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the authoritative guide to SF movies Er tele with a cover |l|llSllll|{)|\ dllll l|1lt'YVllf\N port
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0 The Magical Techniques of
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 " fHl.\\lllll|;li[$
pu|3|,15|-ii-3R 3; g1)i1"()R MAKING s"r)iFt'\"Aits ' '_
interviews by Psi-IE5-atii s
V F d - k s_ C] k Twenty-three inter\'iews_ with the actors, technicians and artists telling the behind-tho
re en: ar c scenes story of the making of the most P o P ular lm of all time. 5 P ecial em P hasis ll given
to the amazing special effects of STAR WARS, with explanations of the techniques and
(AORRESPONDENTS new equipment used to put space opera on the screen as never before.
Q David Bartholomew (New York) ~ T '
Mike Chiltls (London) CLOSE ENCOUNTERS or Tm; TiiiiziiT<'i'.<iiT" hy Robert Villard and ilan*Scapperotti a2
Jgffngy Ffcntzen (San F-andsco) Interviews with director Steven Spielberg and special effects supervisor Douglas Trumbull
- reveal some lantaliliiig facts behind the production of this epic scienee ction film of
Dan Scappcf-0"] (Ncw York) First Cpntaet. Spielberg and Trumbull reveal how and why they have given their UFOs an
Don Shah (L05 -\Ill5) entirely new loolt. Flying saucers will never lieth_esa_me again.

CON l RIBUTORS DAVID ALLEN ON LASER BLAST report by Paul Mandell 4

t Jurdan R_ Fox Stopniulion animator David Allen esplains the trials antl tribulations of doing dimension-
buck Ganis al anirntitimi s|)t't'i3l effects on a modest budget. As director of special effects on his sec-
. nnd film iii as inaiiy years. Allen emerges as a ma'or talent in the field, and announces
l1'3LG;lf(.)"-lJ the production of the most ambitious stop-motion eature lm of his career.
an I . r\'l|'1 , I.

itiiiiws
Alan Jones
(Iarl Macek
Paul Mandel]
Paul .\l. Sammon ~ e--~ --------' -
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STAR lt.~lkS usrtl with special permission from
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nnl: or more of the following: Kenny Baker,
Adam Beckett, Doug Beswick, Robert Blalack,
Ben Burtt, Chris Casady,_]nhn Dykstra, Richard
t Edlund. Joe Johnston, Laine Liska, Carl Macek,
Dennis Murcn, Dave Prowse, Ken Ralston,
jonathan Seay, Kelli Sturtlevan, Phil l'ippt'tt,>]ne ""17? ' ~ W

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A" Rjgh Rcs-vd_ .~\ nt-wigt-nre tali-nt talks about directing his first horror film, opening to rave reviews.

STAR WARS" is the trzulvmark of -lltli (It'it- AA , W ,, ,,,____

tury-l-nit Film Corpnnitioii and I'h-- Star \\';irs .-\.\l\ lR\'ll\(; ()!\' 'l llli FURY interview by Sam l.. lr\'in._|r. 54
Corporation. LI.VEF.4.\"'I}|S'IIQltE is not ;issnt'i-
ated or otherwise affiliated with either The Star
W C ' 20th C '<l<' l~l
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|'hi~ star of Brian
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De Palma's IIt\\ film

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filming in Chicago.

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Columbia Pictures, Hemdale lnternaiinnal Films,
MCA-'l\_'. Sp--vimltv Films. Swprd &- Svtwv
P'd\"5"""5- 20" C"l"\Y'F"X- 5"" w"h'~'"-
l-'lLi\llN(} DOMINIQUI-I T"
Milton Subotslty's first Sword 8: nreery
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a report iiy'K{ii{i|d and Alan Jones 52
production gets underway, a horror film, natch.
CINE!-AN'l'AS'l'lQUl-L is published quarterly at P. ________A_i_i_,.___.. ,_____________,_._~_,,
__ _____
O. Box 270, Oak Park ll. 60503. Single copies LE'lTl-IRS you the gentle readers tell us where we went wrong
' "_
60
when purchased from the publisher are $4. Suh- "'* '*""
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PLAN!-.TvOF intiiiuoswas
___ report hy s. s. wiim
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51
?lFnPlirl:"l:sutl':s0l;g5.ssl'l:ei \llJ;gl'l!ll:)!1l|l5ei|r:|-D
ax (ham... but picascgyluy hy iinmminnai A unique lowbudget stop-motion aniniation feature in search of distributor.
Postal Mtitiey Order in USA funds. Advertising '__'__H'm_M%*"'_"'H W in
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be answered unless accompanied by a stamped,
svlf-addwssvd "'l"P- svwnd lm Pt-mac WiilLiA1\i ciR|ii.i'6R'"i'iTTiiTNiTou iinterview by ]iiiy"iTt-7iiZFJ's0
alargalj li_rg!5c*:;:fg' The late director talks about lming the siipt-riiattiriil lit-stst-ller, to be his last horror film.
"ti t ' . -~~-----i-i~ V V H '-___--_--
Clarkc. ClNl-ll-AN'l'AS'IlQUl-I is a Registered
U.S. Trademark. Cover: Darth Vader on l.ukes tail, a dogfight lI\tl the llrutli Star, paiiiiteil by Ira tiilford :Cover

KYIln1IL1:-iltnlliliwlfl
 ASEH
BLAST
Stop-motion animator David Allen talks about his
new science ction film and the problems of doing
model animation special effects on a modest budget.
What might seem at rst glance as just another exploitation 7
ripoff of STAR WARS is actually an interesting little science
ction lm produced by the Charles Band company, featuring
superior stop-motion sequences designed and directed by l)av-
id Allen. The project began in eamest during late Spring l977
and was slated for Thanksgiving release, but the producers
were inspired by the eerie effectiveness of the animation and
allocated additional time and money for ne\v special effects
footage. Oddly enough, David Allen's involvement with the
film was a fluke that stemmed from his association with Steve
Neill, who designed the alien makeup appliances and special
effects props, and played an alien in the film's first reel.
Dave Allen had gotten Steve Neill several jobs in fantasy
films, one on KINGDOM OF THE SPlDliRS and another one
buildin the full-size head of THE CRATER LAKE MON-
STER. itleill had previously worked for Charles Band on one of
his productions. While Band was preparing LASER BLAST,
Steve Neill found himself extremely interested in Dave Allen's
PRIMEVALS project. Both Allen and animator Randy Cook
had just finished an early draft of the script, and a note of op-
timism was raised when Neill remarked that he knew someone
who might be interested in the property. A short time later,
Neill mentioned PRIMEVALS to Charles Band and another
producer. l had several copies of the script printed," recalled
Allen, and Charlie was given one. lle read it, but it took him
week: to read itso long, in fact, that l felt he was not that in-
terested in it. However, Steve Neill was very enthusiastic about
PRlMEVAl.S and asked me to send, via him, my sample reel
of animation. Charlie looked at it, and although he thought it
was interesting, he spoke in a somewhat distant way about the
project. He did say, however, that he had a project ol his own
called LASER BLAST, and on the basis of the footage he had
seen, he wanted me to create animated models of the aliens in-
.~' --4
stead of having actors in makeup as originally planned. Steve
was to do those makeups, so it might sound like he screwed
himself out of a job, but Steve was very enthusiastic about the
potential of animation. And l told Charlie that for the amount
of time and money he was giving to the assignment, there was
no way I could do all of it in stop-motion. l would have to
have at least one of the aliens as an actor in makeup, while the
two animated puppets would be chasing him as outlined in the
story. So Steve wound up playing the part in his own makeup.
l was able to play a lot of the shots to him so that l could cut
away from the animation whenever l needed to."
Dave Allen was given a schedule of about eight weeks in
which to complete all of the animated scenes. Assisted by the
husband-and-wife team of Steve and Ve Neill and camera assis-
tant Pault Gentry, Allen went out to the Mojave Desert and
photographed all of the background plates in one aftemoon.
Back at Allen's Burbank studio, process projection setups were
designed while Jon Berg began sculpting the prototypes for the
lizard men and huilt amtaturcs for them. Randy Cook, who
co-animated Tllll CRATER LAKE MONSTER with Phil Tip-
pett, was hired as the principal animator for LASER BLAST.
Modelmalter Greg _]ein designed and built the spacecraft seen

by Paul Mantlell
\~

Tu]: Lvj'l: The alien commander

as seen in a communication on a
videosereen inside the alien ship.
Top /Hiddlv and Rigltl: Inside
their ship the aliens listen to the
new instructions from their lead-
er. 'l'he stop-motion aliens were
designed and constructed by Jon
Berg. The spaceship interior was
designed by Dave Cursun.M|ddIr-
Left: Makeup artist Steve Neill
in an alien makeup of his own de-
sign as a fugitive from outer
spate at the film: opening who
is exterminated by the two stop-
motion aliens who fail to retrieve
his powerful laser weapon. Neill
also built the lm's prop laser
gun. Middle Right: The stop
motinn aliens use their o\\'n laser
weapon. David Allen accomplish-
ed the composite of the laser ray
in the camera during animation
by reecting it in with a two-way
mirror. This obviated the need for
expensive optical work later on.
Hutton: Left: The stnp-motion
aliens, referred to as Mr. Brown"
and "Mr. Green during anima-
tiun, are bolted to an acrylic ani-
mation stage in front ol' a rear-
sereen projection. Bnjlam Middle
and Righl: Two additional rear-
screcn set~ups. The animation mo-
dels are only I3" high, and evi-
dence a sympathetic, even humor-
ous, character which aids the
lm's development.

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Kim .\lil!~v1l/'!u\u\ //1-' !~=1'1r \'r111'~~1:---1! iv/111 H't11li 11i1h thv rust 111' 1111- ])l( 11111; l'l11~ film >L't'IllS 1l1c S1111 I-n1n11'11~ (.I1r1n111I1- ht-r.11ii1g 1111-

ll P"""V/ ""1" 1'1"" " "1/'" 7" l/"' 'l">""l '/"l'l 111 l'11ll11\v .111n11slr111'1\1r1'1l,.1111l1iv11t.(I;1ss.1~ l'11r 'l'lll-L (.R,\'l'l-.R l..-\Kl'. .\l(),\'S'l'lLl(,
"' ll" ""_"" ll "' " " /' ll ""' '' ll/',"
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\'t|ts .1]1lI1'11.11 l1. 'l'l1c11 11111 s111l1l1~11l\' 1'11t 111 .1h1111t how I 1li1l11'1 l1.1\'1< R111 ll.1r1'\ l1.1\1st-11's
"""l""" """l'."'' """l",";."ll" \1'l'l."l"'"
11-I!(n1'/11)..-lIi.11 111.11.-.11p!1i /I1. 1-
/Hm th1~_\1~ .|l\lIl1.\l\1l s1'1|\11't11't's 11-hirh 1'1'.1ll1' .1r1' sy11111.1tl11-tit l'ii11-ssr in l1.1111J|ing 1l11- 11111n
.
11111 11l .1 1lil'l'1~1'1~11| 141'11r1'. It's .1lm11st lilw slurs .1i11l .111 tl1.1t 11'.1|1. \\l1.1t tl11-\' 1l1111't
11111i111.;111|111|1|11~1 1l11-.111-1~." rt';1|i7.1' is 1I1.11 1111l\' 11.111111'1h1~.111i111.11i1111is
\\';|S in .1 ]1|'t1\t'i|).1lsll1il11l thc ship /.1111111i1\1.' .\s 1l1i.|111-\i1~1\' is |11'in14 \\flHlll, tht-111-11' iiiinu ;1111l th.1t l unly l1.1\'1~ \\'\'l'I\ 111' vii,-ht
11\'1-r 1'r1-st 11l' .1 hill. .\t'11~1'
thc imliiinii it .1 s|I11'i.1l 1~l'lt-1 ts 1111' l..\S|-.l{ Ill..\.\"l .111: still 1-.'1:1'l;s 11> pull it .1ll 111151-1l11~1' l1c1.1\1s1 tl11
111is;11ist.11'111r\'. ll-\\'l' 1ll'1 iiltill I11 1111 I111" i11 p1'111;rt-ss .1111l 1ht- l'il111 will |1r11l1.1l1lv lbk' |11'1>1l\11'1'rs 111.-ul it so 1|11i1'kl\'. 'l'l1t-11 1\' ht-11

lmikr .1111! 1l1v it li\'<' -11'1i=1I1 1111 1111' n-nl 11! t'tlt'.1>t'1l >'1lIllllllH(' iii llll Spring <1! |91<\'. the l'il111 1'u1I\1's 11111 y1>11 find 1h.11 your
tl11- .-\llt'n s1\11li11. It's
just likc .1l.1'1l1*1'k1'1 l.111l (ivntry islmsy filniing s1'1'11cs 111' tl11~ wurk is in-i111; 1'1:|11p.1r1'1l 111 ))t'upl1' \\'l11i
1 sl111t .1111l 1h1~ 1ii1ly 11n1' i11 1l11-l'il1n|il4t*ll\.1\. ship i11 \l((|I .\'|l.l\'( .1111l R;1n1ly (I1mk is 1l11- l1.1\'1- sixt1~1-11 mun!/11 ;1111l ;1 l1-1\'1nilli11111l11l-
'!' Tll it 1111 1111 .1 l1u1>111 .1r111 .1111l inst ingt1111st11l'tl11'.111i111.11ing. l.1rs .11 tl11'ir 1lisp11s;1l. l..-\Sl-.R lll..\S'l'1vill
swung it .11'r<1ss 1111- 1'.1111c1'.1 in .111 .1r1'. l1's .1 .-\ l'1~1\' 11-1'l1ni1'.1| Hllllitps c.111s1-1l pr11li- 1111tl11ul>t1'1ll1' l1.1\'1- lllL'lH h11rli1111 1'|1ith1'1s .11
littlc risky: if lhc n1111l1'l l'.1lls. 1'1i11'r1- i11 lt-ms ;1l1in1_; lllL' 11-.11. \\'l11'11 tlw .11iin1;11i11n 1111- ;1111l1';1|li111;1111- the llcrt (l11r1l1111 111' tl11-

trnulilv. \\c 11111 s1>11it-p.11ltli111; 11111l1'r111'.1tli sci \\';1s l1111i1p1~1l ilnring l'il1i1ing. it 111.-1'1-ssi~ s11ip-n111ti1111 \\-urhl, nr s111i11~t|1i111; 1111 t l1.11
it .1111l 1li1l11't l1rv.1lt .1111' \\'ircs,s11 it \\'11rls1'1l t.1tt-1l sl11111ti11_1; .1 1'l11s1-1111 111' .111 .1li1-11 ;1s .1 1>r1lt-1'."
11111 r.1th1-1 l11\'1~ly. l'111 rt-.1ll1" 1lt'li1;l1t1'1l ht" s.1\'1"' shut. 111 lwi11s1~r11-1l\\'l1crc tl11: j.1rr1'1l \\'l1il1- tl1.11 just tttiqltt l1.1p|11~11 with l..\.\'
1'.111st' 1\'h.1t \\'.1s .1l11111s1 the worst sl1111 11l' srt wu1|l1l h.1\'1- l11~1-11 1listr.11'ti111;. "l{:1111ly l'.R l$l..-\Sl'. thc .1r1111'h.1ir .1nim.1t11rs will
the \\'l11>lc sh11\\- is n111v 11110 111' the l11:tt1'r (imik is.11'1~ry t.1l1-1111-1l;111i111;1t11r."s.1i1l .\|~ l1;1\'t- .1 h.1r1l tin11' fiiitlinii l11>111-s 111 pirk
shuts in 1l1t~ st'1|11c111't-.'l'l11' sl1i111'1i111t-s11\'1-r lt-ii. lint ht-s still lt;||l\l|1g. (lcrtziiii 111is- with as pmiiiising .1 |1r11j1-1'1 .1s 4\ll1'|1's
l'Rl.\ll-l\'.\l.$,
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tli1' 1'.1111t'r.1 lcns. qntcs 11l| intn thv 1list;1m't' l.ll{(S \\'1'n' l\.lp|)lI]lHQ \\'l1i1l1 l1.1tl to lll' .1l>- pr11\'i1l1'1l ll1.1t it is 1l1111r
.1|11l l1.1nks. lt's .1l11111s1 tl11- only l\('ll&'\'1|lIlL lIl'l1C\l \\'i1hi11 llIL' juli. 'l'l11-rt simply is 1111 .1s lic 1-11\'isi1111s. .\l'|1~1'1t~11 y1~.1rs11t lryinig 111
sl111t 1il' 1l1c ship l'l\'i111;.l>1-1'.111s1- .1ll 1l11-111l1- limu tu1lu things nwr .1_g.1i|1. l'111 1i11lys11rr1' grt his "1ln'.1111" st11|111111ti1i11 film 111'! thc
it l l\111lt11s1~r\1"1n11rt'.1s;11lirut't11r11r|1r1>1l111'- rt-sult ul 1111 l..\$ l-. R 11'11rl;
1-r shuts ;1r1~ 1l11i1t- i11 singlv lr.1111t~ ;1i11l gr1111111l, .1s .1 l11s'

it-||5|1i|1i1|l;_|l)i15111111-y\'_ cr tl1;1n .1s .11't\1;1l ;111i111;1lur. ()11 th1~ lirsl svt lil..\S'I'. .\llt-11 h.1s pn11l111't-r 111
l11\1111l .1

(111 1h1~ |11,|i~1.<1>|mi1-_i| 1-ii1|_ |,,\$l-1R 11l'1'lTt'1'|s l 1li1l ;1l11i11t l1;1lf 11f tl1t~ stop-1111 (Ili.1rlt-s l$;1111l \\~h1 is williiig 111 1l11 tl1c|11'11-
BL.\S'l' is .1 inixt-1| l1;11; 11f rt~l.1ti1.1~ly 1111 liun. l 1li1l 1'1-ry [1-\\' ul thv: 111-11' 511-111;: .1 jut riight. ll{l.\lYl'l\'.\l..\' is .1l.1.s1'in.1ti111; 1.\-
l-uinwii 111-w1'111111'ts .1111ls1"\'t-r.1ls1';1sn11u1l.11'- l1'\\' l':1st 1l11s1'11|1s. .1 l11'.11.lsl10t lILI'k. .1 t11r11 t'11rs11111 |.1111.1sy \\~111l1l 1l1.1| 111 1l.11v
111111 .1

11.-_ _| ir_i1|,_-iiiiii-[1 111' rt-11-111 (jlim-I1-5 ltiiml tl11r1'tl1i11gs ll1.1t l'\'1' lict-11 ;1l1lt~ 1111ln1l\11' r1'111.1i11s 111i1.111|11~1l I11lil1111n.1k1'1'~.. ll11~1'111i
prnd111'tin11s. \\'ill1 Kim .\lill11r1l li1-.11li11i; ing thv 1'\'1-nitig l11111rs. 'l'l1c l1111gt-r_ 11-11 tn \'1'|1t is g11111l, 1l11~ 1.1l1-111 is 1'>l.1lIll\'l11'1l. .1|11l
thc l'lt-tligliiig 1'.1st .1s tl11' 1list'1>\crt'r 1il' 1l11- 111-1-11ty~l'1mt s1'1'n1:s r1'q11ir1~1l
s1i111ch111ly 111111 tl11' 1111i111~\' is tht-r1~. Sitppiirtt-1ll11' tl1.1|
.1licn l.1st'r gun. 11th1'rs i111'l111l1-
.1l1;1|11l1>1i<'1l \\'11rki111; I11-rt 1l11ri11gtltv 11.11 .1111] l1.1ll tl1t- ki111l 11l trip111l, |l11~1111tl1111k is \'1-11' 1111111 ls-
(Il1cr\'l Smith ;1s his girllriu111l_ R1111 .\l.1y~ night, il11c1't-ssziry. 'l'l1.1t's suiiivthiiiig l inst ti1'. l'lULl\l\'|l1)l\ 1111 lRl.\ll.\.\l.$ is \"l.1 lt'1l
(l\)L'l&'.|S the l1>1".1l slit-riff, ;1111l D1-nnis llurk- 1";1n t (ll) mystlf l1t1';111st 111' 1111' l'11ll'ti1111-1111 111 lit-ginl'1cl11'11.1ry 1, .1n1l th1~1-111111 s.1g;1nl
Ivy .1s thv tlt-piity sl11'riH'. l1it'l' .1|1p1:.1r.1111't's siti1>11;1t(IP(I." liuw it t-\'11l\'1-1l will l11~1-xplurt-1li111lt-|>th i11
.11111111g ll11- 11i11rt- 1's1.1l1lisl1t~1l 11.11n1'si111'lutl1' \\'11rki11_g 11i11lcr s111l1 1'ir1'11111st:1111"1's. .'\l- .1 l'11111rc iss\11'. B1-1111-1'11 it .1111] tl11- cu111'11r

R1>1l1l\' .\l1'l)1m-.1ll ;1s .1 pl1ysi1'i.111. .1|11l Kt't'11> lcn nltcn lintls l1i111s<'lf \1nl';1irly skcwcrt-1l rt-111 ])T(Ill\lL'llUIl 111' A]i111 l);111l'111t|1's 'll\ll.~
\\'y11n .1s .1
1111 1'r.11.1-1| 11l1l 1'11l1>|1ul. !\1icl1;11'l liy critics nl' his wurk. llt"s 111:1ki11g111:s1.-1' (l.~\'l'l-L. it lnuks likc suiiic ncw l1l1>1>1l will
R-W "-'l\"" ll \ll""'ll"\l klvlnut. .1111] t|11' rut of his mini111;1l i11\'11l\'1'1n1'11t with tlic l'i11.1llylie |i11111pc1l in11i .111 .1111'111i1' 1;;-1111'.
s1'n~1~11|1l.11 is liy R.1\'c .1111l l-'1.1nk l1'rt|li. ;1ni11111ti1111 i11 l..~\Sl'lR Bl./\S'l. l1\1t hc still Witl1.1Il1l11crt-spt-1'1tnthct1'1"l111i1'.1l1'xpcr-
ll11wt'\1'r 1111\'1~l in its .\p|1Y1|.1tlI 111 srit-1111' 1-x|i1:1"1s tu gct l)l;.\Slk'(l for any t1'1"|111i1':1l tisu 111' Rity ll.1rryli;111st-11. pt-rl1;1|1s 1v1' 0.111
fittinn, tl11- liilm .11l|11it11*1lly l1.1s its \\'1:;1k- l1l1'111isl1cs wl1i1'l1 might surl.1ct'i11 the film. l11uk [11:11-;1r1l snn11-ll1i11_1; f;1r 11111r1' i111;1-

I
111

111-sscs. "(>111-p111l1l1'111.".11l111itt1-1| .\ll1-11. is It's distressing i11 :1 way." 11\11s1:s .1\llt'11. gi11;1ti\'1- ;1111l thiring tl1.111 .111111l11~r 1-1i1l1.1rr.1ss-
that the .111i111;1li1i11 1l111-s11't r1~.1ll1' wnrl-1 \\'1:ll $111111.-11111 11ln';11ly .st'11l 1111: 11 rcvit-w lmin iiigly h;111;1l Sinlnitl 11l'l'1'ri11g.

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ugrzl/1/|4\', I111I111_1r1Ip/1_1-, II11I11_1_1r11]1/1_\'/" \\1-ll. 11111- 111' Il11- I1-ri1-.11 ;1s|11-1-Is 111 i1 11-:1s 1111- 11-:1y ;|,/1,,-,~ V/,,,11,,_1_\~ /1'/1,1,1 ,1"./]11r 11/I|1'r i11,[1';-1/I11
1111- l111l11g1-:1111s l1111k1-1l liku 1'r:1]1. 'I'l1111 1-1111 111 11'l1i1-I1 1111 \-is11:1ls \1'1r1 l1:1111lI11l :1111I 1111 1,/_1~ H1/,,, ,1 ,1,/, 1,1/1r111l111-rI111-211?
1111 1111- si|1111l1- 1l1111l1l1- 1-x|111s11r1- 1\-1- IIIII in w.11- II1:1I 1111- .11-1-111-s 11-1-ru 1-1111r1-111gr:1]1I11-II. | mink 111; (|,,.,;_~; |1;|\-1- 11.-|| 1,111-"1-1| in
S'I.\R WARS 111-uplc :11. "G111I,1I1:1I's
:111d X1111 i1 $1-1-111$ 111 1111-. 11111--111111111 s:11' Il1.11 11. mm. UL" U. mm.\. is mm. _-;|i|;||,1.
:1|11:1zi111;! II11\1- 1Ii1l 1-1111 II11 Il111s1- I111l11- 11-111-111-11111-1-.11"11 I111-11111111 :11 11-1111-11 1111- 1'1l1I1 |,1-1-;|111- |11111|1I1~ 11;1\-1- 1-111111~ I11 I1:1\'1- l':1iIlI 111
gr:1111s'."' .-\111I 1I1:11's 11-l1:1I I'11\ I:1II;1111; :1I111111. is 1-1-1-111-111-11 111 Il11- 1-.11111*1-:1. 1-1111 |1111sI 1-1-;1s1-. H. |,.,;|,;|;|\~ ,,|' |,n,L|m-im: _,-P1.-141 1-|'|1~1<1
'II11- |11-111111: 11-I111 1l11I I.()(L\.\"$ RI'.\' s-:11 'll1:11's II. I1's lik1- 11111111114111-11 111|1:1|11-1-. 111111 in J f1~;|11m_~'1'i|m |1,r ;| [l(\'1_'|][ 111111111-1. I
111111-11 :1111I s:111l, "l.1111k 11-1~ll usv I111l11- 1111- 11-111111;; 1111 111.11 11:1q1- is 1111- 1111.11 1-I1-~ think mlu|;.,|,-1-gm-,,1-5.-,-gm;{his
grams! 'l'l1i11k :11I\'1-rIis1|11; |11111-1111:1I!
111' 1111- 1111-111. \\i1I1 Iilm.I11-:111l1c:11lil'II1-1-1-111 s1111-1-. Ink. mm _,,- 1| 11,15, ;1r1- r1-.11I1- I11 11111 $111111-
'I'l1i11k 111111 11-1111111-rl'11I i1'Il 111- I11s1-1- 11 1111 Y1111 1-:111 1:1k1- 1I1:11 \'1s11:1l 1111:1141-11 :11111Il11-r hm-ks "I, H, Mk. H "mm... ,1, n.| f;|"m\-
film!" 'Il11-\- I1:11I ;1I111I11I1'l\' 1111 1-11111-1-111 11I s11-|1 I11r1I1v:r. l1's s-111111-1l1111g 1l1;11 1-:111 111- ||.|m._\_ )\m| | dun- m.|.l.A"i|. mun ,u.r
11-|1:11 :1 1111I11gr:1111 \\':1s. S11m1- 11-1-111111-I11-111l s11l1Il1- I\;|lH.II\lI 111111111411 1-111111-111i1111:1l I1'1'II- 5|,-._ | mum _||| ,1-"N. u._m;"m|| |,|_u.l.
Ir11111 5:111 I-'r;1111-is1-11 s11I1l II11-111 :1 l1ill 111' 11111111-s 1111111114, 1-11l11r r1-|1r111l111-111111. 1-I1-. 1|. .,m.,
U1 H. ._.l||_ H. m..;|"_ (.\.,_.r\.
g11111Is ;1I11I s:111I "U11. 1-1111 1-:111 |1I1111111.;r:11111 11111 :11 1111- $111111 Ii1111' I 1111111; 1111-1'1"s 1|11- p|m.,_. .hm.(. ii i5 W. unlikrh. uh M
111111. 11'|| 111- i11 1111-1-c 1l1|111:11si1111s." lhullshil. .1|1iliI1- 11> 1:1-I |1:1rlir11l:11-11' 111111>-11:11 $11'111s .""1| Q" with H mm ;.n.. _,m|'_,-,.| up |,',-J.
' |Is :1 1:1-u 1li1111'11.1-1111111! 1111-11111111 Iur 111111-! 111- 1111- 11s1- 111 I1lu1- $1-r1-1-11. U1 1-1111r1-. 1111- [inn \.|m|_
\\I1:1I 1li]f1-r1'n1'1- 1101-s11 111:1k1-. \\l11'lI\1'r 1-1111 $111-1-1111-s 11-1>11I1l 1111111- 1111 1-11111-1-|1111;1ll1' .1.s \\'1- 1-;11111- |1r1-1I\- 1111511 111 \\1|1;|| W ;";|i]_
:1r1- 111111111151-:1|1l1i11g .1 l111I111;r:11v1 ur 1l1111l1l1- I|11- s111r1' is Q\'IH.'l'llI1(I. I:|11j11sI s-:11-1111; Il1':11 |- S" Um H, .1, "H, 5-|-_\R \\',\|{_\- _,m| 1-
1.-x|111si11g s11m1-1l1i11_1;I I 111 11|11-11 I11 1111- |)11I1I1Il1|I 11I 11s1111; s|11'1-1:1l |,;| J |,,| "1 5", ;u|d,.| H, W1, ||". Pd.-k.
'III11I'.1- all jmrl u/' /1|1hIi1- r1'l11l1'1111_1-, I 1-I'I1-1'Is. 11111 1111l1- I11 l1r1111;1111111111-1|11|11'11s1s M. -35 ;"m_||1-_ _\ ii mm! mm |.M|_l
1-111-.1-.1. I 1I1111-11, 11111 I 11 111I1:1|1-1
1 1-
1l11s]11-1'1-' 11-11 .11 1-1111 111;," ,4,,;"q 1-m,nm,|y 111-r 111111111 -1 111- -

I-lx:11-Ily. l1's :1 |111l1l11- r1-I.1111111s 14111111111-I1 li1-.1Il1- 11-I1111-11111-1-111i1111:1I I11-1:11l111I111;|':1|1l1y. 1;|y1-1l 1111-111- 1-l11s1- I11 11-l1:11 11-r 111-11111111111
pr1-1Ii1:111.-1I 1111 1111- 11111-1-111r's 111- 1111- |1r111I11- II'h11l 1I11 1-nu I/1i11I1- 11/ :1-111-11 1-111: I1! 511 11111 In 1111. I 1l1i11k lI\:1I 111- 1111111111; II11
1-1-r's l'UIIlL]Il 111' I11-1111,; :1l1lv: luI1III; 1111- |111I1- 1-1111r:-i1-1111! \1r1-1m1n_/-11111.11111111211-11_/711:1'? 1-1'1.-1-15 ||11_11~||11-|- 1111111-r 11111- 1-11111 .1111l I11
111- lay I1:Il1111g I|11-111 111cr1- 11-1-1-1: I111l11_1,-r:1111s 111 I'm 1l1i11ki111; 11I :1 1g11r1_[1'n11s 11|1s1-I 1|1.11 1~1~|-y 1-||-1~1'11]I1- |1_1111|]i111; 1|11-1-11111111111111-.1I111
' ' 11
Il11- sI1111\- .1111l 11:11-img 1111- ]111l1I11- 1'X|l1'l'I I11 1li1||1'| l1_|11|11-|1_()|-;|1|-Hi"1-,,mi|,,4;|.-|-1,35|)- l,n,|,|(.m | |,|,k(. mm |,.1m._ W. |m\-K.
1-1>1111- :1|11l .1-1~1~ 5111111-1|1i111g 111 1|1r1-1- 1l11111-11- |1r:11-11-. Y1111 11-11111 1111-r1*:11c .111 11111i111111s I1-1-I |1r11\-1-11 I11 :1 I111 11|'|1r111l111-1-1. I11:1I s111'1-1.1I 1-1-
siuns. 'l'I11- lrirk is 111.11 1111.-y 11<-\1-1-s:11- :1111-- 111 1111- srv.-111-, .1111l i1 1 1-1-r1- i111|1111-1;11111-is11.1I- 1'1-1-Is 11111 111- 11-1111.1-11 11111 .1111I I111 .1 11-.1.11111-
1111111,; 111111-r Il1:111 i1 11:1. I111l11_1_'r.11ns in 1| 11' 111;1I Il11- s1-1-11cI11-p:1rIi1-11l:11'Iy1111111111113. :1l1l1-;1111111111111l|1111111~1-.

I5
 T
Dgkstra 1

0. ~f|EX
Camera

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Ri1|l.|H| lzzlhnul (lvh) <|rn\uu-
~u||--.~ lhv |vp\l'1|lilIl\ In [hr
l)\ k:~lr.|f|<~w cumvru fur pn-~
||\|ur (bury Kuru. lI.n\ Sn]-1"
pirnlx Ship, lhc .\1illr|\i\|m m-
um. i> nmumul for p|um|gu-
phy in (hv |nn'gIr|\\lI\1|. I4!-
mm: .\ diffrn-nu ;|I\\;|l' on lhv
uxnr ~11-up. Richnnl linlluml
tmghl) mmml.~ rhr n\n\('|m'nl
uf lhr l)\'k~lr:\l'lrx \'-|I11lIJ
wilh n Yht'usl.lI, or "juy.~livk"
J il \\'.A\ mllnl, \\'hi\"h he i\
Imhliug i|\l\i\h||\1|>.'l|1\1.1m-
|'r.| ix on .| hmun arm with
riuln in-I "I u-niml lruwl,
an-l is Inuumnl on :1 ~11!-(mu
truck lnr l1|rrin\IIl.|] mm-I. In
.nldi|i-m u uhrw mu\1'i. lhr
ju\'\liL'k .l|\n umlrnls lhr
umur< whh I1 u|)(f;1h' [hr
lilll'Yil' pun, [ill .nnI ml] .m--
nl n\n\L'm1'lll. 'llu~ wr.~.uilr
l)\ k.~.lr;||'l\'\ mu |).|l\ uni ml]
.|ll xhr \\'.|y .1fu\|m|, .md um
lill in-In ~lr.|izlu rluwll 1.-an"
up, .-\.< lullunal pl'(n:f.llI1\ lhv
unumu I\\n\'r_ .|~~i~\.uu Illmg
Snulh (I1-11) vuu-rs lhrm inn-
u||ll|)\|lrr nu-mury \\-hivh .|l-
lm |lu- -';mu~r.| m n'p1'.ll du-
|'X;ll'l ~,|mr Inn\r.\ Iur c.n|1

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c'lr|nr'IlI M uhv blur \rn-vn
|m\|msil:-. In .|ll nl' rhr fn'|u'l-
ir unlff \p.|\'r zu lion in S'l'.\R
\\'.-\RS lhv \l\ip.~ |u*u-r umwal
am im h. 1| w. [hr mu\'rm1'nl<
n| lhr lh k~(|.|[lr\ llllllrm \h.u

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nrrzrll [hr illmmn of iqlu.

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-1.
:1 ()lt\1tiusIt,liet.1t1st. we rt treating .111 1111
"-al "'1'"""- fl"- lI""""' "7 11]" l"~"'""
who is ||1t're:1t1\'e control of the flllllvllllh to
Iitreat tleal of restraint with re-
L\(T('ll
' .1
fl
'
- -
Kan ll 'hl_ "WY "|"_"l-5" lvlwy 5"
aboitt doing it. liveryttttie stitiietliiiitg gets
cl""fl- " 5u"~" i |l' ml "l"*_
ttnn ts |11\':1l11:1ble 111 tenns of atiyone who is
Em"!' tt 4" filin like
t " 1 I"'*"' ' thi 5- lit-t.i11se
lh'~'"' ""' "l"""" l|""ll mi" "Y" NY '~'xP"'
si: 1" 1'|'=m.1:v- -\"d if 1'<u.i\1\ ilwuzwt the
'l"ll' lll"ll- Y"""~' "l>"l""5|Y .\!"i".\! \"
(""1" ll 'll| \l"'Y- \""'Y '~XPl'"5i\"~' 5l"-
1|
(leorge l.t1r:1s was pretty gnotl in tlte
TIY "'1" l"~' 5" 1\b\" ll<'l"K ST-\R w~'\R~
He was pretty right mt" with regard lo
ivhzit l1e\\:1t1tetl. lle was \'eryeot1tise about
ll- ~'\ l<" "l
*'l\i|"K'~'5 \\"'"~ 'm"k' hm l|"~Y
\\'" lllil"l'l4\| *'h1".1\'5 "5 \\"'" 35 -*T"iI
rltnttt<t'- and for the most Part T "\"\'\<l
ll""2|' ll Will 1' f4llT1""""l "f 1-15*"
Since our shooting ratio was about 3:1,
we it-cre11'1 sliotitiiig dozens of shots from
dlm~'"l
uh. Ding*\".ll"5 I" ""'Y 1' ~"~'"'~' "'1" '35
U UM. Um. Hf l|.m_ W. wnuili
tlo tn:1ster shots on the speeial effects when
may Tn. -;|||.d fun hm miikl. 1| mm "kl.
'.'(l[ll, we tlith1't do :1 master and then
shoot a do/.en or more closeups to simply
cover the seeiie as you wottltl in live :1tti1>tt.
W. .m.ku| u, J mm. l,..if;(_ kiwi uf
storylimirtl. .-\i1d I think tl1at's one of the
things tl1:1t in the past l1:1s been tliffiritlt for
special effeels people to tlo. Often times
the tlirertors have very little utitler.\"t:11ttIit1i;
of .t!n't'i]'t'nt1l_\' \\'l1at they want \1'ht't1 they
deal with :1 f:1|1t:1s1' sitiiatioii. Their visual
concept is totally ethereal. They sit there
and look at the screeii until they see what
they .um_ (;."m. |m.;|_\. .33 guuli in [hm
way. \\'hei1ever there was :1 question. it was
a matter of me pressing to get an answer
from him ;1 roitrise and simple and direct
atiswer :1t1d that's one of the things that
'5""\|il""l"l l" ll"
\'m<'l'~"Y "T lZ"'"P- ll"
and resultetl in the film coiiiing in close to
budget.
The product was certainly worth the
m'"Y 5P""l' '""".\ P"'llll"K ml slulll"
with some faith in the ability of sperial ef-
feets to give tltetn something protlurtion
dollar-wise that will show tip on the screen.
That has opettetl tloors for people in the
setise that studios are ttow less prejutlieed
against :1 film that involves a lot of effects.
wk! '1'" .\"" Pl""~ I-"7 "'1' "'"'""'/I-111!
fttlurt?
Right now I'm eonsitleriiig getting tn-
gether :1 corporation of some of the people
who were working on S'I'.~\R WARS in key
positions. If that happened, we'd be iti the
position to negotiate for some good tleals.
not only for ourselves but for other per-
sons in\*ol\'ed in the industry who might be
working for us. Its a complex thing. But it
gucs 0,, and lmiliw pniglk of mum," pic.
tun-s_ how in gm monc)v in "ier to pm,
duee, how to make :1 living. imttiricty, arul
all that other stuff is something that you've
gm H, (|;,| with day H, (u)" pm ,_~,,p,m|m__
ing GAL:-\C'I'IC.-X, but Wlltll I'm l)ElSICZlll)'
bargaining for is the opportunity to direct
|-"TIC CCVISIUH
| '-
WUY k Or f CZ] l UYC
um,
cm,
we" as supervising mu
c 1'3] e ff e K-;s_ tvhm h appe "Cd on T\R
WARS can happen 'again_ That "cud of
film is comin B back in a bi g wa'Y1 which
means we're all going to have work and
therc's going to be some really great
achievements. It's durable lm convinced
of that. I -
. .
this fztntastic battle set-tie at the entl of it.
.
We startetl kicking :irot1t1tl itleas on how to
U n and ll, pimwgmphk. pmu,s$_s I.-d
ll.\t'. I met (~ieorge ant | s:111:1 |(in nu Hm in.
1
h:ttl put togetlier 1\'hith hzitl the liasit dy-
iiamies and sereeti i.liret'tiutt he \\':1t1tetl. It
w:1s cut from :1 biiiteli of \\'orItI War ll ino-
vi: (|m=_fi|n$_ Sun. K(,n.u '3, J-H rm.
~ :1ge, inst '
:1 iotlgepoi _i;e to s tow t i te t | ynam .
' | | |
ie of wl1:1t he waiitetl. From tl1:it we modi-
rim and motlifietl :1t1d m..t1it'i.-ti.
.1. first ntmtwtttiutl. 1! \'I!lI work ti! ll
wit/I limit! .\Irt.'tni|' fit I/t'i'l'-Ill/ll-71$ I/11' mu-
,1,-[51),,/,,,1,,gr,,/,/iy/
\'es,i11 terms of the pl1oto.!T:1bl1'- trYit1l-Z
to limit, lttC1lll$t' it ii-as';i iiioiistmiis pru-
jf('|_ || 5" 111; ;| |t,| of liptiplg \\~|it|]tI
. Rlchnrll h".ml hf l":" c"""m"l"
Z l1:1\'e l:111t;l1etltlitl lattgli :it the idea of try-
Sm? 1965' gcmuli l"s."m "lam as 1' rst ing to do tl1:1t mueh in a Iiiititetl amoimt of
s'5," ".""l, "".""' H ""l"l f" time with less th:111 tlutllblt the amount of
JUL. cslllclujcr S "lmml cl-llvus lm.sc rm iiionei tli:1t Kubrick woiild want. So Grant
Rm" Y}"'5~ ' -'\l ll?! lf"""~ Y5 |'t"\"\<l- and i \.. Try (.|m.t.|y_k|m_ | .0"|i pm-|i.
I _k1"l'~ll "'5" I tlld" I '?"" I" <_l_"l' -|4'' ,;gp_,- lmiy in .,.ms (,[ u.cm|s' hm. he U".
umlI.l ms .h1m"lL-d 1' hghuncum lk'.k
the film business for two ye:1rs:11ttli;ot1i1ui kuurcswouldmam,
gities look, how to |'lI(llll\l the 1ni11>
it as .rsMi|(. n sL.l_"|, us
""'5k I ""!| l'l'l"l{"i\l'hY- i'"" :"""5- possible.
pronto films, and _|t1st :1l_ot of exi1erttt1ettt- "7"" ",1. m,,w /- H. /.|-nun, I,,.,,;,I.,"_\-
mg" lr' Gllllc liars m. Sm .hm_"_"' t'm'nIt't'1I in tnittinlttr-1 /1/tulugrnpliv?
5l" M41 "'3"-_ l)\"|"l "5 l'"f"l l"~' In ttiiiiiatttre pllotogrztiilti the first,
~"f"l 1" -"'lM'*'r '5H"l l|""P'-l""5"' I most liasie problem is to make it look real.
tniniatiire :i1i1p r1111 mi li;it_ter1es. iisetl pri- I fl, hm U. oprniug Sim was Ii. mug
"'""||)' "1 ll"! "'1"! ["7 \""".\'"l' P"l'5"5 iinportatit shot of the movie, beeztttse tl1:1t
'""k"l_'_|" *""l"l "ml hllll " 5"_""l is ~||;|\ ',,]| mgr k-\-,_-|-y,,m- ;|-ay [mm tn-_
li|l|fY- '5 .\l\' 'l\l'"\ 1" "ll Ill" l""3""":" ing itt the theatre itito that leap of faith.
ll": 5\"'5- ll B"3"l"_"_5 ffnd 5'n"l l'"'ll' George was very worried about that shot
"-K 5" "l l"!~!'~"_l' "l i lfl'"' "ml ztlsti. If you blow it t|1ere,ai1tl the atttlience
5"'~""'~' "l '5"l"l1'l' Hf" "'_"l|h"r,""" is nut roinpletely totalled out, yot1\e lost
"Y l"~"'f"'' if lf"ll"'{"" "en" R"_l"fl them. The sotttid effects and musie helpetl
-4" l"'Ck_"l" m'' ''k'g M Ml "\l"'l 5 a great tle:il there. too. In otlter words. the
totnmerc1:1l house fora year atttl
:1 half. tlo- rs shm Sc H, SW, and H, mm, and
"9 ckjclftlttte p|",|(igr:ipl1y_ 4'"
t~m1gn~,||,_|
the look of the pieture. So initially, if you
slmls |'k"_l'~ k'l"'g 7'UP """"'""'"1]"' see and accept that. then you've got it.
'35 l)'"lvl'Yl"h" Dykslm rm "k m Ifliv rlltl \-nu usr the l'irlul't'.riott rtglzl
SIAR "\_R5 ml l'_"l" one "li W kfy pt'r]'nrii!iur1 jilrntul?
clulnunls m lo .r"r.m"i1 Ur ]ml.usml I had poketl :1ro1tt1tl abottt a year earlier
I'll?!" "ml 'g_ m an Buys C '5 um and l1:1tltIiscti\eretl \'ista\'isiot1 equiptnent.
rcny. 5, ""'
.m"' llnd U": umlm:" r _]oh1t Dykstra proli:1bly tliseoveretl it con-
\K'\'l\_' iurklng Wm Jhll.D_yks"a 0 eurrently. The itlea of working witlt :1 large
the special fans rm G"\l\(I""\' negative of that size was very exciting to
me. 'Iet'l1t1ically, you t:1n't shoot minia-
ll Ill! _\'"" l"'l"'""' ""'"ll"l I" STAR lures with Ian:1\'ision lenses, or atizitnorphie
W.-IRS? lenses. those that squeele the image and
Dick Alexander and I are friends. lle ts 1|-n unsqucgzq ii in pmjcciium |N_-;,u5 of
tlte machinist who basically built most of 3|] kinds f p|i;,] pmh|cms_ '|'] 1|;-pi]; of
the equipment and kept everything Kuigi field is very strange. You can't get very
ml he '35 5! K""ll fflfml "f .l"l"\'5- ll '35 close to tniniatures because they start (lis-
through him that _]oht1 found out about rm-ting in wqint way-_ You havc qt, 511001
me. with spherical lenses or use models ten
-'\PPi1R"llY Gilt) Kufll _l\ild lilk"_ll"- times the size we used.
Pml"'5l Mound WW". i-"111 ll W515 Ul)\l"\15 \'ista\'ision is a double 35min frame.
ha! he mchnology ." Ho. ,he .m (.10 0"" 9" ll": h"5i"5 "1 _5P3C'5\| CH-"5" l5 "'1"
[he show -luhn told mm t
H d."' hhl Y9 k'f" "P" W"- ' H""B l ll-we O
cost. 3 lm of mlmcli mt us m
"I'P'"!}- bu ml ls. Hf mly .?? E cim
[_ C dupc mmr \" have m 5'19" the ("'5'
S7l imd '9 hCkg"""d -15 5I*i"@"3 cl!
b.ldunc' Oltcrwlcllll aulldli l Hi ll": ""~'f"5-_u"l5 Yml "5? \l"~ hcll'l1lk' Y5_"3"':v
f"B"\l lk-.l " 5:5? The I -"llfl if which is a 1_rery laborious process. We dtdt1_t
""ed: "l"'~"f" -1c~\m]r~1T']'l~\"'~ ~15; have the time to deaI_wtth that. 200] did
l_"' Ml ".d f :1 j li__ that. but most of their shots 1-vl't' 511181!-
aucpl he Jubguiffrsl cm"r"";lk3': $0 X15 _m"~5i V-TY P"d"5- Fund 5h'5
!'4l PhllZ'-P 1- ll tlT'~1_l that _|llSl sat there on the screen for a long
P'f1 ff ":ld '."~ I "| }:"g "mt-
)0 p'rc\wus.h ms I-lumpefl at lm.c mil-' Btfmc STAB WARS l_3dY had PVC?
\\()T k * '1h \*1~<l l ""0 1" '~mP1& l""|d|"E- ""1 seen a spaceship do these kinds of things.
I
-
spc, CU; "10"!" li""_W _~\ l '5 c"'P 91 That s why we wanted to dn ll. So it was a
.
5P"~"l CHE! 5"-l'- "l J" P"C"lh f~k" matter of settling on the scale of the entire
Panmcnlv rl5CP d'~'P"mc"'~- m-C "1" project, how big the models would bc, be-
shop and mum . .
CW" Y0" ""1 hi" ~l"Ylli"S "'1" 8 I
-John mm me hm Gwrgc anmd '0 out of focus. 'I'hat's the prime rulc. Arty-
make he mm because he mmed '0 have thing that goes out of foeus is a dead give-
INTERVIEW BY l\"CK GARRIS
:1waY- W! W""~'d ll"
"d'~'l | 5 as
small as possible so they'd be easy to heft
I7

ls!Ej_/t-r!s(.'u1nn'ru1riui| Rit-Imrdlidlimd.
amump Y
large umugh 5, you c,,u|d gel
the camera close enough to make them
]m,k[,jg_
trim: it Itttfqm almul 1h- Ilykrlrnex
mmrm?
It is a large-format camera that is small-
C, mm, mus, sm,,,_|a,.d_fu,.m;" mmcmi it
\\i\y, tilt fnm
l \\'|ll PIN], fl) ll ilfun ti il ll l?
I r
V
straight down to 30" up, and boom up antl
d"._ h is on u _;3_fm, ],_."g|, Ur "Wk.
l electroiiieally controlled so that you can
run the lotallengtlt ..n|\t- lritfl, then back
up and iiiake exactly the same moves again
so precisely that you e;int tell the differ-
l etice.
I)i1I you ii.n':1uiiI:I|--/ui.r.tmatting!
gm -|~|m|-5 hm _],,|m .;"",..| H, ,p,_
That was the initial idea, but l felt that
hlue screen was the way to go.
iflial nmllu you t'fI|I1I.\'|' Iflt l|[ut- _u-n-no
pnict-st?
#1. Because, first, you can use coiiveiitioiial
cameras, second, your matte is obtained
from your tirigimil |1t'g;|ti\-t~_ and ||_|5 ti";
best chance of holding size and ni;itchin_q
exactly. We did some doublepass ntattiii_i5.
but in onlt-r to utilize ii"; tg-[|\i1i;|\||_~ for
E inost of what we were doing, the exposure
of the niatte would liave to be absolutely
the saint as the t-\~p.>.m- of the objt-t-t,
otherwise when the models streak, as they
did a lot, the streak of the inattc has to be
exactly the szinie as the streak of the lI\li
del. You have to fill in all the sliadow holes
so you don't leak the iiiatte. lt would liave
been ridiculous to do it \llt\lltlt'-|IL|SS.
l knew that if we did tl<\'t'lti)) a blue
screen systein, that it would work. l had
complete faith iii that. (iconic did worry
about it. Not that ttl\|t'l\ blue screen has
been done for ;i long filth. lhit l think we
h; wk.-n u. Slimm, Hm ,,|"t,|m. S,-n.,.n H
you ha\'i- 1-nouglt time and inone\' to uo iii-
l ll ll ill '-Y ""11 T lli"l ml l"'l \'"l\- frulne than most of the \\orld \\:ir ll foot-
stiltants that were 2|\'.\ll-tltlt you r.ui do it.
lt hasn't been used in .| loin; tin\t' licczitlse
producers worried about it. 'l'l\ey'd sci" bad
blue screen shots. 'l'liey'd see blue fringe.
But I had seen inan\' shots done where you
couldn't tell it was .i iiiatte shot. So l had
ll
faith in it, l knew it could he dune. Not 0n-
|Y _fl1ll-bu! l l_""~'' If W9 "3" B'"K lo
build a production system to handle that
V"l\lm1? "f \\'ll<. Illa! W? hall lhc VQ bil5"5
tools You need for successful special f-
f"u5' l'"'5l '5 3" il"5"l"-'l:' T'~'P'~'5"3llc1"f'
era system, so that you _can rnake multt-
P355 5ll5 1"~'l""""E U"! "kmfcill mo"? "l
ht 5l"5 f"' C-1" c]'~"'""- 5'~l'""l- W!
Rd -1" ll5"l"|cl\' 'li1|l'lc m-U112 5Y5lm'
Thufc -1" ll \' "mi" l"t'"(ll'"fi5- if Y9
do ' haw [hem "!~l''th_"" YP" r'~' "l ""hl\'
"T -1| 135! 5'~"'"*|}' llmlmll "'\ 'l]l Y"" 1'1"
do. Al Miller designed the motton control
systetn, which was _|ust iinbelirliable. lt was
sf Yellilhlc hm We did" hilvc ml down
(I.l'TlC,l\Cl".
lflml tor! of rr_nmriuriu:atimis problems
t'YISllltf hettoevti (;!)1_Qt',w'I!) was ovcr.n.'1zs
8"! P971141" '1'. lfll f""1'- 11"! the "f/("73-
crew at lndustrtnl Light {'a'l\lngic, .reqiu'st'r-
ml away ni lIie'Satt I4'rnmido_ Valley?
_l-lust halt mlgmg _'5! ulilnlll Pl; 4000
:;'nein;:?'abl;3'i:"Ony" llfccui :52
7 P Y 3
had a hell of a lot to do. \\e had bitten off
C3
" hlg ch"_k' ms f J"-1'15 "1 5i\Y"tl We
could do "' Bu W: all gured that we
i
fl.m' T26 (Md. hm George W; M he"
i
"1"! i e "mml *8 of f d"l"Pmcm
stuff that he
caused us to shoot a lot
. , ,
gilt" 'hccP-h_7 5h(k5_"1d l5;d- "yd PVC
Ii? t epnggc L": aver mg a2 may 0'
"nhm ' C 92} 2 -I
d _I/'. """?Z" ;' '"' "P'g "my
an tz c nitqms wt! out .uca.r being lhtft-I.
C had mm] frccdfnn mhout hlm
there. We had the dog-fight lm. and we
had spent a long time going over story-
hoards and conceptual material. _]oe _]0hn-
sum did thc 5tQrybQ;u~d_ Hg was jug ;;m;;z-
ing. Ht did an awful lot on STAR WARS.
when George did get back, he spent
about two weeks on the stage with me
everyday. I'd make a shot on black-and-
white stock so he could see what the mo\'e
looked like, and he spent a lot of time go-
in K,-,1-r ;q_ |||| ;|y_ \\'h;|; wnuld it bi;
like if we moved this way instead of that
way," becaiise he had the whole cutting
plan in his head. We couldn't have that. We
had his dog-fight film. so we knew how the
l'fftct Shots were cutting. \\'orkin_t; with
(iLur_t:t on the sequence, he recognized
what the liinitations of working with the
System were, and could then begin to live
with Hm Hmimlions in arms "f M5 i"1-
agined effects scenes.
Ilnzu IYl(Itl)' new Iecliiiiqiit-s mirlforrnr of
rqiii/ntietil rm-re th'r'i'Inpm[ .rpi'i'ifirrilI_v fur
.\'l'.lR It.-IRS?
l"-ach new situation that we faced pre-
seiited a new problem, and a solution
would often entail doing soiiietliing which
had never been dune before. The runiiiiig
iiikc at ll..\l was doing soinetliiing new and
shouting .\I\t)\llt'l' first!"
Um ufllir-n|o_i'I itti/1ri'.v.\'iz-ejitn-trnj I/it"
xpr-rt}iI 1-_/_'1t'i I.\' tutti Ilir n-nIi.\'lir \"iniitIu1ion
of _t/n't':I, ]mrIitti1nrl\' in I/ti !n'm"li .\'i'
i]H|HttJ. Ilnzu it1|.\' IIit'.i iitIn]'i't-1/?
\\'e knew tli.it there w.is a certain d\-
mun [hm it hm! m h;|__ ml | km, mg,
George watited the ships larger within the
age we worked front. lit that, there \\t'|;-
planes inissing you by Ll liiindred feet or so.
\\'heii the head for the llvkslraflex canierai
was being desiigned, l tried to keep it as
narrow as possible, honing; off
half-inch a ""ll'l
here and thcre,|naking it so that you could
_
get the models close to the lens. The closer
you can get the lens to your subject. the
nearer it can pass you by, hence the rnnrc
dramatic the effect. The traditional effects
cameras are htunungoiir. The other camera,
the sister unit for the Dykstraflex which
we used for backgrounds and star fields,
was a converted Tecltiiicolor rainera which
was about a foot high and about ten inches
wide, mounted on a huge head. The aneu-
lar displacement and all. the motions it did
were electronically matched ratiowise to
the tracking camera. So a shot that was
made U" [he kmg "Mk ,_-[mid he mkcn mm-
wiqhnut the 1-ackloop, using only the pan,
tilt and roll to shoot the stars at iiifinit 3.
Thats another thing. The old concept
of muhiptaning stars hm Y0 5. all he
me is so phony and ridi(.u|0us_ \~"u',|
have to be in a rock storm for anything to
be passing that [ML
5,1 up 1;. ,[(,g_]',-gm n.qm.,,C'.f,,, L
The real quality of the dog-fight track is
visceral. You don:t reiiieinlienanythiiig in
particular about it. lts moving so fast.3
C
>|~hcn_.-5 so much action la mu make
point about that visceral quality that we
were after When we got the dailies we'd
see on the screen thisismeary blob go fly-
ing liy. And here's another. It's on this
Hue bnckgmund . he. rm] Mm m pm i in
. .
context. There's all this junk in the scene-
u5d "1 Eh! hi "ill"?! ml m"\'" if
around. There's a key light, with a hunch
Of flags in from of it. and then-s
nag down hcrc O kccp
amulivr
light 0 H. pylon
inmhu llghf d"'n l"~'\*' Will 3 bill Mi in
front of it, a pylon sticking down with
some vclvctwrappetl around the bottom nf
ll. l\ll_ng "1 Fl "lick Wllh II ll"'"l-1hlt l OW
ly realized that Ilia! was how it would real-
lY look if!"ihvvling 5"""~' lm ml 5'~'f"S
what we were zwing- 11's df5=lPPi'"l"S
Wilt" Y-he KUY5 l" "W mudcl 5hP 5Pcd
4090 mil" h\"5 d!3ill"S CV97) link blb
and f"!"3'5 lhf5 f|l5l\ Coming
"9"- ?|"Yll"i"!l f" ll1|lP1"'
Y1"-\ 951"! 51'"
3157055 thtl
ticular shot. lii another shot, you may see
""9 mill lf'~lll- -\5 ll \\'l"l'~'- Wm K"! U
kw Wlllll ll"! mlt<lll lltvki lflw. lull You
"\'f 5'39 fl f" "IR" 5l10l~ Tl\1\l'5 "|\lll"'|'il1\!
everytliiiig that we're doing. lhv reztlil-1!i<tI\
llllll Will ll"! '~'X'~"l'l)\l"" "f ll"! hill 5liP5-
\\'l\i-ll l'"" do 1"~'- 1\"ll "'1' l)\'1lll\ 51!".
which is just sitting there the ships are
fairly visceral, rather than \ll|;\l.
whc" 6"!-'~' '3-1m'~' l""5k fml l'i"l1""l-
we spent that time shooting film tests of
(Will 5|")! lN'f0Y \V"ll ihlml ll- U5!!! fl"
Y1fk'ttKL' film WC ll doth Part of \lu* St-
(i"'1~'- and \\"L"il "11"P4"!"f"<'\'"lliI\s:-
Th" 5'~"l~"*' "lllllll full fl 1| \!"\' ll ml
'l"kPf! Y'~'llf"t; $""\l'll\flHl- llilltl \1\'ll' HI
|\f l'~'fl- WP Pick \I|> lIi$ lillt Hf iqltt lltul Put
l" "W l'l4"" l" ll"? '|'|""\"'~' fill" \'l'l""'-'"\
5"!-Z lhl 5lll' ll" 5*"~*- T" ml" 1'14" "' Pl"
'1' shill "ll " ll"! l*\'l"". l"" ll" ll!-ill" II"
ll- i""l "IF" "1 lhl l)l'k*"'llf|*'X ?""l'fi\~
our L-"mml i5 1' "'4 Wm "*'l\' l"- Y
k"h5 " ii 'hi"| '?k'~' 1'"Y"'"'ft\'*'|l'
l"'5 5-!" l*'k\\'1\"l~ "T f'"''1"l5- l 5111"
l'l' l"".\I|'*\"""l".\; ht lTi\<'i<. \\l1il'h ii lhv
grossest llll)\'t. l*roiii the fihn we find out
hm Mil 'l"~' "l'.l"" '"'"~ l
l"' 1" lhl slim
"I ill" "l""'~'v "ml l"'' hill ll '?\"l5 1" [Wgoes -ll
the end. So l ltirn the pot, the cinnera
"P l|"~ "4"'k' ll "WY i"'\'l'|'-\\*'- l"\\' ll*>'|h
ml '~""' li"'k- -H"? $lll' "W" ""l'-
T|l1 ll" i|l"i""- 4l'l"~'1'1lI"1'l'=lII\t>'v-'ll\l'
55 1il- "1 ll""'l l"l\'\ l" llill" ill"
\\'l1"|'~ i1l,lZ\'- Y""iT\' '~'>'\"\lf1\||l' l''kf"l ff
-7

D
thc ship ztntl lnnving thr wurltl in rt-ltttinn y,_-rs 0,11-ing |,,,"| I-,, |hm|;|m] sq.
tn it. l:-rh.ips it has tu|nn\'<'fmn1 nne stile t-11; firiitm
|||y||k$ ;||tt| tlmiig tlr;|\\-tings.
of the st"rt'<'n tn the uthvr. It has tnl1.1\'v:t llt' :|tlt't\tlt't| t'ullt't;t' fur l\\'n yvurs ill .\ntt-
l\ll'('
' ('\lf\'l'. Y (I\l Slllfl l Iy pfllgfillnll \I t|_\' 1| Ul'\l Ill
' Y (' ll l)\\' $
.]lrlt\g.<
Zllll I st ll rt (I l J ni|n'\t '
. 1

pan, with ;tt\ :tt\'clt'r;ttiut\ mid tlcrclt-r:itiutt gm: in 19;g_ ||( mm -um 1., (j|] _\n,
tu it. Tlivn thc tilt has tn mzttrh it. ll has tn \\'url&iIl\; tumtrtls .t .\l.tstt-r uf l-inc .\rts tlt-~
tnll :1 hit. .-\llt'r you prtngmtn mic t'lt'tt\t't\t u. hm mppL.| Wiuml win." tn. |,L-mu
of tht rztntrrn Inution. you run it hark tu '.,"ki"u I,r,,|".55;,|L,]]\'_ |__m.r (,"_ [W H-_
llw hv1l- "W" tlmtv-11 "H" "H1 <"'- '""*' tttmt-tt 1. (llll .\rts in AI lt'.|t um t'.|p.tt'il\'.
Pli|YlK lllc r U"l'- 5\"~l 5" "- The m"5l /A U J {EU 7 7 .\tl;tm has \t\|t1hlt'lttl l'i\'t llllllllt-l\ktl

j
'-'"Pll5i"*"l l""!!T4"" '35 ll? *\llll'~'"l"m films with snmr \'t'r\ intrrt-slim; titlt-.~:

'
' l.4.H.t
" ~ ' I
;:li',agc. ll shlriitl
t..
Falcnn hztrkittg nut of the llcttth St;u' dock
" like lmckini out of
quztlity. wliiclt was
T
~u
D [E l
K]-I-Scll Ix 5\'\-Q |"I;_\\'\- ]_|(;|| 1"_ _\'_\l'_
-_ ~ _; "-
: .' .-
'|i|i|i; sigh)
.-

[5-(|)ll]\{_
~ . i
i_l\H(.)|.
ki'l3'""'*"'- 1' -1"
"1" "-i"l"'"'- 4 D .. C G nut is llllnlll [U t-t~ tllSllllllll\'tl tl\t~.ittit'.tll\-
la" lf1;\Ilnl('; 5"l"ll3|"f ll;""i1l:ll::|l'l:::_-5 _ il in .'l5m|n, p.trt uf tht- in-\\ tn-ml tu hrim;
ml E l - ' " "' ll
"C "5
aI_schtml. wlicrc t'\'t'r','tl1it1g1tsltunkctlttptu
"?~ ' aiiiittuttctl shuns lurk int-1 ttttwiu l\n\t\'t'.s'.
Sk..m| mks R. ."rn.m| in H. .nrk.:
\\lR .ttttl t'lct"trn|ntttllyrutttmllctl. lt'rsnn- .\l}' pt! Slll ts the tint where the DEAR |_\_\'](;|._ KN-(yl-'1-|._ (;R()_\-_\-].__ _h|
4\1|Y- l |'}_|""!-I "1""' 1} "W $\'=\*'"f"l_"'*l1=\"l5 littlv:_]aw:ts ttsvtl an clcrtricztl \\'t'ztpnn l.l(;H'l' IX t'Ill-. .\'|'().\t, .t lm |lt.t| |tt_<
stllhuul. lIlltv:r1:'Avztslitlitizsltttl.:>tix:::tlfut;sci tn shoot RQDQ cur hr |)(-ginning Hf
q <"l"~' 1 "
ll L! Q '~' i " ' "
'3]"! h.'"l|;" . .. . . . . '_
ht-t-n \\url\ittg mi s|lmr:|tli<'l.tll} l(l\lll'lI\L1 the
past st'\'t~|i yt-an ;ttu. um lI.tl tr tupus to
'h"!.m""hll
(mil slut
.

dwdvd vnrly "I1 liwl II \\'=\ 1" THY W" finish in my ttt*;|r ttt|tm~. \\'.\t<s is
tmu-hint-likc. If You usutl it. ztntl tt1:ttlt-ah.m- mil IUII. was sutttvw in tnsptrct iy his Hm fmmn. mm
Ittttl_\' /rt'r_/wt! \'\|r\'t's_ lhctt yu\|'\'c tgtkutt thv Josh ,\|c,1(|(||"5 ;||1i|1];|ti|)|1 (if [hp ](l
Hiinutt-m-ss uu_t tut" ll,1\;1ltl'lllUtIl;S plmny, _\|0"h_.|. in ]:0RB||)|)|.:N p|_.\\'|r_'|_ Ilun tmutlil wt 1I|'_/fur m1.l|\-.-.|/t_i|1_t_v_/
1'1\"|"P'"l'Y'"""\!*' 5'" 1* \l\"I"1"Y '5~ l{u|u.sn\pitu; is .\ prutcss t i.tt qivus y--u
sllpcrlccl ml ill "('1 illwn-lll:"i'
Ilntv It'n|t[|l _\-nu nth Iltr SI.-llt H.-lltb , .
nk .'\t|;ttu lluckctt
my M or is .|tt t|ttlltI.|ln|' .|ntl film ll_' "-I-llllll' ll "1\l~_l'"_4 -"l_\""'l" llli" _l"*"
m m.hiu.u H. W <'t_st'l\' m.tl<'lu-s .m cxtstitig |ni.u;t~ mt lilm.
l-"";_"!'_'/]li"'_'l" . I 1 I, horn in I950 ;tntl li\'t~tl must tit his lil't- in _ll' l_'l l""""' """'l"_""" " ""l"l"'{l"""
\l';lTu>;'"\"l"l 1'-1;" lt~' ~--' "_" l.u 4\I1t1tlt'>. "l l,,.| H. r l_iEh|n." |t-\_t<v}r llltll tlut t-tl|.tl|lt-.~|<u| tn ]l>t<\|ttt 41:
scat 1' wutt t t:|\*t' H tt\!Y\1 '1
tr . 1 rxtslttig nn.u;t- .n\\ tn )1 lul|t!(I.||II .||t\\'n|'"
that. l think if you shunt fur ;\ st;tlu of Hl, ,. . . . . . . . . trltrt-tl frntn lh.|t i|n.n.;t'. \\t- ]|_| H, _,l.i,J_
Ix I LR IL B
1

that mucll. tnuch ttt|1n't'u\t|tlltt'tlu|\t'll\:llI PAL l '\l"\Nl)L]'l' rzitr rtltt\t't>]1t' units fur _\"l'.\l{ \\'.\l{.\'. (hu-
ST.\l( \\'.'\RSuccnlttplisltctl. l;tttl .\1uiult'll is .t film hist<>ri.m .mtl slup~ pmjt-t't\'tl thr im:|\;t' lrutn tltr llttunllt tiff
lfltultt-unl1I_\w||1 \t'un'/tig/tt'rI/11!?! 3.3?! motion zmimzttur livitn; in .\'t'\\' York (Iity. mi|'ru|' unlu |]tt- utttlt-rsith~ nl .t ~;lutt wt
l'tl srnrr rt-rtttitt putts of 2001 higher. llc tlitl titlc ztttittmtiun fur mt NBC s|ut'i.\l ||;\pur or rel, \\'hit'h um-.m\ th.t\' \\'t~ h.tt| t<>
sitttply ln:r;|ttst' tht-y htul intrt't|il1|t' ;tt1tl rt-t't'i\t~tl Al |{T1\lll frum tho .\l~'l |'nr 1| rt-~ W [y,|1]l\|1't'|][ Ur 1|-_||is-||.m-in m.|tt~ri_tls-.
attmunls of timv to tlu it in. Thuy wcrc scurcli prujcct nit s|u.~t"i;il t-l'l't-cts in I974. '|'ht- ttthcr r;||n<'r.t |iruit-1 lltl (mitt .tlm\t' t[i-
alulc lu sprtul lHtIl\llIS un at shut. wht-re we llis lung ;t\\';titt-tl lmuk, 'I'Itt' I-'v'i_t'/ti I-lit"/1/r_\_ R-|y |,,-n mm, [hr an ,\"|"\-_ -hi. 1,
wnulcl unly spcntl tlztys. Our upvcttintg shut. will l)C}1\ll)llSl1t'(l this summcr. mt-;,m 111; |]|(~ im;|ut~ \\;|> \'i\il||t' t-\'t-n il \\t-
35 lmlmnilm 415 ll '35- ""lY K"! |l""'l' l1\)'5 ttsctl np.t\|t|t' .trt m:|lt'ri.tls. 'l'ht* t'.\st'i\ti.|l

j ': "/ " : '/_'

-
~"1'"'~/'~=\-~""">" /.'~"!'"~ -'.'
'
"""'
I - W m. \t'qm'rtrr in IAIH-4'! 1/1. VII/H11 ix /,1.t<1..t
,t.,,.-
ht
/.
|'"'.l\'*" -"31 "'|'l\"l*"~'Y-\t'l' "'P}'-"-"*1\
-<'."' ,/,.- ti.-H. .t.-.-~.~.- .\.,. /I~u~ '/~/ .t~-I /~-/- >1-Hr
llntrrt [In], I/14' 1]t;{tlI|1'_/Hr 1/4/7t'r'r111_g'I \'ltI.\ H. mm,- '..,,> pm] ,,,| ;.>v|ll. |\xlR-5'?
mu ll/Int! \-nu. tirr In tr

i
1-rr _\'nl| ,1
1).-tt \-"1. .~t'.-.- .tt/t,m/.-
Wt wcrv .|l||t- to
I-/2
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l
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using
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1

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1

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 inrh s1":1le, \\*hieh wnrketl tlte first ti111e. in l-l11_1;l:1|11l takittg care of the really ex)>e11-
Ill! )" '""' ".\' /""'!'I"' 'l' 1"" si\'e sets and also 1111 the .\l'ri1'.1t1 .~'l11111ti111.;.
lliilllllli-|""1,/hrnml? $11 we were kind 11l\\'11rki1n; i11 tl1e<l.1rl: l'11r
l "\1\|lY lll"'l l"~ ""Y l"'"l|'~""$i ll"~' :1 while. l spent :|l111\tt four ur l'i\'e tttuttths
'"<' 51" l"\i'~'llY 5"l""l l-"T "'- \ll5l"' tl1>i111g;111i11t;1te1lexplusimts11-hit'l1\\-1.-reeu11-
\'isiu11 is a lrrm1'111I1111.\" lur111:1t tn work i11. .-,_.i||,|\- ing U, he in 11. mm and Tn.
H1111-c\'er, the n1eeh:111ir:1l |)l'tlltl1't1tS remain "UL '|'|',L- 11,in1.|,;,m1 [....(||,m.k | um .|i.|,,~1
he 5-1"'- Tl" "'4'." l"'"l'l"'5 '*'"' l1"'\'ll 111e that at1i111:1ti<111 really \\':1s11'1
i11l'11r111
and 5"l"l"l lY '1' "l"l""l
l(P"Yl'"\ "ml what they \\~:111te1l.:111lall th:1t st11lT\\'11u111l
stage. They i11cl111le1l tltings like :1 lack 111' up on 1111- ,,m_
hlll 5l'l'd "1lml'll'lY ml l'X1|.\-l.\l'~"'5"l"l ll'/1111 p1'r11-11I.1_1_'1' 11f_111111r,1/1111.1 :1'1'r1
sl1r111k:11;e pmhlents. .rt'r11/1/nvl?
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tl1:1t e:1rl\ a11i|11:1ti1111, .1111l 11i|e :1 l1it 1

G""'~'|'1\llY l" ll"! 7"!" lP1""""l1 T 1>fel'l'<1rt. l-'11r t'4X;1tttplC, there \\':tsl<1l\t per-
"'"~' P""l"l"!-Z ldl"ll"4\l mm "l'~""'~'"l>'- e1111ial :1|1im:1te1l explnsimt sl1<1t,$l1nI .\'um-
.-\ I111 of that st11t'l' was 11111 i11cre1lil1|y pre- 1,.-, _]1_<;_ 111- 115,1 ;,|,,,m (111.-1-n .11 1~1-my
clscl WY \\"~"l utlllfltilc |T\11lll'-" l" "\1"Y 1lilTere111 \ersi<111s of that. \\'e were just try-
shnts nl tlte spaeesltips, most 111' the hltte in 1,, m;,};,_~ jg -.,rk_ .\| [hm mm-_ (;m,n=.-
screen \\-nttltl he euvere1l_11\ nrtlt-r 111 tn|111- Lu. .35 Ins. suruug m 1,. ;.."]u|,|,_. Jud
mlzc ll"'5 >l"" " ll"
5|"l)5 1""l 'l"\\' 51" there \\':1s11 1 enu111;l1 ft-1'1ll1:1el\. vet. was :1 lt l . |- ,, - |~ ,1-I _. .
"'1 ll? 5'"" ll5\'ll- ()"lY ll"! '"l"l"\l|"
1 _ _ _ _ .

