E+06 2.96E+06

0.75 6.63E+05 -1.82E+06 2.59E+05 3.02E+06

\i 0 0 1 2
0 6.85E-07 -4.02E-06 1.25E-05 -1.63E-05

0.25 8.44E-07 -2.20E-06 8.27E-06 -1.15E-05

(G2 - G3G2-1G1 )-1 =
0.5 6.62E-07 -9.06E-07 4.72E-06 -6.85E-06

0.75 3.02E-07 -3.70E-07 1.84E-06 -2.46E-06

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 17

 Assignment No. 2

1.77E+03

5.46E+03
G3G2-1W =
8.65E+03

1.13E+04

-1.77E+03

-2.21E+03
MT - G3G2-1W =
-2.16E+03

-1.52E+03

xi (m) y (m)
0 0.005404914

10.5 0.00301184

(G2 - G3G2-1G1 )-1 (MT - G3G2-1W) = 21 0.00102497

Deflection y =
31.5 0.00408466

6.2. Rotation:
\i 0 0 1 2
0 1.15E-01 -2.96E-02 -4.65E-02 2.66E-02

0.25 -6.44E-03 1.02E-01 -5.98E-02 3.02E-02

G1G2-1 =
0.5 -5.82E-03 -2.28E-02 6.21E-02 3.31E-02

0.75 -8.74E-03 -2.43E-02 -6.31E-02 1.64E-01

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 18

 Assignment No. 2

\i 0 0 1 2
0 6.56E+06 -1.48E+07 2.28E+07 -3.80E+07

0.25 -1.18E+07 3.99E+07 -4.10E+07 5.02E+06

G1G2-1G3 =
0.5 -1.08E+07 3.19E+07 -2.24E+07 -1.58E+07

0.75 -6.56E+06 1.90E+07 -1.01E+07 -1.54E+07

\i 0 0 1 2
0 -2.56E+06 6.51E+06 -7.69E+06 7.78E+06

0.25 1.79E+06 -6.30E+06 6.96E+06 -1.73E+06

G2 - G1G2-1G3 =
0.5 1.65E+06 -4.73E+06 2.97E+06 2.94E+06

0.75 6.42E+05 -1.76E+06 2.14E+05 3.00E+06

\i 0 0 1 2
0 6.78E-07 -4.03E-06 1.23E-05 -1.62E-05

0.25 8.38E-07 -2.21E-06 8.17E-06 -1.15E-05

(G2 - G1G2-1G3 )-1 =
0.5 6.58E-07 -9.13E-07 4.67E-06 -6.82E-06

0.75 3.00E-07 -3.73E-07 1.83E-06 -2.45E-06

-1.39E+02

2.37E+02
G1G2-1MT =
6.52E+02

1.11E+03

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 19

 Assignment No. 2

1.39E+02

8.29E+01
W- G3G2-1MT =
-1.22E+01

-1.52E+02

xi (m)
0 0.00207862
Rotation = 10.5 0.001581738
21 0.000994243
31.5 0.000622956

7. Lateral load (P) and Deflection (t) of each assmbly :

Yj = y + 0 z j

Latetral load p = Fj-1. Y

Defllection t = Fj'-1 . 0

FOR couple shear wall :

-77.7338

6.494598
P=
-30.5318

19.28102

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 20

 Assignment No. 2

36.622711

-0.9460121
T=
10.719207

-15.620773

For Coupled Core :

-230.913

22.03479
P=
-1.12701

67.6977

-37.242211

-0.0421258
T=
0.0034484

-0.0073995

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 21

 Assignment No. 2

For shear wall:

0.503592

4.373211
P=
-6.54183

-15.679

18.311356

-0.4730061
T=
5.3596036

-7.8103865

For Rigid Frames :

At 4.15m form the datum

90.34827

0.419762
P=
0.448884

-8.46971

0
T=
0

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 22

 Assignment No. 2

At 16.15m :

217.7953
P=
-2.87236

37.75172

-62.83

0
T=
0

MOAZ MOHAMED OSMAN 23