Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ETSI Standardization done for UMTS Phase 1 in 1999. Frequency bands defined by the standard:
18852025 MHz for mobile-to-base (UL).
21102200 MHz for base-to-mobile (DL).
UMTS combines:
1. W-CDMA, TD-CDMA, or TD-SCDMA
air interfaces UMTS is an alternative to GERAN (2G GSM air
2. GSM's Mobile Application Part core interface including GSM/EDGE).
3. GSM family of speech codecs
Much of the UMTS infrastructure is shared with GSM,
UMTS over W-CDMA uses but in order to migrate to UMTS, operators need:
a pair of 5 MHz channels New spectrum licenses
(UTRA/FDD) Extend UMTS capability at existing towers
[2]
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 2 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 3
UMTS Overview (3) UMTS Architecture (1)
UMTS Architecture:
UMTS Architecture (2) Core Network (1)
UMTS system areas from largest to smallest: Core Network provides switching, routing, and transit
UMTS systems (including satellite) for user traffic.
Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) Core Network is divided into circuit switched and packet
MSC/VLR or SGSN switched domains.
Location Area Circuit switched elements:
Routing Area (PS domain)
1. Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)
UTRAN Registration Area
2. Visitor location register (VLR)
(PS domain)
Cell 3. Gateway MSC
Sub cell Packet switched elements:
1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
UMTS Coverage is Universal (Leino, 1999) [1]
2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 6 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 7
UMTS Architecture: UMTS Architecture:
Core Network (2) UTRAN (1)
Length 256 chips 4-512 chips 38,400 chips / 256 chips 38,400 chips Functions of UMTS Base Station (Node-B)
Duration 66.67 s 1.04 s - 133.34 s 10 ms / 66.67 s 10 ms Air interface Transmission / Reception
# of Codes 1 primary code /
= spreading factor
4 ... 256 UL 16,777,216
512 primary / 15
secondary for each
Modulation / Demodulation
16 secondary codes
4 ... 512 DL primary code
CDMA Physical Channel coding
Spreading No, does not change Yes, increases No, does not change No, does not change
bandwidth bandwidth bandwidth bandwidth Micro Diversity
Usage To enable terminals to
UL: to separate physical
data and control data from
Error Handing
locate and synchronize to same terminal
the cells' main control DL: to separate
Separation of terminal Separation of sectors Closed loop power control
channels connection to different
terminals in the same cell
Functions of Radio Network Controller (RNC): UMTS standard does not restrict the functionality of
Radio Resource Control the User Equipment in any way.
Admission Control
Channel Allocation Terminals work similar to Node-B and have many
Power Control Settings different types of identities (similar to GSM):
Handover Control International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 12 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 13
UMTS MS can operate in one of these three modes: UMTS IC card has same physical characteristics as
PS/CS mode of operation: The MS is attached to both the PS GSM SIM card. Its functions are:
domain and CS domain, and the MS is capable of simultaneously Support of one User Service Identity Module (USIM)
operating PS services and CS services. application (optionally more than one).
Support of one or more user profiles on the USIM.
PS mode of operation: The MS is attached to the PS domain only
and may only operate services of the PS domain. However, this Update USIM specific information over the air.
does not prevent CS-like services to be offered over the PS Security functions.
domain (like VoIP). User authentication.
Optional inclusion of payment methods.
CS mode of operation: The MS is attached to the CS domain only
Optional secure downloading of new applications.
and may only operate services of the CS domain.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 14 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 15
UMTS Specifications: UMTS Specifications:
Data Transfer Rates (1) Data Transfer Rates (2)
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 16 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 17
UMTS devices are highly portable and can roam easily onto other
Early 3G handsets and modems were specific UMTS networks.
to the frequencies required in their country,
therefore having limited roaming capability. In addition, almost all UMTS phones are UMTS/GSM dual-mode
devices. So, if a UMTS phone travels outside of UMTS coverage
There are almost no 3G phones/modems available supporting all 3G during a call, the call may be transparently handed off to available
frequencies UMTS850/900/1700/1900/2100MHz). GSM coverage.
However, many phones are offering more than one band, which still There are now 11 different frequency combinations used around the
enables extensive roaming. worldincluding frequencies formerly used solely for 2G services.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 18 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 19
UMTS QoS Classes Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO)
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 20 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 21
It uses CDMA as well as TDMA to maximize both A significant advantage of EVDO over competing
individual user's throughput and the overall system technologies is that it uses the same broadcasting
throughput. frequencies as existing CDMA networks.
Since purchasing spectrum is extremely expensive, this
It is standardized by 3GPP2 as part of the CDMA2000 brings down the cost of building and using new networks.
family of standards and initially developed by Qualcomm. The major EVDO deployments are in the US and Korea.