1501111111n1i1:1ti<111s prolilent as n1111'l1 as .1n\'- .,ml:\.L O, H} :9 llllilrillililll U1 ill?

area of the hlue sereen was visible i11 the thing else, :1111l l think there may h;1\'e 111-1111 mm iimn l:F_:|_:ru_:i
Pl"""!-'-'"l'lY "l ll"
|"|'"="\""~'- O? 111"" :1 littl1' 1-1411 i11\11l\'1'd, 11111. \\'e l1.11l;1lre:11ly ml mum ;mfi(_(..;:n1,-will hilt, HT
bi\' ""1ll\'5 "~'|' '~l"" 1" "l1"l\"' ll? sl1n1:1l11111t lilt1'e11<1r twettty|11i11iat11resl1ip - !_ .1 | i| l~ , I, .- ll-"_
peripheral areas of thuse shuts. l11 atltlitiult
<

expl1>in|1S, and they \\'ere11'1 wurkirtg hy "_>lr"_( L xi W" ' lm 'iL'_m_|>- "_l"_,ml'm ll:
ll! lllli. there were shuts tl1at hllll ll"! the111sel\'es. Tltey |1ee1le1ls1>|11etl1i11g else. =\ mm' mmhmm rm hm Wu" is
atttl giant people. lle USHP5
prnbletn ul'sl1:11l0wsm1 tl1e hhte sereen. l1e- 51-1111111 1111it \\';|s e\'e11111:1ll1' set 11p;1111l11e1\' I \ '_| D . i :111e111le1l I eulleqe i11 .

cause in eertaitt setups, the ships wnultl he explusi1111s were l'il111e1l. B111 we \\'11rl;e1l 1111 n " lnhll. lr]"'_" l."'.l Him]? li.'_'_" ll:
right up near the hhte sereett. There were a11im:1le1l 1'11l1;1111"e111e11ts fur :1 l11n_1g 1i111e i11 H mf _(_lnu";. mull "l"l"_rl
shatlows at titttes 1111 the hltte pylon ship 1111 effort tn make tlte ll..\lexpl11si1111s s:1tis- m "":*_|'." l; .v yr _"' "l;'
supports. This sitttatiun 1":1lle1l l'11rue1asi1111- fy the tlireetnr. 3 Ur M. ml"
um m- ""\H_ "ml |_ (hill:
al prerise tnattes. D11 111111 lhinlt llml m11'n1u!1-11 T..l]"l)'"l__">" ."_'ll;|"_l"r 1. .];\. . 'l[' I. ll
ll ll
1-.\'/;l11.1"1'1111.1
I'1'1' but-11 lnltl Ilia! n1m|_\~ 11] I/11*.1/11/1 i11- 1111:1111! r1-1tll_\' l1mI.- in
1'1/111-1'r11'1'11_1_'_ 1'.\/11'1'1'11II_\- "_'":\v "ll: l'__' m'l"."l'_ .i
lrr1'nrsf1'lm1'1l 1'11 Iiiiglriml hurl n In! u]'l:l1|1' 11 film like R l1'.4lR.\'I'
S'I'.4I lll """l".l ll "U". _."l_|' ml ".l'"'l
.rp1'll[mI1l1'u1s. . . Nu. nut yet. Realism :1111l l>elie\':1l1ilit1- "-"ll _-H l\1t'\1'1l I1} [)1-111111 1lt\er11se1>| l*""
Tltat was :1 little treat
:1rra111;e1l" lur 115 are essential to tl1e 1lr:1111;1. \\'h;11 we te1111e1l Slnilnh lllimurJPlW' _'\h-M "ll ul.'n.l$
by [he English (.n.._ My purnllur "Pink," .._xp|m_im L_"]mm_1_"_m1- Jnmunwd In :1111l 1l11r111r; s111n1111"r \'.11.1111111s. 11 1111111 11111
is tl1:1t :1 eertaitt antuuttt ul spill is 1111:1\'ni1l~ 1111111-_i11l1i1111i1_;|11_]ik1~;111_1||1-111111 111111_1k1- "r l" ""l']"'" _""| *_'l|'l""l"ll
11111 R01 M1-11-1-1 was 11111111 =-1-1-1 h<-\- .~.....,11.-1. .-1,11...1...... 1....11.........1....1..-
1 ~l1'. F" v]"""'**'f<|-"dl *1-_*;'"'>;";1|>j_'k{;
there sh11ul1l11 t have been so |r11t1l1 Hf ll. 111g smne .1111m:1te1l explnstmts 111 the pruper m'_m."_l Hc'T Hl N flf. l Ill fr
but vim shiny (-uni. surfaces and 5 0" cmncxh 1111111 \\l11t 1.111 11 sun 1111.1s|11I1.t 1 1111 11 -
1
1

there's an t1n:1\'ui1lal1le 111i11in1u111. Getting I 1111111111-r /11111. 1;. ,,1/H-,~ \1,,,],',,_\ V/,1, ""'\|'_":
Fill
pmblcms "l
ll'"5'~' lll'~l'l5 W115 ""'~'
in mu mmsrupk. dCPurcm_ I
"\" I'll? "l 11'l11'11
Q-I-_, H-_"R\-7
1I11'\- .1'11:1- I/11' j'11nl111l|'1' 1i.\1u1l.\' in
_1.gr:1|1l1e1l
' Y HM
111-11
""l" mfull
e1l\1r.1t1n11;1l |1l111s
lm l_'l"-
|11r(.h.1rles
tuul-1 almut three months 111 get thnse sltuts This ll\i|1llll)L' .111 .1p11<'ry|1l1:1l tale, hut l :'_h|| "ll l|Wk""l;l?."{|: lls]::"$}l;riF.|l_("T
cnrreetetl. will repeat it :11t\'\\a\'. l llllll l1e:1r1l that the la |r ml '
"5 ' ' W hm "
""Tf"'"l
_

l.1'!'.rlnk1'nn 1z\11n1pl1'11f!l1i.1.S11)'!I11'n peuple :11 l)is11ey'si11 fart. virtttally the ll l.'I.' '*l|l'l\'f'
l'f,>U_
1.1 u shut u_/I an urlur lIu' 1-111'/4/11'! mul
1'11 wlmle sttttlin went 111 see .\"l'.\R \\'.\RS. ml l'm'" '""i "'.'mr"," lr '
srmtv blur r1'j7:-rl1'1111.r spill mtln I1lspruji'l1'. They were plattning 11> tln :1 srieiire l'i1'ti1111 ill "r'll.l."'d"il "_ll'N"|'.;." f:l_ (_""l
Ifan 11111-111-r1'1'l1'1l ru111;mS|'l1'1'1 "ll"/1'. 1I11'r1' film almttt :1 1nile~l1>1\1g sp:1e1'sl1ip that lttlqltl ""5 U "l ' "rm" "5 m P U 5 l ".m"'m'
wuulrl hr 11 Imlr in his 1'l11*1*kI1m11'. I-..\'.'1t'!I\' get surketl intu :1 lilaek hule. The stun is PP m(Li-shot .z..wh l\ml\:"i-"- \-;"'(l.l]"rmls Hi
haw 1/11 _\-1:114 1,111 ulmul 1~l1'1n1'111tl1'n_g lltix? tl1at they 1le1"i1le1l't1> drop 1l1eir_sp:1t'1- 1-pie i):::g"|'|\'_' ''m:_' l"l":iv"'3:r
The mam ttlea was t11.r1_1nmt!: tl1e hhtl when the\ saw .\l.-\R \\.\R.\. ll1e\' were .
- - -
l . . . - .1

spill lrnm the blue srreen. What we tlitl was saying 111 it-:11l1 other, \\'l1er1- tlitl all tltese
make :1 matte which lelt tlte hlue srreelt ptt)plL' 1'un11' from?There's;11g1111g11lpeo- I . ' 0 '
"lnfm If 5ll'T".l"l flrrlil lz
. -
visible l111t masked out all tl1e pesky areas ple out there who did this itttpnssihle stull! llhlnm l'_T_'Hlml_
of l1l11e spill. This eletnent was used with \\'e'\e never I11'11nI of these 1.1111-s!" It's :1 lit- S MS " tinullx _ml.l;.DM::;;lP I'll.
tl1e pltotnm-;|phi(~ maucs U, prim H, .m_k_ dc __riL__ 111.111es. 11111 was resp1>11s1
_..._11 1 e 1111 . t1e
pit exterior. .-\ll 11111 uften, the spill wnultl lt1'!I1 mm zuurk 1'11 /mt1"Ii1'11Il_\' 1'2-wry 1'/l l_l'l".E"":'ll l"l l"ll'_*l"~'[~"l_""'}|"""5
be right 11p a_1;ai11st the e1lge11l'a1111l1jett.i1t _/'11lx .1/1111, I'll I111 _\-nu 11-1'n' 1111111111-rirtg 11/ "'l"\_ "l_ '3 h'll'i -lull) ":.ilhl';; Ill
cuntaet with the l1lue screen :1rea. We had
to go in and create /1n'c1'.1iu11 1'1Ig1'.1, do the
ST.-II1 ll.1lRS 1 r '111'l1 I/1 .1111 11 '
-nul1I1't'1r " "," slll "cm SW" m W I m . l l 5"
1~1111|pl1-111111, r l U J
WOYR Ol ll"- ltlllt ll'1\'1 511 tn speak. ln Dial vuu reatl the .\'1111'111m[ l:'11qu1'r1'r is- , . " I ' ' "
many (11St'. we fnund it neeessary to e0m- whirh inrltttletl an arlirle with 111111~ h\(()'l%l{'\

s11e
Pfvflliill \\'l1Bl'l ll W35 imPl'ilfliC&ll I0 Pm \\'_"\R3'' 1) '_ k f
U"" M
.
menl by George .\lather, uur pr111l11etiu11 " -R 1

_ , mm
duct these previsiun ed1z1's- What we were sttpervisnr? 111- mctttimtetl 1111- l':1e1 111.11 1111 ("UTE [MUS mmq"S' M up .l l"'""
left with in some of tl1e cutnpnsitcs are star 111111111 six weeks. it re:1ll\' luuketl as 1|1<111gl1 -*'Tlh'l l"l lull f W urslllll 5 u.'s'
backgnmnds coming ihmugh rennin Jams wt migh gm H, Mug imul On H, pip and 1:1111ee111r:1le1l111<1s1ly1111 the I)-ath .St'1r
but l don't nutite them \\l1t'I1lSt\ll1l I110 ture! That was late in I976. llanlly ;111\' ml lllghlim s"|"""-.5 I _'.5.4"'rl' Pluusf
'l- l-"CRY ["7 "5 lhi" "105! Ur ll\5'~' 5'1"" shuts were dmte. Millions 11f dollars hzul Cd lhcn skcd w..wmk ml SIAR ARS
am in [hr f;m..s1_ mus dislrucling pans of |m__n Spun and we had snmhing like for two reasons, I-trst. ll1a1l4:1 1111-111 1le_aI_<1f
he mm~ I gm "lEl"Y familial llh llmsc S30-40,000 a week i11 payroll. l'ru1l11eti1111 rcSp.':u my Gc.r-Li, l";'s' hls_mms' ms '"'
cock its! The standards were set ve W' hi K h. '
_]\.lSl \\.1snt' there.
-~ '
.1 (.art vnu mmgntt
' ' . Sl.lR l'~'!!T"Y1 ml l"5 \'|5\ll 5\"5l'- 3'~'l"""l- .l"l"\
. - .
not vnlv by Gwrsv Luws hut by Rub 1311-
lark. Robbie, of Course. rlitln't want any
It'.tRS
cam5\mph(. is
11.11 11.11111/11111111121?
funmsliCa_||,,. mmumic us_
1 11111{11111.11.1.-111 DY".
m11u_s]ol1
'~PP'"?"l ""dl""= "".
by using ettstnm 1111l11str|:1l-ele1-
""""
bad compusims going "UL pen of me who: non, umugh it _as.t truntt" eq111pm11l \\;1S extnqnely eh:1lle11_1;.
What was your working silualiuti like? exaqly plusang 31 111; gm-_ \\'m-king at "lg-H
wtmn | rs; S,-rd um M |LM' which IL was almost like being in 3 soap perm ltnvtnetliately _l'11ll1111'i_11g the 1'11111plt-tinn
l

W35 abclul "inc m"ll\5 an" lhc "B"lZ' with all the trials and tribulations we went "I SIAR w"\R5' cums "*'l l" '"'k m
lion was formed, George Lucas and Gary
Kurtz were nowhere to be seen! They were
through! In retrospect, it makes STAR
WARS all the more remarkable. I tNTt~LRV1t3W BY I'.'\Ul. .\l:*\NDl'lLl.
21
I
CI.OSl'l I-i.\'C()UI\"IIiRS OF TIII-I THIRD
KIND, spending five months with Douglas
'I'rumIiull and Steven Spielberg on the ef-
feets pliotograplty of the .\Iothership se-
quence which ends the film. lle is presently
working on the special effects for the
forthcoming tt-It-vision pilot G=\I.;\(2'lIC.'\
under the supervision of_]ohn I)ykstra._Iini
Ilanforth eagerly awaits his services on
Tl.\lIiC.\'II~'.. where lte will be pliotograplr
mg H ,.qm.m.,. i,.|\.i"g ying rm-k,_.| ,,_.,,_
utilizing perspt-cti\'e pltotngraplty and the
teclmittues pioneered by Iloward and 'lhe-
otlore Lytlecker, soniethint; that Dennis has
always been particularly fond of.
IIUIU Ilflf you gt-I im-nlrwl in 1In- t-_/_'/'1-r1.\'
,,/,,.i.,tmi;/iv 1, ST.-Ilt n'.|1es/
l met _]ohn Dykstra during I974-T,-i
when he was working at Future General for
Dong Trtunliull. .\t the time I was looking
for work there hut nothing was available
for me. I soon heard frotn lint Danfortlt
and liill Taylor that George Lucas was tin
ing STAR \\'.-\R$. They inquired about dz
ing the work and found George sort of
non-responsi\'t'. George had his own way of
operating which just \vas not whatglint and
Bill had in mind. So nothing came of that.
Frottt hearing what they had to say I sort
of got turned off by it. .\ number of other
people had contactetl tl\e offices about do-
ing the effects work and they didn't even
get their calls returned. It seemed like
somewliere off in the middle of nowhere,
George Lucas was going to make this film.
incltiriiiig rho I-t'ftt~i, II;- iIi<|ni set-m trio
opt-ii to|i- tliuuglitsqr 5\|gg1;5tiun,
I later heard that_]ohn Dykstra bad gob
ten the job. I contacted_]ohn and showed
him an educational film I made for Charles
Cahill on the l'niverse. That had about one
hundred twenty outer space shots in it, all
shot in lmni with a liulex. But I didn't
hear from John for about ten months. I
thought that STAR \\';\RS had folded. All
of a sudden I got aeall from him asking me
to go to work, and that was it._]ohn knew I
had been working at Cascade Pictures as an
animator and an effects cameraman. .-\ lot
nf people came around with a reel under
their arm but they never held down a job.
50 .I0l"\ ffll I \\'Il5 fmPl9"l Ind llll I
\\Il5"'l .iii" I0 llukll ""<l'~Y PlL5\"'-~ I
'"""d "P \\'"kl"E Will Richard EIll"I"l
who '35 1\II==\dY Bl lnduslrlal MEI" 3"
Mil =5 Y5! C!5 i\"""1""J"- Rldlilnl
ii \lYY !lll"l'~3llY l'l"ll aml hid I1 Il 1
ll" {dill '~"l" QP l_Il 5IP ml "i"K ll"
ll-"l""' l""C""l"'eI-
T'""1' 0" ll I"! "f )'0"" l"'"P'1 "I
l'""If"- '1""'~f'"m"' 1" "'"f"'l--
The 3'6"!!!" 18 ill IIIM "'"5l""~ ban
3501" 27- I lhlllk ll"
"Me" Pl5" W35
D0" Tl_\""b"ll-_ D"S'5 ll=d- WI"! "5 cus-
mechanical designer for much of the
tomequipmcnt.
70" /""l'!i"'"l1 "1 5"'"/ f""""'"'"'-
Ilow much work r1|'d_vnu actually rlu?
I shnt about half of the effects shots
"I ll"?
ml Pmbblf it M88" P|'C"li\g easy to
backgrounds, which were relatively
shoot. Foregrounds are th'c more difficult
thing. By foregrounds I mean starships and
by backgrounds I mean stars, the Death
Star, and matted paintings.
What was yaur working arrangement
with Richard Edluud?
The way it was set up when lstarted.
I was to shoot backgrounds using our limit-
ed, older Tcchnirama camera, and Richard
. 22
I" 5I\Ul l"lgl'0\1l"~I5 \15l" 01115-lilvm
W115
tilm41T1\- -\5
I"lIl- Il'~XlII'~ I)Yk5l\'ilnX got to
Ill ll'"ll'l f\'Ul\'tll and wefound closerthat the
"\" l""\I>l'~'ll1Y" lliite. we
If'"'.\!|'"\""I~ "'' lilklll "'0 "lufll li1""~Tl\
l"'~' l" $I'l- I ""ll""~"I >':""lI l"~\m'~'['i1
4'
"4"" I" ll"}l"t-IT-1_Pl\ ll"~'" "5"\ lll" mill"
l'1\"'Ti\ 1" "lKIll- 5} ft" 1\I}""l .l"l' "l_""//'5
I '35 5I_l"\ ~"I"l< ill '"$I_"Ai"I Rllilllml
'-'5 _I"ll"'!~'. I" III IN? II"- '35 "I E"!
the ftlnt tlone belore our release date of
HY 29- I'll" l1\"I*l3""'_'~I5 "'"' ""I"~"I ll
\f'l\tul'\'er we could. borne \\'trt Slllil l1l'
I'",R1\I5" "ml I)*l"' B'~"'l'Y-
Ii"I" .\"' "-\'/[""l 1" ').\'l"_1'l'{./l*<\'
trn .\y.\!t:rrt um! tvlty you met! rt |lL\'Itlllf of
1"""*"l!l"'ll /"'l'l"Il'-5'
4\\ llw *1:-rt ->l Ilw l"'_"J"\- 1-P-use l\1-
cas had some very specific ideas about the
l1lT$l\lI' $I\Ul>- II" I1lI 3I'"Il' "Il"I III"
.\'eq\te|\ce using actual black and \vhi_te bat-
tle ftiotage and scenes from other airplane
movies, and what he wanted us to do was
to duplicate each of those shots using X-
wings. Y-wings. or 'I'.l.l".. ships. Our shots
would be cut right into his sequences and
replace the black and white footage as they
were shot. \\'hat he had done was pre-shoot
and preiedit the sequence in a sense a
storyboard on film. Using the black and
white footage as a guide. we knew the shot
length, ship motions, and direction of
travel for each xliul. But how do you do
this duplication? .\Iost of the cuts were be-
tween '10-50 frames long, with these very
specific motions of the ships.
One approach is stop-motion the |no-
dcls can be moved to exact positions be-
tween frames. lint john Dykstra insisted
ilk ships he blurred when traveling fast
just as they were in the old battle footage.
This has always been a problem in stop-
motion; each frame is clearly defined, not
blurred due to speed.
\\ith the help of a half dozen engineers
and electronics men, a camera was built
that is essentially a motori'/.ed horizontal
animation stand, except that it shoots and
runs continuously and is much more flcxi-
hle than any animation stand. The camera
is at the end of a boom arm with eight feet
of vertical travel. The boom arm is on a 40
foot track for horizontal travel. The cam-
era can also pan, tilt, and roll. I-Zach of
these axes or motions is operated by a mo-
tor. By varying the speed of each motor,
with rheostat or joystick as well called it,
a
a camera motion, such as start-
we can vary
ing a boom-up, increasing a camera tilt, and
so forth. The real trick is being able to rc-
member each of these motor moves so that
3""
we could repeat moves exactly. This is
where the computer comes in. lt's not rmf
Iy a computer, but more of a memory sys-
ll" tem for the motors. Richard Edlund and I
woutd regulam me spud and dirccon on
these motors ourselves. We call this pro-
gramming" a shot. It might take one min-
um [O pfqgfarn what Wm hc 3 on.5c0nd
shot, But that one minute gives us time to
follow the hlack and white footage and
move the starships to specific points. The
memory allows us to scc the action again
and again before we shoot it, modifying it
and making it better. Later, we photograph
the shot running continuously through the
motions, shooting at perhaps atwn-second
exposure per frame at f22 for depth of
field. This continuous motion gives the
ships natural blurs on the frame.
These blurs caused enormous problems
v
for the optical department. Rob Blalack
was in charge of the composite work: vet-
an Bil] Rim-lttilt hcipqti st-t him tip, Rub
studied the best techniques of blue screen
in town and saw to it that we wo\tldn't get
matte lilies and all the traditional stuff tltat
seems iuher~-nt in blue screen composite
shots. The) did a great job. Blurred edges
had never been dune before to this extent
in blue screen.
|.;v,_.n mung! he Om bank. mug:
started out as our guide, we followed it
for only half the shots. George and his
wife were constantly reeulting the film to
""", make it better and In-tter, and in doing so,
new or upduwd Shuts} Tn. being uddcd J"
the time.
II0lt' t'Xllt'ff\l ./in you film IfIlIYIiI1ft1lltH
in H. I/uL,j'l-em'_n.l,m,x:,
X/H-/,_\.
It was tip to l{it'I\artl and myself to set
up um miniawru W. would go U, hc Ca
.|\u.,_. u. ships wen. pun om .h;L.\.
ship was L..ssm.y rm. the Sim" plan. il U"
U. ml. Pym hm. in [mm Hf ll. blue
sf"-L-H. and 5-1 up mu c;,_.m in such 3
way that by tilting it at one angle and pm.
grumming ,l~,;";\in XL-5' wc -mitt] cm] up
with 501"-[||i|\g that |m,k,_-1| lit; what [hr
storyboard called for. What tnade the shots
work was setting up this stuff to look as
though the ships were actually flying along
and not that the gamer; was raging tri\\';tt'd
the ship or that a certain motor was stop-
ping at one point and starting at another,
which was exactly what was happening!
ll'a.\' t-rwrytltiiig nmzorizml?
Except for explosion shots, everything
was motorized. There were a few hack
ground shots where the camera was pushed
by hand, but in most of the ship scenes.
everything was on motors. This meant that
the camera would track and the boom arm
would go up and down and perhaps du
eight other motions, each with its own uto-
tor, to produce one ship shot.
There is a pninl I should make regarding
an advantage in using the Dykstraflex"
motion control system in effects camera-
work. Say you were doing a shot the way
the Lydeckcrs did in the Republic serials-
ying a ship down wires and shouting it at
high speed. You'd have a couple of guys on
the lights, a few camera people, two or
three guys rigging the wires, and one guy
checking the ship in case the wires break.
You'd probably have at least twelve people
on that crew. If you suddenly got an inspir-
ation to change the shot somewhat, it
would be a major undertaking. There
would be lots of people on the payroll who
would just have to stop while wires are re-
rigged and the camera is repositioned and
the set is relit and it's really a big deal. But
because the Dykstraex system can be run
literally by one person, it's no big deal to
changc a ;hm_ All it mam; is that you'd
jl $0 Over ll1C Pfvgfam YOU already did
and run the ship from right to left instead
of from loft to right, and possibly repro-
gram two other axes. So the system allows
you to haveavcry relaxed climate in which
to create the shots instead of a hectic one
that often happens with a large crew. It en-
ables you to work in an atmosphere that
generates out of a very tiny crew to do
shots that formerly would have required
the work of a dozen or more people.
Changing camera placement or a lighting
arrangement for a bettcr shot with the
Dykstraflex is a relatively easy matter.
The peel-0/fs were spectacular. How
 were [liry ilmir?
The peeloll was one of the shots l had.
lzicli ship was shut on a separate piece of
film tn lie coinliined later optically. liut
the lI\tI\'\'lI\L'l\lS of earli ship using motors
were dillieuli tn tlo. ,-\ sliiiht inistake in a
speed rliaiige with any nintor would cause
thc ship to jerk luiiny in an unnatural way.
This was a t'onst.int prnlilein. We thought
1 this nut and tried to roine up with some~
thing that was easier than it actually look-
ed. .\lainlt'. the technitpie I employed was
using as tutu of the motors as possihle and
\ cralihing" the camera instead. as we call
it. (Iralihing is inn\'in_i; in on an object at
suth an angle that the ohjeei travels off io-
wards the side ul the lrainc instead of right
tow.iril the cainera. You don't have to ino-
tnri/.c the rainera tn make the ships tt\tl\C
in that way lit-cause the natural motion of
tlte ships as the camera mo\'es in is uuittg to
he the kinil oi "drift" you want. .\lainly l
tried tn a\'t\itl using the rainera pan aitd tilt
inuturs heeaiixe they ratlsetl the inost proh-
ltltlS, and lay erahhing the ctunera l elimi-
nated the need for tlinse inotors which
sinooilied out tlte $l\tl[. For iiisiaiu-e, the
cainera would inove in .iiid the ship wotild
start to roll at a eertain point. lt was also
motorized. The ship would then intwe to
one side and start tn fall away. At the
same tiine, the eaniera lmuin arm would
go up, making it appear as thotigh the ship
was diving dowit. \\'hen you run all these
motions together and photngraplt it. you
get soinethinig tltat Iimkr like a peel-off.
Then it was done three more times for each
ofthe fiitir ships.
Du \lIU Hlll1t1 Hiul in ull lliute peel-uff
.t/ii1_\' uiily one .\'/ll]! warfiltrtwlrit lime?
11
Oh. yes. Within that shot. i'z'er_vtIii'rig
was shot on a diflerent piece of film. So
there were several exposures. each photo-
graphed against tlte blue screen. Each ship
had tn ino\'e dil'ferently, which meant it
had to he on a differeiit program and set
up at a different perspeetive. So we actual-
ly did lour programs on that shut. In addi-
tion. there were two Y-wings in the back-
ground. liaeh one of lliun was shot separ-
ately. With the star l>al'l&gl'<Yl1"lli Y0U'l'l
!i\ll<l"K l>l1\1l $t~\'en separate pieces of film
tn he combined. Then it was up tu the np-
tieal tlepurtineitt to place the proper ships
in int"! "l cllfh "Ill" \\llll"l" llcltlllg 3")
matte lines. You could see the dil'l'ieulty on
tit" Hill lu mill-KL illfk lhill llll lhk l1"l5 We
were lilming over a period ofdays \\'r Hlr
li"\1lli' going lu line up and luult as
llloullll lhc 5llP5 W97" ac-all? lvllvwing
one another.
I\""ll"' imllonam "l'3k "1510 Ely" he
illusion that then: were separate pilots fly-
ing each ship. Thats why l didn't get into
repeating the JRYYIU ship-motion program
four times in the peel-off. The main idea
was to get the feeling ofthe personality of
the pilots. That's where my stop-motion
haekground really helped. For instance,
there was a scene of the ships approaching
the Death Star anti diving down into the
surface. l had two ships ying off to the
left while a third ship ies off more to-
ward the right. 'llii:res a different personal-
ity ying that third ship. I tried to do that
at every opportunity.
ll'iz.t blue .tcrt'eri used t'xclusi't't'ly?
Right. The itlea that john Dykstra and
Richard lidlund had when they got this job
was to set tip the shots in an assembly-line
situation. Since there were so many dil'l'er-
Em! ii/'t'-1-Ix tll"|IViH|!1|Yl l)viiiii't.\1iin'ii tin
ent effects shots. they lelt that only ItY|t'
technique should be used instead ofinixing
in. say. front and rear projeetioii or sodium
screen. .<\slot1!l as
all U the 5l"l5 '97? KW
int: ll ll? ll9"'~' l" Ill-1l W11). \\l' \\\'l"~ .l!"l"!l
to take the time to do the he-'t blue screen
job ever.
Till f"'"I"-ill"! 11" ]l1l1'll'-L I ""M" l
pick upa mn1lvli'ne riiiywlierc.
There were a number of tricks we used
on show that helped nut. ln scenes where
people and esh tones were involvetl, a
great deal of time was spent to eliminate
any matte lines and what we call lilue
spill." blue light that spilled off the screen
onto tlte helmets and laces of the guys in
the cuckpits. Some of the stuff that was
shot in l-lngland had alnt of hliie spill on it.
llad we gone ahead and lelt it without ro-
toseoping, you would've seen througli their
helmets and the sides of tlteir faces. So a
lot of work was done in the rotuscoping
department as well.
.\laii_v of iu tlu nu! Ill1l!' a clear llY|([t'7"
.t!midi'rig of the ])YtIlCl[)ll' nitiolt-erl iii the
blue .\'l'IttYl pmi:t'1s.
Well, you have to be ahle to generate
two pieces of film. One is aperlect silhou-
ette of the object lo he matted. This is us-
ed to black out the background where the
object will be. The second film is of the ol)
ject clearly lit. but against black. Basirally.
this is double-exposed iitto the hlacketl out
area of the background. ln color cinema
tography, one way to do this is to shoot
the foreground object against hltie. The
matte is created by first making a hlark-
and-white positive print with blue light and
hi-packing this with the camera negative
and printing this with rnl light ontoa high
rontrast blacleand-wltite film. The hlue
printing light and the red printing light in
each case render the hlue background elear.
while the positive image of the object is
filled in by the negative, rendering the ob-
ject opaque. Any blue on the foreground
object would he clear and transparent, so
we had tn make sure that none of the ships
had hlue markings and that none of the pi~
I L-i Iiigliiiiig I'll AI I/ii. \| m ll \l I'l|].
lots wore liliie ol any kind, Now, ltl create
a liliii of the l1m-iirniiiid illuiniiiated
;;i;_|i|isi _i /I[|l| It liai kigriuiiid, we inake a Yl|_Q
ulizw iii the inatte whiih \tIllll' out as a
elear shape against lilai k. This is laid ii\'er a
color pti\lti\'L' pi-iiii (ll the tmt-iiniiiiitl oh-
jeei against lilne. The clear area of the
matte allows tlte llflllllllll in of the lnrev
ground object wltile the lilat k matte area
blocks out the lilue si'i't-en. rendering it
lilack. To luring this all togeilier as a rum
/m\i'1i' i-/ml, we hipatk the matte with a
positive print of the h;itk_i_rroiiiidscene and
print this utttu iiiiexposeil lilin. tlten re-
wiitd tlte now partiallv exposeil film, and
nntn it print a l'iiregi'iuiiiil positive print hi-
pat'l;eil with the llCll(.|ll\t of the matte. :\nd
In'Ii'i':-1' ine, none of this is .||\\' easier than
it stuiiids. l'\'e siinplilieil t\'L'l'\'llllllL[ in ex-
pl:iinini.; ii!
(iimlil you i'.\/ilimi //it H\'| ~/ [hr hliiu
P)'[IIll_\'" tlll H/ll~4',| /Ilt'YYl|.ll!_H/|1TI' i/ii/>.r tern
ll1lI|Hl[i'll jnr /ilio/iigrii;iIi_\-_ uiiil hill! I/ii-y
iii:/'/t-r /mm iiii tin/i'iiiir_\' hlllt Im1i'i'./
Ordinarily you would have to light the
hlue brace. The hlue pylon had its own in-
ternal light. lt was actually neon wrapped
with a strong plastic tnaterial and coated
with the exact l|l\lL' pigment of the translu-
cent hlue screen. ln shooting hlue screen. it
is impnrtaiii I4! have as little reil and green
in the blue color as pnssilile. \\'hen you're
dealing with hlue paint. its going to eon-
taininate the red and green layers of the
camera liilm iit addition to the blue. This
eoiitainiiiatiiui increases the ehzutee of
matte lines. You can cut that down a lot
hy h.i\'iiig a liaeklit hluescreeii. In $'l".~\R
WARS, '1; \|t'tl it i|~;||i_<|iii-,_-|it |,;,k|iq mut-
5,_n-r-n iliieh \\';|s the liest we possibly
ftjllltl qt-t, The liltiig pylon lirace transmit
it-tl tlte i'ili'nli't 1|! iiilnr of the hat-king. So
hy elitttiltating the \'ll;|llt'k' of retl and green
contamination, we helped eliminate the
elianre of getting a "glow" or matte line.
Ifltii .\l'It't'Y| t|lllll\'\ /ltlll i'!.\' :Imzt'bu<'!t.t in
the /mil. I1 lllll/\l'.\ vim ziwim/rr tu/i_\' .umn'
ii) Illt i'l'lI'Y'Llll IIn[I\'zunoi[ /i-i'Iiiiii'itiri.t !HI'l'V
n|i'ii/ out n]'1lii'i'r :i'u_\' In iln I/It Itiiiil ufjoli
23

it-illi il lliul iuux (lune on ST.-IR It.-IRS.
Other people could come up with qual-
ity provided that theyre interested enough
to it and have the smarts to know what
.. do
. .
is iieetletl to get that kind ofqtizilily. .\Ian_y
.
people in town who Iiaye been doing this
kind of work for thirty or forty years uc-
re/)1 it as an imperfect technique. What we
Iiad on ST.~\R WARS was a bunch of peo-
ple who were just jumping into it fresh. al-
most like re\'oluti0naries. eager to do the
I M11")
" I " dd'I"on --I lo if 1le
eve H I 0" e.l 11 ll
at-newt |wd\m-n=l--- in \h-w-s1<1-t~-
ade hy Peter Vlalins. Bill Taylor. I-rank
\'anI)er\'eer and others. STAR WARS was
the perfect showcase for blue screen.
II'h\'llirl!Itt'l1Incicrt't'ti/Iroc1'sxln'conic
oliiiitltu in maniniollt prnilitcliott like
xu 11
TIIE (.().\l.\l,-|.\'D.\lIi.\TS rvlticli wit;
'II~J.\'
also S/lu! i'n I'i.rlaI'i'.ii'mi?
The development of mylar film had a
lot tt, du with today; iynpr()\>gmg|][ ht-.
t-;|u,_- it (]o,_~;t 5|"-intt_ Thu-e is aqua]
sltyinkaqg qt tht; lm w-him it i; tit-t-|t,|,;|_~t|
in making the mattes. They nu long,-r fit
the original negative and you can getia hlue
.,r 3 Mack tim :\fuun(| thc mattutt ottjc-t_
Shooting the original negative is one thing;
making mattes on different pieces of film
fm tht; t-.,mpositt- Wm}; is ;mt,t|t,_-t-_ Tttt-re
3" _t,, ,,m,,_\t lltgngt that gt, .,,t_ 5",.-ttting
that Rut; [;l;t|;t<]t pointqtt out tt, nu; ~35
the [F11] bgl\\'g'\_'|\ the two printer It;-.1t|5_ |l'
that lens isn't perfect. you can get rid of a
traveling mattl. line in the center of the
screen hut as git objt-t-t tng\'t: tiver to one
side you can begin to pick it up. .-\riother
thing is that you try not to build up con-
trast in the niattes. You generate all your
mattes off the original negative and make
them all exactly the same size. if possilile.
l and put them back together so that they|l
all lit right into eaclt other. If you keep the
contrast down in the iiiattes. the image
doesn't necessarily increase or shrink. All it
takes is the lIlL(lU do it, quality control}
.iiid the right cttuipment. llill Taylor has
heen doing some incredible blue screen
work at Universal with .~\l \\'hitlock. Some
i of the stuff in Tllli llIXl)El\'BL'R(i was
1
alisolutcly sensational
I I/llllilll lite mus! tlfllllllll t~i.maI in
ST.-IR II'.-IRS teas Ihi mic of Ilic t-mm-m
Ill]:/iiitg /Iuwrt into [hr lrt-tirlt n_/'1ItvI)i~1|tIt
Slur and 1TZl'lll!I_E along on a _rn'nti'tigly i'n-
_/'|'n|'!c mutt-, It tn," wry ,,[,,,ml,;gnti_t to
1ltt>
Slur (late trip in 1001. IlU(LZ|.'USl/l|1Il7|It'
rlonc?
\t't- Sm-t,-tt out by uging Rt.-tn,-.1 t;tt.
lunds shot of the approach down into the
l
ti-tili_ slightly {|bQ\,'L it and lotikittg <10-n
into it. Ile dove the camera down into it.
all this mutitm t-Ont;-0]|tl quipf|"|Q|\[ Hm.
ning at slow speed. lle played the action as
though it was the point of \'i|g\\' from the
ship diving into the trench hut he in fat-t
was only starting it just lnirely I)lllSl!ll' the
trench.
The trench itself was a miiiiatnre almtit
fifty feet long and three feet high. At one
mid of it was a forced perspective painting
which made it look like it went on forever.
So what we had was an 84-frame cut with-
in that trench.
Ilow fl!!! was the ranivm acInull_\' nioi--
ing?
We were probably shooting at the rate
of three inches a second. Anyhow. what
I've described was the rcconrl half of the
shot. The first half of the shot was apaint-
ing by Ralph McQuarrie. When we moved
I 24
on into the painting and it reached a cer-
tain point. what you actually saw was a
plinlugrapli of the _/'ir.i! _/'nznn~ of Richard's
shot. \\'e made a hlow-up of it about seven
|l1CII\'SvSq\IZ.\l'l. placed that on a piece_of
_
inasonite. and the artist extended that with
a painting. That was the cm! [mini on the
first part of the shot. The two were blend
ed together by lining up relative moves.
Richard shot his part of the shot first. sol
had to match mine to look as though it
was moviii R in the same direction as his.
'h=i= = ~11 was mi-w fr--m -me SI-~1-t~u~-
other, all the actions would ow. It was
very difficult to shoot. .~\ laser flash was in-
serted which blended the two cuts togeth-
t~'r~ ll Y9" ll"->li ll ll"! 5l\0\ closely. you
Ylllhl I-7'-' I-Iblf-' 1" 59 "Ill" llllllllcnl-(L I '35
really pleased with that one and it seems to
he the shot that Iias gotten the biggest re-
5P0" se -
The laser nvonl flqlil wax also ri iuonllcr.
ll lnokcll loo real In be an anininlum nm'r-
ln_\'tl al2nn.t! .tl'l'1lllII to glow like ticmi
lnhing.
In tflect - it was essentially
liulli. It was-
n't tubing with light, though. They were
actually holding simulated swords made
out of front projection material. A light
source near the camera shining onto the
front projection material hopefully would
Iiounee back brightly. Ilowever, it didn't
quite work. So what George Iiad to do was
Pu! K!" overlay of the glow on lop of that
through rotoscoping. That's how they got
the different colors. I think the main thing
yo\i're seeing is the overlay. A diffusion
effect was created by shooting the overlay
through a fog filter.
ll'!tul was llll main /HlIl)li7Yl it-illi Ming
Hu'j'rnn! /1ro]'cct|'mi nmtcriul itt-onl.r alum?
It looked too solid, I think. George l.u-
cats wanted soinetlting more like energy.
something that you wouldn't want to get
close to. The image was so bright it was
flaring the lens out. Perhaps if they had
more time to work on it they could haye
gotten the desired effect riglit away. but
the entire show was pretty much compro-
niised because of the time factor.
How rnncli conlticl tlitl ynu limit with
("1""_?"L|!l-I
(lnfe I Started shooting ships. l saw him
a lot. lle'd come up with the shots
he
wanted and work out a schedule with _]oli|i
Dykstra and production supervisor George
.\Iather. George Lucas would tell me the
feelings he wanted out of the shots and I'd
tell him what l wanted out of tlieni. and
he'd win t. was very
But seriousl\It (ieorve
' ~ -
good on tltat. :\ll we really did on STAR
I.ucas' \'ision on
W-\RS w'1! s to P ut Georve
l-.
film. It was his movie; he wanted energy
-
anlI s)eed out of most of the shots. lle
' I
wasn't going to have matte lines or stuff
that was as boring to look at as .\I.-\ROON-
F-ll
ll loukrrl like :'t'er_v other xlml was
cff|'c!.r sliul.
There were 360 composite effects shots
made from I000 separate elements. some-
thing on that order. Most of these 1000 eI-
ements we photographed in five months.
,-Inntltrr sltol lU"ll'_t lu Y1IlYl(l. I! looked
like n cluslcr of zvliilc slur: Imrxling into a
nebula.
That was done with streak photography,
by increasing the amount of streaked dis-
tance per frame. l originally did it asa test
and they liked it and used the tcst! It was-
n't done on the Dykstraflex but on the scc-
Tnp: Jud cf/I-its l'lJ"lt!lIIY|l1IlDl'Il!llS.\l|!tYl lulu":
" /"L"'f_"""" ""flI"* "" ."' """'_5"" ""i"-'
''."' 11"" """""!,'_ " """'/""' """"'_""' "l."""'
" f" "'" *""-"_"~.' k"ll"_'
int." "Q"'f".'_"_
""4
',')"f'
an [mini In mm 4.1.1.1. in. .t_/..t "1
"Eh"-"_, "H H. m,]m.. um ,1|._~n.,l' _".Q"",.,.,-1.
and 1".-r t~,,,.~;iilly .-it-Ii.-1! mm\~ 1/it-/min! inh In
lllllllt Ill! him-im light nmm- to .rIinii~ tlimugli.
Ilolluml .~tH l'"I""i"l 7'~/-kl lllll-'1 flllfki H"
-\'-H'_""L' If-\ I'll "'11!/1' I" '11-!'~\'_ !l'_1' llvrllll 5!
"f1""' """"' "-7 """ """""" ""1" "' " """' "".""
_"'l""""1"_'l" /'I"'!"l"~I'l":d -<-If-"AM-l_\' flu"!
H",/1"
3' 1/t.~\ hlllt "'\i'\''I ."d-~m"bi'd l-II-M1,?
no rhip t1||t|I41I|Ht'S
cm rtrt':'1t pmi.-tr.
,,i...,..,,...,...<i. 1-..-
t4'|'l|1l\'gyn|!ft|g41t'litn|n]IIti'S11-IRl\Q-|RIm!tIt
.Il|'1||.t iii llll i'IIu.o'nn i'n'r|!t'!l by I/It "lI!lt'Illtlll! of
l/tr rt-mnilv l)ykrrnii~.\; t'umi'm llllll l/II i'ngtwiii-
II\'n]Ili-~s1.i_q.~t,mii-rtmiih,
ondary mineral. I had a I4-foot track on it
and the memory system could repeat
moves~-I Teclinically it was something simi-
lar to t ie slit-scan process.
The .\'1v,'2-nmlion cluzrs Sl'l[ll(Iltt wax a
t|icv.i|lr]1ri.n'. Ilow rllll Ilia! idea |'t'olr't'.7
I heard that George was going to do
some additional shooting for the Caiitina
sequence. to shoot some more masks. Sol
spoke to Phil Tippett and Jon Berg and
said that maybe they could make a presen-
tation of some bizarre costumes and l
could take it to George. They made up a
few great sculptures ahoiit 6 inches high.
George loved them antl said. Hey. there's
another sequence in this film that you guys
don't know about that involves a chess set.
\\'hy don't you make tip a hunch of alien
creatures and we'll put them on the chess
hoard?" So it worked out both ways. l'hil
and Jon got to do some stop-motion and
with Rick Baker got the job to do additio|i-
al masks for the Cantina. I also photo-
graphed the chess sequence.
I nolicezl I'il1'r li1l1'nsIiuw'.r sun in llir
crnli'Ix (Ellerixliuw Sr. zcus (1 l!llII'1lIlf.tlI1l
I)i.nn-_v'.i). Dir! /tr rlu ll of /he 7YIlllll'f)l1iYIl-
ingx?
lie did some. Ralph lacQuarri did the
rest.
ntallc painl-
llax the Iiuin inn 'lt'nu'nl a
ing!
No. it was freeze-frame of the rm! sun
a
lI)"hl""-'Yl"l5l"l
lluru tlitl you like ST.-IR lI'.~IR.\'7
lo\'ed it. George has made soiiiethitig
I
superior to everytliing else thats ever been
done in this genre. Imagine. a classic fan-
tasy-adventure film coming out in I977
that's more creative and imaginative and
popular than anything the major studios
could turn out in 60 years of trying! We all
feel honored to have worked on it. Really.
.\'u!lii'ng sccnii intpo.rsilzlc anyniure in
ln1lny'.i l'l.tll|1I lf]i'c!.r llcc/tnulug_\'. {Hill lltal
.w't'nt: lu incliult /n'rjccli'mi. D0 _\-on xcc
I/tr nllimalt eff1'cI.r_/'i'lnt?
ST.-IR IV.-IRS as
don't think any film Iias reached that
I
P"l"l- 5'l:\R WARS ll is in thetoworks. 1
don't know how thats going be but
an
theres a lot of stuff that we wanted to do
in this one which we couldn't get into it. I
think STAR \\'.-\RS could have looked
more documeiitary-like. more as though
you were traveling in a spaceship flying hy
looking at these things. I think it could
have looked even sharper and more realis-
tic. You sliould've seen people in the cock-
pits. more lens ares from the sun. more
shots of the ships flying past the twin suns.
stuff that we just couldn't get into. I'm
hoping that it might happen on the nex-t
one
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\\\

[ think it would bc 3 Inigulkc {Q
think of STAR WARS as um ui_
in d=~= =t~c~-
would unjustly (lty the Cff0|'l.5 Of
- M
Past special cffccts workers "'5 ht
ultimate space film. ._R
.l1't\l)C.
be t Bl. Ck
0 r 3 when essentially everytliing was worked
.-\ lot of the opticals were pushed through.
There are about ten shots that l feel work
really well, and a lot of them have to do
with or happen around the Death Star,
when the ships are coming in, when you
first see them over the l)eatli Star. A cou-
plc of these are optically perfect from my
point of view. l'm completely satisfied
with those.
lflinl niakes you cringe iulien you see ii?
l think some of the shots of tltc pilots
don't work too well, probably about 20%
of them. when they're in the trench.'l'here
are matte pt'0l)lCmS. There are some of the
opticals that. when l look at them, l would
not want to have kept in. l'(l have to look
at the lm to point them out. Overall. I'm
very satisfied with how the optical effects
lllfnl Out. given the difficulties we had to
surmount.
"Ill," U, S, a Mm, Hm, amumla "m_
1"]"bfl'fl. 1" HWY! will 1'4 "l1'l'1|-"II 11/
P'l "f ml i""1.E' 59 "11 Y1"! C41" ~ll'
""E'l '1' Why 4095 H"-5 IIIIPPPYI?
ll Y0" \l"'0ugl\~-'6 hilll (hill Pl'0l1-
56
lvm ocCasi0nally~we call it blue spill."
and other people call it wrap:ir0\md."
This csscmialh, is whcre ghg object you're
phumgmphing again the btuc strut,"
picks up, usually through reection if it's
got a shiny part on its surface, the blue
screen and reects it intu the camera lens.
So when you look at your daily, you've got
Y\" "l'_l9L'l- Y"\1'\"~ Kl" l/"1" hlul-' 5l"lkt-I1.
correctly exposed, and you've got a patch
r lllllfl Pt-Yhilpi Yiglll in ll\l' millilltt Of the
object. lf it's in the middle of the object.
wrcts m, pmhkm we simply hand mm_
scope it nut. lf you don't hand rntoscupe
it, then that blue reflection is in the middle
of the object and prints the backgrountl
jun mu. u. hlue scream
Iluw tliil you l'lIfl1fIltlt'I[)fll?
\\'e avnidecl it by moving the object
tlier away from the screen when we eotlltl.
ll a qilcstinii of lmw far a\\'=iy from the
screen you can get your object. The further
Y1?" C1!" RI-'\ 3'0"? SCYEUI lmm Khf l1l1j<<l
the better tiff you are. like 20 Ur 39 l'<"~l-
"1 l""l RH Ill"in 5?""\' ilmulll Of \rl<l-
ats and cut tln\\i\ on
tinn. \\'etl bring
"19 i\"">ll"1 of 561""-I1 \\'l' W"? llii $0 \\'l
did" hay" 3 lm "f ll"'~' "ill" 5Pllll"K 0"!"
the object. .-\nd whcti that llitll\'\ \\'l1ll~
'"l um ll 9"" 1 ""5 imilnillln" l"harI-
"'9'" ml l"' "'57" ll" 11 l\3"ll3"lm11lll
m'\'5- The? lid -1 1" "l il"5?- lwlilluil "3
ulway-;|\~.,iL| bluu pi|]_
;-m,||t||\t
Tl" m5l Pl)l'~m'l'5 lllul will l5 'h'~'"
your screen is lileetling into theUL-Mc edge of
you, ,,|,j|_ 11.5,, you in. n, ht
Cdgc of u. object M ma p,,im_ we had
(1|n(- |\()\ with amt,-5 which hm] gpill tm
u}; hclml-_ 1; would comc right umund
1| j] of |||,_- 1-|m1_ '[h,_-1-,3 -35 no (|,;[i;_
tion point there, so the animators had to
rotoscope the edge of the lielniet.
Ilow lung tlitl il lake In ctniiplrlr 1/It
oplfeal rfferls?
lt took roughly twetity-two months to
finisli them. And that includes all the pre-
.
30
T
paration time. lt took its six nionthsjust to ease, the ship didn't actually explode. lt
git the macliiiliery ltigCtllLr.!ll took us pm was ;. m;,t\.| ;q,|n;i.,|._
H :v:;;s::..'::':z:;.::*t:.1.;:::42-*::1::::;:iIi
nating what the stage was doing and mi
..::.:"t:;:;:":.::1::;::*:.:Y;::.:::::.:"::;:-
the left-hand wingmang the e< ilosiilii of
whm.wc were (hing was hm. [Mus um. the left-haiid win nah and twoisets oflas-
-!. ffeiheiits ' The K-l'LIiLll
pmdu('m' we Tm the
ed hen we s.mp.pcdthe
at our best. _\ et iii last three months, |. gin eight
ersthats r f.|
sup "L? Sui n G lmk U H
out, very refined, the shots that we did at and my l.)l.S' "_ Tm .rugh.c"li '
that point were maybe only 40% of the fiii- $_".lm.m' Hm lasers cw lmn.u-d m H"
al show, so the reinziiiiing lillZl- don't rt'pre- f".l_0i l""_' u.'.d [ht Sm iv lmnu-ll [mm
. high ml H .'c dd P. W '"h.' "f
sent our best efforts.
The t'fji't"I.t tuere ht-|'n_g tllH||' in l'mi h""'m ml, lm""'s ""lu""'d M "_l"" ll" ll"
I
.Vu_v.t. aml I'll lire nrliun ti-as mn.tI!_\' ln'i'ng W c"'lf"~"*'~ ll"'"' 1|" ll"*"'
irony!" mm" [M ':'ih f my "in": Nut
xliu! in Engluml. ll't'rr lItt'\' Iiritig IlIlIl!' t-un-
currenllv? 5""c "l'5 M -in [hem i" wrk' lm
i
[Ur the MUS mi (fr "W '.rs' and ve
We were starting into production while
_lmf'l {|'l"_
they were shooting iii 'l'tinisi:i. \\e hatljiist 38] l_""T":S_ "F4 1
u',L-_S
U g';":i;"v M Y? unnlmuaf
finished asseinliling the stage eqiiipinent _'
'l:"m5_ l_F '31 lP_". ':'is' It
and the optical equipment antl they were
lming in Tunisia siiiiiiltaiieously. We were ii _"?ll_' _"mll.ii 's.~?|'|" lg if
'.s_!l
working on tleli\'trll1_t!_ some front projt:c- lmnui ' "if ,L_fm_''ll I ."L_', l ._ K lm,-
tioii plates to he \lSttl iii liiigland iii .-\pril i:ms'_l'i_]' _ |lr''_'_"_l"_g:'i_l: iqllisyu
i976. "r_5 kv in _u I _rf i 2' T.ml'c
if." ':'_?_( l_" L\;,"_"l"{s Ln
l lm_gl..ml
ll'ns lIll'T(' u emitmmtt't'n!ioii.r pmlilrm? IL?
Tl
There: always a comtnunications proh- l_l:" mi _."l.'_ _ _"'.l_l|":'m 4 I
?)Y"|u1{,_;:-K) J: .m".|'' I _sl yim _"
lem in film with a large group of people,
partictilarlv technical people. There eonltl Fm ' H U m_ . VHS Hg W um m'm?m
have been inore communit';ition in tenns of I. PM J pnilm "W manc (WU hm "l.m'
hm dwv "UM". in Englmuh Th sure, then print the second eleiiient, which
quires a lot of l(itnl'iUY1t'lfl on the part of m Ills ms. wmlm hc mc.sl"p ml 5 tx-
pl"d"g' P lmi ii l"-W'fi mane .m'"
the technicians and the tlireetor to coin-
municate. 'l'hat's a very rare thing to tlo in [hm nil mu lmm the ':xpl"sm' puumg 3
the midst of all your protliictioii prtibleins. luillmiuvfl. mu? U ml). or mm nu lye
Ilutu t!!7.\'1'1\' ;I|'1!l.nt'n.t it-urk with vim? Pm ' mi l""S S Mi the mic" slnlils
c.m "Y mm C
lie would see the finished optiezils. l'tl m bliik' umixlmscd
next print the trench lit-hind all three ul
present them it, him cvcn. .,.,.k
or Cw.
,,\hL.,, week and tn. "iliqm. hL.m_ L,-d these. cti\'eriirg that with another protec-
accept certain ones and ht-tl ttirii hack oth- "V" '"l'_" _'|ih "_l"d"'5 !' 5h'l5 "ml he
ers. .\ly role was largely to finish work that "c"ih' "5 uuuws is in lnilm hc Sm and
other people hatl tltlllt as realistically as ll'_ l5'~"5' -'\ "_-1"" '5 "~"l"~"l l"_ll hi"
'|d -i"'*'5 l""ll '_ln']"'fl 'mgm_'
possible. It was fairly ciit-and-dried in
terms of what Lnras gave inc as feetlliat'k. ""1" nmny ~q'""""'i Hr." '.lw'
lle either liketl it or he tlitln'|. .-\ few shots H '35 mly mt K"r"' I d 5373'
I fr) "I W Slims VCR me gc'mi'u
had optical reiuleriiigs and there was some hm
Y"-'""l' I." R. "u's W "i'"l)5"ul
etiiiiiiiunicatitiii there, biil what l did was them at eight perf and rethiced thein to
largcly u"_mu|_driu|_
(Inn l('t' lulu the .\/Ill! of Ihirili l'mIt-r.\' rm" .l'rr. 5"? T smnul Mn 3 l;l'i"
ship mill I.l.I:. figlilrr t'lI!Il/IlU|f!IlI.\ rmiriug i'~ilT 5' T cw Mr. m gm Hum. m
tluimi [hr IhwlliH]-""m_[ Slur In-ucli um! tlrlnil ilt" Hui-nil" try a1'' immg cp:m.m.'n5
generatioii. then printing
;\:t1\l'ltll)t' llilllf
'SIry in ("MK /In-H-"2,
The elements of that shot were. working ":.\-Ii;mli. W slit. "mu. hf'}r'/ .
fur> from the liack forwards: l) the stars. which I .6, i-'-IR..'f_5i'i';"_'..l __ '.:I""";".7"'
_'
J1"
Ii Iv 1; inlgh If/_-i m ti/~/_'./'\j' m ml
were shot on one piece of film. 'llie\' rt-pre-
sentetl the ttintimt of the trench shut. the ' " i"'|' {'7 f"",",'f_"""~/"f |~
I iujk it- _m_d< R t rut. U:
t\tI\L'l1t pulling down the trenrh. The caiii- -l
era has a zooin motion to it as it niu\'es l Hlilu "!:"|l,m_Pi ||'\_ruiS_' Hi
down the tretieh. atitl the stars rel'lt'ct every H :\.ii|l _f|il,n.|i, Stu tlhn, ti-lihirh. M-..P|1.s
motion the eainera iiiakes except the Ski-mil rt -"fl-ll H r|f Ti p.r.uu.l.i[
-/.tmiii; 2) and Il) the trencli plus its matte, ""1", it "(LES H i In Ii ii H ' Tl ililifur
which wasn't shot hhie scret-ii. 'l'hat was m;~. g Pm l fms um. ll)nQiu.s'
shot tltitililepttss. l'ht'\' shot the trench lit i," us,:"i~ |lm'r:.r1S(,-i f'f'\l_..d.
|mi~ PH. ;
the way they wantetl. then they floodetl xp|1%mm'[ mi it Kn, <.". In J~sJ
it with '\\'l\ilt'ill|ll\l so there were esseiitiiillv Pr? l U. U mmhmm 3" i' kc 1' lmmmg
very few sliadtiws. and shot it again with ship 5" ilwnifini. ms iiillcwirlcs 0r cf-
us i|".". mil dull 'ih' I inns "I
the. same program to iiizike its niatte. We
Md H, mal'_ H) hold "W Sm Um; 4) qiiaiitity it has ll lo! ol optirals, trztvellintg
l)artli Vader aiitl his riqht-h.intl M.
\\'i|1t!ltt;|Ii, '"" "'""-1.5 .".d |'l\'.Fr"ic" dials h
2,.
-[tit-11 is (,1 me ,,,,,_. "hm
up has _Iot ol tliffienlt ll\l|\l;Ii\ll'l' pliotoq_ra-
a_
pliy. lhat s the ltykstyrat-x c;unera, wlnrli
Thu). .,_.r,. U mu. Pic. Ur m,,,_ -|-imsk. hm
ships Tn, sh", Mm, "(__": 5) H, .i_ is what l woultl say is one of the umque
man (m u. |,.n_|,;m,| Sim. Wt," ,.xP1m|L. M leatiires. the ranier.t platform antl the fat't
that it was ilvllllill systt-in for_the eanicra.
3 ,_.L.rm;" p,,im_ "L. was Sh," 0 ;"m,|.r
pic,-1. of mm with Mm. |m,.ki"u_ G) ml 7) lhal. and _us|ii_tg an optiral printer. atitl a
ll"
l"l".t! 1\"~Y)'"
the lasers that llaii Solo sliuot-s. 'l'ht-re are ll_' lf'k'\l "l'l"'1"'ll
_h"ll- lihi """"Y 'lf{'5 ll
"""_l'lm'i|k
two series of lasers. One set went iii front 1'
of the lt'ft-hand wingnixin, and one set went "_!l i"'|'"""'"_'"l- ill" ll l'"" Y "'5 Ill "l"
_'4"'~'- Y"" "5 l'"'!4l'"|'"4 \\'l1l|'5 l'('~" tl""'-
lieliiiitl the ship; R) the final eleiiient is the
explosion of the left-hand winginaii.wliich
is inattt-tl on top of the Ship itself. in this
" l"~ l-L '5 u "ll"1"'~' -l* lm-
maylic. I
Y
. tht: Iiiggvst _t;russt:r u\-ur. lt>ssiIiIy thuy
c of ttnttsvttsv. First. Lurtts is rt-|ttirtt'<I as
@ ttscd. $u"t>tttI, that I only ;tt't fur Inn. I
,, . I'tn very rich zts I n\\'n ;t t*lt;titt t>II(;\'|||I\;tI-
IIIIII III: IIIII II _IIcc UIIIII
LIICII5
IJC pl'l)CC$SC(I ;\l\(I mlaltcized. IIIIIBI
Ruing stone intcnriew was 3 kn of
nonscnsc Lncas is rcponcd as Saving
lhm he kncw voice wuldnal be
. stttgc Inr ;t Irtrnd s Rulls I{ttyrt- ;ttttI \\'l\u
I lllollghl I \\()l|I(I
llSL'(I. IN? C2lIIl'(I
I0 loop IIIE (IIlI0g\|t.II
I Invt playing tnnnstcrs, says Dttvc
Pruwsc, \\'Itn was itt\crvit:\\*cd in Vol '3 Nu ~I
ahuut Itis rnlc ;ts the tnmtstcr in |I:ttntnvr's
FR.\NK|.;\tg'|"|.;|N AND nu; _QxS'|*|;R
FROM III'lI.I.. Irn\\'st: also pI;t\'t:1I the tnutt-
Sm. in ||;"nmcr-S earlier HQRROR 0|:
I-'R.~\.\'Rl~lNSTl-LIN. IIt>rn in ttmmt in 1934,
pmwsc ,_.m,m.l| ll: ml. of Brmsh ||L.u._
wcigm L-dug Chumpilm n, "Wu, years
running l962_1964_ and rirul umk_R_ut_
L The "omrimy uf K. Tigmm-mm mic
led to work in tho Iilm Intsincss, wltcrc his
muscled 6 fttnt 7 inch frame was used fur :1
variv:IY III Itcttvies. Prnwsc IBIS wurkctl with
director Stanley Ixubrtck.
- -
and ]llSl cntnpIt:t-
~ -
ed scenes for direcwr Russ \|cyL_r in u mm
abm |],_. |;,ilish ],k_wrk gn,up' the svx
p;5m|_
,/lm. I/I-,1 ya K H, Pa "J-nun" I,-mI_
"1-H s'I~__|R HRS?
Gcmge Lums gm in much Wm my
gum jug twfnn, Chrisumls 1975 and I mm
him uftcr tltc lt<tIid;t\'. Ile told mu ;t hit
abuul u. Sm. ml "M-[,_.n.d ml. .m"_.r U.
ch E\\);1Lt-
I . .1
PII H Ur lhc IJ'TIII
.t Yullt-r I i;\n_|
asked him ll, lm-[cK_"u_ h,m,n H, N,
clr.tr:tctcrs. apart from the fact that they
wen: in custutnc Irtnn Itt:.1d to Itml, and
hr: said that um \\'Zl 1lI0\';|I)Il' tcdtly-lic;tr
type and the other \\;ts thv \'iII:tin. Itt my
experience 1-wrytittc n'tm~mI1cr.s the villztin.
and Darth \':|th:r s<ntmIt:d nu to ;t 'I'. Lucas
rcnlizvtl I could lmld my mm with pc'up|t'
like .~\le< Gttinnvss. so I didn't lt:t\*:- to do
any tests.
Ihtvx t'1 Izuthrr yutt lhul _\'uttr t'ut'n-
want '1 ttstvl in IIt1'j't'rtaI_/'t'Int?
Yes, it dues. I \\-us cutttv:ntt'1I that _Iamcs
Ilarl ]nnus' voivv was used. In:r:tttst' I was
-
I playing thv: villztin. :\llhuugh I was ztwart
that my \\t-st Country urn-tttul \'nit"r:
\\'uuItIn't I21: ttsud zts it is, (it-orgc tnltl mu
INTERVIEW tn
MIKE (IIIILDS S: AL.-\l\' JONES
Mike Cltiltls and :\I1\I\_](111LS arc I.uttdnn-
basctl currt-spontlcttts and rcgulttr cttntriIt-
uturs.
Uuttr Pmwsr sun: his Dnrllt I'n1Ivr Itrlvnrt It-illt
Alva Guittttcxs !n'lu't't'n takrx of Iltt't'r Inn! sword-
ghl rm lltr I)-nth Slur.
that it wmtld he pmccsststl and tm't:tIliil-
ctl. Iiurly on itt the tnztkintg uII thv Iihn nu
unv. I um ~ "It.tt I) nrttI \'".tt Irr\"
' I An) no.1 \\-l'
hntnttn, rnlml ur cwn why Itv \\-tts in the:
\.t s .t'
musk. I thtntght I wnttltl Ill r;tIlt'd in tn
Iuup the 1II;lIt>t,'\lL', Intl |n'rIt;t|ts for lA'\>lI~
nttty rvttsmts I \\';tsn't. as at thttl sntgr ttu
nnr rcztlizvtl thv Iilttt wuttld tttrtt out In In
ctntIdn't ittstiI\' lln: t'\]n:t\s't' t>Ist'tnIInt1Inr
mv
'I'It.1t RnlIit!,\' Slmtv inlt'r\'it~\\- \\';ts ;t lut
satyittg that In: knc\\' tn) \'nirc \\'uttltIn't ltc
dtin't. I'tn \'t'rys1'rin>tts;tlmttt it.TItird, lIl;tl
tttt\s!! I'm not rich. I n\\'|l unr qytn ztnd ;tn
intt'rt'st in ;tn cxcrrisv t'uttsttIt;tttt'y itt II;tr-
mds. u Ittrgcl tIc|_tnrttttI'ttt Stun in I.tttttIun.
and thttt ts tt. I m sttrv th.tt starry \\';ts <'tr-
cttI;ttt'd In-c;ttt4st' I_s\\';t|:]n-II my rztr ttt tttll
Ill tlid I htttnp intu thc Iirst dzty I dr<n't- it
IJIII (Il'<"\lI'- (IIITY KIIIII KHHI IIIl' R"/I1'".L'
sluttt itttcr\'ivwt'r what must It;t\-c jtttttpctl
I"\tttt'lttsintts.
III III. IIIIIIII IIIIIIII III-III IIIIII"II"II'
IIIIIII I IIIIIIIII H II" IIIIII II"~'' I'I"lI'I I1" "III" I'"III' II'"' III'~'
It was \-t'\fY IIII' IIIII IIII\l$It's \\'t'rt' l|\lIII'
IIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII II k';llI.;I" IIIII III IIIIIIII III
tn]! HI \\'IIII'II I \\'"Y\' I""I' I1\l'I'I$ "I "1""-I5
'~"' I"""" I'" f I""II" ='!.' '" =\'""i-'1\~" \~I1i'"h I Ihiltk is :- win t>I=m-
I"I"llI<$. OIII HI \\'IIlI'I1 \\'-I5 I'~II II III III"
vntl. .-\t'Itrs\ tny Itt';tII tttrttrd ttnntnd ttt tltu
tnztsk \_\-nltuut ll mm'tntz. so they tntddtltl tt
tntl with ltntnt rttI>I>_v:r. Itt tltt"s\\'nrtlItt1Itt
I IIIIIIIII IIIIIII II" II IIrI.IIII III II IIIIIII III I IIIIII
II IIIIIIIA IIIII IICIIIIIII IIII II IIIIIIIIIII' IIIIIIIIIII
IIIII III? IIIIIIII IIIII IIIJIIIIII III I.I IIIIIIIIIIIIII' I
ruuldtt t st-1' tvn Ivrt nt Irunt nl ntu.
ll./rt yuu I-I! tn ttturl lllllllll I/tt' \:t'nrr/-
_
_/IA II-
II"-I I4II0\\' IIII I"~I'I1II L'III'I'I 5I'<'T\I-\'.
hut thu |)I"(II)I('III nuts they ltrnkc. Yutt ltttd
tu In: cztrclttl nut tovhit thc twn swurtls |u-
gt-tltt-r ztnd clttsh. \\v: I'UIlUZITSllI fur thrvv
ttnd L'\'t.I] ltcI't>rt' thc ItI_tnh;ttI sl:trtt_d
\\1'vI>;.s_
sltuuttttg .-\lv:<" tttnl I \\lt'.rt- Iirtrlvd zthtntt tt
It
III IIIII "IIIIIIIIII-IIIIIIII.IIII' IIIIII I IIIII IIIIIIIIIYIII
Ihv srvstttt Itu:t\tsm' It duvstt t luuk an ;tII Itlw
II was t"Itorcngr;t|tIicd. I kttm"kt'd 4\l"t.
tng .t\ um st.tgt'. In tltt' sustw \\'Itvr1' I slrtkc
. _.
'
"I
him his rlttthvss tvcrc nn ;t win" Immu that
rnllztpsctl tlll itttpttct.
II 41.4- mu I It I tr -It/ It'll Lu"tn x _t,,t-
lltvlmrl?
1 "-~t' \'nu willt
I IIL\('l' rrnlly h.ttI nntrh itt tltr \\'.ty ul-
tIirt't"tiun. In ;tIl tny pztrts I rztn stty lllill, cs
ct-pt IIIOSU Iur tlirvrtur 'lt'r1'm't' I"'isIt1'r. Lu-
nts tnltl nu" In Inc tnyst-ll utt(t I was in tltv
suit, sit I Ill('l|I\l' :ts villztitnnts .ts I pussiltly
nnthl Th;tt's \\-lt\' I think I"t;tttIu'|tstvitt
tttmtcs .trt~ .tpprn.nItt'<I \\tuttuI\. I\tr\-
Imdy Ittts this K.trluI'I' Iixzttiun ttII thc I!H|I\-
.stcr's Itttn|>1'rint; t;n'tttI<'tt1'ss. Intt th;tt's tu-
lttlly \\-rotng. 'I'ltt~ ;t\ttIicnt'n' sltttttltl Irv rc-
Iit'\'m'd when thu Iilm is nvcr tlt;tt lltry
\\'un't tn<'t't Itim itt ct tI.trk :tII<'y\\'.ty. IIt'
slmultl In' as nztsty zts pussililt-. I wurkt-tI
tm Iht: Ilttrth \';t<Itr \\':tlk. I wztntcd pt'u|ih:
to rtttt lwhind tnv Inf i~I'I't-rt.
II'/ml ttlmttl I/rt irqtrrl?
I \'t' It1"t'n ttskctl tn do IIIC nvxt l\\'t>. l-t>r-
tttttzttrly Iur tttr. l):tr|It \.ttIt-r has In-rf_tttt\'
thc must ntt'tnnr:tItlt* rh1tt.tt't|:r tn tltc ltlttt.
IIt"s the cult I'it;\trt'. I uvl tltv tnnst cxlt;t-
ttrdittttry ttntuunt n|' I';tn tnttil. I uut r.tthvr
tntIt(f|l((I wltrtt I \\~;tstt'l ittvitrnl ull tht"
pnltlirity tuttr itt tltc $t;ttt's .ttnI t|_tt-y tIt't"ss~
'~"I I"~'"IIl' III 4'3 II"~' "IIIII?'I\'I5- II II"'' "J"
Iilnt. .\Iy tnthlirity tttrcnt tltinks it \\'1>nhI I)l'
-I -I""I II"II II I "~'"I I" III" $IIII"5 'IIY5'*'III
ttndvr the It;\l\llt'r Durtlt \':tdcr Ittvttdvs
I've In't.tt in thc Intsittuss Iur III yours ttt>\\-
mm. hi. am. ".'_.m}. mm..' ml mm. lim
tn-g!,,n!|\g in I-lit-k. I \\-rtttltl hv zt Imtl Ito! lu
m|5!|i,||-,_ U u_ | um m J |,;| m-,;,u;mm!
I5""" III"!II -1- II II III -"" "W
II"'~
II""II"' III/""I""'I I" II II"-I "/I ]I"'II"'.\'
',-/,,,_\-_ )3, "H"; [,'),,- ,[,,|',,q 1/,,-m,
1
\ I-5_ I-|,u~|;|1]y) 351],-,,],| l||k(- yluul wk-
,
so tttttt"It_'ttttt.'rt'_.st tn ttcttt ;t_n< tnr. :t_i\:;tys
scu lhv ltltns I ttt tttvt)l\'t'd tn. I Inn hI=\R
\\';\RS. It's Izrml Iilytttt all nwr ;t_t;;tin. I.tt-
(~35 m;It~ ;| film | I-an mgr my kig A, -j|h_
mtt trytnt; tu :trr:tn_\;t- st~p:tr;tt<' sltmvtttgs us
nirist til my ltlnts arc |lInttsh| X-r;tt_|.'d.
\\tth Int; strc1'tt ztntl I)<tII>y suttml tltc Itlnt
IIIII IIIII'IIIIIIIIIIi' IIIIII IIIIIIII II IIIIIIII IIIIII.I' TIIC
Inst titnv was ztl tltv :\fl\llLllI\ Itlrn I-cstival
\vhv:n' it was only 3:'itnm ttttd Hut suttnd,
and I ft-II ;|IC('|], I
-0' Ifa; (I
I
/ I, .. .
I
 I _

_WV$__v_
_

_
 5TE\/E|\l SPIELBERG Interviewed by Robert Villard
This w.1s lhe year nf l'.'\R \\'.\RS 11- Mn-,-,mm 1,, 1|"; |m.1-mlmu-m P,,[i,-y 111;1||y :1 l)is11ey 1r11e-life ;11l\'e|1111r1' 1111 the
\\';1s11'1 11'. (Ie1'l;1i11ly I977 will he remem- nf 1l1e film .\s
1es1i1111n1\' 111 1l1e 1111-
111111. I-\l1Yl\1fl'1|l"!l
her1:1l fur (leurge l.111;1s' f:1s1-p111"e1l f:1111:1sy preee1le111e1l see11ri1y 111e;1s11res-i1np1>se1l 11p- .\fler lhe ST.-\R :1-\RS pl1e_11111n1'v11111.
spe1'l.11"11l;1r, I111! llie l11111;~:11\':1i1e1l release 11f nu (}|_()]-; |-;f\(f()["\"[']-'_R' gpi-||,\-m -;,_<_ lhere was 11 1e11_1le11ey lur 11111111 |o11r11.1l1s1s
5l"' Sl'l"ll"'r.\Z'5 513 |"l"l"" PH) "l*'l"'l' himself, 1le11ie1l e111r:11\e1' 111 1l1e sl111111i1I1: 111- I11 IR Cl<05l'1 l-XCQUN H"-R5 l" "5 5l"~'
f4""-Y l"'*'\ll"ll""" (ll-(Ali l'lNC()\'<\" r;11iu11 1m one 1:1-1'z1sin11 when he f.|ile1l 11> [*"'' l_'r"llK"'s$l'r' ml l"-*5 l'_"'l-ii
TER5 (H: Tl'_- Illlllkl) Klxu "WY l"5Pl' |mul11ee 1l1e req11ire1l Seeuriiy (lle;1r.1m'e ""'- l_'l"ll'_"r!4 "'.llh"5""l' CLOSL ]'\-
11111 only 1111- same lype of pup11I;1r phe11- |$;|11,;q (>l()liv|_l'<R5 fl!" jll ill" k'">\l_|"l -I Yfi" l""
111111-111111 11>" $lZ\R \\'.'\R$ \'11i0yv1l. il may '/'im1- 111111 .\w=1-1:111-1-I1 hmh .||lpr1.|1'l\l'1l !'"'\' 5l~\R -'\R-* '-'5 ''""l~ " '*"
1111- pr1|\'1 .1 s1'ie111ifi1' 1~1m1-
111.111-$1 i11 1111- 1111- Q11151-1 1-'.x(:11ux'1'1-;11s 111'1i11- fur 111. .1115 >'l"\\'" "HI" ll? \\1'Y1_= ll '15 "''r
munily 111explore;1111lres11l\'e 1l1e11ges-1>l1l i|;I|_- H,-r
;,,ri,_-5 ,,n 11"; [;[m_ _"| 1",), really :1 rare. ()f rourse. (.1-urge [l.u1':1s|
1|11es1i1u1 of Ul"()sigl11i11_1;s1l1rnugl1u11l the |,|-1-|ik,i,," nugim. Tn. mun. mm." ;1111l l .1re fr11'111ls .1111l we were lmlll 11w;1re
wurl1l. 11-I11-11 [hey s1ip11l;11e1l :1 111-1-1| fur 11111-.1111-11 llI:|l one 11f1>11r lwn films l1;11l 11>r11111e11111
The lung, l;1lmri1ms, ;1111lexpe|\si\'1l1irll\ Iuehi111l~1lIe-sce|1es 111111 _~;p1~1'i.1l e1'fe1'1s slills lirsl. .\1 one pninl. we were e1>111i111;1111l in
of Spin-ll>erq's film has l1ee11 1-x1e11si\'1'ly

e;'.f"!\l'
1|,i||\|;|r;11e 1l1epmp11se1l.11-1i1'l1-s. Spring (ieurge was going 111 p11ll lurk
.1111l
1:l1r<111i1"le1l i11 1he press. S'l'.\R W.-\RS Iri- ll1i|11;11ely, press pr1~\'i1~\\-s uf 1l11- fi11ish- f1>r(Ihris1111;1s. .-\111l then we |111s|1edhuek 111

et
|""P|\-l"llY '~'|"l'1'.1l'~'<l $llmiI1gly from 1111 e1l film were s1;11_;e1l in f\'11\'e|nl>er in lmlh (Il1ris1m:1s. (Ze1ar_1ge 1'.11111' 11111 in Spring. S11,
where 'll\u\l1.[l\ l'111 sure l.\11';1s wm1l1l 1lis- 1,1111 .\11g1'les 11111l New York, full11we1l by really. lmlh films wen |11;11le i111lepe111l1-111
ex1r.1\';1g;1111 press 1"1>11|'ere111"1-s \\l\l('lI in- nf 11111 .111111h1'r .1111l 1l1e nnly 1'1>111p11ri11g
eee elu1le1l_ as p;1r1i1'ip;1111s, 11111 nnly \\-ri1er/1li- 1|1_11 11-1-111 1111 (l\lri|11_1 pr111|1|([i1;|\ 11-;|5
/"/'~' -\'"|I/l "H" I'"l "" II _'/"11/'"l' /'l'l""/"' r1-emr $11-\e11 Spiellnerq, .\li'
l>111 pn11l1|1'ers (I1-urge .1111l one ;111111l1er
l 1'u111p|:1i11i1\g 111
,l""|"I:I"Ih"'I{":: 1"h11el 11|11l_|11li;1 ll1illip_ (flll-LS'l'lN(i.'l'.\l ;1l>m11 wl1.11 .1 lI1'I1'/1 i1 is 1nsl1u111 special ef-
I/h mnuil WILL hf hm mIh'm." lm l)Rl\'l;R). slurs .\le|1n1l;1 111111111 1l$()lT\l) 11-eis .11\1l huw we're never gnilig 11> 1l1> 11
mu, mm [M_\-M, A-/,1-II,",u|,m,;,-"m,,.,. ,\ l-'()k (ll.()l{\'). Terri Curr (()ll_ (JUDY ;1111l .11;.1111f '
1'n11l1r [I1-u;_'Im Iv11mh11ll n'1uI!1 in 11 m-11 I|1;,_'I1 \'Ol.\'( I-R.-\XKl~l.\'Sl'l-Ll\')..1n1lfour-ye.1r (I1>1nme111i|1g fnrlher 1111 (Il.()Sl'I l'l.\'-
mr1/-.-11'11lr//.1"I1. (Zuffey, (I1)l'\"l'l-.RS'
1>l1l el1.1r1ner C1111 1*11111p11ser ]11h11 rel;11in|1sl1ip \\'llll ST.-\R

.~l/111:1. I'h- (.I.lI.\I-. I-.,\'(_l)l'.\'I'i.If.\i/m111w11rv- \\'1lli.1ms U.\\\'. S l.\l{

WARS), sp1'1'i;1l 1'l'~ \\_\RS, S1111-l|u'r1; 111111-ll, .-\ I111 11f peuple
111.1: 1--"1;-1-111 I-I/In l1'1ll111v'1\ 11- Ill. I? '1 fin". feels 1'111|r1li1\;1111rl)1>11ql.1s'l'r11|11l111|l l'llNll: 1.111 111 llll-, l)l'.l-.l
1l1i11ki111; 1l1ey were sev.-1
.\'1.1.;..1.. 1111/1,, 1... 1:11//.11, /MI--r -\I~'1-~11 .\ s1*.\(:1-. 11m'ss1-.\', .s'11.1.x'1' R1'NXlN(i) 1111 _|.\\\'s 11. (Fur n1n\'i1' is 11, 111.1111 1111111
I!11I!r/-1, 1117111111 s1-1,11 _\/mlln'r1.', 1111M/'l""" ;1111l l'l-() ;1111l11|ril\' llr. _l- .\lle11 ll\'111-k, \'e;1rs llilfereni frnm Sl'.\R \\'.\R.\'. ()11e11f
i"'"' ""l' I'""'' /""'l"'
7 77. T7 wit; " \\r11len
'l".
11'1" /"UL 1u1l1ur 11f 'I'I11~
.y11Ir1qu1r\. 1'!-'l) ihe "
11;. um! .11/m1.,m.,
RUM I-Mm
.111, //1 /_ ,1 11. /.~, 4/'/1.4.. 111 .
I~
" \~/11-r1'1':111-' I \'11',-11113
' ' ' .
1-111'u11r'1'i11' 1l ' I"
~ ~ ""-~
w.1s 1h;11 11111 uf
'""-I-lllll
I
1l11-
I ' I "

hn-\'1e1\'
()||\'iu1|sly, 1l11' (I].()Sl'. lz.\'(I()l'.\"l'l,Rb resp1>111~_s |'r1|m (he ;1111|i1-111-1.-, 1|11|1- 20 (~11-11
111111p.111y was .1s 11111-res1e1l i|1 11:11r1i111; 1111' 1'1m1p.1re1l i1 11> the 1111>\'ie. I1 1li1l|1'1 111"<'11r
p1111' lh.11 l.111vr 1"11111e111i111 In he e111l1\|si- press llpull 1l1e film's r1-le.1se .1 i1 \\;1s in 111 1l11~ ulllers. S11 l'111 e111'n11ru1;e1l 1h111
;1s1i1".1ll1' e111hr.11'11| lay the 111e1li.| .1s .1 511* s1u11ew;1|li11g" lhe press 1l111'i111; 1hr lil111's (Il.()Sl-. l*..\'(I()l'.\"l'l-.RS is :1 1'n111p|elely or-
11111l (I11ni111; fur 1l1e N1 .\I1-ss.1111'/l".1111'rl-1in- 1li|'fi1'11l1 11es1.|lin|l periml. .\111' l1.1111;11\'1r" igi1\.|l IlIn\'i1' will s1.11\1l 1111 ils 1>1\~11 for
1l1.11
1111'"! l'llH1~(lll()5l'- l--\C()l'N'l'l'-R5 0|" 1\e1;;11i\'e ;111i1111les \\'1111l1l musl ||rnp1-rly he ye.1rs. _|11li.1 [ll1illips| has .1lw.1ys referred
lllli llllkl) Kl-U. 1'" lllv Hlhvr ll-mil. .1ime1l .11 1l1e fil|l\YH1II1'|V\ ;1111l 11111 1111 film 111 S'l',\R \\'.\RS .1s 1h1- Ines! 1r.1iler (Il.()$l-L
l1.11| 111 \'irl11:1lly keep 1|1e press .1wz1' with :1 ilself \\'l1i1'l1 seems eerr.1i11 In he 11 hlu1k- li,\'(I()l7N'l'l-.R.\' pussihly l1;1\'e."
e1111l1l
1111111 fur 11111rc 1h.111 l\\'0"_l'1ll'. 11ml -HI :1f lmsler 1>l' in1"re1lil1le ])r11|Inrli1l1ls', .1111! 1le- [.111-.1s n-111-111111 (IL()Sl EN(Z()UZ\I-
111
ter111.11h ul 1_l1.11 "s1le111'e 1s 1l11"_111;1rke1lly
h1|sl1l1' re.11'111u1 111 m;111' |1>nr11:ll1>'l5 In ilk
sen-1'1llysn. 'l'l-.RS.' lle re.1lly flipped 11111. l \\';1sl111ppy
1.\ I111 nf press people were 1lis1r1-sse1l by lnr 1l1:11." .\'piell>er_1; lu';1111e1l.
flllll I\<\\\' Ill-ll ll ll-Ii '>|ll'm'1l- lhe 'I'1'm1- seuup re\iew wl\i1l1 .1ppe;1re1l in Spiellierq \\'.1s prep.1ri11g _|.-\\\'S .11\1l e1li1-
N1-wsp.1p1~r ;1111l |n.11;.1/.i11e\\'ri1ers ;1r1m|11l 1he \11\'e111l1er 71h issue, luefnrr 1l1e press i111; Sl'G.-\Rl..-\.\'lJ l'..\l'Rl-.55 when he
1l1e 1'111111lr1' f11u1gl11 frnillessly 1l1m11Qlu>\1l preview. lr111|111"er _]11li;1 Phillips .11l:1111.1n1ly wmle 1l1e firs! .15 p:11_ges 11f his scrip! for
fil111i111; ;1111l 1l1e ex1ensi\'v pusl-prn1l\11"1i1|11 1|e11ie1l ;111y e1|ll11xim1 wi1l1 'I'1'm1'.;1|11l.\'piel (Il.()Sli F..'\'C()['.\"l'l~lRS. "ll spranig from
of (Il.()Sl'. l~'..\'C()l.N'l'liRS 11> exlrzlrl any hen; expl.1i11e1l 1h;11 l"r;111k Rieh s11111el1uw I11-1111; e11riu11s .1h1|111 1l1e s1.1rs:1111lsp;11"e lr;1-
lhimg l1e\'m11l llie1'11111p1111y-iss11e1lp11|1|i("i1y 14111 wi111l nf the lop-seere1 'l'ex.1s s11e.1l-4 pre- \'el .1111l \1'.1111i1111 111
1,11-1 uff
1l1e pl;111e1 .1|11l
r1-le.1s1-s. .\'11u11e1\'.1s;1llm\'e1lu11 1l1e sel. .\'11 view .1111l flew
1l1er1', kihl111u.i111; .111 11|1s11s~ h:1\'i111; .151-111i~1111l1;1ppy1'l1il1ll11|1>1l11111l ln1>k-
i1\1enie\\-s were permillenl wilh eilher 1":1s1 pe1"1i111; g1-111lem;1n 0111 of his pre-;1rr;111ge1l ing fur es1'11pe," was his 1'xpl:111111i1m. l
11r crew me111hers wlm, in f:1s"1, si1;11e1l \\-ri1- lirkel by inf11rmi11_1; him 1l1e sneak was 11e- lu\'1- sei1'11ce fl(llu|1 I1111 l 111-\'er in1en1le1l

