CCN2024 Logic & Reasoning Semester Two 2015/2016

Tutorial 7 Applications of Sentential Logic

2. Ask the question Is it true that you are a knight if and only if today is Friday? If the
answer is yes, then today is Friday; if the answer is no, then today is not Friday.

Let A = You are a knight; B = Today is Friday

A B AB Answer
T T T Yes
T F F No
F T F Yes
F F T No

3.

A B C D1 D2 D3 D4
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F

B and C, but not A, stole the ring.

4.

A B C SA SB SC
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F

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No solution.
5.

Suppose that A is a moral saint. Then according to what A says, both B and E are moral
saints too, contradicting the assumption that there are only two moral saints. So, A is a
normal person.

Suppose that E is a moral saint. Then according to what E says, both B and C are normal
persons. Since A is a normal person and there are only three normal people, D is a moral
saint, but then according to what D says, E is not a moral saint, contradicting the
assumption that E is a moral saint. So, E is a normal person.

Suppose C is a moral saint. Then according to what C says, D is a normal person. Then,
we have A, E and D are normal persons and C and B are moral saints. But then according
to what B says, C is not a moral saint, contradicting the assumption that C is a moral
saint. So, C is a normal person.

So, A, C and E are normal persons. B and D are moral saints.

6.

From Ys saying I dont know what this card is, Z can now infer that the rank of the
card must be one among {A, Q, 4, 5} because each of these ranks has more than one
occurrence (and that is why Y doesnt know what this card is).

From Zs saying I know that you dont know what this card is, Y can now infer that the
suit of the card must be one among {, } because all the ranks of these two suits belong
to {A, Q, 4, 5} (and that is why Z knows that Y doesnt know what this card is).

From Ys saying Now I know what this card is, Z can now infer that the rank of the
card must be one among {Q, 4, 5}. (It cant be A because otherwise Y wouldnt have
known what the card was as it could be A or A.)

From Zs saying Now I also know what this card is, X can now infer that the card must
be 5 because otherwise the card could be Q or 4 and Z wouldnt have known what
the card was.

So, this card is 5.

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7.

A, B and D are football team members.

Analyze the first statement. There are four possible cases:

A B First Statement
----------------------------------------------------
Case 1 basketball basketball true impossible
Case 2 basketball football false impossible
Case 3 football basketball false possible
Case 4 football football true possible

Only cases 3 and 4 are possible. So, A is a football team member.

Analyze the last statement. Since A belongs to football team, this statement is false. So, E
is a basketball team member. Analyze the fourth statement. Since E belongs to basketball
team, this statement is false. So, D is a football team member. Analyze the third
statement. Since D belongs to football team, this statement is false. So, C is a basketball
team member. Analyze the second statement. Since C belongs to basketball team, this
statement is false. So, B is a football team member.

So, A, B and D are football team members.

8.

When B first says he doesnt know his number we can infer that Cs number is not 1, for
otherwise he would immediately know that his number is 2. When C first says that he
doesnt know his number we can infer that Bs number is not 1 or 2, for otherwise he
would immediately know that his number is 2 or 3.

When B then says he doesnt know his number we can infer that Cs number is not 2 or 3,
for otherwise he would immediately know that his number is 3 or 4. When C then says
that he doesnt know his number we can infer that Bs number is not 3 or 4, for otherwise
he would immediately know that his number is 4 or 5.

When B again says he doesnt know his number we can infer that Cs number is not 4 or
5, for otherwise he would immediately know that his number is 5 or 6. When C again
says that he doesnt know his number we can infer that Bs number is not 5 or 6, for
otherwise he would immediately know that his number is 6 or 7.

When B says he knows his number we can infer that Cs number is 7. Since Bs number
cannot be 6, it must be 8. (OR we can infer that Cs number is 6. Since Bs number
cannot be 5, it must be 7.)

So, Bs number is 8 and Cs number is 7. (OR Bs number is 7 and Cs number is 6.)