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Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53
48 The Identification of Internal and External Faults for800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using
Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis
Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53
The Identification of Internal and External Faults for800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using 49
Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis
4
paper Wavelet is used to classify the internal fault and
the external fault.
3 MRA (Multi-Resolution Analysis) utilizes DWT as a
2
tool to represent a time varying signal in terms of
frequency components. In MRA the original signal is
1
f/Hz
decomposed into several other signals with different
0
scale of resolution.
531 1062 3125 6250 12500 20000
The decomposition of signal g(t) is in terms of
Figure 5. A Frequency scanning of closed-loop boundary element scaling function and wavelet function, which can be
Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53
50 The Identification of Internal and External Faults for800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using
Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis
0(0)
160
N N N N
140 E 1 = d 1 (k ) + d 2 (k ) + d 3 (k ) + d 4 (k ) (6)
K =1 K =1 K =1 K =1
120 Where d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , d 4 is the detailed version(high
Inverter side of the trigger delay angleinv
100 frequency components) and the frequency is 3.125kHz-
25kHz.N=500. E 1 is the energy of high frequency.
80
Constant current control of the trigger angle N
60 of lead inv E 4 = a 4 (k )
Set off the trigger an gle of lead angle K =1
40 inv
Where a 4 is the approximation version (low frequency
20 t/ms
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 components) E 2 is the energy of low frequency.
Figure 7. The control system transient response in the inverter side Kq = E 1 / E 4
B. Commutation Failure
Pu Commutation failure is one of the common faults in
1.8 HVDC system. It will lead the DC voltage decreasing and
1.6
current increasing at the same time. If taking wrong
measure, the continual commutation failure will take
1.4 the reality value place [7].
When the three phase short circuit fault or single-phase
1.2
ground fault occurs on the inverter side, the bus voltage
1 and current of the three-phase AC system will soon
decrease and increase, respectively. These sudden
0.8 changes may lead to commutation failure. One example is
the setting value given here to illustrate the result of the commutation
0.6
failure.
0.4 t/ms
15 35 55 75 95 115 135
C. Lightning Strokes
Lightning can sometimes cause similar transient
Figure 8. The control system transient response in the rectification behaviors as line faults. Three types of lightning strokes
side are considered here(lighting strikes the tower causing
back-flashover, lightning strikes the tower without
back-flashover, and lightning strikes directly on the
expressed as: line).The lighting stroke is represented by a current
j 1 source of negative polarity.
g (t ) = c j (t k ) + d j (k )2 j 2 ( 2 j t k ) (4) A standard 1.2/50 waveform is used in this paper,
j =0
k k
where 1.2s and 50s represent the rise time and fall
Where the detailed version (high frequency time of the waveform.
components) of the decomposed signal is generated by
the wavelet function wavelet function and the
approximation version (low frequency components) of
the decomposed signal is generated by the scaling u/kV
function . 800
Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53
The Identification of Internal and External Faults for800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using 51
Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis
u/kV
1800 k>2 , the internal fault
1600
k 2 , the external faul
1400 CONCLUSIONS
1200 A novel boundary protection algorithm based on
the smoothing reactor and DC filter between the rectifier
1000 and the direct current line to form a boundary which
presents the stop-band characteristic to the high
800
frequency transient voltage signals is proposed in this
600 paper. Wavelet transform is used for extracting fault
transient information and MRA (Multi-Resolution
400
t/s Analysis) is used to distinguish internal faults from the
0.499 0.5 0.501 0.502 0.503 0.504 0.505 0.506 external faults. A The different factors that affect the
performance of protection algorithms are considered,
such as transients caused by HVDC control system,
Figure 10. Internal fault
lightning strokes, high ground fault resistance and the
effect of noise. Traveling wave protection is not subject
SIMULATION RESULT
to the control system; first instant when the fault after
u/kV fault after fault transient process into the control system
1800 begins to function. Can be seen, the process is a transient
response and control of transient system, the response of
1600 the superposition of two physical processes, ultimately
1400 resulting in lower DC voltage level, this is
conducive to DC low voltage protection. After 50 ~
1200 60ms, the two sides of the fault current is equal to the
1000
respective constant current controller, respectively, the
setting value, the difference is equal to 0.1pu. The role of
800 the control system, making the final two races of the
current difference is relatively small, to a certain extent,
600
limit the value differential protection criterion for the size
400 t/s of the whole, and thus can not effectively identify the
0.499 0.5 0.501 0.502 0.503 0.504 0.505 0.506 fault outside the AC side.
The proposed algorithm shows satisfactory
performance under various conditions.
Figure 11. External fault
2000
1000
a4
Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53
52 The Identification of Internal and External Faults for800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using
Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis
Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53
The Identification of Internal and External Faults for800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using 53
Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis
TABLE II.
RESULT OF SIMULATION
Fault Ground resistance
Fault distance
type
(km) 0.1 100
Copyright 2011 MECS I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53