Neutralization

The reaction of an acid and a base in aqueous

solution.

Products of a neutralization reaction are a salt

and water.

Salts consist of an anion from an acid and a

cation from a base.

The point of neutralization is the endpoint of a

titration.
 Examples:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + HOH(l)

H2SO4(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) K2SO4(aq)+ 2 H2O(l)

 Discussion
Think about chemical spills. If a spill
involves an acid, what type of treatment is
possible.

-Weak base in powder form can be spread

over spill to absorb, react with and
neutralize the acid (stronger base could be
too corrosive).
 Note
Neutralization is a process that occurs
whenever an acid reacts with a base in the
mole ratios specified by the balanced
equation.

Not all neutralization reactions produce

neutral solutions. The relative strengths of
the reactants determines whether the
solution will be acidic, basic or neutral.
Acid-Base Titration
 Titration
Acid-base titration is a process for calculating
the concentration of a known volume of acid or
base.

In a titration, the solution of known concentration

is called the standard solution.

The point at which the indicator changes color

(permanent color change) is the endpoint of the
titration.
 Titration Equivalence Point
When acids and bases react, the
equivalence point is when the number of
moles of hydrogen ions is equal to the
number of moles of hydroxide ions.

mol H mol OH
Titration Curves
Strong Acid & Strong Base
 Strong Acid & Strong Base Titrations

For titrations of a strong acid with a strong base (or

vice versa), the pH at the equivalence point is 7, or
neutral.

Not all titrations are neutral at the equivalence point.

Some salts promote salt hydrolysis, meaning that the
cations or anions of the dissociated salt remove or
donate H+ from or to water.
 Acidity of a solution
Depending on the direction of the H+ transfer,
solutions containing hydrolyzing salts may be
either acidic or basic.

To determine if the solution is acidic or basic (at

equivalence point), remember the following:
Strong acid + strong base neutral solution
Strong acid + weak base acidic solution
Weak acid + strong base basic solution
Strong base with weak acid
Strong acid with weak base
 Virtual Titration

http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/mihyewon/che
mlab_experiment.html
Setup for titrating an acid with a base
 ACID-BASE Titration

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + HOH(l)

Sometimes acids and bases react in a 1:1 ratio.

H2SO4(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) K2SO4(aq)+ 2 H2O(l)

Often the ratio of acid to base is different. For

instance, in the above reaction we have a 1:2 ratio.
 Sample Problem
How many moles of NaOH are needed to
neutralize 0.50 mol of H2SO4?

H2SO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq)+ 2 H2O(l)

0.50mol H 2SO 4 2mol NaOH

1mol NaOH
1mol H 2SO 4

1 mole of NaOH is needed for neutralization.

 Sample Problem #2
What is the molarity of sulfuric acid if 25.0mL of the
solution is neutralized by 25.5mL of 0.50M KOH?

H2SO4(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) K2SO4(aq)+ 2 H2O(l)

0.0255L KOH 0.50mol KOH 1mol H 2 SO4

0.006375mol H 2 SO4
1L KOH 2mol KOH

0.006375mol H 2 SO4
0.26M H 2SO 4
0.025L

The molarity of sulfuric acid is 0.26M.

 Practice Problem
In an acid-base titration, 17.45 mL of
0.180 M nitric acid, HNO3, were
completely neutralized by 14.76 mL of
aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. Calculate
the concentration of the aluminium
hydroxide.
 Answer
3 HNO3(aq) + Al(OH)3(aq) Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 H2O(l)

Moles of aluminum hydroxide reacted is:

3.14 x 10-3 mol HNO3 x 1 mol Al(OH)3 = 1.05 x 10-3 mol

3 mol HNO3

Concentration of the aluminum hydroxide is:

1.05 x 10-3 mol Al(OH)3 = 0.0711 M

0.01476 L
Practice Problems
Textbook:

Page Questions
614 30 or 31
616 32 or 33
Answers- Practice Problems
30. 4.68mol KOH
31. 0.20mol NaOH
32. 56mL HCl
33. 0.129M H3PO4
34. salt and water
35. neutralization
36. a) 2mol b)0.2mol
37. a) 2 H2O + K2SO4
b) 6 H2O + Ca3(PO4)2
c) 2 H2O + Mg(NO3)2
 Work Time!

Lab

Worksheet