International Journal of Control and Automation

Vol. 7, No. 1 (2014)

Foreword and Editorial

International Journal of Control and Automation

We are very happy to publish this issue of an International Journal of Control and
Automation by Science and Engineering Research Support soCiety.

This issue contains 39 articles. Achieving such a high quality of papers would have been
impossible without the huge work that was undertaken by the Editorial Board members and
External Reviewers. We take this opportunity to thank them for their great support and
cooperation.

The paper Research on Expert System for Fault Diagnosis of Subsea Blowout Preventer
developed an expert system for fault diagnosis of subsea blowout preventer (BOP).
According to the expert knowledge, common faults could be diagnosed and the system will
be enlarged with the increasing knowledge. Fault tree analysis method is used to extract the
fault diagnosis information. By this way, the layers of faults and the logical relationship
among them can be shown clearly. Production rules are employed to represent the knowledge
extracted from layers of fault trees. Its convenient and easy to understand that the knowledge
is connected together through its logic. The developed interfaces are friendly and easy to
operate and the users can learn to use the system according to the one by one prompt and
query the failure causes easily.

In the paper Generalized Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique for Cascaded
Multilevel Inverters, a generalized space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method
is proposed for cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. An explicit modulation function
expression of the generalized SVPWM method is established for a single-stage cascaded
inverter. Various continuous SVPWM and discontinuous PWM methods are obtained easily
by changing the zero vector distribution coefficients. The generalized SVPWM method for
cascaded multilevel inverters is achieved via the carrier phase shift strategy. A simple digital
realization method for the generalized SVPWM is also proposed. By using this method,
complex trigonometric function calculations, coordinate transformations, space vector
selections, and duration time calculations are avoided.

The paper Application of Ultrasonic and Fuzzy Logic to Determine Fruit Maturity Level
focus on the next usage of ultrasonic and fuzzy logic to determine fruit maturity level.
Reflection of ultrasonic with different frequency are used to measure water content and fruit
texture in other side fuzzy logic are used to determine the fruit maturity level depend on water
content and fruit texture.

The paper Study of Medium Voltage Electric Bridge Set of the Underground Coal Mine
is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology, which is the
core technology of the coal mine medium voltage electric bridge set. And to reduce the high
peak-to-average power ratio arising from the OFDM signal and to strengthen the timeliness
and accuracy of communication, it puts forward a real-valued genetic improvement of Partial
Transmit Sequences Algorithm (RVGA-PTS) and the Timing Synchronization Algorithm

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which is based on SC algorithm. Finally, it completes the preliminary design of hardware

system for the medium voltage electric bridge set.

Paper Simulation and Experimental Studies of Speed Sensorless Control of Permanent

Magnet Synchronous Motors for Mine Electric Locomotive Drive presents a novel
sensorless control method of permanent magnet synchronous motors at standstill and low
speed based on a low-frequency current signal injection. The approach superimposes a
persistent LF current signal into the estimated d-axis to get the rotor position error angle-
related signal by detecting the corresponding voltage response and current response. Then the
rotor position and motor speed are obtained. Theoretical analysis and simulation results
demonstrate that the approach can achieve sensorless control of permanent magnet
synchronous motors at zero and low speed, ensure good dynamic and static performances,
and achieve effective control when applied to servo system. Finally, a test prototype system
which used a digital signal processor and space vector pulse width modulation technology has
been developed.

The paper Deadline Aware Hybrid Data Forwarding Scheme in Delay Tolerant
Networks states that even though long delay is permitted in Delay Tolerant Networks
(DTNs), some applications explicitly demand an upper bound imposed on message delivery
delay for the application specific purpose. Despite some researcher have proposed to meet
new requirement, their approaches have weakness in the point of implementation since
infinite buffer space on a node or the knowledge prior the moment regarding mobility and
connectivity are assumed. To remove dependency on buffer and mobility pattern for bounded
delay, Authors propose how to extend the epidemic routing protocol through delay estimation
with inter meeting times record. Moreover, utility based forwarding to decide the adequate
next hop while preserving an upper bound imposed on message delivery delay is introduced.

