VIRUS HISTORY Explanat ion of Disease

The Zika virus is caused by a bite from an

Identified in a sentinel rhesus
monkey, which was part of a
1947
study of viruses in the Zika
Forest of Uganda
Collected from a pool of Aedes
1948 africanus mosquitoes from Zika
forest
Infected children found in
1968 Nigeria and other parts of
Africa
2007 Small outbreak in Micronesia
infected mosquito and may lead to
symptoms that typically last 2-7 days,
following an incubation period of 3 to 12
days. The virus itself is a member of the ZIKA VIRUS
Flaviviridae family and is closely related to
yellow fever, dengue, West Nile virus, and
Japanese encephalitis. The pathogen may
remain in both blood and semen, helping
it spread from person to person. Since
the pathogen may be carried through the
blood, it can affect the entire body,
leading to systemic symptoms.

Spread to Americas and

2014
infected people in Chile

Large outbreak in Brazil leads

2015
to epidemiological alert

Spreads around world and first

2016
Zika-related death in U.S.
New Ongoing Historical Future risk
Types of Zika Cases
Unit ed St at es Cases
For more information visit
In October 2017, 5,559 symptomatic
Zika virus cases were reported in the Centers for Disease Control
United States, and 37,075 symptomatic 800-CDC-INFO WHAT YOU NEED TO
Zika virus cases were reported in the KNOW ABOUT ZIKA
Centers for Disease Control Website
United States territories.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html
The risk of contracting Zika is
currently highest in Central and South World Health Organization Website Julia Forsman, Kiana Murdock, Katelyn
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/ Stebbins, Rick Gambuti
America, Asia, and parts of Africa.
 CAUSES
The Zika Virus is spread:
- Aedes species mosquito
bites
-Sexual contact from an infected
human
- Blood transfusions
- Mother to fetus blood interactions.
DIAGNOSIS/ TESTING
A doctor should interview the patient
about recent travel to Zika-prone areas
and check for signs and symptoms of the
disease. Urine and blood samples may
also be taken to confirm diagnosis. Tests
are often done if the patient is pregnant
or trying to become pregnant.
Sympt omat ic Pregnant W omen:
Nucleic acid test (NAT) and IgM serology
tests are recommended up to 12 weeks
after symptoms begin.
Pregnant W omen at Risk of Exposure:
NAT testing is recommended three times
during the course of a
pregnancy, but IgM serology is
not recommended.
Positive or inconclusive tests
may be followed up with an
ultrasound or amniocentesis
due to the risk of birth defects.
SIGNS & SYM PTOM S RISK GROUPS
Individuals may be at risk for Zika
if they:
- Have a history of sexual partners
who have been exposed to or
infected with Zika.
- Lived in places like Africa, Asia, the
Caribbean, South America and
Mexico where the Zika risk is higher.
- Have traveled to areas with high risk
of Zika. Note: Travelers can consult
the CDC Zika website for a current
map of the highest risk areas.
Symptoms of Zika Virus
(duration 2-7 days) PREVENTION
-Virus increases risk of patient developing
Guillain-Barre Syndrome. It is vit al f or w om en w h o ar e pr egn an t or t r yin g
t o becom e pr egn an t t o f ollow st eps t o pr even t
- Babies born to infected mothers have in f ect ion by t h e Zik a vir u s sin ce it can cau se
higher risk of microcephaly and other birth
bir t h def ect s in an u n bor n ch ild.
defects.
Since symptoms are mild, infected people No vaccinations exist for preventing Zika.
can unknowingly transfer virus. The 4D's are the best protection:
DEET all day ever y day - Wh en ever
you 'r e ou t side u se r epellen t s w it h
TREATM ENT DEET.
Dr ess - Wear lon g, loose, an d ligh t
color ed clot h in g ou t side.
Dr ain - Rem ove all st an din g w at er in
an d ar ou n d you r h om e.
Lot s of Plen t y
Du sk & Daw n - Lim it ou t door act ivit ies
r est of Flu ids
du r in g du sk an d daw n w h en
m osqu it oes ar e m ost act ive .
acet am in oph en * Also, avoid sexual contact and contact
t o r edu ce f ever
an d pain with body fluids of an infected person.
* Aspir in or n on -st er oidal an t i-in f lam m at or y
dr u gs sh ou ld n ot be u sed Avoid travel to areas of high risk for Zika.