Eia Report

Executive Summary
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex, October
Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta, Sindh 2013
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Project proponent Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim (FFBL) associated with the proposed project according to the
intends to build a Halal Slaughterhouse and Meat Pakistan IEE and EIA Review Regulations 2000 and
Complex in Tehsil Mirpur Sakhro, district Thatta, international environmental guidelines, such as those of
province Sindh. The project will encompass a modern the World Bank and IFC. Chapter 2 outlines the
state-of-the-art halal meat slaughtering facility with the applicable statutory environmental requirements and
objective of processing high quality meat, value added guidelines.
products and by-products with special focus on
The specic objectives of this EIA are to:
international markets i.e. UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain,
Kuwait, Malaysia and Iran along with domestic market. Assess the existing conditions in the project area and
The facility will be capable to process meat of cattle, develop a baseline of its current environmental and
sheep and goat. socioeconomic conditions;
This EIA has been prepared to conform with the Assess the proposed activities of the project to
requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection identify their potential impact, evaluate these effects,
Act 1997 (PEPA), the Pakistan Initial Environmental and determine their significance;
Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Propose appropriate mitigation and monitoring
Assessment (EIA) Review Regulations 2000 and the
measures that can be incorporated into the projects
guidelines provided in the Pakistan Environmental
design to remove or reduce negative impact as far
Assessment Procedures, 1997.
as possible, and to control and monitor any residual
FFBL has involved SGS Pakistan (Private) Limited to impact (i.e. the effects that remain after mitigation
undertake the required assessment. This report presents measures are implemented);
the EIA process and its findings, project alternatives,
Prepare an EIA report for submittal to Sindh
project impacts, and mitigation measures to be
Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA).
implemented during the execution of the proposed
activities. Environmental and Socio-Economical Baseline Studies
Assessment Methodology The project area is defined as the areas where the project
related activities to be carried, include the proposed
This study has been conducted using standard
project site and surroundings and the areas that can
environmental assessment methodology, in accordance
interact with various aspects of the project. The
with national and international environmental
environmental impact of any activity or process is
guidelines. The study evaluates the proposed project
assessed on the basis of a deviation from the baseline or
according to the environmental assessment
normal situation. Following are the main components of
requirements of the Pakistan Initial Environmental
the baseline:
Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Review Regulations 2000. In addition, Physical Environment
the environmental international guidelines such as the
World Bank environmental guidelines, Equator Biological Environment
Principles, International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Socioeconomic Environment
guidelines and international best available practices
have been consulted. The baseline data on above components were collected
Project Location through desk-top surveys, literature review; field
surveys; existing information sources and data purchase.
The proposed project is located in district Thatta, taluqa
Meetings and data gathering from various organizations
Mirpur Sakro and UC Dhabeji. FFBL existing fertilizer
including, but not limited to:
plant is approximately 7km away from the proposed
project location. The halal slaughterhouse and meat District Government
complex covers an area of about 20.45 Acres. A key map
showing the location of the project area is shown in Union Council Dhabeji
Figure ES 0.1.
Sindh Wildlife Department
Purpose and Scope of the Study
The purpose of this EIA is to evaluate the activities Sindh Livestock and Fisheries Department
Executive Summary 01
Figure ES 0.1: Project Location
National Rural Support Program (NRSP) form of wells and aquifers exist in Taluqa Mirpur Sakhro
union council Dhabeji in Thatta district. But the normal
IUCN Pakistan depth of ground water in the project area is
WWF Pakistan approximately 80 -100ft.
Climatology and Meteorology
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The climate of the project area can be broadly classified
as arid, moderate, hot and humid climate typical of
Physical Features, Topography, Geology
subtropical coastal areas under the influence of
The proposed project corridor mainly comprises of monsoons. The mild winter is restricted to the
district Thatta Taluqa Mirpur Sakro and Union Council December-February period. The summer extends from
(UC) Dhabeji and moreover it is one kilometre away April to September, which overlaps the short spells of
from Malir district of Sindh province. The project site the main rainy season during July-August. The weather
lies close to Gagar Phatak along the N-5 National tends to be very humid during May-June and September
Highway towards Thatta district. and pleasant during the periods of July to August and
The proposed project area can be divided into five zones November to March. Last five years metrological data of
on the basis of topographical features i.e. ridge and the project area was collected to evaluate the trend of the
runnel upland in Sindh Kohistan, colluvial fans and project area climate.
plains of Gadap, plains of Moidan and Gadap, plains Natural Disasters
and plateaus of Malir-Lyari interfluous, plains and hills The area of Dhabeji District Thatta Tehsil Mirpur Sakhru
of the coastal belt and project site is forty meters above comes under low seismicity zones, as per classification
sea level. The ridge and runnel upland in Sindh of National Disaster Risk Management Department
Kohistan is the sector of rugged topography in the north (NDRM). So the project area is under low seismicity
of Malir district that is spread over the width of an zone.
offshoot branch of Kirthar range. The project area has
minor drainage risk which indicates the geological It was concluded from the primary stakeholder
characteristic having rocky base altering layers of consultation and past flood data review that the project
consolidated sandstones interventional by silt and clay area has never been affected from the flood hazards.
belts.
Environmental Baseline Monitoring
Soil Characteristics of Project Area In order to assess the baseline conditions of the project
The physical soil characteristics of project site area, following environmental components were
investigated by geotechnical study at 10 meter depth monitored;
showed that the soil was yellowish brown, very dense,
silty fine to coarse grained with some gravels and silty 1. Ambient air quality monitoring,
clay.
2. Noise monitoring,
Hydrology of Project Area
3. Soil sampling and analysis,
There are plenty of surface water resources in the project
corridor which is situated on the right bank of river 4. Water sampling and analysis.
Indus in Thatta district, in the form of rivers, canals,
streams and wetlands. Large amount of these water Environmental baseline monitoring was conducted at
resources are used for agricultural in Thatta district; different locations of the project site.
whereas its viable volume is used for drinking purposes.
Ambient Air Quality: Project site lies in rural area of
Project corridor bordering Thatta in Right Bank Outfall
Dhabeji adjacent to N-5 National Highway towards
Drain (RBOD) is out of magnificent deltaic regions
Thatta district. There is no industrial pollution source in
because the old branch of Indus which ran through
the vicinity of project site as there are only rice godown
Gharo Creek is silted up and now is only represented by
(storage) and agriculture land in nearby areas. Vehicular
the Kalri canal. Gharo Creek is approximately 6.9km
emission and vehicular noise are the only major source
from the project site.
of pollution at project site. Local community use wood
Approximately 15km within the project area four as fuel for burning purpose. The overall ambient air
natural flood drains exist i.e. Ghaggar Dhora, Lath Wala quality result shows carbon monoxide (CO)
Dhora,Jhulay wala nala and Dhabeji wala Dhora. Lath concentration is high which is due to vehicular
Wala Dhora flood drainage passes adjacent to the movement of National Highway as well as Port Qasim
boundary wall of project site towards Arabian Sea. It was industrial area activities contribute in increase the
found during primary stakeholder consultation that concentration of CO of the project area, while rest of all
Lath Wala Dhora remains dry in floods season. There parameters are well within limits of National
is a rational number of ground water resources in the Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).
Noise: Elevated noise is viably absent in project parts of the district. These plants are exceptions in the
proximities due to acute absence of noise causing prevailing barren landscape. Salvadora oleoides,
equipments in the project corridors. Generally, Prosopis Sanegal ,Acacia Arabica, Tamarix gallica
significant sources of noise emanation are triggered by ,Calotropis procera and Azadiradita indica are common
transportation, population and railway traffic which is species of the project area.
assumed falling extremely short particularly in the
project proximities. Noise monitoring results trend Faunal Diversity of the Project Area: During field visit
indicates the lowest acoustic level 57dB and was highest 12 large and small mammals, 6 reptiles and amphibian
recorded 60.2dB. Pakistan EPA has regulated maximum and 32 bird species were observed (lists are provided in
permissible limit at day time 50dB and in night hour is Chapter 4). Most common species of birds are cattle
45dB. As such, the acoustic figure of noise monitored on egrets, ring dove, seed eaters such as pigeons, birds with
hourly basis is not complying with NEQS defined limits. a more varied diet such as white-eared bulbuls,
This increase in noise level is due to heavy vehicular sparrows, the brown-headed raven, shrikes, nightjars,
movement on nearby National Highway. woodpeckers, rollers, swallows, martins, wagtails, chats,
robins, warblers, white-throats, flycatchers, sunbird,
Soil: Both soil samples SS-I and SS-II indicates the soil of drongo, mynas, sparrows, and buntings are also found.
project site is eco-friendly and is found free from 06 species of reptiles were observed during biological
noxious pollutants that can cause any damage to soil baseline field visit, a detail list is provided in Chapter 4.
cover of the project corridor. Organic pollutants
Socio-economic Environment
including oil & grease, TPH and phenolic compounds
were mostly found at levels below reporting limit; A detailed socioeconomic survey was carried out in and
whereas inorganic pollutants including cyanides & around the project area. The purpose of the survey was
heavy metals were also registered at such low levels to to enumerate, evaluate and assess the existing social,
cause any sort of environmental disturbance to soil cultural and economic conditions and to determine the
environment of the project site. communitys requirements. During field visit a total of
11 villages comprising of approximately 6475 total
Water Quality: Chemical and physical analyses pattern population was surveyed. The population in the near
carried out on 05 water samples indicating the most villages of project site at union council Dhabeji in five
water samples were found brackish in character except kilometer radius is scanty (less than 1000) except in two
Sample-3(Dhabeji surface water) and are not complying villages i.e. Siddique Goth and Achar Salar Goth lying
NEQS regulated guidelines on drinking water from in Gadap town. The major population consulted during
palatability context. Almost all water sources are the socioeconomic survey was mainly from these two
contaminated with suspended matter. Heavy metal Goths. The majority of the population belongs to
contaminants such as iron, manganese and zinc are Kalmati Baloch or Jokhio tribes. Another tribe reported
present at such low level to cause any sort of during the field visit was Bhaway Baloch. These tribes
environmental damage to these water sources. The speak Sindhi, Balochi and understand urdu language.
elevated figure of BOD & COD in Sample-5 is indicating Average family size is around 4 to 8 members in various
contamination of sufficient organic matter in the Sea villages in the project area. Semi Pakka houses are
water. Karachi Sea water is regarded final outfall of common with maximum two rooms or minimum one
highly contaminated & un-treated wastewater drains room and open area inside the boundary wall of each
with the result that near shoreline is flooded with large house. Outtak system is village tradition, mostly Outaak
dissolved & un-dissolved pollutants. As such its (Guest house) constructed near main entrance of the
BOD/COD figures are lingering at elevated levels as village where all male guest stay and are also used for
compared to ground or surface stream water which is open discussion on daily routine.
derived from municipality distribution outlets.
The women of the area are very hard working and more
Biological Environment of the Project Area practical than men. Generally the women responsibilities
Project area falls under non protected area classification include cooking food, dish washing, washing of cloths,
compared to other areas of Thatta Distict. There is no and sewing of cloths, making Rillihies and look after
protected area within 5 km radius of project boundary. their children. In addition to these activities, women
Keenjhar and Haleji lakes are more than 80km far while were also seen working in the agriculture fields, busy in
Indus delta (Gharo Creek) is approximately 6.9km away harvesting crops, picking of cotton and feeding and
from the project site. milking of livestock. Most of the women in project area
are illiterate and have no authority to interfere in
Faunal Diversity of the Project Area: The vegetation of domestic decision making.
project area is very scanty and consists of desolate
shrubs, bushes and trees. The woody, thorny, Electricity supply system exists but only in three to four
under-shrubs are usually not above thirty centimetres in villages of the project area. People of the area use
height. Mesquite, an exotic species that is bushy in kerosene oil for laltain (a sort of lamp) in night hours for
shape, has spread over large areas in the south-eastern lighting purpose. It was noted that the water supply
system is also available in few of villages in the area. The All the above alternatives were analyzed and most
piped water provided in the area is unreliable and serve feasible option was adopted.
few villages only.
Stakeholder Consultation
The major source of income for the surrounding of Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal
project area is livestock and agriculture. The major and formal meetings held in the project area. The
industries are located in Port Qasim, Dhabaji and in consultation process was carried out in the Sindhi and
Gharoand people from the surrounding villages are Urdu languages. During these meetings a simple,
working as labour in these industries. A study on Thatta non-technical, description of the project was given, with
reported that there are almost 05 sugar mills, 09 textile an overview of the projects likely human and
industries, 01 cement factory and several rice and flour environmental impact. This was followed by an open
mills are operating in the Dhabaji and Gharo areas. discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns
and opinions. The community member hoped that the
The health facilities are minimal for the population new project will provide jobs for local community and
living in the area. Most of the villages have no hospital, FFBL will also provide health and education facilities as
clinic and basic health unit, where as Siddique Goth has welfare work in the area.
only one basic health unit. Mammu Goth has a hospital
near village while Achar Salar Goth has health facility in Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal
the village. The available health facilities in the area are as government officials, national and international
just enough to address common diseases. For the NGOs were consulted during face-to-face meetings.
advance treatment of any serious and complicated Generally, all of the secondary stakeholders are in the
disease, people used to visit the city centre especially in favour of the proposed project and they admit the
Gharo and Gulshane-Hadeed for proper medical proposed project should be executed but with
treatment. appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the
environmental and social impacts. The findings of the
Although the project area is located in union council stakeholder consultations have been addressed in
Dhabeji Taluka Mirpur sakhro adjacent to Karachi, but various sections of the EIA, and the mitigation plans
the education facilities in the area are distressing. Most have been incorporated into the EMP.
of the villages have only primary schools. The number
of proper schools in the project area is negligible. The Potential Project Impact and Mitigation
literacy rate reported is very low, i.e., average literacy The EIA covers potential effects of the proposed project
rate is only11% in the surrounding villages of the project activities in the project area. Potential impacts on the
area. physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural
environment that may arise from the construction and
Focused group discussions revealed a high satisfaction operational activities and the mitigation measures that
of locals based on their past experience with FFBL. The will be adopted to reduce or minimize the impact have
majority of participants expressed no serious complaints been assessed and are summarised in Table ES 0.1. The
regarding FFBL activities in the area and welcomed the construction and operational activities will also have
idea of the proposed project. The community member positive impacts on the local communities.
also hoped that the new project will provide jobs for
local community and FFBL will also provide health and
education facilities as welfare work in the area.
Project Alternatives
A number of alternatives to the main technology /
philosophy proposed for the project were considered. It
includes a discussion of the alternatives, their criteria for
selection, comparison and selection of the preferred
option that is most practicable within the defined
economic, social, environmental and safety constraints.
Project alternatives were evaluated taking into
consideration the principles of sustainable development
and other defined criteria. In particular it outlines the
following project options:
i. The No Project Option
ii. Alternative Site Option and
iii. Technology option for wastewater treatment.
Table ES 0.1: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures (Construction & Operational)
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

For effective implementation and management of
mitigation measures, an Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) has been prepared. The EMP provides a
delivery mechanism to address potential impacts of
project activities, to enhance project benefits and to
introduce standards of good practice in all project
activities. The EMP has been prepared with the objective
of:
Defining legislative requirements, guidelines and

best industry practices that apply to the project;
Defining mitigation/ monitoring plan required for

avoiding or minimizing potential impacts assessed
by the EIA;
Defining roles and responsibilities of the project

proponent and the contractor;
Defining requirements for environmental monitoring

and reporting;
Defining the mechanism with which training will be

provided to the project personnel.
Environmental sensitivities and impacts, as well as the

associated mitigation plan for construction and
operation have been addressed in the EMP. FFBL will
ensure that the project staff will be adequately trained
in HSE sensitivities and operational management
procedures, so that all levels of staff effectively
contribute to impact prevention and mitigation at all
times. An Environmental Management Plan providing:
A systematic approach to ensure that mitigation

strategies prepared in this EIA are implemented
during project activities.
An appropriate monitoring plan is device to

ensuring strict adherence to the environmental
mitigation and control measures.
A training program is device to providing

awareness training on all potential environmental
issues of the project to all personnel at site.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ExECuTIvE SuMMAry
1 InTrODuCTIOn 01 Of 05
1.1 PrOjECT TITlE AnD PrOjECT PrOPOnEnTS 01 Of 05
1.1.1PrOjECT TITlE 01 Of 05
1.1.2 PrOjECT PrOPOnEnT 01 Of 05
1.2 EIA COnSulTAnTS 01 Of 05
1.3 EIA rEquIrEMEnT 01 Of 05
1.4 EIA PrOCESS 01 Of 05
1.4.1 OvErvIEw Of EIA 01 Of 05
1.4.2 ObjECTIvE Of EIA 01 Of 05
1.4.3 SCOPE Of EIA 02 Of 05
1.4.4 SPATIAl SCOPE 02 Of 05
1.4.5 TEMPOrAl SCOPE 02 Of 05
1.5 EIA METHODOlOgy 02 Of 05
1.5.1 SCOPIng 02 Of 05
1.5.2 DATA COllECTIOn 02 Of 05
1.5.3 bASElInE 02 Of 05
1.5.4 EvAluATIOn Of AlTErnATIvES 03 Of 05
1.5.5 IMPACT ASSESSMEnT AnD MITIgATIOn 03 Of 05
1.6 OrgAnIzATIOn Of THE rEPOrT 04 Of 05
1.7 COnTACT DETAIlS 04 Of 05
2 lEgAl frAMEwOrk 01 Of 19
2.1 COnSTITuTIOnAl PrOvISIOn 01 Of 19
2.2 nATIOnAl POlICIES rElATED TO EnvIrOnMEnT 01 Of 19
2.2.1. nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnT POlICy, 2005 01 Of 19
2.2.2. nATIOnAl COnSErvATIOn STrATEgy 01 Of 19
2.2.3. nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl ACTIOn PlAn-SuPPOrT PrOgArMME

(nEAP-SP) 02 Of 19
2.2.4. POlICy & PrOCEDurES fOr THE fIlIng, rEvIEw AnD APPrOvAl
Of EnvIrOnMEnTAl ASSESSMEnTS 02 Of 19
2.3 nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl lEgISlATIOn 02 Of 19
Contents 01
2.3.1. PAkISTAn EnvIrOnMEnTAl PrOTECTIOn ACT 1997 03 Of 19
2.3.2. PAkISTAn EnvIrOnMEnTAl PrOTECTIOn AgEnCy rEvIEw Of IEE

AnD EIA rEgulATIOnS, 2000 03 Of 19
2.3.3. THE nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl quAlITy STAnDArDS (nEqS) 03 Of 19
2.3.4. SInDH wIlDlIfE PrOTECTIOn OrDInAnCE, 1972 (SwPO) AnD

AMEnDMEnTS 2001 09 Of 19
2.3.5. SElf-MOnITOrIng & rEPOrTIng rulES 09 Of 19
2.3.6. AnTIquITIES ACT 1975 AnD THE SInDH CulTurAl HErITAgE

(PrESErvATIOn) ACT, 1994 09 Of 19
2.3.7. THE fOrEST ACT 1927 09 Of 19
2.3.8. lAnD ACquISITIOn ACT, 1894 09 Of 19
2.3.9. PAkISTAn PEnAl CODE (1860) 09 Of 19
2.3.10. PAkISTAn PrEvEnTIOn Of CruElTy TO AnIMAlS ACT, 1890 10 Of 19
2.3.11. SInDH rEgulATIOn AnD COnTrOl OrDInAnCE 10 Of 19
2.4 frAMEwOrk Of EnvIrOnMEnT AnD wIlDlIfE InSTITuTIOn In

PAkISTAn 10 Of 19
2.5 nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl guIDElInES 11 Of 19
2.5.1. THE PAkISTAn EnvIrOnMEnTAl ASSESSMEnT PrOCEDurES, 1997 11 Of 19
2.5.2. Sub-SECTOrAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl guIDElInES AnD CHECklISTS

On DAIry fArMS AnD SlAugHTEr HOuSES 11 Of 19
2.5.3. guIDElInES fOr PublIC COnSulTATIOn 11 Of 19
2.6 InTErnATIOnAl guIDElInES 11 Of 19
2.6.1. wOrlD bAnk guIDElInES On EnvIrOnMEnT 11 Of 19
2.6.2. EquATOr PrInCIPlES 15 Of 19
2.6.3. IfC PErfOrMAnCE STAnDArDS 15 Of 19
2.6.4. IfC EnvIrOnMEnTAl, HEAlTH & SAfETy guIDElInES 16 Of 19
2.6.5. EnvIrOnMEnTAl, HEAlTH AnD SAfETy guIDElInES fOr MEAT

PrOCESSIng 16 Of 19
2.7 InTErnATIOnAl COnvEnTIOnS & TrEATIES 16 Of 19
2.7.1. InTErnATIOnAl COnvEnTIOn On bIODIvErSITy 16 Of 19
2.7.2. THE COnvEnTIOn On COnSErvATIOn Of MIgrATOry SPECIES Of

wIlD AnIMAlS, 1979 16 Of 19
2.7.3. THE COnvEnTIOn On wETlAnDS Of InTErnATIOnAl IMPOrTAnCE,

rAMSAr 1971 16 Of 19
2.7.4. COnvEnTIOn On InTErnATIOnAl TrADE In EnDAngErED

SPECIES Of wIlD fAunA AnD flOrA (CITES) 17 Of 19
2.7.5. InTErnATIOnAl unIOn fOr COnSErvATIOn Of nATurE AnD

nATurAl rESOurCES (IuCn) rED lIST 17 Of 19
Contents 02
2.8 InTErnATIOnAl AnD nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnT AnD COnSErvATIOn

OrgAnIzATIOnS 17 Of 19
2.8.1. InTErnATIOnAl AnD nATIOnAl ngOS 17 Of 19
2.9 ffbl COrPOrATE rEquIrEMEnTS 18 Of 19
2.9.1. COrPOrATE HSE (HEAlTH, SAfETy, EnvIrOnMEnT) POlICy 18 Of 19
3 PrOjECT DESCrIPTIOn 01 Of 11
3.1 nEED ASSESSMEnT Of THE PrOjECT 01 Of 11
3.2 PrOjECT ObjECTIvE 01 Of 11
3.3 PrOjECT lOCATIOn 01 Of 11
3.3.1 ExISTIng ffbl fACIlITIES 01 Of 11
3.4 PrOjECT PHASES AnD SCHEDulE 03 Of 11
3.5 PrOPOSED PrOjECT DESCrIPTIOn 03 Of 11
3.5.1 DESIgn AnD lAyOuT Of AbATTOIr 05 Of 11
3.6 PrOCESS DESCrIPTIOn - OPErATIOnAl PHASE Of AbATTOIr 05 Of 11
3.6.1 unlOADIng rAMPS AnD rESTIng ArEA 05 Of 11
3.6.2 lAIrAgE 05 Of 11
3.6.3 SlAugHTErIng Of AnIMAlS 06 Of 11
3.6.4 DETEnTIOn 06 Of 11
3.6.5 CHIllIng 06 Of 11
3.6.6 frEEzIng 06 Of 11
3.6.7 CuTTIng AnD DEbOnIng 07 Of 11
3.6.8 PACkAgIng 07 Of 11
3.6.9 PrODuCTIOn Of AnIMAl by-PrODuCTS 07 Of 11
3.6.10 rEnDErIng PlAnT 07 Of 11
3.6.11 fInISHED PrODuCTS 07 Of 11
3.7 COnSTruCTIOn PHASE Of AbATTOIr 08 Of 11
3.7.1 rESOurCES COnSuMPTIOn AnD SuPPlIES 08 Of 11
3.7.2 wASTE DISCHArgE 08 Of 11
3.8 rESOurCES COnSuMPTIOn - OPErATIOnAl PHASE 08 Of 11
3.8.1 STAffIng 08 Of 11
3.8.2 wATEr COnSuMPTIOn 10 Of 11
3.8.3 ElECTrICITy COnSuMPTIOn 10 Of 11
3.9 wASTE DISCHArgES AnD by-PrODuCTS 10 Of 11
3.9.1 wASTEwATEr TrEATMEnT AnD DISPOSAl SySTEM 10 Of 11
Contents 03
3.10 ODOur COnTrOl SySTEM 11 Of 11
3.11 InCInErATIOn Of DISEASED AnIMAlS AnD wASTE 11 Of 11
3.12 AnIMAl wElfArE AnD vETErInAry PrOvISIOnS 11 Of 11
3.12.1 vETErInAry PrOvISIOn 11 Of 11
3.13 HEAlTH, SAfETy AnD EnvIrOnMEnTAl MAnAgEMEnT STAnDArDS 11 Of 11
4 EnvIrOnMEnTAl & SOCIAl bASElInE 01 Of 39

4.1 PHySICAl EnvIrOnMEnT 01 Of 39
4.1.1 PHySICAl fEATurES, TOPOgrAPHy, gEOlOgy 01 Of 39
4.1.2 SOIl CHArACTErISTICS Of PrOjECT ArEA 05 Of 39
4.1.3 HyDrOlOgy Of PrOjECT ArEA 05 Of 39
4.1.4 ClIMATOlOgy AnD METEOrOlOgy 07 Of 39
4.1.5 nATurAl DISASTErS 12 Of 39
4.2 EnvIrOnMEnTAl bASElInE MOnITOrIng 14 Of 39
4.2.1 AMbIEnT AIr quAlITy 14 Of 39
4.2.2 nOISE MOnITOIrng 17 Of 39
4.2.3 SOIl quAlITy Of PrOjECT ArEA 17 Of 39
4.2.4 wATEr quAlITy MOnITOrIng Of PrOjECT ArEA 19 Of 39
4.3 bIOlOgICAl EnvIrOnMEnT 23 Of 39
4.3.1 bIOlOgICAl DIvErSITy Of PrOjECT ArEA 23 Of 39
4.3.2 flOrAl DIvErSITy Of THE PrOjECT ArEA 23 Of 39
4.3.3 fAunAl DIvErSITy Of THE DISTrICT 24 Of 39
4.4 SOCIO-ECOnOMIC AnD CulTurAl EnvIrOnMEnT 29 Of 39
4.4.1 SCOPE AnD METHODOlOgy 29 Of 39
4.4.2 gEOgrAPHy AnD HISTOrICAl IMPOrTAnCE Of THATTA DISTrICT 29 Of 39
4.4.3 PrOjECT SITE AnD ADMInISTrATIvESETuP 29 Of 39
4.4.4 DEMOgrAPHICS 30 Of 39
4.4.5 lIvElIHOOD Of PrOjECT ArEA 31 Of 39
4.4.6 SOCIOECOnOMIC PrOfIlE 33 Of 39
4.4.7 ArCHEOlOgICAl SITES Of THATTA DISTrICT 36 Of 39
4.4.8 PErCEPTIOn AbOuT THE PrOjECT 37 Of 39
4.4.9 bEnEfITS Of PrOPOSED PrOjECT On SOCIOECOnOMIC

EnvIrOnMEnTAl Of THE ArEA 37 Of 39
5 PrOjECT AlTErnATIvES 01 Of 02
5.1 nO DEvElOPMEnT OPTIOn 01 Of 02
Contents 04
5.2 AlTErnATIvE SITE OPTIOn - SITE SElECTIOn CrITErIA 01 Of 02
5.3 TECHnOlOgy AlTErnATIvES 02 Of 02
5.3.1 wASTE HAnDlIng 02 Of 02
5.3.2 wASTE wATEr TrEATMEnT PlAnT 02 Of 02
6 STAkEHOlDEr COnSulTATIOn 01 Of 06
6.1 ObjECTIvES Of STAkEHOlDEr COnSulTATIOn 01 Of 06
6.2 STAkEHOlDEr COnSulTATIOn PrOCESS 01 Of 06
6.2.1 IDEnTIfICATIOn Of STAkEHOlDErS 01 Of 06
6.2.2 ClASSIfICATIOn Of STAkEHOlDErS 01 Of 06
6.2.3 METHODOlOgy fOr COnSulTATIOn 01 Of 06
6.3 STAkEHOlDErS COnSulTED 02 Of 06
6.4 COnSulTATIOn fInDIngS 02 Of 06
6.4.1 PrIMAry STAkEHOlDErS 02 Of 06
6.4.2 SECOnDAry STAkEHOlDErS 03 Of 06
7 IMPACT PrEDICTIOn, EvAluATIOn AnD MITIgATIOn MEASurES 01 Of 23

7.1 IDEnTIfICATIOn Of POTEnTIAl IMPACTS 01 Of 23
7.2 IMPACT ClASSIfICATIOn 01 Of 23
7.3 IMPACT SCOPIng CrITErIA 01 Of 23
7.4 IMPACT ASSESSMEnT METHODOlOgy 02 Of 23
7.5 IMPACTS ASSOCIATED wITH COnSTruCTIOn ACTIvITIES 03 Of 23
7.6 DISCuSSIOn On kEy EnvIrOnMEnTAl ASPECTS, MITIgATIOn MEASurES

AnD rESIDuAl IMPACTS 07 Of 23
7.6.1. PrOTECTED ArEAS 07 Of 23
7.6.2. gEOMOrPHOlOgy AnD SOIlS 07 Of 23
7.6.2.1 POTEnTIAl IMPACTS 07 Of 23
7.6.2.2 ASSESSMEnT Of POTEnTIAl IMPACTS 07 Of 23
7.6.2.3 MITIgATIOn MEASurES 07 Of 23
7.6.2.4 rESIDuAl IMPACT 08 Of 23
7.6.3. wATEr rESOurCES 08 Of 23
7.6.4. AMbIEnT AIr quAlITy 08 Of 23
Contents 05
7.6.5. gHg EMISSIOnS 09 Of 23
7.6.6. OzOnE DEPlETIOn 09 Of 23
7.6.7. nOISE POlluTIOn 09 Of 23
7.6.8. wASTE DISCHArgES 10 Of 23
7.6.9. TrAffIC 11 Of 23
7.6.10. wIlDlIfE AnD HAbITAT 12 Of 23
7.6.11. SOCIO-ECOnOMIC IMPACT 13 Of 23
7.7 IMPACTS ASSOCIATED wITH OPErATIOn ACTIvITIES 14 Of 23
7.7.1. TrAnSPOrTATIOn Of lIvE AnIMAlS AnIMAl wElfArE 15 Of 23
7.7.2. SOlID wASTE AnD by-PrODuCTS MAnAgEMEnT 15 Of 23
7.7.2.1 POTEnTIAl ISSuES 15 Of 23
Contents 06
7.7.3. wASTEwATEr 17 Of 23
7.7.4. AIr EMISSIOnS 18 Of 23
7.7.5. nOISE 20 Of 23
7.7.6. TrAffIC 20 Of 23
7.7.7. rESOurCE COnSuMPTIOn 21 Of 23
7.7.8. AbnOrMAl EvEnTS 21 Of 23
7.7.9. OCCuPATIOnAl HEAlTH AnD SAfETy 21 Of 23
7.7.10. SOCIOECOnOMIC IMPACTS 22 Of 23
8 EnvIrOnMEnTAl MAnAgEMEnT PlAn (EMP) 01 Of 15

