These are the things u can include

Executive Summary
Financial markets and IPO
Primary Market
IPO- Features
Trends
Pricing Of Issue
Book Building
Cost Of Issue
Brief Note on Intermediaries
SEBI and IPO
Marketing of IPO
Analysis of ne company IPO
Prospectus of ne company

basics?
Scams?
Benefits from Makret point of view?
Benefits from company point of view?
Past and Future?
IPO comparision in different countries?
Current IPO scenario?

all these topics i mentiond above can be taken as ur entire topic...

in general
1 Procedure
*Legal requirements in the diff countries
*Legal requirements in India
*Business cycle
*Auction
*Pricing in IPO
*Benefits
*Case Study of a particualr company whch failed in IPO
or
*Case Study of a particualr company whch was successful in IPO

as of now..i can thnk this muich..

wht data do u have

plz let us knw 2 help umore
Initial public offerings (IPO) are often considered to be the ultimate goal for any
entrepreneurial venture. Is an IPO really the right goal for your venture, however? All the
hoopla about the quick riches which may or my not be gained masks some serious
implications for the future direction of your business. Let's take a look at what an IPO means
in reality and how you can evaluate whether it is the right step for you.
An IPO is offering stock to the public on an open market for the first time. Consequently, the
alternate term for this process is "going public". The first recorded IPO was in July 1791
when equity in the Bank of the United States was first offered for sale. Wild speculation
occurred with many heralding this move as evidence of the economic opportunity in the
United States, while others expressed horror at the "get rich" mentality of the investors who
were looking for an easy way to money rather than following a path of hard work for their
money. The Insurance Company of North America followed shortly thereafter in offering
shares to the public. During the 19th century, government bonds were introduced to raise
funds for war efforts. The turnpike, canal and railroad companies were also financed through
the issuance of stocks and bonds. However, it was not until this century that offering stock to
the public became a common form of financing a new business and only recently have IPOs
become the glamour business that they now are.
Usually an IPO is part of a business' financing strategy. A well-planned and executed
business startup will have specific goals for growth and revenue accompanied by financing
needs and options to achieve each step of the path. The typical pattern is to start the business
with an initial investment from your own pocket, friends and family, supplemented by loans.
Then, when an actual product exists, find an angel or venture capital firm to invest in getting
the company growing at a rate that will justify an IPO. The rule of thumb for being ready to
IPO is that you are growing, you have a definite need for much larger funding, you have a
good story, and this is a good time in the market for your type of company. Each industry has
different criteria for growth and revenue in going public; therefore, it is important to research
publicly traded companies of similar size in your industry to see how much revenue they
were making when they went public. As an example, software companies usually need to be
earning at least $20 million in revenues to go public.

Factors against an IPO:

• Loss of Control
• Regulations
• Reporting Requirements
• Cost
Is it worth taking the risk that your IPO will be a winner? Of course. For a start, going public
is a way to raise large sums of capital that would be impossible to obtain any other way. It
presents you, as the business owner, with access to personal wealth because stock in a public
company usually trades at a much higher value than shares in a privately held company. It
also gives your company a market-driven valuation which can be used for acquisitions,
mergers and licensing agreements. For many, there is a sense of legitimacy for their
customers, employees, suppliers and competitors.
Factors for an IPO:
• Gain in equity capital with no interest or debt repayment
 • Allows the company to grow and further develop
• Solid financial base on which to build
• Legitimacy
• Market-driven Valuation
Do note that only .001 percent of all businesses in the U.S. are publicly traded. Part of that is
due to the complexity of the process and part because they prefer to be privately held. So if
you do decide not to go the IPO route, know that the majority of all businesses have also
made that choice.
If you do decide to go public, you have a choice of following the traditional route using an
investment banker to help shepherd you through the process or of "doing it yourself" through
what is called a direct IPO. The difference is that in a regular IPO you have a team of experts
who guide you through the process and your stock is traded on one of the regular stock
exchanges. In a direct IPO, you manage all the details and your stock is sold through open
markets, not on an exchange. There are internet services available for listing your stock, but
the time commitment for the business owner is substantially higher in the direct IPO.
Managing an IPO
Putting together an IPO is not a task for the meek. Most experts estimate that it takes at least
one year of intense work above and beyond the day-to-day running of your business. Some of
the basic steps needed to prepare for an IPO are:
Complete Business Plan
A detailed (40 to 60 pages) document supporting the corporate profile. Fully disclose all
aspects of the business including debt, the use of proceeds, critical processes, and any other
factor that may be important in the success of the business. It is important to show that you
have considered a wide variety of factors and have a plan of how to deal with them.
Corporate Profile
Two to four page document describing a company's financials, business, principals, their
backgrounds, and a description of the market for their product or service. The corporate
profile is presented to potential underwriters (investment bankers) to interest them in
participating in the IPO.
Economic Analysis
Information for potential investors on the economic viability of your business. Absolute
necessities are rate of growth and net profit margins. Other financial ratio analysis and market
analysis are useful.
Financial Reporting
Quarterly, audited financial statements for the past three years must be prepared by a
professional, accredited accounting firm.
Management Team
An organizational chart with key players that have strong background and experience that fit
with your projected plans.
Money
The IPO process is costly and it can't all be financed by the IPO itself. In addition to internal
staff needed to prepare the IPO, there are the external audits, legal and investment banker's
fees. The rule-of-thumb is to plan on spending at least $100,000.
Underwriters
A good investment banker is critical for your IPO. They draft your prospectus, assist with the
filing, solicit investors, determine the offering price and sell the stock. Their compensation is
usually a percentage of the offering plus options on buying a certain number of shares of
stock in the future. Conduct due diligence on a number of firms to assess which one is the
right one for your particular business. Underwriters usually specialize in different types of
businesses or industries and finding the right match for you makes the whole process
smoother and more profitable.
The first step in the formal IPO process is for the company to register with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC). Plan on it taking at least six to eight weeks to prepare all the
documentation. To start the process an "all-hands" meeting is scheduled to determine an
appropriate timetable and responsibilities for each member of the team. Included are all of the
members of the internal IPO team the accountant, law firm and lead investment bank. One of
the most critical documents that needs to be developed by this group is the prospectus. The
prospectus is a brochure that is used to describe all aspects of the company - its financial data
for the past five years, the management team, the target market, competitors and growth
strategy. Since the SEC imposes a quiet period of 25 days between the time you file with
them until the stock starts trading, this brochure is all that you can tell prospective investors
about yourself so its accuracy and informativeness is a vital part of the IPO. Prospectuses for
all U.S. companies are available free from the SEC web site or from the company itself.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/17095041/IPO-Process-Significance-of-IPO-Analyzing-
an-IPO-investment-IPO-Investment-Strategies-Pricing-of-an-IPO-Principal-steps-in-
an-IPO-Bookbuilding-