BriefDescriptionsofTestMethodsandSourceLinks

ASTM3512randomtumblepill(informationfromhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D3512.htm)

SignificanceandUse

AcceptanceTestingThismethodoftestingfabricsforresistancetopillingisnotrecommended
foracceptancetesting.Ifitisusedforacceptancetesting,itshouldbeusedwithcaution
becausethebetweenlaboratoryprecisionispoor.Insomecasesthepurchaserandthesupplier
mayhavetotestacommercialshipmentofoneormorespecificmaterialsbythebestavailable
testmethod,eventhoughthetestmethodisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.

Iftherearedifferencesorpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwo
laboratories(ormore),comparativetestsshouldbeperformedtodetermineifthereisa
statisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,thetest
samplesshouldbeusedthatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthematerialfrom
whichthedisparatetestresultswereobtained,andrandomlyassignedinequalnumbersto
eachlaboratoryfortesting.Othermaterialswithestablishedtestvaluesmaybeusedforthis
purpose.Thetestresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbecomparedusingastatisticaltest
forunpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifabiasisfound,
eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsmustbeadjustedin
considerationoftheknownbias.

Thepillingoftextilefabricsisaverycomplexpropertybecauseitisaffectedbymanyfactors
whichmayincludetypeoffiberorblends,fiberdimensions,yarnandfabricconstruction,fabric
finishingtreatmentsandrefurbishingmethod.Testingbeforerefurbishingmaybeadviseable.
Thepillingresistanceofaspecificfabricinactualwearvariesmorewithgeneralconditionsof
useandindividualwearersthaninreplicatefabricspecimenssubjectedtocontrolledlaboratory
tests.Thisexperienceshouldbeborneinmindwhenadoptinglevelsofacceptabilityforany
seriesofstandards.

Pillsvaryappreciablyinsizeandappearanceanddependonthepresenceoflintanddegreeof
colorcontrast.Thesefactorsarenotevaluatedwhenpillingisratedsolelyonthenumberof
pills.Thedevelopmentofpillsmaybeaccompaniedbyothersurfacephenomenasuchaslossof
cover,colorchange,orthedevelopmentoffuzz.Sincetheoverallacceptabilityofaspecific
fabricisdependentonboththecharacteristicsofthepillsandtheotherfactorsaffectingsurface
appearance,itissuggestedthatfabricstestedinthelaboratorybeevaluatedsubjectivelywith
regardtotheiracceptabilityandnotratedsolelyonthenumberofpillsdeveloped.Aseriesof
standards,basedongraduateddegreesofsurfacechangeofthefabrictypebeingtested,may
besetuptoprovideabasisforsubjectiveratings.Thevisualstandardsaremostadvantageous
whenthelaboratorytestspecimenscorrelatecloselyinappearancewithwornfabricsandshow
asimilarratioofpillstofuzz.Countingthepillsandweighingtheirnumberwithrespecttotheir
sizeandcontrast,asacombinedmeasureofpillingresistance,isnotrecommendedbecauseof
theexcessivetimerequiredforcounting,sizing,andcalculating.

Thedegreeoffabricpillingisevaluatedbycomparingthetestedspecimenswithvisual
standards,whichmaybeactualfabricsorphotographsoffabrics,showingarangeofpilling

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 resistance.Theobservedresistancetopillingisreportedonanarbitraryscalerangingfrom5(no
pilling)to1(veryseverepilling).

Thistestmethodisapplicabletoawidevarietyofwovenandknittedfabricsthatvaryinpilling
propensityasaresultofvariationsinfiber,yarnandfabricstructure,andfinish.

1.Scope

1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheresistancetotheformationofpillsandotherrelatedsurface
changesontextilefabricsusingtherandomtumblepillingtester.Theprocedureisgenerally
applicabletoalltypesofwovenandknittedapparelfabrics.

Note1Forothertestmethodsforthepillingresistanceoftextiles,refertoTestMethods
D3511,D3514,andD4970.

1.2Somefabricsthathavebeentreatedwithasiliconeresinmaynotbesatisfactorilytestedby
thisprocedurebecausethesiliconeresinmaytransferontothecorklinersinthetestchamber
andcauseerroneousresults.

1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinchpoundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyas
standard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,each
systemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmay
resultinnonconformancewiththestandard.

1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwith
itsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyand
healthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

ASTMD3774width(informationfromhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D3774.htm)

SignificanceandUse

OptionAproceduresofTestMethodD3774forwidthareconsideredsatisfactoryfor
acceptancetestingofcommercialshipmentsbecausetheyareusedextensivelyinthetrade.