8.1 PurPOSE AnD ObjECTIvES Of THE EMP 01 Of 15
8.2 COMPOnEnTS Of THE EMP 01 Of 15
8.3 lEgISlATIOn AnD guIDElInES 01 Of 15
8.4 OrgAnIzATIOnAl STruCTurE AnD rESPOnSIbIlITIES 01 Of 15
8.5 rOlES AnD rESPOnSIbIlITIES 02 Of 15
8.5.1 gEnErAl 02 Of 15
8.5.2 PlAnnIng AnD DESIgn Of THE OPErATIOn 02 Of 15
8.5.3 IMPlEMEnTATIOn Of THE OPErATIOn 02 Of 15
8.6 EnvIrOnMEnTAl MAnAgEMEnT AnD MOnITOrIng PlAn 03 Of 15
8.7 EnvIrOnMEnTAl MOnITOrIng AnD rEPOrTIng 12 Of 15
8.7.1 COMPlIAnCE MOnITOrIng 12 Of 15
Contents 07
8.7.2 EffECTS MOnITOrIng 12 Of 15
8.8 COMMunICATIOn AnD DOCuMEnTATIOn 13 Of 15
8.8.1 MEETIngS AnD rEPOrTS 13 Of 15
8.8.2 SOCIAl COMPlAInTS rEgISTEr 13 Of 15
8.8.3 CHAngE rECOrD rEgISTEr 13 Of 15
8.8.4 PHOTOgrAPHIC rECOrD 13 Of 15
8.8.5 AuDIT rEPOrTS 13 Of 15
8.9 EnvIrOnMEnTAl TrAInIng 13 Of 15
8.9.1 ObjECTIvES Of THE TrAInIng PrOgrAMME 13 Of 15
8.9.2 rOlES AnD rESPOnSIbIlITIES 13 Of 15
8.9.3 TrAInIng lOg 14 Of 15
8.9.4 TrAInIng nEEDS ASSESSMEnT 14 Of 15
8.9.5 TrAInIng MATErIAl 14 Of 15
8.10 CHAngE MAnAgEMEnT PlAn 15 Of 15
8.10.1 CHAngES TO THE EMP 15 Of 15
8.10.2 CHAngES TO THE OPErATIOn 15 Of 15
9. COnCluSIOn 01 Of 01
10. rEfErEnCE 01 Of 01
AnnExurES
AnnEx-I: PrOjECT TEAM
AnnEx-II: wASTEwATEr TrEATMEnT PlAnT DESCrIPTIOn
AnnEx-III: SurvEyED vIllAgES PrOfIlE Of PrOjECT ArEA
AnnEx-Iv: lIST Of PEOPlE MET DurIng STAkEHOlDEr COnSulTATIOn
Contents 08
Chapter 01
Introduction
01 - IntroductIon
This chapter includes the data relevant to the undertaking export & domestic usage.
of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
details of the project title and project proponent, EIA The Project will encompass a modern state-of-the-art
Consultants, the project rationale and the approach halal meat slaughtering facility with the objective of
taken to the EIA study. processing high quality meat, value added products and
by-products with special focus on international markets
1.1 Project tItle and Project i.e. UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Malaysia and
ProPonents Iran along with domestic market. The facility will be
capable to process meat of cattle, sheep and goat.
1.1.1 PROJECT TITLE 1.2 eIa consultants
The proposed project to which this Environmental
Impact Assessment relates is entitled as Halal The EIA study was carried out by team of SGS Pakistan
Slaughterhouse and Meat Complex, in Thatta District, comprising of environmentalist, sociologist, environmental
Sindh Province. A key map showing the location of the chemist, geologist, and hydrologist, ecologist and sector
project area is shown in Figure 1.1. experts with diversified experience on local and
international assignments. The detail of the project team
deputed on this assignment is given in Annex-I.
1.1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT
The proponent for the proposed project is Fauji 1.3 eIa requIrement
Fertilizer Bin Qasim (FFBL). The project proponent
refers to the organization which will invest and be The EIA has been prepared to conform with the
responsible for the project initiation and safe operation. requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Act 1997 (PEPA), the Pakistan Initial Environmental
FFBL core business is fertilizer production. The Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment
Company started out in 1993 as Fauji Fertilizer Review Regulations 2000 and the guidelines provided
Company (FFC), a joint venture of Fauji Foundation, in the Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures,
Fauji Fertilizer and Jordan Phosphate Mines Company 1997.
(JPMC). It planned to produce, for the first time in
Pakistan, 1,670 metric tons per day of Granulated Urea 1.4 eIa Process
and 1,350 metric tons of Di-Ammonia phosphate (DAP).
In 2003, after JPMC sold its shares, it was renamed as 1.4.1 OVERVIEW OF EIA
Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (FFBL). The major EIA is a systematic process to identify, predict and
share-holders are FFC (51%) and Fauji Foundation evaluate the environmental impacts of proposed actions
(17%). It is a listed company with authorized and paid and projects. The process is applied prior to major
up capital of Rs. 11,000 million and Rs. 9,341 million, decisions and commitments being made. Wherever
respectively. FFBL plant site is a modern Granular Urea appropriate, social, cultural and health effects are
and Di-Ammonia Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer considered as an integral part of EIA. Particular attention
manufacturing complex, built at a cost of US$ 468 is given to practical implementation of EIA to prevent
million and located on 350 acres in the Eastern Zone of and mitigate significant adverse effects of proposed
Bin Qasim, Karachi. undertakings.
In line with FFBLs Corporate Strategic Goal creating
new opportunities for business growth and 1.4.2 OBJECTIVE OF EIA
diversification, FFBL has been evaluating various The overall objective of the EIA is as follows:
options for investment in diversified businesses. One of
the core interest areas for FFBL is meat processing Identifying possible environmental impacts;
business for export and domestic usage.
Screening of impacts to identify more significant
FFBL conducted detailed feasibility study (DFS) through impacts;
a consortium of local & foreign consultants. On the
outcome of the feasibility study, FFBL Management has Evaluating those impacts;
approved investment in meat processing business for
Chapter 01 01
Discussing appropriate mitigating methods; the important issues to be considered in an EIA;
Finding out alternatives; the appropriate time and space boundaries of the
EIA study;
1.4.3 SCOPE OF EIA the information necessary for decision-making;
This EIA covers the construction and operation of meat
abattoir production facility at Deh Kohistan, Tehsil the significant effects and factors to be studied in
Mirpur Sakhro, District Thatta. The scope of the EIA detail.
includes:
The scoping was followed by data collection describes
Construction of the proposed project infrastructure in subsequent section.
Relevant off site activities 1.5.2 DATA COLLECTION

Operation of the meat processing facility Following literature reviews and data collection was
carried out for EIA:
1.4.4 SPATIAL SCOPE A generic description of the proposed project and its
Impacts will be assessed within the area of influence of related activities was collected from FFBL.
the project defined as:
Legislative review of the applicable laws,
Immediate Area of Influence: at immediate foot regulations, guidelines and standards from various
print of the proposed project locations. organizations and literature search.
Direct Area of Influence: within the proposed project Baseline of the areas environmental and
site boundary and 5 km radius of surrounding area. socio-economic settings was collected through
literature search and field surveys.
1.4.5 TEMPORAL SCOPE
Primary and secondary stakeholder consultation.
The assessment of impacts in terms of duration is as
follows: 1.5.3 BASELINE
Effects on environmental and socioeconomic The environment impact is measured through a change
receptors and resources are assessed for the entire in the environment, resulting from a designated action
construction activity. or activity. In order to identify such a change, it is
essential to have as complete as practicable understanding
Effects on environmental and socioeconomic
of the nature of the existing environment, prior to its
receptors and resources are assessed for the
interaction with the proposed activity. This translates
operation activity.
into the need to characterize the existing baseline
environmental condition, including establishing
1.5 eIa methodology prevailing conditions for a range of environmental
The EIA project passes through series of stages prior to media, notably air, water, soil and groundwater, flora
report preparation. The EIA process and the approach and fauna and the human environment.
followed for the proposed project is defined below:
This was achieved through a detailed review of all
secondary resources (i.e. existing documentation and
1.5.1 SCOPING literature); and the undertaking of project specific
Scoping is an early stage of the process and is designed baseline studies and surveys to collect supplementary
to ensure that the environmental studies provide all the data in the following areas:
relevant information on:
Terrestrial ecology;
the impacts of the project, in particular focusing on
the most important impacts; Geology;
the alternatives to the project; Flora and fauna;
other environmental sensitivities to be addressed at Water quality characteristics;

early stage. Soil quality;
The EIA process started with the scoping. The purpose Traffic;
of scoping was to identify:
Ambient air quality;
Chapter 01 02
Noise conditions;
1.5.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND
Socio-economic conditions; MITIGATION
Archaeology. The information collected in the previous phases was
used to assess the potential environmental impacts of
Both the existing secondary sources and literature the proposed project activities. The impact assessment
studies were conducted and integrated into one coherent approach is provided in Table 1-1. Detailed methodology
description of baseline characteristics. is included in Chapter 7 of the report. Mitigation
measures were evaluated to reduce the impacts of
1.5.4 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES project activities on environment. The issues studied
during impact assessment include potential impacts on:
To establish an environmentally sound preferred option
for achieving the objectives of the proposed project, Physical environment of the area
project site and technology alternatives were studied in
collaboration with the project proponent. Technology Biological environment of the area
selection was made taking in to consideration
environmentally, economically and socially suitable as Socio-economic environment of the area
well as technically feasible options.
TABLE 1 1: IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPROACH
Chapter 01 03
1.6 organIzatIon of the and macro-environment using the matrix method and it
rePort explains the mitigation measures proposed for the
project in order to minimize the impacts to acceptable
This report has been structured in the following manner: limits.
Chapter 2 (Legal Framework) gives an overview of Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan) it

policy and legislation along with international describes implementation of mitigation measures for the
guidelines relevant to EIA. proposed project activities and monitoring of
environmental parameters against likely environmental
Chapter 3 (Project Description) provides the description impacts.
of the proposed project, its layout plan and associated
activities, raw material details and utility requirement. Chapter 9 (Conclusion) summarizes the report and
presents its conclusions.
Chapter 4 (Description of Baseline Environment)
provides a description of the micro-environment and The last Chapter is followed by the references and series
macro-environment of the proposed project site. This of Annexes that provide supporting information.
chapter describes the physical, ecological and
socioeconomic resources land of project area and 1.7 contact detaIls - Project
surroundings. ProPonent
Chapter 5 (Project Alternatives) this chapter provides Mr. Syed Irfan Shah
site and technology options assessed for the project. Head (Meat Abattoir Project)
Chapter 6 (Stakeholder Consultation) describes the Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim (FFBL).
consultation process of primary and secondary Eastern Zone, Bin Qasim, Karachi-75020, Pakistan
stakeholders consulted for this project to note their Tel (PABX):92 21 34724500-529
concerns for this project.
Tel (Direct):92 21 34724583
Chapter 7 (Impact Prediction and Evaluation) describes Fax: 92-21-34724530-531
the potential environmental and social impacts of Mobile: 0308-5551461
proposed project on the different features of the micro Mail: irfan.shah@ffbl.com
Chapter 01 04
Figure 1 1: Project Location
Chapter 01 05
Chapter 02
Legal Framework
02 - LegaL Framework
This chapter provides an overview of the environmental and restore Pakistans environment in order to improve
Policies, legislation, and guidelines that may have the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable
relevance to the proposed project. These include national development. The NEP identifies the following set of
environmental Policy, legislation and guidelines; and sectoral and cross-sectoral guidelines to achieve its Goal
international conventions and guidelines. FFBL will be of sustainable development.
required to adhere to the relevant requirements of the
Sectoral Guidelines:
Policies and legislation during the construction and
operation of the proposed activities; which has also been Water and sanitation, Air quality and noise, Waste
incorporated in the mitigation measures and the EMP management, Forestry, Biodiversity and Protected areas,
provided in the EIA. Climate change and Ozone depletion, Energy efficiency
and renewable, agriculture and livestock, and Multilateral
2.1 ConstitutionaL Provision environmental agreements.
According to the Constitution of Pakistan, the legislative Cross Sectoral Guidelines:

powers lie with the federal parliament and the legislative Poverty, Population, Gender, Health, Trade and
assemblies of the four provinces of Pakistan. The Fourth environment, Environment and local governance and
Schedule of the constitution provides two lists of issues. Natural disaster management.
One list, the Federal Legislative List, includes issues on
The NEP suggests the following policy instruments to
which only the federal government has legislative
overcome the environmental problems throughout the
powers. The second list, the Concurrent Legislative List
country:
includes issues on which both the federal and the
provincial governments have legislative powers. If a Integration of environment into development
particular legislation passed by a provincial assembly planning,
comes into conflict with a law enacted by the national
assembly, then according to the constitution, the federal Legislation and regulatory framework,
legislation will prevail over the provincial legislation to
the extent of the inconsistency. The subject of Capacity development,
environmental pollution and ecology is included in the Economic and market based instrument,
concurrent list of the constitution. Thus, allowing both
the federal and provincial governments to enact laws on Public awareness and education, and
the subject. To date, only the federal government has
enacted laws on environment, and the provincial Public private civil society partnership.
environmental institutions derive their power from
NEP is a policy document and does not apply to
federal law. Article 9 of the constitution defines the right
projects. However, FFBL should ensure that the project
to life as a fundamental right in these words No person
should not add to the aggravation of the environmental
shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance
issues identified in NEP and mitigation measures should
with law.
be adopted to minimise or avoid any contribution of the
2.2 nationaL PoLiCies reLated project in these areas.
to environment 2.2.2. NATIONAL CONSERVATION

2.2.1. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY, STRATEGY
2005 Before the approval of National Environmental Policy
(NEP) the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was
The National Environmental Policy (NEP) was
considered as the Governments primary policy
approved by the Pakistan Environmental Protection
document on national environmental issues. The
Council (PEPC) in its 10th meeting on 27th December,
Strategy approved by the Federal Cabinet in March 1992
2004 under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of
and was also recognized by International Financial
Pakistan and thereafter approved by the Cabinet on 29th
Institutions, principally the World Bank At the moment
June 2005. NEP is the primary policy of Government of
this strategy just exists as a national conservation
Pakistan that addresses the environmental issues of the
program. The NCS identifies 14 core areas including
country. The broad Goal of NEP is, To protect, conserve
Chapter 02 01
conservation of biodiversity; pollution prevention and necessary details on the preparation, submission, and
abatement; soil and water conservation; and preservation review of the initial environmental examination (IEE)
of cultural heritage, and recommends immediate attention and the environmental impact assessment (EIA). It
to these core areas in order to preserve the countrys provides schedules of proposals that require either an
environment. initial environmental examination (IEE) or an
environmental impact assessment (EIA).
NCS does not directly apply to projects. However, FFBL
should ensure that the project should not add to the 2.3 nationaL environmentaL
aggravation of the 14 core environmental issues
identified in the NCS and mitigation measures should
LegisLation
be adopted to minimise or avoid any contribution of the The definition of environmental law can be derived from
project in these areas. the legal definition of environment. In Section 2(x) of
the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA
2.2.3. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL 1997) environment is defined to include air, water, land
ACTION PLANSUPPORT and layers of the atmosphere; living organisms and
PROGARMME (NEAPSP) inorganic matter; the ecosystem and ecological
relationships; buildings, structures, roads, facilities and
The Government of Pakistan and United Nations works; social and economic conditions affecting
Development Programme (UNDP) have jointly initiated community life; and the interrelationship between these
an umbrella support programme called the National elements. From this definition, an environmental law
Environmental Action Plan-Support Programme can be considered to include all laws that are designed
(NEAP-SP) signed in October 2001 and implemented to, or that directly or indirectly affect, the management
in 2002. The development objective supported by of natural resources including the control of pollution of
NEAP-SP is environmental sustainability and poverty these natural resources.
reduction in the context of economic growth.
By this definition, environmental laws include a) laws
2.2.4. POLICY & PROCEDURES FOR THE that have been specifically enacted to protect the
environment such as the PEPA 1997, and b) laws relating
FILING, REVIEW AND APPROVAL to subject such as forest, water resources, wildlife, land,
OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS agriculture, health, and town planning. Table 2.1 shows
The Policy & Procedures for the Filing, Review and key environment, health and safety related legislative
Approval of Environmental Assessments, prepared by powers of federal and provincial government, enforcing
the PEPA under the powers conferred upon it by the agencies and pertinent laws.
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, provide the
TABLE 2 1: RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND THEIR APPLICABILITY
Chapter 02 02
2.3.1. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL The Regulations also require that all projects located in
environmentally sensitive areas require preparation of
PROTECTION ACT 1997 an EIA. As the proposed project falls under the category
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA) defined in schedule II (as per IEE/EIA Regulations, 2000)
is the basic legislative tool empowering the government so EIA study is conducted for this project.
to frame regulations for the protection of the environment.
The PEPA is broadly applicable to air, water, soil, marine 2.3.3. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
and noise pollution. Penalties have been prescribed for QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)
those contravening the provisions of the Act. The powers
of the federal and provincial Environmental Protection The NEQS promulgated under the PEPA 1997 specify
Agencies (EPAs) were also considerably enhanced under standards for industrial and municipal effluents,
this legislation and they have been given the power to gaseous emissions, vehicular emissions, and noise levels.
conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental The PEPA 1997 empowers the EPAs to impose pollution
law either of their own accord, or upon the registration charges in case of non-compliance to the NEQS.
of a complaint. On November 26th 2010, the SRO 1062(1)/2010 was
Under section 12 of PEPA, no project involving construction issued which defines the standards for drinking water
activities or any change in the environment can be taken air and noise. The tables of various standards are
unless an IEE or EIA as required is conducted and reproduced here.
a report submitted to the federal or provincial EPA. During the construction and post development phase of
the project, NEQS will apply to all type of effluents and
2.3.2. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL emissions. NEQS for municipal and industrial effluents,
PROTECTION AGENCY REVIEW OF motor vehicle exhaust and noise and selected gaseous
IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS, 2000 pollutants from industrial source are provided from
Table 2-2 to 2-7 below.
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review
of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 (the Regulations),
prepared by the Pak-EPA under the powers conferred
upon it by the PEPA, provide the necessary details on
the preparation, submission, and review of the initial
environmental examination (IEE) and the environmental
impact assessment (EIA).
The Regulation classifies projects on the basis of

expected degree of adverse environmental impacts and
lists them in two separate schedules. Schedule I lists
projects that may not have significant environmental
impacts and therefore require an IEE. Urban
development projects are included in Schedule I.
Schedule II lists projects of potentially significant
environmental impacts requiring preparation of an EIA.
Chapter 02 03
TABLE 22: NEQS FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS a
Chapter 02 04
TABLE 23: NEQS FOR DRINKING WATER, 2010
Chapter 02 05
TABLE 24: NEQS FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
Chapter 02 06
TABLE 25: NEQS FOR MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST AND NOISE
TABLE 26: NEQS FOR NOISE
Chapter 02 07
TABLE 27: NEQS FOR SELECTED GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Chapter 02 08
negligence, unlawful excavation, trade and export. The

2.3.4. SINDH WILDLIFE PROTECTION law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a
ORDINANCE, 1972 (SWPO) AND protected antiquity and empowers the Government of
AMENDMENTS 2001 Pakistan to prohibit excavation in any area, which may
This ordinance provides for the preservation, protection, contain articles of archaeological significance.
and conservation of wildlife by the formation and The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 is
management of protected areas and prohibition of the provincial law for the protection of cultural heritage.
hunting of wildlife species declared protected under the Its objectives are similar to those of the Antiquity Act,
ordinance. 1975.
The ordinance also specifies three broad classifications No antiquity protected under these two laws was
of the protected areas: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries identified in the vicinity of the proposed project during
and game reserves. Activities such as hunting and breaking fieldwork for the EIA. Furthermore, the project site is
of land for mining are prohibited in national parks, as unlikely to contain any buried antiquity. However, the
are removing vegetation or polluting water flowing project staff will be instructed before ground preparation
through the park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas that and earthworks to report any archaeological artifact or
have been set-aside as undisturbed breeding grounds what may appear to be an archaeological relic to the
and cultivation and grazing is prohibited in the project management. In case of such a discovery,
demarcated areas. Nobody is allowed to reside in a appropriate action will be taken.
wildlife sanctuary and entrance for the general public is
by special dispensation. However, these restrictions may
be relaxed for scientific purposes or for betterment of the
2.3.7. THE FOREST ACT 1927
respective area on the discretion of the governing This act is applicable to all regions of Pakistan. It
authority in exceptional circumstances. Game reserves includes procedures for constituting and managing
are designated as areas where hunting or shooting is not various types of forests, such as reserved forests and
allowed except under special permits. protected forests. The act empowers the provincial
forest departments to declare any forest area as reserved
2.3.5. SELFMONITORING & REPORTING or protected. The act empowers the provincial forest
RULES (SMART) departments to prohibit the clearing of forests for
cultivation, grazing, hunting, removing forest produce;
Pakistan Environmental Protection Council constituted quarrying and felling, lopping and topping of trees,
an Environmental Standards Committee in 1996 to branches in reserved and protected forests. It also
devise realistic modalities for NEQS enforcement and defines the duties of forest related public servants, and
simplified monitoring procedures with the consultation penalties for any infringement of the rules.
of representatives of industrial interest groups,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other The project area is located outside of the any protected
stakeholders. Their efforts succeeded in the bringing up forest therefore the project will not contravene with any
of Self-Monitoring and Reporting System for Industry. provisions of this Act.
As per the rules set by this system, industries have to
monitor effluents and emissions in compliance with the 2.3.8. LAND ACQUISITION ACT, 1894
NEQS and report it to provincial or federal EPAs. This
The Land Acquisition act (LAA) of 1894 amended from
system classifies industry into three categories A, B and
time to time has been the policy governing land
C each corresponding to a specified reporting frequency.
acquisition, resettlement and compensation in the
Monitoring frequency for the proposed Halal
country. The LAA is the most commonly used law for
Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex project will be
acquisition of land and other properties for development
finalized in consultation with SEPA as the reference of
projects. It comprises of 55 sections pertaining to area
slaughterhouse projects is missing in these categories.
notifications and surveys, acquisition, compensation and
appointment awards and disputes resolution, penalties
2.3.6. ANTIQUITIES ACT 1975 AND THE and exemptions. In the proposed project there is no such
SINDH CULTURAL HERITAGE kind of land acquisition or resettlement of proposed
(PRESERVATION) ACT, 1994 project affected persons.
The protection of cultural resources in Pakistan is
ensured by the Antiquities Act of 1975. Antiquities have 2.3.9. PAKISTAN PENAL CODE (1860)
been defined in the Act as ancient products of human The Pakistan Penal Code (1860) authorizes fines,
activity, historical sites, or sites of anthropological or imprisonment or both for voluntary corruption or
cultural interest, national monuments etc. The act is fouling of public spring or reservoirs so as to make them
designed to protect antiquities from destruction, theft, less fit for ordinary use.
Chapter 02 09
The Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860 deals specifically

with the pollution of water in Chapter XIV on public 2.3.11. SINDH REGULATION AND
health and safety. Here, fouling or corrupting the CONTROL ORDINANCE
water of a public spring or reservoir is listed as an An ordinance is to provide for the regulation and control
offence, punishable with up to three months in prison of the use of plots and construction of buildings in the
and/or a fine of 500 rupees (Section 277). This provision province of Sindh. According to this ordinance:
is limited in scope, since it applies only to reservoirs and
public springs, and the terms fouling and No plot shall be used for any other purpose other
corrupting are not defined. But provisions of PEPA than the purpose for which it was except with the
1997 (Sections 6 and 7) and the NEQS (Appendix I) may approval of the authority.
be applied to facilitate enforcement of Section 277. Other
sections of this chapter may be interpreted to include the 2.4 Framework oF
protection of water resources, including Section 268 on environment and wiLdLiFe
public nuisance, Section 269 on negligence likely to
spread infectious disease, and Section 284 on negligent
institution in Pakistan
conduct with respect to the possession and handling of The Federal Ministry of Environment was the main
poisonous substances. government organization responsible for the protection
of environment and resource conservation. It is headed
Similarly, Chapter XVII on offences against property by a federal minister. The Ministry works with PEPC,
contains certain provisions that may be interpreted to and the Federal and Provincial EPAs formed under the
include the protection of water resources. Sections PEPA 1997. The roles, responsibilities and authorities of
425440 deal with mischief, defined as damage to PEPC and the EPAs are defined in the PEPA 1997.
property resulting in destruction or loss of utility. However, after 18th constitutional amendment, the said
Section 430 provides specifically for mischief caused to ministry has been devolved into provinces and federal
irrigation works, while Section 431 deals with damage ministry is working under the umbrella of Ministry of
to roads, bridges, rivers or channels. Meanwhile, Climate Change.
Chapter XXIII, Section 511 on attempted offences could
also be interpreted to include offences related to the Now, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency is an
fouling or corrupting of water. attached department of the Ministry of Climate Change
and responsible to implement the Pakistan Environmental
Under Section 278 of the PPC, the punishment for Protection Act 1997, in the country, an Act to provide for
making [the] atmosphere noxious to health is a the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and
maximum fine of 500 rupees. In addition, certain improvement of environment, for the prevention and
sections of Chapter XIV on public health and safety control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable
concerning public nuisance may be interpreted to development. Pakistan Environmental Protection
include air and noise pollution from vehicles, as well as Agency also provides all kind of technical assistance to
emissions (Sections 268, 278, 290 and 291). the Ministry of Climate Change.
2.3.10. PAKISTAN PREVENTION OF The PEPC has been formed by the Federal Government.
Its members include the Prime Minister of Pakistan, as
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1890 the Chairperson; the Minister for Environment as the
The Pakistan Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1890 vice-Chairperson; Governors of the Provinces; Ministers
states that "If any person overdrives, beats, or otherwise in charge of the subject of environment in the Provinces;
treats any animal so as to subject it to unnecessary pain Secretary to the Federal Government in-charge of the
or suffering, he shall be punished, in the case of a first Ministry of Environment; Director General Federal EPA;
offence, with fine or with imprisonment for a term heads of other federal and provincial departments;
which may extend to one month and, in the case of environmentalists and community representatives
second or subsequent offence committed within three including scientists. The functions and powers of the
years of the previous offence, with fine, or with Council include formulation of national environmental
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three Policy, enforcement of PEPA 1997, approval of the
months, or with both." NEQS, incorporation of environmental considerations
in to national development plans and policies and
A portion of the Act titled, "Penalty for killing animals provide guidelines for the protection and conservation
with unnecessary cruelty anywhere", states, "If any of biodiversity in general and for the conservation of
person kills any animal in an unnecessarily cruel renewable and non-renewable resources.
manner, he shall be punished with fine which may
extend to two hundred rupees, or with imprisonment The Federal government has also formed the Federal
for a term which may extend to six months, or with EPA, which is headed by a Director General and has
both."
Chapter 02 10
wide-ranging functions given in PEPA 1997. These

include the preparation and co-ordination of national 2.5.2. SUBSECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL
environmental policy for approval by the PEPC, GUIDELINES AND CHECKLISTS ON
administering and implementing the PEPA 1997 and DAIRY FARMS AND SLAUGHTER
preparation, revision or establishment of NEQS. The HOUSES
Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies are
IUCN Pakistan was asked to develop Sub-sectoral
formed by the respective Provincial Governments. A
Environmental Assessment Guidelines for small
Director General who exercises powers delegated to him
initiatives in different sectors by the Balochistan
by the Provincial Government heads each Provincial
Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA). The
EPA. IEEs and EIAs are submitted to provincial EPAs
guidelines were meant to address projects that do not
for approval.
qualify for an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
The National Council for Conservation of Wildlife or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),
(NCCW) is responsible for formulation of national according to the screening guidelines (Schedules A, B
wildlife policies, co-ordination with provincial wildlife and C) of the IEE/ EIA rules of the Pakistan Environmental
department on the implementation of these policies and Protection Act of 1997 (PEPA97). The Balochistan
co-ordination with international organisations on Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA) and relevant
matters related to international treaties/conventions. The line departments use these guidelines to make smaller
NCCW works under the Ministry of Climate Change, initiatives in the region, more environment-friendly.
and is headed by the Inspector General Forests. NCCW These guidelines are also concerned for the subject
comprises of an advisory council, which is chaired by project, although the guidelines are for Balochistan
the Minister of Climate Change and includes Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA) but relevant
representatives from all Provinces, AJK and Northern to the proposed project and will be useful.
Areas, NGOs, members of civil society and other federal
ministries. A small NCCW secretariat is based in 2.5.3. GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC
Islamabad handles the day-to-day affairs and the CONSULTATION
implementation of policies and recommendations of the
advisory council. At provincial level almost each These guidelines are a part of a package of regulations
province has a wildlife department and a wildlife and guidelines. It provides assistance throughout the
protection act. environmental assessment of project by involving the
public which can lead to better and more acceptable
2.5 nationaL environmentaL decision-making.
guideLines 2.6 internationaL guideLines

2.5.1. THE PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL 2.6.1. WORLD BANK GUIDELINES ON
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES, 1997 ENVIRONMENT
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
The principal World Bank publications that contain
prepared the Pakistan Environmental Assessment
environmental guidelines are listed below.
Procedures in 1997. They are based on much of the
existing work done by international donor agencies and Environmental Assessment-Operational Policy 4.01.
Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs). The Washington, DC, USA. World Bank 1999.
package of regulations prepared by PEPA includes:
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I:
Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues.
Approval of Environmental Assessments; World Bank Technical Paper Number 139,
Environment Department, the World Bank, 1991,
Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of
Environmental Reports; Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for
Meat Processing, International Finance Corporation
Guidelines for Public Consultation;
(IFC) World Bank Group, April, 30, 2007.
Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas; and
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III:
Sectoral Guidelines for various type of projects. Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Energy
and Industry Projects. World Bank Technical Paper
No. 154, Environment Department, the World Bank,
1991.
Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines,

International Finance Corporation (IFC) World Bank
Chapter 02 11
Group, 2008. The issues not discussed in this guideline have been
provided in the General EHS guidelines published by
The first two publications provide general guidelines for the IFC.
conducting EIAs, and address EIA practitioners as well
as project designers. While the Sourcebook in particular Performance Indicators and Monitoring
has been designed with Bank projects in mind, and is This section provides the performance indicators of
especially relevant for the impact assessment of various parameters both from an environmental as well
large-scale infrastructure projects, it contains a wealth of as occupational health and safety perspective. The
useful information, for environmentalists and project monitoring requirements of various parameters during
proponents. plant operation phase are also provided in this section.
The Sourcebook identifies a number of areas of concern, Environmental Performance Indicators and Monitoring:
which should be addressed during impact assessment. The environmental performance indicators provide the
It sets out guidelines for the determination of impacts, effluent and air emissions guideline values of various
provides a checklist of tools to identify possible parameters during meat processing operations. Effluent
biodiversity issues and suggests possible mitigation guidelines are provided in Table 2-8 and WHO drinking
measures. Possible development project impacts on water guidelines are provided in Table 2-9. Effluent
different areas such as wild lands, wetlands and forests guidelines are applicable for direct discharges of treated
are also identified and mitigation measures suggested. effluents to surface waters.
The EHS guidelines are technical reference documents Furthermore emissions should not result in pollutant
with general and industry-specific examples of Good concentrations that reach or exceed relevant ambient
International Industry Practice (GIIP). quality guidelines and standards by applying national
legislated standards (i.e. NEQS), or in their absence, the
These guidelines contain the performance levels and current WHO Air Quality Guidelines, or other
measures that are generally considered to be achievable internationally recognised sources. The WHO ambient
in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable air quality guidelines are provided in Table 2-10.
costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing
facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines:
targets, based on environmental assessments and/or Occupational health and safety performance should be
environmental audits as appropriate, with an appro evaluated against internationally published exposure
priate timetable for achieving them. guidelines, of which examples include the Threshold
Limit Value (TLV) occupational exposure guidelines
The guidelines provide a brief description of the following: and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) published by
Industry Specific Impacts & Mitigation Management: American Conference of Governmental Industrial
This section provides a summary of the most significant Hygienists (ACGIH), the Pocket Guide to Chemical
EHS issues associated which occur during the Hazards published by the United States National
operational phase, along with recommendations for Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH),
their management. The section also highlights the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) published by the
environmental issues related with proposed project Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the
operations including the following: United States (OSHA), Indicative Occupational
Exposure Limit Values published by European Union
Air emissions; member states, or other similar sources.
Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions; The working environment should be monitored for
occupational hazards relevant to the specific project.
Water consumption; Monitoring should be designed and implemented by
accredited professionals as part of an occupational
Effluents;
health and safety monitoring program. Facilities should
Solid wastes; also maintain a record of occupational accidents and
diseases and dangerous occurrences and accidents.
Noise
Lastly the section highlights the issues related to

community safety and health with particular attention
on:
Water consumption;
Traffic safety.
Chapter 02 12
TABLE 2 8: IFC/WORLD BANK EFFLUENT LEVELS FOR MEAT PROCESSING
TABLE 2 9: WHO DRINKING WATER GUIDELINES
Chapter 02 13
TABLE 2 10: WORLD BANK AMBIENT AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES
Chapter 02 14
TABLE 2 11: WORLD BANK NOISE LEVEL GUIDELINES
2.6.2. EQUATOR PRINCIPLES 2.6.3. IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Project finance is often used to fund the development International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of
and construction of major infrastructure and industrial the World Bank Group, is the largest global development
projects. The Equator Principles (EPs) are adopted institution focused on the private sector in developing
voluntarily by financial institutions and are applied countries. IFC's Sustainability Framework applies to all
where total project capital costs exceed US$10 million. investments and advisory clients whose projects go
through IFC's credit review process.
EPs are a credit risk management framework for
determining, assessing and managing environmental IFC's Performance Standards define clients' roles and
and social risk in project finance transactions The EPs responsibilities for managing their projects and the
are primarily intended to provide a minimum standard requirements for receiving and retaining IFC support.
for due diligence to support responsible risk The standards include requirements to disclose
decision-making. information. The Performance Standards may also be
applied by other financial institutions electing to apply
The EPs, based on the International Finance Corporation them to projects in emerging markets.
Performance Standards on social and environmental
sustainability and on the World Bank Group The eight Performance Standards establish standards
Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (EHS that the client is to meet throughout the life of an
Guidelines), are intended to serve as a common baseline investment by IFC or other relevant financial Institution.
and framework for the implementation by each
Performance Standard-1: Social and Environmental
adopting institution of its own internal social and
Assessment and Management System;(Underscores
environmental policies, procedures and standards
the importance of identifying E&S risks and
related to its project financing activities.
impacts, and managing E&S performance
There are major nine (9) principles which have been throughout the life of a project)
defined in the Equator Principles given as follow:
Performance Standard-2: Labour and Working
Principle -1: Review and Categorization Conditions ;( Recognizes that the pursuit of
economic growth through employment creation and
Principle-2: Social and Environmental Assessment income generation should be balanced with
protection of basic rights for workers.)
Principle-3: Applicable Social and Environmental
Standards Performance Standard-3: Pollution Prevention and
Abatement ;( Recognizes that increased industrial
Principle-4: Action Plan and Management System
activity and urbanization often generate higher
Principle-5: Consultation and Disclosure levels of air, water and land pollution, and that there
are efficiency opportunities)
Princple-6: Grievance Mechanism
Performance Standard-4: Community Health, Safety
Principle-7: Independent Review and Security;( Recognizes that projects can bring
benefits to communities, but can also increase
Principle-8: Covenants potential exposure to risks and impacts from
Principle-9: Independent Monitoring and Reporting incidents, structural failures, and hazardous
materials.)
Principle 10: Reporting and Transparency
Chapter 02 15
Performance Standard-5: Land Acquisition and