Interviewed by Dan Scapperotti, page 36

[ll] GLA5 TR LL 33

"Of u|| "W k-"5 of [|m5a(| nf U]-(_)
.pnn' mu. Hf "Wm an. hos-|._ ln
. oiiiiatioii .\t t. I ro_|ttt Illiitliotik \\ as ilt-
my hunni I walnul "Ur I.nc0"cr I
l1l|N'31u'fl|l- . .
'5'\i'~'n SI"'~'|bcrg
this movie to Iie a \ti'(1't'r. I wanted this
film tospeaka kiiidof spt-t'iil;iti\'e reality."
Spielberg aektiowletlgetl that \\'lllIt)\lI
the incretlilile stireess of his previoiis film.
_].\\\'S. (Il.()Sl-l l"..\'(I()l'N'l'l',RS would still
lie a treatment gathering dust in his files. I
wtiiiltl have hail to wait iiiitil I hail a smash,
heeaiise I think llollywtiotl was very rltiseil
"ff H, mi, kimt Hf J pi.-um-_ |,.-,.-;m5,_- -1;
enee fiction tIoesii't inake any money.
I 'l'lit-re have only lieeti really four or five
lireaktlimiigli fihiis. and dozens. lI1.l\Ilt'
hiintlretls. that didn't Iireak through, I
tliiiik I-'()RBII)l)I-LN ll..\.\I~'.'I'. l)I-.S'I'IN.\-
'|'|()y y|()()y_ 3t)t|1_ $'|j\R \\'.\R mt
\\"\R (ii:
'||||', \\'()R1_1)5 m_,.tt- |]'|()|]l-y amt
most of the oiliers did not. .\Iy feeling was
Hi -.,1.| m;,t;.- ;| |,i.-mm likv this 5mm-.
1 film? I really know very little .|I)tI\lI special
day. hm | "l....|...| _]_\'5 or n.i\;"g tit.
_]_\' U _,i|,,v 5,,mC.,m- H, my ~||.n. mkr
SIN million. go liiake a ino\'ie!'
n as U, in. ...",_|| ;m.U1.m,_.m .,fm,u.|
U]-() ;,mi,.,rg- |)r_ 1|-m.k_ 5pkt||,,_.|.g Ex,
p|;|im..|_ --UL ttynck mu. day -as Siuing
aroitiitl antl iiieketl tip the iiewspaper and
reatl alioiit a inovie eompatiy iti Ilollywoutl
Sim: his ml (11105-1.; |.;_\~C()L-_\--l-HRS
'|"|||-1 |"|||R|) K]_\'|)_ and |- -nm_- "W J
kind of Y-,,,,I,V\. h."..'.!
'1-ha P|"_|_. was
-.,;m..| in his |,.,.,k_ 1/,,- 1']-'1) ]<__\-,,.~r,',-H.-,~_
'fi\;||'5 |,(,- ~,_- fir mu
|,\- "m|1"
|).,c gvil-1|,-rg |,;m,_-if |,c|].-\-.-
_ heing nioiiittiretl liy extrtiterrestritilsll |tn
not |iersoii.illy ruin-itit-ed until I h;|\~t- a
UI<'() experience myself. l'ni eoiwitieetl
that stiinetltiiig's going on that's liafing
PL.,l,|.. 1|" ,.,. Ii. -.,r|.|_ _\|| | mink '5
worth millions of seieiitifit" tlollars to trv to
fintl out what the hell's going tin. lint -I've
.ilw.iys Iieen of that pliilosopliy that I'-
Qm mh;.(.Um._(m_m.hufun. | ml sign
\._"_" \.,".__w
' '
I
I
I .l
paper. I Iielieve the gtweriitiieiit is t'o\'ering
'.::;t(iietlt_iii_g tip. Ilee';iiis_e- of this Freetlpiii (if
t"Ia.ssifietI. I don't know how many prireless
. (II.\ tlonitiieiits that really either t'(tItfl|lI\
or ilisprtwe lI-Us lia\'eti't lit-en afl'et"tetl liy
the I-ieetlotii of Inforiiiatioii .\t't. Iimmy
(Zarter. whether or not you know this. hatl
Invi Ill-'() expt-rietit'i-s four or five years
ago. (hie of his eamptiigii promises was that
he was going to get to the liottom of the
lI"() tlilemiiia in this rouiitry. antl I'm still
waiting for him to pay off on that one!"
Special effects wi/.ard lloiiglas 'l'rumlitill
Yer) ltearly went iiiiasked for his etiormntis
eoiitriliiititins whieh pretloiniitate the tla/./.-
ling last forty niiniiies of (Il.()SI-'. I"..\'-
(IUI'.\"I'I".I{S. ".\lioiit a year liefure Doug
ralne onto the film," Spiell>ll'\l recalled.
"the seript was lieitig written antl I was sit-
ling down with a sketch artist nametl
George _]eiiseii trying to put down these
iinpossil>lt- ideas on paper iii color and the
next iirtililem was, how _tlo I put this on
effects. I know a lot more now than I did
three or four years ago! lint then I really
only knew the .-\ll(Is of spet'i.il efltrts_.i_tiil
I didn't know that miieli alitntt realizing
them. I went to Ilnug reliirtantly lIt"(-tlI>C
I lelt Doug wniiltlnt watit to do this. lle
has heen tlireetitig aiitI he liatl other pro-
,l'~l"5-n
()1:
.
Iiritmliiill, of eoiirse. was 'lllILl'L'Slltl.
One of my very strong feeIings_ aliotit
_\\_'orking on (II.()Sl'l I-..'C()L'.\"Il-.I{." saitl
Iriimhull. was that hieveii was really set
on hreaking some new grtiiintl and trying
T ;m- to ptit onto filtii images or illitsions that I
felt were of interest to me. I li.itl an op|iur-
tunity to work on ST.-\R \\".\R.\' and rej_eet-
etl that Iieeause it was, in my UIIIIHIIIII.
more of the same from \\'l\t'l't"I was rtitniiig
frotii. I had spent .i lot of time shooting
5I1'5lllI5 1"l Pl-""'I5 -ml ml-" ml I "5 '1\Y~ 5" "1 I'1\"l'<'~"l '""l*11,l!51"1l Kt" "l" "I
|\l_l\l'Y lilttell with it. I think that (Il.():$l".
I-..\(I()ll\ll'.R.A was a iitiique opporttitiity
tti do sometliing new. antl it alsn_fttlt'<l
with a lot of projects I was working on
aiiyway with Tlhnni f|lm._"
Spiellierg. who is erethtetl iii the film for
"\'isiial I-lfferts (Iuiit'epts." explained his
lialf~solitI. Iialf-transpareiit exeriition of the
spacecraft: I wanted to do that lieeausel
fee] that it's inure than just nuts and Iiolts.
That there's someiliing ptissilily inter-di-
inensional aliout tlietii. l'eupIe who have
Ill-U experiences don't desrrilie rivets and
liiilkheatls. 'l'hey don't tlesrrilie the huttnin
inoving this way atid the top tnoviiig that
way. They really lI('SlTil)t' sutttethiiig :la::-
ling. sort of acetylene hright lights. uti
some sort of a solid striieture. antl they
ean't see I)ll'I\\lt' the lights are so hright."
(Ititicerttiiig the tlaz/.liiig" red light tIis-
reriialile on the hark of the alieti ship.
Spielberg laitglietl. "That was the little retl
flag in the Iiaek of a triiek when the two-
Iiy-fours hang otit too far. That was iust
part of freaking out one day antl saying,
Give that siieker a Inf! lt'_gltI!"'
.-\t one point. Spiellierg was riiniored to
have aliaiitloiied his footage of the .-\liens.
That was very early that I thought aliutit
tnayhe not sliowiiig ;itiytliing." he statetl.
I liwed 1101)]. hut Iwanted to we stime-
thing at that point. I wanted Stanley to I
wanted something to mu!t'rt'tili:t'. .-\nd I
eoiildti't twoitl. after this experieiiee.show-
ing soniethitig. It was a dilemma for a
couple of months. I really didn't knuw
T
what I was going to do with the extrater-
restritil. 5_o I fiiitilly took a deep Iireath and
ditl what is there.
IIe went tliroitgli alitiitt IO designs he-
fore arriving at the final yersiun. They
sort of e\'ol\*ed. I.ike from preta-human tti
Iiiiinannid -went the whole traiisitioii. .~\l-
ways short. though. One thing that I was
intending in that seqitetiee was to show
that there was a very strong and workahle P
mixing of the raees from wherever they
t'a|ne from."
\'ilmos Zsiginnntl (l)liI.l\'IiR.-\NCll.
I*lXlRliSS)
()I<I5I-'.SSl()N. SU(I.~\Rl..-\I\'I) H
receivetl eretlit as tlireetor ofpliotograpliy.
litit five other top eiiieinatograpliers also -
had their names appended to the protItie- '
tion eredits. . .herause l kept shouting
-
ilie iiiovie!" Spielherg explained. "I kept
adding stt'ttt'. Ilill |l"raker| wasn't avail-
aIileaiitI_]tihii.\lotizowas,'l'hen_]nIin.tou.
said he wasn't twailahle. antl |I.asz|ii| Ru-
vars was. Kt)\';\l'S tlitl a hit of stuff in the
crazy httttse. .'\l\tl _|ohii did a few piek-tip
shots tif (.ary. :\I\lI they all work alike! It s
strange they all have a similar style. which
is why I hired tlient. I'i.\'l't:|iI ftir Fraker.
who I iliitik was miteli different. Ile has a
harder key light. . .it's much tiitire Fairn-
pean. They all ltioketl at tlte film antl they
liatl to mateh. Ihey looked at the scenes
eotnittg after and heftire. heftire they shot
i"lYll'"\i!._ so tl\'~Y '5""l1l m\5l' ll": mm
with the liglitiiig.
'_Ilioiigh SpieIherg's titie en<"ouiiter"
while on ltieatioii proved to he a tretnen-
tlous let-tlowii when II turned out to he an
Iiclio satellite. he did have one story to tell
ahoiit something extraordiiiary that he
vlirln I see. \\'hile working in_lt-fferson. Tex-
as, lie iiiikiiowingly (ItL'(l(t(I iiitti ti reputed-
ly haunted hotel!
I kept seeing things out of the CHYIICI
of my eye! liveryotie else felt the saine
there in almut leii iiiinutesl lla\'e you ever
stotitl there atitl you think you_see some-
thing. aiitl you turn aiitl theres nothing
there. \\elI. that was happening every three
or four seetmtls and it was freaking me
out in the hotel. It was midnight antl there
was iioliotly in the hotel hut me antl two
prothietioii people, antl we all felt this
Iltirig. .-\t mitliiiglit we went hack to the
ear. we apologi/.etI \\'e're not going in
stay. The tiearest Ilolitlay lnii is l:'i miles
away. We get in the ear. \\'e start the engine
antl the ignition is tlead! 'l'he eiigine wuii't
startl So we had to wake stiineliotly up at
the gas station antl he liot-wired the ear for
its antl we got out of there!"
I-raiieois lriifftiiit. the famous I'reiieh
new wa\'e" tlireetor. surprisingly tirreptetl
a role (written especially for him Iiy Spiel-
berg) as a scientist tletliratetl to get tn the
liottoiii of the UFO mystery in (Il.()SI-L
l.\'(I()I'N'I'I-IRS. "I was itttimidatetl hy
him. quite frankly." Spielherg reealletl.
IIere's l"raiit'ois Trtiffaut rtiniiing arotiiitl
\\'yoinin_g. antl I wanted to talk ahout all of
his old films and he wanted to talk ahtiul
the part! IIe was pretty tniteli the one who
drew from me the eourage iti turn amiintl
and tlireet him.
"()ne of the iitterestittg things he did the
first day l t'oiiltlti't tpiite get my point
aeross to Iiiin iii English, nor through his
French translator, antl so he asked tiie to
stantl right next to the lens liehintl the
eaitiera antl he would wateli my face. and I
would play this and he would imitate every
 _
Spit-Iln-rg'\ [H'!Ia'l1II|'1|I t'l|tllII!|It'V. Lt-/1: 'I'i-rlmi?
tlillli u! lit.-_IJ|':v'Ik 7'~ii:.-rltrmling ZH!ti"!!t1lfil/ill
""_' TU "#1-'~i"~=1\ 1'"-' " "'_' "
"7"I I" H": "'Ifl""'" "I D"''.II""."'_I"I'M",
r//--<1.\. km/1/. Lu.-mh. (!'nHhlI|_\ Int//-nu)
ug;m,,_\ "Inn"-W '_"m_ I|_mmI Hm", H
Upm mm, H, ,/H./H. \,,,,;,,.,_/H-[,_
I:n'i.|l muvv. .\lllI the nuxt tliiy whrn Is.iw
tln: tI.tily I YL'.|II7.l'\I that Ium rm urlnrl"
II, '""'"
Spit'lI!t'f_t1 sztitl 'I'r\|II.ntt mzulr nu cuin-
mcnt .ts tu the tIil'l1'rt'iiu-s in =\mcrit'.|n
IilntItt;|l\itt_|_( Inim thv I".ttrnpc.m IIICIIIULIS.
. .lntt I run tcll yuu tl;.|t in llIt' timc it
lnnk Inc to ntzikr this mu\'it'. 'Iru|'I:iut
wmtv: it nnvcl. two scrct-i\pl.iys, rut Ll Iilm
and shut at mu\'it-1"
In (II.()SI~l I~IY\'(I()IT.'\"I'I-LRS, u|\t' im|mr-
tzmt st'qttt'|1t"t' l|I;t' plzicc in IIHIIRI. Spic]-
In-rg has ht-vn rlizillcttgctl us tn thc signiIi~
c;tnt"c of that sct|ttt-in-<'. whirh he st.tunt'ltly
tIt'ft'mls: Fur mc. thu sct|\tc|n"t- was thu
first tnujnr vluv to thv sky tmtcs."I'lt1- pt'u-
plv: thcrc \\'t'r\' murh innrc rt'c1-|iti\'t' uml
OP"_mimh.d_ in ll. Budhisl m._ H, M,
cc-pt StltlIllIlIt1 thvy In-.ir<I at |iigIittln.-so
fivv: ttutt-s;imI it got thc 1-ntirc |nyst<'ri-
uusu suh-plnt prnjcct tiff tlu.-grnnntl. I Ivlt
that in Intlin thc pcnplc zirc clnscr tn thr
czirlh .1|\tIv:;itIt utltcruml thcsky. untl Ijust
Iclt it would ht :1 Int mun pruliulilv tn (In
it in II'ItII;I lhzin tn (In it suint-wlicrc in 'I1';|
neck, .\lc\\'_]i:rst-y.
Sltuultl snmcthing likc this uccttr," ht
|:nipIt;|si'u:tl, thv:rt' will hu mu liakc mc tu
is
' your I1':ttIcr.' It's going tn bu tnuch I]1tIl'('
cuinplirutuil than tliut. It's going tn In: ;i
conibinatimi of tt-It-putliy ;|n(Inn1c sort if
:1 utiivcrsul laiitguugc, which is ntzitlwtniitics
' or music."
Qucstinnctl ZIS tn thr l'L'SLII\I)I;|l'|Ct til thu
Dr\'iI's Tower muuntiiin, iisvtl ZIS 2| key to
the UFO mystury in CLOSE IiNC_()UI_\-
TI:RS' I" KI"III"5 IIIIIIIII-I5 mIIIIIII' I"
20III' SIIIYIIIIIIII PI"I*'5I"I- II '*I5IIlI IIIIII'
IIQIIIII I iIII- A5 1'_ IIIIIIIU "I III? III III
sixth day of shouting zit the I)c\*ils 'Iuwcr
III wY"IIIIg- I '35 WIIIIIIIH II" III" 5"" I"
gu down and I suddenly saw thc mountain
(Ir;|pv.-tl inut liqht .tmI I .lI[I, Uh, (Butt, I
mt,_~y \\-hq's gning tu strp up ;nuI .tsk Hit
th.tt qllvstiun \\IIt'l'I this mu\'it- t'untt's <\ttl'
It .\\.t.\"n't intc|ttiun.il. 'I'h1' $l'I'l'tl\])I-l\' lIl"
sc_r|Iii-tl .i mnnntinn not .i S[)t'llII(' tnu\ttI-
.
nun tn my first ilnift. But I in-i-ilt-<1 .t |lI.Il't:
Iur the lI1tI\'lt'IU\\'lIl(I\Ip_>tl I t'ltt|st' ntll nl
.tll tltc wcstvrn slzitcs, \\\'uniinq. I ilun't
kltnw why. .-\|uI thrn ll|It|', when I \\'.is nut
tltcrr with IIIt'lUt'.IIItIIIII1.lI\.lQl'f,_]()t'()II.Il'
\\LIS tryint; tn liintl .tn vyc-pti|ipiii|_g Itinttiutt
Inr tho nmunt;tin synihnl. It |||st
pvttul that thv lwsl ruck Iurm.|tiun, thv
must unusuul \'isu.iIly_ w.|s thr I)v:\'il's'I'<1w-
cr in \\'ytnt\i|t_t;."
.'\t this vntl nl' (II.()SI-. I'.X(Z()IL\"l IlRS.
it is impliul th.tt m;in\' tli.s;tp|u'.trt-1|" |n~n~
|IIl lIIl'<'\ItIHI\II III-\'l"I'}' \\'l''- Ill I-ll'l. l<\I<l'"
-llnl-IHI lhv l'I"() .nuI Irn/.v:n" in link
I-\"RIi1I I'lYII-IHII fur inn"). "It's l*.inst\-i|t's
IIIl'"I'I'- I'\II_ IIIl'"'.-_*' II"IIII"\l III
I" II"I\'I- "III-II \\'II>
-lg!-1'15! l_l-" ~\III\'I_III'I.1!
5"" "I "IY IIII1l.\lIII_-'II"II- "I "IY l'IIII"'*IIIIY-
III"I"~' IIIIIII I'II'IIIIII.\I I "'"I I '"\IIII "Is"
hkr tn st't' wh.it ltzippclis \\'hcn thr 112-ycur
"Ill llthrl knurks un tltr tltmr, JIHI hts \'l1II'
II"'II iII"} .\!"'" II_II\I III}I' II-'_" _I*"I~\' -III\I
III'~'" I4II5 IIi"~' .I\II$v IIIYII I5 III! \\'II-II
II1IIII"~'I"I IIII \I<'I I\-lIII- \\'II\'II II"~I' *'1lIII_"
IIIIVII IIIIII I\I""'I'_I "II III" I"'"' RIIIII II"~"'
\\'I"5 II-III I'l"III1I"II'\I-
III5 "IF II"P'~ III-ll I{il'II-"KI III'lYI_\lS$
would In: rvlurttctl. .\Iy Itnpc is tlnit t'\'t'ry-
0111 \\'l>llIlI IR !''l\lTIll\I Willi llllflllll I<IH'\\'-
I<?I.'~ Ii\I III" I" 5II III II"! KIl'I1l'Il'IIl\): \'I1-l"\-
bcr with lhv lut|nIrctIpt'uplc \vlmc.itttc out
and just listen In (hunt cntuittg Llnwtl Irmn
the cxpuricitw! I wmiltl |u\'t' to sprtul .in
hour with thcm, zmtl I'm surc Drcyfuss
would conic iluwn in ;| Icw ytuirs .uuI ht~'Il
spltml an lmur with snmclmily. zmtl ht-ll he
tlchricfctl and ht-'ll go hack looking Iur [his
wile] Runnitz." Spit-llu-r2; |i;iusctl_.i|itI tltfn
I,I'"I' II he 5 5m' I'_II II I I"r""l
IIPCT "*""" I Io m'""' IIIIIIIIICS
IcI':u"ns_I'f' CLOSE ENCoUNYI:IiRS
Cilm tu tls present Iurm, the must with-ly
IWIIFII "I 'III*'II '35 III" '~II'"PPI"t-1
III<'
Walt Disney tune, I\hcn You \\'ish Upon
su hut
.\ St.ir" .is tlu- rlnsinq nntsir, Suys Spitl
twm; --h W .|H"u\.d A||~.r H. Pl.l_\,i,, Ur
tt..- rim. in 1>..t1...\. \\1- 1'.-1| tho mutt-_ ..1,
tlumqlt it \\.is .t ui< r lttlI'IlIlt'lII, \t't'IIH.'lI in
l\;|\'c lltt' t'IIl'(I t|>ni.ikt~ .i t'ut_n|m'nt III rt-
I)Ll'.|\I_\'t
.
\'tr_\1' th.it r\'t-rytlnntg up until thv List I50
||1in\ttcs
uski-tl .| <|m-stiuu 0| thc .iutIit'nt"t~
I
.uuI Illt Tl'IllIII>l \\'.|s llIII\'\\'II.I| 3U-:'iU;
tn. ])('(I,II( whu likutl it <litIn't /I|1'|' it 1]-y
likutl it; .unl thr ]It'tI])l(' who tlitIn'| like it
\\1-rvm/umun/I II.|\'ini_' Stt'lI thv t'ilm lmtlt
w.iys_ t.ikt- my wunl lur it, it \\'tn'ksI|t~ttt~r
witlmut thr sultq."
Our su-tic \v.is rut lrnttt lltv lilm \\'lttrt'
tltrcc l\t'litu]Itt'r_~: ititrrrvpt I)n-yluss un his
i<)\lHlt"y lu \\'..mi|m~ li(r1 sumlimz hon.
.
;i t'_mt.isy_ I [I].|lI( [I)g' r]i_mt;t-
\\-.t,~.
ZIIILI thc cups .II"L surniumling him .nul t.tk-
int; ||it'l\lrt'$ nl him .imI usltinq l|\I('IItIIlS.
.\ntI thcn, of cnursi-_ tltr tit-xt thing tl\.it
IIIIII H'tH>I't$ h.i|i]n-ns is thr mrn in whilr suits jump ntll
uftliv I-'.t"ninilitic \.nt."
In the intt-rt-sts of p.iring, th.it >t't'HL'
was Sl'l'.|])|)L'\I. as \\'.| I1|IlI't'l|\lt'I\\'(' whcn
LI
it us |u.idL.| nu [)n..|~S_\. Hum cnlrr
thc .\licn ship. \\'In-it thcy tukc I)n-yliiss
into iinnthcr rmnn untl ]If\'I)l|TL him .iml ht-
cmttcs nut \\t-ziring jump suit .I Int till
Al
(;||ncr.t'is lt) Itl .|SSlItt\t'tI. I shut st-\'t~r.tI mn-
mcnts \\'hvrt' ho is t1i\'t'1\ .i rt-lt'.t.\"t- tn sign.
IIv: signs his own I)c.|th \\'.irr.inl' IIt't';I\lSl'
hv:s lt'.t\'it1tg our uwn ;i.stmnu|ny. IIIL mun
says, In: \'t|lIILI In: t'tII|SIlI(l'l'LI tcrlinirully
ilczttl, .iml In-'5 uskvtl tn sign ;t lut of Inrms.
Ilc signs amt lnrm ;il'tcr tht" ntltvr," Spit'|-
hcrg liiutgliul. "Hut lll.ll rciilly iiitt-rruptcil
thr ll-t-Iim; .it lhc cml of thr mm-iv."
.'\.s in thr tt\'l'L|II thrttst .iml int-.ining til"
his Iilm, Spicllwrg l'II.lIZI('lL'TIZt'\I his um
U-pl Hf (-X[|';||('r|1-[fi;|I l],j,, -_,\-; -'1 R-ally
ft-11 |||_ ;-,,m- m;,y| L-||.,\|g|, 1;, gr-| |-n- _
[U nun U, (mm. |.u._ Mm H, um In .|m|m
"mi fur gm") \.mn m_.]|_ MS M," 0|-
prnvcs its:-II. l\'nlnuI\' z.|p|inI us with .| rus-
r"lI mir Iuscr hcutn. I rt';ill\' \\';|ntt-tl this tn he Ll
In'|u:\'uIcnl LXLll;lI\_t.4Ul_ ;tll tho ti-ns uf
[|mmm|s J UH) n.l,n_ "Um. Ur ||.m
"I
urv luistilc. In my llt'.tri, I w.tntt-tl uur I-Ln
t-Uumcr 1, |,c pm-.f[_"
35

..
_l_)
, . - . t .
I Hiya _f||'1|l]l___|'l.:|:'~'-"
.
lm xlnr I m spud" '
munscrotitl.
ft.~t'ts. 'l'ht- dirt-ctor mttst
more lttl|\' ttntlvrstantl the tccltttieal
)l0lt'\' iti\'0l\'l(l ill \'plli1ll t'llt'tls in
l
tll(lt't. lti ttltt'].1,'Till" dffm properly mt
" -
the film .as..a huh. . .
" lrtttttlittll
lintttgltv tvnttltg tnt-rtgt'tit'
is
-
"ml l"""|"|l4..'h|". hl'mk"' .H.. |'l'i
'."k'.lL "?. .h.]m m "'."'l.l' xlkim 'i""'
M 'h'h in H.' '\")0 \\i) l\.()xl?'
--J-\ lmuiuiml if."-i "W ~\i\~\' Wk mids
id" m ]..'m4' H Hnimhn mm H ".'"-I
lt~;tturt' ltlm |Irtttl\ttllttlt was an asstgtttnettt
for the ]1t:t'i.tl pltntmgmpltic t'fft't'ts tut the
mntttttm-ntal llllllz .\ Sl1\(Il{ ()l)\'S.\'l".Y.
'l'rt_t|ttbull llll>t't!_\l.\|\ll"\\'I.)l'll(l on 'l:_lll'l
.\.\l)_R(l.\ll'.ll.\ 5_lR-\l\ fill Rv_lIl'l'l>\\ll'.
\'I'\'1IlHI\: ll\\' ||\'\'t.tl |1lt0lllllT-lPlll<' rlfv\'\>'.
. "ml lh"l ml l" SHl';'\'T RVNNING i
l!I'i'_. _fnt' wltirlt l\tHIlnl only t'reatt-tl the
t'Xttttst\t' spvttal t-llrcts hut tlt|'cctctl as
wrll, rxpantlittg into -l|'t'.ts \\'ltt"rc ft-w spt--
rial t-ffcrts tt'rh|titians ha\'t' ltuvn pt'rtnit~
ted. |l-'or an intt-r\'it'\\' with llntnglas 'l'r\ttn-
bull, and article, ttll the making of Sll.ll.\"l"
Rl'N~\'l'\(l- T '-':::Sl-
lrulttlitlll is mu of tltv IIt'\\' lvrvvtl nf
young filnttnakvrs who In-lit~\'c that a tnn-
ll" lll"r" ~"l"'"|l | i l"l""Y """im"l
prorvss, tutu in \\'hit'h all aspects nl thr pro<
"'h"'r' H. in
h'i"" i'"l'|"'"'. "'|'
llll\'* llll "l'l"'l"'lY l" Pl" llll- l'lll5"'
l'l'"\l_'f l_"-"'ll" 'lll' lll-" "*'*_l lll'l- llllcll
I R\l\-*l0R<\l- 'l'l' l' "ll l"'~"'l "5
TH 4* l"""'ll'~' >"l""'l-l ll"'l* l_"'- ll l5
almttt >|Iat't tt'.t\'t'l, but with an important
\lllil"'l'\'ll"\'- "l>llL' l""~'l'"l ll-ill 1"I\l\'Il"\-
l'-"Y *\'lllIl\l>~" -\-ID lI'\1"\lI\lll. ll l5 -llllllll
t*xplti|.tlit\t\ itttn the hutnan mind rather
than rxploratinn un'tl|mtit"uII_\- into nutct
spare. .\ll l ran say is that it will hr Vt-ry
lll-l\'\' "I1 -\']It't'i1t| tl'ft't'ls thr ultimatt' spt--
rial t'l'ft-tts trip."
II-in tlnl \llII lnt'tIYlIt' |'rt:-:>[zw/ zt-tilt
t.'I U.\'I:' I'..\'l.'Ul.\'II{It.\'!
l tgnt a wall from $tt'\t- Spit-llwrg .tkit\t1
if l was possibly a\'ailaltlt' tn tln tltt'|iirtttrt-.
II .\t first ul.ttttt' l \\.ts not terribly itIt\'rt'stt'tl.
l \\'a intn a lot of st-trrt proit-cts and was
tint t~spt'ri.||ly intt*rr>lt-tl in tlniut; spt't'i;tl
llltt'l$ llll -\I\HllN'Y lllI'\'<l<'T -1* l'll lllIK<'ll'tl
Sll.l-LN l' Rl'X.\'lN(;. \\'bt-n l nwt with
St;-\'t*tt we really tnrt t\'t' tn rye nn wltat he
wantt-d to at'ltit~\'t- and what l would like to
acltit'\'t-. 'l'l\<' prnjt't't really tied intn a int of
thin_t;s I wantvtl tn \;tl tgnintg and wt: really
st~cmt'tl tn lw spt-akitn; the satnv l.tttt_{tt.tgYt'.
It was also an nppnrtunity l'nr IIIC tn amass
a lot of t't|ttipnn'|tt l wantt'tl to put tnqvtlr
cr at sntttelmtlt t"lst~'s t-xpt't\st'. Sn we set
up a deal to not only make the pi<'tttrt' but
tn set up a spt't'ial facility that would in-
cludt: a lnt nfttt'\\ l&iIttl.\nft't|\ti|lInt'ttt.t1t'\\
tet"hnit'al innovations, new kinds of prnjct"-
- tors and new kinds of cameras a total fa~
cility gearrtl to this type of work, the fit\-
cst possihle gnotlics to play with. So l
_ agrcctl to tin it. That was just about two
years ago [I l/75] .
()m- of the _tt'n't'n rrnlilx is "l'i.tua! Ef-
- 36
/Tl!-\ l-'v'H't'/III by Siva-mt SpirIIn'rg." Div!
In It'll _\-nu tulml hr tmrtlt-11 or u-rrv ynu
ulzlr In I/ti't'[t|]I your ntttu i1lm.\'l'
I tlt'\'tlti|it'tl a lot of my uwtt itlcas. l\'s
|ust that Stewn wrntt the strct'ttp|a\ ltnn-
sell" with a lot of \t'r\' spt'<"ifit' sct|ttettt't's in
ntintl. typvs nl nlijt-rts and types of 1'n-
.
rnttnturs. llr had a \'t'ry clear itlca nf what
'3;-I
he wantctl h\' the timr l t"amt' on the pit"-
mm m. hm ,1n.;,(|\. .,-mt. 1|. _,-n.t.,",|;,\.
atttl wurl-tt'tl tlttl .i vt-rv t'lalmr;ttt stnr\5-
hoard for the whnlc pirtttrc wnrkint; with
(-corgt ]vn~tt|_ .t \tt|lt't tllttstrator. Steven
and l a 1.vrrrtl right then t-\'t-ti ltrfnrc l start-
N1 Mk M H". |,i\.mn._ Hm 1. MM ml.
"L" ll"-.m'M hr .-imwd lwqlllc nf lo
know"min
he was m\'nl\t-tl ttt the rrtsattntt
the vtttirc prnit't't and fttnt'tiunt'tl more
than iust as the tlircctnr. l also had tht:
point of \*it'w that l wantctl tn clarify how
that was wortlvtl as l had the bad t'xpt-ri-
cttcv: of working for 2": vvars on I001 and
my h;,_ Kubrick Mk; W cred which
Wm ..'_.i;|1 ||]mmumphi_ H-fL.s |).$iE"_
Cd and |)in.1.|| h. m"|.\. K|".iL.k_.. -I-in"
"mm ms in_-ir;,- ;m| P--mcd mc
fmm Ruin H. :\._h.|"y _\.;,d QWL. fm,
H". Hm] ],.;;,| .m._ ' good Vibes response. l|cs seen the extra-
IIntt' ntun\' tm|n']1[_\' n/' I/tr .-llfvn tlill
W, _u,, 1/m,,}_k,;, /,,._/',,,,. \.,, ,,,,.,';.,-,1, H.
hm. I/ml ,,'".,_\- U _,,.I,,y
~|m[-5 on 5.n.L. is \.l.I.\. l.|",_. m what
1|. m.;ui;|| n,m_q,| -115: 1', 5". V1,
k|m._ t,spu.iu1l\, whh .h_ M prinu in
H. |mmMim- [(;;g;j;.|,|_ 1],";-;,_;",, im{|(-
\\'a\' lt\i;|tllit'\t what we waittrtl, tn tnattl\
M Q-|,,,-,~|\ 1,5 p,,i|,11. |_ _.\|1l-I, ||\<m.k-5 J-,-.
ml. ;L,h"ig5v 11".. in .m|,_.(| 1,, n.|t U,
some kind of ltttinannid form with \'t~r\'
mi cxln,mml_s_ slmnw "hm an _.l.mq;.
man and with an o\'crsi7.t-tl head, nu cars
and largr t'\t. 'l'ltt~sv: \\'t'rt- sntnc of the
basit fuaturtis wt: trit-d to atlltt'rt' tn. ln the
t'xtt-t"rrstrial crowd scvttt-s, we ttst'tl small
t*hiltlrt'n who wvrv cast sput'ifit".tll\ for tltin
nus Jml [HIS and nu. lhcsl. nmgks -hi-h
\'(]\| l|\|||li|\t'\l pit'[\|rt'$ of, \\'c itttprtt\'t'tl
u-| A |i|[|.- _,m| 1]-y -,_n- ,,1\~ st-ll ["7
Umul Sn.|.5_ ' believable. \\'hat we did was to shoot a real
|_-T .]"Sl."p_~. T _.u.m Curl
uscd u lull horn) 4) lm-aiiun in 1,05 ,\ng-It-5 with
R;h_|ti |t.\.;-mt U, mi. H. _'\|;. ..Xpn._
Si. -imrm-u.r_ an m;,.'m.m5_ ]._|(| mm-l._
mums ml |-;_i_|| ..xm._i(,"_ '|"|"r nu. fir
t"xtratt~rrt-s'trial vntt st-c in that wall of light,
_, arr. mi" Jml ".xmk..|\. M" cn.;mm._ it is
hm;',i| hm |-<5 ]"";|m,i(| Hm" l|"_.1;"|C
mu-5 [hm -.,|l- ,,u|_ '|'|-R-35;,1,|(,f";m.
|,,m||.-\' H, it ;,|"| ||~ 5}-1-H1 Sum-Um-_
;,,,,| \-," ,-_,,, _,|m,,,-| _,~l-.- ||m,q|, ;;_ it -3;
|-;|[|t'- _; fairly _<|;\||-t-;,|t- ptipw-t pht1|t)-
;_rf;|I|]\|~|l up-_|i||t ,t mii_mm- |),|('k,_I1t1\l[\(l_
\\'t' built a smallt-r sralr \'t'rsit\tt nf the .\ln-
|i\tl',\lIi|l and pltttltn1t'.tpltttl it .n_'ainst that,
_|t [hr _\/mrrtlii/ t/HHY II/I|'Il.\ tnmr Irnm,
t'!r.\ tmnr ,l,,n." mu] ,,|mn urnmnl. It'll!
an Iln'\- _\u/1/nun] In In-K
It is bard tn makt" out just what that is.
IIn;t' Inrgw :t'||.\ 1ln- H|nI/:'/ 1,1 1In- _\h|IIn~r-
,tlti]_/
Six It-ct itt tli.tmtltt. lt is a very t'nmpli-
rated ntiniaturt'. \'t-ry tlt'l.tilt~d, and took
t~\~t-ral months In build. lt is full of all
};iml> nf tritky irim; Syqt-tn, ml m-on
lig|1ti|t|_[_ ttttngstclt bulbs and v\'t'r\' im.tgin-
;,|,|. kind nf fi|,r,_. ,,p|i1t_
3'0" !|1';'|'r trr any n/ Ihr ,\']mt'r,tI1[);
;',~r\t ./,-,;rI\_ I'I|,-\- ,m- ,1'I;",;\~,\ /|(1[/14'(/ in
[fa/QM, /],,;m,m\-_I||'/,,t;,;,-;,-1)-y,-?
' -nwn. wen. 3' mph. nf doze" dm-cunt
types. What we tnadt: up was sort of a UFO
kit. It was a modular system of UFO com-
punt-nts that we cnultl build up almost in
any ]1;|p T \\';|n[fd rm 3 singlc 5\ru,;lu|-_
l'l\*crything you see where there are multi-
plc t>_l>,iHs is really a single system usvd in
mulllllll: -l\*- llll ll" 9*-'lll" "l 50""
"l ll "llilllilll 5l?1PK5' lllw ll": "1115 "T HY"
l"'ll_}'l"{_5-
'35 llfill ll 5lRlll"g5 ""E
ll'
ll'~'1l
lltk ll
ll lcclllllcill Y'~5'3ill"5l C Ululd
get were always described in terms of hril- '
ll"' ll!~!ll$ l llll"*'"l "lll_l"""l""5 mi"
599' l "PlY 5llilPc- bl" ll 5li'P ill
"l
*1
-'35 5l""ll lmllllul "l5l'~'i"l 5"mf"
ling I " mam] surface ml had "Wis
1
ttt ll, or anything like that.
H-1" ,'7'h.w"' {Hm .w{" I-I Pun
l"-_'"4-5 I" *"f("'- "" "PP'; I" I
.h.I|
'f"" '1'././"""'1L I'll: ml! "" I/ll '- P.l"
"'l'>//""l- ll! W5 Hi" "1"! ml 47/
I/'1 "''?
,ll ms ""Y ll c'l'f']__l cm 5hl"'
'"l' ""'ltl ml) ll "~ ill" 'h"l}' id"
that you L-v;-r knuw what 5| 0;
1'
-,1;
shape tltese things would come in. There is
a littc by the little kitl who is very enthusi-
about the ships. This innocent little
;tslit"_
ktd ts the only one who hatl a positive,
wrrcsulllls imd WY llmk llk"llmllY'l'c
playmates. \\'ht:n the one saurt-r comes
over he yells lte-trc:tm." That was in the
stript. so we made a kind of ire-<rcatu tune
shaped olijrcttt that hall a lot nfotltcrlights
on it in gm-1 Hf mukc it [L-5; di("|_'f|\;\hlQ_
(htr of Ihr fim-.t! t']']i't'l: i.t UH .V|lltt7
""11 /ll-" l"'"$/l I/ll "-"l""'-"~"l"".\' 1""
lmnlIt_ r/m.tt'1I hv I/tr pnlfru mrx. Ilnw was
1],, ,[,,,,,-;! i
0"! "l "l" mill" l<ll'1\$ llllll \\'ll'~"'
W515
,_-\v,_-y 3 tihjctfl |iast'$ over, \\'l\t'l| any pht-n.
m:tttr$. it was tn vast a corres-
<1It\t:n<\n
potitling light on the people, thc environ-
ment arntnttl it,_sn that it all tit-d lngctltcr.
If an orange tIll|L('l went over, a hig orange
light wottltl pass across t-vt:ryune's face. In
||- ["11 |,,,(,||| 5-|w ||;,;r,_- Wu; nu qty U,
tin tltat hvcattst: we t'nttldtt't drive a light
sottrve through the tnll lumth and tnake it
no effects \\'lt:ttsnv:\'t'r. Then \vt: built an
itlcntiral tniniatttre toll lmnth with little
glass windows all tnatlv uttt of plastic and
"ll l'ill"l'~"l 5"" ll 1| lllcllllllll !l'"Y ml "ll
trarks we could fly mtntatttn; [l|~'()
through the toll booth whirh were ill\ttt\in-
ated and lit-up all the various sttrfates of
the toll booth. 'l'hat sttrface illumination
was simply dnublwcxptisctl n\'r;'r the real
toll hontlt so that the reflections nn the
windows correspond tn all the lighting
effetts and shifting shadows that would
nccttr naturally on the miniature.
Wax Ihul st'qu'1t(1' rrmletl by trial and
rrmr nr rlirl yutt ltnvr fl all plannt-:1 in ad-
tlartcr?
\\' knew that was how we were going to
do it. We planned it helort: we shot it. The
exact details of how we built the miniature
WCYC Still UP lf gr-1h5. '8 (let-ill!-ll WC
Wvull llll1l-I lllil 1!" lXKl'~'l tl\1l7llUll Ol
ll lll lmlllll 1" mllllturv and photograph
it with a matchirig lens or we could shoot it
with a different lens hy building a forced
perspective miniature, whith ts in fact what
WI: did. The tnll booth tniniatttrc was abi-
Zarre-looking, bent-shaped, ftircctl perspec-
live miniature, built for purposes of light-
ing and pm-Sp-|iv_ [1 workcd pufoqly ac.
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 C[,()Sl{ I-ZNCOUNTERS (_)F THE
']"|RD K|ND was a jomjh. imcgrab
Cd rudunion I
, p
Id I
l
, '_l
_d one
A
"_any other \\'1l); 1h3l '5 one of ll"?
I)! roblems with films in iicneral
and the mg pr-"|)|cm fur Sp-Cm] cf,
, .
._
kc pculllh L _a "lwdla handed
luumgc that '35 Pll"Il"1l1l'l by
somebody else at sonic other time. A
lot of producers and directors think
h - I -
I at lo
CM Ills, ll, '"":,spl-Cm
"I-rms whc" Yllu W ""(mgh-
~l)0tlgl;l Trumbull
g],_- fmmc and p35,,-(1 Um Hg)"; as T
m-(|,_-(|_ |,|,,,_~k by |,1m<k' in g1-,,"p' -;\|,
|,1;~k puinh
'|~|u.n_. was also J .i1|. Jug. sh," "H1".
w|,|,_. ,-,,,"r\.i(|,_. hi,-|| was |,,|;,]1\- mini.
I lun._ W. hum mm. W. dcmij,.,j [,m_,.,j
Perspective iniiiiattirt-s of the lI\tIlZllll|l't)lll1-
trvsitle with fieltls and little liariis antl
btiiltlings, all of which is very dimly expos-
ed, just enough to look real. \\'c couldn't
find any real terrain that matched our
needs.
7 Tilt St!/Iltllt't at l/It lYIl/ ll'Ill'Vl' you
t'lHYIl' lu lflt' "lanrli'iig fit'liI," tens lltal all
one snuiiil stage?
It wasn't a souiitlstage. It was shot in an
airplane hangar in .\IobiIe, Alabama. \\'e
went to Mobile because it was the only
place we could find a big enough building,
\\'e looked all over the world, mostly in the
Unitcil States, and stumbled on these two
\-cry Iufgf ;iiyp];,|w i,;mg;"5 at 3 (ii5ud air.
fit-iti in i\1Di,ii_ F,-i, ii-Y M-; "0; big
enough. We ended up adding a big extcn-
sion tn one of the hangars. We had to build
3 |_r,() for, [cm (mm [hf cm] uf |,;|u5
[hf \ was Six [if|1clufgcr than [hc biggul
Suumt 5133,; in ;|,,||y-m,d_ Thu was 3 big
big 5-L |; inciudj not only [he st-L bu;
the ,1-gs mum; the 5 and J huge mack
dmpl, 360o umund_ we jmm um [Cm om
um. end. J" blacked um .h,_.. [he sun U;
hluf imding gins cxicmt (mg
)1, w,-N U" [hg -1; mm-/| 9/11" ;,',m-
am] ""1 I'M; at H. mv,;";mp pau~;",,g in
H H. ,-ff,-1-1;?
\>(.5_ |l was u mmjjy imcg.mu.d pmdu,
ML | ,_v,,,,|dn', ha. dam. it any Um"
,y_ That is om. M ht big Problems Wm,
mms in gmemj and he big pmblcm rm,
SP-i;,| ttffc-ms pt-up|c_ They are ways
h_1n<]_-(1 |'L,,,ug. [hm was phuwgmphuj by
,,mh,,|y ,_-[Sc M mmc 0"," mt _,\ 10 Or
P,-,,d,,.,5 and dirccmrs mink [hm ynu Cm
just buy some special effects when you're
through. I think that l).\l\lI\'t\TlON AL
l.ll\' is a classic example of that. You can't
take that approach, and that's what they
did. You just can't save live action photog-
rapliy once it's photographed incorrectly.
If they allow the camera to jiggle or move
during a matte then it is just hopeless. That
lm could have been good, I'm sorry to tell
you. I was involved in the picture. I helped
it get started. I was going to co-produce it
and possibly direct it. We had some fantas-
tic designs and some good script ideas and
they just tumetl it into shit. It's really a
shame.
What is I-ulurc G('!t(7l (.'0rporali'ori?
Future General is ii company that I
fon-ned 3% years ago, a subsidiary of Para-
mount Pictures, to do research and devel-
opment on how movies are made and how
30
to entertain people iii general. I was very
frustrated \\'lll\ how movies were being
made. laver since the anti-trust arcortl that
separated the studios from the theatres, the
studios coiildii't owii their own theatre
chains. That esseiitiallv cri Pi )led any kind
.- tlit~F-litilt-Iyiitlustry
. -
of tet"liiiical[gro\yt:i_iii
in terms n exiiiition. .vt-rytiiiig _|\.tS\
locked in right there. It was either 35min
or Yllinni, and a certain shape theatre,antl
certain kind of srrt-en, and ccrtaiii II\L'Lll()-
"P wliiiil sysleiiis, and thats ilic i-vii) "'5
i been -\ll the iiinovatioiis that Iiappeiit-tl
before that resulted from coinpetition be-
tween the stiidins. with Ciiieiiiascope, \'is-
ta\'ision, anil Totltl-.-\O. .-\lI the iinpro\'e-
meiits that Itatl been going on simply stop-
pcd. I came up ivitli some ideas tliat_l
tlioitglit would be major breakthroughs in
how iiio\'ies roultl be |.)l'IU\0gT;]]lllL'Itl., pro-
jcrietl and presented to the pitblic. l'uture
(ieiicral gave iiie an opportunity to tlo that
experiinciitatioii. l'in now ready to shoot
l' ms 'l"' l' ml I 4 """Y "' 0" l1l'1l\1$\ I Wilnil l"|"'5\'-ll I" dull!-I 3"
l""''5 ["7 L lmlly "Cw ll"""'
_l1_ "v"l_"_""_(f'1'll"1ll'fl'|_l'* f"1)/l"" Ill '1"
""111 (-I-)5? I--\(-OI-"~\'I4'il\'~\:'
Y'5- l""l\"'\ G*"1'Y-Tl
ed all the special effects.
5"IlY 5uI""l|'4"-l'
//fl-I l""'' (il"lt"lI! 54'1"! """l|"1ll!l'!/I0?
H" -'ll'l"ll'niy .-lwaril?
0|"! of the systems we usetl on CI.O5l'l
Ii-\lCUUN'll'lR$ we call a Motion Control
S)'l'~ J PYNIY 5"Pl1l5\l1\lt-ll 1'l'~flYl>I\ll
Illa "~'C"I"-ll"!-I 5Y5"5m rt" Tl-'C""ll"l all he
movements of the camera in 1| slioi. The
54" kind "I 'i"-'lll"- hull IYY ll" 511"
PI-PI J5 m11ll9Y"fI111l- W515 \15ll ft"
51
different purpose in STAR l\'.-IRS. T-liis
system that we built was iiominatt-d for an
Academy Award this year as a Technical
Achievement.
We went _on location iii Mobile, Ala-
llama with this electronic system. We hatl a
special camera built that had sensors wliicli
are optical encoders on the pan, the tilt,
the focus change, and the dolly track
movements. We could record within a
l0,000tIi of an inch anything that the cam-
craman did during a take so that once we
went back to shoot the miniature or to
shoot the effects that correspond to that
shot we could recreate those moves cXact-
ly so that when you matted two pieces of
lm together they _moved_c-xactly together
as one. Ordinarily in movies you re doing a
special effect and you have to lock the
camera, you cant pan or tilt or change
anything. \ou don iv touch the camera.
lliis makes for_static images. \\lc wanted a
lot more exibility than that since our ob-
jffli WU" moving ii l0l- This W35 ii Wily. fur
the first time in movies, to have that kind
of camera freedom during a composite
matte. Itjust worked tcrrifically.
This award then is for the equipment
rather than a special effects award for the
lm?
Yes, it's something you apply for way
before the other awards are even nominat-
ed. The Technical Awards Committee will
eventually make a decision on the award
and announce it bcforc the official Acade-
my Awards ceremony which features the
other voted categories. This award is more
like a decision making process within the
Academy's Technical Branch. It shouldn't
even go to me or to Future General but to
the two guys who built the system.
I understand your father, Dan 'l"rum-
bull, worked on STAR WARS?
Right: Wlieii he was young he started in
the movie l)llSlI\tS. I \\~as_liorii in I9-I2 and
I thiiik he left tlte business abotit I9-I3
when the war started. lle worked on ilillli
WIZARD OI OZ antl some other filins.
\\'lien the war. came he became iitore ola
.
lL'gllll";l\lC' eiigiiit;tir Lillil went lllllklrlle
. . .
cra iusincss. ieii startet ma 'iiig . -
l.liNT RUNNING I asked Iiiiii if he would
like to come and work with iiie. lle is a
hrilliaiit engineer and I need a lot lIfS])t'(l;\I
'~"ll"'""g.' I "'. ""Y l'|l'g " c"l"
\ras.I1t\\' rigs. lzverything I use is not a\'atl- L
able off the shelf. \\'e build evcrytliing spi:
cial to meet special needs. It scents that
every picture, every project I work on
needs special eqiiipineiit. So lie sort of
started with me on Sll.l'lt\"l' RUNNING
antl\\'e'\'e been working C\Cl"SlI'lCL.
]oIin llykstra worked with me oti Sl-
Ll-j,\IT RUNNING and then we worked on
several projects after that. _]ohn took
ST.-\R W.-\RS. which I ditln't want to \\'ork
"Ill" 5I'1C'-' "I)~'l'1- .l"l"l "ml I lKclll' hill
built a smaller version of this more sophis-
ticated electronic machine called a Mini-
Sfili Ii" kl<lY""l '~'l"\lY"lllF ll "P I0 I0"!
motors controlling camera pan, tilt, dolly
and focus. You could run them automatic-
ally interlocked which was a big jump he-
yontl what we built for 'l0(ll, which wasn't
any more complicated than a washing ma-
chine. So when john went to tlo STAR
WARS hf 5lIlfl'~ll blllllllllll Ill" I"-XI H5I\ll'i1'
iion of this electronic systein and my fath-
'37 W0ll<l TOY lllm 15 ll Kl"'-I "11 |h"
1-I my lllhff \\0Ilt'<l 0" CLOSE l'1NC0UN'
Tl-LRS in the same capacity. Ile ended up
building camera equipment for both of us.
We actually share equipment occasionally, I
share designs. We're all sort of a small
group of people doing the same work and
it makes the process of technical advance-
mcnt happen a lot faster because we hay:
such tight communications. My tlail built
all the mechanical systems for the Motion
Tracking _ystein, plus conquered a_lot of
other engineering prtililems on thepicturc.
Hutu was (.L().Sk hN(_.()UI\l!;RS to
work an cmnpart-ll to Q00]!
It was certainly a job of eq_ual
tude. lhe difficulty for me on f.l.OSl. I-.l\-
COl_Il\ITl-IRS was the sort of bizarre juxta-
position of extremely unusual effects in an
extremely ordinary setting. This is one of
the most difficult effects to achicvc in my
opinion. l think it is a simpleotask to_ cre-
atc laser beamsjind spaceship fighters in an
essentially comic book atmosphere than to
be tied down to reality with just ordinary
country roads with fcncc posts and trucks
and cars. You have to make all this stuff
happen and yet be believable. It was very
difficult, certainly more difficult than
2001, and a lot more technically sophisti-
cated.
The budget fur CLOSE ENCOUNTERS
is quoted at between 818 and I19 million.
Haw much of that was far special t-ffcrls?
I'd say $5.5 million was for photograph-
ic special effects. I couldn't say how much
money was allocated to Roy Arbogast's un-
it doing the practical physical effects. Roy
was in charge of things like screws that
come out of the floor and smoke effects
and jiggling mail boxes, and all that comes
under the heading of mechanical special cf-
fects. ,
This year special effects films seem to
be a /ad. Do you think the studios will can-
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1.1111-r is .1||1|11\1 .1 1|1|1'1-1 1-11111 111' S1.-\R
\\'.\1{.\' ;1s .1 11-I1-\i.\-11111 1'1-1-11-1 11-1111 .11|i1'1'1-11-111
11.11111. |'|\1' 1-11.1r.11'|1-n .11-1- .111 1111- >.11111- I1-111-.
|l's .1 1-111-1111'. l5l'(I1-Q R()(1-LRS ix 11-11111; 111
r1-1-r1-.111- 1111- 11.1.\.\-i1- $11111 111 11111-1-1 R111;1~r- 111

1111- L"1l11 (I1-11111r\'. I13 .1 111111111 111111-11-111

111->i1_r11 11111 .11;;1i11 11 l1.1> .\]1.11'1'1\1[1 11.11111-s.
(I1.().\'l-1 1-'..\(I()L'N1'1.1{S, l'111 1-111-1-, 11111 111-

1111-11-111111 .11111 11 11-11] .\p.1\\'|1 .1 11-1111l1- 111111111

111' 1'11-1111; 1.1111111 111111 l'l-() 1111115 .11111 11-11-11-
>i1111 ri|1'1111.\-. l'111111-11111.111-l\-. 1111-11- .11-1-11'1
111.11 111.1111- 1111-111 1-111-111 |11-1111l1- 111 1411 .1-
r11111111.11111 1 11111111 i1 i> 14111111; 1111-1-51111 in .1

111111|1-111-1'11films111.1l.1r1'11'l\-1-1'1-11111111.
I'111I11_\- '1 .1111-11\1_/11/ 11-i1-111'1- V/1'1-111111/1'l111.1
.1-1-1-111 I11 I11- 11111111 I11 11 1-111111131-r 1_-1-111-n1I1'1111
111 /iIn1111uI1-1-1'.1- .1111-/1 111 I.111-111 111111 .\'/11'--II11-rg.
_L llI1_1- 1/11 V1-1111 Il11'11I.- I/11.1 1.1 I111/1/11-111111,-?
1-mm 1-x111-ri1-1111-. l \l|l111l
I)is111-y
1111-

111111-11'
1111-11

.1111! .1 1-1-1-1.1111
1;r1-11-
.||1111\|111 111 \,-
1 1.1111.1\-y .11111 .1 1111 111' >111-1'i.1l 1-1'11-1-1. .\1l 1111- ~\
l)1>-|11-1- 111|11.- 111111 1111-ir .111i111.1l11111 .11-1- |'11l1
111 |11'1'1.1l 1-1'11-1'1. S|1i1-I111-1-1.1 .11111 1.11111 .1r1-
1111- 5.11111: 11-.11-. l'111-y'r1- 1111111 L-111-5 11-111111.11-1-

11r1111-11 1111 1111 (his 1-1111 111 1'.1111;1s1- $11111, .11111

.111 111r1-1- 111' 111 111.11-1-11 111111 .1-11|11-1 H111111 11111-
\-11-s 11-I11-11 11-1- 11-1-r1- 11111.1-. \\'1- .111 111.1111- 12111--

1-i.11 1-1'11-1-ls 11-111-11 11-1- 1\-1-r1- 11-11 y1-.11s 11111. \\'1-

1_'r1-11- 11|1 1111 1111-111. 11-111-r1-.11 1111- 111111-r 11-1-11-

11i1-i.111s 1.11111: 1111111 1111->1r.11i1'i1-11>1\111i11 $1-s

11-111 \1-111-r1- 1111-r1- 11-.11 .1 1111-1-1-1111 11-11111111l11'1
11111111- .1111-1111111; .11111111 5111-1-1.1] 1-1'11-1-ls .11111 .

1111-r1: 11-:15 111511 .1 s|11-1-i;1l 1-I11-1-1.1-'111.111 \1'1111

11i1111'1 11111111-11 .1|1y1l1i111; .11111111 11ir1'1-11111;.
'1'111- 11111 511111111 111-)1.1r1|m-111 $1-s11-111 1-11111111
1-11 1-1';1rs .1141. \\'l11-11 p111-1.11110 11111113 .11111 ::~-
|111r1.111l1- 1-111111-r.1s .1111! p11r1;111l1- r11'11r111-rs '
1-.11111- in 1-1-1-r1-111111y 11-1-111 1111 1111-11111111 .11111

1111- >l\111111 1-111l.1|1s1-1|. 11 l11-1-.11111- 11 11-1111111

11i1'1'1-r1-111. 1|11i1-11 51111111 1111 I111-.11i1111, 111-111111-

n1i1- $1-s11-111 .1111| 1111-y 11111 r111 111' 1111- 111-1-r

111-1111 11-1111-11 1"11|1silc1| 111 1111Il1111zi11g 1111-ir

s1;1g1-s 111111 g1'll11\g ri1111l1111-ir 111-|1.1r11111-111$.
511 1111- 111111-r 1-1'11-1'15 |11:11|1l1- 1li1111'1 141-1 in-
1-1111-1-11 i11 1111- |1r1111-ss 111' 111.1ki11g .1 111111-i1-.
'l111'y \1'1-r1- 11ir1-11 1-1'11-1'1 1'xp1-r15. 1 1111111; 1111:
1-111111111-r 1'il1111n.1k1-rs ;1r1- 11111-gr.1l111_1; 5111-1-1:11
1-111-1-ls 111111 1111- 11-1-111111l11gy 111111 1111- s111ry
i1111> 11111: |1.11-k.1_1g1- 11-11i1-I1 l 11111111 is 1111- 11111}-

'- 11-11y 11 1-1111 111111111-11. 1 11111 1-1111111111 up 11-1111

1111-.15 11-1111-11 ;1r1- 11111 jusl _1;i11\111i1ks 111111 11111

11 jusl 1111-11$ 1111 sp1-1-1111 1-111-1-ls, 11111 i111-:15 111

11-Il s111ri1-s 111111 111-.1111: 111111-i1-.1. I .1111 :1 111111-

111a1;1-1, firs1, 11-1111 1111s 1111 i|111-r1-s1 111111 .111 _1
1-xp1-11is1- in s|11-1-1111 1-111-1-ls, 111-1-111111. T111: 111-
r1.-1-1111 must m11r1- fully un111-151111111 1111-
pr1111'.1s i11\'11l\1'11 in sp1-1-i;1l

I
11-1-111111-111 1.-1"~

11-1-15 i11 11r1|1-r 111 i1111-gr:11e 1111-111 pr11p1-rly

1111.11 1111- film .1s:1wh11l1:.
 f.} ,,,,
~ ,-1l~.~_DW'rY.-:9-t

51.111111 /mm
II.-t_\l.\'1-I 'I'IU.\ /I I.-
I.I-. Y, 111rnt1!I\ 1'11
r1'I1"11\1 I11 JIHI1 ([111- '
I11r\ -I-1-.\_ I.r_!I.- I'l11-
l_11111l .\!11.\'I1 r, 11 <11-
,,r.,x/1. .11. .1 .111 '
&
Irrmhi :11 I111 I1 .
M11111: 11111111 r (_/1111
.\l1'uI111.l l1m-1-11!)
/1111111 lI1n11111I1 11

11.111 111 1-1'11111.<1 111-

,-1,1111. /'11.-11 1.1111.-
m1 1"I111u1'1'11l /m1/1.1
111111 11111 <1-1-11 1'11

[I111 Iinul Iilm, 11111!

11111 n/Il1u'r1I I11
1111111111!-1'11 11':-r .1111-
_111'u11s.

me

DAMN ATION ALLEY

ll.-\.\l.\'.\'l'l().\ .'\l.l.l-LY .-\ Lfllth (Ie1\tt1rt'~ ;11'r11ss 11 r;11li;1ti11|1-s1'ur1'l1e1l l'11ite1l t;1tes. \\'lll'll-l l.lNl~'. lil-.\l-LR. ()|1er.1ti111;1111t11l:1
l-'11s R1-le;1se. I0/77. l11 l)el.11xe (I11l11r ;1n1l tl1e s11rre;1l i11f1'r1111 11f hitter 1'el.1ti11t1sl1i|1s secret 111ilit;1r1' i11st:1ll;1ti11t1 i11 tlte Smith-
S1111111l fltill. 9.3 mittutes. l.\e1'11ti\'e pr11- .1111l l;1n1ls1';1]1es he e111111111ters 11111111; the west. :1|111;1re|1tly 111;11111e1l by l1.1ll' tl1e
1l111er$. ll:1l Ltttttlers. l4nl1l1y l{11l11-rts. lr11 \\'.1y were ;1ll 1l:1rk i11 t1111e. i11lti111g i11 tre;1t~ :1\';1il;1l1le 11111111111-er i11 th1- .\ir l~'11r1'1-. \'i11-
1l\11'e1l hy _]er11tne .\l. 7.eit|11;1tt. l;111l .\l.1s~ 1111-111 .1111l. 11t11st rele\';111tl\'. highly 1'i11e- 1"e11t plays pttrt 11l' .1 t\\'11-111.111 te.1tt1\\h11se
l.111sk1'. llirertetl I11 _];1el1 Stttiqht. St'ree11- |n11ti1. (Ih:1r.11'teristi1.1lly tl1e pr111h11'1-rs 11l l'11111*ti1111 it is t11 |1r11\'i1le .1 n-t;1li.1
play hy .-\l;111 $l1;1r|1.1111l l.\tls;t llellerl1.1s~ l).\.\l,\'.\'l'l()X .\l.l.l-.\' h;1\'e et1tl1\1si;1sti1- strike l11r1'e it1 tl1e 1'.1s1' of 11111"le.1r .1tt.11k.
e1l 1111 tlte t111\'el hy R111;er /.1~l111.111'. .\ss11 .1lly .11h11itt1'1l th;1t it \\'.t> 1111-1'is1'ly Zel;1/.- (ieurqe lepp;1r1l (wisely 11111l1"rt1l;1yi111;.11t1l

ei.1te |1r111l1t1"e1. .\l;111ry(I11l1et1. lr111l111'ti1111 t1y'.~ \'is11.1l t;1let1ts tl1.1t 1lre\\' th1-111 111 tl1e s.11l1lle1l with .1 l1yl1ri1l S11t1tl1er11 .111'1-111

111.111.11.;1=r. llill ll;1\'i1ls1111. llireetur ul |1h11- 1\'11rk itt tl1e first |1l.11'e (11:13:29). S11 it 1111l1' 1111 .-\11geli1111 1'1111l1l1lre.11t1 11|1l is tl11-

t111gr;1phy. ll;1rr1' $tr;1tllin1;,_lr. lr111lt11'ti111\ \\'11\1hl l1e .1 further juy 111 tell you tl1.1t 11tl1er te;1111 met11l1er. \\'ithi_11 111i1111tes 11!
tlesiqtter. lrest1111 .\111es. .\lt1si1 l1y_]erry Z1-l;1/11y's it11.11;istie t;1let1ts l1.1\'1- heett the film's opening tlte 11l1li1;.1t11r\ l111l11-
(i11l1lt11itl1. .-\rt tlireetur. \\'illi;1111 Cruse. faitlthtlly the me1li11111 tl1.1t
tr.111s1111se1l 111 1';111st arrives. l)ireet11r _];t1'l; Smitght tn;111-
Set 1lee1>r:1t11r, \'11nn;111 R111"kett. .\ssist;111t \\';1s liter;1lly I11-qgitn; f11r tlte tr.111siti1111. .11;es 11111 nl his few efl'e1'tive s1'e111*s here;
1lire1'tur_ D1111 Ruherts. S1111111l.llrt11'e lli- L'11f11rt1111.1tely. the tr:111sl'11r111;1ti1111 11l'1111- 11$ 11 lilftf 11111111111er-1're;1te1l 111.111 11f the
se117.. litlitetl hy Fr.111k l'riuste. S111-ei;1l el'- \el 111 s1'ree11j11s| 14111-s lieqqitig. CS.-\ fills tlte sen-1-11. srures 11f white 1|11ts
feels. .\li|t1111 Rive. S|1e1'i'.1l pl111t111;r;1|1l1ie lt's .1 tiretl truism th:1t \\~he11 llully l1l11ss11111 silently 1111 its s11rl.111-. Ulf-1';u11~

elTe1"ts. l.i11 D111111. D1111 \\'ee1l. l"r11t1lt \'.111- \\'11111l l;1ys l1.1111ls 1111 this type 11l'1;e11eri1" t'r;1 tl1e tlry \11i1"e 11l' .1 te1'l111i1i.111 1'.1lt11l1'
1ler\e1"r. Stunt 1'1111r1lit1.1t11r. l)e;111_]ell'ries. 111;1teri;tl. .1ll the eletttettts erttriatl t11 the tlrnnes 1111t tlte 11111111-s 11f1ities \\'l111se .111-
_g1~.\!11II11ftl11-|1ie1'e lltt|l\t'.\'l11|flt'lt'YlL;|- t1ihil:1ti11n those 1l11ts represettt f\'1~1\
'l'.11111er . . . . . . . . ._];111-.\li1'l1;1el \'i11eent lions. t"11l1ere111'e- .tre i111tt1e1li;1tely s1*r;1|1- Yurk. ll1il.11lelpl1i.1. \\'.1sl1i11et1111. .1111l .111

l)e|1t1111 . . . . . . . . . . . .(ie11111;e I1~|1|1.1r1l pe1l i11 f;1\'11r11l tl1e 1:l'l'eets. ll.-\.\l.\'.-\'Il().\' 1111. .\n11:11ge1l1l1111 ;1s st;1tisti1' the et111n11i~

_|.111i1'e. . . . . . . . . . . .l)11111i11i11\1e$;1111l;1 .\l.l.l'.\ is 1111 1lilleret1t itt this respeet. ty 11f tltis 111.1ssi\'e 1le\tr111'|i1111 e11\111ter-

K1-e1g;111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l.111I\\'it1el1l .\1t1l it's .1lw.11's 11 l1.11l. l1;11l sign when 11 ]111i11te1ll1y tl1e1let;1rl11111'11t11fit<111e1'h.111-
llilly . . . . . . . . . . . _].1ckie l-'.;1rle llztley seiettee li1'ti11t1 film is rel1'.1s1*1l with 11 11it11- ie;1l l111111;1t1 11hser\';1ti11t1 hits .111 ugly 11111-
Perry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ki|1 .\'i\'e11 111i1'k. l).-\.\lX.\'l'l()N .-\l.l.l*.\' e1111ti11\1es te111|111r:1ry 1lis;1ss111"i;1ti1111 s1|u;11'ely 1111 the
ll;1ski11s . . . . . . . . . . . .\l11rk 'l'.1yl11r this s11rry tr.11liti1111 with .\'1111111l :1 Iltill." he;11l.
l'eel1t1iei;111. . . . . . . . . . . . Trent l)11l'.111 simple-111i111le1l |1r111'ess tl1.1ts\1rn1tm1ls the l'11f11rt11t111tel1' it's the only sueh 11l1ser-
.\l111111t:1i|1 .\le11 . . . . . . . Rt>lIltl l)111111er ;1u1lienee with speakers .1111ls11l1jeets tl1e111 \;1ti11n tl1e film l1;1s t11 tttztke. .\1111ther i11-
. . . . . . .\'1'.11111111(il:1ss t11 tlte ill11si111111f:1t1r;1l |1111\'e111et1t. lt's 1111- terestittg ele111e11t 11f e1111tr;1st \\'l1ieh he-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .];1111es l;1rkes thing ttmre than 1111 ex|1;1nsi1111 of \\'illi;1111 tgitts t11 1le\'el11p early 1111 the r11t1Hi1t he-
. . . . . . ..........R11ger(I1'ee1l (.:1stle's
' i11l;11111111s 1_vi111111i1'k l11r 'l'lll'. t\eee11'l';11111er's 11111t1"1111l'11n11ity ;111tlP1-|1-
l.;11\1lers. . . . . . . . . . . .\l\1rr.1y ll.1111ilt11n 'l'lXGl.l-.R. the lmtt httzzer. .1111l just ;1s p;1r1l's tliseipline. l111tl1 11l \\'l1i<'h ;11"t11;1lly
relevttnt. e11111ple1t1e11t tlte success 11ftl1e11tl1er1h1r-
But l).-\1\lN.-\'l'l()X .-\l.l.l-'.\"s l;1ekl11s ing their \.1rit111s .11l\'e11t\1res q11i1'l;l\'
S11l't 1111 tlte heels 11l' tlteir |1l1e1111me1\11l- ter 1|11;1lities must l1e l;1i1l;1t the feet t1l';1ll sinks 1\'ith111tt further trztee. 'l'l111111gl1t. .111-
ly sneeessfttl S'l'.~\R \\'.\R.\' e11111es l)1\.\l~ i11\-11l\'e1li11 the|1r11jeet.1111tj11st the suuml ]1.1re11tly 111 Fnx. 11111st11't 11tl i|1 tl1e \\'.11
\'.\'l'l().\' .\l.l.ll\'_ lfllth Cetttury-F11x's 1lep;1rt111e11t from tl1e tacky pr1>tlt1eti1111 ufthe \'is11.1ls.
latest l1i1;-httthget ufleritttg the eltrrettt i11 \';1l\1es 111 the 1'i111ler-liluek editing t11. e- .-\lter the .1tt.11k Stttight 111111-es e\'1-111s
seie111e l'i1'ti1111 l1111111\. lt wuultl he J ple;1~ |1e1"i;tlly, the 'l\' .\l11\ie 11f the Week stvle 1|11it'kly. s11 11s tn get 1111 with the 1r11ss-

s11re t11re|111rt that this first filmetl 1\11\'el srript by .>\l;111 Sltarp ;1111l l.11e:1s lleller
11l l{111;1'r 7.el.11.11y's. 11I\t' of the most eln l\\'h11 tlitl the 11ther\\'ise l'i11e writing
1|11e11t .1111l puetie 11f ;1ll l';111t:1stie writers. ehures 1111 'l'llli DlR'l\ l)OZl-..\'). I11 their
is ;1ls11 the first s11eeessl'1tl seienee fietiun ;1lter;1ti1111s. Sh.1q1 .1n1l llellerl1.1\'e1111t
film nuir. .'\lter .1ll. Zel;11.1\y's lmuk lc1111~ ly 1';tstr.1te1l hut l11l111|11111i/.etl Zel;1z11y's
irernitng the e;1ptt1re ;111tl l'11ree1l lust ritle 11f t111\'el 11$ 11-ell. eotttittg 1111 \\'ith :1 ]1r11tlt1et
l*l;1rtl1s s11le re111;1i11i11g llell's .-\11gel. :1 sort 11s l>l;11\1lly i1111fle11si\'e .1s \\';1n11
of Post-ll11l11r:11tst EASY Rll)l-LR). was :1 rule \\hi1l1 sh11t1l1l h;1\e l1eet1 p11r-
I11 .1
wurk $11;1ke1l in 11u1'r'.\ nihilistie ;1t11111s- trztyetl l1y\\'illi11m S111itl1,e\'ery11t1e's l';1\n-
pltere :111tl itnztgery. llell 'l':11111er'jo\1rt\ey rite genre \'ill:1i11. hiker Tanner has heen
tlilutetl into an .'\ir l-"urre officer. _];111-
\lieh.1el Vinrent pt1rtr.1vs the role 11s if
by M. he'll just wtttttlercd in. 11l'f the Set of
h
1'111111try juurttey emtstittttittg the 111re 11f
the slim st11ryli11e.'l'w11yearsl1;1\'e|1:1sse1l.
\i11ee11t ".1111l .11111tl1er s11l1lier (l.111l \\'i11-
1111- lieltl. l11use .1111l funny] have 1lr11|1|1e1l1111t
uf the set-\'it'e .t111l live itt .11111the1' l1t111ker
ziway fr11111 the re1tt;1i11it1g1t1e11. Their time
t'.1pioe;1. is itlletl ;1\e;1y 1111 l111l1l1ies; \\i11fiel1l |111it1ts
mttrttls 1111 the uttter \\';1lls 11f their 11111-
erete home. \'i11ee11t takes expetlitintittry
rides 1111 11 dirt hike it1t11 the 11e.1rl1y 1lesert
t11\\'11s, se;1r1"l1i11g for s11r\'i1'i11q life (;1tt11tlt-
er feeble e1'h11 l'r111n the lmuk) l'epp-.1r1l
still the lifer, elerts tu stay it1 t-he serviee

40
 st , . .
ll
_ 5'
. . .takes everyone for
antl begins eonstrurtirn; the l..tntl|n.tster.
a large. .tll~pnr-pose terrain antl ;n|uatir
eruiser (also the eentral set~piet'e of the
lilin.
These inuntlane routines areas quickly
skimmetl n\'er. The main installation is at
citlentally le\'ele<l by a sleeping soltlit-rs
trittarette ii;-nitim; a gas leak. \\'itlt the
death of all personnel save Vincent. lep-
panl. \\'infieltl anti another airman. the
quartet tleeitle to tlri\'e to .-\lbany in The
l.an<hnaster \\hieh has (om-eniently
been honseil auay from the blast. \\hy
.-\lb;tny. Ratlio tnessaiges have been reeei\'-
etl front that area anil. as Peppartl tersely
infurtns ns. lleeattse it's there."
The Lantlmaster itself. tlesitgnetl by
De.|n _|effries at .t reportetl rost of some
53t)tl_t)tttI. is also a tlisappointment.
Lookim; for all the uorltl like .1 fnturistie
\\iintebat,-u ontfittetl witlt internally eon-
trulletl roeketry. it merely beeomes the
l..\ freeway tlriver's ttltitnate fantasy.
\\'ith its appearance l).\.\lN.\lll).'\' .\l.
l.l'l\' tlrnp all further pretense and he-
ttit1\es effertssaturate1l. Since there are
no eliaraeteriLations to speak of, antl less
plot. at this point the srripl tletgenerates
itttn .1 p.|r.nle of ineitlent.strutng tot_-ether
with no reqartl for n.irrati\'e< ontinnity or
enherente. l'ntler violent. perpetually ltal
lueinatory skies (nitely tltittt laser pho-
tot{r.|plt\' effet ts, but poorly t otnpositetl).
\'int'ent antl Peppartl set off on an otlys-
sey towanl every eoneeivable seienee t'ie-
tion eliehe of the past thirty years.
The assortetl tnenaees the l.antlmaster
confronts seem to be eulletl from the re-
jeetetl bits of an olil S.-\'l'llRl).-\\' \'l(}ll'l'
l.l\'l~l skit. \\'ere initially treatetl lu tl\.tt
most lo\'.thle of atomic tttanifestatiotis.
uiant ltltg$st't1r]1ltlt1$. aml even, in the
film's natlir, killer eoekroaeltes. Ken .\litl-
tlleha|n's hantllintg of these insects is per
funetnry. hartlly up to the stantlartls he
set for himself in 'l'llli lll'll.l.STR().\l
CllR(),\'lCl.l'l or Pll.\Sll l\'. .~\nother
ttoary plot ileyit e is tlraetgetl whimpering
onto the srreen when the men fintl a
beautiful \\o|n.tn livint; alone in the ruins
of l..|s \etg.|s. Poorly tlressetl alltl tnatle
up. in terrible neetl of loention lessons.
Dominique Santla portrays her role of
-
a ride."
rook. ne.tr-rape yietitn and resitlent
srreamer with alttltllillq vapitlity. .~\ntl
there's more. l.nter a tough bttt ettte kitl
lylaekie lzarle llaley] ho lives on ltis wits
by beintr ;t tleatl shot with .t stone at forty
yartls.
llefore they liiul their expected lztlen
in .\lbany. this \\'utttlerf\tlly tlemotgraphie
lntmh also have to tope with era/.etl ra-
tlinaetive retlnet ks. tornatlos anal titlal
waves. Sharp antl lleller obviously spent a
e-noil <le.tl of the stntlio's time watehitn;
the late show.
lt is easy to see where tlirerlor _]at'k
Smiigltt fits" into all this. llis reputation.
resting largely on films protltn etl ilurint;
the late 'lills anal early 'TUs. almost exrln
siyely sprang frotn the wonl .nl\"entnre."
That tltese films \\ere neither atl\"entnrons
or partitularly t'ttterl.|illlliq tnany of his
works lie there anti stare bat k at yon oh-
yionsly meant little tn the insulatetl, oth~
entorltlly jtnlqement of the stntlios. ln
their eyes lte was probably .t natural.
Yet. inexplitably, Smitght reeeiyetl
some ttootl t'|-itiral press tlnrintg the per-
intl. (hie experts that this T('\ll\l'tl from
K.-\l.l'.ll)()$(I()Pl-.'s oyerall kinky quality.
or. in the rase of ll.~\RPliR. l.|nl \'ew-
tnan. .'\'ot lltruttuli any expertise on
Sntiqht's part. lle's also nu lr.tt'tt{er to
genre material te\'en. itt a 'l'\\ll.l(2ll'l'
7.()f\l-. episotle titletl 'l'he Lonely." put-
tint; out a sturtly tnootl pieee). but he's
repeatetlly stuhbetl his toe when workitng
with it. Tllli 'l'R.\\'l-.l.l.l.\'G l~.Xl-.(IL'~
'll()Nl-.l{ eottltl have beett a tgootl blank
eometly antl shoultl have matle Staty
Reach a star. but Smight llubbetl both.
NO \\\Y T0 'l'Rl'..-\T .'\ l..\l)\' was slop-
pily eunstrnttetl anti fonefetl us too
tltirk aslire of Rtttl Steit;er'spentltant for
ham. The l\' atlaptation of Tllli
S(IRl'..\.\llXG \\'().\l.'\.\' was tnerely te<li-
nus. but $|nit;ht's other liratlhttry atlapt:t-
tion. 'l'lll'l ll.l.lS'l"R.-\'ll-ll) .\l;\l\'. was
not only in exeerable taste but also one
of the greatest single public insults to an
establishetl living writer that it has ever
been my misfortune tn stumble upon. So
it shoultl eome as no surprise that
$mit;ht's involvement with l).\.\l.\'.\Tl()I\'
.\l.l.E\'. finally. is just the work of ano-
ther faceless hack. lf we have high LX|)L(-
tations for the new f.mtasy antl stienee
fietiun films. then we are fortgettinq the
similar booms of the ':'>0s anti '(it)s and
only have our own naiyete to blame.
To be completely fair. there are a few
effective sequences. The aforementioned
eoekroaeli attaek manages to work tip
some queasy suspense. and tlte apocalyp-
tie storm wltirh heralds the titlal wave
(punetnatetl by pure bolts of energy hiss-
int; o\'erlie.nl) even begins to approaeh a
sense of wontler. llnt this bniltl-up is im~
metliately vitiatetl by the terrible quality
of the following miniatures. the amateur-
ish proeess work atnl. ineretlibly. a quirk
elip of the tleath throes of the islantl from
P.tl's .\'l'l,.'\.\"l'l$. 'l'lll-. LOST C()l\"l'l-
Nl'..\'l'. This may generate a lleetintt pang
of ttt)St'.|lt.[ia for the more knowletltgeable
in the atttlienee. but it eertainly tloesnt
qualify .ts toinmittetl filmmaking.
ln the final analysis. there's really so
little to say about a film like l).4\.\l.\'.-\~
Tl().\' .4\l.l.l-.\' who. after all. hasn't al-
reatly seen it a tlo/.en times before? that
its only legitimate reverberation is per-
eeiyetl as a question. I'/n question. really.
Despite inrreasing tnarket sophistication.
why have seienee firtion lms remained
continually eyelie. eontinttally lormulair?
lt'x a terrihle irony that the machine
whirlt pmtlnees pirtttres from spinning
etnulsifietl reels. sountl from lines printetl
utt tltat emulsion: that tlte only true amal-
eram between lnagir. art antl teehnology
the only trtte seienee firtional intlnstry. if
yon will should remain so stubbornly
conventional in its treatment of fnturistit
themes.
lint why go on? l).~\.\l.\'.-\'l"l().\' .'\l.-
l.l".\' is nothing more than a bit;-butlget
lls monster movie. tlevoitl of the eharm,
oeeasional loony graee. antl even less in-
telligenee than its pretleeessors. This ut-
terly petlestrian filln stantls as Contempo-
rary proof of the axiom whieh holtls that
those who tlo nut learn from the past are
doomed to repeat it. ln trying toeover all
the l).'l!$. protlneers Zeitman. Masl.ntsky.
et. al. ran only eotne tip with a no-hitter.
l).~\.\lN.-\'ll().\' .'\l.l,l-LY takes everyone
fora ritle. I
41
 -e'~
Scrrtrs frnm J WO-
MEN, Rahvn Alr-
mart's nlntrtrn-film,
currently in releasi-
by ZOIII Ct'ntury-
Fax. Right: Three
women in nttr 0]
-
]am'cr- Rule:
swonrriing-pool
paintings, fmittled
by Bnrllti Wind.
3/IK ,-
I
T' %
w
> ->
~
-t\-

\;" - _.
Le/1: Sissy Spncrh
[H Vl l'tIll' l(]IAl'IlCC _,
whielt plays njflter
CARRIE persona, as
. .- ' . - ~
. ~

-.4 P
she watches the nil!- I .,.v -- ~ -
no * "_
birllt 0/ Rule: child
and refuses lo go for
-

4* _
_,s
. ~__
5
__,
t-
~

a dnclv. Odd make-

D
up and hnirtlrcssirt,
and S P an-I: '1 rigid
budy mun-meals
"
"

add In the scene: - -

disturbirtg quality. '_.v_.'.v ~

.,,,_Ft_ .