The paper Research and Development on the Fault Diagnosis System of Automatic
Production Line Based on PROFIBUS deals with the YL-221 automatic production line
which is complex in structure, low in utilization and hard to maintain, which makes it
unsuitable for teaching. So a fault diagnosis system based on PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus)
on the basis of original device is developed. This paper firstly introduces the structure and
working principle of the automatic production line, determines the common fault points of the
slave station with the blanking station being the example and then employs the PLC and
touch screen technology to design and develop fault setting and diagnostic devices of the
slave station to meet the working requirements of setting faults in touch screen and
monitoring the operation condition. Ultimately, a centralized control on the whole system and
distributed control on field devices based on the PROFIBUS bus technology is realized. Real-
time data monitoring is made through WINCC interface on the host computer.

In the paper QRS Characteristic Waveform Extraction Based on Biorthogonal B-spline

wavelet, in order to solve the problems of occasional occurrence algorithm of negative R
waves and misdetection and false detection of irregular R waves, compensates for the
misdetection and false detection of R waves is introduced to detect QRS waves using
quadratic biorthogonal B-spline wavelet transform, the correspondence relationship between
signal singular points and zero-crossing points is analyzed by Mallat algorithm from the
perspectives of modulus maxima of signals on different scales and Lipschitz exponent, QRS
waves are obtained. Finally, this paper employed Matlab to extract the QRS characteristic
waveforms of ECG signals from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database.

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The paper Personification of a Cat Robot Design for Early Treatment of Children with
Developmental Disorders states that a study on an animal shaped robot that has an animal-
assisted therapy effect on early treatment for children with developmental disorders and has
no dangerous elements of infection or allergy, like a real animal, has been started since the
late 90s. A cat is selected as the object animal of the robot for early treatment of children with
developmental disorders, according to the result of their preference research. For making the
cat robot more efficient on the therapeutic value, personification must be applied.
Personification which reflects the image of an animal or a man on the shape of a robot, makes
a man accept a robot as more familiar, and makes it easier to convey a character of a robot to
a man through the outward appearance or movements. Therefore, the personification method
of a cat robot is researched through prior theses and literatures.

The Authors of Maximum Power Point Tracking from a Wind Turbine Emulator Using a
DC-DC Converter Controlled discusses that development and utilization of wind energy has
become an important part of world sustainable energy development strategy. A control
method realizing maximum power point tracking of wind turbine through adjusting the load
characteristics was proposed in this article. The power management system based on DC/DC
convertors was designed. The maximum power point tracker (MPPT) extracts maximum
power from the wind turbine from cut-in to rated wind velocity by sensing only dc link power.

In the paper Performance Assessment Methods of MIMO Control Systems based on

Output Variance Limit, performance assessment methods of multivariable control system
subject to piecewise constant time varying disturbance dynamics has been studied. The
problem appeared on most industrial controllers are linear time invariant (LTI) while the
process are often time varying. Take a series of disturbance dynamics that can be modelled by
piecewise linear disturbance models, namely piecewise linear time varying (LTV) disturbance
dynamics. The problem is formulated as searching for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO)
benchmark control. In the paper, a method, which is based on output variance limit, is
proposed to assess the performance of MIMO control system. A weighted performance index
is constructed through dividing time varying disturbance in to three types of constant
disturbance. The upper and lower limits of the output variance would be determined by a
special principle, and then Integral of time-weighted absolute value of the error (ITAE) would
be used to optimize the parameters of controller and give the feasible controller model. The
results show that the method is simple and available in practical application.