Involuntary Resettlement;(Applies to physical or 2.7 internationaL
economic displacement resulting from land Conventions & treaties
transactions such as expropriation or negotiated
settlements). 2.7.1. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON BIODIVERSITY
Performance Standard-6: Biodiversity Conservation
and Sustainable Natural Resource Management; The International Convention on Biodiversity was
(Promotes the protection of biodiversity and the adopted during the Earth Summit of 1992 at Rio de
sustainable management and use of natural Janeiro. The Convention requires parties to develop
resources) national plans for the conservation and sustainable use
of biodiversity, and to integrate these plans into national
Performance Standard-7: Indigenous People;(Aims development programmes and policies. Parties are also
to ensure that the development process fosters full required to identify components of biodiversity that are
respect for Indigenous Peoples) important for conservation, and to develop systems to
monitor the use of such components with a view to
Performance Standard-8: Cultural Heritage.(Aims to promote their sustainable use.
protect cultural heritage from adverse impacts of
project activities and support its preservation)
2.7.2. THE CONVENTION ON
2.6.4. IFC ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH & CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY
SAFETY GUIDELINES SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS, 1979
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory
IFC has also developed Environmental, Health, and
Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 1979, requires countries
Safety (EHS) Guidelines. These guidelines are technical
to take action to avoid endangering migratory species.
reference documents with general and industry specific
The term "migratory species" refers to the species of wild
examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
animals, a significant proportion of whose members
The EHS Guidelines are required to adhere by IFC cyclically and predictably cross one or more national
clients under Performance Standard 3 on Pollution jurisdictional boundaries. The parties are also required
Prevention and Abatement. to promote or co-operate with other countries in matters
of research on migratory species.
2.6.5. ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND The Convention contains two appendices. Appendix I
SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR MEAT contain the list of migratory species that are endangered
PROCESSING according to the best scientific evidence available. For
these species, the member states to the Convention are
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS)
required endeavour to:
Guidelines are technical reference documents with
general and industry specific examples of Good Conserve and restore their habitats;
International Industry Practice (GIIP) 1. When one or
more members of the World Bank Group are involved Prohibit their hunting, fishing, capturing, harassing
in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as and deliberate killing;
required by their respective policies and standards.
These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be Remove obstacles and minimize activities that
used together with the General EHS Guidelines seriously hinder their migration;
document, which provides guidance to users on Control other factors that might endanger them,
common EHS issues potentially applicable to all including control of introduced exotic species.
industry sectors. When host country regulations differ
from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Appendix II lists the migratory species, or groups of
Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever species, that have an unfavourable conservation status
is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures as well as those that would benefit significantly from the
than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are international co-operation that could be achieved
appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a through intergovernmental agreements.
full and detailed justification for any proposed
alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific 2.7.3. THE CONVENTION ON
environmental assessment. The EHS Guidelines for WETLANDS OF INTERNATIONAL
Meat Processing include information relevant to meat
processing, focusing on bovine and porcine slaughtering
IMPORTANCE, RAMSAR 1971
and processing from reception of the animals until the Pakistan is a signatory to the said Convention. The
carcasses are ready for sale or further processing. principal obligations of contracting parties to the
Chapter 02 16
Convention are:
2.7.5. INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
To designate wetlands for the List of Wetlands of CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND
International Importance. NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN) RED
To formulate and implement planning so as to LIST
promote wise use of wetlands, to carry out an EIA The red list is published by IUCN and includes those
before transformations of wetlands, and to make species that are under potential threat of extinction.
national wetland inventories. These species have been categorized as:
To establish nature reserves on wetlands and Endangered: species that are sent to be facing a very
provide adequately for their wardening and high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future,
through management to increase waterfowl reduction of 50% or more either in the last 10 years
populations on appropriate wetlands. or over the last three generations, survive only in
small numbers, or have very small populations.
To train personnel competent in wetland research,
management and wardening. Vulnerable in Decline: species that are seen to be
facing a risk of extinction in the wild, having
To promote conservation of wetlands by combining
apparent reductions of 20% or more in the last 10
far-sighted national policies with coordinated
years or three generations.
international action, to consult with other contracting
parties about implementing obligations arising from Vulnerable: species that are seen to be facing a high
the Convention, especially about shared wetlands risk of extinction in the wild, but not necessarily
and water system. experiencing recent reductions in population size.
To promote wetland conservation concerns with Lower Risk: species that are seen to be facing a risk
development aid agencies. of extinction that is lesser in extent that for any of
the above categories.
To encourage research and exchange of data.
Data Deficient: species that may be at risk of
So far 19 sites in Pakistan have been declared as
extinction in the wild but at the present time there
wetlands of International Importance or Ramsar Sites.
is insufficient information available to make a firm
None of these wetlands is located within or in close decision about its status.
vicinity of the project area.
2.8 internationaL and
2.7.4. CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL nationaL environment
TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES and Conservation
OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA organizations
(CITES) 2.8.1. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL
This convention came into effect on 03 March 1973 in NGOS
Washington. In all 130 countries are signatory to this
convention with Pakistan signing the convention in 1976. International environmental and conservation
The convention requires the signatories to impose strict organisations such as IUCN and the World Wide Fund
regulation (including penalization, confiscation of the for nature (WWF) have been active in Pakistan for some
specimen etc.) regarding trade of all species threatened time. Both these organisations have worked closely with
with extinction or that may become so, in order not to government and act in an advisory role with regard to
endanger further their survival. the formulation of environmental and conservation
Policies. Since the convening of the Rio Summit, a
The Convention contains three appendices. Appendix I number of national environmental NGOs have also
include all species threatened with extinction which are been formed, and have been engaged in advocacy, and
or may be affected by trade. The Convention requires in some cases, research. Most prominent national
that trade in these species should be subject to strict environmental NGOs, such as the Sustainable
regulation. Appendix II include species that are not Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Strengthening,
necessarily threatened presently but may become so Participatory Organization (SPO), Shehri, and
unless trade in specimens of these species is subject to Shirkatgah are members of the Pakistan National
strict regulation. Appendix III includes species which Committee (PNC) of IUCN.
any contracting party identifies as subject to regulations
in trade and requires other parties to cooperate in this As mentioned earlier, environmental NGOs have been
matter. particularly active in advocacy, as proponents of s
Chapter 02 17
ustainable development approaches. Much of the

government's environmental and conservation policy
has been formulated in consultation with leading
NGOs, who have also been involved in drafting new
legislation on conservation.
2.9 FFbL CorPorate

reQuirements
2.9.1. CORPORATE HSE (HEALTH,
SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT) POLICY
FFBL undertakes that Health, Safety and Environment
(HSE) is a management responsibility and is committed
to give priority to health and safety of all its employees
and of other personnel effected by and involved in its
activities. More emphasis is on the recognition and
elimination of risk rather than looking for someone to
blame. FFBL also confers its overriding commitment
towards minimizing impact of its activities on the
natural environment. FFBL Integrated Management
System (IMS) Policy is below in Figure 2-1.
Chapter 02 18
FIGURE 2 1: FFBL IMS POLICY
Chapter 02 19
Chapter 03
Project Description
03 - Project DescriPtion
This chapter provides the description of the proposed It will help to utilize the slaughter wastes for
project of Halal Slaughterhouse & Meat Complex processing into quality by-products, with a value
components and requirements. addition, thereby avoiding environmental pollution
and improving the economic returns from the
3.1 neeD Assessment of the slaughtered animals. In addition, Bio Gas plant is
Project also being considered, which will help in reducing
the projects carbon foot print and producing
Pakistan has not been able to exploit its large livestock environment friendly fertilizer.
population to become a major player in the international
halal meat trade, as meat slaughtered in the traditional It will help to encourage development of the
abattoirs fails to meet international standards. ancillary industries around the abattoir based on
Considering potential and massive opportunities for utilization of slaughter house wastes such as offal
Pakistan, to tap into and network with international (casings/surgical sutures/pet foods), bones (bone
distributors, to cater to the demand for Halal meat meal), blood (blood meal), tertiary animal by
globally, FFBL conducted detailed feasibility study products (like gelatin, gums used by the
(DFS) through a consortium of local & foreign pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry), meat
consultants. On the outcome of the DFS, FFBL meal/ hoof and horn meal etc (animal feed industry),
Management has approved investment in meat processed hide/pelt (leather industry), gut-contents
processing business for export & domestic usage. (manure for agricultural crops or for Bio Gas Plant
for energy) etc.
The project will encompass a modern state-of-the-art
halal meat slaughtering facility with the objective of It will help to increase Pakistans export potential
processing high quality meat, value added products and through meat and value added quality meat
by-products with special focus on international markets products.
i.e. United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia (KSA), Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Malaysia and Iran The proposed project will itself process and produce
along with domestic market. The facility will be capable food-products with value addition such as chilled
to process meat of Cattle, Sheep and Goat. meat (full carcasses and meat cuts) for domestic and
export markets, frozen meat, boneless, boneless
3.2 Project objective meat cuts, and others.
The objective of the proposed project is the construction 3.3 Project LocAtion
of modern halal abattoir and to producing international
standard products and by-products for export and The proposed project is located in district Thatta, taluqa
domestic market. Further, plant will have latest packing Mirpur Sakro and UC Dhabeji. The project site lies near
facility required to export the product as per main N-5, National Highway towards Thatta district.
international standards. The proposed project will Malir district also comes within the 5km radius of study
provide the following advantages: area.
The project will provide additional income and FFBL existing fertilizer plant is approximately 7km away
gainful employment to the nearby villagers and from the proposed project location. The halal slaughter
animal producers. house and meat complex covers an area of about 20.45
Acres. A description of salient features of proposed
It will help to provide required backward and project site is given in Table 3-1.
forward linkage with the farmer-producers to
benefit them from production of better quality 3.3.1 EXISTING FFBL FACILITIES
animals and enable them to establish direct marketing
Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (FFBL)s fertilizer
of animals to the abattoir instead of the present
plant is approximately 7km away from the proposed
system of depending on middle-men/commission
project location towards North on N-5 National
agents.
Highway. Fertilizer Plant is a modern Granular Urea
It will help to produce a clean and quality meat for and Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers
both domestic and export consumers. manufacturing complex which has following facilities;
Chapter 03 01
TABLE 3 1: DESCRIPTION OF SALIENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE
Chapter 03 02
1. Power Generation Capacity: 44 megawatt (02 GE The proposed project of halal slaughterhouse and meat
Gas turbines of 22 MW each) complex, FFBL has a plan to commence its construction
by the end of 2013, and the commissioning is anticipated
2. Bulk Water Storage Capacity: 70 KT to take place in the start of 2015.
3. Phosphoric Acid Storage Capacity: 45 KT
3.5 ProPoseD Project
4. Accommodation facility DescriPtion
5. Training facility Modern halal abattoir is designed with the objective of
producing international standard products and
6. Clinical facility. by-products for export and domestic market. Further,
plant will have latest packing facility required to export
3.4 Project PhAses AnD the product as per international standards. The general
scheDuLe slaughtering process is described in Figure 3-1 below.
The proposed project activities can be broadly divided The meat abattoir facility will have a capacity of 100 tons
into following four phases: /day, in which cattle, goat and sheep would be
slaughtered. Plant is configured on net meat 100
1. Design phase
tons/day on 08 hours basis, with 85% Beef and 15%
2. Construction Phase Mutton. Slaughtering capacity of the abattoir is
tabulated from Table 3-2 to Table 3-4 below.
3. Commissioning Phase
The facility also have a cattle and sheep casing and
4. Operation phase rendering unit, and wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP). Further to the facility, other associated
The project is expected to take approximately 20 months facilities like one day lairage facility, and an additional
to two years to design, engineer, construct and commission 20acres facility for the reception of live stock is also
to full operation. included in the proposed project.
FIGURE 3 1: GENERAL SLAUGHTERING PROCESS
Chapter 03 03
TABLE 3 2: TOTAL SLAUGHTERING CAPACITY
TABLE 3 3: FINAL PRODUCTS
TABLE 3 4: BYPRODUCTS
Chapter 03 04
processing of carcass meat cutting, packing,

3.5.1 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF ABATTOIR labeling, preservation and cold storage and dispatch
The design of construction and layout of the modern section.
abattoir includes the following steps:
The rendering unit will have facilities for conversion
Unloading ramp for transferring animals brought by of raw animal waste (legs, head, lungs, trimmings
trucks and transferring them to the resting area. and other inedible waste matter from slaughtered
animal) into blood/bone meal and tallow.
Holding Pens - Lairages
Other items required for proper functioning of the
Ante-mortem examination and certification of animals. abattoir are:
The slaughtering and handling of dressed carcasses a) Water storage tanks and pipe line,
and edible organs will be done in the slaughtering
hall having rails in dressing lines (double line for b) Amenities and office, Laboratory,
cattle (on ground floor) and single line for sheep &
goats (on first floor). c) Storage room,
The edible parts will be transferred to another hall d) Chilling rooms, blast freezers, cold storages,
and handled for further processing or sent to e) Utilities and services area,
chilling section for further disposal. The animal
by-products (hide/pelt processing, rendering for f) Emergency Slaughtering Unit
blood/meat and bone meal) will be done in separate
premises. g) Incinerator for diseased animals and waste
material,
The slaughter hall will have following facilities:
h) Fencing,
Holding/ Restraining of animals;
i) Internal Roads, gates and security; and
Manual cutting of juglar veins, carotid artery,
esophagus, trachea, bleeding and collection of j) Effluent treatment plant, etc.
blood;
3.6 Process DescriPtion -
Hoisting animals on moving aerial rails; oPerAtionAL PhAse of
Skinning and Dressingcutting and removing AbAttoir
skin; Following is the description of abattoir facilities and
main steps of the proposed project process: Process flow
Removing hind and fore-legs and skull;
diagram of proposed project is shown in Figure 3-2.
Evisceration- removing guts, internal organs etc;
3.6.1 UNLOADING RAMPS AND RESTING
Post mortem inspection and certification; AREA
Transferring dressed carcasses for a thorough The purchased animals are offloaded from the vehicles
wash; through the unloading ramps and are placed in a resting
area which is properly enclosed and has feed/water
Fast cooling of all slaughtered carcasses to
facility. Unloading ramp for unloading animals from
reduce temperature to 4C;
trucks has been provided at the entrance.
Deboning and piecing room;
3.6.2 LAIRAGE
Blast freezers for deboned finished product with
or without bone; The lairage area will be covered, providing protection
against adverse weather conditions for cattle, sheep and
Examination, labelling and certification, transport goats waiting for slaughtering. It will be constructed of
and dispatch; suitable material so as to facilitate easy and thorough
cleaning. Facilities shall also provide for the
Transferring hide/pelt for processing; ante-mortem inspection to take place and detention
facilities of animals that requires further inspection and
Transferring other raw materials for further
evaluation. The floors and passage ways will be properly
processing as blood, meat and bone meal etc.
sloped to ensure the satisfactory drainage. The floor will
Processing hall will have facilities for further also be surfaced to ensure that the animals have a safe
Chapter 03 05
foothold. There will be a facility for washing and performed, sheep are tied by one of their rear legs and
disinfecting for all types of cattle transport vehicles. hooked up to a raising device until they reach the
These facilities and equipment will be maintained in bleeding track. After bleeding, the animals are
good working order. transferred to the dressing conveyor track. The feet are
then removed, the skin opened up along the breastbone
Separate lairages will be constructed for cattle and sheep and the hide partially flayed. After this, it is the time for
/ goat. Capacity of lairage area for cattle and sheep / goat dehiding and cutting the heads. Flaying can then be
will be 800 and 1300 animals, respectively. Reducing the completed and the hide removed. The paunch can then
stress of animals being led to slaughter may help be removed to the inspection buggy and the red offal
slaughterhouse operators improve efficiency. (including lungs) placed on hooks or the inspection table
Accordingly, curved cattle chutes will be provided for for inspection. After the inspection, carcasses are aligned
the cattle to reach slaughtering hall. Curved cattle chutes for their transport and chilling / freezing.
are more efficient for handling cattle because they take
advantage of the natural behavior of cattle. Cattle move 3.6.4 DETENTION
through curved races more easily because they have a
natural tendency to go back to where they came from. Any carcass, requiring further detailed inspection is
In case of sheep and goats, conveyor system will be diverted to the detention/ quarantine room, if found
provided. okay it is brought to the main line or otherwise delivered
to the condemned carcass room on the ground floor
3.6.3 SLAUGHTERING OF ANIMALS through the chute. All other organs are delivered to their
respective areas on the ground floor through the chutes.
This process involves Halal slaughtering of animals, The carcasses passed for consumption are washed and
dressing and evisceration, chilling and expedition. The stamped with abattoir seal. The carcasses are delivered
hide/pelt will be given a primary treatment of common from the delivery dock.
salt and stored for sale. The slaughter house wastes like
head, feet, and inedible internal organs will be converted 3.6.5 CHILLING
to meat / bone meal by rendering. Animal fat recovered
during rendering will be collected separately for sale. To prevent or even to reduce the deterioration process,
The design assumes procedures for slaughter the small particularly microorganism development, carcasses
and large animals in a two separate lines. The general chilling have to be carried out quickly at the end of the
procedures are described below: slaughter process and the chilled state has to be main-
tained until the meat is processed for consumption.
a) Catle Line: Chilling can be defined as the fundamental operation in
Animals will be lead from their pens up to the halal applying cold to meat to reduce its temperature quickly.
slaughtering box, which will turn and rotate 180 in This is done in a cold chamber with intensive air draught
order the slaughter according to Halal rite. Then the or movement. Rapid cooling of the meat surface not only
animal is hoisted up to the bleeding track by means of a slows and nearly stops the development of surface
hoist chain or a continuous elevator. In this area it is micro-organisms but also discoloration of the surface
performed the cutting of front legs, horns and udders. owing to hemoglobin oxidation. Chillers will have a
Once the animal is bled, it is transferred up to the cooling capacity of (0-4C air temperature). The process
dressing track. It is at this stage when the operative is to is developed in two stages: the first one called fast
cut the rear legs and prepare the animal for the so-called cooling, and the next is "maduration" where air
pre-dehiding / decorticating. temperature will be 0C and 0-4C, respectively, but this
process is only for sheep/goat carcass. In case of cattle
It is at this moment when dressing tasks are performed
carcass, chilling is provided at 0-4C continuously.
i.e. pre-dehiding / decorticating, skinning, cutting of
Evaporators with specifications from 1.5 mts/s to 3 mts/s
head, oesophagus binding, cutting of brisket bone, offal
range will be installed. Relative humidity would be also
removal, carcass splitting, etc. After the veterinary
kept very high (90-95%) to minimize looses. The
inspection post, sorting and weighing of carcasses, these
temperature to achieve at the core meat would be 7-10
are led to the cold storage room in which they will
C in a first step and then 0-4C at the end of the process,
remain until they are expedited. The whole process is
which will be usually performed in a second chiller
performed under a non-stop basis by means of mechanical
called maduration, where air temperature still keep at
or manual processes.
0-4C.
b) Sheep / Goat Line:
Sheep slaughtering is performed making operatives 3.6.6 FREEZING
achieve higher yield with minimal effort. The first stage Freezing is usually limited to meat to be used as buffer
of the slaughtering line starts when sheep are driven stock, frequently intended for export or for storage with
from their pens up to the slaughtering area with a a view to later processing. When the preservation period
mechanical restrainer. Once the slaughtering itself is
Chapter 03 06
is longer than that acceptable for chilled meat, freezing 1. Cattle and sheeps casings or small guts.
must be used to minimize any physical, biochemical and
microbiological changes affecting quality in storage. 2. Cattle white offals: omasum, abomassum
During freezing most of the water content of the meat, 3. Meat, bone and blood meal and tallow will be
about 80 percent solidifies into pure ice crystals, produced by dry rendering of animal- wastes
accompanied by a separation of dissolved solids. A received from the slaughter hall.
product can be considered frozen when its centre has a
temperature of -12C or less. To reach this temperature 4. Primary processing (salting) of raw skins received
the product passes through the temperature range of from the slaughter hall.
maximum crystallization (from -1 to - 5C). The speed
of freezing is a very important factor as frozen meat 3.6.10 RENDERING PLANT
quality depends mainly on the size of the ice crystal
formed: the lower the speed of freezing the larger the FFBL intend to operate a rendering plant and the
size of the crystals. Slow freezing facilitates the purpose of the rendering facility is to process animal
separation of solution and the migration of water out of by-products (i.e. the inedible parts of the animals after
the muscle cells which is subsequently frozen, forming the good meat is removed from the animal for sale).
rather large crystals. Quick freezing (blast freezing) These by-products will be converted into two separate
conversely produces many small ice crystals, mainly products in itself in the form of tallow oil and meat and
formed within the muscle cells, and reduces water bone meal. Product will be processed on site without
migration and separation of solution. It is obvious that delay as quick turnover of product contributes to the
the latter technology will preserve the meat closer to its quality of product produced. Blood will be sent to
original quality and, particularly during thawing, rendering plant for further processes. Whole blood from
moisture loss will generally be lower. Freezers will have slaughterhouses contains 16 to 18 percent total protein
freezing capacity to achieve -40C as a room solids and is processed and dried to recover protein as
temperature, in order to get -18 C in the core meat as blood meal. The blood meal is a valuable ingredient in
soon as possible, having time to take all meat out and animal feed because it has a high Lysine content.
ready for next slaughtering day. Once the product is
frozen, this will be stocked in cold storages rooms at an 3.6.11 FINISHED PRODUCTS
air temperature of - 20 C. 1. Chilled Meat: It is assumed that the average live
weight of an animal be it sheep or goat would be
3.6.7 CUTTING AND DEBONING 20kg and 250kg for cattle. In actual practice,
Carcasses are led into the cutting room hanging on pull depending upon specific demand of the domestic or
lines / rails (beef). At this stage they are cut into pieces international market, it could be more or less.
depending on their final use. Along the main track (in Dressed weight is assumed to be about 45-55 percent
which carcasses remain hanging upside down), there are of the live weight and for this report it is considered
other workplaces in which it is performed the cutting of to be 10-11kg per small animal and 105-110kg per
ribs, backbone, loins and shoulder blade etc. In each of large animal. For this report, it is assumed that 100
the cutting lines there are a number of operatives who percent of the meat with bones would be chilled for
perform the different cuts and separate the meat pieces export. The chilled meat carcass will be transported
for their commercialization. in a hanging condition in refrigerated vans from the
plant to the city. The chilled carcasses required for
3.6.8 PACKAGING exports will be wrapped in stockinet / cotton shroud.
The slaughtered animals will be hung as dressed 2. Hide/Pelts: It is necessary to use efficient methods of
carcasses or cut and packed in pieces, as per market removing hide/pelts from the slaughtered animal so
demand in stockinet / cotton shroud/vacuum packaging that there are minimum cuts and blemishes on the
and dispatched in insulated / refrigerated vans. The hide/pelt, failing which the monetary value of the
dressed carcasses will be wrapped in stockinet / cotton hide/pelt is considerably reduced. The hide/pelt is
shroud bags. The portioned meat is proposed to be semi processed by washing and placing it in the
packed in polyethylene plastic bags which are suitably brine tank containing common salt (about 0.25 1kg
sealed and have the required information printed on per skin). Thereafter, it is dried by keeping it
them and they will be bar-coded. hanging on the rails.
3. Animal Fat: During rendering process, a small

3.6.9 PRODUCTION OF ANIMAL BY quantity of animal fat will be available from the
PRODUCTS animals. The fat will be drained from the cooked
The major by-products from animal wastes from the meat and bone meal. It will then store in 200kg tins
slaughterhouse will be as under: for storage and further transportation.
Chapter 03 07
4. Future products having value addition: Products

like Sausage/Salami/Hamburger/ Patties and pet 3.7.1 RESOURCES CONSUMPTION AND
foods with value addition can be considered with SUPPLIES
additional machinery and equipment. Stang
5. Blood: Blood is a valuable source of protein. It is expected that around 150~200 skilled and unskilled
Alternatively it will be processed to make blood personnel will be required during construction activities
meal. of the project. Local people will also be hired during
project activities.
6. Meat and Bone Meal: Inedible waste materials form
the slaughtered animals will be converted into a Water & Electricity Sourcing
mixed meat and bone meal by the process of Water required during construction period will be
dry-rendering, which involves cooking of the raw obtained from Karachi Water Supply Authority. Potable
wet-waste under steam pressure in a double jacketed water collected for the proposed project will meet NEQS
steam cooker, followed by cooling the dry material, for drinking water and WHO guidelines.
to the required particle size by using hammer mill.
The product will be stored in gunny bags. The bags Electricity from Karachi Electric Supply Company
will be suitably sealed giving name of the company, (KESC) will be the primary source during the construction
date of manufacture and composition of product. phase and generators will be used as backup. Other
The bags will be stored in room temperature until supplies required during the construction phase include
they are sold. office and camp supplies.
Construction Material Sourcing
3.7 construction PhAse of During the construction, a large amount of construction
AbAttoir material will be required. This will include steel, cement,
FFBL plans to start the construction activity for the sand, and aggregates for building, road and pavement
proposed project by the end of 2013 and expects to construction. Construction material may be obtained
complete it at the start of 2015. from the Thatta district if material of required
specifications is available. Alternatively, the construction
Typical activities that are conducted during the civil material will be obtained from Karachi or any other
construction are listed below: place where available.
Construction camp setup and mobilization of 3.7.2 WASTE DISCHARGE

contractors
Gaseous Emissions
Excavation for foundations
The primary source of gaseous emissions during
Laying of foundations construction activities will be diesel-engine driven
generator exhaust and the transportation vehicles. Other
Masonry work emission sources include construction machinery,
vehicle exhaust emissions, and dust emissions from
Concrete work excavation and other field activities.
Asphalt work (pavement, roads, etc.) Waste Disposal
Finishing (plastering, painting, etc.) Waste material will be disposed off as per FFBL waste
management plan.
The equipment will be brought to site by road and will
be erected on site and commissioned. Typical activities 3.8 resources consumPtion -
that are conducted during slaughterhouse erection are oPerAtionAL PhAse
listed below:
Placement of the steam generating boilers, diesel

3.8.1 STAFFING
operated electrical generators and cold It is expected that around 300~400 personnel including
storage/freezing unit on the foundations; higher management, middle management, lower
management, export / admin / HR / Supply Chain /
Laying of pipes; finance, skilled and unskilled staff will be appointed
during operational phase of the project. Local people
Welding, joining, etc. will also be hired during project activities.
Electrical installation (cabling, switchgears etc.)
Painting
Chapter 03 08
Figure 3 2: Process Flow Diagram
Chapter 03 09
tallow, and mucosa. It may also have a high nitrogen

3.8.2 WATER CONSUMPTION content, pathogens and phosphorus from the blood and
Water for the operational phase of the project would be contain detergents from cleaning operations. Volumes
procured through pipeline from Karachi Water Supply of effluent also tend to be high because of the need to
Authority. Approximately 1300 cubic meters per day of clean animals, daily replacement of water in the scalding
raw water will be required during operation phase. tank and wash down of equipment and flooring on a
daily basis. The slaughterhouse will use modern
Main water usage will be for watering and washing technology and design, in line with good international
livestock, cleaning vehicles, dehairing and rind practice to reduce effluent volumes and reduce the BOD
treatment, rinsing carcasses and by-products, and and COD of the wastewater actually reaching the water
cleaning and disinfecting equipment and process areas. treatment plant.
3.8.3 ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION The site will have Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
with a designed capacity up to 1300m3/day during
Electricity from Karachi Electric Supply Company seven working days per week. This design is performed
(KESC) will be the primary source to run the slaughter by assuming a possible increase in the daily yield of the
house and approximately 3.3MW will be required for slaughterhouse. The biological sector of the WWTP will
operational phase of the project. Generators will be used run 24hours per day, while the equipments designed to
as backup. remove solids (screenings) and fats (DAF Unit) will only
work about 16-20hours/day, as a buffer tank at the input
3.9 Waste Discharges anD of the plant will be installed.
By-proDucts
All waste process water produced in the plant will be
The slaughter process is described in Section 3.7, treated to meet the discharge limits prescribed in
resulting in the generation of wastes, wastewater, air National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
emissions and high levels of resource consumption. enlisted in Chapter 2 of the EIA report. A non-exhaustive
Waste products from the slaughtering process can often list of treatment stages includes:
be utilised as a by-product. Wastes include manure from
the lairage pens, contents of the animals stomachs, Course Screening: To remove organic solids.
inedible by-products such as hair and bones, fat Removed organic solids will be transfer to in-edible
recovered via fat separators and non recoverable rendering plant.
materials that require disposal. By-products mix with Balance Tank Storage (Aerated): Storage so that
their quantities are depicted in Table 3-5 above and plant waste water may be processed over twenty
discussed in detail in Section 3.7.10. FFBL plans to four hours/seven days per week. Thereby reducing
maximise the use of these by-products in the following necessary processing capacity.
manner:
Dissolved Air Flotation: To remove majority of
Blood will be processed to make blood meal. suspended solids. Removed suspended solids will
be sent to in-edible rendering plant.
Animal Fat will be processed and stored in
200kg tins for storage and further transportation. Biological Treatment: Water flow free of solids
enters the biological reactor in which the process of
Inedible waste materials form the slaughtered oxidative biotic degradation will be performed
animals will be processed and converted into a
mixed meat and bone meal. The product will be Monitoring: Regular sampling and monitoring will
stored in gunny bags. The bags will be suitably be carried out to ensure the compliance with NEQS
sealed giving name of the company, date of permitted limits.
manufacture and composition of product. The
bags will be stored in room temperature until The treated wastewater will be discharged to the natural
they are sold. drain and then to the sea. Separate systems will be in
place for surface run-off water and sanitary wastewater.
Manure will be transported to concrete silos for
later application to agricultural land as fertiliser Modular Water Treatment Plant
and bio gas generation. The wastewater treatment plant design is based on
sequential batch biological reactor. According to latest
3.9.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND and most modern techniques for waste water treatment,
DISPOSAL SYSTEM the batch biological reactors are the only systems capable
to achieve good quality output with no use of chemicals.
Process water from a slaughterhouse typically has a high
The main advantages of this design are as following:
content of organic material and consequently a high
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical Minimal surface area required.
oxygen demand (COD) due to the presence of blood, Installation of only the strictly necessary single
Chapter 03 10
modules. material and will fulfil the environmental safety

parameters prescribed in this EIA report.
Easy to use and operate. Lowest energy
consumption and maintenance.
3.12 animal Welfare anD
Highest treatment capacity and contaminants
elimination. Veterinary proVisions
Highest capacity to cope with an increase of The livestock will be transported from different part of
loads or different flows and loads. country particularly from Punjab and Sindh provinces
Minimal production of sludge. using a fleet of vehicles designed for the transport of live
animals. When transporting live animals strict animal
No consumption of chemical products. welfare standards apply as per IFC, FAO and EU
standards for animal welfare. Mainly animal welfare
The description of wastewater treatment plant is
guidelines and standards specifies vehicles
provided in AnnexII of the report.
requirements, space per animal, veterinary provisions,
3.10 oDour control system access to food and water, loading and unloading
requirements, ventilation and temperature, rest periods
To control the odour from slaughterhouse an odour during long journeys etc. Animal welfare is discussed
control system is designed based on international best in detail in Chapter 7 of this report.
practices. The process of odour treatment system is
briefly described below: 3.12.1 VETERINARY PROVISION
The odour treatment system will consist of one main air Veterinary provisions will be made according to laws
extraction duct to which all the equipment in the and regulations of Pakistan in relation to IFC, FAO and
production area will be vented. The air extraction duct EU standards for animal welfare. Veterinary provisions
begins in the intake area where all the foul odours are will be provided in accordance to the Pakistan
sucked in to the duct by the negative pressure, which is Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1890 mainly with
maintained in the building. The entire primary odour laws associated to livestock markets, livestock nutrition
sources e.g. sterilizers and presses will be extracted to and livestock allied laws. No injure, sick or recumbent
the main duct. Steam from the cooker / dryer will be the animal will be transported to the slaughterhouse. Every
strongest potential source of odour and this will be led animal will have to clear the mandatory fitness
separately to an external air-cooled condenser. The main inspection and veterinary inspector will confirm its
extraction fan, which will draw all the potentially fitness before transportation.
odorous air through the duct, will be located adjacent to
the bio-filters. The extracted air will first pass through a 3.13 health, safety anD
water scrubber tank / humidifier which will consist of enVironmental
rows of jet nozzles which will give greater contact management stanDarDs
surface area compared to a conventional system. The
scrubbed air stream will then be split between two The construction and operational phase of the project
bio-filters. The walls and slats of the bio-filters will will have to meet the requirements of health, safety and
consist of reinforced concrete to ensure no leak can occur environmental standards and IMS Policy of FFBL. FFBL
of untreated gases. Wood chips will be used as a standards highlight commitment on prioritizing health
medium as they do not become compacted and therefore and safety of all its employees, contractors and visitors
enhance treatment efficiency. An automated sprinkling involved in its activities and confer overriding
system will be installed on both bio-filters, which will commitment towards minimizing impact of its activities
ensure optimum moisture levels are maintained. The on the natural environment. Moreover following
bio-filters will have open tops through which treated air procedures will also be followed during all phases of
will be diffused to the atmosphere. project activities.
1. Safety Unit Management

3.11 incineration of DiseaseD
animals anD Waste
2. FFBL Safety Rules
3. Plant Safety Committees
Incinerator will be installed for final disposal of diseased 4. Work Permit Procedure
animals or diseased parts of animals. The design of
5. Personal Protective Equipment
incinerator is not finalized yet but most preferable it will
be rotary type incinerator with capacity of incineration 6. Safe Driving Procedure
of 450kg per day with heating power of >500.000 Kcal/h. 7. Incident Investigation Procedure
Consideration for the rotary incinerator is due to the 8. Emergency Response Procedure
high water content of the meat material, which will 9. Hazards Identification & Risk Control Procedure.
guarantee a complete homogenization of the raw
Chapter 03 11
Chapter 04
Environmental & Social Baseline