5.1.1IncaseofadisputearisingfromdifferencesinreportedtestvalueswhenusingTest
MethodD3774foracceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,thepurchaserandthesupplier
shouldconductcomparativeteststodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweentheir
laboratories.Competentstatisticalassistanceisrecommendedfortheinvestigationofbias.Asa
minimum,thetwopartiesshouldtakeagroupoftestspecimenswhichareashomogeneousas
possibleandwhicharefromalotofmaterialofthetypeinquestion.Thetestspecimensshould
thenberandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverageresults
fromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbecomparedusingStudentttestforunpaireddataandan
acceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythetwopartiesbeforetestingisbegun.Ifabiasisfound,
eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrectedorthepurchaserandthesuppliermustagreeto
interpretfuturetestresultsinthelightoftheknownbias.

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 1.Scope

D377496(Reapproved2008)StandardTestMethodforWidthofTextileFabric

OptionAproceduresofTestMethodD3774forwidthareconsideredsatisfactoryfor
acceptancetestingofcommercialshipmentsbecausetheyareusedextensivelyinthetrade.

IncaseofadisputearisingfromdifferencesinreportedtestvalueswhenusingTestMethodD
3774foracceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,thepurchaserandthesuppliershould
conductcomparativeteststodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweentheirlaboratories.
Competentstatisticalassistanceisrecommendedfortheinvestigationofbias.Asaminimum,
thetwopartiesshouldtakeagroupoftestspecimenswhichareashomogeneousaspossible
andwhicharefromalotofmaterialofthetypeinquestion.Thetestspecimensshouldthenbe
randomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverageresultsfromthe
twolaboratoriesshouldbecomparedusingStudent'sttestforunpaireddataandanacceptable
probabilitylevelchosenbythetwopartiesbeforetestingisbegun.Ifabiasisfound,eitherits
causemustbefoundandcorrectedorthepurchaserandthesuppliermustagreetointerpret
futuretestresultsinthelightoftheknownbias.

SCOPE:

1.1Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofthewidthoffabrics,pileornappedsurface
width,orboth.Themethodisapplicabletofullrolls,boltsoffabric,andshortspecimens
removedfromarollorbolt.Unlessotherwisespecified,measurementsshallincludethe
selvageswhenpresent.

1.2Themethodofferstwooptions:

1.2.1OptionAFullRollorBolt.

1.2.2OptionBShortSpecimenRemovedfromFullRollorBolt.

1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorU.S.customaryunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.
TheU.S.customaryunitsmaybeapproximate.

1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwith
itsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyand
healthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
REFERENCE:

ASTMStandards:

D123TerminologyRelatingtoTextiles

D1776PracticeforConditioningandTestingTextiles

ASTMD3775coursesandwales(informationfromhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D3775.htm)

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SignificanceandUse

Thistestmethodisconsideredsatisfactoryforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments
becauseithasbeenusedextensivelyinthetradeforthatpurpose.

Iftherearedifferencesofpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwo
laboratories(ormore),comparativetestshouldbeperformedtodetermineifthereisa
statisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,usethe
samplesforsuchacomparativetestthatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
lotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparateresultsduringinitialtestingand
randomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratory.Thetestresultsfromthelaboratories
involvedshouldbecomparedusingastatisticaltestforunpaireddata,aprobabilitylevelchosen
priortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,or
futuretestresultsforthatmaterialmustbeadjustedinconsiderationoftheknownbias.

1.Scope

1.1Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofwarpendcountandfillingpickcountandis
applicabletoalltypesofwovenfabrics.

Note1Historically,thetermfabriccounthasbeenusedtodescribetheendandpickcountof
wovenfabrics.Thetermswarp(end)andfilling(pick)countarereplacingthetermfabriccount,
toprovideclarity.

1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgivenin
parenthesesareforinformationonly.

1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwith
itsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyand
healthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

ASTMD3776weightpersquareyard(informationfromhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D3776.htm)

Abstract

Thesetestmethodscoverthemeasurementoffabricmassperunitarea(weight)andis
applicabletomostfabrics.Therearefourapprovedoptionsinthemeasurementoffabricmass
perunitarea:OptionA,OptionB,OptionC,andOptionD.OptionAmaybeusedforacceptance
testingofcommercialshipmentssinceithasbeenusedextensivelyinthetrade.Thesecond
optionisOptionBwhichisapplicabletoafullwidthsamplecutfromafullpiece,roll,bolt,or
cut.Unlessotherwisespecified,theseresultswillincludeselvagesandwillbeonthebasisof
conditionedfabric.OptionContheotherhandisapplicablewhenasmallswatchoffabricis
senttothelaboratorytobeusedasthetestspecimen.Theresultsareconsideredtobe
applicabletothesampleonlyandnotnecessarilytothelotfromwhichthesamplewastaken.
Measurementsbythismethoddonotincludeselvagesandshouldbereportedassuch,unlessa

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 selvageallowanceisspecified.ThelastoptionisOptionDwhichisintendedforusewithnarrow
fabricsassodesignatedbythetrade.