3 WOMEN
cial features that made them look like throughout. bringing cyclic feminine asso~
3 WO.\lliN A 20th Century-Fox Release. ciations floating to tlte surface. Sot1'tC~
4/77. I22 minutes. Del.uXe Color. Pro- birth-related twins. For photographs they
sometimes donned identical clothing. tintcs this is accotnplished with a watery
clucecl, written and directed by Robert scrim overlay on the bottom half of the
Altman. Music by Gerald Busby. Art di- Identities merge in dreams. Identities
merge itt ii \\'().\ll'li\', based on Robert frantc, moving like a tide, similar to those
rector, _]amcs D. Vance. Edited by Dennis devices imitating tidal waves which are
Hill. Director of photography, Chuck Ro- Altman's dream. I was in financial trou-
sher. Visual consultant._]. Allen llighfill. ble," said Altman. I needed a picture sold as novelties.
the hospital. The three women are Millie, Millie and
Sound. _]im Webb. Chris Mcl.-aughlin. As- very badly. My wife was in l just dream- \\'illie, a name-game not unlike the way
sociate producers. Robert l-Iggenweiller, Everything was shaky. And
all of characters were named in Altman's l.\l-
Scott Bushnell. Makeup, Monty West- ed tltis lm, as a film. l dreamed title, the .\Gl-LS. The childlike linky Rose says her
more. Murals by Bodhi Wind. Production it-the locations. the cast, the
theme. There was no third woman in the real ttame ts Mildred. The rose tn an an-
executive, Tommy Thompson. in rub mm
dreatn. There were Shelley Duvall and cicnt symbol of set"retya.sRosicrncians.
Sissy Spacek becoming thrce women. ln aitd the rosy cross of the
Millie Lammoreaux . . . Shelley Duvall
Pinlty Rose. . . . . . . . . . . Sissy Spacek the writing of the outline the
third wo- Duvall is .\lillie Lantmoreatix, who has.
Rule man, the Janice Rule character. just perhaps, borrowed hcr identity frotn her
Willie llart , . . . . . . . . . ._]anicc
previous rootttmate, Deidre. The root of
Edgar Hart . . . . . . . . .Robert Fortier imposed herself.
The film makes its own transformation the word "twin" means two strands
Mrs. Rose . . . . . . . . . . . Ruth Nelsott twisted together," and the l'ilms main
john Cromwell -from a near ANNIE HALL-like look at
Mr. Rose . . . . . . . . . .
feminist extrap- two characters, both transplanted Tcxatts
Polly . . . . . . . . . . . . Leslie Ann lludson cultural conditioning to a
. .Patricia .~\nn lludson elation that has more in common with in California, are "doubles" of the ac-
Peggy . . . . . .
the science fiction of Joanna Russ than tresses, as r.t-vealed by the names of their
Ms. Bunweill. . . . . . . . . .Sierra Lecheur Mclies hotnetowns. Millie is from Houston, as is
Dr. Maas . . . . . Craig Richard Nelson the usual American film. Georges
Do\'all. linky says she lived near Long-
. .
fetnale counterpart \vas :\liCe Guy Blache
(no one seems to know for view," site of Spacek's hometown, Quit-
Roy is not as Thinnes Shelley Du\'all. who may idea man.
and a_]OURl\'l-.\ TO lllF. F.-\R SIDE Oi" surc) deserve credit for creating the
tell stories, and Pinky, described by Spacek as a blank
THE SUN wouldn't net as many doppel- that film could be used to Melies, direct- page, begins work as the Desert Springs
gangers as 3 \\'().\ll-LN, a visionary tale of who, in the same period as
ed fantasies. mysteries and Poe adapta- Rehabilitation and Geriatric Center where
cosmic twinning. The notion of cosmic Till-I old person is paired with a young
lN each
twins or time twins"people unrelated tions, eventually producing about a woman attendant. llere l'inky meets
by birth but leading parallel liveshas YEAR 2000, science fiction
worltl ruled by women. Forgetting lllache Millie, fittds .\lillic.s lifestyle (no of constant
basis in fact (albeit unexplained except cottsunter chatter "perfect" one else
by astrologers) and also has relevance and its_own origins. the male-dominated
film industry has, for decades, devised bothers to listen) and begins to fill in the
here, especially so since Spacek and l)u- serve blanks. .\lillic lives at the Purple Sage
vall are the same age- 27. The German countless movies in which women
and ;\parttncnts itt at bright yellow bachelor
physicist Otto Hahn, who received the merely as backdrops. display fashions actions of girl apartment. linky eagerly moves in
19-H Nobel Prize for splitting the uran- skin or offer reactions to the
the women are not with Millie, immersing herself in .\lillic's
ium atom, was born March 14, I879 ~the melt. stories where life, borrowing her possessions, her Social
same day Einstein was burn. One of the part of the plot but are "furniture," as in
llender- SOYl,F..\"l' GRICILN. Security nutnber and eventually her
most curious cases is that of_lean natnc.
son and joyce Ritter. Both were horn in ln Ii \\'()MilN it is mmt who are cast as
sex ohjectsrelcgatcd to the background Also employed at the DSR.-\(i Center
the same five minute period on February alcohol, are the identical twins, Peggy and Polly,
20. 1947, in a White Plains, New York where they role-play with guns.
that who pcrsooify thc filttt's mystical exten-
fathcrs who held simi- uniforms atttl motorcycles. unaware
hospital. Both had The sioos of doppelgangcrs. reflections. rc-
lar jobs at the same airport. Five children their authority is being usurped. placements, matches aml shadow ilIt;t_t;t's.
were in each family. When _]tan and central tnale figure is I-Zdgar llart central
involved with all |ts an ancient theme, and twins have
Joyce were six, they began living next because he is sexually as a boozing turned up in countless horror and fantasy
door to each other. causing a great deal of three women. lle is depicted
motions pictnres l).'\RK lNl'RUI)I-LR.
confusion in the neighborhood and at frontiersman with no frontier left
to con-
ersatz cowpoke, uselcsslcftov- Till". DlN\\'lCll ll()RR()R. Till; O'l'll-
sChool~-for they had nearly identical fa- quer, an a
llR, SlSTi-'.RS and more.
er from the West with a phoney nt;tscu-
line movie-style banter that rings hollow leggv and |'ollv ttsuallv glance around,
toss t-lit-ir hair and walk iii t-otal synchron-
by From the beginning. water flows

.
42
 D

:. . .a visionary tale of cosmic twinning.

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43
 sl't'Il|'S [mm
:1Ll.l:'()RO NON
TR()I'I'(), now in
rrlmrr h_\~ Spcc|'alt_\'
Films.l.|'l'l: The cu!
/mm l~'ulsr 1'risli"'
rrni.-nibvrr ilx Itmnr
us |'I turd In lun/t. 11
Jfidlllt! All vscala
luv lends lu pcrdi-
liun and the moulh
uffltr I)et'|'I in "The
l"|'n'hir|1. " Riglt I:
.41ttmurual!n'tuj'
businrrs jrum lin-
jiimlc S|'I"|tIlf.
ALLEGRO NON 'l'R()lP() .~\ Specialty
Films Release. 9/77. 75 minutes. Del.uxe
Color. Produced and directed by Bruno
Bozzetto. Screenplay by liozzetto, Guido
hlanttli, Maurizio Niehetti. Animators,
Bozzetto, Giuseppe Lagana, Walter Cia-
vazzuti, Giovanni Ferrari, Gianearlo Cere-
da, Giorgio Valentini, Guido .\lanuli, Pao-
lo .-\lbicoeco, Giorgio l"'<irlani. Animation
and special effects photography, Luciano
.\lar1.etti. l.i\'e action photography,.\lario
Masini. Live action assistant director,
Maurizio Nichetti. l-lditing and sound ef-
fects. Giancarlo Rossi. Music by the Ber>
lin Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert \'on
Karajan, conductor: Prelude to .-\fter-
noon of a Faun" by Claude Debussy,
Slavic Dance No. 7" by .-\ntonin Dvor-
ak, "Bolero" by Maurice Ravel, "Valse
Triste" (Sad Waltz) by Jean Sibelius.
Concerto in C Minor" by Antonio \ival-
di, The Firebird" by Igor Stravinsky.
Cast: Maurizio Niehetti, Nestor Garay,
Maurizio Micheli,.\laria Luisa Ciozannina.
Italian with English sub-titles.
l am, happily, unafraid in calling .~\l.-
Ll-LGRO NON TROPPO the most irnpor-
tant animated feature film in years, at
least measuring up to early Disney, and
far surpassing anything done in the fieltl
since YELLOW SUBUARINE H968). lt
l redefincs the art of commercial anima-
tion. Italian producer/director Bruno
Bozzetto does more than just steal the
torch from the likes of George Dunning
and lleinz lidelman. H'e adapts a range of
styles under one conceptual umbrella and
allows his composition to spill onto a
campagrtn irtfirtile with imagination. But
in structuring the film asa satire of F1\N-
TASIA, setting six animation sequences
to classical music, Bozzetto cannot avoid
an invariable schizophrenia in his work.
He obviously respects Disney, yet the
film works lcss as a parody of FAN-
l TASIA than as a showcase for Bozzetto,
whose vision does not adjust to Disney's,
even metaphorically.
Framing sequences filmed in tonal
by
44
ALLEGRO NON TROPPO
black-and-white set-up each section of
animation. There is something uncotn-
fortable about these set-nes. funny as
they are, yet tltey are absolutely rrttcial
to tlte equilibrium of the filln. Bozzetto
sets up the proverbial orchestra in a pure-
ly Fellini-like visualization of old wonten
decked out in outlandishly tacky garb,
blowing sloppily on tonedeaf horns. The
Maestro is portrayed by at puffy, gro-
tcsque ltalian actor. Perhaps Bo7.7.etto
should have reserved making fun of l"'el-
lini for his next filtn: the strangeness of
the live-action characters mixes up the
concepts. Still, the framing are an effcc-
tiye combination of li\'e action with aniv
mation, where cartoon and reality do, as
l'm sure Bozzetto \\-ottltl like to have it,
merge inawhirl\\'intl of fantasy.
lloz/.etto is 39 years old, based itt .\li-
lan. ltaly, and produced his first cartoon
feature, T.-\lUM, in l9:'wN. llis first filtn
released in the United States, \\'l-ZST .-\Nl)
SUI).-\ U965). was lost in a distribtttion
shuffle, but he has not gone unnoticed.
Once a student of famous linglisb anima-
tors John llalas and _]oy liatchelor (.~\N|-
l\l;\L l";\Rhl), llozzetto now owns a pro-
tluction company with associate Guido
.\lanu|i (who also worked on .4\LLl-IGRO
NON 'l'ROll()). llis short subjects have
been seen in various International Tour-
nees, and his most recent short, OPICR.-\
(I973), is included in a package circulat-
ing on PBS as The International .\l\irn:.t'
tiun Festival."
The recurring thematic statements in
Bozzctto's work, frequently about hu-
manity and concern for our planet, justi-
fies his use of surrealistic imagery. In Ol-
ERA, for example, a demented Fiagro
paints Death over New York City, its
harbors soaked in disease, polluted
plague, as the Statue of Liberty sings her
song of dispair through a gasmask. ln ano-
ther film, SELF SERVICE (1972), vora<
cious mosquitoes parody man's insistence
upon wasting natural resources.
The initial calculation in sending-up
FANTASIA is Bozzetto's conceit to tear
down the impunities found in commer-
cially animated films Disney could have
experimented uently with his technical
brilliance, yet he hcltl back, adhering
closely to a mass-market formula. l$o/.zet-
to has Disney's technical ktiow-lio\\' but
takes ltis creativity into areas of expres
sion where Disney would not h.t\'c ventur-
ed. Titus, the aging satyr from "l'relurlc
to .~\fternoon of a l"aun" etnerges as a
fantasy creation with an avid hun\;u1 de-
sire. lle lusts for the sexual attention of
young nymphs of the serene wootllaml,
and is as syntpathetie as he is pathetic.
Bozzetto also doesn't tnind letting the
housewifey honey bee in "\'l\;|ltll'.s Cun-
certo in C-minor" sting one of the gam~
lmling lovers right on the ass. And. in
"Ra\'cls liolcro." .t stark, frightening sa-
laant to Disney's Rite of Spring" seg-
tnent of l'.-\.\"li;\Sl.-\, tnan destroys the
last rc|nn.tnls of an emblematic animal
heritage in 1| stinging indictment of hu-
tnan evolution and savagery.
"Bolero" is the film's most oulstantl
ing segment, depicting a surreal evolution
from the energi'!.e<l residue inside an old
Coke bottle to the age of dinosattrs and
beyond. liven the horror and primeval
imagery of this sequence has its own
special elegaitcc. The golds and browns
eareen off of red-tipped mountains and
shatter through the dense, grey air of ann
tlter era, settling on the rain-drenched
earth inhabited by the denizens of an-
cient, craggy landscapes. The dinosaurs,
after having braved a severe storm and
the volcanic upheavals of their prehistor-
ic terrain, enter a city of moving sky-
scrapcrsthe cetnent monstrosities rise
from the ground in a seeund's notice,
murdering the pitiful animals by shearing
through them mercilessly. From the solid
mass arises a mile-high human figure. lts
face is human, but wait. . .it cracks apart
from within. revealing the luathesolne
living head of an ugly ape, leering mis
chievously, a leader over a land of a new
humanity. The sequence is a masterpiece
of charged cmotionalism, one Disney can-
not match for impact and sheer dynamic
force.
Not that there is a need to defend Boz
zetto against Disney. The fact remains
that Disney and his crew filled 5 need for
articularly produced, professional anima-

Z.
/-<
.~,\/J
,_.
It redefines the art of commercial animation.
tion at .1 ti111e when .11h1lt" e.11't111111s did
not 1-\tst. .\'\11'l1 was l)is11e\"s positive i11-
fhtetn 1- tl1.1l eqnall\' prufieient artists like
.\l.1s and l).1\'1- l-leisrlter fell to the 11.11
side. 'l11d.1\'. the l)isn1-1- stndios have 11-1t
\\'itlt1l1'.1\\'11front tl1e r11i1gn1.1 tl1ey'\'e1're.1t
e1l for tl1e111se|\'es. l'l1ei1' f11r1nnlapirtnres
furre \('\tll' lin1it.1tions 1111 their 1'reati\'-
it\. B11//.e1|11 displays the e11er14\'.1111l11ri-
1;in.tlit\' llis|1e\' 11t11'el\a1l_ \\l\l('lIl\lT1\LllllI
senility 11\'er tl1e years. (Zreat talent .1~
hotlttds i11 .1ni|n;1ti11n today [Bo|1(11dre'.
Peter l~11l1les, \'11ji Knri, I11 11at1te inst .1
few). l111t none has p1-otltieetl as impresr
si\'e :1 work .1s.\l.l.li(iR()X().\' TRUl'l().
llu/.m'lttt is gutsy i11 apprnarltitig l1is 111.1-
teri.1l, .111d is ;1l1le to rotnniettt on more
tl1,1n d.1n1'ing alligators or talking deer.
.-\ final pr11l1le1nwit|1 .\l,l.l-l(R() .\'0.\'
'lR(lll() is its ending. lt is tla/.7.ling, re-
ntarkal1l1' interestinig, and e11111pletel' in
11n11prel1e11sil1le. In it, the .\laestro intro-
dttres a li\'e~.11'ti11n rltaraeter to eliuuse a
finale, there l1ei1ng no tratisitional method
to end tl1e filt11. Tl1e;1etion shifts to .1 pair
of lovers, one of wliom, the woman, eon
tinn.1llt' throws the same retttrnittig man
nff l1erl1al1'o11y. .\ see11t1dfi11.1le shows an
npera singer l1itti11g;1hi1;l1 note. while, un
another planet, a monkish wise ma11
rlasps his ears in ;1n11oya1\ee. \\'e are then
hotnharded with a stieeessinn of unrelated
earttiott one-liners: .1 hamster views tnan 11
on a treadwheel, a wontan pieks a flower
whieh, i11 retaliation, huries her, ete. The
skits are amttsitig, hut forsake .111 earlier
e1111ti11t1it' in hopes 11f a quirk laugh.
.\lttt"l1 of the film is full of virtues, 11nt-
weitthing wl1ate\'er strttetttral uhstaeles
lluzzettu ratinot hurdle. Foreniost, there
is the atiimation. F;\l\"l;\5l.'\ was an a<'-
ceptahle "trip" for liead-sters of the last
l two tleeades; .4\LLl-LGRO NON TROl'l'()
is a liealthy overdose. lt uverexteiids
mood, pare, a|1d e11lor-and fares well in
its ittdulgeiwe. The classical music is fam-
iliar, ranging from "ll11lero" to l)\*nr.'1k's
Slavic l);1nee N11. 7," "The Sad Waltz"
hy Sibelius, and The Fire Bird." The or-
eltestratiutts are, i11 retrospert, nothing
speeial. though somehow ahle to give in1-
pettls to Bu7.7.ettn's illusions. At least
three srenes will linger i|1 my memory.
,/4
-_-in Y
U111 is the tin.1l shut f1-11111 the l'a1111
.\'l'L{l"l'I\l, when .1 11111111; tgirl l1ei111;1'lt.1se1l
I11 the \.ll\l lies tluwn i11 .1 s11l11ly 1;1'ee11-
lined tne.11l11\\'. Sheslowly1liss11l\esi11111.1
11i1;l1t skv -1\'1'1'l1e.11l. 1usn1i1all\' 1lri|1pi11_t;
into the dusk. .1111l tlte11 dissol\'i111; intu
the lltilliutis of stars of the |1ea\'e11s. This
goes l1r\'11n1l ly1'i<'.1l; it is |1.1ssi1111.1te and
sentient, as if \\.1trl1i111; .11n.1ssul\1111'u11r
tlinated tolurs assin1il.1te tlten1.sel\'1-s onto
.1 1'.1n\'a.\'. forniinig.1paititinu.
.\ seeoiid st't't\t' uf reqitisite l1e.1nt\ 111*
enrs in "Tl1e Sad \\.1lt1.." wherein a lonely
Ke.111si.111eye1l l111t1se1'.1t s\1n'eys its on<'e~
happy tw11~st11ry honie, nuw .111 ;1l1.n11h111
ed, w.1rt11r11 skeleton of .1 l1t1ihli111;. \\'itl1
all 11f its dreams and p.1st 11l1liter.1ted, the
.1|ti1n.1l senses its own existenre wasted
witliottt tl1e love and <11tnl'urt of human
ity. Standim; witle-eyed. gazintg into a11
enintionless eatnera. it hears tl1e a|>pr11ael1
of an 11tnit111us ste.1msl111\'el; shortly, even
the gutted t111nl1 of its ine.n1des1'e1tt 1111-111-
uries will l1eren1o\'etl. I-rnxen in tin1e, tl1e
rat disappears. lt;I\lI\g, like the (Iheshire
Cat, .1111111tli11e.'l'l1at. too, gratlitally melts
away. \\'itl1 this inrretlil1l1- shot. lloz/.ett11
makes us realize a sense uf loss whielt is
l1e.1rtfelt.
.-\ third extra11rdin.1ry scene takes
plaee during The lire Bird" entry. In it,
the snake froni the (iarden of l~'.1lr11 has
e.1te11 the f11rl1idden fruit. lt t11ml1les
through .1 myriad of futuristic psy1'l1e1lel-
ia: a room of w.1ll-to-w.1ll tele\'isio1ts site
11aI responses tn "sex."f11o1l."a111l"\'io-
le11ee;" the snake is tted witlt a11 unruttt
fortahlt Chesterfield sttit and ntatelting
tie. sent on an assenihlyline of disjointetl
hands wl1iel1ititnxieateit with stiekly syr~
inges; the rewards of religion. a rruekpot
of gold eoin. empties into a11 open donie
of a Byzaittine eathedral. I11 the end, the
exl1attste<l and disigttsted snake, liaving
witnessed all the snfferitng .11t1.l false joys
of humanity. t'11t|t1l\S-llp the apple and
leaves it with a e1111f\t.se1l Adam a|1d l-Ive.
The transgression thrmtgh this weird
world of artificial stimtilations is, to |loz-
zetto's credit, sttstained mania. The epi
snde hegins with an engaging nse of elay
atiimation. depicting God's e11nstrueti1111
of Man and \\'t1n1a11 fro111 "seratel1," first
U
ml 1f?
_
K.
-1 I
1/
hnihlinig .1 h.1111l .1111l luot ]oin1-d as 11111.,
tl1e11 twu arms .1111l legs \\'lIlIHlll .1 head.
.111d so forth.
l{11t1ndin1.gtlti111gs ull'11i1ely is .1 rnte l1it
ahunt 1u11fur111it1' set 111 "Sla\'i1 l).1111e
No. T," with .1 .\l.lll-\l.lQ.|/lIll"l'|ll' e111li111;
that works as .1 ntultil.11'ere1l joke about
tl1e ntilitary. ittt\1iti\'e .1rro1;.1111e 11f 111.1113
mind. and plai11 old \-11l1;.1rit1'. lluv./.ett11
piles on tlte jokes pretty tl1i1 l; and fast;
that's tl1e puint. l-.1st l1t1t 11ut tun fast.
llo//.ett11 has the 1'.1p.11'ity t11sen'ettp1'ar~
1111111 1'.1\'i.11'. while l)is11e\' gives us steak
and klnt/es like ll.tksl1i1.111l1arel\'ntt1ter
.1 salad. Tl1e 1'le\'er11es.s is se1l111ti\'e. the
teniperanre prodigal.
Te<l1|ti<'.1l 1're1lits are untsta111lin1_;. l';1s-
tels are 11\'erwl1el1ning, haths of pris|nali1'
l1ar|n11ny. Sight and sunnd fills the mind
and l have 1111 tlunht niost \'iewers le.1\'e
the theatre with implaitted l111es ;1111l tin1'<
lures tltat, in their minds, retai11 the ftill
magie of the literally animatetl screen.
Rivers are an ainaleatn of shiny silver and
l1h1e reeetioits. radialintg like .1 half~sil-
\'ered mirror. The filttt is perfert tor el1il~
dren (if they .1re not liatnperetl by prn1l~
ish parents who may object t11 snttte art-
fttl nudity), as it lives as an 11ne111li111;l1ar-
r.t1;e 11f color and relr;1eti1111. The small
ones may not \1nder.sta111l the eon1plexi-
ties of llu1.zettu's 1'o1n111e11t.1r1', lllll that
is nut iniportant i|1 lie11 nl the startling
cartoon fal1rie.1tinns.
Lastly. .\l.l.l-.(iK() N().\' TR()l'l() has
l1ee11 praised l1y reviewers in 111.1113 cases
for the \\'r1|tIt; reasutts. Their premature
eritiral eiaettlations of 1l;1ssir" and "The
New l)isney" miss the si1;11ifira|1t'e of
ll11zzetto's film. To say tl1at he replaces
Disney is l111n1l1.1stie liyperliule. l11 tr11tl1,
Bozzetto merely outshines a Disney of
the sixties and se\'e|1ties. Disney may have
l1ee11 a master of the art f11r|n;B<1/.zett11 is
a11 apposite eomparison. .~\l.l.l1(JR() NON
TR()l'l() is not so mn1:l1 a elassie as a
latidmark. Let it pave its way towards :1
superior titiderstaiitling of the animated
form i11 film. llopefully, and soon tuu, we
will he ahle to gaze npon more talents
like llozzetto. filling our need for unique
and positive euntributiuns front the field
of commercial animation. I
45
l
'I'II!. lIII.!.S ll.-I I'I-.' I-. )'I~..\'
'l'lll'l llll.l.S ll.-\\'ll l'.\l.S ;\ \';iiiqii.inl
Rvlc.is1'. l()/TT. lii (Iulur. ST Il1lIl\ll(.
I'rmlii\'v:il hy l'rii'r Lin k1~.\\'riiicn.i|iilili
rcciml hy \\'cs (ll'1\\'L'l1. \\'iili: Siisini l.;i-
nivr. Ruhcri lluiisiuii. .\l.iriin Spm-r. \'ir-
giiiiu \'inii-ni,_|.|iiics \\'liii\\'urlli.
l-'nr his I\\'\\' film (ihc iiilu is iiussilnly .i
jnkv un 'l'lll-. .\'Ul'f\'l) OF .\ll'Sl(I's Sllgilf
cuziiml suing lyrii), \\rs (Ir;i\'cn niiiy nni
again lI'.l\L dug lI\lii lh-rgniziii fur his siury
(us hc lll(l fur l9T'_"s l..~\.\'l' ll()L'Sl-. ().\'
'llll". l.l'.l~"l). hul l\iI\\ his wuik is lILlli'l
cmilrnllml. .iiiil hcriiiisc ihu \\-liulv h.is .i
smisi: of siriiriiiru. ll\L' lH)I'Yi)I'/llS|ll'lll
iynrks mun' i'ffm'ii\'cly. (lliyiinisly. lIIiH'i'
muiicy \\'.l$ spviii. ;in1l ihc .\l(;.\l cnlnr
prnccssiiig hvlps iininrnsuly. l'hu sinry.
hii L'UI\lTl\t'll in sci up lhi: iiiiii.il ])Il'II\i$(,
tunccrns 1| iniilii~gmicr.iiiuii f.iiiiily iyhn
are sinnulml in ilivir car and lI;llll'Y iii ihu
LltSk'Yl llllkl ;|l'l slim-ly \l\'lilI1llL\l lay Ll
group uf ilcscri ir.i/iii-s. This is nnr nl ll\l'
fciy |'l'l'L'lll liurrur films ili.ii is pm-f.iiiiily:
ihc \'.i1:iliuiiinq fziniily. wliu lminl ligliily
l
inguilirr in fiiglii hm k, is i'l.|ssic.ill\' .\ini'r-
iuin. .'\l\1l \\'lllI ll\i' hi-1|: uf UHC of ihuir
Rin Tin 'liii~lilu' fziniily pcis. iriiiiml fiurru
l
|m_iim'iuruml.ii;|'vssnrlilii'n'l|ys.i\'iiigihc
l\\ll\\;lIl suinr lilimillciiiiiiii. ihvy L'\'l'Hl\\-
ailly win. .ililiuiigh ii llll i.ikcs ll iull. In .i
ciiriuiis ll\i|l('L', (Ir.i\'i'n l\;l l!l.|(lL' ll\t i'r.i~
xii-s iiiiu .i f.iinily .is \\'l'll siiiipnsmlly .i
lIYl'lll'|' chilil ll.l$ igrnnn up. ;|l>kl\lill\l ;i
pmsiiiiilc. .inil sirml .iii ii<liliiiun.ill\' ininr
sirmis Il\;\ll <l\liI, \\lllI .iiiuihi'r nffspriiiig .i
girl whn ilm'i<h-s In hi-lp ihr hiini.ins. li's
all hi/zirrv Q--inq mi a llIlI\\l\llk lcvcl; ihc
scruml Qk'I\l'f.lll(Ill, \i:i ihcir lI\\l\ ingi'ii\i-
iiy. rlu.nly |'ini'n;cs llll \i'[i|Y/\l!\'l\'lIf in
mu Ii f.imily. lliii un .i l7lU\>(l-1\l\\l'\1\llS ivy-
i'l. sinw (Ii.i\'mi is prim'i|i.ill\' -\ ll\lL'Hll'll
mliinr. llll film l\\iI\'\'S .iluni; (|\llll siii.ni-
ly.
Ihiriil I171/liIIlIIIli'IA'
'l'lll". lll.\.\"l'().\l ll.\R()X .-\ l{.iyiimiiil
Ruliniicr RL'l&'.l$l'. I2/77(c~l1fl. In lll.n"l; K
\\'hiii'. 98 miniiii-s. Prmliirml hy (Iinisnr
1.
iiiim ilc l'rmliii'liniis ilu lilins. l.ii'is. l)i~
rcciml hy Si.-rgc ilc lulii;iiy. Scrm-n|il.iy lay
(lc l<:lii;ny \\'lll\ iliulugiic hy _]c.iii (Inn
lL1l\l. \\'iih: _l<';in (lurii-.iii. .-\l;iin (Iiiny_
Oilvliv _|ny<'iix, v];lll}' llnli, Cl;\\Hll' Sinn-
yail. .\iiilri' l.1'f.nir. (}.ihrii~llc lhirziiii.
46
-
.\l;ulc in lEH.!, hiii l\('\\'l\' Cupyrigliiml
unil rclmisml by Raiyniuiiil Rnh;iiii:r. iliis
is u rmiirirkiihly i'ffm'ii\'c cx.iiiiplc uf ;i
scrm-ii f.iiry i.ili-. \\'riiimi ;iml \llfCLlC(l hy
Scrgc kll Puligiiy. \\'lll\ iliiilugnc liy _]miii
(Iucimiii. ihc film .i|su scrvcs .is ii mniicisr
'll'klll;llli\I\ mi (lniliir si rccn vffccis. 'l'lir:
npmiing Stl|\ILlIL'k, highly Ii'l11l|\l$(Cl\l of
X()Sl~'l.R:\ll. l'nllm\'.s .i lI(\Tl~(l!'.l\\'Il
in an m'ric Lll1|l\.L|\l
LUJ&'ll h;irn~lling up
iindcr grey. ilmiil-limkiiig skics. lnnigcs
fnllmv likr .i r;ii.iliiigi|c: .i sinisivr. ciiri
SI.'f\.llll limping \\'lllI .\ pi!-lvg, crmikiiig
(l<Hll'5, .| liuiyliiig \\'ll\il. J i'rm~piiii; l>l;irk
cal. ll siniiigc l\iilll(|H1\l1 \\'hn (llSil|I]1('l\YS
fruin his lnrl-<ml ln.-ilrnuiii.
l.l\lI' nn. uficr ilr Puliigiiy has <lu\'i-lup-
ml his plol. \\-1' !l'l\l\ in ilir Gniliir iii zi
l.l\L'\l-lll;i' L'l|\l(.'Il(( ih;il is ilic ciiiuiiuniil
Lllltl siylisiir liiglipuiiii uf l.l\l' filiii. This
iiinc, lum.iiisi' uf ilic kll\'i.'liIp|IILIIl gi\'v:n
In llIL' i'li.ir.iricrs. iii p.iriii'iil;ir. ;i q.nnc-
kccpcr. .i in-;ililiy girl. Allhl hcr pour li.ilf-
sistcr. huili nf \\l'llIl\l lic has zrmyn up
\\'iih. ihc .\".iim' kinil nf ((iuihir) lll\;|_\1lS
.irc imhiiml \\'llll ;iii lI\ltII\Ll\' ruiimiiiir
SL'I\S(' ih.ii is nuiliiiii; Slhirl of lXlT;l\lfillH-
.iry. J5 llh' qsiiicki-i~pi'i'. slri-p\\.ilkiiii;.
(.|l'Tll ufl ihc rirli \\'4II1l.lIl ivlinin lic
ihinks hu lines. l\('l' \\l\ll(' \1li\\'l\ fliiii<'i'iin;
i1liusi~lilu~ ilirungli .i Illiliil1llglIl'lil'l\.{lIlll\-
ml scrii-.~ -if Ihllllhll >'\lllH\llI\llIli_{S, unly in
find .is hr I'l'.\(lIL'S his cuiiiiigr \li.ii shr has
inziigiiuilly i'li.ini.!cil inin ihc |llIiIl girl. lll(
mic hr iriily luvrs: (hr iln-.iin yisiuii iisml
.is S\ll)tilllS\lii\|a iriiih.
(Incl:-;iii's |lI'l.\i'll< u in llli film kl('lll'l\'
l'Xl(lIL.l.\' lii-ymnl lll.|l<\g\lC'\\'l'llll\\1 (.inil
playing llll iiiiil.ir lMliIl\. \\'liu ri-.i|i|ic.irs
;|l ihv film's rliin.ix lu<ll.|I\gi'\l1'Sliill'.'$, in
f;iiry lill(' llisliiuii, .|iiil ilimi rriiiiihlcs llllil
ilnsi). lluih in ihr lush spiriimliicss ufiliv
A. film, .iiid iii spri ifiis likr ihv ilcsiigii uf
ihc uiikcpi Ll\llll'.\\l wiih fiingcrs nf \'inrs
puking ilimiigliiisinim'ii>i's.iii1l1-xicriurs.
iliis film St\lh_s iiniliing loss ili.iii .i ]7f.lt'-
iirc riin fur (Iucic.iii's ign-.ii ll]-..\l"l'\'
.\Nl) 'l'lllz Bl-..\.\"l'. wliirh hr will iiiiikr
i
full! yi-.|rs l.iim'.
I)lIi'flI Iinrllinlimirzv
Wgwj l 7?
'l'lll-. (I(),\'I-'l-..\'.\'lU.\.\l. .\ii .-\il;is l'ihns
R1.-lc.|si~. .'i/TT(iT(i]. In (Inlnr. I015 niin-
\ll('. lrmliirml .iml \lll\'l'llll hy lviur
'IIII' I'II.'|.\'l'H.\I Ii.-iRII.\'
L \
_
l '
,i
>
l'III-. (.'U.\'H-..\'.\Ilr.\'.-ll.
\\'.ill-u-r. Srrm-iipl.iy hy l);i\'i<l \li'(;illi\'rai'.
\\'iih: .'\llllN|l\\' Slurp. .\'\is;iii lciili.iligim,
Sn-|ili.inir lh~.irli.iin. .\'uriii;|n lislilvcy. .\lcr-
\'yii_]nlnis. Shriln Ki-ilh.
Tin" films of Ilriiish linrrur \\lll figure
luii- \\';ilkur iisi|.illy igm ;i spzirsc cx|iluiia-
iiun l'l'll';|$L' l\t'l(', us this. his I976 clluri
ll()l'Sl'I 0|-' .\l()R'l.\l. Sl.\'. rvlmisml un-
LlL'!' its uriiginiil slinniiiig iiilv hiii L\\l\'(l'll-
ml ;is l)l-).'\'l'll'S l)()()R. \\'riiicn hy liis
iisiml l'iIl\(I!'l l).l\'lll .\lr(ii|li\'r.iy, .iml pm
(l\li'lil llllll ilirm'iml liy \\;ilkcr. ihr lilm is
;i yiriilciiily ;inii(I.iiliulic i-xvriisc in i
iyhirli ;in nlil pricsi (.\nihuiiy Slurp)
lil.|L'lU\\;\il$ yniiiiig fCll1;|ll ]lJl'llI\Ill(f liy
i;i|n- rvmiriliiig ihvir i'mil'i~s.siuiis. \\'lirii;i
yuiing iirivsi l)(l'\>l11l uiriuiis ;il>i>iii liim. '
Slmrp gncs lirrsrrk ;inil In-gins killing. us-
ing. .iiiiniiig uilicr rliiirrlily ll('lS. an in-
ll'l\SL' hiirncr in lI;lllL'l nnv \'llllI\'| in
ilmiili. .i rns.iry in .sir.iin;h- ;ll\(|ll\i.'f. .|inl;i
|HIliIl\lil llusi fur .i llllfll, ihv l1|lll'f1lPJ\-
iiviiliirly n;isiy cum L'|\llilIl. .\ll iliis iin-
.ih;|sliml flL'lllll$l\llCS is ilmic \\iih a
sir.iii;hi f.i< .inil ihc film is clvvvsrly pui
1:.
im;i~|lim' illlll p.nml sn .is in iniiiimi1.c uur
ilishi-Iii-|'. \\'.ilkcr )il.iys liniii.igi~ In his lini-
rur ln|'lw.ii's ilii~n~'s 1| lurking Si'l\'.il1l
iyiih .i glass ryv who iiirns uill In l)l'
jiliml girlfrimiil Iimin iliiriy yc.irs
Sli.ii'p's
liclbrc. .inil ilivri-'s .i \'ll'l\|.|l r.ii;ilni;i|c ul
lliirliiurk .inil ll\('|IIks, in
l|'.|ill'l\\.\Tl'S
i'hiiliii_i; ilir riilirc
si'Xii.|l \\'\'ll lli;il .|(-
ruiiiiis fur Sli;ii'|i's \\'.|Y]lt'(l l)l'l\1|\'llIf ;\l\\l
.in .ii'uniip;iiiyiii_i; .ihiiur|n:il ninilicr/snii
l'\'l.|ll4ilL\l\l|I ili.ii so ufu-ii in lliiclimcl,
lL'|ll In ll\llHll'!' nr, ;ii ll\\' limisi, in-iimsis.
_i
. 'l'|iv: hunk of ihr lilin is qiiiic l\l\'l'. \\'ill\
rnlnr plmiu_igi';i|1liy lay lrim'_]cssnp. .iml is
;ihu\'c .i\'vi'.ii:1'. l\l'I\ lay liriiish si.iii~
il.irils. 'lhc ailing is wry qmul llIllllil.
\\lll\ Slurp siilkiiig .ilunii likv ihu wry
ilvvil. .\'\is.i|i l'rnli.ilii1uii AS ihr ciirrciiily
lLl"I'\bl'l7.(ll liuruim'. ;ll\(l Siqiliiiiiiv lh-.|<li-
ill, whu h.is iyisuli i;r.nl\i;i|ml, iinlikv. siiy
_]n;ni (Inlliiis, from \'irgin.|l hrc.iilili"ss hcr~
uincs in (Il(ll'l qirlfrimiil mlcs. Tliv: LlHlll\2
jiisi riils nff. \\-iih ihc lllll) <lII\\'il\('iII\{l)'
pui uff .iiiil Slurp llIll'(' .ig;iin inking ulf
_' ziflrr l'riili.ilii;nii. ihis iiinc iiiiiiiipmlcil.
Thu .il>i'ii|nin-ss iniplirs ihc iln|iiiii.nim- ul
i-\'il wiiliuiii riailly liziyinig [<1 slimy ii. iisii~
.illy ilir inisi.ilu- of "ills ilircly ppssiiiiisiii
hnrrnr films.
I)i1:-i':l Ilurllmlnnirw
 CO.\l.~\ [.\licl1;1cl (irirlitonl l11itt'tl:-\rtists Big \\;1tt'r. sloppy 11.1w :1n1l tlioroiiglily
2/78, 1\l1'tro1'olor. H3 1ni11. With: Gene
1ic\'t' lhljoltl. .\lit'h:1cl Douglzis, Rivlurtl
plltllC|;tlIlL clim:1x 1|u.1lil') this :1s (|llLlL'l{ l
nost:1lgi:1. lYnlort11t1:1t1- l11~<":1\1st~ .\1~\\-lzinnl
\\'i1l|n:1rk. "(Irichto11 finally gets lu play
h:1s :1l\\':|1s lu'1'11 1111 iiitcrvstiiig,il'11111~\'1*11.
i11 :1 hos|tit;1l. and pvrlunns t'xtcllt'nl
sur- ruiitriluitur to tl11' qvurc i.1'. 1EITfl'5
gery on Robin Cook's lvustscllcr :1l1ot1t :1
hlatk n1:trkct i|1 urgzin tr:1nspl:1nts. Pon- l)().\"'l' llli .-\l"'R.'\ll) (H7 'l'lll-l l).'\RK.
lllTUll cxposition loppvtl off. r1:;1ms 111'
is
.\l:111yof tht oltl lll'.\'().\'l) 1'|1i.\'o1l1-s \\'t'rc
trxt :1r1' tlistillctl intu pithy :111tl cmirisc int<-lligrnt (who 1'.111 forget
i11\*<'111i\'1' .1n1l U
dialogtic Cctu'S, :1n1l (.onk s mvsd stlt<l<'11t The Sncrvtl .\l11sl1mo|11.' with .\'c\\'|.111tl
nhscssioli with lit-httlilling t1:cl1ni(:1I dou-
;1111l |1ro1l111'1'r (lollit-r Y1111111; :11't1|:1lly t'.1l-
lwlctulk is rinscnl uttl i11 (Irirl1ton's tight ing thc titlt-tl l'11n1g11so11~r;11111'r:1?), as wt-rc
No-I:1111l's spur.uli1' 1'o11tril111tio|1s to thu
:1111l :11lmirt1hlc srripting. The l1c:1\y n1c1li-
1';1l flzivurilig oc1':1siot1:1lly lukcs its loll ct|t1.1lly i11consisu'11t 'l'llRll.l.l~lR. But tl1is
t'ntr1' r1'sol\1's itsull .1s .1 svlf~ripolT this
rl1.1r:1r|cr\1'isv:'lilljt>ltl h:'_1;it1s ;1s :111 auto- |1ilnt' is
1n.1t1111 r;1tht'r tl1.111 ;1sscr|i\1'.' ititlircctly
:1 \'irt11.1l ru111:1k1- of .111 oriqi11.1l
lil-lY().\'l) svmiivitt tillnl "l'i1l:1l \\'.1\'t-'
;l\lSll\g .1 11.1st1' tl1cn1:1li1" mitl-film hrc:1k l1r11:11lc.1st i11 lfltitll" I11u/.\l. .\'uu1nmn
i11\\'lIlLlt the story must p11\tst' to illut11i-
n:1t1' hcr l111m;111ityl>11t thcn thv: super-
scienrc thriller t:1kr:s nwr, hurtling us Oll, (SUI)! |(Z.1rl Rcincrl \\'.1|111-r llms,
zuilh lhijohl into conl'ron1;1tio11s with :1 ltl/77. (ulnr, lU~l mi1111t1's. With: (Zcorgc
lc-cring hit m:1n. u grusnmv:ly rczilistit" clac- ll11n1s._|oh11 l)1'11\'cr, Trri G.1rr. "'l'l1v:l1cst
trortttioii :1111l r:1mp:111t p;1r:1noi;1 ;1s shc rust for :1ll\t'is|11 l'\'1- 1-1'1-r st-1'11. S;111|11' 'l'\'
, ' sitrotn huntnr l1:1sl11-1|\\'itl1 11.1i\c prol'u11
drlvcs into thr omi11o11s goiligs-1111 ;1t thc 'i tlitirs. l'm OK/Yo11'ru OK tl11~r:1py for thv
_]cl'lv:rso11 lnstitutt-_ with its :1licn :1111l .\T:<ll1'I'II.U'I'
spi|1cfr1-rziiiig ilisplny of 1'o111:11os1' l111|11:111
inzisst-s. who :1|1p:1rc111ly 1-iijoy living 1l1~~
\'cgt't:1l>lcstl1t- lmldcr for thu ill1~1;.1| or- l111l1'1l. R1-int-r's i111|1r1-.~:sim1 of I'/11' I'i1!11r1

{
pcrlmps futuristic (or .1lic11) 11-orltl :1|11l Imrizm (-'m_\' is mutt, l111t
g;1t1-running. Uittlcr (Iri1"l1to1\'s tlirccliuti
u_/ l1.1rtlly\\'urll1
tlcnst-ly p;1rn<lyi111; tho kind of l>;1t1.1li1y llIt' |1ri1'c11l' :11l111issiu11."
thr ti-clt1111loqit":1l 1ri\'i:1 carrics 11 11111111-y~ th:11 1l.1ily s11rro11111ls us :1n1l svt-111s to l1:1\'1-
llJ('l& q\|:1r:1nlt'c \\~hih: riulcly cxposing tl1- I-rwlt-rii"/1' .\'. (.'!ur/tr
potv1tti.1l for such pl1c11o111c11;1 to on-rr11l1'
hunmns .1ntl tltis film 1lc111o11str:1|<'s th.1t
l>c1'o111c the 1-111l-prmltlct of 1'i\'iliz:1tion.
llrspitc this l>1ttl_11t-1, l.yn1'l1's spt1i:1l vi
lt'1'ts,i|1<'l11dit1g:1 (m1'1'l1:1|1i1'.1l) ht'.1st/1'l1il1l
S'l'.\R lll.()'l [lit-lro l"1'.111risri] .\lo11:1rrl1
ll/T7(t'tit1), l-..1st111.1111'olor, K119-1) min-
LI-
the l1u111:111 v:l1:111<'11t :1s wt-ll will 1'1111|int1c
to s1~1-p tlirougli the 111.1t'l1in1'ry in (Iricl\t-
11nd some stop-niotion, ;1r1~ si111pl\ 1-xtr.1~
ordinary. 111111 the 1vl1ult' is gi\'ttt .1 strik~
1|t1-s. \\'ith: l.1'o|111r.1 R11l'l'. Kirk .\lurris.
(iorilnn .\lit<'h1'll. "l'..1rth sciciitists lm.1r1l
<
1111's film work. :1 l1it murc c:1t"l1 timr.
.-\ ingly :1l1sorl1i11g qu:1lit1' hi l"1'c1l lilincs :1 sp.11'1~sl1ip ;1111l l>l;1st ol'l' for thc ll11lr:1
cn111pctt'|1t, proll-ssio11;1lspccul;1ti\'ttl1rill- 111111 llt.'fl)LTl (I;1r1l\\'cll's lightinig .1ml
er, sometimes roltl, murc oftvn chilling. pl1o- t'(lll$lL'llillllllI; thcir ship is .111 .1l11|11in1111t
tograpliy, prol1:1l1ly thc fin:-st l1l:u"k-;1n1l- foil lt1llll;|l\lt'L; (luring ilt-1-11-$11.11 r1'p;1irs,
hut 1l:'fi|1i|t'ly ciigrossirig." Scltmv wliitc pltotograplty 1-
I)111~1- 1lu111- si111'1' tltv'~lUs. I thvy 111.1i11t;1in :1 1v1'i14l11lcss11t-ss 1'l'l'1-rt hy
:1m not 1::1sil1 gin-11 to n\crst:1t1:|111~|1t. 51-1: juiiiping ull tr.1111pnli11cs: thcy l.111tlo11ol1l
ER.-\Sl-.Rllli;\l) [D:1\*i1l Ly|1cl1| A l,ihr:1 this thing."
Film, lll/77, l>l:1tl-< & whitu, 90 minutt-s.
I).111'1I Ii.1r1I1.1I|1111v:1~ l'l,.'\.\'li'I' OF 'l'lll-1 \'.\.\ll'lRl.S scls; .111
.1li1'n l:1|1_1;11':11;c must hr 1l1'1'i]1l11~r1'1l. to
\\'itl1:>|oh11 Nzincc. Cliurluttc Sl1:w:1rl. .-\l-
l1-11 ]ostph. _]v::1n|1e lS;1tt's. "l'r11tl11u'1lo11
'llll~'. l.\'(IRl-.l)lllLl'l lll'l.K
|K1'11111'tl1 \vl1it"|1 unv 11p-:1t11l-<'11n1i11g sclt11l.1r t\'i:1 thc
:1 _]oh11son| CBS-'l'\', ll/77, t't1lt1T. H10 tltuitlly llnglish ilulihingl r1~n1.1rks Snuiitls
sliot-string with p;1rli:1l uid from tlu: .1\H, 111i11ut1~s. \\'itl1: llill Bixh1'_ S11s.111 S11lli\':1n.
this lilni is truc r:1rit1::1t1nrigi11;1l\\'ork likv B11lg.1ri.111;' thc plot ilisiiitt-_1gr:1tt's :1l'tcr
:1
Lou Ft-rrigiio, .l ark (Zol1*i11. Kviiiicth forty miiiutcs :1111l thc tlircctor invclits
that svcviniitgly has no :111u'cc1lc11ts i11 tlw |ol111sot1's|il11'r.1l:1l.1pt.1tion ol'th1: .\l;1r\1l I

grnrc. lt is|1<1t.1l1str:1t"t,l1ut ild1:cs:1(o- two or thrcc new tltlt' \\l\lt'lI pron-1-1| si-
(lotnics bclicmotlt is .1 li\'t'l)' ;1n1l c11u'r- 1111tl1;1t1vo11sly'. l"irst rv:lc.1s1'tl lt.1Iy as
hcrt-111 plot 1h:s1'riptio11. i11 l':1v:t, it tlclics t.1i|1i11g picrc of n1clo1lr:1m;1. licttcr lay f.1r
i11

1|:-srriptioii of .111) kind. lt is :11 011cc Z + :'1 .\ll.\'Sl()Xl~'. llYl)R.'\. Xl1>11.1r1'l1 l1;1s
tl1:11\ thc 1<1n1i1 hook itsrlf. llis 111"1\' :1n1l rut sonic 1-xpository s1'1'11cs fmin the rur-
sliocking and l'1|n11y:1111l is 1l1't-ply :1111higu- \':1stl1 more 1'l'l'v:1'ti\'v: origin of the llulk is
uus, not unlikv: rcnt tluhhul \'1'rsio11. which 1lo1's11't ht-lp.
lcryptogrtuit without
11 uitlctlliy Bill llixl1y's t'o|1vi11ci11g|mrlr:11';1l This film has rcpoitcilly hvun sl1o1\'n o11
clues. Prnd11tt'1l, tllH'('ll'(l, tlcsigiictl, writ- of l)r. l):1\'id llrttcc ll:111111r. who \\~l1vn .-\n1t-ric;111 1cl1*\'isio11. :1|11l, .1ltl1o1tgh the .11l
It-11 and 1-tlitctl hy l\u\'id l.ym'l1, the lilm pitmpcd full of g:1n1m;1r:11li;1tio11 turns i11-
1.-1'1:11|1' divitlcs its time l>t'l\\'Lc'|\ 11nl'li11t"l1-
c:111tp:1ign for thc tln-.1tri1'.1l version is
to :1 st-11-11-l<11>t-t:1ll, grccii-ski11111'1l Louis niru, thv lull ll-utttrv c:111't 1o111p1:tt- with
ingly 1lcscril1in_1; :1 hru1.1l. 11ight111:1rish, l"v:rrig11u. Susan Sulli\".111 rxrcls :1s l)r. its11\\'11tr:1il1-r." /1-V/]n'_\'I~'n~11!:t'n
1\l:1rks, untl iiitlcctl |h1' tourliing
l'll:1i11;1
I-It-l-5"-I/1'!!!-'-'1/) hut tlooniul rt-l.1tio11sl1ip h1't\\':'1'11 li;1nt1cr 'IIIh I.\L'R!,I)II1LI. II!'LK
and Marks is good tlcul morc lioncst .1|11l
.1
ulft-cliiig th:u1 su-11 i11 most str.1igl1t<lr:1~
mzttit" scrivs. _]oh11so11 pron-s liimsclf an
adept writcr/prutlitccr/tlircctor; thv: first
five minutes :1rL' luvcly. thc lztst live min-
utes :1rt- gloriously pop-tr;1gir i11 thr way
that 1\l:1rvt'l Coniics usul to he ln:l'orc
they wcnt down lltL' tiihv.-s. :1111l i11 lic-
twccn we can alnm.\'1 ln'|ic\c in that s1'\'cn
foot green mnnstt-r." .-llun Iirvzimvl

THE Nl-l.\T STEP llE\()Nl) [_]oh11 New-

l:m1.l] TV Sy111lic:1tio11, l/T8, tolor, 23
minutes. With: l,:1r;1nc St1:\'t-ns, Brian
Scott. .-Xctur/tlircrtor Ne-land altcmpts
to rc\i\'il'y his old ON!-L STI-ll Bli\'U:\'l)
scrius with this '70s update. Pilot episode
"l'sun;uni' tlcals with plight of young wo-
man co11fi11ctl to :1 \\llL'L'lCl1;.|ll, u|1:1l1lc to
flee :1ppm:1cl1i11g tidal wttvc. Some :1l-
tcmpt at motlttilulilin\\'u|Il:tn is res-
cued by autistir huy, 11ml svglnvnt is shot
in vidcot:1pchut ubiquitous n;1rr:1ti(1|\,
monotonous pruccss shots of upproacliing

ii-' Ina
 SCIENCE FICTION
HORROR, FANTASY
CINEFANTA TIQUE is your guide
to a filmie Sense of Wonder
VOL 1 no 1
kiilplll-i.I'i oii Fiiiii" Ill|'Vey!
14 riiiiii blltd DII the life iii
Rllpuli iiiiiii 1911 lhlllgh
"riie Dillpptlillltc iii
11111;
DAMNED" 0II iiie P1D-
1111.
dilction and diltrihutioti prc1b~
i! iii iiiiepii iii,-i iiiiiy
ieieiiee rilllll riiiii. pfbdllfild
by Hllmtf.
VOL N02
1
The Hillnfy ld 1e<iiii1qiii
of FINDS) riiiii .\!li!l'Illi0l'I"
Milk wiiit. dtllig
Pill 1 by
with Illbdli illiIIllLiOII ipeeiii
effeCI.\; DRACULA '11. ii pXl-
view iii the ciiiiniiiiiio 1.i-=
iiiiii iiiei fll!i!2d ll COUNT
DRACULA.
vo1.1 no s
"orieiioi FIIIIII) Fiiiiii Daiei"
iillryl iiii-iiiiissy riiiiiiiitiiie
Japanese PIOd\l(liOl\ Cmpiy;
PORTRAIT 0111-;.\11~1\' RClI0-
spt iiiiiio at OIIC of oie RIOS!
eiiqiiiiiie iaiioiy riiiiii iii ill
oriiei Alb!" SA t>'.iiiiiii1riii.iii
difCil"lr iii I1\II1)' gttlll riiiiis.
Clligiltdi Rullbt iiiaiiiiiiiiiaii
interviewed DI1 DR. _lEK\'LL
(l9Sl).
AND .\lR. HYDE
\'0l. I NO 4
"The Five Faces uf George
Pal" career article on the great
science ction movie maker; a
survey of ABC Movie of the
Week fantasy TV movies.
VOL 2 NO I
; The llistory and Technique of
Fantasy Film Animation" Part
J by Mark Vi'nlf;interview with
film director Paul Wendkos on
THI-L MEPIIISTO W.-\l.TZ; di-
rector Alan Gadney on lming
MOONCITILI); pictorial report
on filming DRACULA A.D. '72
at Hammer; FLESH GORDON.
VOLZ N02
PI./\.\'ET OF TIIE APES
cial Issue: interviews with /\r~
thur P. Jacobs. Pierre Iloulle,
Franklin J. Schaffner, _]. Lee
Thompson. Ted Post, Rod Ser-
ling, Michael Wilson. Charlton
lleaton, Paul Dehn, Maurice Fl
vans, Kim llunter. Roddy l\Ic-
Dowall, john Chambers. _|erry
Goldsmith and William Crcher;
_ STAR WARS novelizationipre
Bruce Dem and Douglas Triim
bull on filming SILENT RUN~
NING; Peter Cushing interview-
1
48
iiii Ihc ill iii DRACULA A.
=11
11. '72ll lXI\II\QI';diYECi0f
rim riieii. viiiieiii Price
filming
Robe" QUIIIY Dfl
PHIBES RISES AGAIN.
\'()L
NO 3 Q on psychtrliorrnr films iricluiI~
INVASION or 1115 iioov
SNATCHI-IRS RIIHHPCCI ind
Illlervitw with diYC(l0f DOI1
siqiiidiieiiiiiceiiiiie ROYIICIO
diitlllltl1111-. CRAZIES iiiii
rtlmig ~1c;111 01" 1111; 1.1\'-
ING 111..-\11i11sii rriiiiiiiiiii OI1
lpttill IHECI! ind riiiiiiiiii iii
DARK s1.-xiiiciiiiiiiiiiiiei 1."
Ind pltillflf .'\I'IllItlI\y' miiiiii
Ill! '0Il;|lii)l'l iii
Key! kiiSk'\-IS!
CDLYICIIIIKIIC i'I'0d\1l'Iil)!l! iiiii
NOTHING BUT THE
lming
NlGllT;Sll.l>.N'l' RiNNlN(i.
vo1.: N0
~1
Pf0d\lI.Cf iiiiiiiii SI-lilnlJk)' OD
AI!\i(\.IS with piiiiiii pIt\'iCw!
Oh AND sow 1111. sc1tz.\.\i-
INC s1.\111s and vi\u1.1n1=
HORROR; the iaiioiyriiiiiiiir
diIClUr Jiiqiies T0\il\\'Il\' |II-
eiiiiiiiigiipiiiiiiriiiiiiiii iniY\ilev~'
(CURSE or 1111-. DEMl).\'l; =
piiiiiii IIPOYI li riiiiiiiiii "lII'\-
mer's FRANKENSTEIN AND
THE MOl\'S'l'F.R FROM IIELI.
with Terence Fisher; a report
on the perils of being an extra
in SO\'l.I.NT GRl>.l-.N;director
john llough on lming TIII.
LEGEND OF III-LLL ll()iSF..
\OI.3
NO I
Christopher Lee Career Article,
introduced by Peter Cushing,
with an afterword by Terence
Fisher: French liorrur and fan-
tasy lms; director john l..in-
dis and producer _]a|nes C. O-
Rourke on filming SCIILOCRI;
interview with new British hor-
ror lm star Mike Raven.
VOI. 3 NO 2
Producer Charles ll. Schneer
on his long association with
Spe-
Ray Ilarryhausen and lming
GOLDEN \'O\.-\(;I-'. UF SlN-
BAD; Richard Matheson career
interview; writer-director .\Iich-
ael Crichton on filming WEST
WORLD; photo previews on
lrning at Amicus of FROM
BEYOND THE GRAVE, THE
BEAST MUST DIF. and MAD-
HOUSE; David Niven on por-
traying Dracula in VAMPIRA;
THE EXORCIST feature re-
view; MARRIED .=\ .\1os-
1
110- STER 111011 0LTl.R 51>.\c1.
lhd RCIIOIPCCI.
1111.
\'o1.31~:u3
Till iiiiiiiii of 1iiiiiiii1iiy"
iii; ililtfitwi Willi R0i)I'l .-\1-
driCl\, ciiiiii iilixlu Jll
wiiiiiiii Cilllt; wiliilim riieii
ioii UI1 Filming 1111. EXOR-
c151; CUTE! Pill Elli lllg
DOC s.\\~.1\t:u;iiiieiiii_|=iii=i
11. lili!
iiii iiii wiiii with 1tii-
llfitik iti lming 50111: CALI.
11 LO\'lNG;7..-\l(DOZ.
voi. 2 NU-I
The Filming iii 1111. ixmzi
CIST including interviews with
William Fnedkin. _|ason .\liller,
lllli Illtlp iiiiii niei Smilli;
iieiiiiipei-1 iiieiiiiiiiig
'l'lll-L.\l!
iiiimiewi with (ii[l"lu! Gl)I~
iiiiii l)0l1il! ind WflI(I'-pi'0-
i.i\lCCF Ted SiIEI'lilI'I\i;pfOti\.l(-
ff iti diICClOl HHWIILI zieiiiii
DII riiiiiiii FL]-ZSII GORDON:
iiiieeiiii iililli Cll"petiICI iiii
riiiiiiiig DARK ST.-\R; iiimiiii
i\|\'l iiiiiiiiiiiii riiiiiiiig votwc
FRANRENS'l'InIN.
VOL -1 NO I
FORBIDDEN PLANET Retro-
spec! with comprehensive 1n-
terviews; roundtalile discussion
with writer _|ohn .-\. Russo and
producers Karl llardman and
Russell Streiner uti the making
of NIGHT OF Tllln |.l\'ll\'C
DEAD; Christopher Lee on the
filming of MAN \\'lTll THE
GOLDEN GUN; director .\ior-
ton lleilig on lming ONCE;
EDOI: Film Poetrv" essay and
visual appreciation;KULCll.-\K
TIIF. NIGHT STAl.Kl>.R.
VOL -I Ni) 2 and director Richard Donner;
Retrospect THE lNCRl>.DlBl.I.
SHKINKINC MAN including A
Jack Arnold interview ;tt.l ca-
reer article; Brian De l'ali't'i.i iin
filming SISTERS and I'llA,\'-
TOM OF TIIE PAR.-\DlSI.; iii
rector Robert Fuest, writer Mi-
chacl Moorcock and star _]un
Finch on filming Tlll-Z LAST
DAYS OF MAN ON l-ZARTII;
producer Gerry Anderson and
effects technician Brian _]ohn-
son on lming SPACE: I999;
photo preview TIIE ROCKY
HORROR PICTURE SIIOW;
THE STEPFORD WIVES.
VOL ~1 rm s
"The riiiiii of TCIIIICQ riiiiei"
(MIC! lllitle ld IIIIEFVICW;
Will \'il1lDl1 Ind uiiii ciiaiiiei
O7] filming [lit USCII-Wiihg
CLOSED MONDAYS; piiiiiii
preview DEATII CORPS.
vow N04
Rl'!IO!'ptl 1111; D.-\Y 1111-;
1..s1t111 STOOI) STILL Will!
COYP|(h!I'l!iV! ll"iI2IViW!; f!~
[ION DII T\hll\'TI Fil-ID! 1,11-.ii,i.
illiti itludiig i|'IICI'\'itM5 Wllil
i1ii- PIIIKIUCCY/t.ilf!ll0f ICNTI iii
KEVIN Ic iT(idI( 1'i=ii<iiiiii11-
lilllfiltd iiiiii II ll'It' l)aIllC IU
ieiiiiiii RING KONG; riiiiiiiiii
111 1111. DF.\'ll. A D.~\tGllT~
ER .it llammer.
vo1..=i NU
1
Filming .-\um" i\.\'11 iiis
not; iiieiiiiiiiig ilrrvitwi Will!
iiiieeiiii 1.. Q. Jill!!! Ind WYIICY
lilliln i;111iiiii; interview will!
diY('IUr l.0Ui! Malle 0" riiiiiiiiii
111..-icit MOON; ".-iii (lllt
iiiiimiii
.iiiii niiiii
i.eii=i TD
11 l.L\URlIIS" OH whv KING riiiiiiiiiiii.-\.\1.\'.ir101\' .~\l.l.F.\.
R()N(Z iiiiiiiiii IIOI l)!
iii
FEIIIIL-it]
Pililtiflll PXQVICW LOG.-\N'S
RUN.
VOL 5 NU 2
The Makiiig of I.OGAN'S RUN
including interviews with Saul
l).iviil, Michael :\titiet!un_ I):iv-
id lelag Goodman. William I.
Nolan, George Clayton _]ohn-
son. George Pal, L. B. Abbott,
and Dale llenessy; The Special
i'.lfetL\ of FLESII GORDON
sets the record straight on who
did what and how.
\i'Ul. N0 3 three interviews with the at-
51
I-ilming 'l IIF. ().\lF.N including
interviews with Gregory Peck
Roman Polanski on the filming
uf Tlllz TENANT; career arti-
cle on \'larlimir William Tyils;
.-\ntmauun's Michelangelo and
his worlt for the Disney studio.
VOL 5 N() ~l
THE W.-\R OF TIIE WURLDS
Retrospect with comprehensive
interviews; _|im Danforth on
KING KONG and his resigna
tion from the Oscar Academy;
photo review of George Lucas
view of SINBAI) AND TIIF.
EYE OF THE TIGER.
vote no 1
lliltflttlBflln DE Piillil iiiii
i!!)' Splttlt l)fI lllt miiiiii; iii
CARRIE; Wfilti DlVid Gtrfdld
iiiii C"\'Cll l(Cl'Il'\iCi3l'\ CIQIIC
wmeii iiii riiiiiiiiii 1./tun or
TIIE LUST for television; Rob-
(II Wise riiiiiiiiii ALTDREY
GIT
iu1s1.;.\iieiiii=iwiiiii=i<iii11iiii-
iii; 1111. si:N111~:1:1.; 0!!-[hr
l('I iepiiii Of riiiiiiiiii PEOPLI.
111111 111111. 1"01tt;0r, Larry
CUIIEII UI1 riiiiiiiiii l)I'lMON!;
Juil iiiiiiiii [lit
CilAII\iJCI'! On
or
iillttp riii 151..-wt DR.
.\lURI'..-\U.
\'o1.s 1~:o2
Ray ".IJY)'l'\i'lUlln CID Ipttlll =1-
fects and SINB.-\D AND THF.
EV}. OF Tllli TIGER; filming
!)I!l'iAi erreeii riii'1'ii1-; CR.-\T-
1:11 I.AKI-L .\i0i~is11;iti prtr
(i\l(t\' 1-iiii x. Llllfu! 0I"l
111
iiiiiiiiiii iii ci\1>1i1co1t:< ONE;
piiiiiii iepiiii iiii Ill! !Ij!(Ied
ililkfllp riii CLOSE 1;r<cot11~."
11.11501" 1111-; 11111111 KIND.
pll)liIll'CI' _]\'f0fI"lC zeiiiiiaii D
vo1.<'i >10
:1
'l'lII'. WICRLR MAN. ihe story
behind Anthony Shaffer's oc-
cult masterpiece, the CITIZEN
KANE of honor lms, includes
interviews with star Christo-
pher Lee; writer Anthony Shaf-
fer, director Rohin llardYiPro-
diicer Peter Snell, and many
others; director David Ctcrien~
berg on RAHID; producer Mil
tun Subotsky on TIIONGOR.
VOL G N0 HVOL 7 NOI
Hiking STAR WARS, twenty-
tors, .irt1sts and lmmakers
who made it possible, with a
special emphasis on the crea-
tion of its amazing special ef-
lerts; Steven Spielberg and
Douglas Trumbull on making
(Il.(lF. I".N(I()UN'l'ER$ OF
Till". TIIIRD KIND; David Al-
len tin the model animation of
l..-\SI'.R BLAST; Amy Irving
on 'lllE l-URY.
,
7
A W "5 ""6
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CARRIE
v.,|
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JENNY p.|sl i\|rs. I-mm Tllli
j I-.X()R(IlS'l in SlNB.\D
Vol I Nu 3
;\.\'l) llll-L F.\'l-1 Ol-
(;um<;a |(o.\1u0 'l'|ll-I 'l|L;hR In ST.-\R
v-| 2 .\'. 3 -= \\'.\RS,\\-(-1-\n~r in nll.
SILFN .\'m<; "51?! Sullsrrilvc m 1h.- n-\'i:'\\'
I _..'=1 nf lmrmr, f.mu>y and
\
' _:r.: u-iclur rlinll films,
N .-\.\'D TH!-I
[GER \\-nu-I 2 Nlllilhn |
""' \'..|.m. s wmn- ;- \..1m..
mi
\um|vrv \
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and rr1'vi\1' \'uur topics
in xhu m.\il. \\':'ka in
.nlv;|nrr of nr\\'\l.1|u|
.---_.-______;_________.____._____________.___ dis"ihulim" Am. _hl_
STAR WARS sl'B(:k|P1|uxs (IlNl.l>.\NI.\llQl'l>., P u mm :70. Ink
I'\l(k. II |.1\\n~ l\II\1I\ nu >.|~~|1~ yuu'n- .|l ll. pi1k up
v| 6 N" 4 |,..|...| ll m\ ||1!n\>||vv\|-||r\ .>..|"1., ||., |.. > ....... .4 \|||>u "W. .v | M... .. lhuw \.|lu.1hlc hack
mu-1 I -"um-m-.| um m |.,.\ |\\l|!\ uh] M-\.",,..., ..W~ .u Y W. | .,. .
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ruu . luv, |.... ,.|,.., , .\ - ~ \ |..... In
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issur rupi:-> arc muilul
\"" 3 N" 4 | | Tm" \'ra|\ :25 in m'|l\1'l0pL's m 1|rri\c
hn||\( unun un|nurkc4l, (Q:-I wriuus
WAR OK THE
THE WORLDS \.wm about (hr pu-|\n' .|n\l
Vul 5 No 4 suhscriln: Mm-1