04 - EnvironmEntal & Social BaSElinE
This chapter defines the prevailing environmental and district Thatta Taluqa Mirpur Sakro and Union Council
socio-economic settings of the project area and (UC) Dhabeji and moreover it is one kilometre away
surroundings. The project area in this document is from Malir district of Sindh province. Thatta district has
defined as the area where the project related activities to diversity in physical and biological environment including
be carried out which include the proposed project site ridges or hilly plain areas and costal belt. The project
and surroundings and the area that can interact with the area is bounded on the north by Dadu district, on the
projects positive and negative externalities in the long south is vast area of Thatta district and then Arabian Sea
run. The environmental impact of any activity or process while the south side lies close to the Karachi city. The
will be assessed on the basis of a deviation from the total area of the Thatta district is 17,355 square kilometers
baseline or normal situation. Followings are the main whereas the population of the district is around 1.20
components of the baseline discussed in this section. Million. District Thatta is administratively managed by
9 Talukas, 55 Union Councils, 75 Tappas and 656 Dehs.
Physical Environment River Indus passes through Thatta by dividing the
Biological Environment district in such a way that five Talukas viz: Thatta,
Mirpur Sakro, Ghorabari, Ketibunder & Kharochan are
Socio-economic Environment on the left bank and four Talukas are on the right Bank
of the River Indus.
The description provided in this section is based on
followings: The project site lies in Thatta Distrct of Sindh close to
Gagar Phatak along the N5 National Highway road
Desk-top surveys and literature review. towards Thatta district and 7km away from existing
Field surveys: Baseline data gathered from field Fauji Fertilizer Plant Bin Qasim Karachi. Figure 4-1
activities. shows the study area location map.
Meetings and data collection from the proponent. Project area can be divided into five zones on the basis
of topographical features i.e. ridge and runnel upland in
Existing information sources and data purchase Sindh Kohistan, colluvial fans and plains of Gadap,
such as metrological data of project area. plains of Moidan and Gadap, plains and plateaus of
Government released publications such as Malir-Lyari interfluous, plains and hills of the coastal
Provincial census reports. belt and project site is forty meters above sea level. The
ridge and runnel upland in Sindh Kohistan is the sector
Meetings and data gathering from various of rugged topography in the north of Malir district that
organisations including: is spread over the width of an offshoot branch of Kirthar
range. These distal hill forks out of the kirthar range
District Government,
separating Dadu district.
Union Council Dhabeji
The project area has minor drainage risk which indicates
Sindh Wildlife Department the geological characteristic having rocky base altering
layers of consolidated sandstones interventional by silt
Sindh Livestock and Fisheries Department and clay belts. Figure 4-2 shows the physical
environmental map of the project site.
National Rural Support Program (NRSP)
The terrain rise gradually north word from Arabian Sea
IUCN Pakistan culminating in low, flat-topped parallel hills. Sub
WWF Pakistan parallel ridges interrupted by wide interrupting plains
characterized as a marine denudation plains, sand dunes
4.1 PhySical EnvironmEnt and marines terraces prominent feature of the project
area. Topographical map of the project area is shown in
4.1.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES, TOPOGRAPHY, Figure 4-3.
GEOLOGY
The proposed project corridor mainly comprises of
Chapter 04 01
Figure 4 1: Project Location Map
Chapter 04 02
Figure 4 2: Physical Features of the Project Area
Chapter 04 03
Figure 4 3: Topographical Map of the Project Area
Chapter 04 04
important among them is Nai-Baran which originate

4.1.2 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF from Kirthar range of heights ; it travels a long distance
PROJECT AREA by covering Thano Bulakhan and lakhi range of
The physical soil characteristics of project site mountains falls into the River Indus 6km from south of
investigated by geotechnical study at 10 meter depth Kotri. The scenery where this torrent has cut a passage
showed that the soil was yellowish brown, very dense, through hills is very striking. Its total length is about
silty fine to coarse grained with some gravels & silty 145km. The other important monsoon water courses
clay. Detail of physical soil characteristics are given in (Nais) in the project corridor are Gagar and Ranpathani.
Figure 4-4 while chemical analysis results are shown in
Project corridor bordering Thatta in Right Bank Outfall
Table 4-1.
Drain (RBOD) is out of magnificent deltaic regions
Pictorial over-view of the physical environmental of because the old branch of Indus which ran through
project area is presented in Figure 4-10. Gharo Creek is silted up and now is only represented by
the Kalri canal. Another branch of the river Indus is
4.1.3 HYDROLOGY OF PROJECT AREA more recently extinct and become the Baghar canal.
Ground Water Resources
Surface Water
There is a rational number of ground water resources in
There are plenty of surface water resources in the project
the form of wells and aquifers exist in Taluqa Mirpur
corridor which is situated on the right bank of river
Sakhro union council dhabeji in Thatta district. In Thatta
Indus in Thatta district, in the form of rivers, canals,
district gound water reosurces distributed all over
streams and wetlands. Detail of these resources is given
Talukas/Tehsils/Towns located on right bank of river
as under:
Indus. In Talukas which are located in proximities of
River Indus river Indus, the unconfined sub-surface resourced water
is sweet in character; whereas salinity of water increases
Clusters of Tributary canals emerging from river in the areas situated in proximities of Indian Ocean in
Sind at Jamshoro & Kotri Barrage on RB the southern boundaries.
Haleji Lake (Wildlife Sanctuary) The groundwater composition of various Talukas,
Towns and Cities of project corridor in RBOD of Thatta
Kinjhar Lake (Wildlife Sanctuary) district is depicted in below Table 4-2.
Sonehri Lake, Thatta Irrigation and Drainage
Kinjhar Lake resourced branched canals Thatta district command area is irrigated from Koteri
barrage by pinyari and K.B feeder canal. These canals
Aghimani Lake are not dealt under institutional reform. Irrigation
Department Government of Sindh manages these canals
Raeen Lake directly. Being the tail of the tail, these canals and their
distributaries never get adequate water for irrigation.
Muyo Akil Shah Lake
The infrastructure of these canals is in a debilitated
Dhand Yimani shape.
Makarvari Lake Approximately 15km within the project area four

natural flood drains exist i.e. Ghaggar Dhora, Lath Wala
Large amount of these water resources are used for Dhora,Jhulay wala nala and Dhabeji wala Dhora. Lath
agricultural in Thatta district; whereas its viable volume Wala Dhora flood drainage passes adjacent to boundary
is used for drinking purposes. Two branches are wall of project site towards Arabian Sea. It was found
emerging from Kinjhar Lake serve as significant water during primary stakeholder consultation that Lath
resource for Karachi city. In addition to this some Wala Dhora remains dry in floods season. So there is
irrigation canals even supplying surface water to remote no chance of floods or any natural hazard due to rain.
areas like Badin and Tharparkar districts respectively
through Jamshoro Barrage on left bank of river Indus.
Monsoon Nais (Water Courses)
In addition to Indus River, the project eastern & northern
boundaries have numerous water courses (channels)
which drain the northern hills during monsoon season
and are referred to as Nais .There exists violent water
inflow torrents following monsoon precipitation but it
quickly dry up when the rainy season ceases. Most
Chapter 04 05
FIGURE 4 4: LITHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PROJECT AREA SOIL
Chapter 04 06
TABLE 4 1: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GROUND WATER IN DISTRICT THATTA

IN RBOD
4.1.4 CLIMATOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY Mean Wind Direction at 1200 UTC
The climate of the project area can be broadly classified Mean Relative Humidity at 1200 UTC
as arid, moderate, hot and humid climate typical of
Climatic Zones and Rainfall
subtropical coastal areas under the influence of
monsoons. The mild winter is restricted to the The climate in the macro-environment of the project area
December-February period. The summer extends from is hot and arid and project corridor falls under hot
April to September, which overlaps the short spells of summer & mild winters. Around project area climate is
the main rainy season during July-August. The weather generally hot and relatively humid especially in the
tends to be very humid during May-June and September summers (April to October) when the prevailing wind
and pleasant during the periods of July to August and is from the south west. The winters are short and mild
November to March. from December to mid-February.
The coastal area of the Indus delta is largely influenced The annual rain fall in the macro-environment area
by the subtropical monsoon regime. The strong varies from minimum 65.9 mm in 2004 till maximum of
southwest monsoon period prevails from May to 465.6 mm rainfall experienced during the year 2007.The
September while the weak northeast monsoon period is mean monthly rain fall data recorded at Karachi Air Port
restricted to the period between December to January. Metrological Station (the nearest metrological station) of
The period between the two monsoons is considered to Pakistan Metrological Department is summarized in
be transitional or calm period with winds of variable Table 4-2 whereas Annual Rainfall data is presented in
speed and direction. The weather during the inter-monsoon Figure 4-5.
periods is uncertain and short spells of dust storms, dry Temperature
weather, or a humid cool breeze may prevail for short
Temperature trend in the project corridor was minimum
durations.
registered at 10.1C in Jan, 2008 and it was highest found
Observatory record of the Pakistan Meteorological 37.7C in the month of April, 2007. The annual mean
Department (PMD) at Karachi International Airport has maximum temperature has generally ranged between
been used as a data source for the following metrological 32C and 33C, while the annual mean minimum
parameter. temperature has increased from 21.0C to 22.5 C. Latest
data for maximum and minimum temperature for the
Mean Monthly Maximum Temperature year 2003 to 2012 is presented in Table 4-3 and Table
4-4 and Figure 4-6 and Figure 4-7 respectively.
Mean Monthly Minimum Temperature
Mean Monthly Precipitation
Mean Wind Velocity at 1200 UTC
Chapter 04 07
TABLE 4 2: MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA FROM 2003 2012 (MM)
FIGURE 4 5: ANNUAL RAIN FALL DURING 2003 2012 (MM)
Chapter 04 08
TABLE 4 3: MEAN MONTHLY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (C)
FIGURE 4 6: ANNUAL MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (20032012) 0C
Chapter 04 09
TABLE 4 4: MEAN MONTHLY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (C)
FIGURE 4 7: ANNUAL MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (20032012) 0C
Chapter 04 10
Relative Humidity Winds

Humidity mainly caused by solar exposed surface Winds & Rainfall both have pronounced impacts on air,
waters including wetlands & Oceans, is one of the major soil and aquatic system of environment and is responsible
causes of green houses effect in addition to chemical, to alter it on significant intensity depending on its severity
biological & thermal induced gases in the troposphereic levels.
air ecosystem. The relative humidity typically ranges
from 26% (dry) to 76 % (humid) during the years from Mean monthly Wind speed trend in the macro environment
2003 to 2012. It was registered at elevated levels during of project corridor was lowest registered at 1.0 knot in
the months May through August ranging at 60-80% November, 2004 and it was highest recorded 12.6 knot
generally. Average of Annual mean monthly Relative in the month of May, 2008 during afternoon hours;
humidity was minimum found 48% & highest was whereas its Annual figure was lowest recorded 4.3 knots
recorded at 51%. Ten years pattern of relative humidity in 2007 and it was highest monitored 7.9 knots in 2008.
is summarized in the Table 4-5 and Figure 4-8 Table 4-6 and Figure 4-9 provides wind speed trait from
2003 to 2012.
TABLE 4 5: MEAN MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT 12:00 UTC (%) (2003 2012)
FIGURE 4 8: ANNUAL RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT 12:00 UTC (%)
Chapter 04 11
TABLE 4 6: MEAN MONTHLY WIND SPEED AT 12:00 UTC (KNOTS)
FIGURE 4 9: ANNUAL WIND SPEED (KNOTS)
Wind Direction et al. 2003). The burden of natural disasters in Pakistan

Mean monthly wind direction trend during 2003 to 2012 can be underlined by the fact that they have been
is presented in Table 4-7. The trend shows that it was responsible for the deaths of 6037 people in the period
mostly directed South-Western all the year except it was from 1993 to 2002, with a further 8.9 million people were
altered North-Eastern during the months of December also affected (World Disasters Report 2003). More than
& January. 80,000 people died and 3.5 million lost their homes in a
single event: the earthquake of 8 October 2005 and
4.1.5 NATURAL DISASTERS floods in 2010.
Pakistan is situated within a hazard-prone region and is

exposed to a variety of natural disasters such as oods,
cyclones, earthquakes, landslides and droughts. Rapid
population growth, uncontrolled development and
unmanaged expansion of infrastructure are the most
common factors that result in more people being
vulnerable to natural hazards than ever before (Cardona
Chapter 04 12
TABLE 4 7: MEAN MONTHLY WIND DIRECTION AT 12:00 UTC (KNOTS)

(2003 2012)
1. Earthquake 2. Cyclones
The distribution of seismic zones and historical records Cyclones cause significant damage in the coastal areas
of earthquake events measured and analyzed by the of Sindh and Baluchistan provinces. The low-lying
Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) were used to coastal belt allows storms to travel several hundred
identify those districts most prone to earthquakes. kilometers inland and along the way destroy crops,
Figure shows distributions for various categories of agricultural productivity by creating water-logging and
earthquake affected districts, where a high classication settlements. Fourteen cyclones have been recorded
refers to those districts located in high seismicity zones between 1971 and 2001. A 1999 cyclone in the Thatta and
(between 8.0 and 5.9 on the Richter magnitude scale) that Badin districts of Sindh province destroyed 73 settle-
are frequently affected by medium and low intensity ments, killed 168 people, impacted 0.6 million people,
earthquakes, medium refers to districts situated in the and killed 11 thousand cattle. The number of cyclonic
medium seismicity zone (between 5.0 and 3.9 on the events and their intensities measured by the Pakistan
Richter magnitude scale) that are occasionally affected Meteorological Department (PMD), along with related
by low intensity earthquakes, low refers to districts in information from various reports by the World
low seismicity zones (between 3.0 and 1.0 on the Richter Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United
magnitude scale) that are rarely affected by earthquakes, Nations Organization UNO, were utilized to rank the
and not affected (less than 1.0 on the Richter magnitude districts that are prone to cyclones as having high,
scale) refers to those districts that are neither in a seismic medium or low cyclone potential (Figure b).
zone nor affected by earthquakes. The area of Dhabeji
District Thatta Tehsil Mirpur Sakhru comes under low During interviews with local community they said in
seismicity zones, so the project area is under low our area there is no flood, cyclones hazards occurred in
seismicity zone. past as compared to other area of Thatta Districts of
Sindh province.
Chapter 04 13
3. Floods monitored;
Data from three different sources have been combined
l. Ambient air quality monitoring,
by means of GIS: (1) a ood distribution map for
Pakistan from the WMO, (2) the most ood prone 2. Noise monitoring,
districts, as investigated by the PMD, (3) those districts
that are most likely to be affected, as indicated by the 3. Soil sampling and analysis
Federal Flood Commission of Pakistan. These were used
to derive ood hazard rankings for the individual 4. Water sampling and analysis
districts of Pakistan as shown in Figure d. Districts Environmental baseline monitoring was conducted at
located along rivers and commonly affected by seasonal different locations. The details of the sampling/ monitoring
or ash oods are ranked highly, while those that are locations along with discussions on result are given
less flood hazards. Data from three different sources subsequent sections. Pictorial over-view of environmental
have been combined by means of GIS: (1) a ood monitoring carried out in the project area is presented
distribution map for Pakistan from the WMO, (2) the in Figure 4-11.
most ood prone districts, as investigated by the PMD,
(3) those districts that are most commonly affected are
ascribed a medium rank. Those districts rarely affected
4.2.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
by oods are ascribed a low rank and those never Project site lies in rural area of Dhabeji adjacent to N-5
affected by oods are described as not affected. National Highway towards Thatta district and 07km
away from Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim plant site area.
It was concluded from the primary stakeholder There is no industrial pollution source in the vicinity of
consultation and past flood data review that the project project site as there are only storage rice godown and
area has never been affected from the flood hazards. agriculture land in nearby areas. Vehicular emission and
vehicular noise are the only major source of pollution at
project site. Local community use wood as fuel for
burning purpose.
The air quality in the area is generally good, with

negligible sources of pollution like emissions from
vehicular traffic which cause smoke and dust emissions
with localized effect.
Criteria and most suspected monitoring parameters

including SO2, NOx, NO & CO, were monitored at
project site to determine the magnitude of these
pollutant gases at project macro-environment i.e.
Dhabeji at Thatta district and general impacts of above
mentioned major air pollutants on environment and
human health are discussed here. Ambient air quality
4. Tsunamis was monitored at one point for continuously 08 hours.
The coastal areas of Sindh might experience the effects Air monitoring pattern conducted on the project site on
of Tsunamis as the coast line of Pakistan had this natural eight hour monitoring referred above indicates the CO
hazard in the recent past. An earthquake of magnitude figure was recorded 13.03mg/m3. Nitrogen oxide (NO)
8.3 generated a destructive tsunami wave in the was found at 9.35g/m3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was
Northern Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean on 28th 0.13g/m3 and sulphur dioxide was maximum recorded
November, 1945, producing 12m to15m high sea waves 1.45g/m3 respectively. The results of ambient air
that killed at least 4,000 people in Pasni and adjoining monitoring are presented in below Table 4-9. The overall
areas. The tsunami hit as far as Mumbai in India. ambient air quality result shows carbon monoxide
Karachi, about 450km from the epicentre, experienced concentration is high which is due to vehicular
2m high sea waves which affected harbour facilities. movement of National Highway as well as Port Qasim
Hence, the occurrence of another tsunami in the future industrial area activities contribute in increase the
cannot be ruled out. Table 4-8 gives details of historical concentration of CO of the project area, while rest of all
natural disaster of Thatta District. parameters are well within limits of NEQS.
4.2 environmental baSeline

monitoring
In order to assess the baseline conditions of the project
area, following environmental components were
Chapter 04 14
TABLE 4 8: HISTORY OF NATURAL DISASTER IN THATTA DISTRICT
Chapter 04 15
FIGURE 4 10: PICTORIAL PROFILE OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT AREA
Small Hills in Project Area Topographical Feature of Project Site
Railway Track in Project Area Agriculture Field
Barren Area of Project Area Lath Wala Dhora
Chapter 04 16
TABLE 4 9: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS OF PROJECT AREA
4.2.2 NOISE MONITOIRNG TABLE 4 10: NOISE MONITORING

In the absence of any reliable and established noise data, RESULTS (8 HOUR) OF PROJECT AREA
noise level monitoring was conducted at the same
locations where ambient air quality was measured
(project site and adjoining area) for continuously 08
hours at project site adjacent to N-5 National Highway.
As per NEQS defined guidelines, the noise
measurements were made at a height of 1.5 meters
above the ground, and the LAeq was monitored at
respective location. Noise measurements were carried
out using a CIRRUS CR-831 Class-I Integrating Sound
Level Meter, fitted with A, and C filter networks in
accordance with IEC61672 (2002) as well as IEC 60651 &
IEC 60804 for compliance with virtually all Noise
measurement regulations. The sound level meter was
calibrated before measurement using CIRRUS CR-515
Acoustic Calibrator and in addition to this CR-831 is
factory calibrated to ensure overall measurements are 4.2.3 SOIL QUALITY OF PROJECT AREA
corrected and within the tolerance required by the
Soil Quality monitoring of project site was conducted in
standard.
accordance with standard conditions, procedures and
Elevated noise is viably absent in Project proximities due protocols at two separated locations within the project
to acute absence of noise causing equipments in the corridor. Total 2 soil monitoring sites referred to as SS-I
project corridors. Generally, significant sources of noise and SS-II, were carefully selected in a way that would
emanation are triggered by transportation, population represent average soil quality character of all the
and railway traffic which is assumed falling extremely periphery of the project facility; these soil samples were
short particularly in the project proximities. Noise collected from 12inchs depth from soil cover. The
monitoring results are presented in below Table 4-10. chemical characteristics of the project area soil are
Noise monitoring trend conducted at project site presented in below Table 4-11.
indicates the lowest acoustic level 57.0dB and was
highest recorded 60.2dB. Pakistan EPA has regulated
maximum permissible limit at day time 50dB and in
night hour is 45dB. As such, the acoustic figure of noise
monitored on hourly basis is not complying with NEQS
defined limits. This increase in noise level is due to
heavy vehicular movement on National Highway.
Chapter 04 17
TABLE 4 11: CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PROJECT AREA SOIL
Soil constitutes a vital environmental matrix and it is pH figures of 2 samples were found at 8.95 & 9.02
always significant part of baseline environmental studies respectively, indicating both samples are alkaline in
relating to IEE/EIA/ESA. Physically, soil is composed of nature.
fundamental mineral induced particles referred to as
Clay, Silt, Silica and Gravel respectively; whereas Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) expresses the
chemically it is composed essentially of Air, Water, proportion of exchangeable sodium (Na+) to
Mineral Matter and Some organic matter. Diversity exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium
distributions of fundamental particles in soil determine (Mg2+) ions. Soils with SAR values at 13 or higher
the soil character. Soil is highly amenable to contamination are considered sodic. Crop growth on sodic soils is
of various types and degrees caused primarily by very poor. Excess sodium causes soil particles to
anthropogenic activities; whereas Natural derived repel each other, preventing the formation of soil
contaminations are from rare to none. aggregates. This results in a very tight soil structure
with poor water infiltration and surface crusting.
Total 19 Criteria and most suspected monitoring SAR figures were registered at 1.11 & 1.0, indicating
parameters including PH, OM,EC,SAR ,Ca, Mg, Na, Oil it is well below than critical level of 13.
& Grease, CN and pollutant heavy metals including As,
B, Cd, Cr, , Fe, Se , Hg and Pb were monitored to Organic Matter constitutes that portion of the soil
determine the magnitude of these pollutants at project made up of dead and decayed plant and animal
site , are discussed below. parts. Organic matter provides nutrients for plant
growth while improving the physical condition or
pH indicates acidic or alkaline character of soil. Soils tilth of the soil .Organic Matter regarded most fertile
below pH 6.7 are acidic and soils above pH 7.3 are part of soil consisting about 80-90% Nitrogen, was
alkaline. A pH near 7.0 is considered neutral. Most found at 2.40 & 2.16 mg/kg in both soil samples
crops grow best if the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.5. respectively.
Lime is most commonly used to raise soil pH levels.
Chapter 04 18
Electrical Conductivity determines extent of total environment of Project corridor.

soluble salts in soil and must not surpass
Conclusion
2000S/cm, was recorded 352 & 294S/cm in the 2
soil samples. Both soil samples SS-I and SS-II indicates the soil of
project site is eco-friendly and is found free from
Oil & Grease is the total Oil & Grease contents noxious pollutants that can cause any damage to soil
[Hydrocarbons & Non-Hydrocarbons (polar organic cover of the project corridor. Organic pollutants
compounds)] obtained by extraction of n-hexane. including Oil & Grease, TPH and Phenolic compounds
These includes polar and non-polar hydrocarbons were mostly found at levels below reporting limit;
which all having boiling points greater than 850C. whereas inorganic pollutants including Cyanides &
These are also referred to as hexane extracted Heavy metals were also registered at such low levels to
materials or HEM; these were recorded below cause any sort of environmental disturbance to soil
reporting limit in both the samples collected from environment of the project site.
project site.
4.2.4 Water Quality monitoring
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) is that part
of hydrocarbon which is non-polar in nature and is of ProjeCt area
not adsorbed by Silica Gel while extraction is Five water samples were collected under standard
conducted after silica gel treatment of hexane procedures & protocols adapted by APHA/USEPA, from
extracted materials. So the term SGT-HEM indicates adjoining sites of the project area. The objective of the
the extracted material is obtained by further study was to assess drinking quality of water and to
treatment of HEM with silica gel followed by determine criteria water pollutants induced from natural
extraction with n-hexane , these were found below or anthropogenic sources. Five sampling points were
reporting limit of 5mg/kg in the 2 samples. identified to cover study objectives, sampling points are
depicted below:
Cyanide is used in many chemical and refining
processes. Effluent from electroplating and metal l. Sample-1:Ground Water-I from Mosque
cleaning operations, coke ovens, steel manufacturing,
etc. can end up in lakes, ponds or soil ecosystem, 2. Sample -2:Ground Water from Hotel Juma Khan
was recorded below reporting limit in the 2 soil
3. Sample-3: Surface Water/Municipality water Dhabeji
samples.
4. Sample-4:Ground Water Sample-II
Phenol is usually found in a water body if pine
cleaners and phenolic sanitizers are used and then 5. Sample-5: Sea Water
washed into the drain system and might finally
transport it to soil environment , was registered Total 13 criteria (physical & chemical) tests were
below reporting limit at 0.05mg/kg in the 2 samples conducted on 5 aforementioned samples to determine
respectively. the magnitude of natural borne & anthropogenic borne
components in the aquatic systems. Brief discussion on
Sodium, Calcium & Magnesium are alkali and each of 13 parameters is given below. The water quality
alkaline earth metals widely distributed on earth results are presented in below Table 4-12.
crust, were recorded at quite elevated levels
depicted as under: pH: pH determines the acidic or basic character of
water system and is a vital parameter on which life
Na 2000 1800 of many terrestrial depends, from micro to macro
and even soil matrix of environment which grows
Ca 244000 240000
diverse food for all terrestrial communities
Mg 2087 1887 including human. pH monitoring pattern on 5
samples indicates it was minimum & maximum
These are not human induced contaminants but are recorded 7.49 & 8.11 at Sample -3 (Dhabeji surface
developed naturally might likely due to adjoining water) & Sample-1 respectively; whereas figures of
coastal vicinity. Metals are widely distributed on earth three other samples are lingering between these
planet, its large presence is not regarded hazardous to figures.
human but might not be favourable for soil ecosystem
in terms of productivity and fertility. Electrical Conductivity: Electrical conductivity
determines total soluble salt content, be it is water,
Heavy Metals including As, B, Cd, Cr, Fe, Se, Hg wastewater, soil or any other aquatic matrix in
and Pb are regarded significant pollutants to soil which dissolved ions are responsible to determine
ecosystem, were registered in reasonable concentration it. The highest and lowest recorded EC is 61400 &
ranges except Fe to cause any disregard to soil 1027S/cm in Sample-5 (Sea water) and Sample-3
Chapter 04 19
respectively. biochemical oxidation of organic matter in a water

sample in a specified time (usually 5 days), and at a
TDS: Total dissolved salts in water make up the TDS specified temperature. BOD measurements are used
which essentially consisting of major anions & major as a measure of the organic strength of the water
cations in association with such minor portion of recorded lowest 23 in Sample-3 and was found
anions & cations which are present in trace or minor highest 1320mg/l in Sample-5 of Sea water.
levels. TDS indicates total ionic contents which are
soluble in water and are estimated by multiplying Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): COD measures
E. Conductivity by a factor ranges from 0.55 till 0.70. the amount of oxygen utilized by chemicals
TDS figure highest and lowest recorded 44852mg/l (oxidants) in the chemical oxidation of organic
in Sample-5 in sea water and 564 in Sample-3 matter in a water sample under specified reaction
respectively. Typical sea water composition ranges conditions. Usually acidified dichromate is used and
from 35,000 to 45,000 mg/l depending on sampling digested at 1500C for 2 hours to oxidize the organic
territory of sea water. matter to determine extent of oxygen consumed.
The recorded COD with maximum and minimum
Alkalinity / Hardness: Large scale distribution of values of 3040mg/l and 53mg/l in Sample-5 and
alkaline earth metals mainly Calcium & Magnesium Sample-3 respectively.
causes to develop alkalinity & hardness in any
aquatic system , induced mainly from lime stone , Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Oil & Grease:
Calcite & Dolomite minerals which forming the TSS & Oil-Greases are regarded significant pollutant
major part of minerals on earth crust and are to any aquatic system. The recorded figure of
simultaneously interfacing with water & CO2 in the oil-grease with maximum value of 1.25mg/l at
air eco-system , below and above the lithosphereic Sample-1 (ground water of mosque) and 01mg/l in
surface. Sample-5 of sea water, while remain below
reporting limits of 01mg/l in rest of 3 samples. The
Bi-carbonate alkalinity which is the major part of recorded highest and lowest value of TSS is 16.5
alkaline character is induced to aquatic system through mg/l and 07mg/l in Sample-5 and Sample-3
below depicted well known environmental reaction: respectively.
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2 O Ca(HCO3)2 Iron, Manganese, Zinc: Heavy metals including Fe,
Whereas Carbonate & Hydroxide alkalinities are rarely Mn & Zn are also regarded significant pollutants in
encountered in eco-friendly water system, these water environment. The recorded heavy metals in
alkalinities develop at pH figures lingering at or above all 5 samples are considerable low. Recorded iron
8.30. Hardness, too, develops due to aforementioned value is 0.019mg/l and 0.034 mg/l in two samples;
reaction referred to as carbonate & non-carbonate whereas manganese remained below reporting limit
hardness. of 0.005mg/l in all samples; and zinc is detected at
0.084mg/l in Sample-1.
Cumulative Analyses trend on 5 samples indicate that Conclusion
lowest & highest alkalinities were registered 113mg/l in
Sample-3 and 323mg/l in Sample-1; whereas minimum Chemical and physical analyses pattern carried out on 5
& maximum hardness figures were found 198mg/l in samples indicating the most water samples were found
Sample-3(Dhabeji surface water) and 4285mg/l in brackish in character except Sample-3(Dhabeji surface
Sample-5 (Sea Water). water) and are not complying NEQS regulated
guidelines on drinking water from palatability context.
Chloride: Chloride is regarded among major Almost all water sources are contaminated with
anionic components and is major part of any aquatic suspended matter. Heavy metal contaminants such as
system. Chloride mainly induced from natural iron, manganese and zinc are present at such low level
derived Sodium chloride as major component but to cause any sort of environmental damage to these
its concentration is restricted for drinking water sources. The elevated figure of BOD & COD in
applications. Low to moderate concentrations of Sample-5 is indicating contamination of sufficient
both chloride ions add palatability to water. In fact, organic matter in the Sea water. Karachi Sea water is
it is desirable for this reason. Chloride can also pose regarded final outfall of highly contaminated &
special problems in the conditioning of water. un-treated wastewater drains with the result that near
Analyses pattern on 5 samples indicate that highest shoreline is flooded with large dissolved & un-dissolved
and lowest Chloride was found 22,756 mg/l in pollutants . As such its BOD/COD figures are lingering
Sample-5 and 160mg/l in Sample-3 respectively. at elevated levels as compared to ground or surface
stream water which is derived from Municipality
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): BOD measures distribution outlets.
the amount of oxygen utilized by organisms in the
Chapter 04 20
Table 4 12: Water Analysis Results
Chapter 04 21
FIGURE 4 11: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AT PROJECT AREA
Ambient Air Monitoring at Project Site Topographical Survey of Project Site
Ground Water Sampling from Nearby Community Sea Water Sample Collection
Chapter 04 22
4.3 biological environment 4.3.2 FLORAL DIVERSITY OF THE

In this section, the baseline environmental conditions
PROJECT AREA
pertaining to biological environment are described. Biological diversity of project area, specifically flora of
These conditions have subsequently been used to the microenvironment is significantly governed by the
identify the potential impacts on the biological type of soil i.e. sandy, clay alkaline with amount of
environment that are likely to arise from the project moisture available due to metrological conditions;
activities. because both soil and weather conditions are regarded
direct function of foliage growth and propagation.
4.3.1 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF The vegetation of project area is very scanty and consists
PROJECT AREA of desolate shrubs, bushes and trees. The woody, thorny,
Project area falls under non protected area classification under-shrubs are usually not above thirty centimetres in
compared to other areas of Thatta Distict. There is no height. Mesquite, an exotic species that is bushy in
protected area within 5 km radius of project boundary. shape, has spread over large areas in the south-eastern
Keenjhar and Haleji lakes are more than 80km far while parts of the district. These plants are exceptions in the
Indus delta (Gharo Creek) is approximately 6.9km away prevailing barren landscape. Salvadora
from project site. oleoides,Prosopis Sanegal ,Acacia Arabica, Tamarix
gallica ,Calotropis procera and Azadiradita indica are
Thatta district has variety of features which range from common species of project area. Photograph of project
coastal swamps to fresh water marches & lakes and from floral species seen during field survey is shown in Figure
river islands to active costal delta. North western part of 4-13.
Thatta distict consists of hilly tracks known as Kohistan
part which comes under protected areas due to famous The micro environment mainly comprise of agriculture
Sindh Ibex, Urial and the landing of Huboura bustard. land, fallow land and marshy area. As per published
Kheenjar and Haleji are two famous lakes of Thatta literature/report a total of 27 vegetation species have
districts Kheejar Lake is a reservoir for feeding canals in been identified within study area. Table 4-13 shows the
Thatta sub division. floral species list of project area.
TABLE 4 13: COMMON FLORAL SPECIES OF PROJECT AREA
Chapter 04 23
found in project area.