1.Scope

1.1Thesetestmethodscoverthemeasurementoffabricmassperunitarea(weight)andis
applicabletomostfabrics.

1.2Therearefourapprovedoptions:

1.2.1OptionAFullPiece,Roll,BoltorCut(Section7).

1.2.2OptionBFullWidthSample(Section8).

1.2.3OptionCSmallSwatchofFabric(Section9).

1.2.4OptionDNarrowFabrics(Section10).

1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinchpoundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyas
standard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,each
systemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmay
resultinnonconformancewiththestandard.

1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwith
itsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyand
healthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

ASTMD3787ballburst(informationfromhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D3787.htm)

SignificanceandUse

Thistestmethodforthedeterminationofballburstingstrengthoftextilesisbeingusedbythe
textileindustryfortheevaluationofawidevarietyoffabrics.

TestresultsobtainedusingtheproceduresinTestMethodD3787havenotbeencorrelated
withactualperformance.TestMethodD3787isconsideredsatisfactoryforacceptancetesting
ofcommercialshipmentsoftextilesfabricsforburstingstrengthsincethemethodhasbeen
usedextensivelyinthetradeforacceptancetesting.Incasesofdisagreementarisingfrom
differencesinvaluesreportedbythepurchaserandthesellerwhenusingTestMethodD3787
foracceptancetesting,thestatisticalbias,ifany,betweenthelaboratoryofthepurchaserand
thelaboratoryofthesellershouldbedeterminedwithcomparisonbasedontestingspecimens
randomlydrawnfromonesampleofmaterialofthetypebeingevaluated.

Note2Thekindforcetransferandstrengththatoccurwhenknittedgoodsarewornis
preventedbyclampingthemasdirectedinthistestmethod.

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 5.2.1Iftherearedifferencesofpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwo(or
more)laboratories,comparativetestsshouldbeperformedtodetermineifthereisastatistical
biasbetweenthem.Thetestsamplesusedshouldbe:ashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfrom
thematerialfromwhichthedisparatetestresultswereobtained,andrandomlyassignedin
equalnumberstothelaboratoriesfortesting.Othermaterialswithestablishedtestvaluesmay
beusedforthispurpose.Thetestresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbecomparedusinga
statisticaltestforunpaireddataataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifabias
isfound,eitherthecausemustbedeterminedandcorrectedorfuturetestresultsmustbe
adjustedinconsiderationofknownbias.

1.Scope

1.1Thistestmethoddescribesthemeasurementforburstingstrengthwithaballburststrength
testeroftextilesorgarmentsthatexhibitahighdegreeofultimateelongation.

1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.

1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinchpoundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasthe
standard.Withinthetest,theinchpoundunitsareshowninparenthesis.Thevaluesstatedin
eachsystemarenotexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemmaybeusedindependentlyof
theother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformancewithinthe
specification.

Note1

Forthemeasurementofburstingstrengthwithahydraulictestingmachine,refertoTest
MethodD3786.

Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operationsandequipment.Thisstandarddoes
notpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itisthe
responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpractices
anddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

AATCCTestMethod162004ColorfastnesstoLight,Developedin1964byAATCCCommitteeRA50
(informationfromhttp://www.aatcc.org/Technical/Test_Methods/scopes/tm16.cfm)

1.PurposeandScope

1.1Thistestmethodprovidesthegeneralprinciplesandprocedureswhicharecurrentlyinuse
fordeterminingthecolorfastnesstolightoftextilematerials.Thetestoptionsdescribedare
applicabletotextilematerialsofallkindsandforcolorants,finishesandtreatmentsappliedto
textilematerials.
TestOptionsincludedare:
1EnclosedCarbonArcLamp,ContinuousLight
2EnclosedCarbonArcLamp,AlternateLightandDark
3XenonArcLamp,ContinuousLight,BlackPanelOption
4XenonArcLamp,AlternateLightandDark

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 5XenonArcLamp,ContinuousLight,BlackStandardOption
6DaylightBehindGlass

1.2Theuseofthesetestoptionsdoesnotimply,expresslyorotherwise,anacceleratedtestfor
aspecificapplication.Therelationshipbetweenanylightfastnesstestandtheactualexposure
inusemustbedeterminedandagreeduponbythecontractualparties.