The paper Issues in Realization of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks states that recently,
significant growth in the applications of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operating in
unlicensed spectrum bands has been made. In the meantime, existing unlicensed bands are
becoming congested and overcrowded. On the other hand, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology
has been proposed as the key technology for future wireless communication that exploits
dynamic spectrum access strategies. Since this offers more flexible way to utilize the wireless
spectrum than traditional radio technology based on a fixed spectrum access policy, it is
thought that the key feature of cognitive radio, i.e., dynamic spectrum access can be applied
in WSNs to access the underutilized spectrum bands to transmit their readings in an
opportunistic manner to the next hops and finally to the sink. In cognitive radio sensor
networks (CRSNs), obtaining the information about spectrum holes on channel, negotiating
among primary users and secondary users for spectrum allocation, synchronizing
transmission parameters are the important functions of CR medium access control protocols.

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This paper mainly focus on investigating the major issues to be considered with the existing
communication protocols and algorithms devised while realizing the cognitive capability into
wireless sensor networks.

The paper A Novel Hierarchical Multi-Agent Architecture for Automatic Restoration of

Smart Grids proposes a novel hierarchical multi-agent architecture for the automatic fault
detection and restoration of smart grids based on traditional power transmission systems that
are composed of a lot of electric substations (ESs). Each agent is associated with an ES to
control the ES. If a fault occurs in the input lines of an ES, the agent corresponding to the ES
can automatically detect the fault and choose a solution from other agents. The ES of the
chosen agent can supply power to the faulty ES by closing a corresponding electric switch
and then the fault is restored. Furthermore, a coordination protocol is proposed to allow the
fault restoration.

In the paper A New Combination Prediction Model for Short-Term Wind Farm Output
Power Based on Meteorological Data Collected by WSN, the prediction of wind farm output
power is considered as an effective way to increase the wind power capacity and improve the
safety and economy of power system. It is one of the hot research topics on wind power. The
wind farm output power is related to many factors such as wind speed, temperature, etc.,
which is difficult to be described by some mathematical expression. In this paper, Back
Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm is respectively combined with genetic algorithm
(GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to establish the combination prediction model of
the short-term wind farm output power based on meteorological data collected by Wireless
Sensor Network (WSN). The meteorological data is used to determine the input variables of
the BP neural network. Meanwhile, the GA and the PSO is respectively used to adjust the
value of BP's connection weight and threshold dynamically. Then the trained GA-BP and
PSO-BP neural network are used to predict the wind power by combination method.

The Authors of Research on C5.0 Algorithm Improvement and the Test in Lightning
Disaster Statistics states that after analysis the importance of continuous attributes in the
C5.0 algorithm processing, and consider the shortcomings of discretization method of C5
algorithm, this paper proposes a new method based on Rough set theory- information
entropy- discernible matrix discretization (RSIEDM). The method uses rough, information
entropy and Discernible matrix that can be more reasonable and more accurately to
continuously attribute discretization, and making created decision tree have better accuracy.

The paper New Ternary Data Encoding for Delay-Insensitive Asynchronous Design
discusses that a conventional B-ternary logic for an asynchronous design has many drawbacks,
most notably its incomplete truth table of the basic logic gates. This paper presents a new
asynchronous ternary logics based on a new data-encoding scheme. The main aim of this
research is to provide the flawless truth table for varying logic gates. The asynchronous
circuit employing these logics uses two-rail logic for two data bits. It can reduce the number
of wire by half comparing to the dual-rail or 1-of-4 data encoding.

In the paper Resource Allocation of Large Scale Engineering Based on Optimal Control
Theory, it is the common issue for all of countries that lots of safety risk accidents happen in
large scale engineering projects. To save cost, generally, no enough resource is booked, or not
very qualified resource is selected, which is one of the import safety risk factors in large scale
engineering projects. But less scientific strategies are available to balance between safety risk

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values and safety risk investment. In the large scale engineer safety risk management filed,
currently most of methods are qualitative, so it is a hot and difficult topic that constructs a
quantitative model for practical problems, especially based on optimal control theory. This
paper take both advantages of maximum principle and dynamic programming to solve the
large scale engineering project safety risk issues caused by resource numbers and resource
quality.