4.3.3 FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT
Project area has variety of ecosystem including small During field visit many of bird species were observed in
hilly, plain and agriculture fields and coastal site (Gharo project area. Most common species of birds are cattle
Creek) 6.9km away from project site. The ecologist and egrets, ring dove, seed eaters such as pigeons , birds with
wildlife expert have been covered all 5km radius area of a more varied diet such as white-eared bulbuls,
project site to observed and monitor faunal existence in sparrows, the brown-headed raven, shrikes, pigeons,
the project area Project site falls in non project area and nightjars, woodpeckers, rollers, swallows, martins,
Hakeji and Kheenjhar lake more than 80km away from wagtails, chats, robins, warblers, white-throats, fly
project area . During field visit 12 large and small catchers, sunbird, drongo, mynas, sparrows, and
mammals, 6 reptiles and amphibian and 32 bird species buntings are also found.
were observed. List of faunal species are presented in Some bird species, such as house sparrows, silver bells,
Table 4-14, 4-15 and 4-16. Photograph of project fauna white-eared bulbuls, buntings, common babblers, white
and flora species seen during field survey is shown in throated and brown headed raven, profit from
Figure 4-12 and 4-13. cultivation. Trees of Kandi, Kikar and Ber attract
The microenvironment of the project site has viable fruit-seed eating birds such as the white-eared bulbul,
number of faunal species which do survive in the lesser white-throats, house sparrows and others. They
districts. Different kinds of fauna found in the project also provide nesting sites for many bird species.
area during primary data collection activity reptiles, Variety of reptiles species where observed during
small mammals and bird species are found in the project biological baseline field visit. These included 6 species
area. were observed in project area.
As discussed earlier, the project site falls in plain, hilly
area therefore diversify nature of the area, is blessed
with beautiful species of birds and animals .However,
the massive social changes in the project area have not
affected only the culture of the people but also the
physical environment of the area. Due to over grazing,
land use for agriculture purposes, over consumption of
natural resources and industrialization contributes in
diminished many species of wildlife. Even today a
number of animals found in the project site which
includes foxes, reptiles (snakes, lizards, etc.), jackals,
palm squirrel, mangoose and Indian lizard monitor are
Chapter 04 24
TABLE 4 14: LIST OF MAMMALS OF PROJECT AREA
TABLE 4 15: LIST OF REPTILES
Chapter 04 25
TABLE 4 16: LIST OF BIRDS OF PROJECT AREA
Chapter 04 26
FIGURE 4 12: PHOTOGRAPHS OF FAUNA OF THE PROJECT AREA
Reptile climb on plant branch Bird species found at project area
Borrows in side plant canopy Borrows in sand dunes
Palm Squirrel Rose ringed parakeet
Chapter 04 27
FIGURE 4 13: PHOTOGRAPHS OF FLORA OF THE PROJECT AREA
Acacia nilotica Calotropis procera
Neem tress adjacent project site Prosopis juliora
Invasive species of project site Ziziphus mauritiana
Chapter 04 28
Kohistan, which is the extension of the Kirthar Range.

4.4 Socio-economic anD Southern and Western parts of the District are sandy and
cultural environment sea affected while the southern portion adjoining the
Ran of Kachh is also desert like area with scattered
4.4.1 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY habitation while the extreme tract is Kharo tract
A team comprising environmental assessment specialist, (Saline-Alkaline Tract). District Thatta occasionally
cultural anthropologist and gender specialist carried out experience the slow and fast kind of riverine flood in
the study of socio economic and cultural environment monsoon.
of the project area. The approach and methodology
during data collection was a combination of qualitative 4.4.3 PROJECT SITE AND ADMINISTRATIVE
and quantitative data gathering techniques. The data SETUP
collection addresses the primary requirements of an
The total area of the district is 17,355 square kilometers
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), incorporating
whereas the population of the district is around 1.20
the Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures
Million. District Thatta is administratively managed by
1997. A participatory rural assessment was combined
9 Talukas, 55 Union Councils, 75 Tappas and 656 Dehs
with the extensive qualitative data collection of
.The geographical area of coastal talukas is as follows:
socio-economic and cultural data through short
structured questionnaires and focus group interviews Keti bander - 721 km2
with communities including men, women and key male
informants in the eleven key villages in the project area. Kharochan -576 km2
The relevant and accurate information was obtained
through professionally competent surveyors. The Ghora bari -1132 km2
required information collected efficiently in terms of Mirpur sakro - 2937 km2
time and villages covered by rapid cycles of interaction
with team members, communities and village elders. Shah bander - 3322 km2
The specific tools used for collection of data include i.e.
direct observation, short questionnaire, focus groups Jati - 3524 km2
and semi-structured interviews. Surveyed villages
Total geographical area of coastal talukas of Thatta
profile is given in Annex-III. The socioeconomic setting
distict is up to 12,212km2. Project location lies in Taluka
of project area is shown in Figure 4-16, while pictorial
Mirepur Sakhro, union council Dhabeji adjacent to
overview of project socioeconomic environmental is
National Highway N-5 and is approximately 60 km from
presented in Figure 4-17.
Karachi city. Project area falls in arid area and coastal
belt (Gharo creek) lies 6.5km away from project site.
4.4.2 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL Project site is bounded by railway track (Malir Distict)
IMPORTANCE OF THATTA DISTRICT on one side while other side of the proposed site is
District Thatta has vast cultural background with its adjacent to National Highway.
glorious history. The monuments, buildings, mosques, Socioeconomic baseline study was conducted in the
graveyards speak eloquently of its glorious past. Its month of July and August, 2013. Stakeholders approached
major monuments are listed among the World Heritage for the consultation include Union council administration,
Sites. Thatta remained capital of Sindh from the 14th leaders of project surrounding area and representatives
century under the rule of Summa Rulers. Since 1592, it from hospital and schools etc within 5kilometer radius
was governed by Mughal emperors of Delhi then in 1739 of the project site. Field visit also covered eleven villages
it fell to Nadir Shahs forces who came from Persia, since in the vicinity of the project area in order to obtain
then it was the end of its glorious years. socioeconomic conditions of the people residing in those
Thatta is known to be the burial place of 125,000 saints; villages.
it was also a place of great learning where eminent List of visited villages is as following
scholars from Khurasan, Qandhar, Heart etc. were
produced. Thatta is also famous for being known as 1. Allah Dino Baloch
Door of Islam to subcontinent which symbolizes the
famous entry of Mohammad Bin Qasim to the region. 2. Punnoh Balock
The District lies at 23.42 to 25.26 North and 67.05 to 3. Jummat Kalmati
68.46 east. It is bounded on the north by District
4. Siddique Goth
Jamshoro, on the East Tando Muhammad Khan and
Badin District on the South (Run of Kachh) and Arabian 5. Amin Muhammad
Sea while Karachi District lies in the west of the district.
North western area of district is hilly tract, known as 6. M Qasim Goth
Chapter 04 29
7. Mir Muhammad Pajejo Goth

TABLE 4 17: POPULATION OF THE
8. Achar Salar Goth COMMUNITIES AROUND PROJECT AREA
9. Mammu Goth
10. Gul Hassan
11. Abdullah Goth
4.4.4 DEMOGRAPHICS
Population
During field visit total of 11 villages were surveyed with
total population of 6475. The population in the near
villages of project site at union council Dhabeji in five
kilometer radius is scanty (less than 1000) except in two
villages i.e. Siddique Goth and Achar Salar Goth lying
in Gadap town. The major population consulted during
the socioeconomic survey was mainly from these two
Goths. The majority of the population belongs to
Kalmati Baloch or Jokhio tribes. Another tribe reported
during the field visit was Bhaway Baloch. Total population
of the communities within 5km radious of project area
is presented in Table 4-17 and graphically presented in
Figure 4-14.
FIGURE 4 14: GRAPH SHOWING POPULATION OF THE NEARBY COMMUNITIES
Chapter 04 30
Households
The total number of households living in the surrounding
4.4.5 LIVELIHOOD OF PROJECT AREA
of project site at union council Dhabeji Taluqa Mirpur House Infrastructure
Sakro is around 1196. Around 600 households are in Thatta district is divided into two section one is coastal
Achar Salar Goth while 200 in Siddique Goth. Mir and second one is non-coastal arid area which connects
Muhammad Palejo Goth has minimum number of with Mahal Kohistan, many times affected by flood and
households. These households are not permanent and other natural hazards due to which their living pattern
are temporarily residing in the Goth for agriculture is different as compared to other areas of Sindh Housing
purposes. Average family size is around 4 to 8 members pattern of Thatta Distict is pacca 1.4 %, Semi-pacca 1.7
in various villages in the project area. Table 4-18 shows %,Kacha 77.8% and Jhopera 19.1%. In project area Semi
the numbers of household in Project Area Pakka houses are common. During the field visit few
Pakka houses are seen in Jumman Kalmati, Achar Salar
TABLE 4 18: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Goth and Mammu Goth. Maximum two rooms or
minimum one room with open area inside the boundary
wall of each house. Outtak system is village tradition,
mostly Outaak (Guest house) constructed near main
entrance of village where all male guest stay and are also
used for open discussion on daily routine.
Energy Source
Electricity supply system exists but only in three to four
villages of the project area. People of project area use
kerosene oil for laltain (a sort of lamp) in night hours for
lighting purpose. Following table shows the availability
of electricity and fuel type details in the villages visited
during the survey. Table 4-19 Shows the availability of
electricity/fuel in project area. Majority of project area
used wood as a fuel due to non availability of Sui gas in
the project area. Sui gas and electricity is available only
in Achar Salaar and Mammu, approximately 1.5km
away from the project site.
Drinking Water
In Thatta district people access drinking water in a
variety of ways. It was noted that the water supply
Rituals system is also available in the project area. The piped
Major Caste/tribes in the project area are Jokhia and water provided in the project area is unreliable and serve
Kalmati baloch. These tribes speak Sindhi, Balochi and in few villages of project area. Table 4-20 shows the
understand urdu language. Marriages in most families water supply system in project area.
are arranged by parents preferably in their own caste.
Now a day the betrothal ceremony (formal engagement
of boys and a girl) mostly at the time of birth or
childhood is not common.
At the birth of first boy and during marriage and

circumcision ceremonies, playing of drums and Shehnai
is universal. The ritual of wedding / marriage
ceremonies usually lasts for two to three days. People of
project area have much respect and belief for saints.
They usually visit shrines at the time of trouble,
misfortune and pay for birth of sons, and when their
wishes come true. Depending on which sect one belongs
to is determined by the fact that whether or not they visit
the shrines or how much they revere the saints. The
socioeconomic setting of project area is shown in Figure
4-16, while pictorial overview of project socioeconomic
environmental is presented in Figure 4-17.
Damaged water supply line at project area
Chapter 04 31
TABLE 4 19: ELECTRICITY AND FUEL
TABLE 4 20: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

is insufficient the residents are using well water in
addition. Table 4-21 shows the water supply system of
villages around the project area.
TABLE 4 21: DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
The above table shows that the hand pumps are the
predominant source of drinking water in coastal areas
of Thatta district. Dug wells provide water in 11%
villages while ponds & lakes are available in almost 28%
villages. During kharif season the nearby canal / distributes
become a main source of drinking water for 71%
villages. About 7% communities dwelling in creeks and
closer to creeks also buy water tankers for drinking purpose.
Water supply pumping station was found in Dhabeji city

for supply of safe drinking water in the project area.
Only the inhabitants of Siddique and Achar Salar Goth
responded that they have access to piped water while
rest of the population is either purchasing water from
tankers or using wells for drinking water and irrigation
purpose In project area community people also steal Source of Income Generation
sweet water by damaging water supply line for washing
Major source of income generation in Thatta District is
and bathing purpose. The water tankers cost them Rs.
agriculture, livestock & poultry farms. People own small
1500 per month. Achar Salar Goth and Mammu Goth
business (Shops, Hotel and rent a car service) and are
although have access to piped water but as the supply
Chapter 04 32
employees in Government and private sector. Few of the presented in Figure 4-15.
people also avail labor work in industrial units.
Agriculture TABLE 4 22: LIVESTOCK POPULATION
The cropping pattern is of two types in Thatta district.
IN THATTA DISTRICT DURING LAST
In one system, rice and sugarcane are main crops of DECADE (19962006)
Kharif while wheat and sugarcane are in Rabi season .In
another faming system, rice and vegetables are main
crops of Kharif and wheat and vegetables are sown in
Rabi. Cropping intensity of coastal area is low (less than
70%) due to degradation of land and unavailability of
irrigation water. The main crops grown in Thatta district
during Rabi are wheat, barlay, gram while oil seeds, rice,
sugarcane maize, millet and jawar in Kharif. Before the
deterioration of land and subsurface water aquifer, the
date palm flourished in Jhampir, coconut trees in Keti
Bandar, Mirpur Sakhro and banana was grown in
Thatta.
View of Coton Crops in the Project Area
The major source of income for the surrounding of

project area is livestock and agriculture. The major
industries are located in Port Qasim, Dhabaji and in
Gharo. A study on Thatta reported that there are almost
05 sugar mills, 09 textile industries, 01 cement factory
and several rice and flour mills are operating in the
Dhabaji and Gharo areas. People from the surrounding
villages are working as labour in nearby industries at
The crop yield is the ultimate measure in agriculture Port Qasim, Gharo and Dhabeji.
improvement of the project area. The key problem for Female Responsibilities
low yield in coastal areas include shortage of irrigation The women of project area are very hard working and
water, water logging, salinity, lack of marketing and more practical than men. They play a major role and
storage facilities. counterpart to carryout households and field activities
Livestock and Poultry Farming with their men. Generally the women remain very busy
Livestock plays an important role in the economy of a and responsibilities include cooking food, dish washing,
country. Livestock sector contributed approximately washing of cloths, and sewing of cloths, making Rillihies
53.2% of the agriculture, value added 11.4% to the and look after their children. In addition to these
national GDP during 2009 -10. Sindh share in milk and activities, women were also seen working in the
meat production has been increasing due to growing agriculture fields, busy in harvesting crops, picking of
demand. Livestock has served to provide supplement cotton and feeding and milking of livestock .Most of the
income especially in rural areas. Contribution of Sindh women in project area are illiterate and have no
in other livestock products including meat, wool, hides, authority to interfere in domestic decision making, they
skin hair, and bones is more than 25 percent, as indicated usually sleep early and wake-up early in the morning to
from Sindhs share of livestock population in Pakistan. carry out routine activities.
Cattle population during last decade (1996- 2006) 4.4.6 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE
increased with 28% variation in 2006 over 1996;
Buffaloes increased by 30.71% Sheep by 60.96%, goats Health
29.15% and camels increased 23.93%. Table 4-22 shows The health facilities in Thatta Distirct are scant. Three
the comparison of livestock and poultry population of out of six coastal Talukas dont have any Rural Health
Thatta District on 1996 and 2006 and graphically Centre or any veterinary dispensary. The BHUs and
Chapter 04 33
FIGURE 4 15: GRAPH SHOWING LIVESTOCK POPULATION OF LAST DECADE IN

THATTA DISTRICT
dispensaries are also in small number. There is dearth of The health facilities are minimal for the population
qualified doctors. It is estimated that there is one living in the area. Most of the villages have no hospital,
dispensary with one dispenser for about 5,000 people in clinic and basic health unit, where as Siddique Goth has
the Thatta district Talukas. Table 4-23 shows the health only one basic health unit. Mammu Goth has a hospital
facilities in Taluka Mirpur Sakro Thatta Distict. near village while Achar Salar Goth has health facility in
the village. There is a lack of any proper health facility
TABLE 4 23: HEALTH FACILITIES OF with all the basic requirements available for the people
TALUKA MIRPUR SAKRO of the project area. The available health facilities in the
area are just enough to address common diseases. For
the advance treatment of any serious and complicated
disease, people used to visit the city centre especially in
Gharo and Gulshane-Hadeed for proper medical
treatment. The most common diseases in the project area
are Malaria and Fever. Only in Siddique Goth the people
were also found infected with T. B. along with Malaria
and Fever. Table 4-24 Shows health facility in project
area.
Chapter 04 34
Education
TABLE 4 24: HEALTH FACILITIES The literacy rate of Thatta distirct was reported to be
IN VILLAGES OF PROJECT AREA 22.14 percent in 1998. The male literacy rate was about
three times high at 31.58 percent when compared to 11.4
percent for females. The ratio in urban area was much
higher at about 46 percent compared to only about 19
percent in rural areas .There is wide gap between male
and females with respect to education in rural areas
where literacy rate for males is 28 percent compared to
only about 8 percent for the females . Of the total
educated person, 35 percent have passed primary, 13
percent are middle and only 13.32 percent have done
matriculation. Table 4-25 and Table 4-26 shows the de-
tail for number of schools and students enrolled in Mir-
pur Sakro.
TABLE 4 25: NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN TALUKA MIRPHUR SAKRO
TABLE 4 26: NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLMENT IN TALUKA MIRPUR SAKHRU
Although the project area is located in union council TABLE 4 27: LITERACY AND
Dhabeji Taluka Mirpur sakhro adjacent to Karachi, but EDUCATION FACILITY IN PROJECT AREA
the education facilities in the area are distressing. Most
of the villages have only primary schools. The Goth
Jummat Kalmati, Mir Muhammad Pajejio Goth and
Mammu Goth dont have any school at all. Only Achar
Salar Goth has one high and one private school in the
village. The number of proper schools in the project area
is negligible. Even these schools are not functioning
properly. The problems of irregularity and absenteeism
of teachers and lack of quality of education were
reported during the survey. There is one private school
in the area, but this school is also seen as providing
substandard education. The literacy rate reported is very
low, i.e., average literacy rate is only11% in the project
area, while maximum in Amin Muhammad Goth (15%)
and minimum in Allah Dino Baloch and Punnoh Balock
Goths (4% each ). Table 4-27 shows the education facility
around the project area.
Chapter 04 35
Accessibility and Mobility e- Sunnat sect. Almost all the respondent in target
During field visit, 11 villages were visited; the major villages mentioned about the religious leaders to whom
towns of the project area are Dhabeji, Ghareebabd and they regularly visit. The purpose of the visit to religious
Gharo. Dhabeji is also the Union Council head quarter. places (Dargah) varies from just paying homage to
All the targeted villages have links with Dhabeji and fulfillment of some desires. Most of the people of target
Ghareeabad. People residing in nearby villages regularly area usually visit Dargah Haji Abdullah Shah Bukhari,
visit these areas for shopping, business and other Jangi Baba and Yaqub Shah. People give DANN and
purpose. All mobile cellular services are available in cover grave of saint with Chadar (veil) after fulfill of
project area and rest of the district. Project area lies their desires called Mannat.
adjacent to National Highway so there is no problem for
public transport in order to travel towards Karachi, 4.4.7 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES OF
Hyderabad and other area of Thatta distinct. Metal THATTA DISTRICT
roads are available in nearby villages for easy access to
There isnt any archeological site within 30 km of project
National Highway.
area. Bhamore (historical museum) is approximately 20
Non Government Organization (NGOs) km away from project site on main National Highway
The expanding advocacy role of NGOs has been adjacent Gharo. The Shah Jahan Mosque was built in the
recognized by the State. As intermediaries, NGOs have reign of Mughals emperor Shah Jahan. It is located in
established channels of communication and cooperation Thatta, Sindh province, Pakistan. It has been on the
between communities on one hand and government, tentative UNESCO World Heritage list since 1993.
development institution & funding agencies on the
In the town of Thatta itself, there is famous Shahjahani
other. The NGOs operating in the few villages of the
Mosque with its beautiful architecture. This mosque was
target area is National Rular Support Program (NRSP),
built in 1647 during the reign of Mughal King Shah
Aga Khan Foundation and Hands. These NGOs work
Jahan, also known as the builder King. The mosque is
for social welfare of local community.
built with red bricks with blue coloured glaze tiles
Major Needs of the People probably imported from another Sindh's town of Hala.
The socio-economic status of the people living in the The mosque has overall 93 domes and it is world's
area is very poor. The wide spread poverty encircled by largest mosque having such number of domes. It has
the selective continuance of so called social & cultural been built keeping acoustics in mind. A person speaking
customs, governed by the feudal and gender biased inside one end of the dome can be heard at the other end
system of decision making at the community level, are when the speech exceeds 100 decibels. It was a gift from
still very much there in practice. The drinking water Shahjahan to people of Sindh for their Hospitality.
availability and the sanitation conditions are the basic Makli Hill
problems of the people living in this area. They lack
Makli hill is one of the largest necropolises in the world,
many of the basic amenities of life. The health and
with a diameter of approximately 8 km. It lies approx.
education facilities are not available to all people in this
98 km east of Karachi and is the burial place of some
area and the quality of available facilities is very poor.
125,000 local rulers, Sufi saints and others. Makli is
The health care facilities are inadequate, ineffective and
located on the outskirts of Thatta, the capital of lower
neglected in this area. The literacy rate is comparative
Sindh until the seventeenth century. It was inscribed on
very low in the area, which could be improved by
the World Heritage List in 1981 under the name of
increasing the facilities of education in terms of quality
Historical Monuments of Thatta.
and quantity both.
Leadership Dynamics The tombs and gravestones spread over the cemetery are
material documents marking the social and political
There is a different hierarchy of leadership in the project
history of Sind. Many have been built using local
area i.e. village leaders, community leaders, political
sandstone others are plastered brick buildings (which
leaders and spiritual leaders. The village leader is
have suffered the most, generally). The impressive royal
normally the most influential person of the village in
mausoleums are divided into two major groups, those
term of land. Minor conflicts are resolved at village level.
from the Samma (13521520) and from the Tarkhan
However, if the conflict is bigger and complex, the
(15561592) period. In total four historical periods are
community leader resolves the conflict through listening
represented architecturally, namely the Samma, the
to both sides. The community approaching to the police
Arghun, the Tarkhan and the Mughals period. The
is a rare case for resolving their problems. Most of the
tomb (or maqbara) of the King Jam Nizamuddin II
conflicts occur due to tribal disputes, dispute on land,
(reigned 14611508) is an impressive square structure
theft of animals, arrangement of marriages etc.
built of sandstone and decorated with floral and geomet-
Spiritual Leadership ric medallions. Similar to this is the mausoleum of Isa
The major community of the project area belongs to Ahle Khan Hussain II (d. 1651), a two-story stone building
Chapter 04 36
with majestic cupolas and balconies. In contrast to the clothing and other basic needs, with positive
synthetic architecture of these two monuments, which implications for rural welfare and living standards.
integrate Hindu and Islamic motifs, are mausoleums Genetic improvement of livestock will lead to increased
that clearly show the Central Asian roots of the Tarkhan productivity, profitability from cattle, increase in meat
and Mughal dynasties. An example is the tomb of Jan quality and better market prices for improved stock.
Beg Tarkhan (d. 1600), a typical octagonal brick structure Enhanced water availability will benefit both livestock
whose dome is covered in blue and turquoise glazed and people through increased clean water points. Better
tiles. Pavilion or canopy tombs (chattri maqbara or management of range and forage improvements will
umbrella tomb) are another typical Indo-Islamic contribute to sustainable environmental management
architectural feature, as well as enclosure tombs. The and livestock health improvement. Enhanced marketing
Mughal period is represented by many tombs on the and market information systems will increase livestock
southern side of the necropolis, including the sales at better prices and hence profitability. Providing
mausoleum of Mirza Jani & Mirza Ghazi Baig, that of more hygienic environments for livestock slaughtering
Nawab Shurfa Khan, the enclosure of Mirza Baqi Baig will promote marketing of quality meat, better quality
Uzbek and of Mirza Jan Baba as well as the impressive hides and skins with enhanced profitability and will
restored tomb of Nawab Isa Khan Tarkhan the Younger. stimulate the creation of entrepreneurship for livestock
and their products in the communities.
Bhambore
Bhambore is an archaeological site in sindh province,
situated at 65 km east of Karachi between Dhabeji and
Gharo on the National Highway. It is also known as
Bhambra among Khudabadi sindhi swaranker
community .It holds the remain of three civilizations: the
scytheParthian period, Hindu Buddhist period and
Islamic period. Bhambore was also an important route
and a military post during theses eras. The city as later
abandoned due to change in the Indus Rivers courses.
History also reveals that it was devastated by the
earthquake in 893 AD. The young Arab warrier
Muhammad bin Qasim landed his armed in 711 AD and
destroyed the castle. At the time of this intervention, the
population of Bhambore was Hindu with a Buddhist
minority.
4.4.8 PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT

Focused group discussions revealed a high satisfaction
of locals based on their past experience with FFBL. The
majority of participants expressed no serious complaints
regarding FFBL activities in the area and welcomed the
idea of the proposed project.
The community member also hoped that the new project

will provide jobs for local community and FFBL will also
provide health and education facilities as welfare work
in the area. They also highlighted that unemployment,
non availability of higher education and health facilities
are major issues of the area.
4.4.9 BENEFITS OF PROPOSED PROJECT

ON SOCIOECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL OF THE AREA
The present data was collected to assess the
socioeconomic and cultural impact of the project. The
project will improve the livestock business opportunities
and employment in the project area. This will increase
the income of households of local population. This extra
income may be used to finance education, health,
Chapter 04 37
Figure 4 16: Socioeconomic Settings of Project Area
Chapter 04 38
FIGURE 4 17: PICTORIAL PRESENTATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC SETTINGS OF THE

PROJECT AREA
Community Members of Haji M Palejo Goth View of Primary School Achar Salaar Goth
Mosque at Project Area Rice Godown adjacent to Project Site
Dargah at Project Area Poultry Farms at Project Area
Chapter 04 39
Chapter 05
Project Alternatives
05 - Project AlternAtives
This section covers the project alternatives which were forward linkage with the farmer-producers
examined for the proposed red meat abattoir production
facility in Thatta District, Sind Province. An analysis of to benefit them from production of better quality
the available alternatives is necessary to establish that animals and enable them to establish direct marketing
the most suitable management and technology options of animals to the abattoir instead of the present system
will be adopted for the project, while minimizing of depending on middle-men/commission agents.
environmental impacts. This evaluation explains the It will help to produce a clean and quality meat for
selection of appropriate option that was required to both domestic and export consumers.
ensure optimal results within defined set of economic,
environmental, health and safety constraints. In It will help to increase Pakistans export potential
particular it outlines the following project options: through meat and value added quality meat
products.
l. The No Development Option.
The proposed project will itself process and produce
2. Alternative Site Option.
food-products with value addition such as chilled
3. Alternative technology. meat (full carcasses and meat cuts) for domestic and
export markets, frozen meat, blood/bone meal and
5.1 no DeveloPment oPtion others.
In line with FFBLs corporate strategic goal Creating Other impacts of the No-Project option would be loss
new opportunities for business growth and diversification, in employment and infrastructure development in the
FFBL has been evaluating various options for investment project area, as the project is likely to create jobs and
in diversified businesses. Pakistan has not been able to improve the existing infrastructure of the area. From the
exploit its large livestock population to become a major environmental point of view, this option would result in
player in the international Halal meat trade, as meat a loss of opportunity in further improvement of the
slaughtered in the traditional abattoirs fails to meet environmental management of the area, through
international standards. generation of environmental baseline data, and the
mitigation and monitoring plans.
Considering potential and massive opportunities for
Pakistan, to tap into and network with international 5.2 AlternAtive site oPtion -
distributors, to cater the demand for Halal meat
globally, FFBL Management has approved investment
site selection criteriA
in meat processing business for export & domestic In reference to the Project Site alternatives, several lands
usage. were evaluated, covering Port Qasim, Dhabeji, Gharo,
Gujo, Haleji and other areas. The final selection of site is
The project will encompass a modern state-of-the-art based on following criterion:
Halal meat slaughtering facility with the objective of
processing high quality meat, value added products and Distances from Urban Development:
by-products with special focus on International markets The abattoir should not be located close to dwellings,
i.e. UAE, KSA, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Malaysia and schools, mosques and other public or commercial
Iran along with domestic market. The facility will be buildings due to possible nuisance from noise, smell,
capable to process meat of Cattle, Sheep and Goat. congestion etc. Likely future commercial and residential
developments should also be taken into account.
The proposed project will provide additional income
and gainful employment to the nearby villages and Accessibility:
animal producers. The site should be accessible from a permanent road to
allow ready transport of livestock, meat and meat products.
The No-Project option, if taken, will prevent the
country from exploring its large livestock population to Water Supply:
become a major player in the international Halal meat Availability of adequate water supply, which should
trade. The proposed project will also provide the following also meets drinking water standards.
advantages to the Country economic and the communities Effluent Treatment and Disposal:
of the project area:
The site should have a natural slope (free draining and
It will help to provide required backward and not subject to water logging or flooding. Water outlet
Chapter 05 01
quality will meet legal requirements for crops irrigation. (casings/surgical sutures/pet foods), bones (bone meal),
blood (blood meal / raw material for pharmaceutical
Soil conditions for civil structure:
industry), tertiary animal by-products (like gelatin,
Suitability and stability of soil conditions required for gums used by the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic
the civil structures. industry), meat meal/ hoof and horn meal etc (animal
Sufficient Land Availability: feed industry), processed skin (leather industry),
gut-contents (manure for agricultural crops) etc.
Availability of sufficient land to design and layout plant
in an appropriate manner, with consideration of future
expansions. 5.3.2 WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Electricity:
PLANT
For the purposed project Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
Availability of electricity from the Karachi Electric
has been finalized for the treatment of waste water. The
Supply Company for an uninterrupted supply of power,
SBR processor that can effectively compete with
required for the plant, especially for chilling and
conventional activated sludge systems such as continuous
processing of carcasses.
stirred-tank reactor is not considered in wastewater
Conclusion: treatment until the improvements in aeration devices
In view of all above criteria, it was concluded to and controls in the late 1950s and early 1960s. (EPA,
construct the halal slaughterhouse and meat complex 1999) Sequential batch reactor systems have benefits to
facility near Port Qasim, Thatta District. alternative conventional flow systems for the biological
treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewater.
FFBL existing facility fertilizer plant is approximately (Ying-Chih et al., 2007)
7km away from the proposed project location, so
administrative control on proposed project could be Dealing with slaughterhouses, and by using a Sequential
easily for FFBL management. Batch Biological Reactor, it is observed that the working
volume of the reactor is higher than in any conventional
The geographic position of the proposed project is very process. This oversized design assumes shorter times of
ideal which connects it to the transportation infrastructure operation which can be translated in less maintenance
of the country. The proposed project location is very costs and the possibility of working with higher loads of
near to Port Qasim and approximately less than 1km waste. According to latest and most modern techniques
from Nation Highway N-5, providing direct access to for waste water treatment, the batch biological reactors
the hinterland through road. Furthermore, there is a railway are the only systems capable to achieve good quality
track at a distance of 1km from the project site. Dhabeji output with no use of chemicals.
railway station is located at a distance of 4km from the
project site, which connect to the national railway The main advantages of this design are the following:
network through 6 railway tracks. Remaining proposed
Minimal surface area required
sites dont possess such a broad spectrum of commercial,
industrial and management benefits. Installation of only the strictly necessary single
modules
5.3 technology AlternAtives
Easy to use and operate
5.3.1 WASTE HANDLING
Lowest energy consumption and maintenance
Instead of disposing the inedible animal byproducts
which usually include hide or skin, hair, horns, teeth, Highest treatment capacity and contaminants
fats, bone, ligaments and cartilage, feet, glands and elimination
blood etc., these will be utilized for processing into
quality by-products, with a value addition, thereby Highest capacity to cope with an increase of loads
avoiding environmental pollution and improving the or different flows and loads
economic returns from the slaughtered animals. Minimal production of sludge
Some inedible offal, along with normally edible offal that No consumption of chemical products
has been deemed unsuitable for human consumption,
bones from meat processing, and cattle/sheep that are Improvements in aeration devices and controls have
unsuitable for human consumption, is rendered for use allowed sequencing batch reactor to successfully
in different manufacturing industries. compete with conventional activated sludge systems.
Sequential batch reactors can achieve equalization,
The slaughter wastes will help to encourage development primary clarification, biological treatment, and
of the ancillary industries around the abattoir based on secondary clarification in a single reactor.
utilization of slaughter house wastes such as offal
Chapter 05 02
Chapter 06
Stakeholders Consultation
06 - stakeholder Consultation
The participation of project stakeholders in project

planning, design and implementation is now universally 6.2 stakeholder Consultation
recognized as an integral part of environmental impact ProCess
assessment. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act Stakeholders consultation is a continuous process that
1997 (Section 12(3)) highlights that every review of an does not stop with the submission or approval of the EIA
environmental impact assessment (EIA) shall be carried but continues into the project execution stage by
out with public participation. involving communities and all other stakeholders
United Nations Conference on Environment and values, recognizing the stakeholders right to inform
Development (UNCED) in 1992 endorsed the process of about the project, as well as their right to voice their
stakeholder participation and consultation as one of the views and concerns. In keeping with this belief,
key documents of the conferenceAgenda 21. Agenda consultations were conducted in the project area not
21 is a comprehensive strategy for global action on only to satisfy the legal requirements of the EIA process
sustainable development and deals with issues regarding in Pakistan but also to improve and enhance the social
human interaction with the environment. It emphasizes and environmental design of the project. Various steps
the role of public participation in environmental involved in the consultation include following:
decision-making for the achievement of sustainable
development. 6.2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS
The identification of stakeholders is important for the
This section of the report outlines the stakeholder
sustainability of a development project and helps to
consultation approach adopted for this EIA study,
evaluate and envisage the role of stakeholders. The
identifies the concerned groups of stakeholders, and
influence or impact of stakeholders on the project can be
describes the consultation process carried out as part of
elaborated in the form of a matrix and the mitigation
this study. Figure 6-1 and 6-2 shows pictorial presentation
measures are proposed accordingly. The stakeholders
of stakeholders meetings.
that are likely to be influenced by the project activities
6.1 objeCtives of stake- or would like to participate in the project include:
holder Consultation Residents of the surrounding areas;