2.Principle

2.1Samplesofthetextilematerialtobetestedandtheagreeduponcomparisonstandard(s)
areexposedsimultaneouslytoalightsourceunderspecifiedconditions.Thecolorfastnessto
lightofthespecimenisevaluatedbycomparisonofthecolorchangeoftheexposedportionto
themaskedcontrolportionofthetestspecimenorunexposedoriginalmaterial,usingthe
AATCCGrayScaleforColorChangeorbyinstrumentalcolormeasurement.Lightfastness
classificationisaccomplishedbyevaluationversusasimultaneouslyexposedseriesofAATCC
BlueWoolLightfastnessStandards.

AATCCTestMethod612010ColorfastnesstoLaundering:Accelerated(homeandcommercial
condition2A),Developedin1950byAATCCCommitteeRA60(informationfrom
http://www.aatcc.org/Technical/Test_Methods/scopes/tm61.cfm)

1.PurposeandScope

1.1Theseacceleratedlaunderingtestsaretoevaluatethecolorfastnesstolaunderingof
textileswhichareexpectedtowithstandfrequentlaundering.Thefabriccolorlossandsurface
changesresultingfromdetergentsolutionandabrasiveactionoffivetypicalhandorhome
launderings,withorwithoutchlorine,areroughlyapproximatedbyone45mintest.

2.Principle

2.1Specimensaretestedunderappropriateconditionsoftemperature,detergentsolution,
bleachingandabrasiveactionsuchthatthecolorchangeissimilartothatoccurringinfivehand
orhomelaunderings.

AATCCTestMethod1162010ColorfastnesstoCrocking:RotaryVerticalCrockmeterMethod,
Developedin1966byAATCCCommitteeRA38(informationfrom
http://www.aatcc.org/Technical/Test_Methods/scopes/tm116.cfm)

1.PurposeandScope

1.1Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminetheamountofcolortransferredfromthesurfaceof
coloredtextilematerialstoothersurfacesbyrubbing.Itisapplicabletotextilesmadefromall
fibersintheformofyarnorfabric,whetherdyed,printedorotherwisecoloredandespeciallyto
printswherethesinglingoutofareassmallerthanpossibletotestwiththestandardAATCC
Crockmeter(AATCCTestMethod8)isrequired.

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 1.2Testproceduresemployingtestsquareseitherdryorwetwithwaterorotherliquidsare
withinthescopeofthismethod.

2.Principle

2.1AtestspecimenheldatthebaseoftheRotaryVerticalCrockmeterisrubbedwithstandard
testsquaresundercontrolledconditions.
2.2ColortransferredtothetestsquaresisassessedbycomparisonwiththeGrayScalefor
StainingorAATCCChromaticTransferenceScale.

AATCCTestMethod1352010DimensionalChangesofFabricsafterHomeLaundering,Developedin
1970byAATCCCommitteeRA42(informationfrom
http://www.aatcc.org/Technical/Test_Methods/scopes/tm135.cfm)

1.PurposeandScope

1.1Thistestmethodisintendedforthedeterminationofdimensionalchangesoffabricswhen
subjectedtohomelaunderingproceduresusedbyconsumers.Fourwashingtemperatures,
threeagitationcycles,tworinsetemperaturesandfourdryingprocedurescoverthecommon
homecareoptionsavailabletoconsumersusingcurrentlaunderingmachines.

2.Principle

2.1Thedimensionalchangesoffabricspecimenssubjectedtohomelaunderingcareare
measuredusingpairsofbenchmarksappliedtothefabricbeforelaundering.

AATCCevaluationproceduresforpercentageofcolorretentionbymeasuringDEcmcafter5and20
cycles.AATCCprovidestwomethodsforthistest.Themethodusedforthisanalysisutilizedinstrument
testing.Thetestmethodsrequiresacolorimeterorspectrophotometer.
Sources:http://www.aatcc.org/Technical/Test_Methods/scopes/ep1.cfm,
http://www.aatcc.org/Technical/Test_Methods/scopes/ep7.cfm)

UsterTensojethttp://www.uster.com/UI/textileTENSOJET4248.aspx

ZweigleYarnHairinessTesterhttp://www.uster.com/UI/textileUSTERZWEIGLEHL40023115.aspx

Usterevennesstesterhttp://www.uster.com/UI/textileUSTERTESTER52311.aspx

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