The paper Simulation and Realization of Linear Insects Different Movement

Forms Radar Echo Model Based On Point Target states that in allusion to the importance of
insects movement forms detection, this paper puts forward an linear insects movement
forms detection method using Micro-Doppler radar. This paper have a point model
classification on linear insects body and get the vibration characteristics of each model point
in different movement forms through experiments. It combines with Doppler echo equations
of point model vibration, and builds the linear insects Doppler echo model. This paper detect
different movement forms of tenebrio molitor in larva period with real-time Doppler radar
data acquisition system, compare the movement echo time-frequency diagram of different
movement forms obtained by STFT with the simulation. It aims to verify the rationality of
building the linear model of the insects using model points and the feasibility of applying the
Micro-Doppler to the real-time detection of insect movement forms.

The Authors of Scheme using SINR for Performance Improvement of CR discusses that
Cognitive Radio is continually studied by many engineers and researchers. However, it
doesnt still get an optimal standard proposal and technical skill. This paper deals with just
partial face in that field and suggest the proposed device but it doesnt state specific and
physical things.

The paper Recursive Coarse-to-Fine Localization for Fast Object Detection deals with
Sliding window (SW) technique which is one of common paradigms employed for object
detection. However, the computational cost of this approach is so expensive because the
detection window is scanned at all possible positions and scales. To overcome this problem,
Authors proposed a compact feature together with fast recursive coarse-to-fine object
localization strategy.

Paper Scheduling Analysis of Failure-aware VM in Cloud System states that Clouds

focus on flexibility and on-demand provisioning of virtualized resources, which allow users
to scale up and down the usage of resources according to their needs. These characteristics
give rise to more challenges for resource allocation in cloud system. The optimization of
virtual machines (VMs) allocation and the minimization of time and infrastructure cost are
still needed to be improved. Meanwhile, failure-aware VMs rescheduling and allocation is
another key point to be considered. This paper focuses on the resource failures and presents
efficient VMs scheduling mechanisms and policies which try to keep the trade off between
system performance and QoS.

The paper An DDS based Architecture in Supporting of Data Centric Wireless Sensor
Network Environments states that wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of
the most promising technology to provide a wide variety of industrial applications. However,
it is still failing to respond in a timely fashion service. In contrast to existing studies, we
propose a more practical standard known as Data Distribution Service (DDS), as a
middleware standard for interoperable Data Centric Publish-Subscribe (DCPS) architecture

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with real-time data distribution capabilities, and a candidate for standards based realizations
of equally data centric WSN environments. This paper aims to evaluate on customized design
features for real-time WSNs of an applicable and supportive architecture of DDS-based
middleware.

The Paper The Research and Design of Industrial Robot Introduced into Pint-sized Robot
Teaching states that the application of industrial robots is an important symbol of a nation's
industrial automation level. While domestic universities robot teaching is mostly on pint-sized
robot. This paper introduces how combine the pint-sized robot teaching with the industrial
robot practical operation. Through the pint-sized robot simulating industrial robot, realizing
the manipulator operation, the student further to get more knowledge, learn the method to
analyze and solve problems, and get effectively training and all-round development in
innovation ability.

Paper Research on Compartment Positioning Algorithm for the Intelligent Sampling

Control System proposes a new algorithm to position the area of a trucks compartment in
images for the intelligent sampling control system. The goal is to identify a trucks
compartment and assure that some works are done inside it.

In the paper 3D Image and Sound Control Method for User-Perceived 3D Feeling and
Functional Game Optimization, functional games are games that combine play and study
together, and this genre is consolidating its position as a new alternative that has the potential
to transform the industry. To optimize 3D multi-dimensional functional games benefits, this
paper presents an analysis of the level of 3D feel perceived by users regarding 3D depth level,
distance and location. Moreover, to ensure the optimization of the users concentration levels
and engagement with the games themselves, this paper proposes a system that provides sound
effects that incorporate ultrasonic waves auxiliary sounds to be integrated with traditional
sound effects.