The overall objectives of the public consultation process Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) and
were as follows: Community Based Organizations active in the area;
To provide information related to proposed project Government Organizations.
activities to stakeholders;
To facilitate and maintain dialogue and gain the 6.2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS
consent of all stakeholders on carrying out project Stakeholders can be classified as primary and secondary
activities in the area; stakeholders depending on the influence of the project
activities on them. The stakeholders for the proposed
To seek participation of all interested parties and project are classified as follows:
identify stakeholder interests and issues;
Primary Stakeholders: People, groups or institutions
To create solutions for addressing these concerns directly affected by the project and can influence the
and integrating them into project design, operations, project outcome.
and management;
Secondary Stakeholders: People, groups, or
To enhance the project by learning from, and institutions that are indirectly affected by the project
incorporating, the expertise of individuals, and can influence project delivery process.
professionals, communities and organizations; and
to encourage transparency and inculcate trust
among various stakeholders to promote cooperation
6.2.3 METHODOLOGY FOR
and partnership with the communities, local CONSULTATION
leadership, and NGOs. Stakeholder consultation is a two-way flow of information
and dialogue between the project proponent and
Chapter 06 01
stakeholders, specifically aimed at developing ideas that IUCN Pakistan

can help shape project design, resolve conflicts at an
early stage assist in implementing solutions and monitor WWF Pakistan
ongoing activities. Various techniques are used Meetings with stakeholders consisted of community
worldwide to carry out the stakeholders consultation consultation meetings, focus group discussions, and
that include discussions, meetings and field visits. in-depth interviews with government officials and
Primary Stakeholders national and international NGOs. The location of the
Concerns of the primary stakeholders of the proposed meetings, the process followed, and the outcomes are
project were solicited and collected in the following discussed in the subsequent sections. List of people met
manner: for consultation is presented in Annex-IV, while
photographs of consultations are included as Figure 6-1
A field visit was arranged to contact the communities and Figure 6-2.
within 5km of the project area.
The team was completely aware of the processes and

6.4 Consultation findings
environmental issues related to the proposed project. The consultation findings were recorded in written form
given below:
A brief description of the proposed project was
provided verbally to the local community in local 6.4.1 PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS
Sindhi language and they were asked to express
their concerns regarding the proposed project. Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal
and formal meetings held in the project area. Consultation
Concerns, complaints and suggestions were session was conducted at the settlements near the project
recorded in the written form. site with men and women to obtain their concerns. The
consultation process was carried out in the Sindhi and
Secondary Stakeholders
Urdu languages. During these meetings a simple,
Concerns of the secondary stakeholders of the proposed non-technical, description of the project was given, with
project were solicited and collected in the following an overview of the projects likely human and
manner: environmental impact. This was followed by an open
Meetings were arranged with Government discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns
Department, in order to obtain their concerns. and opinions. In addition to providing communities
with information on the proposed project, their feedback
International NGOs, rural development program was documented during the primary stakeholder
and civil society was contacted to obtain their consultation. The issues and suggestions raised were
concerns. recorded in field notes for analysis, and interpretation,
by reaching out to a wider segment of the population
A brief description of the proposed project was and using various communication tools such as
provided verbally and they were asked to express participatory needs assessment, community consultation
their concerns regarding the proposed project. meetings, and focus group discussions.
Concerns, complaints and suggestions were The findings of the Community consultations have been
recorded in the written form. addressed in various sections of the EIA, and the
mitigation plans have been incorporated into the EMP.
6.3 stakeholders Consulted The summary of the various primary stakeholder
In the consultation process for EIA, following key consultations is given below;
stakeholders were consulted: Community Concerns
Primary Stakeholders: Local communities The general public from the communities was satisfied
from the FFBL performance and didnt express any
Secondary Stakeholders: Following were the major concern regarding the proposed project. The main
secondary stakeholders concerns which were identified during consultation are
as follows:
Union Council Dhabeji
Priority for employment should be given to residing
Basic Health Unit Dhabji communities;
Sindh Wildlife Department Proper drinking water, school and health facility
should be provided;
Sindh Livestock and Fisheries Department
Waste management should be proper to avoid any
National Rural Support Program
Chapter 06 02
mishandling and open dumping/burning of solid incorporated in Impact mitigation plan and EMP of the
waste in project area; EIA report.
All drainage system of the proposed project should The Deputy Conservator appreciated the efforts
be covered to avoid over population of mosquitoes made by the FFBL in terms of creation of a number
in project area. of direct and indirect employments leading to
economic growth in the area and he also appreciated
Local Employment
the FFBL efforts towards the environment and social
Communities in the project area emphasized that local wellbeing of the area
villagers should be given priority when employing
people for various project-related works and activities Improper waste handling and disposal disturb
according to their skills. ecosystem. Integrated waste management plan
should be designed for sustainable environment of
6.4.2 SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS the project area
Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal FFBL ensured that all project activities of proposed
as government officials, national and international plant will be environmental friendly. It not only
NGOs were consulted during face-to-face meetings. secures wildlife of project area as well as physical
They were briefed on the EIA process, the project design, environment of project area.
and the potential negative and positive impact of the
project on the areas environment and communities. It Improper waste disposal can multiply the population
was important not to raise community expectations of nuisance scavengers & predators in the project
unnecessarily or unrealistically during the stakeholder area which can disturb food chain or food web of the
consultation meetings in order to avoid any conflict with project area.
local administrators. The issues recorded in the 3. Livestock and Fisheries Department
consultation process were examined, validated, and
A meeting with Mr. Dr.Qudoos Memon, Mirpur Sakhro
addressed in the EIA report.
and Dr Saleem Raza Memon Incharge Veterinary
1. Union Council Dhabeji Dispensary Gharo and Dr. Akhter Hussain were
A meeting was held with Mr. Ashraf, Union Council conducted. They appreciate the FFBLs efforts towards
Officer Dhabeji. Mr. Ashraf hinted at a few important the environment and social well being of the area. It was
issues that needed special attention during the project highlighted that there has been remarkable economic
execution. All these issues (listed below) have been growth in the area due to FFBL presence. The concerns
incorporated in Impact mitigation plan. and suggestion expressed and response provided is as
follows. All these issues (listed below) have been
Union Council Officer Dhabeji appreciated the incorporated in Impact mitigation plan and EMP of the
efforts made by the FFBL in terms of creation of a EIA report.
number of direct and indirect employments leading
to economic growth in the area and he also appreciated FFBL should prepare Animal Welfare policy and
the FFBL efforts towards the environment and social arrangement for the proposed project
well being of the area
Cattles should be properly inspected before
FFBL should prepared water conservation strategy purchasing.
for proposed project because water scarcity is common
Veterinary Hospitals should be available at project
in the project area
site.
Improper disposal of solid waste can deteriorate the
Animals lairages area should be ventilated with
aesthetic look of project area includes malaria
sufficient space for cattles.
outbreak and other disease in the project area.
Animals should be politely treated during
Waste disposal contractor should be hired to collect
slaughtering process, because in case of harassment
solid waste on daily bases.
toxic substances produce in meat of animals.
Employment opportunities will be provided to local
Proper hygienic and sanitation practices should be
community of project area
plasticised in proposed project facility.
2. Sindh Wildlife Department
4. Basic Health Unit (BHU) Dhabeji Union
A meeting was held with Dr. Fahmida Deputy Council
Conservator, Wildlife Department Sindh. The concerns
The consultation meeting was conducted with round of
and suggestion expressed and response provided is as
introduction and a brief description of the proposed
follows. All these issues (listed below) have been
project with the representative of BHU Mr. Hussain Gul,
Chapter 06 03
in-charge of BHU Dhabji. The concerns and suggestion Mobilzer. The concerns and suggestion expressed and
expressed and response provided is as follows. All these response provided is as follows. All these issues (listed
issues (listed below) have been incorporated in impact below) have been incorporated in Impact mitigation
mitigation plan and EMP of the EIA report. plan and EMP of the EIA report.
Mr. Hussain Gul appreciated the FFBLs efforts Mr. Ayaz Ali Kaka and Ms. Shabana Naz Abro
towards the environment and social wellbeing of the appreciated the FFBLs efforts towards the
area. It was highlighted that there has been remarkable environment and social wellbeing of the area. It was
economic growth in the area due to companys highlighted that there has been remarkable
presence. economic growth in the area due to presence of
company.
He suggested occupational health and hygiene
condition should be maintained in the production Employment opportunity should be provides on
facility merit and skill basis.
Occupational safety best practices should be Waste should be properly managed to avoid
adopted and First Aid trainings should be contaminating environment. Due to mishandling
conducted for the employees. and improper disposal of solid waste could cause
outbreak of malaria and other related diseases in the
Mr. Hussain Gul also highlighted his concern community.
regarding the full time hiring of a lady doctor in
BHU Dhabji. Since there is one female medical 7. WWF Pakistan
officer who attend female patient on alternate day Consultation meeting conducted with round of
and there is no doctor full time. Due to this reason introduction and a brief description of the proposed
women of the area are facing problems to sharing project was provided to the representative of WWF
their maternity problem. So there is a need of female Pakistan Mr. Moazzam Ali Khan Senior Advisor. The
doctor to attend the female patient on regular bases. concerns and suggestion expressed and response
provided is as follows. All these issues (listed below)
5. IUCN Pakistan
have been incorporated in Impact mitigation plan and
The meeting conducted with the round of introduction EMP of the EIA report.
and a brief description of the proposed project was
provided to the representative of IUCN Pakistan Mr. Mr. Moazzam appreciated the FFBLs efforts towards
Tahir Qureshi, Senior Advisor Coastal and Marine the environment and social wellbeing of the area. It
Ecosystem Program. The concerns and suggestion was highlighted that there has been remarkable
expressed and response provided is as follows. All these economic growth in the area due to companys
issues (listed below) have been incorporated in Impact presence.
mitigation plan and EMP of the EIA report.
Improper handling of waste can cause serious
Mr. Tahir Qureshi appreciated the FFBLs efforts environmental impact on the project area. Due to
towards the environment and social well being of improper disposal of solid waste population of
the area. It was highlighted that there has been undesired creatures including mongoose, reptiles &
remarkable economic growth in the area due to insects will multiply which will have negative
FFBL presence. impacts on birds habitat in the project area.
Water conservation strategy should be developed 8. Local NGO and Civil Society Organization
for the proposed project. Local NGOs and civil society organization were also
approached to record their concerns and suggestions
Cow dung and other solid waste should be properly related to the proposed project.
handle and dispose off, because it can cause
obstruction of natural drainage which would Step Development Organization: An organization
aggravate the population of mosquitoes and flies in working for the educational development and
the project area. environmental wellbeing with the support of
multi-donor organizations.
Improper handling and disposal of solid and liquid
waste could cause hydrological pollution, so solid Civil Society Network: It is a network of civil society
and liquid waste should be disposed of properly. having 40 organisations and individuals working on
various sector including health, water and sanitation,
FFBL should work on animal welfare. poverty reduction, gender, good governance etc.
6. National Rural Support Program (NRSP)
Generally, all of the secondary stakeholders are in the
A meeting was held with Mr Ayaz Ali Kaka, District favour of the proposed project and they admit the
Program Officer and Ms Shabana Naz Abro, Community
Chapter 06 04
proposed project should be executed but with

appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the
environmental and social impacts.
FIGURE 6 1:PICTORIAL PRESENTATION OF CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITY
Public consultation in Goth Allah Dino Baloch Public consultation in Achar Salaar Goth
Public Consultation with Mir M.palejo Goth Public Consultation with Goth Ameen
View of Consultation with women of Project Area View of Consultation in the Project Area
Chapter 06 05
FIGURE 6 2: PICTORIAL PRESENTATION OF CONSULTATION WITH GOVT.

DEPARTMENT & NGOS
Consultation with Sindh Wildlife Department Consultation with Livestock Department Dhabeji
Representatives Representatives
Consultation with Dhabeji Union Council Consultation with BHU Dhabeji

Representatives Representatives
Chapter 06 06
Chapter 07
Impact Prediction, Evaluation &

Mitigation Measures
07 - Impact predIctIon, evaluatIon and mItIgatIon measures
This chapter discribes the potential environmental and Socio-economic conditions; and
social impacts of the proposed activities, predicts the
magnitude of the impact and assesses the significance. Archaeology
The proposed mitigation measures to minimize adverse
impacts, resulting residual impacts of the project and 7.2 Impact classIfIcatIon
environmental management plan (EMP) are discussed
The potential impacts are classified according to the type
in the next chapter.
of potential receptors. The following receptor categories
The discussion of the environmental and socio-economic were used:
impacts are organized in the following manner:
Community (people, their social and cultural values,
Impacts Associated with Proposed Project Activities aspirations and archaeological sensitivity,)
Environmental ImpactConstruction and Operation Land and soil (land resources, soil resources)
Activity
Air quality (ambient air quality, GHG emissions,
Socio-economic Impact Construction and Operation Ozone depletion)
Activity
Water resources (aquifer and surface water resources)
7.1 IdentIfIcatIon of potentIal Ecosystem (vegetation, wildlife, and biodiversity).
Impacts
In the first step, potential impacts of the project are 7.3 Impact scopIng crIterIa
identified by desktop screening exercise, using checklists Identified potential impacts are evaluated on the basis
during field visits for collection of baseline data, of following criteria;
professional judgment, published literature on
environmental impact of similar projects and standard the present baseline conditions, the change in
environmental guidelines. Potential impacts are also environmental parameters likely to be effected by
identified through discussion with project proponent, proposed project related activities;
consultation with stakeholders and community to
identify their concerns. Public consultation was carried Is there an impact that environmental standards or
out to identify the concerns of primary and secondary environmental guidelines applicable to the project
stakeholders. will be breached? This includes the national
standards such as the National Environmental
The main aspect associated with potential impacts are Quality Standards (NEQS) and guidelines such as
as follow; the World Bank, International Finance Corporation
(IFC) and WHO environmental guidelines.
Geomorphology, soil
Is there a high risk of a permanent, irreversible, and
Water resources (aquifer and surface water quality) significant change to environmental conditions due
Ambient air quality to the particular project activity? Some impacts are
transitory; they last until the activity that is the cause
Waste discharges of the impact is there. Others may last much longer
than the activity. After a long period the
Noise pollution environmental parameter may or may not revert
back to its natural state.
Greenhouse gases emissions (GHG)
Did the community express any concern about this
Ozone depleting substance
aspect?
Protected areas
An impact scoping matrix is described in below
Ecology of the area, including flora and fauna Table 7-1.
Vehicle movement
Chapter 07 01
TABLE 71: IMPACT SCOPING MATRIX
7.4 Impact assessment the significance of an impact is determined on the

basis of the level of consequence and likelihood of
methodology the impact e.g. an impact of medium severity is
The impacts have been assessed following standard assigned a low significance if the likelihood of
international guidelines and best available practices. The occurrence of the impact is low and high
method defines three levels of consequence (or severity) significance if the likelihood of occurrence is high or
and likelihood (or probability of occurrence) - High, almost certain. The definition of consequence and
Medium or Low - of an impact. A standard risk based likelihood is illustrated in Table 7-2 and impact
approach has been used in which; significant matrix is provided in Table 7-3.
TABLE 72: DEFINITIONS FOR CONSEQUENCE AND LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACTS
Chapter 07 02
TABLE 7.3: IMPACT SIGNIFICANT MATRIX
The prediction of impacts also include the duration of the impact and reversibility of the impact. Impact
of impacts (in terms of long-medium and assessment criteria for the above mention
short-term), nature of impact, geographical location parameters are illustrated in Table 7-4.
TABLE 74: IMPACT ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Identification of the mitigation measures: If it is frequency of the monitoring depends on the residual
determined that the predicted impact is significant, impacts. The purpose of monitoring is to confirm
suitable mitigation measures are identified. There that the impact is within the predicted limits and to
is a range of mitigation measures that can be applied provide timely information if unacceptable impact
to reduce impacts. This is discussed in subsequent is taking place. An environmental management plan
sections of this chapter. (EMP) will be developed with identification of
monitoring requirements. This is discussed in next
Evaluation of the residual impact: Incorporation of chapter.
the suggested mitigation measures reduces the
adverse impact of the project and brings it within 7.5 Impacts assocIated wIth
the acceptable limit. This step refers to the
identification of the anticipated remaining impacts
constructIon actIvItIes
after mitigation measures have been appliedthe In this section the environmental and socio-economic
residual impacts. This is discussed in subsequent impacts associated with the proposed project construction
sections of this chapter. activities are discussed. Construction activities here
means construction of infrastructure and fabrication of
Identification of the monitoring requirements: The Abattoir. The identified impacts assessment are detailed
last step in the assessment process is the identification in the below Table 7-5.
of the monitoring requirements. The scope and
Chapter 07 03
Table 75: Impact Assessment of Construction Activities
Chapter 07 04
Chapter 07 05
Chapter 07 06
Likely impacts of these activities can include:

7.6 Discussion on Key
environmental aspects, Physical scarring of the landscape,
mitigation measures anD Accelerated soil erosion,
resiDual impacts
Alteration of soil quality by loss of topsoil,
The potential impacts of the proposed project have been
discussed in the following sections. Where appropriate, Soil contamination.
mitigation measures have also been included to reduce
the unacceptable impacts. This section includes a 7.6.2.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS
priority list of the most important measures that the
project proponent should adopt to ensure a practical, The physical scarring caused by clearing and levelling
cost-effective and sufficient approach to impact mitigation. during construction activities could lead to alteration of
Information is included as to how the recommended soil quality by removal of topsoil, loss of plant cover and
mitigation measures should be incorporated into limited soil erosion induced by disturbance to native
detailed project design and in the contract documents. soil.
Broadly, these measures can be classified into four The project area soil is very dense, silty fine to coarse
categories: grains with some gravels & silty clay. The total project
area would be approximately 20.45 acres for
Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking certain slaughterhouse construction, it is expected that the
proposed activity or parts of an activity, for example, project crew will use existing roads for transportation of
using Halon, HCFC and CFC-free equipment to goods. Construction should follow good industry
avoid impact on ozone layer. practices to avoid unnecessary clearing outside of the
work corridors and likelihood of soil erosion along or
Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or across natural drainage paths. The vegetation of project
magnitude of the activity, for example, minimizing area is very scanty and consists of desolate shrubs,
dust emission by using water sprinkler. bushes and trees. The woody, thorny, under-shrubs are
usually not above thirty centimetres in height. Mesquite,
Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or
an exotic species that is bushy in shape is present in the
restoring the affected environment.
project area.
Compensating for the impact by replacing or
Loss of topsoil may only take place at a few locations
providing substitute resources or environments.
during construction activities. However, in view of the
The project proponent plays a vital role in developing limited area covered by proposed project, this impact is
the mitigation plan by identifying possible mitigation expected to be of low significance. The spillage and
measures and assessing the feasibility of proposed measures. leakage of fuels, oils, and other chemicals may lead to
soil contamination. Considering the limited land area
This section provides a summary of the residual effects requirement for the development of a proposed project,
that are likely to be present following implementation no significant impacts due to this activity will occur
of the mitigation measures. provided the mitigation measures listed in following
section of the report are adhered with.
7.6.1. PROTECTED AREAS
There is no protected area, wetlands or wildlife sanctuary 7.6.2.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
was found inside or close proximity of within 5km The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts
radius of the project area. on geology, topography, and soil during the proposed
construction activities are:
7.6.2. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOILS
Vegetation clearing will be kept minimum;
7.6.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Unnecessary clearing of vegetation will be strictly
Impacts on geomorphology and soils may arise from the prohibited;
following project activities:
Vehicle speeds will be regulated and monitored to
Clearing and levelling for infrastructure construc- avoid excessive dust emissions;
tion.
Off-road travel should be avoided and observance
Contamination of soil due to spillage of fuels, oils, of this should be monitored during the operation;
or chemicals.
Use of existing roads for transportation of goods.
Chapter 07 07
Vehicles and equipment would not be repaired in towards Arabian Sea, however this drain is dried and
the field. If unavoidable, impervious sheathing will never flooded. The ground water availability in project
be used to avoid soil and water contamination. area is at depth of 80 to 100ft, so proposed project
activities will not impact on local water resources. But if
Waste oils should be collected and disposed off as water is procured form local resources then it will
per waste management plan. impact the water availability for locals.
Regular inspections would be carried out to detect
leakages in construction vehicles and equipment. 7.6.3.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
The mitigation measures described below will ensure
Fuels, lubricants, and chemicals will be stored in
that the project areas surface and aquifer resources are
proper storages.
not affected by project activities.
7.6.2.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT Follow good housekeeping practices with all
machinery that may potentially discharge waste
The land use will change as a result of construction of
water;
the slaughterhouse.The nature of impact is direct and its
duration is short term and reversible but takes time to No untreated effluents will be released to the
rehabilitate the natural environment of the area, so the environment;
overall significance of impact is low resulting from low
likelihood as the construction activities will be short Effluents from the camp offices and the residential
term. If the mitigation measures are effectively camps will be treated if required before its disposal.
implemented, the residual impact of the proposed The treated water either will be used for tree
activities on the areas geophysical environment is plantation or will be disposed off in the nearby drain
expected to be very low in significance. channel.
7.6.3. WATER RESOURCES 7.6.3.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT

7.6.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS The overall significance level given is low, because
mainly water will be procured from Karachi water
Proposed activities could affect the areas water supply authority and not locally. In the project area there
resources in two ways: is one natural drain called Lath Wala Dhora adjacent to
the project boundary wall towards Arabian Sea, however
Reduction from overuse, and
this drain is dried and never flooded. The ground water
Contamination availability in the project area is at depth of 80-100ft, so
proposed project activities will not impact on local water
7.6.3.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS resources. Proper implementation of the required
mitigation and monitoring techniques will prevent any
Water will be required during construction activities. For adverse water quality impacts. Residual impacts are
the project activities water will be procured from foreseen to be negligible / low in this case.
Karachi Water Supply Authority. Water conservation
practices will be utilized to reduce the overall water 7.6.4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
consumption during proposed project activities.
The impacts on surface and groundwater from construction

7.6.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
activities on the main site can be significant in case of Air emissions from proposed project construction
accidental fuel leakage or spillage or any mismanagement related activities are likely to include:
of other fuel used on the main site or off-site.
Dust emissions produced during construction
Surface water quality may deteriorate if pollutants are activities;
mixed with surface runoff during rain and carried to
water resources in the vicinity. Potential sources of Combustion products (nitrogen oxides, sulfur
pollution in such cases may include: dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and
volatile organic compounds) from diesel generators;
Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge);
Combustion products from vehicles used for project
Oil and grease from vehicles and machinery; and from construction equipment.
Stored fuel, oil and other chemicals; 7.6.4.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS
In project area there is one natural drain called Lath The sources of emissions during construction activities
Wala Dhora passing through the project boundary wall will not be significantly enough to alter the ambient air
Chapter 07 08
quality of the area. The emissions will disperse quickly

with the prevalent wind currents. 7.6.4.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is
Other factors that support the insignificant nature of the likely to leave no long-term residual impact on the
impact are: ambient air.
Dust Emissions:
Dust emissions during construction can be an issue. 7.6.5. GHG EMISSIONS
Potential sources of dust emission during construction The main source for GHG emissions will be generator
activities include earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and and vehicle emissions during the project activity. The
grading), exposed surfaces, exposed storage piles, truck overall rating given to impact is low because the GHG
dumping, hauling, vehicle movement, and concrete emissions generated will be less and to minimize the
mixing and batching. impact, all vehicles, generators and other equipment
used during the construction will be properly tuned and
Dust emitted during construction activities can result in
maintained in good working condition.
deterioration of ambient air quality in the vicinity of the
source, and be a nuisance to the communities and By implementing the mitigation measures listed above
workers. Dust clouds also reduce road visibility, creating in 7.6.4. Ambient Air Quality, the residual impact of the
a traffic hazard. proposed activities is expected to be insignificant.
Vehicle and Equipment Exhaust Emissions:
Combustion processes in generators and other construction 7.6.6. OZONE DEPLETION
equipment result in exhaust gases that can effects the The proposed project will avoid use of any source of
ambient air quality locally. ozone depleting compounds such as Halon,
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
Typical air pollutants that are expected to be emitted (HCFC) or any other source which deplete the ozone
include CO, PM, SO2, NO2 and NO. Each of the layer, so the overall assessment of the impact is
mentioned pollutants has significant adverse effects significantly low.
whenever present in the atmosphere in high
concentrations.
7.6.7. NOISE POLLUTION
7.6.4.3 MITIGATION MEASURES 7.6.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
The mitigation measures given below will further Potential sources of noise pollution may include
reduce their impacts, and ensure that they remain within operation of generators, machinery, construction
acceptable limits. equipment, and vehicles during the project activities.
Water will be sprinkled when there is an obvious The potential noise related issues during construction is
dust problem on all exposed surfaces to suppress the disturbance to nearby community and on-site
emission of dust. Frequency of sprinkling will be workers due to construction machinery operation.
kept such that the dust remains under control,
particularly when wind is blowing towards the 7.6.7.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS
receptors.
The potential sources of significant noise during the
All equipment, generators, and vehicles used during construction period include the construction machinery,
the project will be properly tuned and maintained generators at camps and construction related traffic.
in good working condition in order to minimize
exhaust emissions; There is no continuous major source of noise in the
communities. Intermittent sources of noise include farm
Construction materials that are susceptible to dust tractors, sugar mill and road traffic on the main road.
formation will be transported only in securely Increased noise levels during construction activities can
covered trucks to prevent dust emission during be a source of nuisance for locals and a source of
transportation. disturbance to wildlife. The main exposure of noise
pollution will be on crew members. To minimize
All project vehicles will be checked regularly to exposure to noise personal protective equipment (PPE)
ensure that engines are in sound working condition will be used by the workers.
and are not emitting smoke;
Construction noise levels at the nearest receptor in the
Prohibition of smoking in the workshop, in the nearby village, located approximately at 52m from the
vicinity of the fuel storage facilities, near vehicles proposed project boundary, would fluctuate depending
and areas that are designated with risks of fire. on the type, number, distance from receptor, and
Chapter 07 09
duration of use of various pieces of construction Reduce equipment noise at source;

equipment. In this analysis, first the noise level due to
each piece of equipment, which is likely to be used in Before the start of the operations conduct a noise
the construction of the plant, would be calculated. The survey of the equipment and prepare a noise control
noise level results would be compared with National plan;
Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (2010) to Use noise-abating devices wherever needed and
meet the permissible limits. practicable;
There is a potential of temporary wildlife relocation
Blowing of horn will be prohibited on the access
because of noise, so to reduce this impact night work
road to the plant site and inside the site.
will be minimized thus reducing the disturbance to
wildlife. The overall impact level is low in significance
as the likelihood of occurrence is low.
7.6.7.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT
By implementing the above mitigation measures the
Baseline noise level monitoring conducted at project site overall impact will be significantly low. Residual noise
and trend shows the lowest acoustic level of 57dB and impact is expected to be low from the construction
highest recorded level was 60.2dB during day time. The activities of the slaughterhouse.
main source of noise at site is heavy vehicular movement
on National Highway. 7.6.8. WASTE DISCHARGES
7.6.7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES 7.6.8.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: The expected waste generated during construction
activities and their proposed methods of disposal are
All on-site personnel will use required personal
discussed below Table 7-6.
protective equipment (PPE) in high noise areas that
will be clearly marked. Likely impacts from hazardous and non- hazardous
waste generated by construction activities (if disposed
Proper engineering control will be applied to noise
off improperly) can include;
producing sources.
Surface and groundwater pollution
It will be ensured that diesel generators, vehicles
and other potentially noisy equipment used are in Soil contamination
good condition. Noise from generators, vehicles and
other equipment and machinery will be kept to the Air pollution, odour
minimum through regular maintenance.
Health hazards
The strategy to minimize the noise in the community to
Aesthetic issues
within acceptable limits will be based on the following:
TABLE 76: CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES WASTE
Chapter 07 10
7.6.8.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS activity period will be maintained. Quantities of

waste disposed, recycled, or reused will be logged
All the waste generated during construction activities on a waste tracking register.
will be disposed off through implementation of an
effective waste management plan. o Disposal
All non-hazardous waste material that cannot be
Domestic Wastes recycled or reused will be disposed of as per waste
Domestic wastes generated during construction management plan.
activities will include sewage or black water, grey water
(from kitchen, laundry, and showers), kitchen wastes, Depending on the nature and quantity of the
and recyclable wastes. Sewage or black water will be hazardous waste, it will be disposed of by licensed
treated and disposed off as per waste management plan. hazardous waste contractors as per the waste
Grey water will also be collected for reuse in garden or management plan.
plantation. o Audits
Water used in vehicle and slaughterhouse servicing On-site audits of the waste management will be
areas, vehicle wash bays and lubrication bays would be undertaken on a regular basis during the project
collected and connected to the drainage system via an activity.
oil/grease trap.
Audits of the waste disposal contractors and waste
Organic waste or compostable material including disposal facilities will be undertaken on a regular
vegetation waste and food waste will be disposed off as basis to ensure the implementation of waste
per waste management plan. Recyclable materials such handling and disposal procedures.
as paper, card board, textiles, plastics, tin and o Other Management Measures
aluminium cans also will be disposed off as per waste
Training will be provided to personnel for
management plan.
identification, segregation, and management of
Oil Stains and Spills waste.
Fuel or oil stains, leakage or spill during construction
An emergency response plan will be developed for
operations can result in contamination of soil and water.
the hazardous waste (and substances).
Consequently spill containment will be used for all fuel
and lubricant storage. All spills to ground will be All containers of hazardous waste will be appropriate
remediated as soon as reasonably practical. labeled.
7.6.8.3 MITIGATION MEASURES Equipment and material containing asbestos,

poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ozone
A waste management plan will be developed before the depleting substances (ODSs) will not be used.
start of the project activities. Key elements of the waste
management system will be the following:
7.6.9. TRAFFIC
o On-site handling
The recyclable waste will be sent to approved waste 7.6.9.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
contractors. Following will be the potential impacts from the traffic;
Waste bins will be placed inside the boundary. All Disturbance to local community.
waste removed from the site will be under license
and handled by an approved contractors. All Safety hazard for the community, particular when
hazardous waste will be separated from other there is increase of traffic during construction
non-hazardous wastes. activities on the proposed project access road.
o Records
Records of all waste generated during the project
Chapter 07 11
7.6.9.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 7.6.10.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS

The nearest community settlement is located 52m from During the construction activities there will be possible
the project boundary. The main N-5 national highway disturbance to wildlife due to disturbance and loss of
will be used for all the proposed project related traffic habitat, clearing and levelling of construction site.
and project site is located adjacent to the road, thus Wildlife may also be disturbed due to sensory
ensuring that the community will not be influenced by disturbance from earthwork, construction; movement of
the construction vehicle movement. vehicles and crew personnel. This can possibly result in
changes in distribution and abundance.
7.6.9.3 MITIGATION MEASURES To minimize the impact, vegetation loss will be kept to
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: an absolute minimum. No-hunting and no-trapping
policy will be strictly enforced, unless human life is
Journey management plan will be developed.
under threat. Most of the animals in the region are
To the extent possible, peak traffic times will be common to the area. Birds are least susceptible to the
avoided for project traffic. long-term impact of temporary activities, as they are
highly mobile and tend to avoid areas of project activity.
Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited No endangered or vulnerable species are found in the
where possible. proposed project area. So the overall significant of
impact is low.
Vehicles will remain confined to defined access.
Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on the 7.6.10.3 MITIGATION MEASURES

section of the access road that is adjacent to the village. The following mitigation measures will reduce the
adverse impact on the wildlife of the project area:
Road signage relevant to the project traffic will be
posted, where necessary. Vegetation loss will be kept to an absolute
minimum.
Community complaint register and other means will
be adopted for the community to complain about Fires in the open will not be allowed;
non-adherence of project traffic to speed limits, safe
driving and other safety-related concerns. A no-hunting, no-trapping, no-harassing policy
will be strictly enforced, unless threatening to
7.6.9.4 RESIDUAL IMPACTS human life.
By implementing the above mitigation measures the Uncontrolled discharge of waste of any kind will be
overall impact will be significantly low. avoided in the area;
7.6.10. WILDLIFE AND HABITAT Discharging firearms will be explicitly prohibited;
General awareness of the crew will be enhanced