EVDO has not made significant impact in Europe or
An EVDO channel has a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz. other major Asian markets, and WCDMA is the 3G
standard of choice in those regions.
EVDO has a theoretical throughput of 2.4 Mbps.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 22 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 23
EVDO: Forward Link Channel EVDO: Forward Link Channel
Structure Structure
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 24 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 25
6 614.4 1 1024 1/3 QPSK -0.6 HSDPA is specified in 3GPP Release 5 whereas
7 614.4 2 2048 1/3 QPSK -0.8 enchanced UL is specified in 3GPP Release 6 and has
8 921.6 2 3072 1/3 8-PSK 1.8 been extended with additional transport and control
9 1228.8 1 2048 2/3 QPSK 3.7 channels.
10 1228.8 2 4096 1/3 16-QAM 3.8
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 28 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 29
[3]
Schedule users with favorable radio conditions.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 30 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 31
Long Term Evolution Overview(1) LTE Overview (2)
Long Term Evolution (LTE) project initiated in LTE improves spectral efficiency.
2004. Lowers the costs while improving services.
Makes use of new spectrum and refarmed spectrum
Focused on enhancing the Universal Terrestrial opportunities.
Radio Access (UTRA) and optimizing 3GPPs radio access Has better integration with other open standards.
architecture. The architecture that will result from this work is
called Evolved Packet System and comprises Evolved-
LTE aims to provide 100 Mbps DL and 50 Mbps UL which
UTRAN on the access side and Evolved Packet Core on
are 3-4 times as much compared to HSDPA and HSUPA the core side.
with less than 10 ms roundtrip time. EPC is also known as SAE (System Architecture
Evolution) and E-UTRAN is also known as LTE.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 32 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 33
The main advantages of LTE: Peak download rates of 326.4 Mbps for 4x4 antennas, 172.8 Mbps
High throughput.
for 2x2 antennas for every 20 MHz of spectrum.
Low latency.
Peak upload rates of 86.4 Mbps for every 20 MHz of spectrum.
Plug and play from day one.
5 different terminal classes have been defined from a voice centric
class up to a high end terminal that supports the peak data rates.
FDD and TDD in the same platform.
All terminal will be able to process 20 MHz bandwidth.
Superior end-user experience and simple architecture resulting
in low Operating Expenditures (OPEX). Supports at least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell.
LTE will also support seamless connection to existing networks,
Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets: Increased spectrum
such as GSM, CDMA, and WCDMA. flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.5 MHz (and as large as
20 MHz) supported.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 34 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 35
Current State of LTE Standard (2) LTE Air Interface
Optimal cell size of 5 km. The proposed E-UTRA system:
30 km sizes with reasonable performance. Uses OFDMA for the downlink.
Up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for the uplink.
performance. Co-existence with legacy standards . Supported modulation formats on the DL and UL data channels
Supports MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency are QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM.
Network). This feature can deliver services such as Mobile Employs MIMO with up to four antennas per station.
TV using the LTE infrastructure, and is a competitor for The channel coding scheme for transport blocks is turbo coding
DVB-H based TV broadcast. and a contention-free quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP)
turbo code internal interleaver.
PU2RC as a practical solution for MU-MIMO has been
adopted for use in 3GPP LTE standard.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 36 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 37
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 38 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 39
LTE Advanced Proposals (1) LTE Advanced Proposals (2)
LTE Advanced Standardization Proposal Subjects: Cognitive Radio.
Various concepts for Relay Nodes.
UE Dual TX antenna solutions for SU-MIMO Automatic and autonomous network configuration and operation.
and diversity MIMO.
Scalable system bandwidth exceeding 20 MHz, potentially up to Enhanced precoding and forward error correction.
100MHz.
Local area optimization of air interface. Interference management and suppression.
Nomadic / Local Area network and
mobility solutions. [3] Asymmetric bandwidth assignment for FDD.
Flexible Spectrum Usage.
Hybrid OFDMA and SC-FDMA in uplink.
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 40 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 41
CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 42 CMPE 591 - Broadband Wireless Networks 43
References
[1] Leino,A. (Feb 1999). UMTS/IMT-2000 spectrum.
Telecommunications, 23(2), 35-43.
[2] http://www.umtsworld.com/
[3]http://www.ericsson.com/technology/whitepapers/3087_basic_con
c_hspa_a.pdf
[4] http://gigaom.com/2008/03/05/a-little-4g-sibling-rivalry/
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS
[6] http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-evdo.htm
[7] http://www.3gpp.org/Highlights/LTE/LTE.htm
[8] http://hspa.gsmworld.com/about-hspa/default.asp