In the paper of Products Extension Adaptive Design Based on Case Reuse, in view of the
limit of mechanical products adaptive design in aspects of case representation, retrieval and
modification, the representation and reuse technique of knowledge are studied. There are
different importance of matter-element in different design stage, so a kind of similarity
calculation method which based on the extension of weighted matter-element is put forward.
The product design not only have functional requirements but also structural requirements, so
the solving method about incompatible problems and opposite problems in extenics is
introduced, a model of products extension adaptive design which based on case reuse is
established.

The paper Parameters Design and Control Strategy of Cascade STATCOM Based on LCL
Filter deals with frequency controlling technique applied to the coal mine electromechanical
equipments results in the absence of reactive power and harmonics pollution, which brings
hidden troubles to power net in coal mine. Considering electromechanical equipment's safe
and economic operation, this study opened with the mathematical model and parameters
design of cascade STATCOM based on LCL filter. Then a low-pass filter time delay link and
a PI controller were adopted for ensuring high dynamic response and low-frequency stable
accuracy of the inner current loop.

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Paper Auto-Exposure Control Method for a Stereo Camera Robust to Brightness

Variation proposes an AE (Auto-Exposure) control method for stereo cameras. Image
processing has a problem that it shows different performance depending on brightness values
even with the same image processing algorithm. Auto-exposure control solves this problem
by maintaining the brightness value of the acquired image. If preprocessing maintains the
brightness value of the acquired image in a stereo camera, the performance of the image-
processing algorithm becomes more stable. Traditional Auto-exposure control methods
change the average brightness value of the image to attain the desired brightness value.
However, this method is a disadvantageous in that it responds sensitively to exterior lighting
sources and incurs low resource efficiency. The proposed method uses Gaussian sampling,
with more sampling in the center region such that the sensitivity to light from exterior areas
decreases and the resource efficiency improves.

The paper Bridge Health Evaluation System based on the Optimal BP Neural Network
states that neural network has strong ability of pattern recognition. In consideration of the
problems of the traditional pure BP neural network, such as subjecting to the randomness of
initial weights, slow convergence speed, low efficiency, easy to fall into local extreme value,
this paper proposed an optimal BP network fusing with the genetic algorithm using in bridge
health assessment.

In the paper Real-time Simulation Experiment Platform for Braking Pressure of Vehicle
Based on xPC Target, for the issue of being difficult to carry out various experiments of
vehicle braking systems, a real-time simulation platform which is an vehicle braking pressure
based on xPC Target is proposed. In the design of platform, the method is studied through
writing CS-function driver development. Under MATLAB RTW, the problems of hardware
simulation in the loop to support I/O device is resolved in xPC Target toolbox. Upon the
analysis of the basic principles and structure of the driver, the solution to the key issues such
as register operation and base seeking address are studied. And PCI-1710 driver is developed.

The Author of Hardware/Software Partitioning of Combination of Clustering Algorithm

and Genetic Algorithm discusses that as to the embedded system of multi-tasks, this paper
proposes a hardware/software partitioning algorithm based on Clustering algorithm using
reference and density and Genetic algorithm. The algorithm uses reference task to reflect
attribute of system task node, and firstly finish classification of task nodes to decrease the
scale of the system, and then partitions hardware/software based on genetic algorithm.

Paper Robust Cohen-Coon PID Controller for Flexibility of Double Link Manipulator
states that robots are imitation for the present generation human beings. There is huge change
in between robot and human beings where differentiated by their mind, intellectual
capabilities. Generally Manipulator is an important parameter in robots construction and
flexible operation, nothing but robotic arm. This paper proposed a specially designed
Controller for the flexible operation of the manipulator is nothing but Cohen-Coon PID
Controller. The proposed PID Controller drives to get flexibility in operation of double link
manipulator. The entire topology has been studied, investigated, modeled and simulated on
double link manipulator only.