7.6.10.1 POTENTIAL ISSUES regarding the wildlife, through environmental
Impacts on wildlife may arise from the following project training, notice board postings, tool box talks etc;
activities:
The project staff will be educated and instructed to
Noise generated from project activities; avoid killing. Feeding or harassment of wildlife will
not be allowed;
Movement of personnel and vehicles;
Physical disturbance to areas outside the work
Lights used at the project facilities; corridors will be avoided;
Clearing of vegetation; The total duration of activities will be minimized by
good management;
Improper disposal of wastes;
All mitigation measures to minimize noise levels,
Likely impacts of these activities can include:
dust emissions, air emissions, and waste
Temporary migration of mammals and bird from management required by the EIA will be adhered
the area; to;
Accidental killings of wildlife. Disposal of food wastes in open will be avoided;
Movement of all project personnel will be restricted
Chapter 07 12
to work areas; Lack of proper controls and signage around

potentially hazardous areas.
Night travelling will be kept to a minimum.
Community sensitive project planning and implementation
7.6.10.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT as prescribed through the recommended mitigation
measures will minimize the occurrence of any such impacts.
Once the mitigation measures given above are
implemented, it is expected that the project will have Mobility and Transportation:
lesser significant impacts on the areas wildlife. The project activities may affect mobility of local
women. Project personnel will be given gender sensiti-
7.6.11. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT zation briefings and will be instructed to respect local
norms, the local culture, particularly in relation to the
7.6.11.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS womenfolk of the area.
Potential sources of positve and negitative impacts on Project and Community Interface:
local communities can include: Inter-cultural differences between the project staff from
Safety and security other areas and the local community could result in
frictions. To mitigate these issues locals will preferred
Mobility and transportation for unskilled jobs. Also with proper management of the
workforce, it is possible to avoid any complaints.
Project and Community Interface
Cultural and Religious Opportunities:
Cultural and religious sites Cultural sites in the form of mosques, tombs and
Archaeological Sites graveyards exist in the proximity of project site, but no
one is located in close vicinity of project area. So, no
Local Economy negative impact or damage will take place due to
construction crew.
Local Employment
Archaeological Sites:
7.6.11.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS There are no documented sites of archaeological,
historical, or cultural significance near the project area.
Safety and Security: A historical museum Bhamore is at approximately 20
The operations may affect the safety and security of the km away from project site, on main National Highway
inhabitants of the areas in the following ways: conflicts adjacent to Gharo.
between residents and the construction contractors, Local Economy:
carriage of fire arms on the site will be banned.
There will be positive impact on local economy due to
Safety issues associated with proposed activities involve project activities:
improper handling, storing and disposing off fuels, oils,
lubricants and some chemicals as well as accidents Increased turnover of local businesses and shops
occurring with the operation of moving equipment. due to an increased demand from project contractors
Workers on-site could be affected from different activities: and their employees. During the proposed project
activities such as construction, material such as the
Health impacts and sickness related to dust gravel, aggregate, steel, cement, sand for site
emissions: respiratory problems, skin irritation and construction will be procured from local market.
eyes itching. General supplies which include camp supplies
(food, etc), fuels and oils etc will also be procured
Health stress impacts from workers exposure to from local Thatta district.
daily noise emissions from different machines used
on-site. An increase in the income of locals may occur due
to employment in the project.
Improper use of the different machinery tools and
fuels on-site cause a threat to workers safety. Local Employment:
During construction phase of the project approximately
The trucks and equipment used to perform the 150~200 jobs will be generated for skill and unskill work.
proposed activities could cause a hazard when The project will employ local people for unskilled jobs.
extensively used without proper maintenance and When hiring local people, preference will be given to
check-ups. people living within the close proximity of the project
site.
Gaseous and particulate air emissions can be
hazardous to workers.
Chapter 07 13
Flagmen and traffic controllers employed by

7.6.11.3 MITIGATION MEASURES officials will be put on the access road to direct the
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: project related traffic.
Limit the social interaction between the workforce Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on the
and the local communities; section of the access road that is adjacent to the
village.
The construction crews interaction with the local
population will be minimized. Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited
where possible.
The project proponent and the contractor will
maintain liaison with the local community. The Road signage relevant to the project traffic will be
communities will be informed of the construction posted, where necessary.
activities well in advance.
Work areas outside the proposed plant site,
There will be no interaction with the local women especially where machinery is involved will be
folk. roped off and will be constantly monitored to ensure
that local people, especially children stay away.
The company will maintain a social complaint
register at the site to document all complaints No machinery will be left unattended, particularly
received from local communities. The register will in running condition.
also record the measures taken to mitigate these
concerns. 7.7 impacts associateD With
Awareness and cultural inductions to educate the
operation activities
contractor workforce on the requirement of In this section the environmental and socio-economic
minimizing social interaction with local communities; impacts associated with the proposed project operation
activities are discussed. The impacts that are discussed
Project staff will respect cultural norms. are as follows:
The non-local project staff will be sensitized to local Environmental Impacts
culture and norms.
Transportation of live animals
Unnecessary interaction of local population with the
non-local project staff will be avoided. Solid waste and by-products
Reasonable number of unskilled and semi-skilled Wastewater

jobs will be reserved for the local communities.
Air emissions
A local labor selection criterion will be developed in
consultation with the community. Noise
The fence surrounding the site will be put in on Traffic

during the construction to prevent access to the Resource consumption
construction site.
Abnormal conditions
All entry points into the construction area will be
staffed 24 hours a day. Occupational Health and Safety
People who are not related to the project will not be Physical hazards
allowed inside, unless accompanied by project
personnel. Biological hazards
All vehicle drivers will be trained in community Chemical hazards

safety aspects. Drivers will be trained in responsible
Socioeconomic Impacts
and safe driving practices; safe speed limits for
vehicles will be followed; Employment Opportunity
Community will be briefed on traffic safety, Community development
especially women who are main care providers to
children. Traffic safety awareness programs will be
considered, if deemed necessary.
Chapter 07 14
protect the animals from inclement weather,

7.7.1. TRANSPORTATION OF LIVE extreme temperatures and adverse changes in
ANIMALS ANIMAL WELFARE climatic conditions;
The livestock will be transported from different part of
be cleaned and disinfected;
country particularly from Punjab and Sindh provinces
using a fleet of vehicles designed for the transport of live prevent the animals escaping or falling out and
animals. When transporting live animals strict animal be able to withstand the stresses of movements;
welfare standards apply as per IFC, FAO and EU
standards for animal welfare. Mainly animal welfare ensure that air quality and quantity appropriate
guidelines and standards specifies vehicles to the species transported can be maintained;
requirements, space per animal, veterinary provisions,
access to food and water, loading and unloading provide access to the animals to allow them to
requirements, ventilation and temperature, rest periods be inspected and cared for;
during long journeys etc. present a flooring surface that is anti-slip;
The same requirements are also laid out in EU Guidance present a flooring surface that minimises the
for Best Available Techniques, prepared in accordance leakage of urine or faeces; and provide a means
with Animal Welfare: EU Welfare in transport regulation of lighting sufficient for inspection and care of
(EC) No 1/2005. The regulation requires that all persons the animals during transport.
who take animals on a journey, whatever the length,
should always apply the following good transport Sufficient space shall be provided inside the animals'
practice: compartment and at each of its levels to ensure that
there is adequate ventilation above the animals
The journey is properly planned and time is kept to when they are in a naturally standing position,
a minimum and the animals are checked and their without on any account hindering their natural
needs met during the journey; movement.
The animals are fit to travel; Partitions shall be strong enough to withstand the
The vehicle and loading and unloading facilities are weight of animals. Fittings shall be designed for
designed, constructed and maintained to avoid quick and easy operation.
injury and suffering; During transportation, journey times must not
Those handling animals are trained or competent in exceed 8 hours without a feed/watering/rest period
the task and do not use violence or any methods or 24 hours provided they have continuous access
likely to cause unnecessary fear, injury or suffering; to water.
and The livestock will be transported from different part of
Water, feed and rest are given to the animals as country particularly from Punjab and Sindh provinces.
needed and sufficient floor space and height is Purchased animals will be offloaded from the vehicles
allowed. through the unloading ramps and will be placed in a
resting area, which will be properly enclosed and has
It further specifies animals that cannot be transported, feed/water facility. Unloading ramp for unloading
including: animals from trucks will be provided at the entrance.
However, FFBL will adhere to standards set forth for the
Unfit animals; transport of live animals to the extent they apply to FFBL
operations.
Very young animals except if the journey is less than
100 km, e.g. calves of less than 10 days of age;
7.7.2. SOLID WASTE AND BYPRODUCTS
Pregnant female animals (if they have reached the MANAGEMENT
latest stage of gestation (within 10% of the estimated
time of the gestation before birth) and for a period 7.7.2.1. POTENTIAL ISSUES
of one week after giving birth. The meat-processing slaughters animals to produce
Transportation Practices primary carcass products, processed cuts, and a variety
Vehicles/containers and their fittings shall be of byproducts. The rendering processes animal
designed, constructed, maintained and operated so by-product materials for the production of tallow and
as to: grease, and bone meal for use as animal feed. This
activity may generate large quantities of solid waste
avoid injury and suffering and to ensure the including the manure and bedding material generated
safety of the animals; during animal transport and lairage activities, as well as
Chapter 07 15
waste from processing steps. Waste products and

by-products of slaughtering processes can generally be 7.7.2.3. MITIGATION MEASURES
divided into the following categories: The following mitigation measures will be implemented:
Manure, contents of the rumen and intestines; 1. General Waste Management Practices
A waste management plan will be developed and
Edible products such as liver; implemented during operational phase of the project.
Inedible products such as hair and bones; Key elements of the waste management system will be
the following:
Blood, fat; and
o On-site handling
Non-recoverable waste materials that require final The recyclable waste will be sent to approved waste
disposal. contractors.
Manure Waste bins will be placed inside the boundary. All
Significant volumes of manure will be produced by the waste removed from the site will be under license
livestock consisting largely of un-metabolized nutrients. and handled by an approved contractors. All
It contains nitrogen and phosphorus, disease causing hazardous waste will be separated from other
bacteria and will also result in the emission of ammonia. non-hazardous waste.
It therefore requires careful management in order to
o Records
protect groundwater/surface water resources and
human health. Records of all waste generated during the project
activity period will be maintained. Quantities of
Storage and handling of manure represent the most waste disposed, recycled, or reused will be logged
important emission sources from an environmental on a waste tracking register.
point of view. Manure has relatively high concentrations
o Disposal
of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) nutrients excreted
by the animals. The concentrations depend on: All non-hazardous waste material that cannot be
recycled or reused will be disposed of as per waste
the animals diet (e.g. concentration N and P in management plan.
animals feed);
Depending on the nature and quantity of the
the type of animal (cows, milked cows, etc.); hazardous waste, it will be disposed of by licensed
hazardous waste contractors as per the waste
the production level (growth factor, number of management plan.
pregnancies, milk yield, etc.); and
o Other Management Measures
genetics (e.g. the feed conversion factor). Training will be provided to personnel for
identification, segregation, and management of
In addition, ammonia emissions (NH3) from manure
waste.
arise from mixing the solid and wet (urine) fractions.
Manure management and consequently emissions of An emergency response plan will be developed for
ammonia and odour problems will be reduced following the hazardous waste (and substances).
the various facility upgrades. A key issue is the availability
of agricultural land to take this manure. Bio-Gas plant is All containers of hazardous waste will be labelled
also being considered for manure management. The appropriately.
solid waste and by-product generated during the
operational phase of proposed project can pose a health Equipment and material containing asbestos,
hazard; pollute soil, surface and ground water if not poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ozone
managed properly. depleting substances (ODSs) will not be used.
o Audits
7.7.2.2. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS On-site audits of the waste management will be
A significant impact will be interpreted if the waste undertaken on a regular basis.
management is not carried out properly; which may
Audits of the waste disposal contractors and waste
affect health of workers, pollution of soil, surface or
disposal facilities will be undertaken on a regular
groundwater. All wastes generated from the project will
basis to ensure the implementation of waste
be properly managed by proposed controls discussed in
handling and disposal procedures.
the subsequent sections. The environmental impacts will
be minimum after the implementation of the proposed 2. By-Products Management
mitigations. FFBL plans to maximise the use of these by-products
Chapter 07 16
and waste in the following manner: livestock bruising during transport and handling,
maintenance of lairage areas to keep animals clean,
Blood will be processed to make Blood Meal. use of rounded knives when hides are manually
Animal fat will be processed and produce "Tallow" removed, and washing / preservation of hides and /
and will be storage for further transportation. or use of refrigeration or proper drying or salting to
reduce bacterial degradation during transport to the
Inedible waste materials from the slaughtered tannery.
animals will be processed and converted into a
mixed meat and bone meal. The product will be Curtail animal feeding 12 hours before slaughtering
stored in gunny bags. The bags will be suitably to reduce manure production and reduce the risk of
sealed giving name of the company, date of contamination of the carcasses with manure and
manufacture and composition of product. The bags digestive tract content during slaughter.
will be stored in room temperature until they are Provide sufficient manure storage capacity until the
sold. manure is transported for agricultural and other
3. Manure Management uses.
Manure will be transported to the main manure storage Collect and compost stomach and intestinal contents
area for later application to the agricultural land as and manure (preferably removed in dry form
fertilizer. FFBL is also planning to install a Bio-Gas plant without mixing into the effluent, and provided it
in near future to fulfill the energy needs of the abattoir, does not come from diseased animals) for use as
and production of organic fertilizer, through manure. compost or other agricultural application. In future
FFBL will design the manure storage area to minimize when FFBL install bio-gas plant, this waste will be
odour and other air emissions and leachate from manure sent to bio-gas plant for production of electricity and
in line with good international practices. The manure organic fertilizer.
storage area will have slatted flooring and dry manure
scrapers which reduce ammonia emissions. Hard 6. Sludge from Wastewater Treatment
flooring will prevent leachate filtration to soils and The following measures will be implemented to further
groundwater. Manure storage areas will also be located reduce the volume of waste generated from wastewater
well away from any surface waters/or floodplains. treatment processes:
Further measures to reduce leachate and therefore risk
of groundwater contamination include protection Segregate wastewater containing manure and
against rainfall and, use of dry manure scraping (rather digestive tract content (e.g. from reception of live
than flushing with water). There is ample demand for animals, lairage, cleaning of trucks and specific
the manure due to the large areas of agricultural land in areas in the casing department). Screened materials
the project area. FFBL will develop a Manure from these areas can be used as fertilizers on
Management Plan, for those operations under its direct agricultural land or will be added in the manure
control, to ensure all requirements are met and water collected from livestock and then will be sent to
resources are protected. A system for recording manure bio-gas plant for production of electricity and
collection and application will also be described in the organic fertilizer.
plan. Increase the quality of the sludge for possible use as
4. Sick and Diseased Animals agricultural fertilizer by reducing or eliminating
Animal fitness will be judged at the time of pathogens such as E. coli, campylobacter, and
procurement / receipt at site by veterinary inspector. salmonella through controlled aerobic treatment
If animal judged not fit for halal slaughter by (compost) or anaerobic digestion (bio-gas).
veterinary inspector, it will not be accepted.
7.7.2.4. RESIDUAL IMPACTS
Animals that die during transport, and sick or dead
Proper implementation of the mitigation measures will
animals from quarantine pens, would be separated
minimize the residual impact from waste. Monitoring
and will be incinerated for final disposal.
and inspection will be undertaken to ensure the
5. Reprocess-able Solid Animal Waste mitigation measures implementation.
For reprocessing of solid animal by-products following
measures will be considered: 7.7.3. WASTEWATER
Specific control measures will be taken to segregate 7.7.3.1. POTENTIAL ISSUES
and manage high-risk tissues.
Meat processing wastewater typically has a high content
Enhance the quality and value of bovine hides for of organic material and consequently a high biochemical
sale to tanneries. Methods include prevention of oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand
Chapter 07 17
(COD) due to the presence of blood, tallow, and mucosa. cleaning should be removed while in solid form.
Wastewater may have a high content of nitrogen (from
blood) and phosphorus, in addition to pathogenic and Stomach and intestine contents should be
non-pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and parasite eggs. removed and transported in a dry state by
Detergents and disinfectants, including acid, alkaline, pumps, screw conveyers or trolleys to outdoor
and neutral compounds, disinfectants, and liquid storage and collection points for further
paraffin, may enter the wastewater stream after recycling or land use.
application during facility-cleaning activities. Prevent direct runoff to water courses,
The wastewater can be a potential source of pollution to especially from lairage and manure storage
surface and groundwater resources of the area. areas.
Apply appropriate tank and equipment cleaning

7.7.3.2. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS procedures. Clean in Place (CIP) cleaning
The site will have Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) procedures are useful to reduce chemical, water and
with a designed capacity up to 1300m3/day during energy consumption in cleaning operations.
seven working days per week. This design is performed
Choose cleaning agents that do not have adverse
by assuming a possible increase in the daily yield of the
impacts on the environment in general, on
slaughterhouse. The biological sector of the WWTP will
wastewater treatment unit processes, or on sludge
run 24hours per day, while the equipments designed to
quality for agricultural application. Prevent the use
remove solids (screenings) and fats (DAF Unit) will only
of agents that contain active chlorine or prohibited
work about 16-20hours/day, as a buffer tank at the input
banned or restricted chemicals. Optimize agent use
of the plant will be installed.
through correct dosage and application (e.g. CIP).
A significant impact will be interpreted if discharged to
Implement integrated pest and vector management
the environment exceed the NEQS limits for effluent
programs and maximize vector control through
discharge or IFC/World Bank guidelines for effluent
mechanical means (e.g. traps, and use of mesh on
discharge from slaughterhouse. Similarly a significant
doors and windows) to avoid or minimize the
impact will be interpreted if wastewater contaminates
introduction of chemicals potentially harmful to the
the groundwater.
wastewater treatment process or the sludge quality.
Wastewater generated during the operation of
slaughterhouse is estimated to be approximately 800 to 7.7.3.4. RESIDUAL IMPACTS
1000m3/day. The wastewater will be disposed after
Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures
appropriate treatment. Following mitigation measures
and regular monitoring is not likely to leave any
will be adopted for effective management of wastewater
significant impact of the wastewater from the slaughter
from the plant.
house.
7.7.3.3. MITIGATION MEASURES 7.7.4. AIR EMISSIONS

The following mitigation measures will be implemented:
7.7.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS
Wastewater shall be disposed off as per waste
management plan. Air emissions from the slaughtering process are
relatively small. Odour may often be the most significant
Monitoring of effluents shall be carried out as per form of air pollution in meat processing. Major process
requirement of Self Monitoring and Reporting Tool odour sources include lairage, wastewater treatment and
(SMART) to ensure compliance with the NEQS and rendering. The latter is an evaporative process that
IFC/World Bank guidelines. produces condensate with a foul odour. Particulate
emissions are typically not significant, although they
Recommended management techniques for pollution may be emitted during singeing and meat smoking
prevention of wastewater include: processes. Livestock handling areas also may be a source
of organic dust depending on the management of
Prioritize the removal of solid waste before it enters
fugitive dust.
the wastewater stream:
Other potential sources for air emissions are combustion
Use floor drains and collection channels with
products (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate
grids, screens, and / or traps to reduce the
matter, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic
amount of solids entering the wastewater
compounds) from standby diesel generators and
stream.
combustion products from vehicles used for project
Manure from the stockyard and from vehicle related activities. Ammonia could be the source of air
Chapter 07 18
pollution as well as it will be used as a refrigerant in few regular basis.

units. There is a potential of ammonia leakage from
pipes. Clean and maintain a sufficient level of humidity in
pens and livestock yards.
7.7.4.2 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS Reduce fugitive dust by minimizing surface areas
Odour and dust can be of problem to nearby communities. with exposed soil surfaces, and by planting hedges
The main source of odour and dust is rendering process. or erecting fences to minimize wind turbulence.
Ammonia odour is emitted from the rendering process
Monitoring of Ambient air parameters (PM10, SO2,
and as a by-product of the microbial decomposition of
and NOx) emissions should be carried out on
the organic nitrogen compounds in manure. The potential
regularly basis to ensure compliance with the NEQS
for ammonia emissions exists wherever manure is present.
and IFC/World Bank emission guidelines.
Another source of ammonia emission could be the leakage
from refrigerant. Ammonia gas is irritating to the eyes Frequent maintenance of refrigeration lines to
and skin. Mild to moderate exposure to the gas can preventing ammonia leaks.
produce headaches, burning in the throat, perspiration,
nausea and vomiting etc Ammonia leak detection system should be installed
to monitor the ammonia gas. Evacuation procedures
The tropical climate of our country enhances the process must be carried out to prevent dangerous exposures
of degeneration of any tissue material remaining as a of ammonia.
waste in the premises of the slaughterhouses. Therefore,
the slaughterhouse premises always give a particular FFBL will plants indigenous trees around buildings.
stink. In order to avoid this stinking odour proper
Odour Abatement Measures
ventilation of slaughtering halls, washing of the floors
with non-poisonous disinfectants will be used. Following is the measures to contain potentially odorous
air, and to extract potentially odorous air from the
Particulates can be generated from lairage facilities due operational units to designated odour abatement
to moving animals and the singeing process. At the systems to minimize the risk of any escape of odour
proposed slaughterhouse lairage facilities will be in (fugitive emissions) from the buildings. The detail on
closed buildings and dust from lairage is not considered odour control system design is provided in Chapter 3 of
a significant issue. This will also help to minimise noise the report.
and odours. Particulates from singeing are largely as
result of fuel combustion. The use of clean burning Installation of rendering equipment in closed spaces
natural gas, as recommended for good international and operate under negative pressure compared to
practice, will be used at slaughterhouse and will ambient air conditions; the project will also have
therefore minimise particulate emissions. filter plant for odor abatement from rendering unit.
The rest of emissions from standby generators will be of Bio-filters will be installed to control the odour.
less in concentration. The emissions from backup Odour monitoring should be undertaken on
generators include sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, regularly basis.
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates. The
emission levels depend on the type and quality of fuel All process buildings will be constructed from high
and the manner in which it is burned. quality cladding, generally with a concrete protective
wall section along the base, in which all doors will
7.7.4.3 MITIGATION MEASURES be kept closed and only operated to facilitate access
to the buildings. This will reduce the risk of any loss
The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts
of fugitive emissions to atmosphere from these
on air quality during the proposed operation activities
buildings. The air from this enclosed area is
are:
continuously extracted to the bio filters. The bio
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: filter extraction system continuously removes
potentially odorous air from the process buildings
General Measures thus ensuring that these buildings are operated
Clean pens and livestock yards on a timely basis. under negative pressure so that the risk of escape of
fugitive is minimised.
Empty and clean fat traps frequently.
All screw conveyors used in the process areas will
Condensation of vapors from rendering process be covered with bolt-on covers. The covers are
combined with scrubbers. removed only to allow routine maintenance to be
Ammonia monitoring should be carried out on carried out.
Chapter 07 19
Tallow oil from the decanter will be discharged into monitoring conducted at project site and trend shows
a closed bin. This bin will be removed and vapors the lowest acoustic level of 57dB and highest recorded
from the bin will be also extracted to the bio-filter level was 60.2dB during day time. The main source of
treatment system. noise at site is heavy vehicular movement on National
Highway.
All side sheeting on the main production building
will be constructed with double skin type of The NEQS and IFC/World Bank guidelines for noise
cladding. require that the sound level in residential areas should
not exceed 55 dB (A) during the day and 45 dB (A)
Operating procedures for the raw material area will during the night. An alternate criterion is the World
include instructions to all operators to ensure that Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
all access doors to the building are kept closed
except when in use, and to close access doors The existing daytime noise levels at eight locations show
immediately after delivery vehicles enter or leave that noise levels are not complying with NEQS defined
the airlock building. Separate personnel doors will limits due to heavy vehicular movement on National
be provided for the operators entering and leaving Highway.
the buildings and these doors are kept closed at all
times. These instructions and their implementation Noise level during operation phase of slaughterhouse
are designed to minimise fugitive emissions of will be limited to operational site. The only noise sources
potentially odorous air from these areas. during operation phase will be air compressors and
backup generators. Workers could be exposed to high
Emissions from Waste Water Treatment Plant: noise level, however only concerned staff will be
Continuous operation of proper conditions within working in the area with required personal protective
the aeration tanks is the best method of preventing equipment (PPE) to minimize/ reduce the noise
odours from the wastewater treatment plant. One of exposure. The control on occupational hazards
the most important process control parameters will including noise is discussed later in this section. The
be maintenance of a controlled inflow to the residential area is located about 2 to 3km away from the
biological system. This will prevent the biological proposed project site and there will be no significant
process from being overloaded and help to maintain impact on the community.
aerobic conditions in the system. Maintenance of
aerobic conditions in the treatment plant will reduce 7.7.5.3. MITIGATION MEASURES
the risk of unacceptable odour (fugitive emissions)
The following mitigation measure will be undertaken in
from the process. Another possible source of
order to further reduce the noise levels:
unacceptable odour at the wastewater treatment
plant is the balance tank where raw wastewater is Effective noise suppression design and plan will be
kept prior to treatment. All of these measures will made for all noise producing equipment;
be used to reduce the risk of odour from the
wastewater treatment plant. It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other
potentially noisy equipment used are in good
7.7.4.4 RESIDUAL IMPACT condition. Noise from generators, vehicles and other
equipment and machinery will be kept to the
If the mitigation measures are effectively implemented, minimum through regular maintenance;
the residual impact of the proposed activities on the
areas air quality is expected to be low in significance. Noise monitoring will be carried out periodically.
7.7.5. NOISE 7.7.5.4. RESIDUAL IMPACTS

7.7.5.1. POTENTIAL ISSUES Implementation of the mitigation measures proposed
above will result in negligible / no residual impact due
The main sources of pollution from noise are the animal to slaughterhouse noise on surrounding environment.
noises during unloading and marshalling, vehicle
movements, compressors, air conditioners and 7.7.6. TRAFFIC
ventilation fans.
The operational phase of the slaughterhouse will result
The increased noise may be a source of disturbance to in increased traffic with several trucks arriving at the site
nearby communities and workers. each day. However, the impacts will be minimal because
the small distances between the main N-5 National
7.7.5.2. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS Highway and the slaughterhouse. Vehicles will be well
maintained (to prevent unnecessary exhaust emissions)
Noise sources in the community mostly intermittent in
and drivers will be appropriately trained and authorized
nature including road traffic. Baseline noise level
Chapter 07 20
to transport live animals. skin. Mild to moderate exposure to the gas can produce
headaches, burning in the throat, perspiration, nausea
The following mitigation measures will be implemented: and vomiting etc. Adequate maintenance of refrigeration
Journey management plan will be developed. lines is key to preventing such leaks. In addition, once
an ammonia leak is detected, monitoring and evacuation
To the extent possible, peak traffic times will be procedures must be carried out to prevent dangerous
avoided for traffic. exposures.
Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited 7.7.9. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
where possible.
SAFETY
Vehicles will remain confined to defined access. This section discusses the occupational health and safety
impacts of operations of slaughterhouse. Occupational
Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on the
health and safety hazards for meat processing are
section of the access road that is adjacent to the
similar to those of other industrial facilities. In addition,
village.
occupational health and safety issues that may be
Road signage relevant to the project traffic will be specifically associated with meat processing operations
posted, where necessary. include the following:
Community complaint register and other means will Physical hazards

be adopted for the community to complain about
Biological hazards
non-adherence of traffic to speed limits, safe driving
and other safety-related concerns. Chemical hazards
All vehicle drivers will be trained in community Exposure to heat, cold and radiation.
and safe driving practices; safe speed limits for Physical Hazards
vehicles will be followed. Physical hazards include exposure to same-level fall
hazards due to slippery conditions, the use of machines
7.7.7. RESOURCE CONSUMPTION and tools, principally for cutting purposes, and the
potential for strains from the handling of live animals
The facility will have a high energy and water usage. and carcasses.
Water will be sourced from the Karachi Water Supply
Authority. Measures to reduce water usage are de- Machine / Tool Safety
scribed above under Wastewater although further con- Equipment safety issues are mainly associated with the
sideration should be given to the recycling of use of knives, mechanical saws, packaging equipment,
uncontaminated process water, for example, in truck and mincers. Cuts may be caused by sharp bones and
washing etc. edges on process equipment (e.g. stainless steel basins).
Following will be followed to reduce the physical
Energy will be supplied from Karachi Electric Supply hazards of work place:
Company (KESC). Measures to reduce energy consumption
should be built into the design of the facility and include Proper training will be provided for the proper use
use of properly insulated materials, automated singeing of cutting equipment (including the proper use of
flame that switches off between carcasses, insulated machine safety devices) and personal protective
sterilizers (for knife sterilization and efficient equipment (PPE) will be provided such as metallic
refrigeration systems). These measures are included gloves and leather aprons for cutting activities;
within the facility design, although further consideration
could be given to the utilization of organic wastes for It will be ensured that ritual slaughter is carried out
production of bio-fuels in the future. by individuals who have received the correct
training and have subsequently been approved to
7.7.8. ABNORMAL EVENTS slaughter animals;
Abnormal events might include loss of power and the Slaughterhouse floor will be kept dry through
outbreak of fire. The facility will have its own backup regular housekeeping practices.
power supply using diesel generators to protect against Lifting, Carrying, Repetitive Work, and Work Postures
a loss of power and will be equipped with an automatic
fire detection system and fire hose system. Meat processing activities may include a variety of
situations in which workers can be exposed to lifting,
Ammonia leakage could occur from the refrigeration carrying, and repetitive work and work posture injuries.
system pipes. Ammonia gas is irritating to the eyes and Such situations include manual handling of live animals
Chapter 07 21
in the stables, removal and handling of manure and All waste material will be properly managed and
other solid wastes, handling of carcasses including will be removed daily basis to avoid exposure to
pushing, pulling, hanging up, and taking down from the workers.
sliding rails, and manually lifting boxes with meat or
Chemicals
bones. Following will be followed to reduce the hazards
of work place: Exposure to chemicals (including gases and vapors) may
occur during handling of chemicals related to cleaning
Proper training will be provided for live animal and disinfecting process areas and lairage / livestock
handling methods including the use of structures yards. To avoid the chemical exposure to workers,
and equipment for handling and restraining proper PPE such as respiratory protection and impermeable
animals; clothing for use during disinfection of pens and lairage
areas will be provided and precautionary measures will
Lairage pens will be designed appropriately be taken during handling and storing of detergents.
(hydraulic platforms and gravity flow will be
utilized in the design) so that the animals can be Heat, Cold, and Radiation
calmly moved into the facility, and which allows for Workers may be exposed to fluctuating internal climatic
escape routes for the workers. conditions and cold from refrigerated rooms. Measures
to reduce exposure to heat and cold include equipping
Biological Hazards
cold stores and chill stores with strip curtains to avoid
Exposure to biological and microbiological agents may extensive drafts when doors are open; ensuring freezers
be associated with inhalation and ingestion of dust and can be opened from the inside; providing protective
aerosols during manure handling in the lairage, pens clothing in cold environments (e.g. refrigerated storage
and livestock yards, as well as through incidental rooms), ensuring workers are always equipped with
ingestion and dermal contact during carcass handling, proper working garments, including dry boots; and
intestine cleaning, handling of stomach contents, and minimizing the amount of time process workers are in
waste and wastewater management operations. hot or cold environments. Proper radiation shielding
Following mitigation measures will be followed to should be provided.
reduce the exposure of hazards:
Proper ventilation system is in build in slaughter 7.7.10. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

house design to avoid the dust and aerosol exposure The local communities may be disturbed during
to workers; operational phase of project particularly due to traffic
safety from transport of raw materials and finished
Personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate for
product. A summary of potential socio-economic
the activity (e.g. protective clothing, gloves and
impacts of the proposed project are presented in
masks) will be provided to workers;
Table 7-7.
Workers personal hygiene will be ensured by
segregating work and welfare facilities;
TABLE 77: POTENTIAL SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECT
Chapter 07 22
By implementing the following mitigation measures, Community Development

impact to local community can be minimized: FFBL as a responsible corporate entity has number of
ongoing community development programs. FFBL has
All vehicle drivers will be trained in community
partnered with Human Development Foundation (HDF)
to carry out the community work in FFBL plant site
and safe driving practices; safe speed limits for
neighbors and Karachis south-eastern suburbs of Bin
vehicles will be followed;
Qasim Town. FFBL corporate social responsibility (CSR)
The company will maintain a social complaint emphasis areas include social mobilization, health,
register at the site to document all complaints education, environmental sustainability and economic
received from local communities. The register will development. These initiatives include:
also record the measures taken to mitigate these
Establishment of a community health centre;
concerns.
Establishment of an elementary school for girls;
Awareness and cultural inductions to educate the
workers on the requirement of minimizing social Establishment of filtration plants to provide the safe
interaction with local communities; drinking water facility;
Waste management plan will be implemented to Establishment of free medical camps in the region.
avoid any impact of nearby community;
Providing shelter, food, clean drinking water and
It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other medical care during flood in the region.
potentially noisy equipment used are in good
condition. Noise from generators, vehicles and other The community development schemes are ongoing and
equipment and machinery will be kept to the will continue as the proposed project are constructed
minimum through regular maintenance. and operated in the area.
Erect security/barriers and warning signs to prevent

public access to hazardous construction areas;
Traffic management plan will be developed and

implemented;
Transportation through community areas will be

avoided;
The non-local staff will be sensitized to local culture

and norms;
Unnecessary interaction of local population with the

non-local staff will be avoided;
Maximum number of unskilled and semi-skilled

jobs will be reserved for the local communities;
Employment Opportunity
The proposed project is expected to have positive impact
on economic condition of locals. Employment
opportunities will be generated due to proposed project
activities. The project will generate approximately
150~200 jobs during construction phase of the project
and 300~400 jobs during operation phase of the project.
Similarly the construction and operation of the project

will create far greater number of indirect income
resources for example income resource for transporters
for the transportation of the raw materials, procurement
of goods from local market etc.
Overall the project will have a positive impact on the

employment opportunities in Pakistan.
Chapter 07 23
Chapter 08
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