THE WICKER .\iAN In mu 1., .-.|

V016 No 3 _,_ _::_____
49
l
l
""'"" I"1I'~
Thirty-year-old William Girtller. PYW
l"'~"~"' ml lll"'l""' If Tl"? *\lI\~\'ll'OU
'15 kllll .l1|""1lYY 21 I" ll" l"llllIIl"*'5-
I" 1' lll*"'l7"'\ "1ll\ "'31" Mllllllilv 'l'll*
'~'"l"ll |"'4"l""5 I"? 1' |'' I-ll"~ (ilnll
kll5<'\l51ll hi5 \\'l>l'l 1'11 Tllh -\l-'\l\llT()l' ll!
\I\'l'l"lWT. il5 ht fllllilwllI1\>5\-Pl'"ll\lf\l'"\
chores mi the Pi1l\l\'='. am occult thriller.
schetluletl for release hy .\\'CII~I'iIlI.|SSY
Pictures in I"'ehruary. The filtn eoneerns
an ancient .-\|nerican Indian demon tnani-
festing itself in a rnodern~day woman
lti:l:'l9), and is based on the novel
linglishman Graham .\Iasterton. Girtller
was usually associated with low~Intdgel
drive-in quiekies, such as .'\llIl\' and
(lRI7.ZI.\'. Ilis in\'ol\'enn'nt with Tllli
.\I.~\.\'lTOU stemmed from tlte success of
hi5 l'l'I-vtlll fill". Tllll l)-\\' OI" ilillll
.\.\'I.\I.'\I.S, his hest work to date. Tlllu
.\I.~\.\'ITOLJ appears to have permitted
Glflllff I" ll"-\"5l'lI1ll ll? '~'\1l\lH-S "I KX-
Plvllllllll filITI"11ll'1ll\_!- llli '~'"ll"l5ll\"\
illmlll "'5 .\!l""'- llllll ll"! TIP! I" 'Y"l'~'
Will 1'l"Y .l"" cl-17 ll"1 1'15" PIJY5 ll
(l"'5"" I" ll" m"\l- '~'""Pl*"l Will 1" 3""
ple hudget of l>\'4r 51l.ll(lll.l|0U. "lf<|' ll"
PI""ll I-"'1'" "XClll"l!""llI l>l""""~'-
Gl"""5 l""'k.ZT"""d I" Ill""~\kl"
hifll l"~'E"" Will_*l"'5""'"-"Y '<"k I ll"
-'\" F"\'- '5 ["51 I*"""'5- -\S_YLU\l (W
SAT.-\N, \\'alS lltilllt In l97l~ "I5 'UYl* "P
l"'"_"Kl\ ABBY (I974) F15 l""ll"'~\"l I
l*"'5"'"c- K'~""""kY~ "I5 hes ""k "I
hi5 Pull"! '15 TREF- ON A My--\i_II'
HOOK ll973l- milk _ff"' $13-000 I"
35mm ml '5l"Y- '5Uml"m_"Il l"Y'l1'"d'
"Ll 8"" Will 5'"'~' 1""5"Z Il\"W5"~\Y
Jeffrey Frentzen lives in Orittda, C;\lifor-
nia. His Retrospect feature on director
llerk IIar\'ey's C;\RI\'|\.';\I, OF SOUI.$~
will appear in a future issue.
by JCffl'Cy Fl'IltZCll
50
comic lines delivered offhand hy a cast of
virtual amateurs. .~\lthough mere glimpses
of his
(.inm_r.s mom W _n_
in-
featttre work provide an insightlb
' . '. g I1'rI!Iunt: .\r.,t.-1,, "Irv: '11.," Ilurrlmn (1.-111.1114
. -
lWl"1"""!!_lY "'_F"'"'1l!"!_'9!'"""l}'
_P""Y "\1H1'Hl\| ~l|'R\l- 1" lllb \l-\-\l-
IUY-1| "'"N'" "I Km" "l='""1\l fore
pamlmg upon his success as a (IllltlUl.
'I'ragically, his eareer is now ended.
lflrmi rlirl ynur irii-u[:'rmrul nu I'll!-.'
M.-l.\'I1'()I' lugfY1.7
I was on |n\ w.t\' to London to work
on the srore for I).-\\' OI Tlll-. .~\I\'I~
.\I;\I.S. .~\t the airport in l..-\_ lpirked tip
a copy of Graham's hook to while away
the tenhour fligltt. In l".ngland_ I was so
exeited liy the property that I phoned my
agent from the London Airport and asked
him to huy it.
I talked with (lrahatn almut the possi-
hilities of making his story into a film.
You see, Graham is Ilnglish. which makes
him an unlikely candidate for writing a
story about .-\|nerit'an Indians. Ilut he was
enrouraging ahout a moyie project, and
are tne aeress to hack rround material I
ii;-edetl for the script. \Tlien he read the
srript. the things I'd t'l|attgt'tl i|t his hook
were to his liking; in faet,lw even thought
some of my atltlitions might have heen
good in his original tale.
It-'!mt /t'i1|r1.\ 1|] rliungr-.\' it''It' mmlr?
Graham's book went to extremes that
l tlltl not wislt In deal witlt. t lI"l'ilIl'(l the
story uniformly as a personal ordeal for
the characters directly involved with this
girl. (lrahant hrought in thin s like the
I\'ational Guard and tlte New \gork Police
Ilepartrnent; using dt-\'it'es like that tends
l>y
to untlerettt eredihility; it's like sortie of
those seienee firtion films of the fifties,
where hattalions of melt were called in to
fight off invading aliens. Realism can be
maintainetl without resorting to action
that destruys the fantasy ttItttt'pt.
.\Iueh of the gore in the hook haslieen
eliIt\iI\Jtt'tl. We hatl two choices in making
the film. We eoultl have tnade a driye-in
shocker of immense proportions, or ll
class production. The story eould have
heen done either way. I wanted to get
away from the kinds of films I'd In-en do-
ing -up until that point. So I was alile to
fittanre ahout three million dollars from
private investment groups not associated
with the studio I:\i\('t)-l_.I11lI1ISS)'l. In do-
ing things in this manner. I will, hopeful
ly, produre a film which is ahh: to work
better for me.
There are other minor changes to the
story. tnainly character relationships that
needed clarifieation and tightening. I
changed the john Singingroek chararter
[.\Iichael :\nsara| , the mortal medicine
man, from a husinesslnalt to a farmer.
The strieken girl, Karen Tandy [Susan
Strashergl , has a closer personal relation-
ship with the mystic tleteetiye llarry I".r-
skine [Tony Curtis].
ll'r'n' lhrrr any tIiff|'n41I|'r.\' in pru11tu'-
ing I/tt'_/'t'ln| i1t:lrpnizlt'rt1I_v.7
The seript had been written and laid
out in storyboards when .-\yco-Embassy
came in. They have really been a part of
this production from the lieginning. Their
help got us from seript, through prepm-
ductiun, and before the cameras in ahout
three months. a near-reconl. They offered
guirlance on eertain matters promotion
scripting prolilems, general: pruductiorl
T"I'-' ./"- (_"_i~" H "If _l{14i{"1 1"""" -If-<i"l1""1"
1"/"" If/I/'-,_~\l.:.\IIt;': t't:rrrt|II\' oi n:;t-are
";'--
."'l" 1' "' "
1'" "'{'."'I"'_"""' ""
mrmt. .w<.m .\!n|\h|'rg' mul .1 tmf .~<II|mm.
rum. ll...-11, .111... fl no I|m'.\' mun.-1 appli-
m|n_r mm-It !VuIt.(7:rnn (ii--Iv mm tin" lmlimx
tfrrrlnrt. '1'n.- .-.w~ti='.- "tit/tt'I4l n' rm.-I1 Vin
7~~~4~* Te ~7
hmm 1.1 t'rl1Il!II|'f4\
~ 7'
hassles, and so forth. So that preprntlu<'~
tion time was well-used and t't'tntu|ttI\'.tl.
I had :1 ten-week shooting sehedule.
ht-ginning on .\Ia\' I7 through the stirri-
mt-r. I chose San Iranriscn over .\'rw
York (Iity [where the hook is set] to
shoot the film ln't";n|se San l'ram"ist'o is
moody in a way New York isn't; the fog,
areliitet'ture, yery .\Iediterranean. There
were no live interiors, though. .'\ll of the
inside work was done at (IRS in llull\'~
wood.
\\'he|t the film is finished, and I'm
working on some posbilululling and opti-
eals now [f\o\e|nher, I977], .\\'t'u~l.|tt-
hassy has a neat promotional campaign
worked out. I ean't tell you exactly how
the film will he sold, hut I do know that
it is to he l:lown~up to Tlhnm from Il"nnn\
lana\'isinn atul four- and six-track stereo
prints will he struck [reportedly in the
new Dolhy optical sound process]. .\ lot
of effort is going into the fihn, which ran
possihly he exhihitetl. in the tradition of
(It.()$t-'. t'.X(;()t'.\"I't*.k.\ ()t' Ttttl THIRI)
KIXI) and ST.-\I{ \\'.\RS. as an e\-ent."
lfhu! .\url 1|] fl/t_\'.\'|'t||[r!I1|lo[!l|'t4lIxpt'
rinl t'_1_'/'1-t'I\' rift you zvor/t-iri_gY zvilli?
The prohlems witlt the makeup were
I
trentendotts. 'Iom Ilurinan and _|ue .\Ie-
Kinney worked on the .tppli.tnce. and
the actor used lu portray the ancient In~
dian dentnn was literally \\'eiglttt'tl~tl<t\\'tt
in latex ruhher. The particular makeup
took five hours to put on and two to take
off earh day. There is a lilfllt srene in the
film, done with makeup and sperial ef-
feels including the moek~womh of Karen
Tandy. created hy (iene (iriggs and Titn
Stnythe, which is the most graphiceffeet
in the film. It took two-and-a-ltalf days to
film and lasts a minute onscreen. There
is no hluod. oozing uids, or ripping
flesh. The way ll was done. coInpli|nent-
ed hy I.alo Sehifrin's srore, achieves a
weird ethereal mood.
One thing the audience will not he pre-
pared for is the ending. wltirh is rom
pletely different from the one in the
hook. .\ly ending will leave the viewer in a
state of shock. So. if you are oriented on
Graham's finale, forget it. This finish is an
end-all. Too had I ean't tell your readers
ahout it. . .I'm doing some of the special
effects work on the ending now, as a inat-
ter of fact. \\'e'\'e had prohletns in getting
the kind of results I'd like. and itis .1 ease
ofnty own perfeetionism. I really want to
make a dent with this feature.
Who! are _\-ourfulum jilm pltmx in [hr
grnn-?
I'|n developing an idea for a science
fietion fantasy called TIII-I ()\'l.R-
I.()Rl)S. The first seript for it is presently
heing written hy Ilarry Kleiner [I~'.-\I\'-
T.~\STI(I \0Y.\(Jl-I, lIITI.l.I'I'I'| . and it is
nu! ct STAR W.-\RS rip-off, if that's the
current fashion of things. I'd also like to
get hark into the aetiult-:ide\'nl.tlre genre,
and have purchased a new hook titled
TIIEDE.-\DL\'liUR.S'UlI. I
 .-\l'\rr my in'g:|li\'c ruinmcms A\l")|l
S'I'.~\R \\'.\RS ((i:l :25), I was clxidml 'nd~ i
lvssly by rcznlcrs IIl('TI.LI\lIU\I$ llllll I
linln'l likr lhr film." I m~\*cr 1lI(I I iliiln'l
lilu: $I'.-\R \\'.~\KS. In I;n'l.. I cullcil il 1|
nniqnv: ;|cl1i:'\'i'||n'n| in sp:'<'i;il cl'f-us."
.\Insl irzilv lCllLI' wrilcrs u\'|.-rlnukul llml
and ZIISII l';|ilcil HI znhlrcss lIIL'I1I\I\'( to
my sprrifit crilimisins nl SI.-\R \\',\I{.\',
inSl1';l\I rnnnplziiniing ;lI)n\ll lhc Incl lh.|l I
clmsc In crilirim: the Iihn in lhc first l
plum. Tln-y nsnully sklusu.-|>pc1l lhu issnc
hy cniicnliiig llnn, yrs. S'I'.\I{ \\'.\RS i5
jun-nilc, yrs. il is llp(l'fI('I.II. ycs, ll is
mic rcpcliliun ul' cvcry .uIvc|n\|rc l'ihn
clirlir ul lhu p.isi l'iIl\' \'l'.H'\', yrs. \'l,
yes Ifnl I/mI'\ [hr I.-[ml -1 I/ilm (irnrqr
l.m'u\' mmlzwl In mu/"1', um! il'\ _/mi,"
they clmrns. .1 litany ih.n siippnsnlly in-
\ZlII(I;|Ik'5 all this svriulls l'l.m-s of S'II\R
W.-\RS, which arc 4III\'I1I\I cu-u In rnhid
I;|n;ni&'s. .\l'lvr ninking mc next lu I-.ln-n-
vzrr Srrimgr or "A|r];l" I-.llisnn_ they in-
\';|ri;|l>ly sign ufl, .\I.|y lhc l"un'c Bu
With Yon."
liui \\.\Il. lhis lypc of rlicmrir is
likcly In c|n'nnr.u;v: .nm|lu~r uml of
vrnnk Ivllcrs, .nnl I r.in'l slA( any num-
Iurlnrcs un liihn us lllI(I'I2\IIlI1\lIlI. Sn Iv!
nu: gvniirrl lu S'l .\R \\,\R.\' .nnl .nl|nil
lhul I \\-.15 (mm iiguin in ll\< I-'urrr .nul
lh.|| I h;u| /uu \\';||rliin_g _\"l'.\R \\'4\I{.\' .nul
c\'v:n saw ii mun lh.|n UIICU.
I ilnn'l lhink llu'rc's any gnan gulf
sup;ir;ning $'lI\I( \\'.\I(S' Inns ;nul S'I'.~\R
\\'i\l(S' :lvlr.n'I<>rs. hut lhr rln-lnrir .nnl
cinulimmlisin mi lwlh siilvs l\.is ])0I.ll'l'l(kl
npiniun. .\s .1 n'rl\|iir.|l iirliii-\'1-um-nl in
rlI|l1I!I.lI{lIl|_[, .\"I.\l{ \\',\I(N is rc|n.\rk.|hl1'
in in.n|y \\-;iy.\3 JIHI lhu inn-rvivws l1~.nur'
ml this I>'$\ll' .is .\lukin_;' .\"ILlI( ll'.-lI\'.\' .\I'
lrsl tn llu" :|1~ili\'.|liun, inign-nnil\' .nul
rn'uli\ily ul lIIl' l'iIinin.|kvrs IlI\'1)I\'L'lI. Ihil
lt'(IllII\|lll'- 4l"l| in lhis L'.I.\'('. s|u~ai.il cf
I1-cis, is llnl .||\r!|1I in itsvlf, Inn .i m|':IH\
uf pnrlniyilig su||1n-lliilni \\'urlh\\'l\ilc .|s Ll
fihn. It l.\ki~2 \_fYl'.lI LI!-II nf $('.ll('I\ll\\{ un
.1

my purl In finil Jnyllnm; \\'urlh\\'hih~ ur

i|ni'|'1'~:li|n; in .\"lI\R \\I\l{S In-vmul IIH
|IL'('I.|I 1-l'l'<'r|x.\\'h;\| Linus A/lI|\l' In
film is rmnglily [hr n"[j|' 1-qni\'.|lcnl of
R.iy lI.irryl\;n|sci\'s _\'In|l-IIIHIIIIH fihns. Wc
wail frum sn-inc in >k'l'lIL' fur lhc hn|n'1l-
fur inlrnsiun uf ;| |Il|\'L$III]l ur l.iscrhl.isl
In cnlivcn llu: slum-. .\s \\-r \\'.|ll \\-1-rc
sul>jvrlml In :1 lul uf lmrmwcd hnsincss.
usually ilnnv fur lwllvr snnn~\\-lu~n- vlsr.
I run zipplznnl I.\u':|s fur mlvvising sunu
intriguing .\'pi'<'i.|l 1-l'fri'ls xi'\|\|1'm'cs, Inn
HHISI I .IIn ;ip||l.|ml him fur lnniging
llntin nnlu ;| puinlluss .n'linn slurylinc
|n:n|1I\'\l\\'ill\clCpll|l1'ss rl\.n';n |urs'.'
Ihll \\'.iil, $'I'.-\I{ 4\R4- ix _/nu, su why
ann I kimckiin; ii? I'|n rm! .|nlil'nn. I um
inlcrcslml in l>.il.in<'ing lhv: l\ypcr-vnplmr-
in \\lllI ivhirh lhc |iI|n l\.|s lwcn rvu-i\'nl.
mnl pnllimg ils llnkc siicu-ss illlu .\nllll
--1 " ml of pu|'s|n''(i\'1'. I'hc s(|kiA|I l'nru's
\vl|ii'h |n.|lu~ lms inn IIICLIIZI cu-nis,
clcvniiing lhvir lmxnlliru 1l'\L'I|Il!v inlu lin-
's lnnnlrvils nl' niillinns nl' lI(lII.If .|n-n'i \\'rll
iiiulcrsmml. Inn lhcy h.|\'u imiliinq In Ill!
\\-i\h .|-slliclirs. _\"I4\R \\'.\RS is -L-rlAilIlI
fun. lml it's nu-ilinrrc fun. In hr .I|l]>'l i-
JIl\I in lhc s:|nn- .irrl\ \\'.iy IIl.II Hill \|lju\'
lhv wisvrr;u'king mlml and \'|11'< i.il rill-i ls
in I*()RIIl)I)I'.N I'l.i\\I'.'I'. I l'in\l it ilis~
4 nppuinling ll\.il l.n\';|s I1-It ho h.nI In n'
gross lu ll\;|l lcn-I In hr UlIln'rl;|lning. Ilis
mrn 'I'llX IITIH slmws lh.n hc is r.\p.il\li-
uf su inmh mun". I
51
 .-\t last. the first Sword Sorcery film
&-
from producer .\liltou Suhotslzy and his
new p;u'tner. Atttlrew lloually, went he-
fore tlte eameras at l~1nglaud's Shepperton
Studios. l)().\ll.\'lQUl-L is a psychological
thriller with supernatural overtones about
David Ballard. played by Cliff Robertson.
subtly trying lo drive ltis wife l)ominit|ue
(Jean Simmons) temporarily into a men-
tal instittttion so he rau tlelye into the
faruily funds to ltelp out his ttear hank-
rttpt business. Uuespeetedly. he drives
her to suicide attd itt lttm is driven to sui-
eide himself by ghostly \'isions of lter tor-
mented soul. After many twists and turns
all is explained in the deuottetnent.
l-lveryhody working on the film is eon-
vineed that nohody will eyeu rome elose
to guessing tlte l)l.-\l!()l.lQl'ES-type end-
ing. In fact, when Suhotsky was looking
for financing. he sent produvers the
script with tlte last four pages missing attd
invited them to guess the explanation.
.\'ohody guessed right.
The script for l)U.\llNlQLl-'. was writ-
ten by F.dward and \'.t|erie .-\hraham
frotn the hook lflm! Herlmriing (Him! hy
llaroltl l.awlor. The team ltas supplied
scripts for Suliutsky's other prujttlS,
'llll'. .\lU.\'Sl'l".R Cl.L'll and Kl.\(i
(IRAN. litlward .-\hraham direetetl a llril
lish l-'ilm lttstitute short in l9(i'_' called
'l'lll'l ll'l'. based on the Poe story, which
altraeted the attention of Suhotsky. lt is
only now that a long-promised tlirertorial
assignment is about to materialize. with
.\braham set to dirert his own seript of
'l'lll-1.\l()XS'l'l-'.R CLUB.
.\like Childs attd =\latt Ioues are our Lon-
*_"""l""l*'"5'1'"~lPlll'l5Yf'F'l qttality that l needed. lle ran say more
'_~l
utterytews for our feature <1" 5|-\R
WARS in this issue.
by Mike Childs and
Alan Jones
Iran Sirrttrtmti.
t 1
l)().\ll.\lQLl-1 was originally scheduled
to he made in (Iauada hut was switehetl
'" >"""" "" ~""1P*""*" *I""' }'.Y7i.'lT..'I.)i /l.','l;'.,'fZ~}.,.' 'f;1'..'i,'.',l'{. ,.";;T'7iL1L,,'.'-i'
l" "4"""' 5l''-"00 l]"
for vast, as opposed to the
5l2"".m'
(attitttliati
lttllv vl 5>lt4"-"ll" til-* 5l_~"-"ll" l<"
east. of wlurh half ltad to he l-reut'h-(I:ut-
atlian.
Says Suhotsky: l'\-e had the srript for
this picture for years. lt was one of the
last ones frotn the .\mieus days. hut .\lax
|_]. Rosenberg] didn't like this sort of
film. lt's ealled l)().\ll\'lQl'l-. herause l
want the ads to read l)().\ll.\'lQll~. \\ill
make you shriekll"'
l)irettor .\lit'h.tel .'\|tdet'son, \\'l\osepre-
yious genre films l.()(i.\.\"S Rl'.\' and
DOC S.\\'1\(}l~'.: 'l'lll~'. .\l.\X l)l- lll{()X7,l~.
ha\'e hardly endearetl him to qeure eu-
thusiasts, explains why In-'s iu\'ol\'ed in
this pieture, wltirh is tuoth-stly htithgett-tl
hy his usual statulartls. "l'm tuakltttg this
film heeause l wattted to. regardless of
the hudget. l s;t\v the opportuttitirs for
leading the audiettre wl\ere\'er l wanted
them to go. The story intrigued me. ht
editing l'ttt slowing it down to add sus
pense and pttt the at|diem'r itt tlte mood.
.\ly last pietures were really prodtteer's
pietures. ()n l)(L\ll\'l(_)L'l". .\liltnu is lr.t\'-
ing me very murh on tuy own. l also
knew l eould attraet .t top rate tast and
l approached tnost people on a personal
le\'el. _|enny .-\gutter was ideal fur the role
of Ballartls half-sister.\\'el\ave the added
atlvantage of working togrtlierpreyiottsly
on LO(L-\.\"S RUN and she was the first
person lasked._]eatt Simtuotts for l)omiu~
ique was exactly right. and (Iliff Ro||ert-
son was so perfevt in ()llSl-.SSl()I\'. he
had exactly the riight sort of enitztnatir
l,l.\lz and there is a possibility lltal Rm
with one look than a|t\ amount of dia
logue. .'\s for l"lora Robson ['l'lll-L Slll"l'-
'lil'lRlil) R()O.\l, llllz, t\l()NS'l'l'lR. llll-.|
she was born to play the sinister house-
keeper. Using well-known aetors will keep
the audieuee guessing. One familiar name
alone would forus ttnneeessary S\lSpltltH1
on that t'ltarat"ter."
(Iomplementittg the strong rast are
Geesou (l"l*'..-\R IX 'l'lll-l I\'l(ll'l',
lil'lRSl~'.RK, l)()().\l\\'.\l'Cll. .\ (I.-\Nl)Ll-.
l"()R 'l'lll'l l)l".\ll.). "This is similar to
l"'l'i:\R li\' 'l'lll'. Nl(ill'l' but a tnttrh hetter
film. The seript is good and is tnaittly \'is-
ual whirh makes it different itt approarh.
.\liehael _laystou t(IR.\/.l'l. 'll-\l.F.S
Tll.-\'l' \\'l'l'.\'l-.SS Q\lA\l)4\.l-1&5) plays Gee-
son's lutshaud and l)ominique's best
friend. l'm doing this heeause .-\udy
l)onally's a friend and lte asked me to.
and heeause l love horror movies, espe-
eially tlte ones from the early Fills and
'60s."
Simon \\'ard is playing l)otninique's
chauffeur attd is tnakiug this movie hot
on the heels of his recent seienee fivtion
assignment ll()LOC.~\US'l' JUUO, to he rt~
leased by .~\Il as Tllli Cll()Sl-'..\'. Round-
ing out the east is Ron Moody. who irou-
ically lost the Best ;\etor Osrar for his
portrayal of Fagin itt ()l.l\'liR! to costar
Cliff Robertson, who won for (Ill.-\Rl.\'.
Moody plays a corrupt doctor and reeent-
ly appeared as the l.ookeeper in 'l'yburn's
little seen l.l-lGl-'.i\'D ()l~' Tllld \\'lRF.-
WOLF.
We talked to Cliff Robertson over
lunch about doing a film so similar in
some respcets to OBS!-LSSIUN. This is
.'t---1|-at /HM ll-\ll4\il-Z17-I 1"" l""' "I Jlillwi
a'_:i~nl X1|rt|'n' I'rmlu}~||_~n.r lug.-1
SHIN!-tl~'\"t\
i
ml}
um; R..n,m.| |l!llf]t1!!IS1-"l7!lHIl\lvllillll
min W, In m,"_, ,;,,m,L. I-hi. -1, uh H,
j Tj
tur-'\ |H|I|n tum/. 1/ulllytl rm1,/.;1.,;.,..I:,m.
S:rrt|'n l'V|llfl|l'[ft|7!X hm an r.\'tiIivtL
SIAIYYII L-'
linvu/1 1! /IHVIIIY, !un{i|\\' am! .\'rirt|t| /felfllll
W if
ll/m\ /I/1I"""//"Y lh-' /ulnn.
different in many resperts. l)el'ahna had
if ii
to persuade tue to do ()lSl-'.SSl().\ and
even tatue to l~'.ntglautl to talk me into it.
\\'ith l1().\llXlQl'l-. l needetl no persua-
sion .|s l lot-etl the srript. lt is tlifferent
and l like .\lit'ltael .\utlersnn a lot. llr's
very stituulatitug and asks for your opin-
ion all the time and is anta/.ingly recep-
live to ideas. (Iourtlatul, in ()llSl-'.SSl()X,
was olisessetl by a great love: llallard. in
l)().\ll_\lQl'l;_ just wauts_ to get his wife
out ol the way as he's in an awkward
,",\-ili'lll4.'
lh-lalm.i toltl us that one of tlte rea-
sorts lte wanted Robertson was because
he tteetlrtl strong audietu e identification.
\\'e asked Cliff if he felt this was the satnr
reason .\m|erso|t eliose hint) really l
tau't answrr that. l'm sure l"|u just mar-
tpiee value and people will assoeiate this
film with llt-laltua's. and hopefully go
it. l hope you're wrong. actually, or l
see
might tget ufft'|'ttl a disaster tuoyie and l
eau't stand thetu. l don't eoiisitlrr myself
a St.tr' at all. l'm .u\ tXtttitttl|r who
lurkrtl-ottt and is now living a rotttir
strip life in New York with my rollertion
of seven antique planes."
l{ol:ertson's next movie is (()()l)
'l'l.\ll'.S ll.\l) 'll.\ll'.S writtru by _Iames
Kirkwootl who ro-wrote .\ (Ill()Rl'S
bertson may direet it himself. \\'oultl lte
like to dirret a thriller? .\'o. l'd he very
apprelteusi\e, hut I oultl loye to he in .t
llitt'ht'oek one. just to see how he does
it."
lluring tlte a|'tet'uoon we spent at
Shepperton, we u'att'hetl .\lit"hael .-\ntler-
sou painstakingly direet tlte east on tlte
set oli l)omi|tit|tte's plttslt bedroom and
listened to the musie t'tt|t\ptist'tl for it hy
David \\'hittaker, a piano rhapsody. \\'hit-
taker did the tnusit for S(IRl-l.4\.\l 4-WI)
S(IRl'l.-\.\l .-\(i.-\lN.
lt remains to he seett whether the film
lives up to tlte east and Suhotsky's faith
and entltusiasm for the story and its di-
revtor. S.tys Subotsky. l tnean it when l
say that .\lieltael is the first dirertor l\-e
worked with where every ottt of his
eltanges atul ideas have been exrellent.
Only yesterday he raiue up with a better
idea than mine to explain the end and
l'll he seeing the rushes later on."
l)()4\lll\'lQk.l) may sound like a weak
entry in the genre, hut let's hope it's sue-
eessful_ because Sul>otsky's Sword Fe Sor-
eery lrodut"tious has a strong lineup of
projects for the future. Due to star in
l97N are 'l'lll~'. .\l()I\'Sl'l-'.l{ Cl.l.'l$ and
'lll().\'(;()R (ti:Il:'_?4), with _]ohn Stears
(S'l]\R \\'.-\l{S) now signed to do the
physical effeets. l'he longwdelayetl 'l'lll*l
.\ll(IR()N.'\U'l'S is now in preparation
under the Sword & Sorcery banner. with
.\lit"hael .-\ndersott set to direet. And Su-
hotsky plans to provide author Stephen
Ring (C;\RRll"1. ililll-L SlllNli\'G) with his
directorial debut. hased on one of Kin?
own short stories.
 l).-\.\lll-'.l\l'lll-I ().\lli.\' P;\R'l ll
(hi lhr hccls nl lhr lllllll'fl>\\S rc-
3}l\)l\.\\' lu Tlll; l'.X()l{(I|.\l ll|\|l'l [li:'_':
IX). .ll\l'}' l'HIll;IYl|. |>m<lurcr of lhv
l'ullu\\-up film In Tlllz ().\ll~.X. \\'l\n pm-
llucul lhc nri_\;in;ll film .| wl-ll. is \llI('l)l\'
rcrncd nlmul lhv: <l;|ln.;cr> u|' rilling ml lhc
l.lll-Ll\ll of .1\\*.min\; cyrlv: "4\\uli<'m 1-
wr.-rr lll\Ltl nmuml llll l>lm'k \\lu-n 'l'lll-.
llERl-l'l'l(I n|n~m-ll, lml lllry llilln'l igcl
zmnlhcr l'.X()RClS'l. They igul mum'-
llling 1-nlircly llillcrciil. ll lli>.lp|mi|ilc|l
lhc .l\lLllL'l'll't' lhcy gm mud, .md lhc pic-
lurc (lied. W1.-'rc guing lu gin: rm ().\1l'.X
ll. nul smm-lllimg llifll-rcnl. 'l'lu'y'rc qu-
ing In go .lml l\.|\'c lhv s.l|m' l'c.|rs .|lu.l
nilxiclirs lhcy lmd in ().\l|-..\' l."
Tu muku lhv scqllcl. whirh In-gull l'ilm-
ing Orluhcr l_ in l.\r.lv.-1, il will rusl iflllh
(Ivlllllry-l-'ux :'|,OUU,Ul)()lo m.|il\l;li|| lhc
pr<ulm'li<u\ sl;mll;|nl> wl lay lhc nrigilml.
PI'Ukl\11'('I.l for H1l)(l('\'| $'l,8Ul),00(). lnll.|-
an

liml. cnmlrincll wilh filming in lhv L'l\ill'd

Slalus |'.llhl'|' ll\.m l'.ngl;m<l, .|l'n>\lnls fur
lhu im'rc;lsc. 'l'llu nurrcul \\l)flll\\'lllL' lynx-
uffilc uf 'l'lll-. ().\ll:.\' >l;md> .|l .ilmul
Sl:'1U.UllU_ll()U.
Thc nrigiiml ||irlurc'.\ l|'|\]Illl';lllUl\ lh.il
lhc Sun uf S.|l;m \\'lllll(l he misl-ll lay lhv:
Prl-sillcnl nf lhc llnilul Sldlcs h.is hm-n
.|llv|-nl fur lhc >cl|uc|. "\\c fCSUl\'L'll |h;|l,"
lh'r|\ll.u'l| ux|1l.|i||s. l);||uiv:|i' l\l)W living
wilh hia \lHl'll. 'l'hnrn'> l)!'l)lhCY. mu." ul'
ll\L' \\-(.llii. mrn in lhc wurlll licull of
Tlmrn l|ulu.~.lri\~.~. llv l'uul1ln'l hr lhl-rr
fur his lnull1r|"s lllm-nil. su lhc l'r<'silcnl
l'.i|nc il slm\\~> lhv: puwcr nl lhc l.|n\ily.
l).|micii \\'.l> livc in lhc lusl UHC. lur
lllis mic \\'c'\'c guilt .ihc;|ll nlmlll ciighl
yv:zir.\'. 'l'hurn'> lI!'UlllL'|' is mzlrricll lu .1
sv.-rulnl \\-ill-. 4\II and has .l sun n.l|m'll
.\l.|rl\ l>\' .| prl-\'iu\ls |n.lrri;|gl', \\'|m is llll
s.um- .lgl- .|> I)-|lIIl('lI. So lhv: l\\'u .|rl~ rou-
>ins Jllll wry rluw. i\|\Ll lhis is lhc slury
uf \\'lI.|l lnlppcris In l).miicn. .lml \\l\Jl
luppciis In the pcuplc nirrullmlillg him,
wllcn he igcls ln his lhirlvvnlh l>irlhd.|y.
ln lhc l'ir>l pirlurc. D;||ni\-n was l.in;l-ly
un.i\\'.irc ml" his dcsliny. lll lhi> unu hc
finlls mu who hr i>, uml _\l.|f\S building
his ]m\\'c|' h.l>r."
RltlL.\I'll l)unncr, whu klll'l'L'lL'd 'l'lllL
().\llz.\'. w.is \ln.|\'.|il.|blc dun lu his SUP-
l:l{.\l.-\N l(lI1lIHlllllI.'Ill, so lk-rnh.irll hin-ll
.\likc Hl)(l\(t' (\\'hu lr.msl;|ll'1l .\lirh;icl
(Iri<"lilmi'>' 'l'lll; 'l'ER.\ll.\'.-\l. .\l.'\.\' lu lhr:
sl"n-cn) ll llirull ().\lll.\' ll. llmlgvs haul
lnscu ul'l'1'rcd 'l'lll-1 OMEN. lml l\lfI1LLl il
lluwn. .\lidw.iy lhmugh |1rim'i|1.l| pinning-
niphy in (lllinlgn. l\<|wc\'cr, lludgcs was
fircnl uvcr Ll llil'f:'rv:m'|: uf upiniun run-
rcrning lhv <'n|irv:pl and rrplalrul hy Dun
Taiylur. \\'ln>sl- lnsl piclurc was 'l'lll. l5-
L.>\.\'l) (H-' DR. .\l()Rl~L.-\U. licrnhurll has
cllsn lnkcli on ;l cu-prulluccr, (Ilmrlcs 'l'.
Ormv. whn >L'l"\'k'(l as ;l>l)l'l11lC prudlicur
on 'l'lll-1 ().\ll-L.\'. and wurkcd in 1| similllr
lupm'ily for _]nhn BUUHIIRIH un l)l-ll.l\'-
l{R.'\XCll. Y..~\Rl)OZ and Tllli ll|'iRl'1'lil(I.
Since all uf THE ()l\lliNs principal
|:l\.|r:nl|.'r. suvc l);m\i|:n, mcl unlimcly
llL'llllI$ during lhu cunrsc of ll\L' first pic-
lurc, lh'rnl\.1nl had lo cusl lllc scqucl
from srrulcll. \\illi;lm "Ultltfll, who h.id
\\.ll'lICLl down lhv Grcgury Pork purl in
lhc original, wus sigrlcll In pl;l\' 'l'l\um's
l)I'<)ll\CI. Lcc (lrzml pl.iys 'l'hurn's \\'il'v:.
l"'ullrlc-on-ycur nld_]<nr.\lli:m Srnll Tay-
lor, u mcmlu-r of lingl;md's prlmligiuus
Royal Sliukcspcurc Cuinpaliy. was siglwll

53
 I 11/11i1'1-1I I/1111 Il11-r1-1m- I11-11 1-r11li11_g1 I11 $1-1-111-1 In-"1 'I'IIl-. I-'l'RI'. H1111-11II\ in 11-11111-

,1,. H,,-,,, 31
/1.1111 1/1111 1.-.111/1111--11.11. T11/1: .-111111 /1111111.-1.1.1
gm mum:

j
-I-hm. -H h..(_"-l ml _| 1-1-11111111-.1 I11-11111-rI11'1-/11111-1-111111111-x/1I111I1-1 1/11-
4

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*

1 -11 W1
11.11/1111/111111.;/1.-111111.111.-11.11..11..,11.1111.-111m
Y"- I (5-'\RR" "' II" ' """' "' "I'
-I
-
.
111.1 /111;11,1.\.111111111.-111,11.1111"/111.1 111
11111.-11.1/1.-1

"I-K H " I
II" I hm "' II "5
1I11: I;1s1 s1"1-111- 111- shut. .-\Il lI11- girls 1\-1-r1-
/11-11111! !11r1'1-1,1 .11111111-1111-11111111111/11111-11.-111'
1,. ,,, ;,[,.,.,1,._\.h.,,m\._
I1irk1-ri|11g 111-1-1' 11-I111 11-1111I1I 111-1 111I11- in lI11- I -

I115! sI\111. I-.\-1-1-1- 1I;11' 11 1-I11111g1-1I. II11-11 I

I111-k1-1I 11111. I 1I11- 1-111Ii111;. ;1111I II1-i;111 s11l i11 1111 1l11-.1111Ii1i1111s. (11-11r1;1-
I
1
11111
,

I.1|l;|s 11-11s r1-11II1- sh1-. II1-1'111111-s11Il', 11I11-11

_

II11:-1-111111 1-111111-1-/I /1'I111i11_qi11 (.l1i1-111,111!

1I1111'1 I-1111111 I1im,11s ki111l 11I'1-11I1I. II1- '1
I 11-.1111 111 1411 I1111111-I II111-1- (II1i1";1_1;11I1111 1-1111
1h1- i1111-r\'i1-11- .1111l I I1111I j11s1
I'\1- h111I .1 1gr111-ling s1'I11-1l11I1-. I r1111 I111r1-~ 11-11s 1I11i1111 i 1

. 11f1h1- h11s|1i1.1I Ir111n .11111111-r.1-

I
I11111 1-\'1-1'\- 1I.11- I.1s1 11-1-1-k 1l1r1111gI1 1I11- 1111111- 11u1

s|r1-1-ls (Ihi1'.11;11. I I1r11is1-1I 1111' I11-1-I s11 I

111' li1111. I'1I I11-1-11 I;1i1I 1111 I'11r six \\'1'1'ks .1111I I
I1.11I s1.1rl 1-111111i11g 1111 lhc I1.1II 11I 1111
I11 h111I11| I11-1-11 i11 1111 11111Ii1i1111 I'11r.111-I1iI1-, 1111

f11111. II111r1.111111s1-I1-i111111' lI1i1.{Il. I \\'-Ls i11 I \\'.1s s'1iII I~1i111I 11I 1I1-Ii1'.111-. (;1-111-1;1- 11-.1s
s111'h |1;1i11, 11111I I11-1-1-'s Kirk I)1111gI.1s r1111- ;1ski1111 ki111I 11I' s1111isli1'.1l (|\11's'II11|1s 11-ilh
11i11g .1l11111g si1l1- 1111- .1111I I lI11111gI\1: II I his I11-.11l I111ri1-1I .1111I I 111.11 11-111111-1| .1 Ii11I1-

I'1-1-| lI1is 1\'.11' ;1111I I'111 1111-1111-1I11'1-1-. Kirk I111111.1|1 11-;1r|11lI1. I k1-111 I1111ki111g 111-1-r .11 1h1-
11111s| r1-.1II1 I1-1-I i1. \\h1- 111111'l I11- ;11I111il 1111111-r ;1111I 1I11-r1- 1111s Iri.111. II1- 111-1'1-r
ii? I'1-111I111'1-1- I-'1'.111k \'.1I1I.111s' 11111\1's 111-1-r 11111-111-1I his 11111111I1 I1111 I i11s1 11-.1II1' I1-ll
.1111! I .1sk. II1111-'1 Kirk?" .\111I I11- s;11's. s111111-1I1i1114. \\'I11-11 I 11-.1Ik1-1I 11111 I jusi
"()I1.l11-s 1I11i111; si1-11|1si11 I1is \\i11111-I1111411." k111-\1- I \\'.1s 14111111111I11(I.\I{RII-..
II1- \\.1s 1111l1' ki1I1Ii111; 1l11111gI1. I I1111111I1111l ll11-r1- 11r11'll1i11g
H111 1111 1'11 (..II1I1Il: .

1.111-1, I1111 I I11-Ii1-1'1-1II1i111. 1/111! 1-1111 mi_11?

Inmg. \\'1- l1;1\'1- .1 sI111l 11I11-1-1-1I11-r1-'s;11;1111 I'ir- 'I'I11-1- I1.11I 11 s11'|11' 11I11-1-1- 1-1111 s.11\ (1.11-
.-11111
i1111 .1111I 1|11-1'1'1- 1I11i111; 1111' 1'I11.s1--1111 11111I ri1- 11s .1 1-1111111; six 11r s1-\'1-11-1'1-.1r-11I1I .1111I
I977. I1111\-1-11111'I1111I1-_j1-rks?I1's1-11si- Sissy 111.11-1-1| lI11- |1.1r1. 'I'I11-1 111.11l1- 1I11-
.\'.1111r1I.11'. .\llg\l.\'I 24!. .1 11-1-1 1-1111 k11111\-
1I11-
I1-111-c I1i1;1g1-r 11|11I I1.11I I11-1' I11-I1i111I
11i1;I11 i111I11-\\'i111I1(Ii1\-. .\1111- I1-\'i111;.'.'I5. 1-1' I1.1\'1' ;1 111111 I'i1'1-1| 1I1.111 111 I1.1\1- 111
I11

is 1\-.1i1i111;f111'1I11-11'1-1\- 111 finish s1-11i111; 1111 r1-1-11.11'l 1I1.11. $11 I .1sk_ (Z1111 I I1;1\'1- .1 131111 I1-111-1-. ll 11-11s i111"r1-1IiI1I1- 111 11-.111'I1. .\111I

.1 s1'1-111- I'11rIIri.111 I)1- I.1I111.1's 111-11-1-sl 1I1riII- sI1111'.' .\111I 1l11-1"Il s".11- s111111-1I1i111; Iik1-, 1I11-1 h111I .1 Ii11l1- girl
f11r 1I11- I1.11k sI1111 111

1-1', 'I'III-. l- FRY. i11 11-I1i1'I1sI11-s111rs. \\1-11r1- "Sissy S|1.11'1-k 11-1111l1I11'l 111-1-1l.11;1111 shut." I11-r runniiig I'h1-1- I1111I l11-1- i11 1I11-s1-
1111-111'. I
'I'I11-1-'r1- 11111 s1-ri1111s 11I' 1-11111's1-. 1h1-1"rv: 1-1111111; 1I11lI11's';1111I lI11- I'1~111'1-11-.1s11\'r1-si/-
1'1-I.1x1-1I i11 .1 r1-1111<1I \\i11111-I111;-11. (I11rri1-
111111 ki1I1Ii111;. 1-1I. I1 11-11$ l11'.sl1-ri1'.1I. I \\'.1s 1'1-.11|i11g .1
I'IsI\1|', 11-I111 is \is'i|i|\1; .\1111-. is 1'1'.sli|11; i|1
1I11- I1.11-k. (I11r11I King 11111si1" .s11I'1I1' pI.11's. Kirk's I11-1-11 l1111I\il\g 1111- .1 I111. .-\l Iirsl. s1'ri|1l 111 lI11- 1i1111- 11-I11-rr 1I11-1 11-.11111-1I 1111-

pI111- I'1111r11-1-11~1'1-;1r~11l1I. I s.1i1l 111 Sis-~

,\1111' is .1 \-1-11-r.111 111' 1I11- 11111141-. II1-r 1-xl1-11- I |'1s1-11l1'1Iil. I I1;11I:1\-1-r1-1-111111i<111;1ls1"1-111- 111 11

$1. G111I, I 1-;1n'1 ]1I.11- I'11111'l1-1-11." 1\111I

s-i\'1- 11-I1-1-isi1111 11-11rk I1.1s i111-l111I1-1| ().\'CI-l 11111I I 11-11s g11i111g11fI'I11r11-11 11rI'iI'l1-1-11111i11-

1111-s. 11-11rki|1g 1111-s1-II 1111 i11111 1I1is sl.1I1-. sI11- s;1i1I. ;\m1'. I'111 .1|111111 111 111.11 sis!
.\N F..\(;I.I-.. 1I11- 11i111--I11111r 111i11i~s1-ri1-s.
.1111l lI11- PIIS .11l.1|11;11i111111l'SI11-r11'11111I.\11- 1I11-11 gcllillg i11 Ir1111l 11I' 1|11- 0.11111-111 11n1I I)1111'1 gi\'1' 1111- 1I1is 1-1111 1-.111'1 111.11 I'1111r-

1I1-rs1111's I'.\I .\ I-'()()I.. (I.-\RRII-'. is I11-r 1111- 1I11i111; i1. Kirk 1;1k1-s 1111- ;1si1I1- .1n1I says. 11-1-11!"
II'I11111Ii1l_1'1111 Ihin/1 :1-I1111 I1'n1111111I.-1-1!
I1 1I11-.11ri1'.1I l'il111 priur 111 'I'III-. I-'l'R\. "Y1111 I1.1\-1- 1I11- s"rri|11 1l11\1-11. 1-1111 k111111-
11-I1.11 1-1111'r1- 1I11i111;, s11 1-1111 1I1111'l 111-1-1I .1II 1-1111 I11 11-11/11 in n-111-1.11-_/'11r II11-1!/1111! 111-111-
\\i1I1 I11-1' I..111r1-11 II.11;1Il 1-1'1-.1. I11-r 11|1i1|111-
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lI111111;I11. ".\I1-. (111I! I I1.1\'1- m_1- 11-.11 11I 1Ii1h1'1 k|11111- \\'I111| I11- \\.1s' 1I11i11q. I1
I
111111-.1siI1' I11r1;11ll1'11.
11-11rkin1; 11111I 1-1111 h.1\'1- 1-1111r's." I r1-.1II1' 11-11s first m11\'i1-. \\'1- sl1111 11i1;I11 I'11r
1111'

II1111- 1Ii1I 1-1111 g1-I lI11- /mrl 1'11 'I'III-.' 1Ii1I11'1 11-11111 "I.1*ss1111 .\'11|11I11-r'I'1-11" f1'11111 1I.11-, ;1111I I j11s1 1I11 11-I1.11 I11- 11-Ils 1111-. I111

I-FRY! Kirk. B111 1I11-11 I s"l11r11-1I 111 1'1-11ll1' 141-I g11111I 111 11-.1Iki11gI1111-k\\';1r1Is.

lIri.111 1;1ll1-1I 1111- 11111- 11111n1i11q, ;\11\1'. 1ir1-1|. ;1111I I 1I11111gI11 11I .1II 1h1- 1I1i111gs I11-'s I)i1I 1~1111 1111I1'1-1- I/111! 1-1111 11111 11-1-11 1'11r

QUI 1111 lI11- pI.1111- 111 N1-11 \11rI1 ri1;I11 111111. I11-1-11 s.11'i1111;1I11111l 1-1111s1-r\'i111.; 1-1111r1-111-rg1- guiiig I1111'I-:1-111111 in lI11- 111111.
I f11r 11-I11-11 il's i1111111rl.111l. If it's 11 11-i1I1- I 111-\-1-r 1-1-1-11 11111i1-1-1| 1I11- 1111- lI11- |il'.\|
I-'1-1111k \'.1I1l.111s 11-.1111s 111 1111-1-1 1-1111.

11-.1111 1-1111 111 I11- 'I'III-'. I-L'R\'." I I1.11I

i11 sI1111. 1I1111'1 gi\'1- i1 .1||. S.1\'1-- il for 11-I11-11 1i1111- I s.111- il. $111111-I1111I1' s.1\s 1I11-11-'s .1

r1-.11I 1I11- s1|'ipl. I'1I r1-.11I 1I11- I11111k I11-- 1-1111 l1.11-1- 111 1I11 11 1-I11s1-1111. I lis11-11 111|1i1n l1ir1I I'l1'i111g I1.11'k11-11r1Is.'
11111
1'.1\|sr I k111-11- I1'i.111 11-.1s 1I11i111g i1. II1-'s1111' 111111-. I-'.\1-1-1-1I1i11q l11- ~.;1i1I 11-.1s s111111-1hi111; I Uh. 1l1111 r1-111i111Is" 1111-. s111111- 111-1111I1< .11~

ll's I'1111r11-1-11 r1-.1|I1' I1;11I 111 I1-.1r11. .\'11w I ;1sk 1111-s1-II, 111.1Il1- lh1111_1gI11 I \\.|s 11 \-iII.1i11 1I1r11111;I11111l
I'ri1-111I .1111I I 11-.1s' i1111-r1-s11-1I. .1

1'1-.11-11I1I i11 1I11- I11111k .1111I I1I11111ul11."()l1, "II111\- I1i_1; is 1I1is sI111l'.' .\r1- 1-1111 1-1-.1Il1' (l.\RRII-l. 11-I1i1-I1 npss 1111-. 'I'h1-1- 1I1111'1

1111-."' l|' 1'1111'1-1- 1;111111.1 s1-1- 1111' 11111I1-r.s1.1111I. I-.1-1-11 11-I11-11 I sl1||'l <1-1-i111; 1I11-
111-II. _I111Ii1- I-'11s11-1'." S11 I 1Ii1I11'11-\-1-11|111r- 1;1111|1.1 s1-1-

IIri.111 I1111I s.1i1I .11 11111- |111i111 lh.11 I1111I1' 111111-1-1111-111s. I'Il Q1-I i11111 i1 |1I11-si1'- 1'11|11- s111111- |11-11|1I1- s1ilI lI1i11k I'111 i111111 1111-
s111- 1I1.11.
\\isI\ wt-1-ks 111111. I 11-h11I1- 1I1i111;. 'Il1;11 1I111-s11'1 111.1k1- s1-11s1-.
1I11-1-1- \\'11s' .1 |111ssiI1ili11-. II1-s s111'I1 .1 1111111.! .1II1-. I I k111-11- 1l1.11 111-11

1111111.111's 1Ii1'1-1'111r. I 11-1111I1l l11\'1- 111\111rk 111i1gl11 l11- .1li\-1- 1111I.11'. Kirk k1-1-ps 11-IIi111; 511111111I'1I11-11-1-i1-11-sIn-.11Is.1\'1I1.11 I'111i11
.\111I 'IIII-. I-'l'R\' I1.1s' 1111-. \'1111'1'1- g11i111; 111 I1.11-1- .1 I11-iIIi.1111 11111I11-11-I111I1-1I1i111;. I 1I1111'1 Iik1-I11-i111;111is-
11-i1I1 |1i111 .1I1\-111-1".
1-.1r1-1-ri|'\'1111s11r\i\1-1I1isliI111." 11111I1-rs111111I, I111.1\1s1 I 1I111111;I11 1111- 111-11
I11-1-11 lI11- 11111s1 1'l1.1Il1-111;i111; |1;1r1. I'|11 1;l.11l
111 I11- 1'l1.1II1-11111-1I. I 1\';1s 11Is11I111|1p1- I111 1I11- Iflml 1I1'1I 1-1111 1/11 I11 //1-1/1111-u _1-1111r\1-l_/'! I111-11111111-0 \\'11s 1111-111' 1-I1-.1r.
I I11111k1-1I-1111111 1I11-s1- 111.11"I1i111-s i11 .1 II11:1-1Ii1/1-1111 1111-1! S11-1-1-11 .\']11'1-II11-1-111'
first 1i1111- 111 I11- 1111111I11-r 11111- 1111 1I11- 1-11lI 111-1

1I11-1 r1-.11I 1111- I1r.1i11- IIri.111 s1-1 lI1.11 1111 .1I111111 11 1-1-.1r-.1111I~.1~
sh:-1-1. X1111111111111-1-111111sk, I)i1IlI11-1-1-111 s1-I11111I s1'1-111- 11-l11-r1-

11f 1'1111r film?" I11-1-1111s1- (I11-1' 11-111-1-s ;1111I I |11'.1k1- 11 |11111I1-I 1r.1i11 111111-1-. .\I1' I1;1II'11g11, 11-I11-11 \v1- \\-1-n- 1I11i11_1; (I.\RRII-'..
11111 11111
11Iph;1 \\'ll\'L' .1r1- |11r111-1I i11111 1-I1-1'|ri1- 1-11r- I'1111'1-1- 111111~ [i1-1111' :1-[H1 S11-1-1-11?
1"1111'l1-111 1111- 11111.

I)11 1-1111 lhiula 1111- .\'1'ri/1! fur THE r1-111. lIri1111 I1.11I g11111- 111 1"I11-1-k 11111 this \\'h11111I1I1'1111H1111?
I-'1/I1I'1'.1 I11-II1-r II11111 1111- bun/1-I 1-1|11ipm1-111, ;1111I (I11-1 s1'l 1111 this 1111-1-1i111; I j11.\'I I11-uni 1/111! 1-111111-111/11-r1-. I I11-uni
I11-111-r. I 11-.1s r1-.1II1' I11r 1n1- 1111111 111 1I1isIillI1-i11sli11111- .1111.I gt! (I111! 111111 11-1-rr 11':-irig :1-ilh S11-1-1-11 11111! I1i.1
| I'I11- s1-ri111 is 111111I1

1Iis1111p11i11|1-1I 11-I11-11 1-1*r111i|1 11111115 11-1'r1-I1-II h1111k11I11p i11l11 il.

I1_ \\;|s ki111I 11I' Iik1- i11 1l11_qI.'In11r.
11111. I111! h111\- 1-1111 1-1111 Iilln
s1cl115 11I' R11I1- lI11- lm I11-1";1\1s1- I 11-1-111 111 {Ill"I1 .1lph.1 ()11r1I111; I-.I1111-r.
1

I.1 il I 1111- II1111 I-.'!m1-r 111/11111

511-1-1-11s] 111111 m1 1"|111r.1tl1'1'
111 |.-\111Ir1:\\' 1' right 11IT. 11111I lh1-1- l111.1k1-1I .11 1-.11"I1 111I11-r 1 11 _1_111i11_q

I'I1-ing 1I1r1111gh 11ir, visiliig 1-;11-l111lh1'r?

1I11- kind 11I' lI11- 11-111' ll\1-1-1I11i11 1I11-I'il|11. I 1Ii1I 'I11I11 in !I11- /ilm 1-1-r11'1111 11] IIII~. Il'l[.'
i11l1'11si\-1- 1-11urs1- 11-i1I1 l|11-111 11-I11-r1 I .\'111 .1|11'1n11r1-. 'II11-r1- 11-.1s 11 1i|111- 11-I11-11
I was i11111 1h1- ps1-1"I1i1" 11spc1-1 m11r1- II11111 1111

1I111l' 1-1111I1_I I1-111-11 I111\\- 111 _1;1-1 1I1-1-p1:r in111 1I11: I11: 11-11s g11i111; 1111I11 1I1.11. R11I1(I11l11-11,1I11-
11111-1I1i11g 1-I51-, 111-rI111ps I11-1-11us1:
wI1111 1111- 1-I111r111-11-r is :1II 11I1u111. .-\II (I111! 1IiI'I'1-r1-111 sl.111-s <1I1"1111s1*i1111s111-ss. I \\'11Hl- pr111I1111-r. knows I-111111-r. 'I'11 k1111\\- I-'.I1111-r

I1ul il's v1-r1 I111r1I I11 1-1I 111 f1-1-I lI11- Cll$1|lIullS .111 I \\1111'l do is I-ll11\1-r, .1111| I11 1I.1sI11-1| lh.11i1I1-.1
111 I11\-1-
s(11I'I' I';1s1-i1111l1-s 1111-,
pI111111- 1I1i11gs i|1 1I11- IiI111. 111-1111111I. h11l I I11-.1r I-'.I1111-r I11sl lI11- p.1rl 111
n-1uk1-lI111ls11r1oI'1I1i11g 11-111'k11|1I'iI111.
sumr G1-rm;111 sI11-|1h1-r1I 11r $111111-lhing. It's
I
ll11z111I1'1l1-u11j'1'r.11 n11-1-/ [J1-Iu1m11?
I m1-1 IIri1111 111 .111 11111Iili1111 I11r S'I\R jusl 11s 11-1-II. I 11-1111I1I|1'1 11-.1111 him 111I1--.11'1-
by Lu J1. W.-\I{S. G1-11rg1: Lucas 11-11s s1-cing pe1ipI1- humc.

54
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In pl. l).|lI'llll\. 'l'lus kill is .| nninq

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'1 J" vyus, lNHIII|ll\|_{ \'nirv just wall; All nvvr
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,1 l$l~l.\RS ur .\lII\\l'llIlI\\1 lllll ll\i\ kill is su|
ii D~ 1
l H YS\'ll lu lac llll i\l\lll'l\fll. llv 1.m'l |usl
' a lac sonar \'llIl\l|\l]> [rum Jrnlllul ilw rnrn
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cr. llr l\.|slnl11' iusl -I \'\l|ILflHf-|\'ll)| In lu-
ln.'liv\.|l>l\'. .\ml um mu (XIII Yl.lll\ M."
l).\.\lll*lX \\.is slml can .1 l\\'1'l\'n~-\\'vck
. " _""._ql". scliuliilc. limsily mi lnmlinn in (iliingugu
9 ;|ml \||1]iL'Y \\'is1 nnsin_ and is l\1)\\ in |msl~
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a
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2.
1., sri|\u'iuv. l'lu- film will luv Tll(,l\lll lliis
Q Q. ' _ suinnivr.
~ ~ ' l)c|u'mlim.1 mi llu's\1ru-ss ul (i.\ll'..\ ll.
lcriilunl .|lrn'.nl\ l\.|s tun l'urlhcr wqiivls
"' in llll' mill. In lhc I\l'Xl mu, lu-'ll lw lll
In's l .m- l vr s n -c.i rl\ |\\<- nuns .\ml ll
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lvn
m llll f-mi-uh IIHC lwll ll! Jlllllll .5, un
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his nuiy ln _\rin.n;c\llmi.
lh-rnli.ml's rum'u|ii ul' ,-\rin.n;rnl1lnnI
l \\-ml\ln'l lrll \u\|. ll wonlml gi\'1 it
;i\\.iy. Hm it's rcrminly mu .m .muuir
lllllll. l-In-| -if ilic n\.|lh'r_ ilumqli. if \'lI\l
llllil; l\.|nl in iliis um". yuull srr \\-h.n i|s
\1Ul|1lll|llIL'."
Ihm .\'Im\'

.\l()i\'l'.\ll'..\"l'
.\l(lXli,\ll:\"l' is llw |Il'l)jCl'l Ill. i|n|1'-
FY pumlmil prmlmrr lulm l-lnry and his
S|i.|r1-l'ilms lnr. unup.i|\y, lmsul nu lln
l'r<'qucmly .|nllmlu\;izul nun-ll.| -if llic
s;nm' iiilc by l.lu\'\l lii\;\.{l('_]l, iinmlily .||
|i='.|rin|; in _]nl\n \\'. (I.|||\|>lu'll\ 4l!l||[u_|_' I.

__. .u llury pnul\|\nl \lm\|||n'||l.\r films in

Xrw \'nrk_ \\'urk\~1l .1! l.|r.mm\|m .|ml \\-.is
an rxc|\|li\'r .\l l..i\lm;u\ Kukldkn .\l(l.\l'-
.\lli.\"l' \\ill lac cli|'\'ru'i| l|\' l'lur\', \\l|u has
('nll.\lI1br;|!(ll --n llic kTk\lllll.l\' with
l"ligglu.
'l'l\c liilm (nlll\'l'H,\' lhc slrugglr ul .1
lu'ln\u]|>gi\'.ill\' \|i1su|il\isli1".|l1'1l r.|rr |i\'-
im; rill 4|: \lllS]HIlll'll pl.mu1 .|s lhcy liqlil
.n4;iinsi li\l 1-nrruln limum nl .| \.|sl (i.il;|<'-
lit lu||1pin'. .| cunlvsl lcss nl lmuc lurrc
llum ul inqrmlily .|ml \\ill. l-lnry has
n\\'|I\'1l lhr lilm ri|_{lIl\ In llw Biqqlr |i|'1>|l-
rrly fur sn'\'|:Y.|l puns. A|Il .uquirril il l7L'-
rziusu hr lcll il ul|'x'n'd .| m'\\' ilin'1liun
fur ll\l' .\riv|n'r lirliim lilm qcnrc, .m .|ll\'I-
n;m\'r II) ll\l' |nu|iiim\.il "s|i;n'c u|n~r.i
slinul '1-m up Alf lIlliY1\lll\' l'rum s|i.uc"
sln|'\li|lL. .\lU.\ll'.\ll'.\"l'. liu\\'r\'rr. will
l|.|\w- -xu'nsi\c \l\\l.ll rllm ls, s|wil'i<.|lly
llll pics:-m ul lhr l".m]iin~'~ \':m inlvr
1-

slclllu AlrIIllllA~ 'lln- pir|un- will lic lilmul

primzirily in llu l'l1ili|Ipim.-s \\lu~n* ;\ m'\\
mulli~milliun <l~ll.ir film l.ilmr.|mry \\'.|.\
rccvmly \'lIlISl|\ll'll(l. l-lnry is in\'rsiig;|l-
inq llir usv nl' lll'('|H7lIl( mzulimg pru-
ccsscs In .|i\l in rrcunling m.my ul lhc pm-
iccl's cl.ilmr.|u~ \'is\|.\| \~fl'1'Lls. .\ lliinl nl
mv n.|mim; lur ll\l' S.-',_uun_n0I| lI\|ll\{(l
has lwvn Y;|lS(kl, lml sumu (lilliuilly has
lu.-on cnrniiiilrrnl in 1>ln.|inim; hm king in
ll<|ll\'\\unll \\'ln:rc suulius srrin inlunl un
prmluring unly S'lI\R \\'.\RS imimlimis.
Flory lus .|lsn ])l.lHIILll Ll surics nl' hig-
lmnlgcl films lmsml on ilu: Cpit _].nncs
lllish ([111]-\ In I[i_|;hl |ulr.|l1>\{y, in ('UllZIll-
nl'.llllil| \\'i|l\ lllisli. 'l'hc film scrics \\'u\ll1l
nlcmil man's cnilqiivsl uf ii\lcrIull.\r spncc
and lluc l'urm;uim\ ul .1 (i.|l;|'lir ri\'ili/.u-
liun.
I.l'llV S. I'i'm/m.\

55
 Shooting begins February 28 on what
promises to he the biggest science fiction
epic ever produced for American tele\*i-
sion. Bttdgeted at $7,000,000, G.~\L.~\C-
TIC.-\ will begin as a three-hour movie to
he broadcast on .-\BC-TV in May, witlt
two additional two-hour sequels lined-up
for production sltould tlte pilot special be
a success. Universal is producing the film,
and is being careful not to conjure any
allusions to ST.-\R WARS, although it ap-
pears obvious tltat the only reason G.~\-
L.-\C'l"lC.~\ is on the slate at all is due to
the success of Lucas' film. john Dykstra
has been natned line producer, and will
be in cltarge of all special effects to be
created at his lndistrial Light K" Magic
facility. lixecutive producers are Glen .-\.
Larson attd Leslie Stevens. Larson recent
ly created .-\llC's ll.<\RD\' BOYS/l\';\1\C\'
DREW l\l\'S'l'ERll-LS. Stevens was creator
and producer of 'l'lll'l OUTER Lll\ll'l'S,
SE.-\RCl*l and the ill-fated INVISIBLE
.\l.~\N with David l\lcCallum. Larson did
tlte original script for G.-\L;\C'l'lC.-\, pre-
viously known as S'l'.~\R WORLDS, and
both he and Stevens are presently prepar-
ing the two-hour sequels in script form.
Three other scripts are in preparation in
the event ABC decides to bring G.~\l..-\C-
TIC.-\ hack as a regular feature in their
i978-79 lineup of special programs.
Larson's script has a basic science-fan-
tasy storyline, but the main appeal of
GAL.-\C'llC.<\ will probably stem front
the special effects work. The story am-
biguously lakes place either in some dis-
tant future or predating mankind on
Earth. Colonial planets in some far away
solar system fall victim to a group of in-
terplanetary terrorists called Cylons, who
are described as physically puny aliens
without acute senses of touch, taste, hear-
ing, or sight. They must wearamultitude
of metallic costuming and electronic
hardware to amplify their ability to per-
ceive their environment." The Cylons'
helmets are deliciously frightening designs
- 1
,4
v
I, .
_. I McQuarn'c s pn~-pm-
.\;
.4, / series 6.4L.-ICTIC.-I.
._ Q -*:"i;,~
r been placed on a
. .
-v.._
,=s..L_"
, -
_. -r.
H.
rm...
,.,.
.2)
/I
. wxr, V _.<
7 executive producer
.-A
witlt giant slits along the facefront that
sees into no recogniI.;tble face. The Cy-
lons destroy the solar system. hut a group
of human colonists escape the holocaust,
searching through space for 1| legendary
thirteenth planet called Earth." The Cy-
lons get wind of the colonists escape and
chase after lltem. Refuge frotn the Cylons
is found for the humans in a gigantic
space cruiser Galactica, belonging to oth-
er human colouials. The duration of tlte
film describes the colonists journey to
Earth in Galactica, with battles against
the Cylons and other variotts t'xtraterres-
trial fiends. The perils described in the
script are many.includingalaser battle itt
space, encounters with a black hole, and
an adventure in an alien City of .\iirrors.
No cast has been signed as yet, but
Stevens wants Lorne Greene to portray
the leader of the hutnan colonials. .~\l-
though not yet in production, Dykstra
has already completed altnost all of the
film's grandiose special effects. at a cost
of SI ,O0l),OO. Some of the makeups will
be designed by Rick Baker and Carlo
Rantbiddi. llaker is reportedly working on
the conception of tnany alien head make-
ups, including the evil Cylon masks. While
most of G.-\|..-\C'|"lC.-\ will he shot on
sound stages at Universal, some location
work may be done at a futuristic-looking
shopping center ilt l.ong Beaclt.
Dykstra, as producer, is pleased with
the latitude of control he ltas in relation
to the variety of special effects work and
live-action drama. Because the lack of
adequate time to prepare storyboards to
be circulated throughout the production
team, the instant liason between Larson,
Stevens and Dykstra, who has a concep-
tion of both optical work and story ele-
mcnts, cuts down on wasted time.
just as we used the 70mm negative
format on ST.-\R \\'.-\RS, G.'\L.~\CTlC.~\ is
being shot in 35mm for reproduction on
your average television set. .-\s well, tele-
vision presents certain limitations visually
that I didn't have to worry about on a
theatrical film like ST.-\R \\'.-\RS. Space-
sltips anti detailed tnodels have to be built
on larger scale, just so the viewer can tell
what they are. l'erspecti\'es also have to
be simplified. Stars and starfieltls propor-
tionally must he bigger and brighter: in
some cases, the stars have a tendency to
disappear because of tlte contrast element
and tonal resolution onscreen. The scope
of the prodttction will in many ways rival
S'l.'\R \\'.'\RS in ambition. yet there is a
time factor to consider. The incerdibly
complex shots in ST.-\R WARS which
took weeks to do, simply cannot he done
in GAL.-\(I'li|(i.-\ in light of how much
time there is, althottgh I ltave learned
sotne shortcuts in effects since ST.-\R
\\'.-\RS, which can he used to an advan-
tage in G.'\I..-\CTlC.~\." Dykstra concedes
that. due to television's need to maximize
quality of product to amount of money
spent, he will employ process photogra-
pity and other trick tnethotls to achieve
the look of what we dont have on hand."
Other effects already filnted include
highly complicated blue screen teclt-
niques merely pioneered in ST.-\R \\'.-\RS.
llis extraordinary Dykstraflex equipment
and computer registration processing
units will be responsible for the ultrzt-real-
istic effects. The interior control room of
the Galactica crttiser will be an accom-
plished integration of both full-si~/.ed and
miniature sets. Several special effects
shots will utilize a moving camera.
Despite U|tiversal's claim that G.-\L.-\C-
'l'lC.-\ meticulously avoids similarities to
ST.-\R W.-\RS, the parallels still seem to
exist. Thankfully, the studio was wise in
packaging the combined talents of Lar-
son, Stevens antl Dykstra to helm the pro-
ject. .-\t least people with some idea of
where to take this kind of story, with
substantial technical anti dramatic back-
grounds attd considerable taste, have com-
plete control overit.
_]effrey Frent-/.en 8: _]ordan R. Fox
The space ark Galac-
tica. tlllt n/ Ralph
duclimt pn|'nl|'ngs
fur the prnposrd
Unitvi-rrnl n~luvi.n'rm
tn a related story,
Univcrsal's proposed
television series of
BUCK ROGERS has
back burner" and
assigned to producer
Leslie Stevens for
further develop-
ment. Story editor
David Gerrold has
reportedly left the
series, after writing
the pilot script with
Andrew Fenady and
purchasing nine oth-
ers from writers
such as D. C. Fon-
tana. J. Michael
Reeves, Tom Swail
and Dick,Morgm.
 l'l..'\Xl-QT Ul" 'l'lll'l l)l.\'()S=\l'R$ is in
tho lnw, luw lnnlgrt t'l.|.ss, hut it spurts :1
lmrslc of tllI\US.|\lfS Jllll 1| rt'|n;|rk:|lil<'
mnnunt nli ;|niin.itiun. 'l'lic l'il1|i||i:|kt-rs
h;ul littlv: niuin-y, but thvy tlitl l\.l\'L' timt.
.iml spcnl smnc l:'| IIl<ll\lll iluing llll s|:c-
Cllll t-ffcrts .ilu-r li\'u ;|tlltII\ pliutngnipliy
was &'0t1||)l|:|1'tl in _]\ily l,I','li.
Tho titlc, ilulilu'r.|tt-ly cxplicil. sums
up thv plul. .\ igrnup nf fiiliirv .\|mt't' tru-
\'v:lv:rs rnish lands on thv |Il.lt\Ll .nul, with

I
liltlc l\0])L'<lfft'St\|l',tt1\ll lt-urn tn sur\'i\c
in .in l'll\'il'lItIIl|l'lll \\-hirh is inst clmrk full
nl' \linus.n|rs. iiwliuling thr main \'ill;iin, :1
ilrliglitlnlly umthy try:||nms;|nrns rcx.
'l'hv ntlritiun mtu JHUIIH; lllt $\ll\'i\l>f!v is
high until llicy l(.lflI In c<|upur.ilv: tn \lr-
lvntl tliciiisclvcs. Shunning .| put s|mt'c
t';i\';ilry Yl't'\lL, tho film lr;i\'cs tlu-in nn
thc plzinrt. rvsignul In living nlll llltlr
ll\'l.\' lhcrc.
._~ ' lm~\'il;ilaly lln: film .uifl'i'rs fnim its lnw
.'In- ' lnitligcl .iml from thc |'il|mn;|kcrs' Lurk u|'
cxpcriciirc. ll is 2| first luzitilrc film fur .il
w~ _ - nmst on-|'\'n|\r in\'nl\'u| .nnl l\I\\ . .|s-
> . v

pct ls uf the |>ru|_l\it'tiun :in- lwlnw pair. 4\s

.| first t-lil'urt, llmngli, it has ninth to ruc-
(tIH1('I\(l il.
Hit niziny .ind mrictl tlilIU.\'.l\lf iimdt-ls
.m.- nutznulinq. They \\'crt~ t'I'l'.|lttl by t-x-
vt'\iti\'t- |IlU(l\lL'll' Sicplu-Ii (I/.crk:|s, \\'illl
;|rn\.itun-s huilt lay \'it'tnr .\'il>lm.'k. lmm
. 1|, " sincwy slrulhimniinm In l'l.ilil>y l|rn|\lu~
s.iurus l\\'lllL'l\ (i[(l'l;.lS ;|nitn.itt-tl liiiiiscll]
lllt :|n' |n;ir\'t~lnuSly klCl.lllL'll. skillfully
t'Xtt'\llC\l lifrlikc \'ft'lll\lfL'. 'l'ht- lyr;|nu~
'," sunnis \\'i(l1.\l.|lltl$ cluxt-n|>s .|tl|nir;il>ly, in
"6!'> ,0-4
-
clmling l\ul luukim; right into his hur
rcmluus j.|\v>. 'l'lnnigh ninxl ul thv tlinu
snurs .m- ;|n;tlu|nit'.illy l';|ilhf\il in uirrcnl
pulcn|1tulu|;ii".il tlu-nry, t|Ht' is zi ringur: .\n
L'X\'CllL'lIl copy uli ll;|rryl1;\||st'ii's t't|nu'tl
rlimlus;|\ir\|s" from Tllli ll]-..-\S'l' FRU.\l
211,000 F.-\'I'llU.\lS wliirli mzikvss 1| t';nm'u

I 1/."
J
I
.ip|n:.|r.im'c. Thu intijnrity uf the t|nin\;|-
tiun is pcrl'ur|m'l In l)mu,;l;|s lh~s\\'irk,
nuw working on l);n\l'nrth's -|_l4\l'-l(;I\l>l.;
Thu juh nfcninpusiting llu: inudcl din~
usznirs with llu: livv nrlinn was lillctl by
\,
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o
,

' .r - _|1llI'lL'5 .\\l|l]lL'Tll. un \\'lIU(' slnry thu

-
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"
./f
Ralph l.n1';is script is l>.|Sttl. llr .|nd CZ!!!-
kus tlcsignt-1| must of thc Cu|II|)I\SlltS.
'l'l\1'y\w:iit tn llIt' \';|squc1. Rncks. (I;|lilnr-
niu, lncutiun t\\-n \u-cks Jhcaid of this livv:

~
4" . - nrtiun crcw, pifkillg zinglcs .|nd prvcisr
('IIHlL'Tll si:tups fur thv: scqut-iiccs in \\~hit"h
lhc LllI\US1|lll' wurc to .|ppt~;ir.
l.i\'t' 2l('lll)I\, umlcr |imd\|t'v:r-tlircrlur
-"/ _..'_ 0-" '
,4.
Iumcs K. Slit-.|, was linishcml in ulmut
lhrcc \\':":ks. 'l'hcn work l>t'g;m on lllt
tU|Y\Pt)lll'S in the ;ll1lII\;|lit1I\ studio. .-\\ip-
pcrlv: p|:rl'oriiu'il lhc mzittc wurk. ITlLll('lIL'(l
'- the zmimuliun inodv:ls' lighting and pur-
e-\i _\,
_
_ spcrlivc to that in thc live zirtinn hark-
gruund plutcs. zind tlitl cnlur |';|l('l\lllg lic-
twcvn mini;il\m- sct pieces and hark-
ground |1l;it|: iinugcs. llc also unilnutcd
the stnithiumiiniis and triccrulnps sc-
(|lu'i\rcs. _|im l)1ll\rtIfll1 pmvitlctl fuur
inzittc paintings for thc film. No distribu-

._,/

, "
timi plans lmvc yut ln:|:n l1;1llZCllft)fllIC
Cinrniu llymunit-s |)l'l>(l\lC\ltH\. I
by S. S. Wilson
Top: ,-I l_\'V|l1l||\1H||S and slrgnxuumx, .\'n-1| in
lL.~I.\'l;1' OI" TIIE l)L\US.-|UR.'. .H|'ddIr: .~|
t-.>;,_\ 1,/' IIar1'\/|m|_n'n t nt_\IIlit'ul -m.-(1,.,.mmt

in
-, _. rlmkrs u hrir] llYl!|'0 Q/1pn|nlv|r1' us an "in"

:i:.~

/I.~. 11~u~m.- .4 Ilvmrrumums.
-.;~

.g,..|'. i .- H
 4
4Ii\
1 V/11m1l|'r1r|'1\'?
N I!
n we are i11 tl1is11t'fi1'e :1n1lrigl11 there i11 the
-I//""1 5"l"-
On the sttrface. .~\lfrv:d S11l1~'s lmrmr
(IO.\l.\lll.\l().\ is :1luri1I.l1l11u1ly.1|1d
fil111
se11s:1ti11|1al sliocker. I1111 astute critics
l1.1\'e seen through the. :11 times. in1'1>n1-
prel1e11sil)le plot and ltailrtl :1 new 1lir1'c-
turial tale11t :11 work. Sole studied in I'.n-
rope at the ;\c:1den1y of l"ine .-\rts and
I11 lJTl he
IUIYI5 U"l\"~f5ll of l'lor1'l11'e.
won first prize at the N1'\\'\nrk Film l"es~
tival foraslturt entitled l);\\'I)Rl'l.'\.\lS.
Sole's first picture, I)I'.I~'.I' Sl.l"ll'.l. ran
In!" l'ill |""l1ll"\$ llllt- I0 I15 Stlflflll
Pl1Yl\I>){Yl\Pl\ll' Iitllllt-Ill lII\1l ll W115 tlul I0
ll\lS t>l\\lI\llY Cl\1\I'R1' lltl l\i>' l1\\'k'f.
Richard K. Rtisetilierg. l>v:r.1111e the pro-
ducer of his tl1ir1l film. (lO.\Il\lUl\'ION.
.-\.\lI-ZRICAN SOAP foII11\\'ed l)IiI-'.I
SI.IlI'1I' and Sole is now working on a
fourth film, another psycliological thriller
tentatively titledGI{.-\\' RII.-\ISOD\'. We
spoke to Sole on the eve of C().\lMUl\'-
ION opening to ecstatic reviews in the
l.11n1l11n press. The filn1 has been picked
up for dislril)uti11n i11 tI1e United States
by Allied Artists a11d l1as undergone a
ghastly title change 111 ALICE, SWEI-'.'I
.-\LlCl-L.
You arr a .r1'lf-1'v11f1'ss1'd Ililchcuckf11~
II11111 (l11'fI is _\1u11r rnmmilnienl
1111111".
U11-Iiurmr/fa111n_ry _q'1|r(',7
Who isn'1 a llitchcock fan? I lean 10-
wards horror as it offers so many varied
opportunities. C()l\I.\lUl\'ION is a "kiIl
me, kill me, and have fun" picture. My
next, GR.~\\' RH.-\ISOD\'. is a different
psychological drama with more character
dcvelopment. I made DEEP SLEEP as a
start in tl1e movies. Tax shelters were
around a11d wl1ere I live there are lots of
lawyers and bankers, so I scroungcd the
money, just to get started. It's been a
long haul with COl\lMUNIOl\I. The film
has been around for I8 months and al-
Mike Childs and Alan Jones are our Lun-
don-based correspondents.
' '
by
Alan
though we won :111 the (lliicatgo
:11\':1r<I .11
l"1's1i\':1l. we 1li1ln't ntalte .1 1listril1u-
$1-'""\ !'"'r1I (.'1).\!.\ll'.\'I1I.\'.
~_l'I'~l~"l_' -ll--7'-i '4"i"-
" 'l'i""""""'_
r.~I|'1l.-11
~'lI"I
.4!,I(.'1._
I~'il1n
I've Ii"/"I H """l""'1' "".l"""' ""1"" lh /'I"'I.S
tinn 1l1':1I straittht 11\\:1\' \\'l1i1l1 1110:1111
f,I:';:.:iUI'('\'.'.;i l'<""V'"'I"['l"';"'- !"'I"";'[I.'l'; kill";
Yet j mm
lIllI\ i11 fur $1111-11' time. (I0ltt1nl1i:1
tl1'l1t
';;:-"I\_'_","";'I";,'I'_( 5"
had the |lIt'l\t|'t' . nriiginally. I went to llol- ml." l;,[",:,.',:""_; I'M! In 1/1. .
m .\u1m.1
|Y\\'""\l I" "H " ll" 1'11""--mil"\1"\\l\vY
.
1-~11.-11,11. .111. .-11/1/1.111.. (.-11;-111,111.
np|1t'1l i1. .\'-111 .\l|i1-11 .\1'tis1s has ll.
Iv.-11111.1"(.11;/111.-111."/1111"").
11111111-11111111 .1111.
\\'I1i1l1 is str:11tqt'. I1e1';111sc they \\'1lttlttl it
urigitially. It's only n<1\\' 1l1;11 I feel 1-1-:1
serttre and :1l1I1- to do what I
s11|1:1I>ly
itng nl'I1yst1-ri:1\'er1' \\'1'll i|11l1n_s1'|1:1rti1"\1-
l1t|'st'1't1t'.
want rather than inake films like Ill-'.l-Ll thul _\-1111! f|I1YYIl 1u1111
'I'/11' A/i'In1 :1'11,\ 1'11
I Ill.
of I1111i'r.wn, .\'1-:1-/r'r\'1-_\~. ll'n.\1'1 [um-Iy a
I"
U11: 1r1.11'ru1r 1/11' \1'n'1-1|pI11\' r1'|'!l1
l11uIg1'l11r_\' 1'um'1'r1|, nr rlirl you 111'1'I1l/I111
l1'n.r1'mur_\' It'1'!tn_ iuliy vlivl you 11'11111 In
z1'ril1' Il1|'.\'fn1rI|'1'11/11r 111111"?
(I().\l.\lIl.\'ll).\' was n1:11le I1ec:1use the ltoth, really. 'l'l11- 1111111 Ivntlqet for the
1"l1:1r.1r11-rs i|1 it \\'1'r1-|11'<1pI1" I ktiew. They
film was S-lll(l,lI(ll'l. \\'1- were 1':1i$i111.g f\1111ls
the .s:1|11e time we wt-re slumtiing the
were not 11111r1l1-rers, hut there was :1 real :11
|1i1'tur1'. \\'e ltatl t11stup:11 11111-p<1i11t he-
.\lrs. 'l'r1'iluni and l".1th1'r T11111 i11 1111'
11
1'l1ur<'l1 in
1'.1\1s1- 1l1e 11111111-y ran 11111. 'I'I11~
life. .\ls<1. when I \\'.1s little I \\:1s t'rigl1|1'11- ;1I\\-ays qrrat place to
etl by the st.ttt|t's i|1 the 1'l111r1'l1. I11 fart l'.1tterso11 \\'.ts :1
the wl111l1' .1111l>ie|11'1- 11l';11'l111r1'l1. 1111111-. is nittnler $111111-11111-, so I tl11>11g|1t. I1g:1\'1-1111'
the feelitig tl1:1t if $111111-11111 \\':1s heing
une of ft-.1r. I nsctl it :1s:1(i11tl1it'1':1stI1'. trues on as usual, \\'hi1"h is
The .\l:1ss is take my Imily and 1111' hluud. 11111r1l1-red. life
tltonqlit it woultl he \\-h:1t Ilit1"l11"m'k puts :11'n1ss so well. Ilere
it is s:11"rifi1'1'. I :1
:1
good Itlt'.l tn I1.1\'1- :1 inttrder going 1111 tI\I|"
l1:1tl1r1111n1 s11111el1111ly ruultl l1e n1ur1lere1l
ing the ritual (In|11|111111io11 with those Iit- k|111\\' it. I love that :1s-
tlc igirls. :1ll sy111l>oli1' hriiles of (Ihrist. I and we \\'u11l1l11't
pert of fiI111111:1kin1; and that's 11-l1:1t
h:1\'cheen:1n'\1s1'1lofIieinig:111ti-(I:1tl111lic.
GR.-\Y RII.~\lS()I)\' deals \\'itI1. Ilue 111 a
That just isn'1 true. I \\~:1sn't 1n;1ki111.; any
$1.111-|11e11ts :1l11111| the Clnirclt. It \\':1s1>11ly
three s1~1"11nd l1ri1"f1-11111111111-1' :11 the start
of the pietttre, the 111:1i11 1'l1:1r:11't1-r's wlinle
tl1.11 milieu I \v.1n11~1l to use.
'1 Ihv /1111111111-j11.\'1 1| hi! 11m I111]/IiI1y1_1 life is ruined. D11 many people rt-:1li"/.1' tl1.11
I111
fur _\|;l1r1n'1'ru';'|' I111rmr]}u|I' just hy one person ttntcliiltg you. you :1f-
feet eyt-rylimly elscs life? I'm very into
\'1>11're ri1;l1t.11t'ru11rsc. I \\'.1ss1'.1re1l 111
that \1'.1y of lonkiitg :11 life.
go near .\lrs. 'l'retl<111i i11 case I gave :1\\':1y
the story 11111 early. It was :1 str111't11r:1I I.\|1 '1 .~lIp/1n11.11- I11 .\'u[l1*'.1' grn11'.rq|11-
[Hl7fY11_\'1|f nf 1/11" [111 !111111l11r:l n11I11'r
1111-
and 1lire1t11ri:1l ])ft)l7l(III 1l1:1t I l1:11l to n-li1'f1'11 1111*/T1111?
111-1'1_rs11ry 14111111
lmpe \\'11rke1luut. 'I'l1e111urtler1'r's 1n111i\':1-
I guess linilgct only :1II11\\'e1l11s
so. 'II11'
tiun is :1 little woolly hut it doesn't tli1ni11-
to provitle him with one set of pants, as
ish t|1e sl1111'ks.
llilil? he is 11l1\'i<1usly :1 big man we had to :1111l
It'I1_\' 1/11'_/11111 x1*11'11
1.1
its str1>1\g- get lIttlI1 special ordered. his idea 11f S11
Because tlte Cl\\ll'Cl\ was :1t
1l1e11. Catherine [tl1en111tl1er| heing :1
tl1e pt-e-stain went wildly over the top.
est
I1\1t we l1:11l to let l1i111 get on with it.
good Catholic \\'ol1l1l11't h:1\e re-married.
'Il11'.r1"1*111' 111/11'r1* .-lI1'1'1.1lru11gI1'.1 1I11'r111
Families went to Clturcli as :1 group; :1ll llnw
z11u.\' 1/1:11 r1n111'?
the relatives would get together. .-\n1l 1'1 q11|'11' .\'1ru11_q.
most important. tl1e l\lass was still said i11
looks like she I111rts it. hut she
I1
doesn't :11 :1ll. It was :1 series ufquick cuts
Latin. I think we carried it off well. I
didn't want an overe1nph'.1si1.e1I Il11lly- that I tliought was important. Ihad to
show ;\li1e was capalile of doing that sort
woud I96I. I wanted it :1 bit surrealistic.
We screwed up over the phone h1111th,I1ut
of thing, \\'l1iel1 was of course to throw
tl1e audience off guard.
we robbed it as we wanted the directory
'I'I11'r1- arr 1111111 .r11r[1r1'.r1' 1-11.11|'r1g1 [11 1111'
for another scene. A lot of people think I.11ul11 .\l1'll1-r (_/11.11111 .\I1ll1~r's 111110),
the PSYCIIO poster is a bit tacky too. _/ilm,
Ilnrlml((i1'urg1' Ruy IIi!l'.r 1v1'f1').
It/I111! are yn11rf1'1l1'11g1 abnul using 1'x~
Lnu1's1'
L1'll1'a11 R0111 and Iirmikv Sltivlrls.
plivil blood a111/grin? didn't have any money for 1::1sti11g
The way (IO.\Il\lU1\lION is cut makes it I :1
10
director. so I mailed the screenplay to the
look more bloody lh:1n it is. You prohab-
ly thought you saw more tltan you a1tuaI- four top agencies i11 New York. It began
to get read by lut of people and all
ly did. If that's the cas1'1henl'm pleased.
11
these people rang me up. I didn't pursue
ll shocks, a11d I'm glad. I went to see a them. Estelle l;1rsons wanted to play
cheap mafia movie once and no one
blinked at the violence, but when one of Aunt Alice but the Screen Actors Guild
wouldn't let l1er do it o11 a deferred pay-
the characters spat, the audience gasped.
We are so jaded toward violence these
ment basis until they read the script and
days that I wanted to say, lley, when liked it. By that time. it was too late fur
Estelle. But we made tI1e first union film
you kill someone, it hurts." I purposely
used parts of the hody that an audience in history on deferred payments, as the
Guild let us continue. BrooI1es mother is
could relate to. When Aunt Annie gets
a friend ofmine, and after this she turned
stabbed in the foot. well, everybody has
stabbed his toe at some stage. And when down .'\UDRliY ROSE and did FRI-l'l'f\'
B/\B\.
Dominick gets hit repeatedly in the
mouth with a hrick. a lot of people have What an your plans after filntirig
phobias concertiing their mouth. At the GR.-I I Rll.-I!S()I)Y7
I wa11t to write some more screenplays
Virgin Islands I-ilm Festival a child psy-
chologist asked me if she could show the with Rosemary Ritvo. \\'e have one idea
at the moment. a black comedy about the
lm at one of her seminars because she
Medici family. I1 involves lolts of stab
wanted her children to realize that viu-
lence isn'1 fun like it's portrayed on TV bings, poisunings and death!
I
cop shows. I think I put across the feeI-
L
lN\'.'\Sl()N ()l*
'l'Hl-'. B()l)\' SI\'.<\'l'Clll~lRS
___. .-\n u|t1l:1t1~tl r1~111.1lu- .|n1l 11-I/:11-I 111 D1111
5i1'g1'l's lmrrnr c'l.1s.si1 11f the \.|n\1' titl1'ln--
K-_ 1"\ g.n1 slttmting ()1t11l11~r ill l'1>r pr111l111'1~r
'~s~ Rnhvrt Solo mt S.1n l'r.1n1'is1'1| l111'.tti1ms.
4.. ~_ Solo zmd his Suln l'i|nt.s l|n'., in .1n .1t-
tvmpl tu 1'mul.1tt- tho kiml 11l'pr1|tl111'tiu|t
sccrtsry \\'lti1"lt sttrrmtiidt-tl Cl.()Sl-. l-..\'-
C()Ul\"l'l"ll{$ U1" 'l'lll"l 'l'lllRl) Kl.\'l), l\.1s
lmrrctl pn-ss from thc scts ;n11l lnt'.1ti1n1s.
A ll'I|nI .1r1' tltcy trying tn luscp s1~1'rt't you
may wull .1.sl;? 'l'h1' urigitul lJ:'i6 .\lli1-1l
.\rIists fil|11 is .1 cult f;1vnritt~ .1n<l was
liusctl 1m thc pnpttlur lurk l~'im11'y 11m'1-l
'l'!11' Hn1I_\' Smllr/11'r.\.
I\'t'\\' film st.\rs l)<>n.1lg,l $\tthcrl.1n1l in
thv: Krvitt .\lt'(I;trthy r1>l1'. .1 city lu';1lth
ittspvctur whn tlis1"1>\'crs t|\.1t pml pru-
plu" are rt-sputtsilrlv fur \1rl>.1n 1l1'1'.1y. \\'.
I). Riclttvsr adds s1'\'t'r.1l nc\\' plut clctttcttls
lu his Stiflpl. imltttlinq li])stt'\'it'L' to 1-1111-
ogy. Spurcs tr;t|1.smit .1 1|isv.ts1' tltrmtgh
the rityk w;1tcr .1|t1l fnutl supply \\'hi<'h
f:1t"ilit.tt1'.s thc "|mtl"t:1k1-uvvr.
lhil K;1\tfm;1|1 tlir1~t't.s. K.ntfm.11\'s pru-
\'i11\1s 1'r1'1lits inrlutlv tltr |n1~|n1>r;1l1l<' off-
hcut filtn (}()l1l)S'I'l-.l.\' llflliil), \\'lti1'h in-
lcnninglt-d :1 1l<1c11|nc1it;1ry .1ppr1a.11l1 (in-
tt'r\'ia-w with .1uth<1r .\'t-lsutt .\l1_'r1'nl with
fztntatsy clvmcnts (L1111 Gillwrt as tln: pru-
phvt l".lij;1lt in rnnt<'mp1>r.1ry (Zhi1':t1;1>).
Kuufmzm hull l1c1:n ;1t1|11n1n1"t~d ;1s tlllL't'Il)I
on thc off-.1g;1in-1111-;n;;1i11 ST.-\R l'Rl.K
fvulttrc, ;1n1l rcpurtctlly ;1sl;t-1| l1l'UI\1lTtl
Xittt1iy to .1p|)c;1r in l1\'\'.-\Sl().\' Ul" 'l'lll".
l$()lJ\' $X.'\'I'(Illl-LRS us .1 rvsttlt 11f their
;tssmi:ttiutt nn that :';1rlicrpruj1'1't. Nimuy
plays :1 |1.syt"lt1>l<|gi.st who l1t~fri1'n1ls Suth-
1'rl;1ntl ;1n1l thrn s\t1'1'1nnl1s tn the putl
4,
|ncn.iu'. .\'itnny's mlr in thv: film ;1p|>1-.1rs
I/ tn ln: svtnmlttry. .15 he stnyctl rm luc;1tin11

_\,
unly ;1h111tt ;1 mtmtlt lncfurr \ll|l1lt'llt\).{ lic-

\\
1
ccmlicr -1. Sliuntittg uf thv n1ntt|>li1'.1t1'tl
- cffccts ltltc putls arc cnlnrful. 1;r1'<'t1tl1"\'ils
,_
J that literally tltgttlf their victims) is still
living ctnttplctvtl.
Also c.1st ;1rc llrunkc
.-\1l.1ms .1nd \'<'r-
u11i1";1 thc l):1nu \\'y11tt'r;ttt1.l
(I;1rt\\'ri_1;l1t .1s
(Iurnlyn _|1:11cs rli;1r;1ctcr.\'. I)1m Sicqvl. tli-
M rt.-rtnr of the uriqinul film, has .1 uttttvu
rulc 11s :1 <".1h 1lrivcr. K1'\'in .\lc(I;1rtliy, st;1r
nf the urigittztl film, ztlsnl1;1s:11"111m:uml1:
us lhc pods first victim. Unc snurrv dc-
scriln-1l thv: upcning :15 .1 |nntlifi1":tti1m of
tht' 1't\<lirtg of Sivigt-l's film, with .\l1'C11r-
thy runningnntnttl>ttsyltighw;1y.only to
be struck tluwn 11n1l killtul 11s hc scrvszttns
You'rc next!" .'\l the film '5 vml, Suther-
Iuml is thc lune s\tr\'i\'<1r nf thc p11dt;1l;c-
uvrr, resulting in :1n ttitdiscluscd shtick
cntling." Unitcd Artists will rclvt-;1s1: lull: in
I978.
jt-jfr1'_\' I"r1-11!:1*v1

tatrm(nt --1 04.111-111.;14s|11..w1.1-111 111111:-111111111111. 11 11111.