The Authors of Electric Field Structure Analysis and Experimentation of Needle-plate

Type Electrospinning Machine presents a discussion that the electrospinning technique is
currently one of the most important methods for preparing nanofiber. It is important and

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essential to analyze the distribution of electric field in electrospinning machine. The electric
fields distribution in the typical electrospinning device was calculated and analyzed based on
finite element calculation theory of electric field. The electric field is optimized by the
optimization of the structure parameters, and a set of optimal sequence is got.

The paper The Numerical Simulation of Equivalent Static Pressures Distribution for the
Aircraft Tire Burst Jets Based on MATLAB states that the dynamic pressures at a distance
of 500mm away from the spout for the aircraft tire burst jets were measured in the aircraft
main landing gear. The dynamic pressures were treated for equivalent static pressures while
the distributions of the equivalent static pressures were simulated by linear and cubic spline
interpolation functions based on MATLAB software.

In the paper A Study on Detection Techniques of XML Rewriting Attacks in Web

Services, making Web Services secure means making SOAP messages secure and keeping
them secure wherever they go. Several security standards of Web Service Security (WS-
Security), such as XML Digital Signature, are used to secure SOAP messages exchange in
Web Service environment. However, the content of a SOAP message, protected with XML
Digital Signature, can be changed without invalidating the signature. This paper presents a
study on detection techniques of XML Rewriting attacks in Web Services.

The Authors of Research on the Railroad Bridge Monitoring Platform Based on the
Internet of Things discusses that as Railroad Bridge is one of the most important
infrastructures of railway, the safety of bridge has a direct effect on railway operation
efficiency and safety. This paper proposed a distributed railway bridge monitoring platform
based on the Internet of Things (IOT) to monitoring the state of bridge safety.

The paper Intelligent Controller Design for a Blowdown Supersonic Wind Tunnel
discusses that, first, the nonlinear mathematical model of special Blowdown Supersonic Wind
Tunnel (BSWT) consisting of a set of ordinary differential and algebraic equations is
developed in Matlab/Simulink software environment. At the second step, an Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) is used for finding the optimum membership functions of the Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) system. This method can help for reasonable system recognition. In this step,
by designing and training a feed-forward multilayer perceptron neural network according to
the available database which is generated from mathematical model; a number of different
reasonable functions for Valve Opening Angle (VOA) in various test conditions are
determined. These functions are used to define the desired VOA fuzzy Membership Functions
(MFs). Next, a Proportional-Derivative FLC (PD-FLC) system is developed in the Simulink
toolbox to control a relationship between the stagnation pressure and the temperature in the
plenum chamber, which presents the Reynolds number in the test section.

In the paper 64 Bands Hybrid Noise Reduction and Feedback Cancellation Algorithm for
Hearing Aid, both chronic problems of hearing aid have been solved by a probabilistic signal
processing algorithm. The algorithm was implemented into a low and single voltage and low
power DSP IC chip which can be used as a hybrid of the hearing aid. Both simulated and
experimented results show clear noise reduction as well as feedback cancellation.

The paper Satellite Attitude Tracking for Earth Pushbroom Imaginary with Forward
Motion Compensation invesitgated different control methods for an earth observation
satellite with push broom imaging. In pushbroom Imaging scan method, the satellite should

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be able to follow a certain path. Forward Motion Control method has been used to improve
image quality. Due to the need for fine pointing and mild attitude maneuvers, reaction wheels
are chosen as the control actuator. In this paper, PID, Fuzzy and extended LQR controllers is
designed for a nonlinear model of a satellite.

January 2014

Adrian Stoica, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA

Editor of the January Issue on

International Journal of Control and Automation

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