CINl>.h\NlAhlIQ\'l> _-|u11t-11111111. '41!"/77. 1| 11.-.111".-1
1111.111=1|\. L1] .~|1 --t -1--11 11.111111 4. 11.) .11-111111 1111111 rtpttnn
prnr nn.un.4|1.1-1.11.-1.1-1111..-.1...1t11=--111111-1111111-11 -1:1
.\'.t.--1111-11-4.1111 P111 1111.11.41 1.111112. s||.1-.111-11--1111" 1111-1'
1411111111 1.1114 11 41. 11> Nzmrt 111.1 1.-11191111 1.1.1.1..-.-|p1m|1
.1m.m-1-11 11111 1111111,. 111.1." Puhluhrl irrdrmk .s.1:11111.
em N. |.--mt-1111.011 P111 |tt1111-1100102.91-I11-11: 111111-1511111,.
mp 1.1111--t: 111111 11 1.111= 111111 11 m.n>x11--~11 111--an--1-am.
1111111;-.111-.111-1--11111 11.11111. 111.1114" 11...". 11111111111111.1111
111" --t 111-111.111-11 1) mu
11.9.41 pmttl. tum lalrugr 11.-1
utplll 1-.111 111114 11111111; 911.1-11; 12 mnnthnl, tusou 11.11111
11--. .1-pm --t1|11;1 111114 ;1.11.1.111=111-=1"-1 1-- f|l|n| 4111-). tum
W11 lIH\llJlllII\I 40:: 111-1111. unu 4-111111). 1h.') mu 11111-
1-11p11.-111- 1411211--1.;-p,15s1|1111111i. 101 > 1.-1.1 1-.111 11111111-

11111 55141-1.;=),4ss1;141:11.1). 1041 rm 1111111111111.-1.; am

(nvrt L 230 1.111111). |0<) 11-111 1lutr\hutm|r 'vIl'_'-I laurugrl;
ss91If:1111.1|. ton utptn 11111111111141.1111. -:04: 11111.11), not
11111.1). tum 11-111111111--111 11-11 1,111. 21:11 (1-111,11). :02 111
11.111. um 1--111. nun 111-11). 105001111-111. int--11.11
lhn 111- 11.111-111-1111 111-<11 1 11- 1.-"=11 1-1.1 iumplrlr
1-14 1141-1-
hedrnrln s. (2111:. IIWIIII.

(.I|r1'.t!o[thrr Lee us I.nnl Smnn|eri'sIr untl Brill Eklunrl ut ll'iIIuu' an
1""/vl'l4!l !""" I/" ll'i15ll'. IL I'll (II-ll will rrrtr of TIIE lt'I(.I\'I'.'R .\l.-IN
it-nil /hr I/tr rl]:!1!l1Y|g' clniidr In /nus In/.011 n'stm1t'n,e ji'[n1in_q.
l was delighted to see the latest is-
sue |6:Il| with its ctt\'er a1|1lt'o\'-
cntge on 'l'lll \\'l(IKl;l( .\l.-\.\'.
Christopher Lee has spoken fre-
quently and fondly regartling this
project, and perhaps your well-
written researching may be the
shot in the arm it neetls. lcertain-
ly hope so and certainly :tppreci-
ate the fine job you'\e done!
ROBI-lR'l' lll.()Cll
Lns Angeles, California
You say Tllli \\l(IKl-IR .\i.\X was
neter relrasetl in the United
Slates. Cheek your f.1ets;gt't your
sources straight. Tllli WlCKl:lR
.\l.>\.\' definitely played in San l)i-
ego in '7-I or '75. lf that doesn't
mean a "release i11 tlw llnitetl
States," perhaps we shottltl he
part of Mexico?
BILL RICH.-\Rl)S().\'
39'_'O'/2 .\iissisippi, San l)it-an (I.~\
l.-I1'!ttall_\'. fl lf||t',t!t '1. lt'r tnt-nlinn-
eil iIteSnn Iegu VlIl!|Xt' \IlIl ten-r
In tn! [mgr J3. ltkim.-r llmt film
0/I1Iltti [he ]|'Im in .-lllimlu. I'll-are
up-'I|t'nt-I in-r-' men/\ /or lhe
piirpvue uj x-tlirjittiiig l'.S. ,ttnz'1'nt-
men! ItL\'-S'lt'fItV lunar and do no!
tnnslilnleu "rel-u.tr."|
.~\fter seeing in your new issue
that the Tllli \\l(IKER .\l.~\.\'
wottltl have its oifieial LE5. prem-
iere in New Orleans on October
'13, lam rortfusetl. l saw the film
in the first week in October in
.\I|'nm'npn!1's, at the Wnrlrl Thea-
tre. The lm had a Warner Bros
lugu and l'ariet)' listed it as a
llemipshere Pictures release!
l found 'l'llE WICKER MAN
tn he an exceptional film. The Bl
60
poor material, sloppy prutluction,
---
tttinttte version works very nicely.
llefinitely :1 first-class film which
takes the genre to a new level.
Ml(Ill/\l-Ll. l). l..-\N(i
.\linneapolis, Minnesota
[We unrlerrlmid your not/t|.t|'nn.
.-lcluully, ,-lliraxus Filnts 11] .\e1e
Urlenns. trhu own 1-.\'cIntit<r l'.S.
anti Ciinudimi di.tlr1'!mIimt rig/ilr
In Tllli ll'IL'I\'l'.'R M.-Ir\' were run~
(used! 'I'Itry are fth_ti'n!I_\' t'n!tIim-
plating Iilignlioti atruinrl IIemis-
/rlterr lir!nn-x, /or IIn'irunuu!/mr-
ized d|'.r!r1'lml|'nn n_/' llte /ilvn. T/tr
[vrinl _vnn raw tmr um :1] llie uri-
gimrl lt'un1--r Hm: copies, pmt-i'd-
ed In IIrm1'.t]1Iirn- Ivy .-flvraxiis for
l'itkfY|g ]lllI1IlIX|S only, telten
II:'nt|'_t]2/|en' expressed ittI1'n'_rI in
Inilrlintr an cerlailt I-~rn'rnm'uI
tlislrihtilimi I-iglils In !Iti']iInt.l
'l'he plot of 'l'lll-l \\'lCKliR .\l.-\N
is similar to that of a lEl7l 'l'\-
motie called Bl..~\(IK NOON. in
which a minister (Roy Thinnes) is
lured to an isolated western town,
and systematically corrupted by
the townsfolk (who include Ray
.\lilland, \'\'ette Mirnieux and
llenry Silva). It turns out that
they are escapees from the Salem
witch hunt, who must periodical
ly renew themseltes by a blood
sacrifice to Satan. The minister
tntlS up being burnt-tl alive, while
suspentled by one leg, liked the
llangetl Man in the tarot cards.
S.\\'lSE
Vancouver, BC,('.'1natla
You people are not to be bcliev-
ed! You devote an entire maga-
zinc tn one movie; you have me
drooling in eager anticipation fur
.-\ l.E'l"Tl-IR FROM LORD SU.\l.\lF.RlSLl-1
lt'Ii.-n (.I1ris1npI|1-r Lee rx/m'.ts-
ed |'.\'lre1ltt' dis/vIeasvm' at smite of
David Ilnrlltnlmm-n"r c:nnmer1l,r
rimcrrning his perjm-ntnnce as
Ltml Smnvnerisle in any issue dl-
rnlrrl In 'I'IIl:' l\'I(.'!\'EIt' r\l.~l.\' (6:
3:9). I rneuumgrtl him In pul Itir
nhjeclimts in u'n'lin_t1. 'I'/11' ]nIluw-
ing is mi exerrpl [rum nt7tt'YfL\'
_!rne|'nns riglil-;n1gi-It-l!t'r.
In Ill) years as an actor in e\'-
ery conceivable medium, I have
repeatedly ltatl tn bear with stoi-
cism, fortittnle, and quite fre-
quently intlifferenet-, tl1e slings
antl arrows of outrageous critics.
On no occasion ltave l bothered
to reply~it is consideretl unwor-
thy that actors and actresses
shoultl tlemean themselves by "an-
swering |iaek:" like the Royal
Family, our lips are sealed and it
is one of the unwritten rules in
our profession that the opinion of
one person does not necessitate
the distinction of a reply. \\'t- sim-
ply do our best with the often tm-
worthy attd frequently uninspiretl
material at our disposal antl leave
it at that. Alas, it seems that all
too frequently a critic cannot tlis-
tinguislt between an exceptional
;1tlt\r or actress creating an altnust
miraculous acltievrment out uf
as it is all part of the tratlilional
hack direction, banal writing and
barely competent phntography
atttl a less than adequate actor
who acltietes virtually nothing
but is fortunate enough to have
the services of a fine director antl
crew, the immense pleasure of a
really well-written part in a fine
script, with excellent supporting
casts, superb photography and
production expertise, etc. ln the
one case, the dice are heavily
loatletl against you; in the other,
e\erything is done for you. But
which is the greater rltallertge and
which is the greater victory? ()bvi-
ously, tl1e former.
Having spent a great tleal of
my career, through no wish of my
own, creating something out of
nothing, making the unbelievable
helievztlile, atttl carrying a eonsitl-
erablr load with an almost total
;tl\Stlkt of support, l would never
deny that l have often llll to
put tleptliless characters through
their paces." The fact that l have
almost always sucteetletl in elevat-
ing these "perso|tae to any level
of t'rt~tlihility at all is to my credit
and should not be usetl asaeheap
feeble excuse for a derogatory
comment on my performance as
Lord Summerisle. Yes, .\lr. Bar
thnlnmew, I have been in some
cheap, awful pictttresz" an actor
has to live. Only a very fortunate
few can he selective in their
choice of roles, but l am fast at-
taining that enviable if precarious
position. l am not proud of many
nf these pictures, but l have in no
way been responsible for their
quality: l have never degraded a
ehar:1cterl have never played a
part in which l did not feel l
could do something. 1-\ntl l am
not ashamed of any performance
l have given.
The reviewer's comments on
my appearance as Lord Summer-
isle (unquestionably one of the
best things l have ever dune by
universal agreement] being suspi~
cious are patently absurtl. Sum-
merisle is definitely suspect, no
matter who plays him, whether it
be myself or a member of the cut-
rent East End of London School
nr East side of New York crop of
actors: whether he be playetl by a
tlwatrical Knight int Dame) or a
prominent member of what I call
the llritish Repertory Company
(always the same in every per-
formance). But I um the actor
eoncemetl and I tens the actor
chosen: the presentation of the
character, who is indeed :1 villain-
otls but also charming "persona,"
was the one decialed on by the au-
tbor, producer. director antl my-
self and is undoubtedly the cor-
rect approach. lf l should appear
in une shot limiting furti\'e," it is
with very good reason: l have nu
tlesire to be the sacricial victim
next year and I am contlcrnetl
that Howie's comments may be
striking home tn my "flock."
1-\s to Summerisle looking lu-
tlicrous in the procession. l
would defy any actor in the world
not to look so,ifwearing trousers,
sneakers, a|1 old lace dress, a chalk
white face and a longhlack artifi
cial wig. It is ohtious that lslmnlrl
look lutliemus -even ridiculous
pattem of the dance and the sinis-
ter meaning hehi|1tl the apparent-
ly jolly revelry ttttIItl'L'lttl with
the pagan fertility rites. lt is made
all the more me:1ningl'ul by the
apparent absurdity of the leading
figure (which is incidentally ex-
plainetl quite clearly in the film).
l know what author .-\nthony
Shaffer intended: he is the final
jutlge, and he and the real makers
of the film were entirely satisfied
with my appearance and charac-
terilatittnr
ll is because l feel so strongly
about this remarkable film that l
have broken a 3U year silence as
an actor. .-\ critic is certainly en-
titled to his opinion [when hack-
ed up by qualifications), but Mr.
Bartholomew's comments regard-
ing my casting as Summerisle,
whilst they are unilisputably his
own, are rentlered wholly i|1ap-
propriate and totally irrelevant by
delivering cheap comments about
any other films tl1at l have been
involved in o\er a very long and
not unsuccessful Career.
(Zongratulations again on your
tletlieation and devotion to this
filmyour mitgalitte will be of e-
normous help. 'l'he Wicker .\lan
thanks you is his magical way
and so tlo l and all his admirers.
(IHRlSl'Ollll'lR LEE
Los .-\ngclcs,(lalifomia
The n]]i'c1'ul l'.S. prernirrr of
THE ll'l(,'I\'l;It' .\!.~l.\', Ueluher ZS
in .\'ru' Urlnms, was cancelled.
PIm1_r/nrlltegnlu, (t'lel;ril_\ erettl
tin" nuw being jimilized [or Iltix
r]Iring. IIntmttV, TIIII IVICKER
.\l.-l.\' rlid oflrn in Iesl engage-
men!_t 1|! |I|e.\leudu|4*bmvIt Cine-
ma 6 1'n]at'Ixnn, .\lis.rissippt'. .\'u-
l'l'"lb|'Yll, pla_\-ing for lwu weeks,
grossing I5-I78 and nl I/tr lni1'er-
r1'!_v (.'1'm-mn in Balun Range. Lou-
isiann, Nnttentber I8, pla_\-ing 33
days, g1ox.n'ngIl5,926.
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Weve captured the rebel ship. This is no ordinary rebel ship. (WHEEZEl)
Darth. It's obvious they're here The last time I felt such a disturbance
to rescue the princess. in the lorce was when I connected
my respirator to a blender by accident.
It took forever to get the
granola out ol my visor.
 the crew on that film would eventually
find themselves on ST.-\R WARS and I'd
got to know them really well. One of the
makeup chaps forwartletl my name to Gary
Kiirtz when he found out what they want-
ed for the niovie. Chewliacca was the only
part I was offered ziitd I took it. The Sin-
Iiatl movie was jttst movement. so lprefer-
retl the Chewbacca | ) art as it iiito Ited
more. But I don't consider myself an actor
at all.
Itlml tilmtil Hi: [mm [Iii rvlt has E
uiigily [IUl]U@@
Peter Mayhew was born May I9, I944,
I
" '
.

I didnt realize it would sky-rocket the

in Barnes. London. .~\fter schooling. he
worked for a wholesaler of electrical sup-
plies, and then became a pnrter at King's
College Hospital. at Denmark Ilill, London.
The 7 feet, '2 inch tall hlayhew eventually
rose to the rank of Deputy Ileatl Porter _he-
fore his great height came to the attention
of producer Charles ll. Schneer. who cast
htm_ as _IIr_notoii in_ SINII.-\l) _/\l\D 'IIII-.
l:\ I. Ol- IIIII IIGLR. tlte beginning of at
whole new career.
War your rule iii ST.-IR IV.-IR a IffYl'lI
nxiiill iij_ your [furl III7sI.\B.-If) .-l.\D Tl.
Ell: I)!" TIIE ZIGER.
My acting career started with a news-
paper article. \\'heii I was at King's College
hospital (I.oiidon).a reporter came down to
do a story on me. Ile was writing an arti-_
cle on big feet for tlte (.'i1inr.i.r Hunk of
Rl'(lIY([.\'. llc Iiad seen me walking around
and thought I'd make good copy. It ;it-
tracted the attention of the producers of
the Sinbad movie and they asked me if I
would be the .\Iinoton and as I knew my
height would come in useful for some pur
pose ljumped at the opportunity. A lot of
INTERVIEW BY
Mn; CIHLDS 3; ALAN JONES
Pr in .\Ia_vlirw as Cliviubnrca.
F'_,_U.Iv\1
way it has and I certainly don't consider i:i
myself famous at all. I like people not
knowing who I am wlieii I walk down the
streets, apart from the (ll)Vlt7\lS stares be-
cause of my height. That's perhaps why I Came Fish" is the l|_1"gi(.r or auras
enjoyed thc_parl so much bec_aiise I could lkhbie RL.ym,|ds and smg" [audit Fisher
lose myself iii the role. I ni quite ;i_sIty pe_r- hum Ocmim. 21' 1956_ prh, m M.u.p\;ng
son_really, hut once in that suit. lll{'L' I did her mic as princvss Leia in S-|-AR WARS
again recenytly on Tlllz l)O.\l\\ .~\I\D .\I.~\- 5|; had ;|pp;m_-(1 in $|i.\MpO0 Wm] var
RII: SIIOII, I can blame any mistakes on rm Emmy. and smdicd uuing in London
that alter-fgo. at the Central School of Speech and Dra-
lh" 1"" ml) P"b!""~ 1"! H "-f ma. .~\lso :i singer, Carrie appeared on the
London age ".il| her mmhen shc is no.
tiimr you won?
__]us_t extreme heat. It was a one piece Cnnsidcring J mlmbcr of mm Hers that
siiit with :i Zipper tip the hack, knitted out will kc up up U [he vimcr of 1978'
of yak and mohair. The mask was fibre- when she will rcsnmc her wk, as Princess
glass which had I)l'L'II cast from my own Leia in Sr_\R v,\R H
face. There was no trouble there as it was I I '
all ironed out .1" the planning stages. I no Wm mu, H-I,"n,f|-(H-0" mom-,S_,
could move easily and I soon got used to I-m'no bu but I like movics like TH];
the heat. In the garbage disposal scenes DAy THE EARTH STOOD STILL and
there was a ridge built on the set which I |.~0RB")DEN pL_,\]\'|.;T smy Ones um
stayed on as they didn't want to get this like THE T|M|.; M_\C|NE_ '
expensive suit wet and dirty. Did Wm ham. a I, 0/ cmnpl-h-U" fl"
Ihe noises emanating from my lips I'm Wm, mi. M p,,',,c,.S_. L,.,~a_7
not too siirc about. I did them and they ' ycS_ 3 lmv Everybody from sixwcn O
were recorded but I'm not sure if that's me Venn, who Could kmk sixwcm It was 3
on the soundtrack. The early scenes are kn of pcopk._ ~n"_.y never wamud any
dchnllely 'e' I h'"lf'_N"bdy has 53" names though because they didn't want
anything though and it s too long ago to people to say 0Ii_ yeah.i Nick Note I
is
remember now
Wfl';';' ;,';f";f0l";4;';'"'i~"WP "1" >'~' l.'.i...S'iZ'l,lii'.7'.i.il'l"i}.is Till i'.iTl
we -had relationship. LIp(;II3.I1Ci(;IC(:l'RlSIn:;t?'ttLyVL'(l aginul four
h
more t an a rients ip.
f.
lh. Id ont t h.k
,
in any-
untretgirsan
- < _
teste
, -
ityntem.
one got on that well with him as he really n_m,l)l'-('l,y" Mu H Hum M mu" as you
isn t that sort of person. I can get on with Oh H cm W n den
s Y 5- H7 ~ I v ' 3
mogtcgplc an? We hail lob wind; I. ed. George calls it the most expensive low
mm; twig" um: glw you cl H ri budget picture ever made, because they
A' fair amount "c.d say ..Chc_ie I had to plan every shot. Everything had to
bi it Illa 5%-iv. 9'? sIlti."gEf':"':"C}:'c'
want you here."- He always called ine
Chc\*'e. But lot dc P ended on \'h;it
we C i cl in
'nu see
t.ain:
F0the nmovie rum "Z 5 0
is in the scn P t ' includ-
ll
wereHdoing and where. I preferred the stu-
3
-
h C
ng t e e c s.
dio scenes to location as I liked ll1L sets Wk I -1 H" ml In I-W Wm?

~.~
and I did not feel so alienated from my siir-
d.
a gun I more
.. Faster
and I 1 - ' L ' I.
intense. Those were "
rouaillllnlgiss up'.m.0" 0/Uwfm? his actual directions. At one stzigehc lost
I'm not .a science fiction .fan ,but I love his VOICE and up joked about gcmng two
hoards xed weeach with their own horn
adventure films and I Invcd it. Ive seen it
.
on op and ..|_~a",.. chalked on one and
four times now and I still see things in it Mom lmcnsc," chalked on he "then He
21:: Igsscll lilffnrci some ts ank; also told,me to stand up straight a lot and
C Pena 7 ma C me m in act more like a Princess.
"aver elm" dld "mm" I Can '"'_"b" D0 on Hiitik ou CHIl7fllIlIl'(l to your
hem bung hm good of Crsc' (hm 5 hm rolc as iiiucli as yo: would hum" liked?
maillly IO the fan III. we didnil 5 he George didn't really have the character
spcc'?l.cccIs w go mm Mm we hugm well defined. He gave me a lot of freedom
the finished movie would be good, but not and rcsP0nsibimy_ The rs day I me
that good. When I saw the boxoffice re- Gcorgc he said that 1 could chmgc my dia_
tums from the States it really shook me. loguc mat I [ch unwm,-unable saying_ In
I,"
about
Whatbeen the sequel?
asked do it and I mink [hey fact, I changed very little. Now when I see >

want a tribe of Wookies in the next one. At ~

the moment it's still an_ idea. In the first INTER/w BY

script there was a scene of me with my MIKE CHILDS 85 ALAN JONES
family, but in the script modification that
was thrown out and it was ncvcr filmed. I Mike Childs and Alan Jones arc London-
based correspondents.
 L_JL_l L_.l

KENN
B KER
ZllT@@@==[E@@
Kenny Baker math: his film tlt-but i|\
ClRCl'$ OF HURRORS in I960, playing
a t'lu\\'n, while ctnplnyctl in llilly Smart's
(Iirrns. llis small si/tc, unly 3 ft't't 8 inches
tall, math: hitn uniquely suitctl fur thc part
of R111)? in ST-\R WARS. Burn :\\lg\tSt J4,
I934 in llirminghatn, ltal-u.-rji>i|1t'tl a tour-
ing \'arit'ty act t'allt'tl Bnrtnn l.t'stcr's
.\1itl_t;tts" at the aigc nl Hi, amt has hcctt in
s|tu\\'|msi|tt'ss <:\'t'r sinrc. In I960, whilc
playittg l)upt-y in Snn\\' \\hitt' and the
St-vt-n l)\\'arfs ()n lct-," hc mct his cnrrt-nt
-4l"'*"\' l5"'""' Fl-/"" *'/"1"":Y""II"'" /-ll! H" srarctl. If \vt"tl tlunc it again it wtntltl ha\'t' |tu\\'luttsit\c:~> partner jar}; lur\'is. a tlwarf.
Ihr [mutt $1." 111'!/| .\ItnL' Ilmmll. [Right /I/tnlu [X-tn m,,n- [um hm T -W fri,;|\|t-mt 'l'm;t~tltt-r they fnrmctl musical-1"uinctly
a
t"'l'.\"'L'/ll /5'77 -"1/I l-"'HIHr\>F"-\' 5'7" 1-""" that wt"tl splat aigainst the wall and tht'"tl

7 '7' *
l"'""""1/
""* 4 """ '2" b
hn\\' l saitl a lut uf it, I wish ltl thatn;t'tl
ntnrv. llttt tl\at's lI\t' just ht-int; strict with
mysclf. Thv tmly thing ymi tnt||tln't it-ll
from thc script was thc stylt: and that was
nnt" thing that (it-urgr t"u|nmunit'att'tl rvsally
' wrll tu all of us. For cxatnplt. hc w.nttttl
thr tlialt-_i1ut' rcatl straight. l.il;r: "l tlmuttltt
l rtt'ui1tti1.t't| your foul stt'nt"h, 'l'arkin."
Not thruwn away lilif l W35 \>Tl\!l"1\ll t~!tl-
' int: ttt ah: "\\ht'n l ramc on lmartl, yntt
ha\'t' to ltrint: in Ruhhy Bcttstm and _]nt|it'
Fnstcr! 'l'ht' _t1arl1;n1t tlistmsal st't'nt' was ftm
for twu hours antl tltt'n it tun hut antl hur-
ing. \\'t' \\1'rt' wttarintt \\'tt-suits untlcr uur
tt\t[fi[5_ lt-trr .\l:tyltt'\\' [Cl\1'wharc;t| just
frivtl upin that suit.
lt'!m! tvux [hr mn.\'I 1/1:/']'ituI! Xtt'tlt fur
you In .\'/mot.
It was all difficult really. :\t"tin_\; is pm-
tcntlinig. Yuu haw tn usc pnittts tit R-ft-r.
cnn: like an tttiltappy lt>\'t' affair anti that
sort uf thing. \\'t'|l, l tlnnt knuw what it's
likv to \vatt'l\ a planut whirh is my ltutnt:
act callctl Thu .\lini-'l'unt-s," and ltavc pur-
fnrmrtl in llritain. l'l\|rupt' and I\'urth .-\f-
rira. l"n|ln\\ini.g ST.-\R WARS. Bakvr ap-
pvarvtl in (ivnv Rut|dt'nl>trry's $ll-.(I'l'Rl-1
antl starrt-tl in thc film \\'().\lll.l.\'(i l*Rl'll-,,
which alsu fcaturcs the tlcbut of his charm-
ing wife l-lilccn.
lluzu:litl_\'utt_g'r1 [hr //url uj R_I)_"?
l think an agcttt uf mint: gut wintl uf it
and fmtntl nut they were lunking fur a
small guy. Thcy uffcrcd mc tho part. hut
when l wnrk l ha\'c to runsidcr my part-
runtinut.-tl pagc DU, cultnnn 1

kttmv. l thuuglit. thv stnvll, \\'hu is that?"
Gcurtgc tlitln't want us to chuat likc tltat.
Gn fur hrnkc. . .ant| I wont fur hrnkv.
l\'t|.\ fl ttI:ttt\'t Iltr |'rtlt'rtlt'mt [41 gujnr II
j|t:wtt'Ir /unIu.\\' 11]//tram/t ./
(ivnngc wantvtl In tit a film ht" \\'antctl
tu st-t-. Gcurgc and Gary Kurt! |tit"kt'tl up a
l\l\\'S]l;t|lL'l mic \tntlay tn tn srr a |nu\'it'
nuthim; that thcy \\'.|lIl\'ti tn
ant! tht~n- \\'a.~'
nah nut aml st-t~. Thu-3' tit-1-itlctl tht-rv just
\\'t'r1'n't any gnutl picturrs artntntl l"lash
G"Y\l"" ll W"! 'ill- R"ll" """l if Y0"
\\'t>"'l< ""1 ill ll-I31 ST-'\R l~\R$ l\J '~'\'TY'
Iltilttl in il- (i\'ur_\:t' at ttlll'S|1l\((' Uivtl Iv lt\1Y
llll l'l.L!l\l> I" ll\'~ 11'1"/\ R".k""" -I'll' illlll
"il"'/ H1" ""4/H l"|1 |l'11ll\\'-l"ll'll Ill"
"""'l1 '""\''- 5" hr '"h' his mu
Tin" t-/it-mi.\'Ir_\ /n'I;t-rt-rt _\'nu_ Iwml am!
llumill ttwr/it .\'u/rrrhI_\'. lt't|.\' [hit /mnl
ttmrk nr mtluml?
(i1'~>tt:\'\'-t~'l ant'n\'tt1l>Il't1i1'rv.t|w lhrrv
living hluwn up. Thv fact that all l'm hunk-
ing at is a chalkctl t'ir<'|t' tnakcs it \\<:rs::. .'\l-
su, y<u|rt' untlvr trctnvntlutts prt-ssttrc. lt' lNTER\'IlIW BY
nut just a rasc uf uffinq your lincs hut .\1lKE (Illll.DS R .-\I.Al\' JONES
that thc >015 haw tn hi rt'pairt'tl antl t-xplu-
siuns n'ti\;\.;1'tl and anytltimt thunagctl rc-
Kruttv Hukrr (fr/I) mu! /tit /I||rlt|4V juik I'ur:t't,
]>l;|t-t-it [f thy rt-~t;it;, it/Iv playrtl lltr (.'Iti-~! jinn: in S'I'.-IR W.-IRS.
STAR l1'.-IRS IItm'_;'t'1tttI[_\' tunx guirtg In /Ilrm ll rituiiml nig/|It'IuIt tn! ktmtrti u.\ "I'h-'
I,,- ,| ;[[/Y/|'n'1|[ ,q,,y_\- with it ,I|i('j}-1,-"1 mg], .\l|ni~'I'm|.-t. "
|t'!;y 111,- i-/i,m_q,- ,,[m|'m[?
_\|;\j]3 |,,_~t-;mt- \-;-ry,m- h;|5 ])|g(tm1c
funtl uftl\t'sci"l\arat"tt'rs. lt's ft|rtl\trat|\'v:tt-
tttrcs uf, nut a st*t|t|t'l. \\'t' start filming at
F.lstr<'t~ aftt-r K\thrit'k's Tilt. $lll.\'I.\'(}. \\'t-
hatl a inkc at utu stagc that thc nrxt film
wnultl start up as wt" rt's\nnul lmws aftrr
tltv |1rcst'|ttatitm nf thc tnrtlals in the first
|m_
Ilntv Ill! _\'()tt mutt _\'nur rltumrlrr In
tlrt--lup in lhr ttr.\'1 /ilnt?
\\'t-ll, I cnttltl marry Luku, hut il' t mar- ' t

nf us lt)gt'||tt'r. .\ppart'ntlt' tht-rc wt'rt'
annthcr thrvv i|t vast wv t|it|n't work. lntt
at ttu timr \\'t>\tlt| it ha\-1' ht't'n mix antl
match. Wt tlitln't t.(<t alum; inst like: that.
\\t' tarvfully psycltvtl varh utltrr nnt. llarri-
sun ttsvtl tn yvll at int" furnnt ht'itn1ahlt- lu
tlt't'i\lt' wlwrt to rat and .\lark anti l ttstal tu
sin: 'l'\' jintglrs tu_i;t'tl\cr. . .lmt with s||s|ti-
ciun. It ttmk HS ahnut a\\'t~t'k to tlt't"ith' t-x-
artly what (iv:ur_|;~: saw in thc thrcc uf IIS
tutgcthcr.
Yuu 1/it/n'! u.\'t' u \'l|mI girl. llt'n' I/ttn'
any purIiiularl_\' tIungrmu.\' .tn'nt'.\'I/
'l'ht- t'll;\.\'|l\ crttssiitg was thirty ft~t't antl
what is so aitnoying is that ttltilnatrly yuu
can't \'\'t'n sm: that it is mt. Wt only tlitl
that scvtic n|\tt' and .\iark and l wt'rt' rt'ally
rivtl ilatt I think that wmthl ht mutt intt'r-
vstimg. tnnrvsn frum thc puint nfvivw that
\\-t' wt'r1' always st'rt*an\int: at each utht'r. I
tan also say that I nt'\'cr want tn wcar
lltuSt' hairy varphnnt-s again. l alsn don't
want Leia to be su straight nuxt titnv. Nut
ht'l|tlt'ss. ur \'irtimi1.t-it, hut tho start of girl
who lusvs hur passpurt nn the >p;tr<'t"raft.
li'Itt'n tlitl you xrr [hr rout/Ilt'I|'tI film
_/'ur1I|:'v/Yrv! Iimr?
I watt'ltt'tl tht' scnritt); in l,tttttl<1|\. lntt l
tlit|n't sci: all the spcrial t'fft't'ts until a
\\'tt'k ht'ft>rt' it nttcttrtl in thv: talt'5. F.\'t-n
though l was sn t"lnst' to it I cuultl stw" and
ft't'l the tnagir it prutlttrtwl. I t|itln't kntt\\'
thcn that autlicnccs would agrt-t' with mt.
I 2
8*-
~<:'_l_
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64
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I I! ' 3 '1 ' H . _7
1:-'.,"':,,,_.;i':,,, bum _ Em you-d
need three of me O do il in mt
I: lIt'n' urtylltirtg not in Nu" film that
you would lilterl to ham seen incltulvll?
Thc are who you don sec in the [i_
na| Hm of he mm_ but naming has gum.
ma regnh
"am. you bu." appmm.;.d
WARS Idon- mink it-S u mismkc
Tcmavc|y_ I
to do a sequel long as-S done TIL -|-he
as
science fiction market has hardly been tap-
pcd ye. The ms I heard was that Gcnrgu
would write the story but not direct it. It
would he a completely new storyline. I'm
not even sure if l-ox has an option,
Would ST.-IRLOCK have lmppt'm'zl if it
hadn't been for STAR ll.-IRS?
No. This is a sad thing. I've been offered
alotn f science f ietton
' f'ltms. b ut one l iasto
be so careful and make sure the money is
there to do it well. l'm particularly involv-
ed in STARLOCK due tn the fact that
Gordon Hessler and l co-wrote it. The ori-
ginal script was by john Starr and it was
impractical as a working draft. The Slar-
l7k chafing '5 in fa" v\mP"?lli\. hut we
9371" hc accused 9|. Pli!E"l5m 35 me QTY l5
5 l-37 Tcmovcd f\'m he 0Yilli"ll- live
found superb locations. suggestive of other
worlds. in the south of France that noonv
solar Iwqnt to lu_rth~'rmv
has diwv=r=d_-
'7"lnE 93"" "id Wnh ""5 cXP"lC9 llm
convinced I could do it well.
I-" .V""' l1f""l*' ("W474 -P1"""l 1//"'11.
do [hem physically as much as possible?
Yciv d"lllY- ll?" "01 3 "lck m1\"- llm
3 P"\'l5l 3 ha"- ln STARIIOCK I
ve h""dl'cd Yilfd [Tack "f 3 5P1"-"5hlP 35 ii
star. 3 Pmblcm C"l1\lnlY- ll"! I'll ll" ii. il"t"l
\-" budll l5"" lh=1ll=\l'B=Yl'h m3\_lYllY of
lms Ms dvnv pticullv lwcww no we has
the guts to stick their necks but and try
them physically. I believe a lot of films can
totally he achieved by the use of only phy-
sical effects. Optical: have their part of
course but filmmakers use opticals to the
extreme,
I monster for .\lax Rosenlit'rg's Till". IN-
,,""'
I,
V , i P
.4
1
t
.
\ ~
re-creation to the poignant aging of Cicely
Tyson in the 'r\'-rum 'l'lll-1 .~\UT()lll0G-
Ri\lll\' Ol- MISS _].-\Nl-'. ll'll.\l.-\N for
'h"5l ll? _5li":~"l l~"f"Y 1"\'1""l Will
"k'~'l) unlsl slim 'l5" "l9_l:)0:
l97'l-
Born tn New \ork in Rick and
his family moved to CU\lI\2l, (.ahforma two
years later where he spent_h|s formative
years. He developed a keen Interest in the-
fu, STAR
atrical makeup and fantastic pl\ysiogno~
mics at a ra_tl|cr young age and continued
to work thllgently at hts hulihy _of mask
maklllg llmng ll lf""_;i' Wall? Rlfk l"ll'
ed a_|oh at :\rt Cloke} lrotlut trons tn I968
while he was sttll tn high scl_\ool,_antl he
Soun dc-velopctl close ft-ietnlslitps with such
artisans as _]im llanforth, David .-\llen, and
Doug lleswick who introduced him to pn
fessional techniques for making masks antl
doing fantastic forms of makeup. llis first
major untel rt a'|ng
k" tn
' tl 1; it ficll
'1 was th e
'
construction of the elaborate costtttnc for
I969 low-lmdget feature.
()C'l'.\l\l.-\l\', a
and he was soon creating his own masks
and facial appliances for merchantlising
during the Halloween season.
In 1971, Rick came into his own with
\=I
his creation of the apt" suit and makeup for
SClll.OCK!. John l.andis' spoof of horror
films, which was soon followed lay the cre-
atitm of a two-lit-adetl gorilla suit fora typ-
it-.11 .\n> film. Tm-1 'rnt.\'(; \\'n"n 'r\\'o
n|~:.-\ns. .'\s ma HS that film \\'LlS. Rick's
hizarrc coslttme creation was a sight to lie-
D |,t,||_ '
ln I973. Rick moved on to higgcr antl
hetter things. .\lakt-up artist Dick Smith,
his childhood idol with whom he had heen
corresponding since W69, selt-cted him to
5! hi Rick Baker is probably the most prolific
assist on the production of Tllli l'l.\()R-
young makeup artist working in |lolly-
wood today. llis credits read like an t'nCy- CIS'l'. Rick gained additional expt-rience in
clopedia of the hi1.arre and the fantastic, making tnolds and went on location with
Smith in Iraq. llllritlg nit fillttiltg of tut-1
from the simian time of his KING KONG
I-ZXORCIST. he n|anagt'tl to gt! the jnl)
(with a little llclp from his mentor) of cre-
v - ,
> _~
lh B
1
ating thiplicatc heads of (it-offruy Holder
~
[N1 ER PAUL MANDLLL
and \'aphct Kotto for l.l\'li .-\.\'l) l.l~l'l'
I Doug 5.-;,,~,';1, jfulplj m,-;1.,_\~ pyatgpygv ,,f;;|t~
bug-r)''|1 Cantina band members.
DIE. and followctl it in I974 with perhaps
his most grizzly creation. the monster liahy
for Larry Cohen's IT'S .-\l.l\'l'l! Other jobs
itteluclctl a death mask for l)a\id (Iarratline
in l)l'l.~\'ll| R.-\(Il*l _ll()lI U975), special
makeup appliances for .~\ll"s SQU|R.\l, and
the complex gorilla suit for Dino l)el.aur-
entiis KING K().\'(i. an arduous affair that
I \ spanned the period of ()ctol>er 1975 to Oc-
tober 1976. Some of his more recent works
inelutlc a cameo appearance in his own cus-
tom gorilla suit for _]ohn l.andis' KEN-
\
-
TUCKY FRH-ll) .\l()\ll'l and the tnucous
.'~f~- , o-.. CRl'lDlliLl'l Ml-ll.l'lI\'(2 M;\i\'.
~\,, _. . :1 Director Brian Dcl';|lma sought after
Rick to do special makeup effects for his
.
It . X .
lm J? new film 'I'lll-l l"l'R\'. Rit'k's current pro-
{$7 \/
Q , '
ject is a sequel to Larry Cohen's l'l"S
' A 7
i: '~
.-\l.I\'E! entitled l'l l.l\'l-IS .-\(2.-\l\'! for
1
' _ ' '
ft
kw. K
.;"~V/ . . which Rick is creating not one. hut Ihrcr
mechanical mutant l)1llIlC. a challenging
q
' ..
.
\ my ., assignment for any makeup effects artist.
- wt \l.l\ c-
|(ltl'l~t - .- -1 L't'| Lt
-- l.\l (J8.- Qt - 1Rick tut 'rt U
supt-r\'isc the creation of alien creatures fur
at.;;yL'\v ~ ~
_
,_
4, - __ adtlitional (lamina st't'ncs in ST.-\R \\'.~\RS,
he couldn't have picked a hettcr man for
'
"\
~u." _,' ~. -
t
the job.
Doug lleswick is a talented voung model
_
4%-\ "" ~ % - _
" ~.'
_
i
maker and stopanotnm animator. Born in
_
. ~
,
19-l7 in Iamt-stown, New York. ht-_anil his
~
I parents l11tt\'t'tl to l.us .'\t\gt'lt'$ when he was
five and hc attended elententary schools in
~ . San Fernando. lie didn't go to college. l
s
- ~
' s.
.
' .~ -
D ' g\-o. Zr;
.
registered and decided tltat wasn't what I
~'-J
really wantetl to tlo. I wautetl to try to get %-\
into the movie business soiiieltow."
Like all other ttotable animators work-
ing in Ilollywuotl today. Doug startetl ottt
by producing his own 8mm stop-motion ~.
home movies. Ilis first real contact was ]im
Danfortli in I966 wlto referred him to .-\rt G *.lgL~>.
.9-
Clokey Prothietioiis, a familiar training
ground for many S\op>muti0n animators,
including Daiifortli himself. During his four
*1 l'?\.
years at (Ilokey's, Doug worked on a series
of sixty-five GUMBY films and eu-animat- _
ed aboitt half of them. Ilis tlecisioii to free-
lance after leaving (Ilokey's resulted in his
collaboration with Riek Baker on several
lm projects. sv
In I970, Doug went to work at Cascade
under the supervision of Phil Kellisun and
Tim Baar, and tlitl occasional work over at
Gene \\'arrens Excelsior Pictures. It was
during this period that Doug f()\||](I I\i|11cIf
on the set of I-LICSII GORDON anti work-
ed with \\'ah Chang on an iiiipressive stop-
motion etltieational film entitletl DINO-
SAURS, 'I'lIli TERRl|ll.I-1 LIZ.-\RDS. Wah
built most of the inodels and Dung ditl
about 80% of the animation. a hefty task
that spanned a period of about eight
months. Reeciitly, Doug has been involvetl
in a variety of projects. Ile built the iniiiia-
lllt'L submarine usetl in 'I'lll'l l\I.~\N I"ROl\I
.1\TL/\.\"I'I5. createtl the (Iantina bantl
heatls for ST.-\R \\';\RS. and worketl on the
soon-to-be-releasetl IL;\Nli'I' OI 'IllI*'.
I)I.\'OS.'\llRS with stop-motion ftlmmakers
_]im .-\upperle and Steve C"/.erkas. Ile is pre-
sently tlevotitig his time and talent to _]im
..
Danfortli's 'lI.\II'lG.-\'I'li. and there is a
strung possibility that he will be assisting
_]im on the animation a wish that Doug
has harlioretl for a long time.
l.aine I.iska is a talented stop-motion
animator whose television work reflects his
air for character animation. Ile is hut one
member of that iiiicrocosm of professionals
duing their frame-liy-fratne thing in the
network of Ilollywooil commercial liottses. I.
Ile was born iti I950. One of the extraortli- ' '
nary things about Laine is the fatt that he
never attentletl any institutions of liiglter
gtlufuliun M111 glmgb [() r;'I\' rm M5 ;||1\\~m-k_ I.nt'm' Lt'sIm'x gnu!-like Ctirtliiiit alien, our of/'ot1r '11 buill for Iltr S1'qlltYlCt.
making ti living for liitttsclf rather early iii
life. "I started animating professionally in really stood-out like sortie of the other ]],,w ,[,',] W," gr, hu.,,h,|.,/ in 5-r__|R
I97I zifterlreturnetl from military ser\'ice. ones." Iierg atltls: I tlitl two of them, t|*_.|k_e;; i
I tveiit to work on a short etltteatiotial film only one of which got ittto the filitt. It's [ruin-,~; 1)-uni; _\|m,_-H mm nu. Hwy WK.
at Casratle l'ietures untler the super\ision the one with eyes on either siile of its IIt';t(I. trmkjng fur nmktup at-li;_< M, M111 4., (11,;
of Ihil Kellison. \\'itli a gootl recoiitittetttlar It wasn't really .i tiiask. it was more like a stuff that was tlone in Iinglantl. Ile gave
tion by Davitl .-\llen and with ;i lot of help big liantlpuppct. It looketl like a lizitutncr- George my tiatne antl I went to IIAI with
it I\lI'l|C(I into four aiitl a ltalf years of heatl shark ZIINI was tloue from a Ron Cobb my portfolio ;||\tI lalkcil to him anti pro-
steatly work. Saitl_]on Berg of laiitte: Ile's ilesign. It appears iti eloseup. Tliere was tlttcer Gary Kiirtz. It turnetl out that I was
very fast antl very good." really a lot ttiore to it. \\'e shot a lot of one of the Itisl people they talked to. 'I'liey
l.aine is tttost notetl for his animation of stuff with it. atttl I tIon't think you roulil hatl seen just about every artist iti town
the Swiss .\Iiss eoiiimerrials done at CI(I really tell exactly what it was without a that tlitl effects makeup aiiil appliatices.
aml a oiie-sliot recreation of Speedy .-\lka- longer cut. I tlon't think that was the pat- lt'|~rrn'I 1I|i'_v lIlU||V(' 1|] _\-our It'll!/i on
Seltzer with a retnarkahle fitlelity to tltc ing George wanteil to use for it. antl that's I\'I.\'(, I\'(),\'(i?
original that was tlone at Swift-Cliaplin in why it's in there so briey. The other one Itu/rt-r: Dennis ntentionetl to tlieiu that I
the Il:'ills. IIe's worketl on the Green Giant l tlitl was just a skull-heatletl guy. \\'hit'h was KI.\'(i KONG. This was before the film
village antl Itas recently createtl a stop-mo- was just a rubber mask. was releasetl, sometime in Noyetnber I976.
tion cliaracter for Stroh's Beer. :\l\tIIIlL'l "5t>IIll'\iII \\'lll> ltullltl IN lt1'I1lil>I\\'tl i so there really wasn't any publicity about
one of his contributions to film fantasy Rob IIottin_ Ile was Rick lI.tker's .issiI:tttl me at the titne.
was his remotlification of the Great God anil eertainly contribiitetl to the Cantitta They saw my work, aiul (ieorge and I
Porno iii I"l.I1SlI GORDON. Ile is preseiit- seqiteiice. There was rell) 1| ""111 ltlien that talketl at Ieiigth about the (Iantina st-l
ly creating aliens for (i.\I..-\(I'II(I.4\. Rick sciilpteil. lt_hatl :i big csposetl brain qttence and the tlifferettt alien concepts. |

Stop-motioii animators .Ion Ilerg aittl
Phil Tippett, ititcrviewetl elsewhere this is-
sue for their work on the eliessgame se<
quenee in S'l'.-\R \\'.~\RS. also eontribtttetl
makeups for the Cantina sequeiice. Says
Tippett: I worketl oti four or five tlc\'ilish-
looking things. I ilon't tltittk any of them
with a terrilic wise ohl man eliaracter on
its fare. Iiecause of another commitment.
Rick was not able to complete it. so Rob
came in. Rick tlitl half of it, tlteti Rob tII(I
the other ltalf and iiiatle .i nioltl of it. Iii
the picture, I think its in the backgroitiitl
and a little out of focus."
\\ e Iiotli hatl a lot of ftiii being very enthus-
iastic about the film. Ile showetl iiie
aroitiitl Intlustrial l.ight &' .\Iagir. tolil me
what he wattteil, antl asketl me to submit a
bitl. I went home. figuretl it up. antlcallPtl
it in. But I tlitln't hear front them.
I started work on another picture ('1|IIClI

67
 F|lm1ng
Cantma
Makeups
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i
E

1

\v
THE ll\'CRldDIlll.l-l l\lF.L'l'll\'G M.-\I\'. .-\l-
lcr l was wcll into lhal, l gm a tall fmm
lhc il(L"(l\|lll;IH\ at ll..\l whu luhl me lhal
they wanlul nw In slarl making lhv alicns.
l explained lu lhcm lhal I was i|\\<rl\'c<l in
anollwr lm and hardly llilll lhr limc.
llowc\1'r. they saill that lhvy likvil my
slulf and wanlcil nu: very hallly \n du il
and askml il (III\lll\ll|g cunhl he wurkvll
um. l talked with lhcm again and luhl
them lhal l ('l>\ll(l gm a rrcw lugvllu-r and
S\l[NI'\lSI., lhal l would nnl hu mluimginiirli
l
of lhv wnrk Inysvll. Thcy :|grccil In lhal
aml \\'Ll'L happy wilh lhc arrangvnivnl. l
got a crew lugcllicr nl Sl)ll' l'ri1'mls whn
wvrr ahlv: lu nlu ihv \\'nrl;: l'l\il l'ip|1cll.
Duug lh'swic'k. _]m\ llvn; aml l.ain<' Liska.
.-\ll uf lhvm an slop-n\nli<m aniinamrs,
ll'a.m'l Um! an rnlzl rn-zv In I|uz':',/'11!
nmln-up--fjl-cI_\'?
Ba/cor: .-\cm.illy llllS slnll w;ini really
makcup. Sincv wr unly hail six wv:i'ks aml a
limilvsd l1ull_i;v:l, wv (l)\ll(l not tlll anything
oulslamling or rulnpliralvd. 'l'hv:y wi'n- all
hasically slil-rnhhrr masks, so il was jusl a
mallvr nf l11\\'l|Ig \hi' ahilily lu Sk\ll|)l and
an ahilily Inmakcmuhls.'l'ln-y all hail lhal
ahilily. Thc l;Ill>\\'lI.(lg$ lhal lhry lackcil in
doing sumvll\in_i; of that snrl, l km-w all
almnl. sn l could lcll tlu-in lmw In iln ll.
Ilnzu many (In|mi'I<r.r /Iivl }\-nu rrrulu
fur[hr(fmililmii-l]m'21cr'?
Ifnkrr: I hail very liulc In (ll! with lhv
SC(|Ull\ll l)\llSlLll Ur lhc far! lha\ l gm llw
crew l4r){\ll1L|' llI\Ll Sll|llI'\'lS(l whal l nnilll.
l llcsigiiuil a Cl1\l|llL' nf lhc aliens aml (lid
om: hcad which is nnl uvcn in lhc lilm.
alllmn_i;l\ ll is one uf lhc lwllcr lwails.
l Smnc nl lhc lwsl alicns wr lnailv ari'n'l
|:\'1'n in \hv: piclun.-. lllun'l know why. l'm
just assnniing lhal lhcy di\ln'l nil in wvll.
I.i.vL'a: l lllll four. \\'hcn yun go inlu lhc
harmmn, l (llll lhc first cl\ara<'u:r you scv.
ll was snrl of a 'l'-ln'ailcil guy \\'i|l\ iglnwilig
cycs andpnrplish in<'nlur.'lhalwas;u'l\1al-
10
ly a Imml puppvl. Sonic nl' my other char-
atlcrs wort in lhv hackgnmml. Then was a
(Iyvlups-likc thing: anulhvr mu: russvnllllril
a _\;<I1l(:lill ;\llull\\.'r was a big. whiu: furry
guy with lunr L-yrs. l gm In play "him" in
lhc mu\'i1'. Actually. all ul ns who wnrkml
on lhcm |I\;\|\aigcll In gr! inlu lhr Zll'l. l c\'-
vn gm a laugh l'|n ll\\' guy whn .srra|c|n~s
his licadl
Ih-.\'zi'ir/\~;\\viliillhirlcvnllil'l'cn:nlalii'ns
ainl l lllll scvrn of nnu parlirnlar lll';|(l for
lhal hand. Rick llaki-r llunalnl sl-u-ral nli
his masks lllal hc alrcally lll|(l malh". \\hal-
1"\'vr was availahlc wc usul In lill-up lhr
l>arrm>m aml llw lllll ||\asl\s rvally llk'l|N'll.
Iful-vr: Thusu uhl masks hail hvcn sil-
ling on my sh;-ll fur yv.n's. 'l'hvy wi-rr
lhruwn i|\ [hr (lay thus \\'Ll\' slml as lillvr
ll" ll"! l>1"'l4!l""'|"l~ -\l\"'l' l "W ll5"\-\}'-
ihvy cmlnl up wry lI1\l\'lI in lllv Jvrv"
_ur~11ml. _l>m' in parlirul-Ir \\u\>' a vrum|m'
\\'l'Yl'\\'"ll "1'k llllll l "1-"l" 1 -I "1-|~*"l"'"*
ilnrlinn in-ml
l!'/ml mull-riuI.\ rm-rr I/lfllll-1!!\ lll|l|Il' H/.'
Ilv.\'n-1}-/.~.' .\ll ihu In-ails lur lhv halnl
rmnlm \\'\'rv mailc unl nl' lalcs lnnn llw
same mulil. They haul snrh lnugv lmllmns
lirails ihai wu n~i|il'm'rul lhr lalvx will!
gau/.c. 'l'hc l.ll\'X llill nul ha\'v lu lw vcry
thick smrr the lll'ilkl_\' wi~|'i~ gin-n llns vslra
snppurl. ll'\\l||l('ll that unv k'l\1lf.\l'lll' and
II\;l\lk' t'\'\ll l'upii' frum lhr mnhl. ()l
unirsi-_ ihc hands had lo gm wiih il, sn l
$\'\ll|lll'\l our svl u|' hanlls and rasi l'nnrl\~vn
of lhum. l.aim~ In-lpul ll'll pain! ilu-m. \\'c lhal il was \'ii-nially i|n|mss"ihh- In ll|'l'1llllk'
kinil ul' l!\,l-]H'\)Ll\ll'L(l lln-m on an as's'vm-
hl\' lilw. l lhink \\'L'lH>\|i;lIl1lllul|l_/iIr/)_Q|l/
Im|.\ ul' lalrx fur ihc prniiwl and il's all
qmicl \\u alsu hail almnl 500 puumls 0|
plaslcr fur l!\l\l(l>'. 'l'ha| s qnilv a hi! ul'ma-
la-rial in work wilh.
I /mum //ml _\'nll aw-1'v:i'm-/m1_q nu a :v'r\-
light \&'Ill'lIllI|', Ynur nlll/111! In|.\||nl1!:l'I|g|'I|
lllul l'|'.\]I|'\ I.
I./,\/cu: (Mginally. (irurgc uunhl haw
Lainr Ijika (1-(mill [mm righl) pi-4-ks mil uflhr
Imc/I uj um" u! lliviilimsIn-rn'u1rd null ;IIu_\-mi in
1I|i- mmlimi Kll]|Il'IlL'|' 1 mkv Sumr iiir--l-[inn
[mm (iv-irgr Iluru. (_u'im|1I_l'rm|| ll-11). .\l:|!iV!_Q in-
! pn<iI|'nn an I'I|iI 'I'i1-/ml (Iv/1), n|'zIri!lg .1 inw-
mil/'|.<I: um_vk_ Kim hilkiulmrg (]I|!l_1!!IUlll) mul
I)/mg If-aixrirk (right). p!u\'r'ng IIH4 1|! hix hug-
r_\'<d nnI!lS!|!.i.
sclllul fur unly svvvn alirns. \\'i' wmiml up
doing ll\irlrv.~n. alnl il was Ihvn lhal hr ulc-
cidul In ilu lhc hand cnmlm.
Iluzv Ilill I/ml rumr nlmul.
31'-\'=ll'1'/\f That was iiilrrvsliiig. \\'r nlill
not kimw ahunl \hv: hand nnlil wu wrrv
lnur wcvks inln lhv prujucl. Gcurigc lalras
llruppul by wi\h Gary Kurlz In soc hnw we
wurv ruining along and they lmliccll lln:
licml l was working on. ll was ins! sup|ms-
vd lu ho a|n>|lu:r nnv ul lhc lN'il(l in the
qrmip, 'l'hcn lhcy sun of ll\l(l(lll(l lugcllwr
and camu hack and saiil. llry. vnnhl ymi
makc mnrc of this guy?" .-\|nl l saiil Sun.-.
\\'l: ran makc as many as you wanl. .\ml
they said \\'u want ln h:n'1- a lilllr rnmlm
in lhc ll1llT<lUll\ sri'm'." Thal was [hr first
we In-anl nf il.
Ilmu lung ilirl il lulu In film \nur_1mrl
of Nu lluulinu .\"rqzu-nu!
If/lL'l-r: They slim all nl unr slnll in um-
day. 'l'hal was Ilu: slay l was \'\-ry in\'ul\'ul
in applying lhc makcnp fur 'l'lll-. lN(IRl-ll)-
llLl'l .\lll.'l'l.\'G .\l:\.\' and l \\'asn'l 1-\'i'n
un lln' sci whvn lhvy lilmcnl ii. Our srciws
wcrc all lll$k'l'lS. 'll\\'rc's .\ gmnl llcal nli lhc
sci|ncn<'c lhal Stuart l"rcul>nrn \li<l in ling-
laml. =\ll 0|" unr slnll is iilv:nliliahh- only
in (hm |||>m- uf lln: lvalling playrrs arr in il.
4\|1y 5-hm (J yn-;|[\||';~ il|-i||ki||u_ 1;|I};in,;_ )1
rl-;";|in_|; In <||m~|l|iii;; whcn you dun! sci
||- main ],;|r ,,|- _\|;"-k ||;,m;11(,r _\1l-,- (;"i.
m-55 >35 mu m|'|_ '[lu- .,1|||- gm \\'||;-rg
V, ,/,, -1- [hv |,-(ls _m,_| u. "mi" hm Tn.
l|4,|- by $|\|;|n_ 11 is ;| mun-i-|m| m_|l<\||;
arlisl. l havv: llw liiglicsl |'cspi~c| fur his
-.,rk_
l\',|x !I||- (in-mlu rlmmrlrr um-1|] _\'nur\?
m;||1 I5-cl)Qr|1 (ll l|l.|l um-, lml wv:
pm a l!|t'I.lll\IIlSIIl in il. Tl. |",|,|;|m. "ml
hail hg~g~|\ shul in limglaml lI.lll llan Sulu
ialkinq 14; (i|\|_'(l1>_ and (irvrnlu wasjusl snrl
uli shakim; his llcanl.l'l|c1'uslu|\u- was ship-
W-1M-,_.|-]|,_.n.;|m|.l.I,m J |m.-|m;S| in 1
ln m_|l\\- [hp mmiih and cars |]HI\l'. \\'c ri-~
shnl (in-i-ilu's cln>s\~n|1.s aml rv.-laim'\l lllv
l\\'<I-SlllI\\RlllllIl lalgland.
/I! ll.-1 i1 mu /1rrII\' awinl an 1Il.- .\~.~1
llml elnv?
Ilu!.'i'r: l knnw nnv story that l ran lcll
ynn almlll. llmn; llcs\\'irk. l.ainr Li.ska._]un
llcn; and lhil 'l'i|>pi-u \\'crc all wvarinu lln'
masks in lhc (Ianlina haml L'l>ll1ln| almn;
wim <um- |l|l)Ll\ll'|lUll scrn-l.n'ii-s than
wurkcil fur ll..\l. 'l'his mask was a mlcsiqn uf
mim- |h_|| was <'l|am;nl sn|ni~wl\.n lay llmiq
lL'>\\'kl_ whu srnlplul n. ll luukvil wry
murh likc snmvlhinq [min 'llll". (ll 'l'l".R
l.l.\lll'S. whirh is whal (ivn|'|_[1' wanicil.
'l'lu-so puuplu wcrv SUI]!-Il\Ull(IlI animamrs
alnl ihcy lllilll\' llu-sv masks in surh a way
ur soc ll\rmn;li ihcm. lh"\ansi~ l was so
lmsy, l rvally iliiln'l cxplain vrrl c.n'cl'nlly
almul (hr lhings lhal slmuhl l1l'llllll( In
||\.|k1' a mask \\'r.||.\hh~. 'l'hc mils air huh-
\\'as lllis lilllv |n\||ul mulllll ll\.\l |h\~ nmn
slcr hail. .\lus| of ihrm hall |nnsi\'.ll inslrn-
lnvnls slnck in lhvir mnmlis. 'lln'si- sun-ii
or ciglr ]>1'uplL' in lhu halnl wu|'r lryjin; lo
synr n|| lhcir inun-s' In a llrniw (i4IlIllII\.Il\
rrrmwl. 'l'lu-3' lilmcll llu-m fur a unlpll ul
7
llnurs and wound up with an intrctIihln'
amonnt nI' Itmtagc of thc I1a11dpIayin_1;. lit"
Cause they had to he pliysical, dancing
around whilt thcy wcrv playing and nut
I7I". "III" I" I"*'-1II\I- IIWY 'I'I'I' '~'I"5 I"
passing nut. It was a Int uf Inn \\';|ltI\lItg
II II1IIIII'5- -'\II "I5I4I1I'~" "'1" .\,!"I' '""IlI
11
5Ii""I "P i""I PIIIIII I"
III5 ""II II" "XI"
8"" 'IiI"~'I"~' 'iI "I5" 5"" I"""I' I"II
WI"~'I'~ III" II'~"II5 '~'"IlI III 'IiI"'Y \\"'I"~'
breatlting so hard, the whulc hcatl was t*un-
tractiitgantl t'Xpa1tdi11_\g.'I'|1t'ywt'nt thru1|gI1
hllI\lI1l1l""'I
Ill'.m'itk: That mix kind of wcird. I'ht'
mouths of thc band tlt;tt:1ttt'rs wt-rr just
littlc intlcntatiutts. 'I'l1cy wcrc st\1I|1tt'tI that
way sn thcy wuuld Inuit like they wvrv
ready tn hlnw intn a tttusiral instr\1111t'nt.
That was the only plarv I tuttld set ll!
makc an airhulv. so I put a Iittlc \'t~1\t thcrt-.
On the day nl the slmut wt: I't1\1tttl 0\11-
sclvcs in thcsc masks with hardly :1 place to
breathe II' \m1 '. ltad tht'n\ nn for a shnrt
PCTIQKII II \\';\ IIIILH Ittll \\'l' ll-"Ill ll IIO I-
tum tn twcnty~|nin\1tt' lakes in tht-in. Wt:
wcrc doing a pantnmimv to some old I'ur-
tics" music. It wasn't the atstual musiv usvd
in the film. it was just smm-thing to gi\'t us
a ht-:11. \\'c were Iiltttctl lhrrr !inn'.<. caclt
IIITIC IIII"K 1\I""I I'1'"IY "I""I'~'- 5" T
wcrc i11 thusv things for about an hnur. Wt:
only tuuk thvnt tall utwc in that time pcr>
iotl. WI: would pnll thr gloves off and thv
5'"I .I5I P""I'lI "III "I IIm- II III 5"
bad, we wen: FL-I)l'L{llI\Illg our nwtt air!
\\'hile the pruptnan was giving us an utta-
sinnal shot of nxygcn, Gary Kttrtz was gt
ing amund slitting the masks undcr thc
' chin with a knifc or :1 raznrlilatlo: tn rrcatt:
"gills" for us.
You 1/i:I11'1 t|I|lft'l]l!llt n brt'uII|in_g pro!
Im iliirirzg !I|1*_n'uI/nun xlugv?
Rt.ttvit'/: \\'cIl. nu! Ilanghsl I pttt it on
II? I "IIIIII-' II 1"II I IIIII IIIIS I"II' I III puts smnt'tin11's. It would l1a\'t-I1t't'n 1tit't- to
IYOIII IIIIII I '~'"\IIlI II"-I "III "IT I"II"!-I I-
5" III'I'* IIIIIIIII 5I"~I" I" III -W I""I'II'I
WIIII II- -'\I5"- I IIIIIIIII II"" IIII ""AI- namcs that didn't qvt up tltt-rc. .\n\'huw. it
II"Y "-IT K"I.\! I" 5II""I- 1""I I IIIIIIIII 'i"I
IIY "1'"I5 I" 5I"' "P "I""I'I'553IIIY- "\5 II
I"IIII ""I' "3 'I'"~' III PI"I!!I'iIIIIII I-I'"m 1t~|'i<'ntt ul tn\' lift inst tn In: t'u|1|1c1"tt'tl,
II"~' IT""II TI"! I"I""II G4"? ~"I1"'I'~II I" "II
our gIlIS." Y1! \\'""III_I"5I I'~'*'I IIIIS I'"'~'I"
IY I"'I
IICI-'-
"II"! I"~ I "5 lI' " *"P"I'
Lis/cu: I also gut stuck in anutht'r one
that I ltapptsitcd tn ntultc. that tltirk-suitctl
crcaturc with Imtr uyt-s. sn I can't hlamc
anynnv: hut 1nystII'. It gm very. vcry hut.
.~\Itt'r ahutit two ltuurs. I ltatl tn hang my
head nut the upcning in the hatzk uI' thc
thing. I guess that's talh'tl rushin_t; tht' ton-
bit and fnrgvtting a fnntlama-tr
stru<"1it>n a
tal thing. namely that pr.-nplc ha\t' tn
brcatlicl It S|.tH\t(I to work nut okay,
thuugh.
urlmml Hm! :Iu_\'l'
It'u.t (it'nr_qr I.|1ms
Ifnkrr: Oh, yvah. Despite tht' intidt'1\ts I
' mcnti0nt'd, it was a very casy-going experi-
cnrv antl vvt-rym1t' thcrt that day had a lot
of Inn doing it. Gt-urge got very in\'nI\'ctl in
the 1lirt'ttin|t of it. llt~ was busy running all
' aruuntl sluppiitg \'ast~Iinc on the hand mem-
bers tn make thcnt all Slllliy-I(tl)I;It|_t{,
T/tr (.'unIinu .\':'q|u-nrr Iurmvl nu! In In
mu nj I/tr /|i_1_-I1 ]111ft|l.\lI| I/irfilnt in Hm! il
pnmi:/ml u ,Ii:l|T"l' I.-iml n_/'t'mnit' n-I11-Y/.
Ilulrrr: 'I'ha|'s what I t1ndt'1'stat1d. \\'h1'n
I saw thr film I just IIi|ipt'd nut. I r.1\'t~1I to
Gt-urge: and Gary almut it hut I allnust It'll
liltv: a]mln1gi7.i111; I1cr.|11st- I didn't Irrl that
the stuff wt' did was up to par with |ht' rust
of tI1t-pict11rt'.'I'l11"y \1|ult'rst<1ml thr situa-
tinn, tlmttgh. \\t' g.1\t' ll1tIl\ :1 ht~ll nI' a Int
tnnrc tI1an what they arlually paid Iur.
Thcy wcrc \'t'ry _tgratvlul. hut I was nnt at
all happy with wI1at we had in it. 'I'ht'
(hing; .L.n. (-mlk.|}- dmu._ Q. did mm-.
thing likc !n'1'nI_\- mun.\I1'r.\' on a .\'t'.\- zwr/4
s<'ht'duI1:. lint wt wt'r1'|tt t'u111plaining. \\t~
watttcd to do as inurh as wc ruuld Iur
thc.st- pt-uplt-. I partirtilarly likvd (i1'n|'_1;t-s
;n;iu||1- ;tI1m1t thc Iiltn, t'spt'tially aI't1'1' i;,.
jug |]|n,g), ||,,_- ,_-xv-ril-|~ nf K[,\(;
KONG. wlti-rc I was \\'urI&itt1; Inf |)tu|tlt'
-tn, |1;| U i|][pg[y' ;|| ;|||_
/1 ;m_\- gum] 1 X|'4' .\lI tttm|\' /inniliur
)m!Iu'.t /'iuul!\' gr! .n'r1'1'n crmlfl. I I
lt,|I.-',-y,- ']"]|t-y \\'|_'rt* wry nin: in giving
credit [0 c\'t-rylmtly. I uriiginally wont in
thvsrc knowing that wc would nnl n'rt-ivc
cn-tlit for this. But tht-y wrrv so plt-ast'd D
with thr work that wc tnntt-d nut in Illlll KID
and fur tin; ttmiwy, that Gary Kurr/. t1IIt'r-
t-tl mv trcdit .
~
I told hnn that I um tl nl
~ . . I n ca Q
takt: it without I01-li11_t; g.;\1iItyI1ct'at|st' I was
just s\|p,k.n4;5ig_ ()n.|- ll. yl-rs in mmiu
piptttrt-5, lI]\|'( s ht-t~n 5|; m;||iy |;t-<;pIt- that
|'\<c ltmkt-d up tn as the pt-nplc wlm actual- _]m1 lh-rg is a stup-ntntiult animator who
ly did tI1t- work, unly tu find nttl latcr Ihal spcciali/.cs in tht- nntstrtictitm of articulat-
thvy \\'t'rt' tIq1;1rl|ntnl Iwads who had \'ir~ cd armaturcs Inr slop-ltlutiolt puppt-ts. llis
tually nnthiltit In du witl1 a spt'tiI'ir n1akc- hall-and-s<tt-kt-t skt-Ivtmts haw litt'ralIY l"'"
\|p_ | ft-lt t||;|| 1 ((|\|l(l "1 [4, |hl- ;||m; \id1'1l thv I1at'l;Im|tt' ul tharat'tt:rs ani1natt'tI
(hing mysclf, I said that II \ut1 1;l\t inc hy suvh stnpaiintiuti I111ninarit's as David
U-(Ii; \-ml |\;|- H, j|<]"(| ,_-{<t-r\|jm|\- an .\Ilt'n and _|im Dattlurtli, tn nanw hut a
my <*rti\\'. 'Iht'\' saitl tht-\ wuhld work II\\~ IIUT" I" I9'III- _I""
I"~.\I-"I 4\"II"1|II"I!
5(,,m.l],;g mn_'_\[u.r 1. "lid ||- (;;m|;,,;, while still high sclmol. l't-rhaps the must
i11
5,_-|m.m-._ Jun |;l.m ml Hm -|-ipm. mt furtttitutis t'\'t'111 altt-r high scluml _\;radua-
W -|-55 gm;-_ 5, 1|-Y -,_n~ |,;\|,l,t- 11, 1;, tiun was his ;1<'t|1|ai1\t;11|1"t- with I)a\i1l .-\|-
U. "mtg; as q,,p.|,,;i,,,, ;,,,i,,,;m,r,_ 1'1-Y lcn. "\\'ht-n I mt-t llan-. I slmwt-1| him smnc
pm [Mug |;l-i~k'_,- "mm. -ilh mg,-_ ti. I'm1ta1;c that I had tlunc ul a littlc gorilla
[(,rm;ml-1-_ |_;,in,_l |;k;|_ M, lid J |,,; f Ilattghsl how many pvnplc do I/ml? and
U. .urk_ "ms |.h Um f ll. tn-|;l_ In gut Hit a job dni11y; the IilIsI111ry I)ut1gh-
]_,';/-,,_~ | am-55 ] (,|m-||,,- um |.,| in 1|- lmy at (Iascadv: I'it"tun's whirh turnvd into
s|||'f|._ ins! mu. Hf lust. |,'i",: ||u| imp. a lull-ti1n<'j0I1. lIt~I'1>rt' that. _Iu1\ atttndttI
581"!" ~\I""II'I| (III? II"III'll'~' It" I'" Y'~'1\I'5
l1t' linked with this Iiltn mt film. 'I'l1t'n' and It'll tn |mr.s\1t' his intvrcst in stop-111n~
wcrc a Int ul nan\t'.s' up tltrrt". and a Iut of timt attilnation.
_]1>n I1t't';1|nc a rt-gular nictnhcr of tht-
wasn't rt-ally work, it was I(IIl"7- ltni. (Ia.statIt- crow in I969 a|1d staycd tI1t-rt- 11n>
I'Iv.\':t'ir/.'.: I think it was lltt grt'at1'st ex-
-- - ; ; ,
l\ HR\ IL B\ I AUI \\DIIl
v - y _~
I-\'t'n in a stnall way, ivith a I'il|tt ul tltat pu-
trntial and scu|1t'. II tht-y t~\t'r du almtltvr
""\'- I Iwvv I R" "'1' *'I1='I\*'@' W WI; 1'" il-
I I-/in Tip/n-I! (1.-/1) .1-in III"
1:--1; It'll/l mp .S"I.-IR
II.-I RS t'!u'x.t1m'1t I/u'_\' muvlr unrl unimulrrl.
_ \.
 The
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/~;'= raw n\.< .|rlin|\ >ll|\|(n\L'

lilmml in l'1|\gl.||n| am |m
[hr |\r.\.~ (i|4\|rr.\ \\'rn' ~nprrin\~
pnsl'||. 1.. the hurkgrmlnrl
(Ilw\\||.n<.| (l'\-u-r Y\1.|yhv\v)_
(IIH'() (.\I\ll|nny D;||\i-'ls) -null
R!-U13 lK:'nn\ Bukrr] sure .|l
.||\ ~;|y n\.~.~|>~;m1, \\1n1--
Lukv (.\l.1rk lhmill) .m|l Brn
(Alm (Luim\rs~.~l ]i>n~n .|.~ l|.||\
s..1~- (|l.|rri>n|\ mm) \\.||'n\
lhv |'u||nl> lh.n l|\('\ h.u| hr!-
lrr In H11 \\|-"Riv win, [hr
.u.~~ Q\|n\ -.-r-- \llpl'rimpn\-
ml ru-n in lhr lung .~lml.~ wrh
.., \l1i.~..\|i|I41l. 1-ml 1ap;,.-u
=

(lrfl) and jun B:-ru (right) .|ni-

n|.|lim; |Iu- cluwzi Iiq\m'~ .u
ll..\l. I-lu-rylluiuu; is xlnnpral in
hl.u'k xn [hr -\\ linll mu hr >\l)1~
l'fiI!\[ll!.\\'( .. lhv .~1..~\~ 1,....m
in [hr nu-1 n>IIlpu\i\(. _|...\
Hun; .||u| mm 'lip|n'H .- in
nr\ic\\'\-4| |>I\ nw ,-rm--|m
.-.1 lnll\|\\'i|n; ;-..=--.~. HHIIHYIIZ
.-\ K|.,~.-up lm-k ..~ ~..m- (If m.-
rlu-\~ hgur-a~ do hnuh-. l)riuin-
..u\ m.- |_'||r|-~ \\-.-r.;>..,,;>.N-.|
1., In v\lplfllllprI\ll| as um--1
lmh-Qr.\n\\ m. n-- mm. .-1
|'|iIn'r~\ L1-L4.

_~ 7 I1-
t-I7
I
til I974 when the company changed man-
agcment and became CPC. Among the
many character's he's animated besitles
Poppin I~'rcsh are Hans the Nestle's .\lan,
l
Ogg, and several others for Kellogg's. lle al-
so has the novel distinction of having heeii
the ankles anti hands" of the _]olIy Green
Giant in 2| special makeup devised by Rick
Baker for color extreme closeups.
<
ll _]oiis inost recent work includes making
the armature for William Stroniberg's Tllli
i CRATER l..-\Kl-I l\I()NSTl'lR and some
armature work for the film l..\SERI*lL.'\S'l,
with effects by I)a\-id Allen. Ilis joint ef-
fnrt with Phil 'l_l|)])t.lllll( sculpture and
animation of the clicssmenga\'e S'l'.\R
WARS some unexpected moments of won-
tier and delight.
Phil llppelt is a fine sculptor antl a
hard-working guy. lle was horn in l95l in
ll"lllY- Cillifvfrlin. antl received his Bach-
elor's Degree from the University of Cali-
fomia at Irvine in I973. I've been inter-
estctl in stop-motion work ever since Ray
Harryhausen came out with THE 7TII
VOYAGF. OI SINB.-\l). I spent my spare
time sculpting and doing practice anima-
tion. lmet Dave .~\llen and_]im Danforth in
i
1968._'lhey've helpe_d me considerably."
IhiI landed his first job at Pr_ojects Un-
limited, where he did some minor work
for the film S0.\lI'l KIND ()I~' .-\ NUT under
the supervision of Gene Warreii and Wah
Chang in I969. It called for front liglitl
lmck llglll "illll llli" ll'l'd
5mP'
motion animation of a little car. It was sup-
ll
posed to he driving lialf-way across the
United States, then tuni into a picture
postcard located in one of the corners of
the screen." lle eventually became one of
the Cascade crew and has worked at var-
ions production houses in Ilollywond on a
freelaiice basis, including Filml-'arc. l-lxcel-
sior :\llllI11\lC(l Moving Pictures, and Crca-
tive Film Arts. Ile sculpted Tllli CR.-\TER
l..~\Rl'l .\lO.\1STER under David .~\llen's sup-
crvision, and then went on to ST.-\R \\'.~\RS
to sculpt (Iantina makeiips antl build and
animate the chcssinen with _]on llerg. Phil
is presently involved in _]im |)anforth's
Tl.\lEG.<\'lE. When I last spoke to him, he
had just ptll tlic finislting touclit-s on a
pterodactyl.
lt'Iial was your it-urltiiig tirraiigvirtt-til?
Tf[I])t'ff.' Each of us did about half of
the chess set. jun did the lead animation. I
was mainly involved with the animation of
the hackgrountl characters, The way we
worked it, each of us would take half of
the chcsslioard for any particular shot. One
I of us would animate half the characters
while the other person would animate the
other lialf.
II'trt' then" any l|fht'7IlIIf7IlHlt!Y_f?
Berg: No. Phil antl I did the chess
scenes together and built all the charac~
ters. Do you remember the little one that
jumps up and gets thrown down? That was
one of the more memorable bits of husi-
ncss that I animated.
' I Iluio niitny ntiiiiittltvi l7lUlIt'I.t art !Iit'rt'?
l set the thing up with the gures on the
Tippcll: I believe we originally built
.
ten, but George Lucas axed two of them.
so finally there were eight models that
showed up in the final lm. We built all
It these weird and crazy things, and by the
time we put all ofthem on the chessboard,
it kind of looked like a bunch of spaghetti!
' We had to pull a few of them out in order
.
to make the scene more intelligible.
l
lt'lit-rc war the aiiiniatinii .r/tut?
Berg: It was shot on one of the back
stages of IL.\l. All the facilities weretliere.
Dennis .\luren, who's hatl a ltit of experi-
ence with stojrmotitiii situations, tlid the
lighting setup and the eamerawork on it.
While we were still busy finishing up some
of tlte puppets, Detinis was setting things
up for us. IL.\l also had some people liuild
the actual animation table.
II'Iiust' itlca was it I0 /tat't' .rlnp~itintt'mt
figures in lIttft'r.i'l place?
19".?-' Tl" llllllill "'~'Pl l Ill" (C55
51""? 15 CUM-'l"l hi Gr\' l-"(#15 ml
Gilt) K\"l7- '15 mm? "l II "11""! l"~55
game. They wanted little people inatted-
in Ill-\l Wlllllll llllllh G'~0TlZl 511" lillTl'RE*
WORLD \\'l\ll\- l l1?ll'~\'- llll it ilmllilf
ql"~"l-C l" il- B"! ll '15 %\fl\lIlllY 1" lllcll
that Georttf llild ll"-ll Yeil" 33 ml ll "7"
l "P l" lUTURl1'ORl-D l>Y 5l"~'~"' "l"Fl
dencc. After seeing FIJ'I'UREWORI.I), he
was sort of disappointed in seeing that
someone had already used his idea. When
Phil and I heard through Dennis Muren
that George wanted some more monsters
for the Cantina in addition to the ones
that Stuart Freeborn had built, we made
up some small sculptures as design ideas
for George and Gary to see. In the interim,
Rick Baker got the job as supervisor and
we worked with Rick on that. When
George saw our little models, he and Gary
kind of Pvllfd "P ll"~' lllm "l "5l"8 5lP'
""7ll"-
I)u you Item" any i'tlt'a ti-Iiy tlic imfiiiu~
lion is ntt'rt'ly .ti1ptriiiip0st't1iii !Iit' .rci'iii'?
Berg: George wanted that transparency.
The main idea was to product: a representti-
tioii ofan electronic hologram. .\latting the
figures onto the board would have render-
ed them solid. So what we did was shoot it
against black velvet and they doubled it in
one of the old basics. The live action por-
tioiis of the chess game were pliotographed
on the pirate ship set over in linglantl. ()rig-
inally, they planned to have video scan
lilies printed into our animation just as had
been done with Princess l.eia. Once we fin-
l5lKll 01" i1"lmi!lll"\. it \vas sent tiff to the
Opticals department. I tloiit know where
or \vl\rn the decision was made. but the
idea of the \it.lcti scan was dropped. Ido
know that they were under a tremendous
amlmm "l l""355ul' "I Bcl lllll 5\\|lT ll"l5l1-
cd. So I don't know whether the video scan
was too time-consuming. or that it just
didn't look good enough.
Ditl you lend In gt"! in Hie tuuy ofrat-Ii
other it-Iii'Ii' niifitiatiiig mi the Xllltll .tt'l a1
Hit same Iinir?
'I'i'ppctt: No, not really. llverything
went surprisingly smooth. When Jon and I
arrived at ll.l\l, all the setups were made
and everything went amazingly well. Isup<
pose all I could say is that we just really
had a great time. We encountered absolute-
ly no hostilities. .~\nd George was really
great to work with.
Was l.lu:aJ around wltilc you u-t'rt' aiii'~
mating?
Berg: lle came in and talked to us. We
board and he kind of arranged them, which
was nice. We were able to throw ideas back
and forth. He just didnt come in and dic-
tat_c what he wanted; we all discussed the
moves and the various bits of business. It
was George's idea to have the character
hop over to the front, so we rigged that up.
After we had started shooting, he or Gary
would peek in and see how we were doing.
Once the ideas were nailed down and the
stop-inotion began to progress, we were
pretty much on our own. George was very
busy with the cutting and the sound mix,
hut he cared enough to get involved antl
"take suggestions.
I)o you limit any fatiorilr tflYt'lt'7.t
qnimig !Iit- micr yuu built?
Tf[IlI(fl.' The only one I made that had
any kind of story value was the one little
bt~;ttit- who pick; up the guy that hop;
across the chessboard and throws him
down. I actually built that particular one
several years ago. It wasn't for a specific
pwjt-t-t or aiiytliing;itwasjust something]
was doing on my own while experimenting
'~" with new materials. I had it in the shop one
day when we were doing the makcups for
the Cantina sequence. When Lucas saw it.
he really liked it a lot and said, Iley, that
wuutd r,_.;,||y hc gr; rm. {he (.|,.s s.
quenu._-- Thc hing had bu. siuing in my
ch,-I for 3 tong [huh amt though, this1
whuht hr 3 r;||y gum; Chuncc to gt-lhhh
f;|m_ | had m;,,j,_- an-;,,,gL-mt-ms that ht-y
huh; just be ,,-,,',,g that mnh-u|;" mu.
,_t|_ tn ning hut my hwt,i,_~_ [just fhafgfd
[hem uh 3 hut hash [hr that pupp,_~l_ RC.
m|y_ Jon and | pt tug,-tltt-I 3 link; lhs.
plav of the creatures for George and sent it
up '10 him_ | had thc |,u1j,;,mt.(,t-1.;,_-t an-ha.
tum f|g[n()\'1_'|J from (ht; tntitlgl |,t-ft;t-t- wg let
it go. So he's in possession ofthat particu-
lar puppet right now. But as far as I under-
gtatitl, tltey don't own any tlesigtt rights on
that tmtg,
I1 Iuoki-tl rlrtitigt'1_\' riiiiilar In I/It TIIIITIIX
"Int/t'l in I:'Ql'I.\'().\'.
TI-I)[)l'll-' .-\cttially, wlieit you're using a
standard ape armature like "Number .\IB-5"
or something like that, certain models tend
to look siniilar to a certain extent. When
youre doing the "basic humanoid monster-
weirdo shape there are bound to be simi-
larities.
Iicrg: That was the largest figure. I think
Phil was intrigued by the model that Dave
.-\|len built for IlQUI.\0.\l. There are ct-r
lain proportional similarities between the
two. Incidentally. that model was the only
one with II fully articulated armature in it,
eytgfytlting tglge was ttiin-tl_
|1';|_\-7| l it Ital! trying In gt! Jtylistvl ac-
linii out nfu-i'rt'ftgi1ri'.rI'
Bprg: It always is, although we would
11;/ pycfggtjto have everything jnintetl,
h'; jun um ,,( hose things hm uhch Imp.
pt-n whch yuu'r working on a project. The
original concept and requirements were
much simpler. .-\s we got into it, there were
mom ht; that we,-t~ coming op_ Thch
50mg hf 1|"; ;tt~|it,n; tht-y wmttt-tl bggan to
gm; htttc mt, ,_-t,mpt;t-att-tt_
[)|'(/ you ghoul llic tziifnialiuii on single
frairtt.r? I'zu' Iinirtl of um'cuiiipaii_y in [lo].
lywtmtl wIIt'rt' .t[)t't'd is su inipurlaiit, you
t-an gt-t in lytitt[)It' if you're caught rliotitirig
uii ririglvs.
Bcrg: We knew we were under pressure
to finish the animation as soon as possible
so the optical lab could make composites
in time for the release date on the picture.
But there wasn't anybody breathing down
our necks. We had a tremendous amount of
freedom. \\'e shot everything on singles.
but because of the electronic/holographic
look that was called for in the sequence,
we were trying to run a bridge between the
absolute smoothness of a Doughboy and an
electronic effect. We were trying to pro-
73
 tlure -1>1111*tl\i1uz \\'Ill1 -I -\'/11"! 1"/4
that looketl .1rtifit'i.1lly getteratetl.
lI'1r1' 111111 /rlt-1111'1I 11'1'II1 II11- r1'.\'11l!.\'
_\111uk""?
['1'/1p1~/1; Sure. \\'c woultl have prt-ferrctl
w l\:1\"v had u link" more time w 1:" lmrli
over .11ul reshoot tl1i1t1zs,l1t1t Lucas Ielt that
the .11titt1.1ti111t was ;1tlet|\1.1te for the Iilnt. I
suppose.
II11:1- l1111_q1I1'1I lI11'11111'n1111i1111
/l'I".k'-' I think it was .1l)t|\ll .1 \\1'1'k. \\'v
shot more Iootatge than they ttsetl. \\'e tlitl
some closeups of the stull, hut it ;1ppar1'11t-
ly tlitltt't rut into the set|t1e11ce for the ti1tt~
l".\ III-II (I'~'"T.\lI' \\'3IIl='II~ II"! KIN "'31 "Ill\1'
-=lww fit riulu inw H11 til-"1-Ire
Il'/ml it'll //11' HIIIHVP 11/ I/11' 111|1'n111l1'1I1
1'Hl1Il'|""'I I" /III fill, "I"!
lI*".k~' 'I'lt1't1' were three tltmettps tltat
were tlroppetl, as I recall. 'l'hct'1' \\'1t -1
"Plt'I<IIP I'I">IIIl"' "II II"! II'Y <II"II III-II
G'~'"Y\!I' \\'i1lIll'll HI one of the t'l1.1r.u'tt'r>
IIHIIIIII!-Z 'IIII III'~' IIIII'~'I- 'I_III'"' \"~'I'I' -IIW
stink re.1tti1111 sltnts of the t'l\.|t';tt'l\'r>. I
tlti11k (ieorge felt it was more tlt.ttt ttc11's-
5-"Y II" III'~' '~ql1e|1ce.
Iltcitl-'11mll1'. we nwlullv st-lrwl \~"~rk-
IIIK "II III" IIKIIIIF5 II" III" I'III'5 .I('~IIIII' I"'I"I"'
III" C-IIIIIIIIII SIWI5 \\'I'I"' lI"1l"ET1Il'IIIII -"III
startetl attitttatiott after the CaIttin:tt'lt.trat'-
ters were built. \\'e hatl just Iinisltetl \\'ork-
ing 1111 the C;111tina.111tlwt-111ri14htt111 t11tl1r
II' R-"I"-'1 II W115 I'll-IIIIY Hnttpressetl.
11
I'III<' PI'YI"I 'III 1II"I "I1'II"II' .1-M111: 1111
in .1 vet) SIIIITI 5llIl'? "I IIIIIl'- IIIIII KIWI I
were working crazy hours. sotttethittg like
lltrvv in the ztltrrlwwt til semi or viultt in
the tnorttingl
I'll in! _\'o11 1111-rt hulh !111[1p\- 11
.tt'r1*1'n t'r1'1lfl
as .t!11]1-1110111111 nr11'n111l1:r1.
Berg. It was terrific. I can't tell you how
great a pleasure it was to work on it aml
how lucky I Ieel to have heen associatetl
I with it. Dennis .\Iure|1 was the guy who
kept pushing our names to work on the
l
l film, and he 1leser\'es :1 lot of cretlit Ior get-
ting us on the picture. .-\nother interesting
1
thing was that we were working under tlte
I
assumption that we \1~t1ultln't get screen
credit. But we got it. George :1ntlCary tlitl
that for us. They were not obligated to do
Il11I 'I'1p;1>1I1n111t/11S1l-lit ll.-IRS
S111/1-11111111111 1u11'n11|t11r
I11 ii. it. It was what they :1'111111-11 to tlo. .\111I
hoy. that is soinethitttg that you just t|11 not
Ilml f1'n1/in this town!
I'.'1-1'vj\11n1' ;1~I111 z1'11rl.'1'1I
/,1,1[_[111111'11g !l11'11_;-1 /11 11111
1-11.1 111 11 1/111-11111 111111111
yuu I1u:'1'11111-/11-r\111111[r1j/I1 1'11'111111111 /tint!
[;1-y_g_- '[']1t-1-1-'5 1,1tt-
|],_,1 | rt-,
111e|11l1er well. l'l1il antl I .~l111wt-tl up .1l1o11t
I111.-1 111 1/11? 7:0!) one mor1ti1114 at the st.111t' \\'l1t-re we
were 111 l1e sltootintt the (I.111ti11a shots. \\t-
were out i11 tl1t'l1.11'k w.1iti1114 I111 the 1|ll\Ll>
to sltow up 511 we ct111l1lqeti11.11ul li11tl1111t
just how things were 1;oi11_1; to he littetl up.
.\s \\e looketl 1l11\1'11 tlte .tlle\'_ tl11'rer11111e
(;1~111.-1- 1,111.11 .111 111- 1111111.-11 11-1-;11-11111.1 1-1-11.
tllt-ton shirt .111tllo11ki111;like
_\l'tt-r we saitl Iiotul 111t1r11i11t;,
.11-e1'.11;1' _t_'ut,
(it-11r1;e," we 1~11t1-rrtl the stage. lle took .1
look .11 sotttr of the tnasks ;111tl saitl. llt-y,
is there any \;1s1'li11e .1ro1111tl l1e1t~'_"' Ihe11
l1t- knelt tlown on the lloor a11t| st.11'tetl
sloppittg this stuff 1111 the alit-11>. \\1s.1itl.
-~t),,n[ \-1,1, um ,1, 11,111,1|,_,1}\"_\m|]t,-
Mi1|_ ~-_\,,_ 1|1ii the l'1111st11l't'!"\\'hith 1111s
so 11e.1t l1ct.1use usually the pt-oplt~ [1't-
111.11..-.1 1111 11.11-1 11.1 1-111111111
was so g1'e.1t to see .1 11111
sitting tlowtt .1|ttl tlointg s<1ttttllIII\t{
11111\'ie
him-1| Jud tut-gm hm -5111 t1_ ||1- \\l> pm
_, H-,3 n-14u_,t,|c W-m," H
;,t,.,t,1|1i1,,_"_,]]_
\\'ht-11 we wete
511111111111;
(iconic the tie-111-t-.1. 1111 .1 li ttle
11~t111l1l t.1l-11'
pa11111mi111e. lump tltetn111'erl1c|'e.1n1lstt1ll'
like |lt;|t_ It tt-,1; l't111 t11t't' him ltinxett up.
\'t111 k11t111~. l111 111111.-1|
ttterriztls where tliings are tteiterally more
_1_'1'! ttptiglit. (ieoree was so nit e to work \1itl1
atttl so ope1t,jt1st .1 terriliit cotttrast. Ile was
going for this sense of e11joy1tte111. I'|n .11-
ways aina/.e1l when I see S']'.~\R \\'.\I{.\'. It
runs tl1e spectrttm 11l'ett1t1tio11;1I respottst-s,
l111t there is tltat all-itttportattt sense oli [1111
aml ettjoymettt tltrotiglttutt tl1e whole
tltiltg. When I think of tl11: pressttre tltat
George n1ust'\e hcett untler while .1ll tltat
was going on, I Iiml it ittcretlihle that lte
coultl still getterate tltat sense oI Iun antl
wontler and ettjoytttettt. That itt itself is .1
1t~ni|'it-;1|1i,_\1m,c,,L
'1 clttnu t'1m11- /i_t-11r1a\.
_ Ben
-I
BE
1111 I/11' /r1'1Iur1'
Butttt
111111111 (/1-11rg1 I.u
11 /111111.111 I11-1'11t1_ IJ11
imjtttm
@@@u@U
yo111'e\'e1'y1l.1 l1@U@@u@
51111131] ILllDU(il
ElFF@@@
\\'l1e11 wt tl1i11k oi 51'.-\R \\.\R.\', our in-
.11 --11111." 11
iti.1l itttpressiott is tl1.1t of .111 entltrallittt; \'is-
111.1l~tt111 this ~11|u1'
11.1l expt.-1'ic1u'e, \1'l1it"l1 it 11nt|11estio11.tl1ly is.
ol the tttiittl-l1t1gglit1g r.t1:zle~tl.11.-
Yet l't11' .1ll
,1-1-11-M3,, /.le the screett, the elI't'tti\'1"ttess of carlt
1111
illusion \111ultl he lost tore\1~r witltout tlte
tltt-tltess proper soutttl el'|'ctt. \'i.\'11.1ls opt-11 the eyes
t;.1111t-,
.111tl st1111ttl raises the goose hutnps. l)ittti1t-
II IIIF IIY"-'II>'_"I "III' -I"II_III*' "II'I'1I_"
tt11t1.1t1c;1lly l<1$cs!ts]H||tt'lt. lh.1tsy|1tl1111t1t
relatio11sl1i|1 is rt-le\'.111t to .1ll gettres of the
111 11>1.11.i11_t; 111 t~11111-
ttttwies l1t1t it is a11 es|1t-cially settsitive issue
with sciettce l'i1ti111t. It is tliI'l'icult to itt1a- ,
gine tlte opt-nint; shot i11 S'I'.-\R \\'.-\RS
tvithttut that ittcretlihle roar. I.ike\1'ise, tl1e
\\'ot1kie (.1 fancilttl exteitsion of George l.u-
e;ts' n1.1la11111te tlog 11.11netl l11tli.ut:1) ;111tl R2-
I)2 lose their contatgiotts cl1.1r|tt witltout tl1e
proper voice. S'I'.-\R \\'.-\RS is it fusioti of
sight .1tttl sountl taken to the extreme. Sur-
prisingly, most of its i1111t1\';tti\'e sou111lef-
fects were larigely tlte work of t111e i11tli\'itl\.t-
al .1 young .t11tl talentetl Iilttttnaker/sottntl
I recortlist
_|. _]
.1 1 ll 1;,
natnetl, lien Iiurtt
l (. '.'I'l1is isi._kintl of
vk_
1111 11 5 true. toot snunt ts t_.t 1.11
.
for grzttttetl l1et'a11se tt s 111 there, .1n1l II e\-
erytlting is l1elie\al1le in tenus of sonntl,
you just accept it, .\Iost people come out
of movie without eveti knowing that any-
11
<1_ thing was tlutte. that stntttd is all pieeetl to-
gether and Iaketl .111tl tltat ntayhc none of
the voices are real and all of the footsteps
are articial."
matle him
is a fantasy film Ian. and that
Iiurtt
esperially suitahle for ST.-\R
~ - I MARS. IIe
New York
nine years
was horn in I9-I8 i1t Syracuse,
anti lived tnost of his twenty-
in the east. Many of his child-
hootl years were spent protlucing effects-
orientetl super-H movies. lle graduated
from 1-\l|egl1e11y College itt Pettnsylvania
with a tlegree in physics. You see what
training itt physics tloes for you? You im-
mediately go into something else!" After
that, he (lecitletl tltat lte wantetl to do film-
making on :1 professional level.
During the next year. lien ntatle sotne
lms and won some contests, alter which
he tried producing commercials in Syracuse
for a year, gaining experience hut not mak-
ing a living. In that case, I was doing pho-
tography, lighting and sound. and working
with a lot of guys." Ilis Iilms became more
INTERVIEW BY PAUI. MANDELL
7 sopl1is1i1":1t1'1l in the special effects area, speak English. They 1Ii1l11't 11-ll 1111: much
making use 0f
n1i11i:1t11r1-s and matte p:1int- al11111t the n10vi1'.
ings. 111- set 1111 l1is 1111-11 front pmjt-1ti0n IIuu-1li1II!11'_1-11]1]1rm1r/11-nu?
systt-111 :1t 11111111-. .-\t 1111- ti1111- lI..\I was i11 its The first thing they s:1i1l 11':1s. \\'1- l1:1v1- P "_
fom1ati\1- Sl;t1.{1'S :111d lien 1v:1s 1:11-e11 the :1s- tltis giant 1"r1-:1tttr1- \1'l1t1's like :1 big t1:111I)
signmvnt of 1'1-s1-:1r1l1i11g different s11\t11tls I11-:1r. I11-'s :1 _1;1111d guy. 11111 s01111-111111-s I11-'s
for ST.-\R \\'.-\I-(S, I11: spent s111tte 11f his ft-r01i1111s. \\'1- 111-1-11:1 111111-l1t1111:1n \'11i1"e1'11r
time at the f:11"ility t1-sting 0111 visual cf
feels. "l11'1;1tts1-
pr11v1-11 t1s1-ft1l_ I
my 1-xp1-ri1-n1"1-
1li11 s111ne 111i1111r tl1i11_1gs. I
i11 eff1-1'15
him that's r1-ally l11-li1'\':1l1le l1t1t 11111 r1-1:11g-
11iz:1l1l1- :ts :1 k11011*11 ttnimztl." In :1 f1-11' weeks
ti1111-. it l11-1':11111- 1-\i1l1-11t that t|11-1' 11':1|1tt-tl a
-_Q1

was 111-\1-1' i|1 1"0111et11i1111 10 1111 :1n1'thi11g 11'h0l1- r1-111-r111ir1 111' s0111111s. I fi|1:1lly sa11
script. with
m;1j11r.'I'h;11 11'as11'1
Ieant."
my goal. Iw:1s1l11-rt-111 tl11:
tl1t-111 111011.
1111-1
TI11-y
(11-01111-.
111-1-111-111111
111111 1:1lk1-11
kitttls 011-11i1"es I \
\\l11-11 doing 1"11111111er1i:1ls it1 $1'r;11't1s1- :1111I 1-qttiptnt-11t s0ut1ds. TI11-1' 111-1tl1-1lsn11t111
b11r1- 1111 fruit 1':1r1-1'r-11'is1', B1-11 111-citlt-tl 111 f0r 1\'e:1p011s :1n11 l1:tr1l\1':1rc :1n1l 1111-rltztnical
c11|1ti|1111- his higlter 1-1l11t';1tinn. lI1- n1:11l1- :1 111-\*i1'1-s. They 1litI11'1 t1-II 1111: this i11i1i;1ll1. I
lil111 1-t1titl1-11 (il~'.NliSIS 11-hi1"l1 111-:1lt with guess 1111-1' 11-1-r1-11111\'i111_1 sI1111ly. 1r1'i11_1; 11111
the 1'11-:1ti111111ftl1e U11i\'1-rs1-. lt s1-1-111s tl1:1t p1-111111: 10 s1-1- 11'l1:1t they c011l1l 1111. ;\l1111tt
c1'1-r1'0t11- has :1 film 11:tn11-tl Gl'l.\'I-ISIS! I
guess tl1:t1's s111111-11111114 1111- all l1.tv1- i|1si1l1- 0f
us." ()11 1111- basis 111' tl1:tt film. 111- was
1111- same wt-1'k that I stttrtt-11 in _|t1ly 11f
I975, they rc1111-(I sp;111- in \':111 Nttys f11r
Il..\1 :1n11 l11:1.g:1n 111 staff it 11'i1l1 111-111111-. S111 '
7
-
a11':1r111-11 :1 st'l10l.1rsl1i|1 :1111I 1111-111 111 1111- I11-_1;a|1 111 in\'1'nt" s11t111111:Ife1"1sf11rST.-\R
gra1|11at1- s1'l1110l of (Z1111-111:1 :11 USC fur \\'.~\RS. I

11111-1' :1111I .1 l1:1lf 1'1-.1rs. Tht-11-, he l11-1":1n11- an Ilnw tlirl _\-1111 11111111-1-1!?
instrttrtur i|1 1111111111. I1-t1r|11-11 the t1-1"l1n11l0- Iiasicttlly 11-11111 I 11i1I1\':1sl1r1:t1k 11111111 th1-
:1|1tl l11'1".1n1e .11'li111:111-11 111 the II0ll1'~ 1-ntire s1ri|11 into 1lifler1-111 1:111'g11ri1-ss11e-
11111111 111t11-i1- 1'11l1my. 1*i:1l \'0ic1-s. 11-1-111111115, 1-1-hi1'l1-s, 11110rs. et1'. I
I11 .\I:11' 11f I974, 111- 1'0111|1I1-11-tI1\~11rk 1m was trying to fi11d s0t1t11ltl1:1111'011l1ll1c :11)
:1 t11111i1- 1':1ll1.-11 Kll.I.I)O7.l'lR 1111 11hi1'l1 he pmpriate a1111 11ri_11in:1I. I11 :1 film like this.
ditl tnittiattttres :1t11l :1m1.-11-0r crashing i11t0 y11t1'recreating a t111:1l f:1111:1sy 11'0rI1l. l\'11th>
.-\Iri1":1." It was 110111 for ll11i\'1-rsal a1\1l the ing r1-ally exists. N11111: 11f 1111' eqttipmt-111
efft-cts 11er1- shut in Ilitnm. 'l'h;1t 11-11 111 ntakcs any s011t1d during filming, 11r 1111- I11-11 Ihml.
work :11 Gr.1|1hi1' films :ts :1 s0t11111 1-tlitnr s0t1n1l it 1l01-s111ak1- i$t11 the right 11111-. .-\ll
and 111111-r l1:;1r11i11g j11l1s in that fi1:I1l. "I the 51-ts 104111 great l111t tl11-y'r1- 1111:1111 111':1t1. 1111; 51111111] 1:111-1"|s in ST.-\R \\'.-\RS, .1n11
did 50111111 editing 011 1:1ri11t1s Kt1t1g~l"11 Thert.-'s1111life t11tl11-111. .-\ll ki|11ls111's1111n11s 5111111; 111' 11 -35 111<11,11|1|1- 1111111111-1~1| 111 1|11-

pietttrtzs. s11r1 11f off-tl11--11-all, 11011-1111i11t1 11'1.-r1- tu give it 1"r1-tlihility and 111
nee1le1I 5111111-f;15i111,11,
prt1j1-1'15.gaining 11111r1- 1-xp1:ri1-11re as 1111-1' make it excitittg. It's n01 just tn tnake it [_,-1', gr; 1,1-k 1,, 111,- 11*,,,,k,',-_ ]],,1,~ ,11',[
cam1-along." :t1"ce|11:1l1le. The whole movie is :1 c0n1ic 11,1111-1,~1111~/1111-"11-11?
1 In recent 1'1-:11's, I31-11 workt-11 it1 t1l1sC11re b1111k. It 111-1-tl1'1l r1-:1II1' et1t'rge1i1; s011n11s \\'i1l1 1l1c \\'1111ki1.-, my r1-s1-:1rcl1 i11111l\*1-tl
cP5"~'mc5" "1 5*"'"il Rue" C"|'"\1l" lm5- that 11-1-re visceral. 11few things initiallv. 0111- 11':1s 10 111-1011111111-
3m""K 1119' ll0l1l1Y'00D I-)Ul1l5' l)i1I .1ri1'11t'1-f1'r!1'1111 fiIm.1' Ii/111 I"()ItI1Il) all 11f the tliffert-nit m1'tl1<11ls p1-11|1l1- 11:11-1-
\'-'\RD "11 Dl'l~\'l'll R-QR 21m"- will 11" I)I.\' PL.-1i\'l:I' 1/111! t1-1'r1' 11111'1/ur .1'11u1t1I 1'11 11s1-11 111 mutlify 50111111 111111 pr01l111:1- \'t1ic1-s.

ad-'*'"I "1 ST-R I-'\R51 he '35 Cllufcll i11111'111'1'\111u1'11111111 11-av? I 1"t1II1-1'11-11 11f weird 1:111-
tapes 11f;1ll kinds
'lll1 "'~'4"i"K "ll Ill" 5l '~'"'~"'I 1*" ll"? Yes. iti 11av. 'F()R'IIII)l.)l-LN Il..-\.\'I'I'
:1 gu:11.g1-s antl
st111li1-1l tl11:111 1'01 :1Ii1-n-s01tn11-
5l" ""11 5l"~'"' 9"" 3 Yul "c5*'i\"5Il"!l 11-115 :1lI 1-le1"1r011ic. 'l'l\1: first ;1s|>1-1'1 G1:11n;1- 1111;; 1111f;1111ili:1r 1"l1.1ra1t1-risti1"s. I 1\'1-nt 111

Ih"- "C Ill 1" l"ln Ill" Sam rm ST-'\R s1r1'ss1-11 in our initial 1"0n1'1-rs;1ti1111 11-as 1l1:1t l:1ngu:1ge l:tl1s 111 v:1ri1111s 1111i1'1'rsi1ies. 1'01-
I-'\Rs 11- WIW" I 11' B'~"- Ill '35 l)u5ilY h1- tIi1l 1111111-11111 rtnvtlting in the pieture l1'1"t1-11 t:1|11-s, and hit'1'1l 111-111111: 11-l111s]111k1-
engaged in retnixing .~\1\I1lRI(i}/\N GR1\F- 51,u11(|i|1g 1-|,_-(1m,111-_ 13-11111115 R2l)'_1 11-;151]1 u|1usu:1I .-lj'ri1'n11 l;111g11:1g1-s, r1-t"1111l1'1l them,
H 1'1" 5""'*" "I -\"'"C," /1"1'""l"' I" only 1-211-1.-pti11t1, l1ut 1-\e11 I11
u-1,11-;1]]y c|,_.C1r1,1111-_ S1111-1
11i1ln't 511111111
F()R|[|)|)l-j1\'
Allkl lll\IR'1l I" Wllill ll")' l\1"l 1" $1? I
tztlketl tn p1-01111: who l1;11l ar1ifi1"i:tl voice
the Salt I"r;111cis1't1 art-:1. II1- _|ust c0111pIet1-11
II"? \"~'lIXI"K "I STAR W-'\R5 in G@'lm?ll\1 1141,,-\XE'l', i1' l11-1"0m1- :1 cliche. .\1:111\- film; huxcs :1111I r1-1"11r1l1:1l s1111111ls 1111111 ztnytltittg
101"! \'?l\1l5'~"l"\"~'l'5'i15l" l'i\l"'\1l"'Y- have 1'0pi1'1I pieces 11f it. l1u1 1hey'\'11 111-1-111 it\\1\l\'i|tt{ \t1it"1- |1111difi1':t1i11n as i|1 syt1tl11--
1 been as successful. I1 was :11-1-r1' alit-11 sc0r1-. $17-I-'l5~ T111- lllI-'|1l\lm<-' <<II"l>""Y 11"" 11"
kinds 01 wt-ird r1.-$1.-:11'1"l1 1111 111111 10 stun-
_

'I"1"I"' Y9" w""' "1" 0f "'1' f"'~" P-'"' ,~\I[l1()ugIl I was a big fan of I-:ORBIl)I)l-j]\
Pl "l"'df' ' STAR w1'IRsP"'j""l? Pl-\1\[T and 1 1111-1| 111 1111_1]111 11 [111 11f voices in tliffert-ttt ways. S0 I 1ri1-1lt111'x-
I 5l'P5*' I '35- G371 ml C6978? "~"' things like that. it was not the :1ppt't1a1h PINK 115 ""l"Y i'"""55 -15 I '~'""ll-
"arching I1" PcPl'~' 1" _USC I d" SPCCIJI they wanted fur ST.-\R W.-\RS. Thcv 11-:1nt- Th! '""kl hi"! I" 1'" 1ll'"""l"l Ill
effects and costume 1l1_:s1gn, and artists an_1I Cd .1131 Gmmc 31-Y5 1-_1||,_-1| _111 ;,,q,,,1;,- f1-r1-ntly l11'e:1us1: I11: was :1 r1-al :111i1n:1l. T111-
model-builders to des1gn spaceships. Thts ,,,,,,,,1,,,,L-k_ .119 c\1,_-1-31111111,: is 11-111' and challenge 1111-re was to fi11d s01n1: ;11"tu:1I
was in June of I975. Ultimately, Gary |if,_-.|ikC_ |1 11111.51,-1 51,11,111 5,,-1|11;c_ T111-1: animals, r1-1111111 them. an1ls111n1-h0wmake
Kurtz contactctl some professors at USC is 3 11-11111-n1-y 11f c]c1mni1- 5111111115 11, be use of tl111se s0u1111s f11r his speetslt. \\'1- ini-
and asked them to recommend someone very P11,-c_ _.\n,__1 11'; 1,-11 dune so 11111113. tially tltuugltt that In-urx \\'11uIt1 111- pretty
who would be interested in working on the limes to creme 1, f11111_y fu.|i1,g_ 5T,\R good, 111111 they 11-1:1-1-. I r1-1111111-tl all kinds
soundtrack. I was recommended since I \\'_.\R5 1; 111-151-111iv 1,1 5,, 11111,-' familiar 11f bears that I 1-11ul1l fi111l. I r1-1111-11 I11-:1rs.
was the biggest fanatic down there in terms gen-5' Y" '5 51; 3 rn[sv_ T111 main went to r:111rl11-s 11~l11-1'1: they 111111 pet bears.
of sound effects. P111511-111 111111 C1-,_-11111111 51,11111_|'f1,1- 1111 Pic. and then t'e111t'1le1l all different kinds 0f
l)1'(Iy0u know Gt-urge Lucas? 1111c was 111111 1-U11 1111111 11, make 11 [,1~|1y. animals. I went 111 zoos a1111 11-curtlv.-11 sea
I tIid11't ktinw him at all. I knew of him ;1[,]g_ '[1111 11g11i11_ i1c1,11]1|111 |1 111,, 111111111111 lions and 1':1mels and trietl 111 111-11-rmit1c
but I never met him. Their main itlea was hg1_~;11_151_- 1111311 i1 1,1-1,11]d 1101 11 1,1111 of 1111 what animztls ltad 1"ert:1in sp1.-1-1"l1pa1t1-ms.
to gather a young, inexpensive crew with align 1-1111111-_ l1'1m.t .1'111m:l like
S1-11 11-uul1l'1-1 !11'1'11 lltry
lots of fresh ideas. After the re1'ommenda- WI1111 kiml nffilm_1' I1a1l lltc I11-11111;-,1! 1'n~ irlrulfur H11 l1'1111ki1-.
tion, I was interviewed by Gary Kurtz and u;-1111-1111 you 1'11 11-11111 1,_f51111111[jI Sea lions a11d waIrus1's 11-1-r1: 11-rrilic.
got the job. My first assignment was to l would have tn 53y I was i11111;111-d ;1 Bears are very good. .~\s it 1urn1'1111t11. a lot
come up with a voice for the Wookie. .~\1 1;-1;11 deal by ;1lo1Qf11-;11 mnvics and B11111! 0f the W11oki1: 11.-as mostly "b1-ar." Even
that time, the Wookic played :1 slightly big- movies. There really hasn't been :1 space] bears 111 the same species still have differ-
gcr role than he eVCn1u;1lly ended up with. fantasy lm like STAR WARS other than 1:n1 personalities!
The story was still evolving at that point. the Fl./\SII GORDON serials of wltich I Dial you .1pt'1trl any lime m-ur I/11* ([ur-
They had a third draft of the script. and I loved the sound. I tried to go hack to them 1111-I-,\Iu11l1'r1-_v sltorr
wIt1'r1- 11-11 liunx are
lhlllk "WY ""l\"1llY 51"" "1 ll? 1<""lh and see how the sounds were created. WAR pn-11nI1-111 m1tlp1'11])l1' ur1' .t1'un'1I/
draft. I think they were really concernecl OF TIIE WORLDS was another one. A lot Actually I went 10 M:1ri111-l:1111l. 11-here
'bI h"l" 3 "".lY Chilmclel lhll l1ld"'l of the material in that film was similar In they had public c<1llct"ti11ns 0f animals. l

75
,,..@*
r

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.si.
..,.__V_W

i
~"
\
*.

Al I
~

'1
it

.
-
A
A
We.

\
-
\
/'

K' 1
~
v_,si,..
'~

"
\
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making a character like the Wookie suecess-
ful cw" mung H S wt. sum is Um I-.1
that \ou /Hl4Ill' that its .in aniinal sound lt
has the feelinvR of s l ieeeh to it and vou un>
tlerstand llIi\(llC'S trying to say soiiiething
as an aniiiial. lle makes sort of /imikirig
soitnds that a huinaii

' ._
\\, .~\R.S. C .

. ..
tatinot do. fhat htlp
ed make him acceptalile as a real creature.
Th pmhlun HS r.rn_m Um, in 5!-R
._
,

3 oii had _]aw.is and bandpeople, all

kg r
_
-
'i'h lb" "'K""i_"h" "ll-l""i
warm. lovable, somewhat liumati side of his
l'"']'' I-ht "l"'mn'c pun -"S g':n'
Hid by 'ylPes""er' H: ""1" P? of ms
WT.
5"f5'__
I
mu
I I
'3 >"r"l g hr)
lilended together. \\liat
fl":r:F_|_lrmf
rf ".5" " _r Sm"___"l""
l"l1((lll'lI\lklll sounds in tliert, squttks pro-
,n I

l did as sit damn

and decide that R'.' was Ioinv to sa\' some-
.
thing like. _,
Look out! .. wlieti
5" . L
it
" .-L"

a soldier ap-
h,"i"l-l

Iii"a'i'w:'iiu:iC(}
inst mcnl 1"
. '
hf

_
,

\,
M. U
4

\iI\w!,.,,.,$~;~o ""
. _

V. l:k_::4";l "'2'? 5 0 U proached. Then l'd try to come tip with it

ii ) .-15
re: I t I. ;L"l .'k.' , 1. Iv seiitenee that had some etnotional feeling
\~M' .
.
._,_\ "Q,'ur?;:g_':$i;m:;L:: ':.I\.(:.'";\'.U\i2,..,
.
to . it.
.
ld. make sotne beeps and .run my
l_ \ O i

-r 7
Q '4, .
' . '
.
voice through a synthesizer and go into my

l....it \\\
\\~ ~ -

Ti \ ~\\' \ H" H"-"I"'I ;m"l I"f',:"{ 71 ''/]"n"x lilirary of cute meclianical sounds atid put
.
spullk play! Fm hm mm J [ml m them all together. I also hle\\ through .i \\.i-
7 B - \~_
,
ii oftliing. ,
h
- . . . , lCl|)l])t and got this
- _ -4 ,_
neat little \\l\lSll(.
- , - i

ii :
v

yv t ' \e5' r"5'*""h'*"l lms M hlxh

I The svrilltz'Si':er it u l<t\'lnmnI iri.t!ru-
' ml . 4*. . hoxG' I f"'l 3" H "Id r"""mhng5 and !7lt'Ill. Iltiw rlirl vnti rim yuiir: t'uiu' Ilirougli
.__,
!
Q
i .
tried to stud) what had been done so tltat <1, - '

\
F
I could do it myself or do it better. lliere
., Yu can Hm 3 Smmd [mm H mikc mm
.

I
s.
tu '1 ll PI. ?l"_s" u e _ fresearclt
U
for sound
I) wk the eleetroiiics of the synthesizer. You can
I P 3
gs
l
_; - .1 .
.

1'59 m mm"s
on it,_and Jen l_ile \\lio
R "r" U then lilend it with tones generated from
the actual keylioard as well as sulijeetini,' it
._.
A - . I I. Irememlier what hap-
. V "_\_ In imi
~~ mu "n H " W l "' , to the various electroiiit" processes that tlte

3
_' _ _

gr:' _,|\ inc .w".m"w 0 my simnds dim". m k|:\(

Q
synthesizer hasvoltage-controlled filters
_ - _ -_ . .. - , . ' . into prot iicing musii:.. o .. per onnet .- on
4 "3 ' ' l-- *'-i J Lhdnu ur In SIAR i."\Rs hmt mud it until l came UP with something tltat l
[Mfr "|"'g'*'d hm "g""y Puke 3 ms felt worked right. You could make little
sP""'.,'{f."l""''
UPHIIRJ
''d ""'d "/fa "'9" 8"" B"-m
A cuhlt rillurlied I0 a mdin lower with
"|"'~' i" "'"5'~'!WU Hmly
"ym, l-[mun-11., whistles
I .,
and things and put it through the
I I | | Q l
ll IIHYIIVVIICY. [I151 Hill II] I'It'.tI!I41ldJ m.o'.i1i',i dtl'iS- . iv"! 11511;" -"\< """\"}< 11 """-ff ="}'"_
nu s. G.""'d"' he l'""'3 h'""'
_

iii I/it-_miimliiyST.~tR ll.-tRS'1ui--rs. with slight electronic envelope as it is

I .
alien extortiotiist who talks to llan Solo , called.
a

and pulls a gun on him, sort of a hit-man
would make arraiigenients to go in there alien. l~'.\'entually what was used for Greetlo
wheti the |1tll)liC wasn't around and tried to was a language which was "invented" from
get recordings. This went on week after Peruvian ltimti. 'l'hat was a very iiire lan-
week. Meanwliile. l launched researeli into guage. l used it a couple of times in the pie-
the areas for weapons. l went out to army ture. lt was u_sed for a gold. hug-eyed roliot
liascs and missile launches and took wea- in the Sandcrawler. lle said a couple of
puns out to the desert, shot them, atid re- things hut you didn't understand it. lle was
corded explosions, For vehicles, lasers, and also speaking lncan. Some of that was just
spaceships, l spent lots of time at various stolen. l just took words without knowing
airports, .~\ir Force liases, and factories what their meaning was and strung them
where they tested turliine engines. The together with the help of at\ assistant. l
main idea was to take those sounds, pro- found gt stuticnl ;|t ltei-kt-lt-y named Larry
eess theiii and orchestrate them like musi- \\';irtl who is a linguistics expert. lle eould
cal instruments. imitate voices. So l hrought hini over, we
S "' W"'-" ""11 """lP"-"4!" "1-ll-f \\'"Ykld ""1 ll: |iE\K'-'- "lid l\< mimil"~ll
ferent ani'ttial.iI' lncan very effectively. Larry liecame the
ln the end, l took recordings of hears. voice of Greedo. lt was phased elevtroni1'al-
camels. walruses, lions, and a few cougars ly so it hatl a strange, alien quality to it. lit
and extracted sounds out of them that phasing, you take two iileniiealeopies nfa
were similar iii color. The difficulty in duli- voice and put them nut of sync just a tiny
hing 1' li1""1l! 55 "ml W)" luv! 1 5 Um ML
sistent you just can't cut a dolphin to a Ilow would yuiigoaboutiIr'visitigalati~
walrus! lt has to he homogeiious. l picked gimgefnr RI.I)Z.?
various hits of those animals, sounds which R? was the most difficult one of all. He
were eonsistent, and huilt won! li's!s out of was a potpouri of little sounds. That was
ll"-l"*l|\'~Y"5 Svllnd ~'\- 5- C- 0- '~'l'5- I "Wk the om M718 in ""7 Piclum hm '35 Suing
each one of those and reproduced it at dif to be electronic, but it had to he totally
ferent speeds. plus or minus, a little hit of tlnderstandahle in terms of emotion. \ ou
one animal or another, sort of like musical dldlfl u"dY5li\"'J X4l'~'llY WI"! he 511"] hm
""l5- 0""- Y9" 711""- his hawh "f dlfkr 7 3 I 'h he "1"
mc /"""
ent sounds, you could draw isolated bits of P'""'"5'"l """' Um
will 1"" f""-h
\Vl>"l5" "Y 5Yi|h|5- VH1?" You t-'mbl'"7 'l""lf' R2,?
Wm and "Y 1" miikl "P 3 >"l"l"" hm The much ph.".m "la was 'm"c5ng
gives the desired feeling. The \\'ookie ended bl" |l5 l""_ flmllll" and \*''k"'" i"
"P '1"! 51*Yi"S 1! h| 1 C '""'d 'h" PPl' R2 '5 unsmcessful "]Y , he ex
l" W115 ""TY 1""-l he had 1150" W 01' six mm hm 3 lo I P'~Pl h"_' hm as
51l9fB5~" '9'-ch Ph9- HE'S 3 "cry lchcmc ba_h'_Cc
Did you ever iticorpurate any Iiumati uf mechanical and organic characteristics.
muvids in llie composite for lltr Wnu_ki'e? The touch phone is too cold. We had an ex-
There's not a touch of the human voice pcrimental version of R2 as something like
in there. It's all animal. A human could not a touch phone but it didn't have any mean-
makr the sound that (hr Wwkie mikes i"i;-
You could mimic it, but l'm convinced llvw was R2: uoicefinally acliieued?
that there is no way you can totally dis- Basically the essential character,
guise the human voice. The real problem in tumcd out. was to combine the electronic
-I-/H. mm I,/~ H. J;"<I,_ in H". In,-Hg
Hm wt. xpl._1m.[a,_ [Hm] I,-,1 mm. .n"_
5,31 ,,/1) '
Thcfc arc iwi, i,um|_ (mg i,f |ht- Rt-ht]
igiutkmie ithhmq amt hm. i,[ ii. 51;" |).
sqtoyt-t_ ] rt-t-imit-it ;| hit of innit-i-i;i| nt tht-
Mojave air races, high-speed aircraft flying
ten ft-ct ahnve the ground. I took those and
glnwt-ti tht-m tinwn trt-ineiidoiisly. .'\ lot of
the very high f['t_(l\|L|\Li[ would therefore
timp (l(|\ut1 to ;| mtirc ;nitlihlt- rttnttc, l then
mixqil that with the wlioosh" of jet
plnnqs and ;i iitumjci-];i|,_ 'lht- r[ ghip
was the thunderclap and the jet sottnds.
'|h t'()1|d gnuntl -35 I);|5i(;\Ily m;tt|( up of
two elements: a low frequency rumhle and
part of the gnuttd of thg Gtmtlyt-nr Blimp
slowed way, way down! I spent a long time
rt-cortling the Blimp. It's one of my favo-
ritt gtyuntlg, it (gt-;|tt_-ti the sense of sonic.
thing gigantic moving, Thc ntixt-i-5 tiiti ,1 Int
of special enhancements of low frequencies
for that pmlituiar eff-i mm [,1 mm-I
words when they did the finai mix. they
Wonk] use spam] fiiis am] cxaguralc ht.
mmming aspc of in you (Quilt do that
with 70mm stereophonic sound hut not
wilh an Oniinary plicui "uCk_
"ow about Nu. [asnsy
Thgn; arc hits hf iiffr,_-ht kind; hf hi5.
ers. llan Snln's laser was different from the
Empire's, The basic concept of the lasers
_ _ _ was to come up with something explosive
without having it sound like a gimshul. It
~;in't gning tn hn Ditty Harry; M;|gnntn_
Again, this entailed a lot of research. What
really worked well in the end was the strik-
ing of a long cable suspended from a radio
[Owen you have in find a MW" with jun
thc right frequency, and I fnund nne.
"aw ,1,',1y"u hi; P0,, that M,-,1?
| was on J hike with my faih and he
accidentally walked iltl this cable! It
made ii g-i-mt sound! i told myself that this
as it has got to be exploited. It was almost a
whipping sound at 3 vci-y high pitch, T0

76
-j
use that sutuul Inr the lasers, we ltatl to
slow it down a great deal. 'I'l\at was the Ima-
ir sound lntt a Iut ul things were atlded tu
it ha/.uukas, screeehes of various kinds.
ctr. On smne ueeasi<ms. there were ltutnan
screams mixed in witlt it in urtler tn give it
a Ireakislt quality.
Tlttll .\'umt1l.\' Ii/tr ,mntr 0/ I/1| !rit'lt.\
- -
Illttm/mmt (|'rm- tinrttin tlivl fur I/tr .\InrIiutt
n'n'um in (it'ur_gt' I'u/i\' Ili.'lR OI TII/2'
lt'()RI,L).\'. ll'/ml tern .mnn' n_/'1/tr .\'//rti]'I't'
mum] 1-Iemt-ulx llml you lI,\t'1[]-U1 lite 1/1:/l
frrrnl /u.\"er,\!
l_\'/It'.\' uj
There were so many. it's almost itn|>ussi~
hle In tleseriln: thetn. The "twanging" las-
ers were used fur the Stunntruuper guns.
In sntne eases. there were pistul shuts mix-
etl in with animal sereatns speeded up. In
nther eases. I used electrical ares rntnhined
with dry ire squeaks and actual artillery
shells in ight. llear in mind that the laser
has an att;u"k." 'lhere's a beginning, a
middle, and an end, all rutnhinetl. The
suund dues nut exist. You ran't go uttl aml
Iind a ratlin tuwer tn get that eurnplete
suuntl, 'l'he tuwer eahle was used fur the
quit'l\ atta1l;." 'I'|te tnitldle and end ul the
snund elliert were entirely tlil'l'erent.
Ihr 1||m1.\/n-I-1I:'r.\'!
.-luv!
Must of that was the sound of jet planes
taxiing amuntl the runway. 4\ gn-at deal ul
it was lirrewav tralilie nuise reeunletl
thmugh pi||t._|ttst lots ul crazy stufli.
Iiitl _\'uu lmrr .m/r/ti.\'Iiruh~1I
equi/nltenl In it-1-rlr reillt?
Xuthing that <I|)ltlSIl\';tlt'tl, really. I had
several .\'agras. a emtple nf Tears, a sy|ttlu'-
sizvr. and digital delay units. I was ahle In
transfer quarter-irn'lt tape In mag track my
~
sell. \\'e had a Kern l'ni\'ersal eight-plare
editing llathetl, a very nire (it-nnan ma-
chine which I liked hetter than a tI\n\'lt'ul;t.
ll'u\' I/l1!I1I:/unrttl II..\l!
"
.\ttttally no. it was all dune at lnnne!
During the liirst year of prmluetiutt. they
were all in I~'.nglan\l and the ]>t'0]tlt' at IIt.\I
were in\'t-nting things. I wuuhl wurl; at
hnnte and spend a little time at lI..\I slt<mt~
ing emuputer readuuts fur the S|ll|l't'ltlp
tlashlmartls. \\'hen George eatne hark from
Iittrupe. we went tu San l"raneiset> where
all the editing was dune. We worked there
Iur six ur se\'e|t munths just putting the
piettire tugelller. adding sound efleels. try-
lltg nltl dillerent pieces nf rnusie. and stud-
t'ltlg the different \'ersi<ms ul the film. \\'e
eventually arrived at what we lllnttgltt was
more ur less tlte Iinal prmluet.
ll'Iml KtlIIl[l[ yuu t':ut.ri:Irr the mnxl |m~
uxnul axjn-rt nf /mm ST/IR ll'.~lkS tt'11.\/Ht!
lngttllntr?
I wnultl say it hail In tln with the ap-
proach to the pirture. that we startetl
working un the sound long lvefnre any film
was shut, which is never dune. Usually the
sound entries last, except maybe when you
an: dealing with animation. While the ed-
iturs were editing the variuus versitms of
the picture, I would rut and mix the reels
of music and sound efleets and speech.
, Then we'd sit down and watch the tempu-
l rary version and react to it as a enmplete
entity, which is never really done. Su we
were ahle to evaluate early euts of the pie-
ture editorially Iielure it was finished.
Dir! lienrgt I.tu"a.r gttirlr yntt, nr were
yuu lulally mt your mutt!
Iiverything that I would do, George
would come in and listen to. Then we
would discuss it and he'd approve or disap-
prove. So he would direct me. OI cnursc,
J _
I'd always have alternate suunds. Ilr would
respund to what I had and give nte his rear-
tiun In it. One example ul this was R_. Ile
was just snrl ul lianunered nut syllahle Ivy
syllahle. There were the usual tlilliettltirs
ul' heing consistent. making it suund like
the satne tharatter tmng t\lIl.tIt'tl stittt\tl\
George would listen and react and provide
guidanee.
- I)u_vu||hur'1 u "/at ~.. rtlt -"W u mlr // .-.1!
- * .
I have many. Sound rlleets in Holly-
wund tnuvies are usetl uver and uver again. E,
I'ni\'ersaI is using the saute tlt\t|nlei't'l;|p
they reeurded Iur I*R.\.\KIz.\'S'Il-lI.\i in U ll
I931! You ran hear the same l'a<'t~ punches
and dtmr slams in tuany nld nuwies. I ln\t' U
that rrazy kind of emttittttity. I have a fa\'~
nrite .\'tn't|nt. In fact. I used it in $'l'.\l{
\\'.\RS! It's in a lut ul' \\'arne|' llrns iimvies.
It's the srrealu used in 'IIII~'..\I! when the ..-I-h(__ _n_ prh_lh|_ ummd
guy is heing eaten lay ants. and it's used in _
a lut tat" westerns whenever a g\|\' gets an ar- 5l"|'Yl7mlr(l lm"l~I5' I hull lllrcv 35'
n>\\ in llte hark. I \t.\t'tl it fur the Siurm~ sistants helping me on sturylmartls,
""t"'T \\'l\" I-\|l>' I'll"
J1" -Il'\'>>-_ almnst three sets of tlu'ee-httndred-
H11 _\-nu >Ilm_|It yvlttr work Ill \|_m|:/ _1_/- n. lumrd (.l_|_S."
jeels Ix II1l[!t!!1lit 1;] 1| nrze Irrml tn u.\'1n_e -
nmrr rn'uI|'t'|'/_\'./
JHIIYHI
don't lznuw. Ilnliurtunau-l\' the tratli-
I ~l"'~' -l"l"'" I ""' "I ll l"' l"-"*1""
tiun tmwaulays is In get the film nttt tun Ilf' I-"'l'f'Y1'li:_ll1'| ~l_l'l\'-'_l' Sil--\R
_l'_
quiek getting the ear dunr slants and get- ll_"_r_'_ "I l'li'll- ll ll4""l '" l"1\"" '2'
mu U. |-Umslups in NW.-_\. m,_r um. 1| \t \\.|> llllt'tlI_ t ten tnmttl tu I.n>;\I1gk-
mm, rm, H, pm" sound I_Up|l, m n,u||t les. lle atlentled l'asadet|a City (Inllege antl
stup ;|m| mink t.'.l.Mi,|y_ H S hm," mm: t~nrullrd tn. sunie |nt1\_n~nt|al artt'lasses
llt-Inn
rrrurtling H for S" mm. yt.m.5- k_.ryhmh. iml lakes \\h|< h In-lprd \lt.t|tt his tare:-r.
it for gfanted. .-\hnust nul>utl\ gues nut re- lll"l' l "'l"l I" l"" "" """"irl'l'I l'l
S.;",(.|_ M Um.5 up wiih mm. hr. I suun tlt:||tgt'tl |n\' tnintl." Ile then spent a
euneepts fur an\' partirular picture. Unlv a ilmlllll "l limrl ll (llll"m'. Mllc.(l"ll-ll
few filtnmakersilike (ieurgv I ur \\ Stanlev "I l"i ll"'l "I Ill l"l"m"l llllslli" l""'
K"brk.k' Jud I.-mmis |.-"rd (;"mm|_|_ n._l|i7_l, grain. a hreetltng gruund Inf nian_y uhlltt
ll, impurrmu. nf mun inn. wry rm persunnel wltn wurlwd at II\tl\l\'lH.tl Iaght
'
sure that' they
i and \Ia vie,
fully S\l|)LI'\ll' it and
i
tnake '
'
Ive
~
twu sc'tem'e
.. .
In tmn Itlnis
. .
vet sutnethint uri rinal and dr.unatu'a \' e
ll -_ wurl\e<l un
-
. .. . ' .
lieetive in teriits nil snuntl. 'I'hat'_< wh\' their l""l"I"_ 5l'\R '\R5' lllllll Ill. ml.i.lI
a TtIlt.|l\t' ul the nrtgtnal
Piums jump mu M ML ' telt-\ismn_. (_)_ne>was
//utr itruulrl \'n!l _i't1n| u/I wmr ttmrk nu AK
was
Uli "ll" (lRll)~" Ind Ill
S'I'.\R \\'.\'I'(III, a ninety-minute .\lys-
Ill
_e']"_.|R ||'_.|R_ey
' '
ltwas all interesting and it was all tnltl- TY "I Ill ""l"._. l_" -\_ll(i- ll" ""_"'l\'
hall. wuultl sav that I was highl\' nmti\'at-
I ""'"ll"l"l ll"" l"5""~5 l"' (I-\l--I-l-l(i'\
rd U Mk nu prniwl mu. S-I-_\R \R5_ at II..\I under the st||>er\'isiun ul'_]ultn I)\'k~
heing a hi_g Iantasy Ian. It was an ineretlihle
atnount uI wurk and a Int of Iun. I I.\"I'I'iR\II'il\' BY [|\llI4 .\I.~\l\'I)IiI.I.
1.,.-,/../M1,," 1.-Mn.-t-.,;, /It. 1,.-.< utnzlwl ../ //I: n.-1'.11u,,./.-a.1.- Runmv.
.
,
U
L;

I-.'/1.-cl:il!||;1mmr]m-jnlnulun.
stra. .\lany of _]oe's storyboard drawings
have heen rontpiled into 'l'I|t- Slur llnrr
!n'lrI|lmuk. published by liallentine.
//,,. ,/[,1 W, E,-I r-,,,m,~.-;,,[
lll-IRS! l ments of tlte ships seemed to work for the
V
People knew from those two television
I \\'l\
produrtions worked on the lilm. lloli Shep
herd was head of the \\'.\R or TH]-'.
\\'URl.DS produrtion and he heeame the
produetion coordinator on S'l';\R \\'.-\RS.
Who! tear \-uur]i'r.r! lurk on the film?
When l first started on ST.-\R \\'.-\RS in
August 197.1. I began he storvhoartling the
P enlargement was ahuut 3()"x 41]" ant | |
mill" llllllc 5'~l"'~"l"l "5l"R llll- l5"'\"\ limb
age that George Lucas had compiled from
World Warlltlugligllts.
ll/"U """'_" ~"'" "/-l"~""_/51"-_:'
=\ ll "l ll \\'115 (mm ll=\l TU; 0| l5Rl-
il'-'\lN- 5""\ "l ll $15 lml" llRlDGl'15 -'\'l'
'l'UK(v)v~Rl. 'l'(_)R:\l TOR-'\l TURIV. _ll_-ill
l'll-01. U33 5QU-\DR0N- "ml 5"""~' ll ll
'35 Quill '~'lml'il l""l1l.ll- Quin -1 llll "l
l""\1'.!" 5-"1" lml"
l;RS~
ll" m"l" l)-\<\l
I/lt l'l"l'k '1'"! l"'"l" 1".k"
"M )'"" Ill.V
'
/lllillll ""'1]l5l -k*'l"'l ""5" 5""
'1' i"l'!d {Yul l)' _'i"'5lll".\l ll- l '_""5l
have watched tt ten ttmes on a movteola
lnsl I gcl 1" idea "I ll: 3"l"n' Tlw" l
would take it shot by shut and try to in-
l'~l'l"'\'l lhl m\>\1I"l\l5 ul (hf Jill! /-CF05
and .\lustangs tnto .\l-wings and T.l.l'l.
lighters. lhat was kind of fun.
lfhal rlitl you do m.\'t?
\l
. ..tr the matn
.* hattle sequentes
storylmarded l started re-designing the
.
.
spaceships. (Iolin (Iantwell did some proto-
type spaceships. lle huilt them at home. ln
laet, they're pirtured in that photograph of
me in .'l1m'riz'nn (.'im'utalugrupher [pp 703]
where I'm acting out a dogfight mo\'e with
the ships in my hands. They were nice. hut
they were a little too sleek. kind of l\';\S.'\-
like. So we kind of romautiei1.ed thetn. .-\ll
the ships were eventually re-designed and
some new ones were added when seript
ehanges oerurred. l did most of the model
painting and the forced perspeetive paint-
ings, all kinds of odds and ends.
I)|'rl you hui11lan_\- uflhr arlual ntu:IelxI/
l did a lut of model building, hut it real-
ly wasn't the heavy construction stuff. l
78
just kind of added parts to a lot of them tailed draltings
lietween design work and storylioard stuff. Iiivl you 4/o any reurlr on 1'.\'_lIln,\ion.\.'
'l'he majority of the people in the model Yes. l did. \\'e started off testing with
shop were detailers and :t$ett1l>lt'rs of ships acetylene gas and plastie models of the
that had In-en rast. 'l'he three lighters the Boeing 747 to see il that would work. \\'e
x'\\'l".\!- llll Y'\\'l"!l~ l"\ll ll\l' 'l'~l-l'l- Slllll finally ended up using just your standard
were all made up of parts that were east in squili. a mixture of gasoline and |I'|Ull\lYJllS
lnain. So it was just a matter ol assemliling and \-ertnieulite. lt gave a pretty good seale
theni. (irant and a couple of other niarhin- X|)l()it)t\_ S()|'|\g i,|' [ht-m \\;~n- glut; M
ists did tlte heavy construction work. lay- ll..\l. hut most of it was actually done utt a
ing the foundations of the ships. soundstage out in llollywood. We rented a
Ilntu mm|_\' .\t:'m'.\' teulllrl _\-on ray at-rrr stage and hung up a lvlue screen and spent
slorylmrirr/1-1/? a few days down there shooting explosions.
.\ll in all, there were proliahly one thou? lt'|'n- Ihrrr any mlrllmll lliingr 1/mt _\-nu
sand storyboard drawings that were done. ltml In llo?
.-\t one time, l had three assistants helping l did most ol tlte work on the star lield.
me on stnryl>oartls_ almost three sets of That was a tnatter of taking a sharp ohjeet
350 hoard srenes. We kept redoing them. and punrhing holes in a painted piece of
changing sltots and adding shots. l ended plexiglass. lt had to lll' redone a few times
up redrawing all the hoards that ltad lteen to get a natural-looking star elfeet.
done! 'l'he storyboard wook took well over Did you do any of!/n~ mullr ]miu1ing.r?
a year altogether, on and oil. l worked on one. l don't l>;no\\' ii it was
ll'n.\ |'I en.r\~ In _\Iur_\'Im||rIl [in- 1lugj'igIil.\'j/ ever used or not. It was one of the Pirate
In |'.r\t-nn-, \-on /lirlltut-1-flIairlouz for \'nIl Ship in the Death Star tlH<l<l!\! l*1lY~ l llllllk
i'ism1l!_\'. I ' leter lillenshaw _]r. came in later and paint-
1-||_'5 hm. ii __"..| Um. hm Gcmgl. ed over it! Ralph t\leQ\|arrie did all of the
[M1-J5 (1.-p;,n.| [mm that r-.,mt,;n f.,.,;;,g,_- planets. They all lilended together so well.
alter a while. lle be_i;an to make up shots of you really ro\||dn'l dislimtnish lwt\\'evi\ lil-
his own. What finally got on tlte screen was lenshaw's and .\leQuarrie's work. .-\n<l they
about hall ol that original lilaek and white were Illl!lI' so well. you couldn't tell that
lootage. l|n glad lte did that. l think the they were matte paintings, anyway.
elfeet he aeltievetl lay changing a lot oi the Ilnze zuuulrl you mm up your it'll!/i mt
H-[111 _\"l'_-|R shots was much nieer. .\ lot of the mo\'e- Ihejilm?
lll \'5$'~Il'~'C. \\'|11Il l tlitl 011 $'l':\l{ i-'\R5
World War ll planes hut didn't work too "1t'll Willl l-\ll'1l5 llllll l7)'l1lri\1lI\<l lllkv
well for our spaeeeralt. e\'eryone's llt.Sl ideas and put them down
Ilntu .1/.1 _\'nu _q.. uImu1:lnin_g'!Itl' pm-.~.1 "H t>1\v1'r- I v-"\i<!rd m>'=vll1\"iI\l<'rt>H'l-
pvrx]n'rt|'z~r' puiling for the /mrizmi of Hie "T "ll '-l'TY""l">' 'd<'i\5v l_"'~'l\ll"g '3' "W"-
l)t(|l/I .\'!nrlrrne/11/ .-\ lot ol_"p"Pl_ 1'5k_mc ll l W35 til "\~"Y '
We shot the model of the trench with a ll ll": 5l"\R -R5 5lC'~'5l|l5' ""l l Will
~<lx;') |;;u1\|;|';; and hm} 1),; ],|,n up_ '|]- ly wasn't. liveryone else's imagination was
kind of funneled through mine and Ralph
painted over it. l actually ended up paint- ~\l*'Q"5\"l\"$- ll." J."-l Pl P'~'""ll <1 P3P"l'
ing out most of the photograph. autl drew tlte ideas that a lot olpeople gave
The treneh model itself changed aliout us ll "5 |"l'~'Y'~5""Fl ml 1' l"l ll ll-la
hall-way through. lt was originally wide
and sltallow. \\'l|en Lucas saw it alter we
had gotten a huneh ol shots of it. he deeid- U
etl that he wanted it narrow and deep. So
we changed the model. which meant (hang
z I 7..
ing all the paintings! So there were three H
\
llllsllh sets of paintings at four dillerent heights.
twelve paintings in all. They were done <n- l , W 5. '
.
er a period ol about three months. They
would take ahout two or three days to _,;; .
-'
I V
paint. That work started in September of ' Q .
'5
2
1976 and cm un lhmugh Cinismms . * .
ll/ta! teut1lrI_\'ou tlIl|XllIl7 your Y7l1|.\[ 1/[13 4 7
11'.-1,111,-k 1)|1_'1_-IR ||_-|R\?
. 1
.-\etually, l would have to say tt was the I I I '
storyboards. The most interesting stuff,
however, was the design work. Because of
. Q. _.,,\
_
were
. _
all the changes in concept and the redraw-
mg of the same shot over and over .again,
-
the storyboards just got to lie kind of a
>
.(\ "
4 / .
hassle. l should mention that we only did U WI;
the elleets storyboards out here. .-\ll the K: ~.
live aetion storyboards were done in l-.ng- , t
V
land. \
Ilnw zlizl you euurrlinate \-um rlrngris
teillt the work of lite mmlel Imiltlen?
The way it usually worked, l would do
the sketrhes. get them okayed hy George
~'
4
J
Lucas and _]oltn Dykstra, take them into
the model shop and talk to Grant .\leCune
or someone else who was assigned to that
partieular model about how it was going to
ll
l
he huilt. .\lany of the models were huilt di-
rectly from sketehesmost oi the guys in a
the model shop had enough on the hall to
gure thin s out without the need for de-
3
ti
:/1)
-
l M
-ed
..
.
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1
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I
3,.
 ll\tt'IpilIt\llllg and tliey_eiiiliodietl what he (}nrg had \1-ry gpqcif id;-;|5I thg
was llllt'tt'Ilt'lIIll1 putting across on the |)m.t|I va(|. C|IuI.uctI_.r for inm"u._
sereeii. I think it gave him a t'liani"t' to <le- (- II,
'u"II"I( l>" I um J? 5mu I
, 4|
. ' I I | - . . . .
velop his ideas at his leisure. so to speak,
rather than working in the heat of prothir an illrllglll B-1Im1'I1l Will 3| ll" of
tiuti where 'tl\l'\t _i;<-i a lot of people in- wrappiiig aiitl black bands and folds
\ol\'ed and inoney's being spent at great kind of l|[(_-|-ing_ llc said 1);-1|;
rates. 'l'lieii lie wt>iiIil\'e hail to struigigle vadI.I. will he c0mig_i" kc H.
with production ilesiqiiers and all kinds of I k- I I- k I I -

lulu ' 4m(I_I0 ltd l U Hg nu

_-

crtiftsineii. I don't think that he iit-cessarily

felt he hatl to eiigzige an ex ltIISl\'L )ftItl\lt~ l|lIl'55c- -

tion ilesigiier at this prt-liiiiiittiry siaee l>e- Gkalph LQun'

cause he had his own ideas. George roiilil
protliict. .\layhe not like
_

|IIII.I. dm." |i.rII||I.!

I.\.,_.I.I.l|IinI_I |IImsI.|[_ a real polislietl
lle draws quite well. lalioriously and a little
IIII I.I,IIdI_|I,I III" he I_IIII III,II,I
lull hm -T dl I Tl ml W lkml m
polisli our props as iniich as tlivy did IIQ.
I.m'us gm'i'\'11ti tl ]1'n' lYYll|_tI'4'.\, /rum ttI!!l Inll T .wUL' mu-li ll, In. J nary Isl-
it lmnkx um! lJl'lt'T .miirt'i'.t iiml \'IHl lnnli mli lllullrc and "llJ""'l$ Hull gm"?
to lie on screen as loiig, or iisetl through-
"II, IIIIHJ-IIIIII IIIII_:, '

NIII IIxIII_IIIA_ GCIIIIIII IIIIII IIIV sIII_I_II-II_ gut the whole picture as they were in
ideas. the Darth \'atler clitiracter for in- Um . . . I
\I staitee. Georttc tlescrilietl him as soineoiie I_III:III'IIf'III';""'.\' /"""".- 1/"! ,\"'" "11""! .\'
r r: ' ' ; '; - . '
Y1; =\" "
1

\ 13.1".iIZi'ill.~t'i'.Z ..'..i' i'..'i.i'. L-kill '.'.'i ' 1"-9* "W" ="">"' 2'
I-IIIIICIIIIIII "II SIIIIII ..nIII,I|I YIIIIIIII WI" IIII them \\ere ilone hefore the film was even
t

l l e
I coming-in like the wind, kind of sneaky. l I
Slllrln ' . n MIwas I l
TI inn S. do M l irod\ic- Kl
I YCI IIIII IIIIII IIIIIm:sSII_CI.. llt>lIILlt'lt{I\l'Y liiretl. [he ilay _]olin liar:
'I'/irii I.iim.t nrnrkml t'ln.\'1'l_\' witli you in fl "."I ll _\' ll": ll") .l (ml lwl "ll ll
cn'ati'ng the i'nt'irurmi1'nt IIHII 1Ii>.vigrii'iig P".1"$ llml
paintings
wl. 'rkml'i ml klcslluu ml
for the film. I then started work-
I IIIIIII II_lII,IIII1I_ IIIIIIIM IIIIIAI?
YI_S_ |II [ht I.IIIIIsI_ III IIIII, I.IIIII.I_I,sIIIIIIIIs lllgIt')tl the inatte |IllIl\llI|t.{S and on other
Ralph .\lt'QIut77'lt. ahoiit the plot we caiiie up with some i|i- lm'lls' I II
I'" l'
.

teresting prolileins. One of the first artioiis D -\"' -/""1 ""1 l' 'I "_"''
Callvd for in the early script was limpire
trrriplivl tu t'tl[)l|l7t' _\-niir l'l.\lll /lwsigiis on
grassy planet surface, and aliens in space .. II
5\|ii_ '1hg- lm didn; gt-i (lulu-_ ]\'u [hay troopers burning through the outer shell of /'l'";
are working on other projects. Aiiyway, the spacecraft that Luke and 3I(l were in. U-ll .d.l the mm ml" ('v'm!C Ilk-
llal and Matthew introdticetl ine to George and then we realizetl that the air would es ""l' NW5" p'""-gs "-"5 '5"IllI"l- "Ur Ul-
cape. The people iii the passagewtiy would lorts to qt! I down on paper \\li.it George I
Lucas. ahout two years hefore he actually ,I I I
"'l' 5" UM "4 f"" " l ll ll
-

approarheil me to work on S'l'.'\R WARS. have to he eqipped with some sort of

spacesuit. That's why those masks were in- he needed them ' \ii\'tlii|iq that was done
George nieniioiietl at the time we first met
"l" "'
4 -

that he wanted to look at some of my stalled. In the discussions we thought we l"'"' l'l' -l" -l"l"I5lf'" 5 t

slides. lle said he was interested in doing a coultl use hreatli inasks." George coined in teriiis of our |)l'I.llllIlll;lt\'. t-florts -

science fiction liliii he didn't call it S'I.\R the phrase and he said they might lie kind H "I "","""'hI". ' -"M" wrk Hm,
\\'.~\RS at that timewith a kind of comic of ornate. ' I didn't know how ornate, or tl|lIlIQt' tnuk plmv in the t'lll|71I(ll'7't' Illt'III-
""'l
'

l'/l"-
- _

hook suliject matter. \\'hen he got ready to what the nature of ornateness would he in 5,'/"1 _-9""'1 ":'"l11" '-
do the filni he came and talked to me. this universe, so I gave them a technical Imir initial tlYtIlllIlQY zurre ilvtk, ulmust
_ _

wliich was a liig surprise heeause he liatl look with tubing coming forward that 1/f""""'"' 1'2", rmm-E !'"l mm Hm"
tlone .-\.\IllRlC.-\.\' GR.4\FFI'Il in the meaIi- might support the way they are put togeth- I"'l'lI-*"""''l'' l'"""~-
I lm not
so fond of the lines' thev ttave
time, which was very successful. Naturally er and tlte way the air comes down through I I <_ -

I agreed to do what he wanted. them, with vents, etc. \_d"'I 5 helm ml I? m""k' lhml ll
What kind ofasti'qmrurit iliil \'nii get" .-Ire vmi ri'_/1'rring tn Darth l':i1li'r't mask I'll m"r'' lo cnlli""~ l\I|5 KTL'1\\IslLIe andI to
George wanted me to do what I-did for Illlll LII-lH"S snorkel tltlll'l' in llllt nfyoiir IWICP Illls l]'~'~l
than II.i jlllllg down look
Fl? I" l'l_'c'
that I gave him.
"'
llal. just support his script with \'isuals. prclirriiiiary pairitirigs? ,

Exactly. ll IE, y Irl_s_l"''I"I "ILI" 5"'"5'*" . I

George felt that it was the kind of script
that people weren't very impressed with. I-uukiltgat the artwork in the n[f|'i"1's of Il "Ill 1'1", M I
Ihe idea seemed kind of funky. Ilc en\'i~ I/ii Star liars Lorporaliuii, it st't'ms llltll "",'fl_'"_
sinned the picture as a real visual cxperi- you prntvirleil nut unl\' fullv rt'mlt'rt'1l
Ihats
II right.
I~ILI
and
.d that
II I is what Genrgc
.usI like IIIC
ence. much more so than a story. It wasn't paintirigs but also ninricrmis .rIii'lrIit-s mitl W? 3 Cr . Sm I . H J

true science fiction. George called it a sci- tIt'si'giis. \""TR0p0lls .mh"l ll wuuld be Okay
But I wanted it to look male .not clum-
ence fantasy. and even the fantasy aspect

George would give me aspecific project
' sy, and not a liig robot clonipinq around
was non-traditional. Ile had a lot of ideas. He would have been happy to let me go ,. . _~ '
Ile liatl comic hook pages and nther source ahead and do something on everything in l.lh_ 3P0 I lld " lul of skkuhcs "ml l
the picture, and I almost did. Although my
thinkI. I made him quite elegant
II, II. IQ I . TI
material lie wanted me to see. Once I gut
I'll;
.

to work he liked what l was doing and he
would come by every once in a while ' to
check up on the work. My ideas seemed to
be in line with his. George was very specific
about most nl the work.
Ilaw many paintings did you rlo iiiilially
for Gt'ur_qc?
I think we had something like four
when we first went in with paintings to
I-ox. We used the two robots coming across
the desert, the light sabre duel, the Stunn
Troopers in the hall with drawn light sabres
and the attack on the Death Star.
What function does a prepruductiori
painting serz1e_? Does it glue Ih1f|:ll"lkl.'Y
'1 vim" of hr! <'"I1P 1" 4"" I! "WW1?
szrue to sell his idea to a studia?
I think it did both for George. lle liked
renderings were not always used. Most ul UH. .0. H U m"y' H U
the art I drew was used in some lomi liow-
one painting
I I~_ IL,Ii ll luuki
in ltllllt I) _:
Y!Illltf :lifft'r~
ever. john Barry [the English production ',''
"ll AtI M"the time I did the I '
painting George
designer] picked up things that l had in my
paintings and used them with a great deal
of flair and amplificati0nhis ultimate Tap: TM, II,bI,l _IPIIIII,pII,l II" II,/-IIIUUI IIIIIIIII "/-
Death Slur architecture. and 50 lvrllh " iv-m, with .ti't't'ral i'-wig/igiiii-1.it-mmblra and
did a lovely job of staging this stuff. "ay /,,, ;,',,,,_ 1;,.- ;,|m..-1 )';1|;{||l|;gm5ly_g4'i'||
There is a great deal of architectural or Ralph McQiiarri't~'.i pri--pmductiori painting, one
structural desi'gn in your paintings. u/twt~nijt--ta-v in- i'xt'cu!i'|1 for STAR WARS. arid
I wanted to make thcsc paintings as l'r1'_vrIl)f m_rv iwlpublistirdiii The Star Wars Port-
CIOSC to what would he on the screen as f"l' "1 '"-I '""_"f by 5"""'"' B"?l"- B""'"
possible. That was a product of, or a result g:/I" .\:I"_2"?,'I';" "'I3'.dfI';:fI'I "1 "".'ff '_ If
of our wish to make the people at Fox feel "Ham
U/lgofHIa space
sketch
i character
pirate,I with U")
ralmmi Idetail.
that we had picture that was going_to
a_ Bouam RI-II,;I,_. M(QImm~I.-I Imrm-M; m,m.P,f,,,
hi" H quality lmagr. one that Wrisrr K swirls Chrwbacca called [Dr clothes and I1 /rm? lemur-
10 be trashy scicncr ction. because it did tit appearance. l\IcQuarrit' also 1'xt'cI4lL'd matte
have a comic book script. It was going to paintings /nr STAR WARS.
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11- Il11w-1\.I1:\-1.11111-1.11111-1111111111111: 1111-mini-1 1~1~li1-11l11~.11-i11 -1111i-_-111 111i11i.11111~1-1. i1 -'1l11- 1111111111-1 1211111."

83
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nl lhv u||\.\lr\n'linIl oi all lhu
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av'\ I);|\in| Bv;|<l:-3' wnrking on .1
mull u-rwiun nl lhc Rrlu-I
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lvl \\'.\~ u\ul\inul nun nl solid
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0 time later. because we were that cnthusias-
I harl to redo the Rebel Blockade
.we -~-ii .. gm. .=-~----I in M 3. ';:~':.,'::.:.':.:"1::-:. ::..::::
ll? opening shot' Hm, originally was
gulllg l-0 be H3" Sol 5_5lllP- The Tu
mm l l1illfl W35 lhill ll l00li(l 100
much like SPACI-Q1999, and 50 they
scralched in we ended up making it
t.
on a larger scale
Dave Jones is a model maker with a ta-
lull l"l' -llllllg ll'"~' llll-Tll ll) I! I1'liI\iI\ll1Y<-
ll ll ll
"ll"Y l'lll"lll5 ill lcCllPl'~"l
5i"l'~ll5 ll""'lll"P ill llllll'llll Llllll llllll
ll-lgll ll "5 llulll lll l9'l7 ml illltllllcll
Clllllnlllla Slfllc Cllllullc ll ll'lll lll"ll-
$'~l"l'"l= lllll J llucllcllll ll -'l'l ll"'?l'*"*'
tn Industrial l)esign. Tltat' rt-'1\llY l"' l
E4" l""l"*7tl "1 5l=\R 1\R5- .l"ll" l)'l"
5"-1- llll SlPl_"T"l- .ll J"l"\5l""- .l=""'~
5ll""'l ml q""'~' l'' "ll"-T5 lull .!""1
11
lllmulill ill l\'~15l P-1" Ul ll" l"'~l5l"-ll ll'~"
5l_E Pl"'7ill"- '~'ll lllullll '""5l "l lllvm
llll":l .\{""l\'1"'~_ fmlll ll"~"-ll ll i!~ !-"l
lmlnlng ll" illllsls lll"7 l)-'L'- uliilfl ll ll?
llllnli illlll Yll" llil"'~' ll ll" lllmllgll "5 li" 35
design education goes is to be able to make
Y9"? '" l""l"lYl"~'5- l '35 illll'~' 1" ll" ml"
deli _l'illllY "3" ml l m"ll"l 3 l""l'llm'~' .lll_ll
lll llllllllcc my illy lllllllll-all 5cll"lll' A5 ll
l\l"\l}l 0111- l '35 01" "l. ll? fmll l)F<{lllf:
l"l'klllli lll ll\l lll lllrl'lllll" ll_ll*:l'
l'\lg"'l'l)fl_ll'lllll"'lllll1 llls |:"f"ll__ lll Sgjlll
-IR td E: lint l<Yl:;'] -l\l1 \'ll";'i]i};:;
"3 3" "5 Pl? ("'3 9 *' l U *7
CLOSE l';'\lC0UNlll';llS Ol: Tllli TlllRD
Klxl-l 'llll sllcll lllllcll lllll'*'lllllll"*'l's ls
. . .
?i;;:n;l|l::)'l]l';.l:ll;:;l
.
slillulitlilli _T.l'Tllllli Slllcll-ll millml
Dl-_\,l.\.' ll
ll ulsloll S loll ll l ll l Rn
""w ""1
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#1" >'""'1~"
.
H "-~"1'
. l uyllzlflul ll:"l)_llcl)ll':nli.llilm ill lllll
mt mail lip? rknfu. n]';)_rf vl";ll"r1l:l.;'.
51.3" Ur ml Hen ll ml I. ' J
hcli l llmdumcll l Sl1lr.l.l.lll"rkl"-li ills"
lllll'llllll'j lglmss l llls lll 5l"\R AR5 l"l
alllal; llvrl"l"'ll lnlilllllill. 1. !.k _7 . chip in a calculator. lf we wanted to "save"
ml UH 'l'. ml
m-l*..'m" ".1" '
. \_m1lly luriung H" sr"\R "\.R was
klml of 1 -lmlllli .l"l)' ll was gram hm was
sll llmll llllullll ll lvilsllllllll lll1.lls llmlllllc
.
llrltllgl \l\,lllll|l'l1i';{l:l,:1_;,m::li:p:l|fl
"
ll" lllll llll lllll lllllll ("ll ll ill
-
lllll"'l5
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dont think it was anymore expensive than
3 lol Ur ulllcr mmi"l$' rhc llmwsl lllml!
l ll\iTllR\'lE\\' BY PAUL l\lANl)lil.l,
about the whole place was that everybotly
was really itwolved. Evervbotlv knew as
much about the lt'Illlft movie as they
could. That knowledge wasn't stifled. Since
then, I've found that on a lot of movie sets.
they don't really want you to know any
more than you have to. ()n STAR \\'.\RS,
we had the opportunity to see all of our
dailies every day. lt was a pretty close-knit
thing, atttl they really didn't mind if we
took the fifteen minutes to go watch
dailies. They knew we would put in the
tic about our work.
lfltal u~1t.\' vour main ]'tmclt'un in the nto-
'l"l "WP
\s far as the models went, e\'er bod
lllll 3 lllll'~' ll '~"i"r) llllllll vl ll'~"5 lllclc *1"
l'~'" ll l"~l "_l "5 Yl<l".\! l"_lllcl'C- Grill
~\l*'](]:""1' C"_"l|l"ill'-ll '-';~'YYlllllli- ll'~' \l\i15
- -_
"5 '"~l'!tl- Til
Ev! 1" '"l'k ml If "1 ll
hi"? _q"5|ll"\5- \~'B'll Rik l1l"\- ll" \\-15"!
ll"? l"l'"l 0f K"Y ll-11 fcll ll! l-ll K" 5\Il"ll
(':lY_\l ;1"ll"'"ll"4'Y\(l;_lll~ lle l'\'11lllY
g)('t(1de:;1il:'::l |r'ens|)iti':;|.-"sf i<':(tnt;.<|:;ramtS1tt
.4
"f
ll l'91lllY millicsll ll"- 5<llll ll "\l"l1ll\"~
lt's the small stuff that vou nti ht not out-
right realize ii OH lllff Ship. lfut subcon-
seiouslv \'ou are seeing that there is this de-
tail there. I think it rt-aI|\' does make it
more believable. l spent a good portion of
the time working on the Corellian Cruiser.
\\e called it the Star Destroyer when we
worked on it. lt was the delta-sltapedcruis-
er that the llntpire had. The model was
about three feet long. l)a\'e Beasley and I
spent about a lnontlt just doing the fine de-
tailing on the lmllwn of the thing so that
the camera could pass underneath it for the
opening shot attd the lettering could be
picked up as large as it was. We were really
happy about that. When we saw it at the
preview, everyone was clapping. It's inlv:r-
|ing_ at mm puim tq -n- giug m l,,,,'[,[
the bottom of that ship. lt would've been
lmlll fI"l_\' fl'l'/ l"Yl,. lld llIl' l1lI1\'~l'il
'0'-llll ll-"'55 ""l'~'l' ll ll!-1'-Mlle '~ll1"'l "f ll\l5
really large object. lint when they ran the
i\'_5l5 "ll lllc "1l"l5\l\"_'- llllll ll1|\l' 1\"ll l ll?"
lilllfflt ll l_\1l'"<l fl"! f"\II-
lterrnl you triivllwri Ill II11'11r!tmIjI!nt-
in o !Itt.t!nr.thi1.rI/
gY{s, l was. lit addition to detailing the
models, l worked as an assistant with Ken
Ralston under Dennis .\lttren on the opera-
' |-n~..
iiltiiiltfllieltllie
~. -. = -1.0
ptitltliliftz
;""|
the physical information in, but he would
I-I-K~
llflit-ii it'';-7L"ii.li|'Iirlili'l.I-Hi lilll
inforntiationi into the tnemury. \\'ltile we
were programming. so that the l)ykstral'lex
had a quick aeeess to the ntL'tnor\' svstem,
the infonnation could also he broitzrzt-Itttvtetl
hm, |-;,m],m ;,(-~55 m,_-|m,|-\<" lit; |]-
-_\
'.' the program, we'd pla\' it onto a tape eas-
ette. Some of the time we'd have to match
movesthe two elentents might not be shot
on the same day or even the saute month!
So wed have the progratn for the shot in
st ; ' nt: .Bvt; 'n th- mtu,th'
itiiiittlse olfntliis |)i'tii_'rti;iittl\\t)\tl:l
be cotwertetl into a tt|;tgtttti('lllt1p\ll5t' for
smmgc on "R, ph.|mL.|;; H. ,,,m:m.|; gm.
P\ll$l \\'<I\ll<l bl l'\"'l>l\\"~fl'~ll ltllfk I" II"
'~'l"'~"""lf llPlll5'~'- illllill l'l'"'\\"~'l'5l""
would t'm'rgi:t' the tnotors and the move
would be repeated exactly as before. It
may sountl tt)l"l1pltl2llL(l, but once you've
sat down and figured it all ottt. tt tnakes
sense.
\\'e used a sitnilar system on (Il.()Sl". F.I\'-
(I()UN'll-IRS OF 'l'lll'l 'l'lllRl) Kl.\'l). lt
was built by some of the people who work-
etl on the l)ykstral'lex for ST.-\R \\'.'\RS. ln
fact. it was actually an older system. We
had to use motion control equipntt-m. I
guess tltat is Hie way to go if you're going
to tlo a lot of complex multipass moves. ln
sotne instances, there would l>e!Itir1_\' min-
ule t'xpo.rtm's on smue shots. There wottld
he 5 mm. pass it ."u|(| mm. atmm mgr.
tv minutes per frame by the time you add-
ed [hem tn!
"9 ll /ml IIltY Hill!/4'ls Ilirl you zunrk nu?
ln Anti-rt'eu!t Cintn|n1ugm/1l1t*r [pp 702]
there's a shot of sonieont-s handholdinga
cannon ant a o o o tors u ta tun
show up in the film very well. Originally.
they were going to have it move. They put
fiber optics in it which would act as a point
light source wltett the laser beants were ro-
|i~t:lttt.ult was all Plcxtglass and aluminum
- - - t _~ ~ e.
I worked on the detail on Darth \'atler's
sh , l it ft ~t, 1 . I th sh' s. . n l h '1 - <
etlllptifuttltgtitltei stiiite1lif tlie nililds1. l(\\'tirl,t-
ed on a lot of the X-wings and did all of
the detailing on the Y-wings. We all kind of
pitehetl in where sotnebodv was needed.
lh: vuu rt-mt'mIu'r [hr lirxl full \'ou /lirl
u!lL.\f? i '
l artuallv started-ottt working on the
Death Star.'\\'e did that in a few different
seales. The round globe was a clear plexi-
glass sphere about three and a half feet
across. l believe Ralph .\lt'Quarrie did the
initial painting on ltalf of the sphere to
tnake it look like a metal globe with differ-
ent textures and trenches on it. Then they
wanted it to appear as though there was
light on the surface of the globe, small
sm".u.s of |iQm' 5 Rah) ."|d L.mu.h
through the paint and pttt a liatterv of
lights itt back of it. l put so many holes in
that thing! l also had to extend the paint
jut, ;m,ulm| ||- sittl-5 5;, \||;- [)L-;|t]| 5;;
could rotate further during a given shot.
l)o you know the big dish that focusetl
[hc 1)-Mt guys cm.rm- n.~; ()r;gi|mlIy
that lislt \as I in t l situat'l ritht n ~
the viiualulr 'lilil-reils linelsltot itiiilntt-ririin
('inumutoqrup/trr [pp 71"] that shows "t
picture of it and the lights that were going
-
hifttinglloliif-hltifltiinbll l>l-tlitttsti
-4;.|-tn)
- 1'-I--;.
couldn't build it that way. So that dish was
11-
ii-TI-l?r.3"QIIt.i Ill I-'.'1t-I-.'|7.a.~"-i'\?
Nxltl negatii'e aiitl projecf ii ontti large
painting that Ralph .\leQuarrie had origin-
allv done of the Death Star. but it was flat.
The\ decided that tht'\' wantt'll llll llliml
to lie able to rotate. wltieh would give it
"1"" <l\l"_ll- lllllilllli \\'l"~'" ll"Y l\"'ll*'ll ll
l\1""~ "5 llllllll ll"' ""7ll*l~
I" -'\l"l'll1l"\ (llll'~'lll1|l"!-{Till-'l'l' ll -"ll"'"
ll l"H'lli1 X/Ivl //1]) 7-11] "VI 1/II "I'll//I 511"-
The cnplfvm rem! "Ill-' hm"/tlil fmrli/H1 tens
I'I
filmwl mt u .n'puru1|' /mitt In ,!lIfll1|t|' [Is
'. I-'
if/ltflkllllil:lI;If';f{l,I:f'I
'Il'.-
/lg I
.
um!
-
(iuess wh-itlllt w'tsn't We shot the
Dcnh en, mag, l;,s C did _pur.m.
passes on the rticket engines ofthe X-(vings
and all those, but on something as tin\' as
ltmw light 5,un~\-5 on ltw 1);-;|||, _51;",m,
1
way! it I1111 1-1111 111-\1-r 501- i1 i11 1I11'11111\'i1~. I1 I1:11l
I)i1I _\-1111 xuvrk 1111 miy 11_/' !l11~ 1-.\'p!11_1'i1111 Il.1yI1111' |1i1111|1s i11 il .1111l 1111' 11'h11l1' I1il 111
xvlilpx? 1.1I1:I S11 1\-hiI1- I was 11-11rki111; 1111 tl1.11.
I 11'111'kcd 1111 5111111-. 1\ I111 111 1l1:1l \\'.1s (Z1-11rgc \\"1111I1I 1"111111' I11" .1111I l.1k1- .1 111111; .11
1111111: 11u1 i11 II11: lI..\I pnrkiiu; I111. 'I'h1' $1111 i1 111111 11-1-1l |.1lk .1|11111l lI11~ 1'1-1.-Ii11g.\' h1- l1.1d
was used as 1111' kvy Ii_1:l1l.'Il11"yl1;11l;1l11'1"k 1111 il. Il1~ \\';1s kind 111' .111 1'.1sy-14111111; 14113.
01:1 time p11si|i1111i11_1g tI11: 51111. II jusl 1Ii1I11'l (11111 11111111 11'l11-11 I)1-1111i> ;1111l K1-11 111111

w:1|1| I11 I111I1l still! (;c111-1;1- ;111d I \\'1-r1- s|.1111I1111; 1I11'r1- .1111I |.1lk-
lI11.1'11'! II11~r1' 11 /1r11I1I1-111 111 1111111-I11'11'1_' 1'.\" i111; ;1I11111l 11 sI1111 \\'1- 111-11 14111111; 111 d11 11-1*

pI11.1i1111. f1'I1111-1/ in .1'1111I1'gI1I 21111/1 lI111.1"1~ I/1111 I1.11l 1h1' $1111-y|111.1r1Is i11 1>11r h.111ds .,\'111111- :1 Cl
14-pp,-filym-1I11111111-? 11111111; 14111" 1'.11111' \\'.1Il1i111; in, I .111]11'11.11l111I

']l1;|| 1111,; nf 1111- 1111-1;,-1 ;|;I\';|||;1(q nf him :1111l .1sk1~1I I1i111 il' I 1'1111I1I I11-I11 hi111 111'-
1h;1l 1i1111'. 11'.1s 1'\'1'11 IilllL' C,
u5i11_1; hhic srn-1'11. 'I'I1v 1li11'cr1'111 1~I1'1111-mg 1';111s1' .1| 1l11~r1- .1

(.111 I1c 1:11l11r-1:11rr1:1"lc1I. \\'I11:r1-11$ if \'1111 1111 l\'l'\\' '1" /1" >'*'|~ II l\"|"'ll ""| I" l"'
<'\'cr\'lI1i111; I11-lil 1;1k1'11r if \1111 I1;1\'1.~ 111 l'~'\'l'" 5I"1'll'\'|'1ll I \l"\'-"5 l"' -""1 (il"YL"
1111 11'\'1:r\'lI1i1111 1111 1111' 11ri_11i11:1I l11'1:;1li\'1.-_ i1 zirc l;1irl1 q11111l l'1'i1-111I>. II1' i11s1 i1111'111I111"1-1l

has 111 I11 1111: pr11|1cr 1*11l11r 111 l1v_1gi11 11-ilh. him .15 S11-1'1-," .111di1 \\.1s 111111 I.1l1"r 111111 I
'I'I11:r"s 1111 11';1\' 111 1"11rr1:1"1 f11r lhc 1IiI'11'l'- 11111111111111 11-1111 h1' \\'.1s. _]111- \'isk111"iI I11-g:111 11'11rkin_1; |1n111'ss11111-
Cmt111IigI1lIl\g. I111! ;1'11rI.' 1111 1111- 1\I111/11-r.1I11'/1 /'11r my in 11- ,1-(iA,| L-|'(.-111,, [31-111 ,,|, 1-'|_11_||
l1<r1' \'1111 1111 [I11 .1I11111If11r 1I111.n' 11111 (_'l41)_\/-_
_\'1111
[_"\'(_'1)1_\'!-I.-/\1_\~ U; /-I; I-"H", (;()Rn0_\ in OIL -I-hr. Tn. |m,kim_ [1 1r
'i'""' "~"/'1"-"""-I7 I(l.\'I)I' s111111-11111- 1\~h11 1:1111I1l 1~xpl11-
1111 111i11i.11\1r1>

. l \'rkcl.\ll D"-".l$ \llm'n ll m"il"' Y"5- -l-l""' "~' l"Il\ -I |'\\\' H1118 \\'111'k- 5111115. I .\"l;1r11-1l lh1-11. .1111l
1-X}11~ri1111~111i11N

ll 'c""' li's"_"llY Ill" "llihl """"' 5" "mfl II"! 1'" Ill! ~\l"|l">l'Il' (i"\'!4 .II"- 1"\'ll_- 1l1;111ks 111 I'11111 S1111-r111.1111;111 1111- j11I1."_]111:
of hill ' I'll l"' 'l' "1 "'r"' I1:|1-1 .\111I1-1'1111. I1;1rr\' .\lI11'i1;hl.111.1\'I11~six is .1 51-I1-1111111111 |111\v1I1'1 111.111." 'Il11-r1' 1111'
Il'r'~'~ Tl'r'~' 1' "'l"~" '' "I lli"" 111- s1'\11\ 111-111111-. l)1'1i11i> .\I111'1'11 1Ii1l';1II 111' 1111s1'l11111l\' nr'1|1111'1'11|i1'1~|1r111g1'1111<i11whic h
llmcs "ml H315 llmy l"-Ii "xpl"' """l 1111:1'iI111i111;111'1I11-\I11ll11'1'sI1i11 111 I1-'1r11 1111- 111111 I|'~ s111111-1hi111; 1-1111
si1111s. Wc did 1-x|1I11si1111s 1-111-ry 11-:11" Y4!" I1 1-1111 i1111I1l 1'1'111gI1- 11111 11111'1'111'1'1I1-111 I/1111 1111-11 111 I1-'1r11 1111 \'11111' 11\\'11 11111 \'1111 I1 111'
r0u'I11 pnssihly i111;1_1;i111'! I11ili:1II1'. \\'l"l r1'11II\"1'111/11'r1-1l \'111- 111 1/11 1/11 :1~11r/1 \'1111 1l1'1l 111 k111111' s111111'1111ri\\'l111 '1lr1"i1I\ I1 is 1 I'\'r11
lung ll": 'l"l~ I" [mm "I Ih" ll" 5""'~"" [11 1/11"11111111-11/1111/1_ :1I111I :1-1111I1I1'I I11? (I;1r1l' 11-1111 will I1'| 1-1111 1-x111-ri1111-111."
5 hm the l"l "5 5li"l""rI" ml ll ()111' i111'i1l1-111 h:1d 111 1111 with II1~11 Burl! ]111.- 1ls11 1I111'\1 111i11i1l111'1'\" 11111d1~l~1\'111k

'll l' "l"'I"5 I IL il_l'3' "'"ll I5l 11111 1111111111 1II\\'l 1111111. I 1hi11k 1&1-11 11.1>11111' 1111-I slill pI1111111;r1|1l1\' 11111 I11\' 11'111'k1-d 1111

RI(li"l lillllllml ""1|ll.\ll\ 5I"'1"l c1|"'Y1\ |"' 111' lhc first p1'r>1111.s $'I'.\R \\'.\I{S .11'l\1.1II\' 1'\'u1'.1l .\I.1rl\' I'r111'I1 .|l\lI'(I.|\'-lIl1|1'l\<
Sid 1\'
in u.].\.i;" |m. sud S [AND ()1
\v:1r1lslI11: 1:xpI11.\i1111. Thu 51111111115 1'x]1I111I |,in.|_ Ht.-A Hm. in (m-;|_-iU,m[1\. MM ||,
ing 511 1';1sl !l\;1l 1.-\'1:11 :11 J00 Ir;11111:s 111-1 .\"1.'1'- $111110 slill pl1111111_v1'.1pI11' l'11r 11>, 11111Ilh1'11l11- 'l'III-, I.0.\"I', l".\R~()I"| $][\(jI-_ Xl"lS JI] 1|
urid, 111: I1:1d 11 I1cII 111 :1 111111 sI11\\-i11_1; it sl;1r|1'1l1;1"1li111; i|1\'11I\'1~1| 1111111 111 |h1~ 111111111 'I'lIl". I.O.\"I' S.\l (.I*.R. II1' r1'1'1-11111 111111-
dowii! I\I11sl 111 111111 11111111111: did11'1 1:11 1.-1l'1-1'15 1111' 1h1-sI1111\'. I 1'1.~1111~111I11-1'11111.-1i1111- |1I1'l1'1I 1h1~ 1~x|1l11si1111s 1111- (l.\l..\(I'I'I(I.\ .11

us1:11. 'Ih1'11 11'1" \ri1-d 11111111111; 5111111 $Ili|lS 1111-1' \\'1~11111111111lI11-.1i1'r.11'1-s.1111l1'1-11111|1-11 II..\I. .1111I \\'111I-11-1| 1111 II(.I\ I{()(;l'.RS_ .1

d11\\'11 :1 14111110 wire 11111.1 1'Xpl111li111.g lI11.'111 as dil'11~1'1.~111 .\'11l|l1ds 1'1-11111 I-:'1|.~1 .1111l .1ll lI\11s1'. 'I'\'-11111\'i1" 1111' I11i\'1-1'>1.1I. (I11rr1~11|ly_ 111- 15

1
lhcy p11ss1:d i11 Ir1111l 111lh1' 1:;11111:r;1. S111111' I51-11 I1r1111gl11 i11 s111111' s1111111ls 111' 1Ii1'l'1~1'1-111 1I11i11g 1111- 1-x|1l11si1111s l'11r I.\' 'l'IIl-l I).\\'h
01'II1u.11' gut in lhc 11111\'ic. lI\' 1hc11, '1: d1'- things |11\1s1' I'11r1l1c I'ir.1l1' Ship,
I11: 11111111-1I ()I" 'I'l|I'l (I().\Il-.'I'. .1 'I \'-11111\'i1- I1.1>1-111111 Il
\'1'|11pc1l -1-11ougI1 lc1*ln111I111;y' :\l111111 11111111 ]1I.1yi11g il I1.11'k\\';11'1ls. 1h1~11 1111111111; i1 r1.-.1l (Z. \\1~ll.~" ;1I11111| .1 1111111'l 1\'l1i1'h >1rik1-s 1111'

m11d1:Is, gctli11g\l11-111111\l11:ri1;l1l1'1111sis11-11- sl11\\-_ Y1111 1"11\1ld l11*;1r .1Il 1h1' I1ydr.111l11 s1.111~ 111 ,\1'17.1111;1. .1])]>|11.|\'II1'1I
ll1~ l1.1s l11~1-11
\ cy, so lh:11 1I1c\' \\'1.111I1l11'1 l1;1\'1'l11I1;1\'1: s11 dunrs cl11si1114 .1111I ll11- ;1ir1'1':1|l |.1ki111_g 1111. I11- ]1r111l111"1'1' 1111rk 1111
I1\\'i11 .-\II1~11 111 'l'III.
muth uI :1 1I111rg1' in (l1c111 111 I1I11\1' up ($111111 .\I1'(I11111- I1;11l .1 r1~.1IIy 1111'1- s1-l 111 .\\\.\I{.\I._|111~1s21,.1111I1'l.1i111> l11I1;1\"1->'1'1'11
right. TIMER 1\'1-r1: <'11\1|1I1' 111' X ;1111l \'-
11 Y.1111;1h;1 $111-.1l\11'.\' i11 [I10 111111l1~I shop .11 1'\'1-1-1' s1'ic1111' 110111111 1iI111 1*\'1~r111.11l1-I "I'1I
wings I1I11\\'i11g 11p. \\I1c11 llu-\' \\'1'rc11111\'i|11; limv. \\'I11'11' 111-11 |1111 \h.1l 511111111 1111, 11
ll11: Iikvs 111 111-;1r .1II 111' 1111' 11-1111; 11111'.1r1I >'1'i1'111"1'

un the _gui1Ic 11'ir1's. :1ll 1111: |1i1'11:s k1.-pl 1.1111111; was jusl 1'.1111;1s1i1'! \\ 1' \1~1~1-1' .1II sillinu 1I1c1'1- 1:11111i11111:d p:11;1- (Ill, 1'11h111111 .1

in the s;11n1' dir1:cti1111. I lhink it I1111ks111111"l1 lryimg 111 rrv;1l1~ 1111-s1' lilllc 111i11i;11\1r1's.
lX'|"|-1R\|[~]\\' BY _\|[(jK (;_.\RR|
1

I mnrc lL1|IISli(' !I1:1\ w;1\'. N11m' 111' lhc111 \\'cr1.~ 1111111" .1111I (I11-y 11-1-11 .1lI
II11111 1li1I I!11- .1l11']1'.\' gn 1111:1111 I111 zufn-.1 kind 111 ;111111r|1I11111s sI1;1|11'5, I1111 111.11 511111111

111111 1'.\'p_11r1I1* 1111 1'111'? Iluw 11'1'r1' Iliry Iriul r1:;1Il1' gz1\'1~ 1'11-ryl1u1ly ;1 I111 111 g1! .-\111I 3"! Hm, "Hm-HIM, Hm, H/,~m, My/..,_\. .,,,,,1,,,_

g1'n'1I11j]! (h11sc ;1111111'|1l11111.\' sI1:1p1>.~1 .\111111 l11-1";11111- 1h1- ,,,,,,, ",,.,. ,_,,L,,,,, M.,\_I, M _\-,,-,_, X,-I, /H, ._\._

guinlvs
wirc
I I11'Iic\1'
wirc
111-111
lhc \\';1\' *1: w11rk1.'1l
111111-1| us lhc 1{r1111111I. 1\11111I1cr
i\ was ll11' s11\1r1:c 111'1'lc1lri1ily.
il, lhc sp;11:1'sI1i|1s lh;1l :11l1Ic1Is11 111111"I1
1111111111111 k1111w11 11.1 S'I'.~\I{ \\'1\RS.
111 1111'
I
|1h1-11- ,1/11.111111, l,,.,_1,,,, I,/,,,,,,,_1m/1111-11
11111" 11.1-/11111111111
1111111
]111- I1'_1I1'111"1'I1'r111I11171171111"
111 111,- n11'11i,,_
Iilvn

_|11s\ :11 1I11: right 1n11111c11l. s111111:I111dy w1111Id

push .1 l111ll1111 111111 Ri<"h:1r1I 11'1111ld do :1
1\I1ip-p;111 1111 i1 11s il
111-111 I11.
Ir11c1' I.11_g.111 1:11nc in ;111d did s111111' 111111-
(111;r;1pI1y 1111 lhc 1~xpl11si1111 shnls for S'I'1\R
\\'.'\RS, 11111. I think 111' \\':1s cn-1Ii11'1l ;1s :1
506111111 unil 1::1m1'r;1111;111. IIr111:1- \1'111'k1'1l1111
'.00I.I I11'Ii1:\'1: I~'11111r1' C1'111.~r;1I 11'ilI I11 d11-
ing 1'l'1'1'1'ls I'11r I1l(IK R()(ZI~'.R$. 111111
1I11-
Bruc1' 11'ilI I11~ 1111' 1lirc1"l111' 111' |1I111l11gr.1pl1y A 1
1111 1111- live 111111111.
I)1'1l y1111 I111:-r any 1-11111111"! 2111!/1 (1'1~11r_q1-

I.111"11.1"?

111'
I 1Ii1I11'1 h11\'1' 111
1"1111rs1', I111l
\\'urk with I1i111 1'l11s1-11'.
lhcrc 11~1:r1' li1111's 11'l11-r1' 11-1: . __'
"
ti 7
1\'1111I1I 1Iis1uss 1'1'1'l11i11 lI1i11_1;s. I l1.11l l111'1:1l11
1
IIN. R1:l11~I I1I111'k;11Ic R1111111'r. 1111' ship 1l1;1l
gels ch;1s1'd i11 lhc 11111-111111; shut. T1111! origi-
nally was going 111 he II1111.\' $11111 '1 511111. 'I'I11' 1

rumnr I I11.-11rd w;1slI1;1| it I1111k1'1l 11111 11111111

Iikv: SI.'\(II-L: I999, 111111 s11 1111') s1r;111|11'1I
ill \\'1' 1*111l1:1I11]1111.1ki11g lI11' lIl111"k;11l1' R1111-
111~r 1111 .1 I;1r_11cr s1;1I1: I11" 1111111111; s111:1II1'r dc-
1:1iI 1111 il. I r1'1Ii1I ll11- 1-11\i11' l'r1111l1~111l11l'il.
pulling 11 s111;1II1r 1'111*I-111111111il.lI1;11s11r1111
11111114. II ;11'111:1Il1' I1;11I:1lil1'111'kpil i11si1l1: 111
0

._
 ,1
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Exploslve
Action by
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il\I M \ \

1\
w \_ \, -
w

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ww *' \
\\ 71\ t \

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Mm! \~~ i

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.~\[u'r much Iruillrss lriul uml

3': rrrn! ul n.=\1._|m- \'m<m~a1 was
vzallvll in lu trcalc lhc minia-
lun' txplnsiuns svcn in STAR
WARS. Viskucil is inlrr\'ic\\'rd
on lhr pron-ding and follow-
ing pages. Righl: l'\vo of Jun
Viskm'ils T.l.l~l. ghlrr vxp|u-
sions which grvully a:|\h:un:r
hulllc srqm-nu-s !>clm-rn lhv
Millrninm l"ulcun and lmprriul
Srmu Ships [mm lhc l)v:nh
Star. .~\ll of lhr: T.I.E. figlilrr
rxplusinns wcrc |lunhlr~cxpus-
u|u\'rr\hc;|1luulminialurvs.
Top I.-II: Tho climactic vxplw
siun nf lhl D1-.uh Slaw filmul
;|| l'ru<lucrr> Slmlin in Hully-
\\'mNL Likc lhr T.I.E. ghlvr
4-xplnsiuns. this was ul>n sup-
rrimpnsvrl uwr lhv l)v;nh Slur
minialun-_ Fur this <-xplnsiun
Viskucil usvrl 3| Spcriul Tilun
Blvv\d," which lcznws :1 gus-
[ypr nf .|\|r;| or gluw iii il dies
:n\':|y. Bnllmn I.-/I: _]m~ Vis-
kucil (In-I1) um! Inc _|<\hnsum
prvpnrv zm X-wing |Ill\l|\| fur
cxplusiun. 'l'h:- mmlrls were
sumvl um! pn~hr0kcn sn lhul
drbri> v.r<-nlrd by lIvt- vxplw
sinus wnuld fly u an lh(' (Iv
sirml zn\g|r.
-_

\
 I111' l':\I1'11.'1I'\ 1111/1 !1:'1'-111111111 1-_\'/1I11\11111 1111

>1.-111 u'.111.~'.11.111.1//1 1/1. 1.11111 11-/1, .1111-/-111.

11-111 11111! 1111 1/11- 1I11Im1'!11111 111 1/11 l11111I1.\111r.
II111 1111111111 .-111.11 111 1111- /1111111111111I11111-.1 11
\!r111'11111g 1/111 I-1 If_'Il_ 11111 !1[11111I11I II11 II.\I.
111-111 11/1/111111 11111 11111111 I1: 1'1 111111-11! 11/1 1111-

1/11 /11;111'\ /1111-1 _\'11111I1 m:1'l1'1. I\'11111\ If11I1'. 1 21111

11111 :11;11I:11I 1111 1/11'. 1/1111.

111ntit1\11'1I I111111 |\.11;1- 8!

I11'ti1111. Right nun 1111-1I1.1Il1'111;1' i\ 1111- 1111-
1I1'.11' 1-\|1I11i11t1 111 thr .\.111 ()t111I1'1' I11\\\'1
||.1nt t'1'1|\|i1'1'1I I111" IIlI'. \\'.\l{.\I. I 1'.1n't
.1sl1I'11r.111\'thi111;I1i1g1g1-1'tI1.111th.1t!"

1111' 1Ii1I 11111 1-1-1 111 1/11 1/11 1111'111'111111'1<

1'.\'/1I11\1'111111111SI.II( II'.Il(.\'.'

1 \\111'1I 1;11t .1ru11111l 111.11 I 1Ii1I 1I11~111i11i.1-

t11n'1-x|1I11si11|1~I111' l'l.l..\'II (i()Rl)l)N_ .11t1I
K1111/. |I1.111k<
-I ~ 1.11\
intu
111

.\Iik1~ .\Ii11111'. K111t/ gut 1111' I1i~11l'I'i1'1~

.1n1I \\1' t.1lI1t1~1I .1|1u11t 111\' urk. I t11hI hittt

1111.11 1 1-1111111 11.1, .111111{11.11 1'11 1111- 11111.1.

_p lI1~ I1.11l.1I11t 111 Iliith i11 1111' .1111I \1.t\'1' 1111' tl11-
I1n'.1k l111'1'1l1'1I.
,. <- 1'11u1114h, 1h1- I'ir\t timt I 1'\'1'1
(11l1|I
ul .\"l,\R \\'.\I{.\' \\.1s .1t .1 \t't't'tt\i|ig'
I11-.1r1I
ul .\1\lI'.Rl(I.\.\(iR.\l'lI'I'I.1t l'.\(I. I.111 .11

just 1111'11ti11n1'1I 1I11~ 11.11111' 111111; .1n1l tI1.1t
> tI11 1111I\' tin11' it \\'.1\ p11I1li1i/.1'1I. .\
l'ri1'111l 11|' minr I1.1pp1'111'1| 111 l1r i11 tI11-.1\11li-
1'1111' .1111I t11l1| n11' .1I1u\1l il. I .\'.1i1I. "lhis
1lu\\'n
th1'11 u11t .11\1l 1
1" 1;11\"> quim; 111111.1k1~11111~l11'Ilul'.1>I11m.I'1l
1'1111ti11n1'1lIn1t1111.11;:-lifi 11111 1-11111 I1'1;
1Iu\\'11 .111.1in. .\l\ ~I1i11 11<1'1I t1111111'I1 1111
.1111I
tht
'
1'1'n .\\lI".RI(I.\.\' (ZK.\l"l'I'Il .1111| 'I'IlX-
111'r. \\'1' h;1\'1' l11'111 t111;1-tI11'r Iur liIt1'1'n _

kn1 11 \\'l1;1\ S l.\I{ \\'1\I{.\' wits 1_{11itt\g

y1'.11~. .\t th1'~'.1m1'ti1111~111'\\1'r1'1I111'11>.111- 1111't.1I 1'1l111- $11 111 .1II1-\'i.1t1' thi\ I h.11I .~'
kli I I

18
',I
111't-u11'1"t".\'11'\' |<.\111:1<.\ |.1111-11- 11-111 1111 11.1.11~ 111.1111 1111 1111- 11-111111 111.1111 I I? I'I"
1-1-111111
nh I.1I1'1\t I'\' .~'h11\\| 11111I \ 11- \\t'1't'111t\\'in<- 11 1111111111 1-.1111-1. 1 11111 11-.111 11111-1 11.1111. II-II ~'> ='I"'"' I""" Y-"> -"4"- ~"I
gut 1111
m
t1'I1'~111|'
\Iik1~ 1'\Ii11111' .11\1l -'
111\''1>I|' ;11t11;1Ily
\\.1\ I \.1\\' \\.1> th1'11\11_;I1 .1 '
1-1I .\'t11nIu111 \\'.1s i11~:t .1ru11111I1l11'111r111'|'.\\'1-
1Ii1I11't \\'.1n1 111 11>m1nit u\11~r|\'1'> 111 .1 film
'I'I11'
l1'11.~' \\I1i1'l11li~turt1'1l 1'\1~r\tI1i111; #11 I 1'1111I1l~ ""~" "I * I I4" I U " r"""' "I
|It'11I1\'t1\ in s1-1- I1111'.1>. \\1- tuuk thc .\t11II' \\'1' h;11l 1111
fur six m1111th~ \\I11~11 \\1' 11111I1I .111ti1i|1.1t1' .1 H'""""- 'I'l\.1t \\.1~
1
11't 1111l\1 11

lut 111 h11'r.1t1\'1' I11111I-1|n11\'. I \nr111'1ItI11'IiIm it~'1'II'. l ltiul t1>~1I1t1I'Ilr .1I11|\11.1t I'i1'<t \\it|1 lI1l2$I| (iURl)()X t11 _\'I111\\' him \\'h11t \\'1'

1Iuw11 111111 lim1'\ lur tI1.11 r1'.1.\<111. l.1-~ I)il- 1h1- I1-141' 1111rnllrn hut 1I11~\ h.11I 11111 111 <11\1l1l1I11..1111I tri1'1I\'1-11'h.1r1It11141~111111I11-
[Ihrry r.1t1h1't\' it tu it 1n11\'i111; l1.11 I1\\.1r1l~. 1>i1tu1'1'. \\'1' shu\\1*tl I1i11\ .1ll thi> >t11l'li. JIHI
I1'y._|uI111 II.1r1'\\ .1\si\t.1|\1 \\'.1.~ lr11 11n <111|1

1lu1'ti1111 I)1'~i1;111~1'l 111'1'~11.11I1'1I 1111' tu 1|11 it. I h.11I .1hu\1t lI-I i111h1'< 11I 11111\r1111'11t in hr w.1s \'1-r\' 1|\1i1~t. \'t~1'\' 1'11rt1-1111. ll1".~' 1l11'
typr |u~r~m11 tl1.1t yuu h;1\'t' tu k1'1'|1 tI11~
_

.\I\ |1.1rtm'1' |1I.1\1'1I u111' 11l' tIi1'_|.1\\';1.\' \\l111 1'.11 I1 I11'.1\'\' I1'14 <11 th1' .~ult11iun \\.1~ 1111111]-1 111

it. i\ \\'h;1t it 1;.1\1' 1h1' 111- 1'111\'1~r>.1ti1111 1;ui111;, I1t'1'.|11s1' l11"II stop it.
1'ulI1'111~1I 1h1' rul1ut\' Iur ~'11.1|1 ttu't.1|. I 11nI\' \\'hi1 I1 I 1Ii1I_ .1111I

l1'.1n11'1I 1h1' SIt1|\ h\' r1'.11li111;1I11' m.1q.1/i111'~ l1ut .1 I111 1111110 .111i1n.1ti1111. (II1.1ngi111; 1Ii~- .\111I it'~ 11 wry l1.11I I1'1'Ii|11; t11I1;1\'1't11I;1't'p
;1lt1'r\\';1r1Is. It \'.1\ \'11i11\'11I\'1'1I.1111I I h.11I 1111 t.11111'1111'.111t ru1'ki111;|11r.1I1uut 1hi1't\' ti1n1'~. thr 1'un\'1'r>;1ti1111 1g11i111;, tr\'i1111 t11 s.1y th;1t
\\.1~ r1'.1II\ \\1'lI 1Iin'1't1'1I.'Il11'
Ii11t'.~'. I n11i>1~\ .\II tl11' 111111; \'I111l~'\1s1'1I tl11'n'|1Ii1'.1\\itl1tl11~ yuu \s'.1nt .1 |nI1,11r tI1.1t \'u11'r1'1111i|1gt111I11
11I'11111r~1'\\1'rt'1IuI1l11'1li11.1lt\'r\\'.1r1ls. thinl Ivq. I11 I'1111i.~i.1, I11'1.111s1' ul thv r,11Ii11 1411111I lltinus l'11rhin1. .-\I't1'rw;1nls,XIiI\1'1'1m
IJ11 111111 1111111.; 111:'1'1I1'1I \'1111r 1-11'"
.1-1111 >i1;11.1I~; I111111 tI11~ \'.11t1I, thc uthcr m111I1'I tin\11-1I tn \\'ri|1~ I.111'.1s .1111I t1'll him tl1.1t \\'1'
1111 1/11 /11'r\111111I1'!\' 11/ 1-Ir11111-II1'11111j/ w1'11t h.11vir1' .1111l k1'pt1 r.1.\'I1i111;i11t<11111' .1ll \\'1'1'1~ \111i1t1; Iu\'11|l\t'\l|1 with 11>h11rt pr1~1'11-
11111rI1'
I tr11-1I 111. \u11r1 .1 Int l1111i11-1l with .1 thr 1i1111~. 1.1111111 11! .1 I1.1|1l1~ .\r1|\t1'|11'c. \\1- h.11I llll

thuiiuh. ;1r1'1\'t $1111. .-\II I r11\1I1I

r11I11\t 1I11 I!1'1I\'1111/111-11 r I111'11I1'1111 111 111111111 111111/1-1' \\'l11I1' >t~1|\|1'111'1> pI.1t1|1t'\I.1111I >t11ryI>11;1r1lc1I.
I" Ihvth h;11I .11I\'.111t.11;1'> .1111I 1Ii\'.11l\'.111t.11;1's, \\'1' 11111 11111' 111' [I10 |1111Is I'r11m SlI.l'.N'I'
\\-I "WW II lllhl YllIl_l \\'ilI\ lI\'~' IHKHI put tr:1ctur
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ll \| |.nl\|n~; llll. .m<l
\\:- ll|\(ll\\lll lll.|l. ll:
\\l||1|<<l In \|~<" .1<|.lm.
\\illl |l1<- llt.llll \|.|l
\|\\|lI<'.|(l l>1|l |\ "HI
4|<1\\|| I4 llll\<'_ .unl ll
I-1! 4l(l\\l\ [4l Ilv!\\4
.1|\rl \\v |u\l l.|u|<|n'1
lluix."
\ l\l\lI4ll

Tn/1 Ri_eh!: _]m- Viskucil arms

lhl mndcl oi lhc Rvbrl l!|u1'k-
udu: Runner wilh an rxplusivr
for blur scn-1-n phulugrupliy.
The mmlvl is muunlrni upsixlv
i|(I\VI\ In give lhc \'Xp|uiun
lhc prnpur zcm-graviiy vffvci.
Bullum Riglxl: Fuur rxamplcs
oi Adam Bvckvllk ainimalnl
explosions, &|(Il1l lo cnhaim:
rurly lIlLll|ll|UB|l' cxplusinns
|'il1|u"(l zil ILM. Nnnc oi lhrsc
rurly rxplnsions wen usul in
the nal film. B1-ckcu is inter-
vicwcrl nn pug: I9. To/1 Ll/It
Filming Ilir blur scrccn 1'xplu-
sinn of (hr Ru.-hcl Bluckaulr
Runnvr. jun: Viskucil juilgcnl
lliis vxplnsion as unsatisfac-
lmy bccuusr nf uxucss smnkr,
but lh'n' was no limo in rc-
(ilm ii. ll ;1|1p\':|r us :1 quirk
cut in lllr nal film. .\l|'IdIr
I.:'/I: (lumcmman Ricluml i'l(l'
luml (behind cumvru on (ruck)
gcls his cyvlzrnws singed by
nn(' ul'_]<u- Viskucils Tn'|u"h
|:xplnsin|\ in i|l(' ll..\l parking
lul. Chief mmlvl muku (irzml
1\lc(Iunr ;|ml_]0hn Dykslrn ub-
scrvv All lair rigl\l.Iiu!Iuu| l.r_I!:
4| visk-.al' sl'I~up ul Pru-
|luccr's Sludiu iur X-um]-\
wing \'XPlnsiun. .-\ high-spvcd
\;1ml'f films (mm in-low. The
lung lulw is cunnucluil In u hnl
uni! which bluws the 1'xplu-
siun spark and i|\'l)|iS In gin-
lhl: illusinn of shin, mn\':~m1'nl.
.<\ Y-wing |s III pusllmu zit [up

for filming
 r? A
"MY

"/1
i

_ -1! & 1 --

_.
 For the Death Star explosion I iiseil
wIi.it's ealleil .i Sperial 'l'itaii llleiiil." It is
a uas explosion, so that .ifter the partieles
.ttir;i iit
' tie
I 'IltI'
roine iowartl yoii. there's still a gas-type of
air ie tiii il,;iiit I yotteatt atttl
ly see this in the sltow itself.
I\' it -Iiirigi-rniiil
Yes, it is very ilantgerotis.
Oii Sl'.\R \\'r\RS I never h-Ill any II<t"II1$
Q" "II |tH'itt-ttttrely. Nolioily was hurl or
seraielieil on tlte show. I got .i sntall Inirii
oit my liaiiil tllI\'t', hitt that was it. I iloit't
eoiisiiler the work ilaiigeroiis iiiiless you're
ilealiiiq with .i fire ntiisaiiee. You ilo have
to know what yoti'i'e iloiiig, aiiil yoti I\.t\'l
I" Ill! -I IIl"~II>l' IIIIIII II"! IlIII-
II"II' II'I"'I III" "XI'I"~"-"III 'I"""II"'I7
Tliey were all elei'ti'ottieally tletoiiatetl
"SI"! ~\|\III>- -\ "\""I"'I "I IYII"-*'
""i' W"
1'|Ii..'FI.l\~IT'III;I.'i?i .l'.'a ."il'.'iT'
"I "I "H I/" I-\'lI""""'II _\"" IIIII /"T
.\l'.'IR I\'.lIt'.\_ lln-re niii.\'I he II Illllltljlll I/iii!
\un ieerr I't'l|II_\' flfllltif ~_/ that itt'VitI '1 in
the 7IIlIi'f|'.'
Yes, they lI.\\'l' t|\IIIl' a lilirary of my ex-
l'I*'>'I"II- I "I">I II-I"I I~'I"l'II IIIl'III I\\" IIIIII'
'II"I"I I'*II"5I"II-* ~'II"Il"II"I'- "II III "II- "I'I'
II"! t'"III'~ "I "I"IIIII- III \II*I ""1 II" "I"$I
RI
"I IIII'III III I"~'"III\' III'III""~'~ TIIIIY
~" II-~\I-
were shot .it li-otIiieer's Studio. on one of
ilte larger sotiiitl l.ii;e with a ~Ill-foot <'eil-
hm. so iii-it we I11-I I'II"II!lII mini 1" I11-We
III1III\l\!I'reXplosioiis.
II IIII~'I' VIII IIII "III" III" IIII II"\\-
IItt\l trirks tt|I my iliat I ran .ipply to
sleeve
II- I'\'I '4'" IIII "I-I\Il'1IIII1II I"'I' *'"II$IIII'I"
~I
eil iloini; now that I've seen the filiit many
IIIIII'~ I TIKIII/-1' III-II III\'I'I' 1II'I' IIIRIIIY
efl'i~eis that I\tt\lltI give tlieiit. _lttst like in
Iht' ll-lll\'I'. All the elttl. where the words
5I-\I{ V-\I{-9 I'I"' "I- III"
5"" "II II'
IIIII I'?IIII*'II> "It lire. 'I'hat's one HI lIIl' PX
plosions I'm really pnniil of. very tiniqtiel
II-IIII/I / \'"' "-.I'I"I"'I~I 'II'I"'I II""/\'
jitr _\'oi1'
There was only oite shot that tIiiIti't
work for ine. Ijust saw too niiirli smoke. It
w.is the shot of the Rehel Illoekaile Rtiiiiier
.it tlte very Iiegiitiiiiig. I wantetl to retlo
tliat shot very Iiailly. I pleailetl with I~'.il-
ltiiul and \\'lItil\'lI' else was arotinil at the
time to reilo it, littt they iIiiIn't have the
time. That was the only explosion I wasn't
happy with. .-\|l of the others tiirneil out
ins; f_||\|;|,~|il-1
l)i'iI you (Ill any jiill-xi'iili' i'.\'pIo.ti'oii_i- in
5"/'_.|R |i'_.|R_\';/
I did Um. sh. .|.n. "H. _]_| ;|u_,,;|-5
.i small ile\'iee to R..l)2 aiiil there's a small
explosion. 'l'hat's the oitly live aetioii one
[hm |-H. H." dm._ Jud | min}; it wmcd.
otit well. Ily the way. that little explosion
is the same type of explosion iiseil iii the
final shot of the Death Star, so you can see
the tIifft'!'t'ittL' in ii ht-iirtg plioioii-r;iplit~ii live
anti applieil to miniatures. 4\I| the other
li\'e-at'tion explosions were iloiie in I".iig-
lantl hy _lolin Stears aittl his erew.
IJi'iI _\-on ii-nrlr i'lnxil_\' ieitli /.IIt'.Y)?
No. I saw hint a hantlful of tiiites at
most. Ile wotiltl he talkiiiig with l.ogan
more than he woulil with iiie. liera\ise_ of
the eamera setups. Ltieas is a very mtl<I-
maimeretl persoii. very siift~s|iiikert. _IIe
talked hriefly with me as to what he (I like
to see. tiiitl more or less gave me ftill reign
to do what l really wantetl. George has
really given me the creative freedom to
shnw what I can do and I think I rame
through.
94
f' ~
W _/in-! [Ital il is iIerit'a!i'1'e nf_/'iiniiIi'iir gt-iiri".i,
t ~ _- , ___
I I tun making A ,3uIud nh 5.5 HI.
(ll|)I I5 KIIIIIL IIIIII I III i1|1">=1III"EII
"I Ii\III* from the premise that it's got to he
* g"" "' """ " "' "g" IiIl3'-.iLllTl7$ll.-'l'.ifill7iIili7lT~
Hal hc III-l.l(-fa an urhng on It
ll lll\0l\'I-'5 ll SIIUW PIZIIIKZI
II"I\'- 1lII(I
coiilrastctl with jungles. Lucas won l
(Ii,-|_"
Gary Kurtz met I"r;iiieis l"or<I Coppola
Llllflllgifillllilil of 'l'llli 'IliRR()I{ for
Roger
(Ioriiiaii iii I963. While visiting Coppola's
stttilios in San l"raneisi"o in I969 iluriiti; the
1miq,,f'||[X [133 ||t- tcl (It-orge Lucas.
1 IEYT3, Kllfll .iiitI (In|ipol.i ro-proiliieetl
.-\.\IIlRl(I.\N GR.-\IIII'l for l.\tt.\. mi its
plieiiomeiial Iiosoffiee atiil eritiral siieeess
I provitletl the hase tipuit which SI.-\R
\\'y\R -35 |mi|i_
Kiirtv. was horn iii I9-HI iii l.os ,\iigeIes.
gn,4im: up "W". mm in 5;, |.-|._"-;u,_ '.\$
"III" ehilil he made his own Kiiiiii ino\'ies antl
M-mt in gehuol protliietioits. Ile stuilieil
film M mg [l||iy|;yi|\' of S|i\|[I\1Q]'t\ (j;|Iifor-
nia. anil worketl Il\iiI1(.illllfI;tl anti eihie;i-
tional films after igratlttation. Ilis entree in-
to ft-attire filiii work was for Rotter (Iorimiii
iii yariotis rapaeities on several low-liiitliget
exploitation films. Kiirtr. ivorketl as lah
|['(I\||i\'i1|]\. <-lectriti;tii, e;iint-r;||n;in, eiliim-_
sotiiitl mixer. and still pliotoigraplier. gain-
ing t'X|it't'i<ItLt iii almost every }lIl;||; of ft-;|_
titre film prodtietioii, Ile lieeame an assis-
taitt tlirertor aiiil prodiietioit i'oor<Iin;itor
oit two .\loiite Ilellman westerns. 'l'llF.
$lI()()'ll.\(I and RIl)l*. IN 'l'III-'. \\IlIRI.-
\\'I~\'II- -'\IllI' I\\u Ykll\$ I" II"! .\Iari|ies as
a eameramaii, etlitor and still pIioto_t_rr.ipher
he rettiriietl to USC for atltlitioiial courses
anti eilitetl several low-Initlget featttres. In
l9Tll he heeame associate |)fUtI\Il'l|' on
.\Ionte IIellm;m's l'\\'() l..'\t\'I~'. IlI.=\(IK'l'()I_
Jtttl (Ill.-\l\'l)I.l;R. a ileteetive inii\'ie with
1\l'II (IIIl<'5IIIII I-l'5I4ll (IRIFIIII-_ I\IIIIl II\'l$
in Saiisalito with his wife .\IeretIttlt and two
tlatigliters. and is eiirreiitly prepariiti; the
prutliietioit of S'l'.'\R WARS II.
ii',,_,~ ;/N M,-,-/,;,',,,, U] 5'/_.|R ty_.|R$
,,<[[\- ,1,,,- ;,, 1],, n; Hm; ,,-,-,- mu ,,,,_
,/hi, ,,[\,,',_, I I/Z ,,,,,;.,',rx Hm, W, Im,-._
HIM), ,'"[I'1 M TI; ' film was pre-pIanne_il to the iitlt tlegree and
George jttst saiil \\'ottliIn't it he gr;-M if
Hm". was J (>IIllrc!l4-IRIS, (;Un|(m (mp
UL. p|yi"g m"..}.n._-- \.|1_ hut. .uS_
n-l 5" we |L.(.ih.d m milk. it m",c|\.,_.s_ we
|i_."Scd it an mmgh "H. |kim:f;\M_
ER1C__\N (;R_\|:|.-|-|~| and did U. ..|mim1
n___n_| mm hm, we muld ht uh! m up
Cumpmh H, en-'__(_s T w;m,d_
, ,
I
_
IN"Rv"" B
_ _ V
MIKE CHILDS 8: ALAN JONES
It'oiiIrI _\Il|l I'll .\"I'.'IR III-IRS 1'1!/v|'I.TI
iiiisltilgii" ,\i-it-iii-i'_/it-liiiii filni?
Possilily. ll is an lioinaige to all the atl-
venture artioit fantasies. not jiist in film
I ttit aso I tie
I "10
. s ptit
rotighs. \'erne, ett". Niist:iliti;i meaits re-
i/e
I) itiai.,;i'.iii 5, B ttr
i"reatin_t; an era that people reinenther li\'-
ing throiiith, so iii that sense. ito. it isn't.
apart from the fart it's tlte sort of ino\'ie
tltat people rememlier aetiiia utit in their
liaekyartls.
Iliix Iflt _/'i'lin /H'l'YI ,\'Il('l'!'SI/Hf lfllt In I/It
nillier I/tun l)r|'Il_t{ i'iiiini'uIi'i'1?
In any fairy tale your (lI1tt;ttlL!'S are
arrliety tes. In one sense tlte story is etit
aitil tlril'tl as it was fixetl witltiii those pa-
rameters. hut if it tises familiar eleineiits
it's hi-eaiise the films we took tI\IfiI\S]III'1l-
I)/1 _\-on ]m~_/1-r lt'l'UIYI/I117!-XIII!l1_('ST.lR
t|',|R_ ;,, u-,-31,-my y[/1i'y'1/tint J00]?
2001 is mmc seit-iiiifivally oriented. I-\s
I\'e iust saitl, this is a fantasy fairy tale, the
latter was far more serious. I really <'aii'i
eoiniiient oii that as srieitee fiction writers
have heen workinig in Imth eamps at the
same level for many years.
In [lie (Irnrge I.I4tll.\' irili'ri-ii-u in RIIIIIIIL
Stone, Iii is 1/iuileil ax .\'u_\'in_e Ifltll Iliefilni
i'.i unly _I':7" of I/Ii .\i1ri'e.\'.\ he Il'IIlIII'Af i'I In
I.-. ll'oit/il\0ui1_qni'?
\\'e aehie\'etl far more tliaii tlt.it. You
itttlst reitteinlier that artiele was a series of
five ilone over a period of time thtrinq post-
protltietioii antl then all eollateil togetlier.
li -35 ;| [i|t' -I-it \\-t- -are M our mogi
\II'$II<I'III" "5 YIIII III IIII1IHIII*~ III "'I"~'
workiiii; IS hours a ilay trying to get the
ino\'ie fiiiisheil in time for its premiere. I-\ll
the prohleins seemetl magnifieil. 'I'hat arti-
PI" III'IIIIII'~'iI III"I"~' IIl.\!IIII\"~ 5I1II"III"III5
titan positive ones whieh makes it all seem
like soilr .\!I'III"~'5 'I"- -\'I 1"II"'"' IIII'~"'
III$ III" IIII" III IIt"~5II I- IIIIIY III" IIIIII'I5
can piit a pereeittage siireess rate on it as
we are so close ;\llLl11llI see all its fl;i_ws antl
prolilenis. htit oiire the ])l('lt.llI(' is oiit.
that's it. You eant keep explaining i_t for-
'~'\\f- '1' K0IT1I>">ITIIllI II I"I "II IIII$ IIII" IIS
it (lid ha\'e_:i relatively low lnitlget eonsitIer~
int: its sttli_|ei't matter, Iiiit I woiiltl put the
I"'I"'_'~'IIIll" 5II'~"5I'5 I1IlI'IIIIIf'II III.\!IIf~I-
I'roni I/Il' Iiiirl_tti'lllP,\' lf_"I"I "fII"_H'. It'll!!!
lt'!I.\"f'l|' nivxl lII]_/[(11,/It/]l't'I In ueliii'i'i'!
l\ot |tist om I\IlIIII'Y *'II"I'I- IIIII III
whole of the hattle seiitieiiee at the eittl. It
was iust so time eoiistititiitig.
-I-Y ll I'{"'III""' I~ I"/I"! III! '"""".\' '"_I_"I-
II" )"'II1IIIIII .\"'I If'I'I"III'4II"II!~'/I I" IIII'/'1'"
jrom (I t'Tt'fll't' [IUIIII oj i'iiii'!
Y IIIIIIIII-!YI'IIII<I I5_"II III" I*"'IIIII"II II"-
I~1I\1lI1II'I'IIIII- III'"IIII"II"II III""-IllI'Y- f'IIII"Ii
antl a host of other tasks. lntt l think on
II\i$ fill" II }\'1I$ "W J"I1_ I" WI lI\1Il GI'I1Y.I!\'
IIIIII '~'Tl'IIIIIIK III I~'(I"I"'II 5" III~I'"III\I!lI:I
oii aiitl tlo what ht ean do liest. tlireet. 'I his
with these pre-set lintits antl logistics hail
to leaye hiin free of any prohlenis. I_thtl_a_r-
with lox a lot, lnit I lll.'Illl'\\'I\lI it. lhis
a pirttire that George partieularly likes
lsn t
to make. In fact we Imtlt prefer smaller
films with fewer crew members aittl he
likes shooting in a semi-tloruiiieiitary style:
hit! we knew all this hefore starting_ the
picture auid I know that he fouiitl it limit-
ing. so I made it as trouble free for him as I
(nulli-
Dfll you euer panic ubuul guiiig uuer
 bllIlL:|'l?
i
\\e_ thllll_l:llt ;lt rlne stzllge thlll we were
SPl'l\lillHLl11UH' than we llrlgllllllly esllnllltetl
mainly i)t(;l\ISl .st'ienl"e fiction fihns h;l\'e~
n't relllly tll)lIl' that well. 'l0tll uml; years
tn nl;lkl' its nlllney llzlek ;\l\(l'\\'\ Pl;\l\l\k'li oll
S30 lllllllllll tn llrellk even. \\ e weren
sllre we ll tlll t|l;lt hut we went ;llunl; wltll
it as it was ;l film we wulllell
ln.lke Zllltl
we i\2\(i ltl |\tt|lt.lilUll'\\';ltl\l>l|l1|lt1f.|l\ .|\I
J
llienre lint there \\'|lu i\ZIYl(i nllr upilliull.
I-~ki~.l' f'llt'lL Hm! /wrlivvlur r~'~"\'
"'~l -""'" I"'I'-""~?
l
W" \\*'|"~' l'l'~\'i\l"l'l| l" Ill! l-1"! ll-ll fill
\ film wullhl he llzlllly !'l( eivell l)lt';l\l\' ill" its
Iiaht-lwzlrtvd v~\\='r1=-inlnvnl \1-luv :--l vritivl
Willi 1" '11 W" *'|'i""1""l 1"" 1ll'1||Yll"-\|-
5\"'l\'l$i".\l|. lllel" -\""l"| 1'1-' fill" fer
_\\l"" ll '35 1"! ""j"Y"| ll " lh?" |""l-
|'|\\' illlmvlli-lit l"'l*"\ rv=\\"\i~"\ 1-IR \'
llh5"ik- '9 '*'T'~' ']'i|'.\l 1'" ll"<"| \\'"l'l| "f
m""l|""11\\h1"l\1\l'l"'"\'*l'=ll'l"'"""""~
!l"l'5 '1' hi "W "l,']" limc "fY1\l'-I
411- I
"WY hl\"" |"~"'" i|*'1\\"'| l" "5 ir '\"l hill l|'
ll"
ml" hm '1' \\'"lkl'll 1'"
llmc 1" l'"'\i*'\\'
it sulillly until ll week hefure its llpellinlg.
-\l*" ll": R35 li""|"'l!"im4 '"1"k'~" hi"
bccn mull-Z".d but M "W 6'1 "cur "M
um. 5-l_ that \\'-1;\n-lllwr f=lelnr-
ll"}'"""/
\'=\YI*l)'.
lL!llt'H it zmlx
eullnI_L
"lU|I|'
I1 II
mu.rII_\- III I'.ll_g'Ilm1I_ it'1|,\
""".\' "."'i'~ ll, " ."' "'"'"""'~ ""
1"/7
lhllll "'51-
I l'0"\l|1\|"l'll 1" Uri -lltlll
l
il wllslrl ;. lllllll-will-d picture
just her:luse l_lf tlle llllrtsiillllell ill l.nl:l;lnll.
but _l>el-nllse lll C;lllr(II'I\l;l ll \\';\ lllemhers
.ms'd- in: mds"Y' nu ms "'1': "f
axis m5\J' ""'\'"5 Tim "W r"3' 'hY
Uni\'ers:ll and l'nitetl .-\rtists palssell un tlle
l"".ll*'l- T'"'> <"l"" l'"I ' "1"..
ml l"~'"l'l" "Y d" he l"('l5 ""4 '"""1"
l\m'$- -'\\ 1*-131 75% 1>f\l\<'lvl1l-' '1' "ml
\\"~' ''\\' l" '9 l"d"5"Y ll '35 1\l"'\|| -\
l""h"~'ll P""ll*' i" -TIL .l"|"\ n'k$"1| ll-Ill
<"|Y \\"\k'~'l| "" t'"'"'1'"'i~\| ml 5"-F-~\'T
\|"l'f
R\iN\~|-\'(L 'l\-1| "1\'1""
\\'""<l 41$ Y|1"|'Y'"""5 'il|\ llll
ll)'-
lt was also II rzlse llf <lislinl1\lishin_l; wh;lt
juh title they sllllnhl he e:llegnri1.ell llnller.
ln lnnst nluvies nune of these peuple get 1|
cretlil alnywlly. .\l0st erellits rlln fur 30
feet. Ours rlln funr nlilllltes [lilill feetl . Tn
J eertllin extent. the larir!_\' eomment was
an oversight, hut the stlltliu tlitl eul some
llf the credits as they thought they were
tlm lung. l'm all ill fzlvur of giving erellit
where it's due. hut l'ln nnt sure jllst lluw
mueh ll screen eredit helps the leelllliclll
side of the inrlustry. .~\ resllnle is lnlleh
more impurlzlnt frum their puint ufeiew.
Wax l|Y|_\'llIl1I_L' taken nu! u_/i lIlt' film in
the l'rIilin_e llllgex I/ml _\'II|l llllllll Irma" lill'
ell In lI1ll't Xtl!l in tIu'j'inr'.rIlerI film?
We took nut Ll llll of things fur time re.lA
I sons. hut :l Int we didn't even Si\Ut>I. From
the sereellpluy we lk out :1 lung seene on
the \\'oukie's planet that in\'ol\etl uhllut 20
of them. We rlitl shunt the scenes of Luke's
i friend who leaves tojoirl ill tlle fight and is
killed at the climax. hut it sluwed down
\ the earlier part rlf tlle film and was excised
Gary Kurt: (Ir/I) and (ienrgr Lums at ILM dur-
ing the filmivlg uf inserts /or the .ll(]Ill"lL'k' st! in
the irller-fur of thl']nwa's junk-laden Slmdcmwler.
With In: technical bncltgmlmd in lmmnkirlg,
Kurt: luns t'nll'ma!el_v ivltlnllwd in the filming of
STAR WA RS. pvuviding support which freed
Lucas to function crcatiriely as diverlnr.
neellell .ll\t| l_hei| r.lll\
|IU1'1|\lSl' ]>.ll'it'll.[ \\'l|.\'
llisellssillll llee.ltlle l<'ll_llnll.llll. lhe lllulk,
bl [he ml, lt, hint |l\ _| \\t'th Ille tel i\>
"it-_|] i,lrl,-ull w.l~' l.lhlll lllll l-l the \l l'\'\'ll
|l|.ly .ll\t| l'l]Ii.ltkli l>\' lil.\ll\.lllt\.
ll',|\ ]l-hll ll'l'/ll'llnl\ lIlIltl\'\ [hr llnil l' ll)!
K
t eeell 1],, ,_,,,,\,4 _/
ll with llllll llelrlre
\;-<_ \\'r-.l .1. He-tl
lll
T _\-|_,,-|,-,| \-h,,,1i,,u_ 11,- |,,|,-, 1|, 41,, W,-.
,i,, ]l||\ \\H)ll' qllllll l]\t'||]r'_\ _,ml _,1
_]4\|lI\
[um Hwy Mmiu. H. i.|.l,n.uiM|_
.s1;l!t llilles 1/lllfl '1 1|/Irtl ftt 1,l_1.m,1
tlllll II//ll ll-lrl:ItullIl' llulrl lmlil Ill!/' lull]
1'
or (.'llr1'.\lmm. ll'lllll lllllllll I/ll'j|1tlIl'lt'I\
rr/l-ill llll lllr?
'l"llt< t'l.l>4ll\ \\l"\l' \\'.lil\'ll -.. illllll i~ In .\\"
ellrr llle right l'i|lenl.l< ill l'llli\ lel'litul,i,l'.
my lllr my lll \t'l'('(l\ Jllli ll:-lIl\ |.|lililil'>.
'l'llere'> .lh\lll\ tll.ll prllllleln. l ull llilh the
Llllilllt, .. tlllll l-.lll'l ill ll\.ll Lllltll if the I'('-
\'il'\\'s lift l'l'>l.ltil ill il the H'\i\'\\.\ .I|t |l.lll
,
lilill it t',llll iii llllll .l\\ll|li Tilt llllll ll.l>
lleen |\il'kl'll up .I.\ .l |\('\\.\ \'\l'I\l l'\'el'\\llll'l\
;lll\l l'nl llllpinl; it \\'lvtl'l liill\illl\il illll'l\'\'l
ill tlle pit lllre. \\'r-"tr lrvinl; ll! keep lllll'l\'\l
|~||mlillq ll\' pre\'i<-wille ll ll! tllelli.l llellllll-_
lleei.lys. illlel'\'ie\\ers, ell . 'lh.ll\
\\'| "' '~"""""l ll' ml" l" ""l"'1lll"" 4'
the S.lll Sr-l.l~li.lll lillll l_l.\'ll\'.|i .lllll ll l)\,t\|-
./'1'" ville. 'l'lli< l\.ll the ll\'lI||il \\'ill\ we it .\l\<l
kt. il in m-m-,-_m- (~||(h\|\i_|\'|lL l
lhi"k H|.|-\i$ llllll llltllhl J" \ TH l
"""' l""il"|'l*> IMF l""1I\' ht """'l-I
nies ilI\'lIi\'\\i lll\\\ll_[l\l l'ver<>lle Hllhl i\.|\l'
1'
""1
uI1\'=\- he-ml all-\Il il -HM \\-H"l'*| l<'~*'1' ih
(_',,,,ll, 1,|I/.- (mitt 111,- \|lII1|'I_)
\\l~ ll-rllll lll;lLe tIl\(' il \\l' rlml'l llet .l
""""l'|"Y "' "kl" H" "l\"" -ll" pl.|lll'l \\""l\'
inl; on il I\lI\\ .l|lrl it itl\'ul\l'> .l sllllw
('()[\[|;|I\'|| with illllgles. \\'e .llw.ly> intellll-
"4 ~"'l'-\R -\R-* l=- W -- "H-llillle lilm =-~
l|le l'll.lrlllt<-rs were llll1'l'l>'lil\ll t'l\<>\H4l\-"H1
\\I\lll| ill li('\'\'it)]llti. ilk lint mm tr. .lll
illtrlllllleliull In the e|l\'il'unlnrllt .l|lll the
'l'\lll llulll'.s w.ls UH) sllurt .l time
l'iI1ll'.lt'l(l$.
lu lleeelrlp the ])L'tSHIl;|i |'el.llil>llslli|vs. The
"""Y' l.tsl will he l~x;let|y the .\';llI1\'. l.lll'.ls wlln'l
\\'-15
fill" iIl1l\I- tlirert. lle's tml llllsl .lt the lnunlenl \l'l>rk-
int; on 16min exp:-ritnent.ll films. l'll like
[\|\- |,;|L-kw-m||| is U 1|. u.-hi_n|
sh: (."_l.m"_ |".Udu(.liU" "mq_
. I
Ill ltl ldh M
1.
PT. vtllltll, lltltl ll lltthl 1-)
(ht this film lt was my _|ll|) tn see lhllt
]_l|(~;| hm] l-\-cl-}-l|]ing hr n.quiH.(|
M,
mm gm "H um dn hm hr can
W
.
"\
. _. V.
if h"~"li h"- I _l j!'}' uh l
ll illl, lllll l tlezlll \\'tlh ll.
(hlry Kurt/.
lrl llsl ullr lll tn lllll lril'l\l|\. like .\|lill
-'1' llelll, (illpplll.l_ rlr lh" l'.llln.l_ lllll \\e'll min: selnl
T tll.ll l'-ml l\ re|mrtlll| |]- mk M
(I|l,\l"l'|-.l{ 'l"\l"u= '|'lll-. I-..\ll'll{I. .\"l'l<ll<l-.s
ltl\CK, lt\ll th.ll l\.l> nlrlre ill .ln ill iuke,
Vllltlillll my lillll (ilIl'lit\I\ >ll'l;|l\. .~\> l -..\-
tlll>l|l;h_ l'nl nut tnllkinlg lIlI(' l|t\l\\'> lhr
\'t I'i|1l i~ Q...-.1 .tl\li lull ;l]l|Il'l|.|l'itillL[ il ll-llll
the |I|'lll\i.\l lll.ll it's gill tn lle lls lgllml llr
('\t'lll:t|lt'I' lilllll llll'l>l'l\Lil|.ll.
Ilun \IIll lull lumnlrull ||!l /hr .\I.lIl
ll'_lIl'.\' nlmliu I/ml |\ |_'r1/l/ling I/ll" tnlrlll!
l'erl|lle ill the sl iellee fit iillll I rlnlnlnnit\'
H-l. Wm-rim nu 5-]_\R \y_\R "1 UM.
the l'e.lml\ .lll.l\' lrllnl the \l'l'ilI\lS \ill( ill thl \l\'I\l'l'l
.llllll lllitlk tll.ll is trill i1)l'lil\' l;l'|ll'|.ll.llllli
mm, 11,- W ii (;|_<;_\-|, 1-__\'(;()l-_\"n,|<_\*
()|- '|'||l, |'|||R|_l K131) will ,-L-|n-rs ht-l,_,|.
.ll\\-l\'> .lnle.' ll:lrl.l|l l'.|]i_\~',,,Juan. mgr W mm
llel'.l\l_se llle f.ln.llili~nl <li.\l|l|'|I> llitll .lntl lie-
l';t\lt' peuple .lre qnilll; tn see the nlllvie lltll
|,k.-lum [hm Jm |,,_ [ml |, .l\|$(' ifs u
lllilll; [U lill llllll il lll.|kl' ].1|hli('|-~ l'\'Itl
M. |..,_ | M J |(.l.r H. Mhm, My |-mm
,_.,_h,_m. M ||M.m.d .|i.h Mm Ml W
|l\Nl\' was t.lken serillllsl\' llnless the\' i\.|\i
511-". _\"[}\R \\'_\R$ J1 ]r_,,i| 5] liml-,1
I
_\|\. "W" Vic. ix HM H. mm lucr hm
life iikt0(. tile 1l1i|lirt'll Hi lull-IY 1lI\ll(l
pll.ssilll\' he the .l.-trullwllts uf ll)HllYH'l|\\
.ll\<l if ll\t.'\' AH lo lI;l\'t .. l'l\t' .ll lllt llillr
m-prillg ,|;'iyi| _|]",\|1 ll-m, i|l| j| he-1|;-r
|'l,y ll-m ll) il;|\l ,1 sense ill f;lnt.lsY llhm"
_| trip lll llle .\lul>ll or .\l;lr.s th;ln he lulll il'.\
Q. lhlll .l.s _[ll nnt lllere? Re.lli.slll will nut
I
|ll.lke .l|l\'llne lgll l)\l\ zlnll lillll slllnethillg
f<lrlllelllsel\'e.~l.
..
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