08 - EnvironmEntal managEmEnt Plan (EmP)
The potential environmental and social impacts are monitoring parameters in order to:
identified from the planning stage of proposed project
through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Ensure the complete implementation of all
process. The EIA has identified potential impacts that mitigation measures.
are likely to arise during the project. The EIA has Ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures.
examined in detail both negative and positive impacts
at each stage of the project covering both construction Define requirements for environmental monitoring
and operations phase. To minimize the effects of adverse and auditing.
impacts the EIA has recommended mitigation measures.
These mitigation measures include the use of alternative Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the
technologies, management and physical controls, or face of unanticipated environmental situations.
compensation in monetary terms. The proposed
Identify training requirements at various levels.
mitigation measures have been based on the
8.2 comPonEnts of thE EmP
understanding of the sensitivity and behavior of
environmental receptors in the project area, the
legislative controls that apply to the project and a review The EMP consists of the following:
of good industrial practices while operating in similar
environments. For residual impacts (impacts remaining Legislation and guidelines
after applying the recommended mitigation measures)
Organizational structure; roles and responsibilities
and for impacts in which there can be a level of
uncertainty in prediction at the EIA stage, monitoring Monitoring / Management plan
measures have been recommended to ascertain these
impacts during the course of the project. Environmental monitoring
For effective implementation and management of the Communication and documentation

mitigation measures an Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) has been prepared. The EMP satisfies the Change management Plan
requirement of the Pakistan Initial Environmental Training programme
Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment
Review Procedures, 2000.
8.3 lEgislation and guidElinEs
The EMP is a tool that serves as to manage environmental The EIA has discussed national and international
impacts and specifically focuses on implementation of legislation and guidelines that are relevant to the project.
mitigation measures in its true sense against likely FFBL will ensure that the project is conducted in
environmental impacts. conformance to FFBL corporate environmental policy,
national legislation and relevant international
8.1 PurPosE and objEctivEs conventions and that guidance is sought from national
of thE EmP and international guidelines. FFBL will also ensure that
its key project management staff and all its assigned
The primary objectives of the EMP are to:
contractors are aware of these legislation and guidelines
Achieve FFBL corporate health, safety and prior to the start of project activities. The details on
environmental (HSE) goals. national and international legislation and guidelines are
given in Chapter 2 of the report.
Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation
measures identified in the EIA. 8.4 organizational structurE
Define legislative requirements, guidelines and best and rEsPonsibilitiEs
industry practices that apply to the project. This section provides an organizational structure for
environmental management during the proposed
Define the responsibilities of the project proponent. project operation and defines the roles and responsibilities
Define a monitoring mechanism and identify of the various players for the duration of the project. The
proposed project includes the following four organizations:
Chapter 08 01
FFBL as the project proponent and owners of the Contractual Provisions

EMP; rest of three organizations include: Adherence to the requirements of the EIA and EMP in
terms of environmental mitigation will be required from
Design and project management consultant
all project contractors and suppliers and thus EMP will
(International & Local)
form part of their contracts with FFBL.
Project construction contractor(s) as executors of the
EMP during construction phase of the project. 8.5.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
Slaughterhouse operation & maintenance (O&M)
OPERATION
team as executor of the EMP during the operational Co-ordination with Stakeholders
phase of the project. FFBL will ensure that co-ordination required with the
project stakeholders on environmental and social
These organisations will have the following roles and
matters as required by the EMP is maintained through
responsibilities during the project.
out the operation.
8.5 rolEs and rEsPonsibilitiEs Environmental Management Systems
FFBL and the contractors will ensure that the mitigation
8.5.1 GENERAL measures mentioned in the EIA are adhered to and
Roles and Responsibilities of FFBL organisational HSE Management Systems are
implemented during the proposed project. The
As project proponents, FFBL will be responsible for contractors will abide by the relevant contractual
ensuring the implementation of the EMP. Slaughter provisions relating to the environment.
house manager of FFBL will be responsible for the
overall environmental performance of the project. FFBL Monitoring
will monitor the environmental performance of the FFBL and its contractors will ensure that the monitoring
project to ensure that the project is carried out in of the project activities is carried out according to the
accordance with governing legislation, FFBL corporate monitoring programme given in the EMP.
policies and recommendations of this EIA.
Emergency Procedures
Roles and responsibilities of Contractors FFBL and its contractor will prepare and maintain
FFBL will appoint construction contractor(s) for the contingency plans to deal with any emergency situation
construction and commissioning of the slaughterhouse that may arise during the operation e.g. fire, explosion,
including the auxiliary facilities. Similarly a slaughter evacuation and communicate these to the regulatory
house operations and maintenance (O&M) team will be agencies if required by these agencies. Emergency plans
appointed for operations of the slaughterhouse. O&M will be in accordance to FFBL internal procedures.
team will manage all the day to day operations of
slaughterhouse and will also have the custody of the Approvals
meat complex. This team will be responsible for The project contractors will be responsible for obtaining
implementation of, or adherence to, all provisions of the all relevant approvals from FFBL such as approvals for
EMP and with any environmental and other codes of waste contractors and others as specified in the
conduct required by FFBL. Overall responsibility for environmental management and monitoring plan.
environmental performance of the operation will rest Training
with the senior management. Site managers of the
contractors will be responsible for the effective FFBL and its contractors and suppliers will be
implementation of the EMP. responsible for the selection and training of their staff
who are capable of completing the project activities in
an environmentally safe manner. FFBL and its
8.5.2 PLANNING AND DESIGN OF THE contractors and suppliers will be responsible for
OPERATION providing introduction to their staff members on the
Design of the Operation EIA, the EMP and their implementation provided in the
EMP. The contractors will be responsible for providing
Design and operations of the proposed project have been
awareness training on potential environmental issues of
described in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. Following
the project to all personnel at site. In addition, trainings
approval of the EIA, if any aspect of the operations or
on emergency preparedness and implementation of
requirements of the EIA need to be changed, FFBL will
EMP will also be covered during the training
categorise that change in accordance with the Change
programme.
Management Plan provided in Section 8.10 of this EMP
and take appropriate measures thereon.
Chapter 08 02
Communication and Documentation The timing at which the mitigation or monitoring

For effective monitoring, management and documentation has to be carried out.
of the environmental performance during the operation,
FFBL will hold primary and overall responsibility for
environmental matters will be discussed during
ensuring full implementation of the EMP. The
meetings held on-site. Environmental concerns raised
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan has
during the meetings will be mitigated after discussions
been provided separate for construction and operations
between FFBL and the contractors. Any issues that
phase of the proposed project activities in Table 8-1 and
require attention of FFBL higher management will be
Table 8-2 respectively.
communicated to them for action. FFBL and its
contractors will ensure that the communication and
documentation requirements specified in the EMP are
fulfilled during the project.
Audits
FFBL and its contractor and sub-contractors will carry
out periodic audits/inspections of all project activities
regarding their effects on the surrounding environment.
The contractors will take account of any recommendations
relating to the operation arising during the monitoring,
with the prior consent of the proponent.
8.6 EnvironmEntal managEmEnt

and monitoring Plan
The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
(EMMP) will be used as a management and monitoring
tool for implementation of the mitigation measures
identified by the EIA. The purpose of monitoring is to
ensure that the impact is within the predicted limits and
to provide timely information if unacceptable impact is
taking place. The scope and frequency of the monitoring
depends on the residual impacts identified in Chapter 7
of the report. To address the mitigation measures and
monitoring requirements identified in EIA, a

management plan is developed. It ensures that the
project is designed, constructed, maintained and
implemented in the manner described in the EIA.
A detailed monitoring plan is discussed in following

tables. This table lists all the project components
impacts and their associated mitigation measures
identified in the EIA. For each component, the following
information is presented in the plan:
The required mitigation measures recommended in

EIA.
The person/organization directly responsible for

adhering to or executing the required mitigation
measures.
The person/organization responsible for ensuring

and monitoring adherence to mitigation measures.
The parameters which will be monitored to ensure

compliance with the mitigation measures.
Chapter 08 03
Table 8 1: Management and Monitoring Plan Construction Phase
Chapter 08 04
Chapter 08 05
CC = Construction Contractor, CDC = Civil Design Contractor , FFBL = Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited
Chapter 08 06
Table 8 2: Management and Monitoring Plan Operational Phase
Chapter 08 07
Chapter 08 08
Chapter 08 09
Chapter 08 10
FFBL = Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited

Chapter 08 11
8.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 8.7.2 EFFECTS MONITORING

AND REPORTING To monitor actual impacts of the project on selected
Environmental monitoring can be categorised into two sensitive receptors so that impacts not anticipated in the
types; 1) compliance monitoring and 2) effects monitoring. EIA or impacts which exceed the levels anticipated in
The environmental monitoring programme is summarised the EIA can be identified and appropriate mitigation
in Table 8-3. measures can be adopted in time. This objective will be
achieved through Effects Monitoring.
8.7.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING Considering the environmental conditions of the project
Compliance monitoring will be carried out to ensure area and the assessment of potential impacts of the
compliance with the requirements of the EIA. The project made in the EIA, the following monitoring
objectives of the EIA compliance monitoring will be to: programme will be undertaken:
Systematically observe the activities undertaken by Ambient Air Quality The monitoring will be
the contractors or any other person associated with carried out at key locations covering both
the project. environmental receptors and workers occupational
exposures.
Verify that the activities are undertaken in compliance
with the EIA and other conditions identified by Noise measurement of noise levels within the
FFBL. slaughterhouse and the surroundings (boundary)
will be carried out on a quarterly basis to ensure that
Document and communicate the observations to the the noise levels are within the standards stated in
concerned person(s) at FFBL so that any corrective the EIA.
measures, if required, can be taken in a timely manner.
Effluent - sampling and analysis of effluent
Maintain a record of all incidents of environmental discharge after wastewater treatment into inland or
significance and related actions and corrective municipality sewerage line.
measures.
Groundwater as a good environmental practice,
Compliance monitoring will be the responsibility of all groundwater monitor wells may be established
teams involved in the operation i.e. FFBL and the around to monitor any unlikely change in
contractors. FFBL staff and contractors will carry out the groundwater properties.
inspections on a routine basis. This will also include
routine monitoring of effluent and emissions and
operational parameters to ensure effective operations of
slaughterhouse and auxiliary systems.
TABLE 8 3: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
Chapter 08 12
community complaints received will be sent to the HSE

8.8 COMMUNICATION AND Manager for further action.
DOCUMENTATION
An effective mechanism for storing and communicating 8.8.3 CHANGE RECORD REGISTER
environmental information during the project is an All changes to the EMP or the project will be handled
essential requirement of an EMP. The key features of through the Change Management Plan provided in
such a mechanism are: Section 8.10 of the EMP. These changes will be registered
in a Change Record Register.
Precise recording and maintenance of all information
generated during the monitoring.
8.8.4 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
Communicating the information to a central location FFBL will maintain a photographic record of all areas to
Processing the information to produce periodic reports be used during the project. As a minimum the
photographic record will include the photographs of
Providing information and answering queries to project areas prior to and after activities (restoration).
stakeholders. FFBL will ensure that a photographic record including
the following is maintained.
8.8.1 MEETINGS AND REPORTS All areas used by the project activities; before use,
The following HSE meetings will take place during the during use and after restoration.
project:
Key non-compliances.
Kick-off meeting
Key project activities.
Daily meetings
Weekly meetings
8.8.5 AUDIT REPORTS
FFBL will keep a record of all audits and inspections
The purpose of the kick-off meeting will be to present commissioned or undertaken by the company to check
the environmental management plan to the senior staff conformance with the EMP.
of the project team, contractors and stakeholders and
discuss its implementation. 8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING
A daily meeting will be held to discuss the environmental Environmental training will help to ensure that the
conduct of the operation, non-compliances noted by the requirements of the EIA and EMP are clearly understood
field HSE Advisor, and their remedial measures. Minutes and followed by all project personnel throughout the
of the meeting will be recorded in the form of action project period.
tracking register.
Environmental training will form part of the
The purpose of the weekly HSE meeting will be to environmental management system. The training will be
review the weekly performance of the operation by directed towards all personnel for general environm
reviewing the number of non-conformances and the ental awareness.
environmental incidents that occurred during the week,
progress on daily action items, and to agree 8.9.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING
recommendations for additional controls, mitigation PROGRAMME
measures or monitoring requirements. The meeting will
be recorded in the form of a weekly HSE report. The key objective of training programme is to ensure
that the requirements of the EMP are clearly understood
Weekly and monthly HSE reports will be communicated and followed throughout the project. The trainings to
to the FFBL management and senior members of the the staff will help in communicating environmental
contractors. The report will include: related controls specified in the EIA and EMP.
Summary of weekly project activities.
8.9.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Non-compliances observed and mitigation FFBL Field HSE Representative and the contractors HSE
measures taken or required. Advisor will primarily be responsible for providing HSE
training to all project personnel on potential
8.8.2 SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER environmental issues of the project. Contractor will
The FFBL will maintain a register of complaints prepare a project specific training manual for this
regarding environment received from local communities purpose. Contractors on their part will be required to
and measures taken to mitigate these concerns. All provide induction training/ briefing to all their staff
Chapter 08 13
before the start of any activity in the project area. When a specified percentage of staff is newly
inducted in the project;
8.9.3 TRAINING LOG When any non-compliance is repeatedly reported,
A training log will be maintained by FFBL and contractors. refresher training will be provided regarding that
The training log will include; issue;
Topic When any incident/accident of minor or major
nature occurs;
Date, time and location
Arrival of new contractor / sub contractor;
Trainer
Start of any new process / activity.
Participants
8.9.4 TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT 8.9.5 TRAINING MATERIAL

FFBL HSE department and the contractors HSE Advisor
In addition to the training specified in the training log
will develop and prepare training material regarding
special/ additional trainings will be provided during the
HSE awareness, EIA, EMP and controls to be followed
operation phase of project activity. The criteria to assess
during the project. Separate training material will be
the need of training will be based on the following:
prepared for each topic. A generic scope of the training
which covers the requirements of the EIA and the EMP
is discussed below in Table 8-4.
TABLE 8 4: A GENERAL SCOPE OF TRAINING PROGRAM
Chapter 08 14
Second- Order Change

8.10 CHANGE MANAGEMENT A second-order change is one that entails project
PLAN activities not significantly different from those described
The EIA recognises that changes in the operations or the in the EIA, and which may result in project impacts
EMP may be required during the operation and whose overall magnitude would be similar to the
therefore a Change Management Plan has been provided assessment made in this report.
to manage such changes. The management of changes is
In case of such changes, the environmental impact of the
discussed under two separate headings, changes to the
activity will be reassessed,additional mitigation
EMP and changes to the Operation.
measures specified if necessary, and the changes
reported to the Sindh EPA.
8.10.1 CHANGES TO THE EMP
Third Order Change
The EIA and the EMP have been developed based on the
best possible information available at the time of the EIA A third-order change is one that is of little consequence
study. However, it is possible that during the to the EIA findings. This type of change does not result
construction and operation phase some aspects of the in impact levels exceeding those already assessed in the
EMP may need to be changed owing to their EIA; rather these may be made onsite to minimize the
non-applicability in a certain area of operation or the impact of an activity. The only action required in this
need for additional mitigation measures based on the case will be to record the change in the change record
findings of environmental monitoring during the register.
construction and operation phase. In such cases
following actions shall be taken.
A meeting will be held between FFBL and the

concerned contractor. During the meeting the
proposed deviation from the EMP, planning and
designing will be discussed and agreed upon by all
parties.
Based on the discussion during the meeting, a

change report will be produced collectively, which
will include the original EMP clause/plan or design,
the change that has been agreed upon, and the
reasons for the change.
The report will be signed by all the parties and will

be filed at the site office. A copy of the report will be
sent to FFBL and contractor head offices.
All relevant project personnel will be informed of

the change.
8.10.2 CHANGES TO THE OPERATION

The change management system recognises three orders
of changes.
First-Order Change
A first order change is one that leads to a significant
departure from the project described or the impacts
assessed in the EIA and consequently require a
reassessment of the environmental impacts associated
with the change. Examples of such change include
change in location of the proposed plant.
In such an instance, the environmental impacts of the

proposed change will be reassessed, and the results sent
to the Sindh EPA for approval.
Chapter 08 15
Chapter 09
Conclusion
09 - ConClusion
Pakistan has not been able to exploit its large livestock activities are undertaken as proposed and described in
population to become a major player in the international this report, and the recommended mitigation and
halal meat trade, as meat slaughtered in the traditional environmental management measures are adopted, the
abattoirs fails to meet international standards. project will not result in any long-term or significant
Considering potential and massive opportunities for impacts on the environment or local community.
Pakistan, to tap into and network with international
distributors, to cater the demand for Halal meat
globally. The project will encompass a modern
state-of-the-art halal meat slaughtering facility with the
objective of processing high quality meat, value added
products and by-products with special focus on
international markets. The project will provide ad
ditional income and gainful employment to the nearby
villagers and animal producers. It will also help to
encourage development of the ancillary industries
around the abattoir based on utilization of slaughter
house wastes such as offal (casings/surgical sutures/pet
foods), bones (bone meal), tertiary animal by-products
(like gelatin, gums used by the pharmaceutical, food and
cosmetic industry), meat meal/ hoof and horn meal etc
(animal feed industry), processed hide/pelt (leather
industry), gut-contents (manure for agricultural crops as
organic fertilizer and can be used for bio-gas generation
in near future) etc. The proposed project will help to
increase Pakistans export potential through meat and
value added quality meat products.
The proposed project will help towards achieving this

objective, however, it is required that potential
environmental effects due to the proposed project are
evaluated, mitigation measures required to minimize or
obviate these impacts be assessed, implemented and
monitored.
All these requirements have been addressed in this EIA,

which has in considerable length covered the following:
The proposed project activities;
Alternatives considered in finalizing the project

description;
Environmental conditions of the project area;
Legislative requirements related to the project;
Potential environmental effects of the proposed

project activities on the physical, natural and
socio-economic receptors;
Mitigation and monitoring measures that will help

in avoiding or minimizing these impacts.
On the basis of the above, the EIA concludes that if the
Chapter 09 01
Chapter 10
Reference
10 - RefeRences
1. Baseline Survey Report of Costal Areas Badin and 18. Khan, M. Z., Ghalib, S. A., Siddiqui, S., Yasmeen, G.,
Thatta Distict, Abbas, D., Farooq, R., Fatima, T. and Zehra, A. 2012.
Current status and distribution of the Reptiles of
2.. Climate Classification of Pakistan. Kazi, 1952. Sindh. Journal of Basic and Applied Science.
3. District Census Report Thatta District. 19. National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
4. EPA (1999), Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet for Water and Noise, 2011.
Sequencing Batch Reactors 20. Memon, S. H. and Bhatti, M. A. 2005. Important
5. Field Guide book large and medium sized Trees, shrubs and Herbs. Forest and Wildlife
mammals of Pakistan Department, Govt. of Sindh.
6. Government of Pakistan. 1997c. Guidelines for 21. Metrological data ( www.weatherunderground.com)

Preparation and Review of Environmental Report. 22. Roberts, T. J. 2005. Field Guide to the Small
Draft. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Mammals of Pakistan. Oxford University Press,
7. Government of Pakistan. 1997d. Policy and Karachi. 280pp
Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of 23. Roberts, T. J. 2005. Field Guide to the Medium and
Environmental Assessments. Pakistan Environmental Large Mammals of Pakistan. Oxford University
Protection Agency. Press, Karachi.
8. Government of Pakistan. 1860. The Pakistan Penal 24. Sindh Coastal Development Authority
Code
25. Sindh Coastal Development Project Government of
9. Government of Pakistan. 1949. Pakistan Petroleum Sindh Karachi.
(Production) Rules
26. Ying-Chih, C.; Li-Ling L.; Cheng-Nan C.; Allen C.
10. Government of Pakistan. 1975. The Antiquities Act Chao. (2007) Control of carbon and ammonium ratio
11. Government of Pakistan. 1997. Pakistan for simultaneous nitrification and gentrification in a
Environmental Protection Act sequencing batch bioreactor. International
Biodeterioration & Biodegradation.
12. Government of Pakistan. 1997a. Guidelines for
Public Consultation. Draft. Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency.
13. Health and Safety Guidance Notes for the Meat

Industry British Meat Processors Association
(BMPA).
14. IFC - Good Practice Note on Animal Welfare in

Livestock Operations, October, 2006.
15. European Commission-Integrated Pollution

Prevention and Control, Reference Document on
Best Available Techniques in the Slaughterhouses,
May 2005.
16. IUCN. 1997. Biodiversity Action plan for Pakistan.

First Draft. World Conservation Union.
17. IUCN. 1998. Model Provincial Wildlife (Protection,

Conservation and Management) Act. Draft. World
Conservation Union.
Chapter 10 01
Annexure
Annexure I
Project Team
Annex - I: Project teAm
Sr.No. Name Expertise Role and Responsibility
1. Ms. Tasneem Ilyas EIA Expert EIA Expert and Technical Review
2. Mr. Syed Faseeh EIA Expert Peer Review of EIA study
3. Ms. Ammara Naqvi EIA/HSE Expert, Project Description, Impact Assessment and Mitigation
Measures, Environmental Management Plan
4. Mr. Muhammad Athar Environmentalist Field Surveys, Collection of Environmental and

Socio-economic Baseline, Stakeholder Consultation.
5. Mr. Abdul Rehman Environmentalist Legal Framework, Project Alternatives
6. Mr. Rashid Maqbool Social expert Socio-economic Baseline
7. Mr. Aamir Aziz Environmentalist Ecological Baseline, Stakeholder Consultation.
8. Mr. Sajid Nazeer Environmentalist Field visits and Environmental Baseline
9. Mr. Nawab Abid Water and soil baseline Field visits and Environmental Baseline,
Stakeholder Consultation.
10. Mr. Mumtaz Hassan Water Pollution Expert Geology and Hydrogeology
Annexure I 01
Annexure II
Waste Water Treatment Plant

Description
Annex - II: WAste WAter treAtment PlAnt DescrIPtIon
A2. WAste WAter treAtment A2.1 PRIMARY TREATMENT

PlAnt a. Solids Separation by Means of Fine Screen
For the purposed project Sequential Batch Reactor has Stepped-bar screen is especially intended for the
been finalized for the treatment of waste water. The SBR removal of suspended liquid and solid materials from
processor that can effectively compete with conventional process and waste water. This fine screen is fitted with
activated sludge systems such as continuous stirred-tank moving and fixed stepped bar units which gradually
reactor is not considered in wastewater treatment until extract the captured solids from the liquid flow. It has
the improvements in aeration devices and controls in the following advantages
late 1950s and early 1960s. (EPA, 1999) Sequential batch
reactor systems have benefits to alternative conventional Self-cleaning
flow systems for the biological treatment of both domestic
Easy maintenance
and industrial wastewater. (Ying-Chih et al., 2007)
Compact fabrication
Dealing with slaughterhouses, and by using a Sequential
Batch Biological Reactor, it is observed that the working Grease and sand resistant
volume of the reactor is higher than in any conventional
process. This oversized design assumes shorter times of Fully automatic
operation which can be translated in less maintenance
costs and the possibility of working with higher loads of Manufactured in Stainless steel
waste. According to latest and most modern techniques Low maintenance costs
for waste water treatment, the batch biological reactors
are the only systems capable to achieve good quality b. Solids Separation by Means of Rotary Screen
output with no use of chemicals. It is necessary to install a self-cleaning rotary screen in
order to remove solid particles sized more than 0.5 mm.
The main advantages of this design are the following: The operation of the rotary screen is based on the
Minimal surface area required following principles:
Installation of only the strictly necessary single The mix of water and solids is pumped into the
modules container of the sieve.
Easy to use and operate There is a drum made of Johnson filter mesh inside
the container of the screen.
Lowest energy consumption and maintenance
This drum rotation is driven by an electric geared
Highest treatment capacity and contaminants motor.
elimination
Effluent passes through the filter mesh from the
Highest capacity to cope with an increase of loads outside to the inside.
or different flows and loads
Solids are retained in the mesh
Minimal production of sludge
The rotation of the mesh makes these solids being
No consumption of chemical products separated by an outer scraper.
Improvements in aeration devices and controls have Effluent without solids goes out from the lower part
allowed sequencing batch reactor to successfully of the sieve and is lead by gravity along a pipe into
compete with conventional activated sludge systems. a container.
Sequential batch reactors can achieve equalization,
primary clarification, biological treatment, and Separated solids are collected into a hopper after
secondary clarification in a single reactor. which they are sent by gravity to a container.
In order to avoid solids obstructing the screen, the

rotary screen is fitted with a cleaning system by
Annexure II 01
means of pressurized water spray by nozzles placed create turbulent streams that may hinder the process of
on the same axis of the drum. flotation. The layer of floated particles on the surface is
raked by a scraping system made of plastic material that
c. Aerated Homogenization
takes them out to a waste way.
Once coarse solids have been removed, it is
recommended to implement a homogenization process The D.A.F. unit will operate with a flow up to 50 m3/h,
previous to the treatment in order to achieve an optimal with a HRT over 30 minutes and a raising speed of
yield of the flotation unit. This will also avoid having particles below 2.5 m/h.
load peaks and bad odor coming from the waste water.
The homogenization is achieved by aeration by blower A2.2 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
and a diffusers grid placed on the floor of the tank. The
aims of performing this step of the process are the a. Biological Treatment Sequential Batch Reactor
following: (S.B.R.)
Water flow free of solids enters the biological reactor in
Water is homogenized in order to get uniform water which the process of oxidative biotic degradation will be
for the biological treatment. In addition, this will performed. The main reasons for choosing a biological
avoid having overloads and peak flows. water treatment type S.B.R. to treat waste water coming
from slaughterhouses are the following:
Water aeration reduces polluted load by means of
biological oxidation and brings forward the High capacity for flows and loads treatment
biological process. Moreover, this avoids getting fat
crusts or settling of solids in the buffer tank. Minimal sludge production
The high volume of this tank makes possible to Highest resistance to cope with specific loads
regulate the flow towards the SBR unit.
Highest operating flexibility
d. Fine Solids Separation by Means of Rotary
Screen This system guarantees the best separation of sludge
A self-cleaning rotary screen will be installed in order to and clean liquid
remove all solid particles bigger than 0,25 mm. This Highest guarantee of the quality of clean liquid
equipment will be placed in front of the flotation unit to
avoid obstruction. In addition, this process of screening The features of the S.B.R. unit are:
enhances further biological treatment as it reduces the
load of solids in the SBR. Sequential Batch Reactor (S.B.R.) consisting of two
biological reactors. The foreseen cycle for the
e. De-sanding-Degreasing (Flotation) by Means reactors is 23-24 hours.
of D.A.F. Unit
Effluent free of solids enters the flotation chamber. It is The unit will better work with low loads in order to
necessary to modify both the dimensions and the flow achieve high reduction of organic matter and
to get a more uniform flow so that heavy particles (sand) minimize the amount of biological sludge to be
are settled in the floor of the tank, from which they will purged.
be discharged periodically by a pneumatic valve.
Oxygenation will be performed by means of a set of
Grease and flocs flotation is performed by the injection internal rotary pistons blowers and membrane
of micro bubbles sized 30 micron that adhere to flocs and diffusers placed on the floor of the tank.
suspended solids floating them up to the surface.
Oxygenation is controlled by an oxygen control
The creation of these micro bubbles is performed by a probe + drive which may act on the blower
multi-stage pump that operates on a pressurization tank. operation in order to get only the necessary air. By
This tank takes both water and air creating a mix inside doing this, the consumption of the strongest motor
the tank and the pipe that leads it to the flotation unit. is optimized and problems resulting from an
Further pressurization generates a solution of air in excessive aeration will be avoided.
water that will act as a floater while it raises up to the
Agitation is done by two agitators especially
surface. This pressurization-saturation-depressurization
intended for waste water and active sludge in order
process is performed within a recirculation line using
to keep anoxic conditions in the cycle to achieve
part of the clean liquid from the plant. By means of this
nitrification - de-nitrification.
process we achieve a smaller bubble as long as we seek
to get a low-speed lifting of bubbles. The higher the Clean liquid discharge is performed after decanting
raising speed is the shorter the time for the bubbles to by means of a time valve that can be modified and a
reach the surface. This means a less efficient effect of floating surface skimmer (maximum clean liquid
suspension. Even more, a too high speed of the bubbles
Annexure II 02
guaranteed) composition is free of toxic elements. Assuming this, the

proposed dehydration system will be able to treat the
The extraction of the excess of sludge is performed sludge produced in the water flow and it will be also
from the bottom of the reactor using a pumping able to treat higher flows and bigger amounts of sludge.
system that also works as an anti-foam system
interlocked with the aeration blower. This system A2.4 CONTROL AND AUTOMATION
takes water from the reactor and distributes it in the
surface so that neither clean liquid nor anti-foam All the equipment of the WWTP is controlled from a
reagents are consumed. single electric control board. This control board is
provided with all the necessary elements for protection
The S.B.R. (Sequencing Batch Reactor) is an advanced and control of all equipment. The electric control board
system for waste water first developed at the beginning is fitted with an automate and operate panel so that it is
of the 70s by Irvine and Davis (Indiana, USA) and was possible to display the stage of the cycle in operation and
especially conceived for the elimination of biodegradable modify it according to the effluent to be treated. The
organic matter, solids and nutrients. biological reactor operates by cycles that can be modified
and consists of stages in which the process to perform
It is an aerobic biological process in suspended
can be established.
cultivation as part of the conventional process for active
sludge, but in this case it is performed sequentially in Each equipment may be operated in manual (direct
one tank in which the stages of filling, reaction, mode) and automatic mode. The automatic mode of
decanting and partial discharge are performed. All these each equipment is established on the basis of interlocking
stages are named cycle of operation. The main necessities and by the operating cycle selected in the
advantage of this system is the possibility of adapt the S.B.R. operation panel. The operation mode is aimed to
cycle of operation to the characteristics of the effluent get the highest operation flexibility especially created to
and discharge requirements. The reaction stage may meet the requirements of the WWTP.
combine both aerobic and anoxic stages. The decanting
stage is performed in absolute rest. Volume calculation
of the reaction tank is based on biological parameters
from the aeration stage, resulting in volumes and
parameters oversized for a conventional decanter. This
explains the shorter times necessary during the
clarification stage.
A2.3 SLUDGE TREATMENT CEN

TRIFUGE
There are two spots for sludge production:
Floated sludge in flotation unit: with a diary treated

flow of 800 m3/d, the operation of the unit may
generate up to 2% of sludge. In other words: 16 m3
of sludge with 2% dryness.
Excess of sludge in biological treatment: sludge

production in S.B.R. unit is very low (5.8 m3/day).
This sludge is lead to the buffer tank and floated in
the flotation unit. Therefore, sludge in S.B.R. will be
separated into the DAF Unit, together with fats and
suspended solids. Therefore, it will be necessary to
dehydrate a total amount of sludge per day of 21.8
m3 with a solids concentration of 15 Kg/m3. For this
reason, it has been foreseen the installation of a
sludge dehydration system by means of centrifuge
(decanter).
Floated sludge is lead to a reception and mixing tank in

order to undergo dehydration process by centrifuge:
By means of dehydration, 24% dry sludge is obtained.

This may be used as ground fertilizer or may be sent to
a dumping facility by an authorized operator as its
Annexure II 03
Annexure III
Surveyed Villages Profile of the

Project Area
Annex - iii: Surveyed villAgeS Profile of the Project AreA
Annexure III 01
Annexure III 02
Annexure IV
List of Peoples Met For Public

Consultation
annex - iv: liSt of PeoPleS met for Public conSultation
PRIMARY STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION LIST
SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION LIST
Annexure IV 01

Eia Report

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Eia Report

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Executive Summary

Figure ES 0.1: Project Location

i. The No Project Option

ii. Alternative Site Option and

iii. Technology option for wastewater treatment.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Defining legislative requirements, guidelines and

Defining mitigation/ monitoring plan required for

Defining roles and responsibilities of the project

Defining requirements for environmental monitoring

Defining the mechanism with which training will be

Environmental sensitivities and impacts, as well as the

A systematic approach to ensure that mitigation

An appropriate monitoring plan is device to

A training program is device to providing

1.1.2 PrOjECT PrOPOnEnT 01 Of 05

1.2 EIA COnSulTAnTS 01 Of 05

1.3 EIA rEquIrEMEnT 01 Of 05

1.4 EIA PrOCESS 01 Of 05

1.4.1 OvErvIEw Of EIA 01 Of 05

1.4.2 ObjECTIvE Of EIA 01 Of 05

1.4.3 SCOPE Of EIA 02 Of 05

1.4.4 SPATIAl SCOPE 02 Of 05

1.4.5 TEMPOrAl SCOPE 02 Of 05

1.5 EIA METHODOlOgy 02 Of 05

1.5.2 DATA COllECTIOn 02 Of 05

1.5.4 EvAluATIOn Of AlTErnATIvES 03 Of 05

1.5.5 IMPACT ASSESSMEnT AnD MITIgATIOn 03 Of 05

1.6 OrgAnIzATIOn Of THE rEPOrT 04 Of 05

1.7 COnTACT DETAIlS 04 Of 05

2.2 nATIOnAl POlICIES rElATED TO EnvIrOnMEnT 01 Of 19

2.2.1. nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnT POlICy, 2005 01 Of 19

2.2.2. nATIOnAl COnSErvATIOn STrATEgy 01 Of 19

2.2.3. nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl ACTIOn PlAn-SuPPOrT PrOgArMME

2.3 nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl lEgISlATIOn 02 Of 19

2.3.1. PAkISTAn EnvIrOnMEnTAl PrOTECTIOn ACT 1997 03 Of 19

2.3.2. PAkISTAn EnvIrOnMEnTAl PrOTECTIOn AgEnCy rEvIEw Of IEE

2.3.3. THE nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl quAlITy STAnDArDS (nEqS) 03 Of 19

2.3.4. SInDH wIlDlIfE PrOTECTIOn OrDInAnCE, 1972 (SwPO) AnD

2.3.5. SElf-MOnITOrIng & rEPOrTIng rulES 09 Of 19

2.3.6. AnTIquITIES ACT 1975 AnD THE SInDH CulTurAl HErITAgE

2.3.7. THE fOrEST ACT 1927 09 Of 19

2.3.8. lAnD ACquISITIOn ACT, 1894 09 Of 19

2.3.9. PAkISTAn PEnAl CODE (1860) 09 Of 19

2.3.10. PAkISTAn PrEvEnTIOn Of CruElTy TO AnIMAlS ACT, 1890 10 Of 19

2.3.11. SInDH rEgulATIOn AnD COnTrOl OrDInAnCE 10 Of 19

2.4 frAMEwOrk Of EnvIrOnMEnT AnD wIlDlIfE InSTITuTIOn In

2.5 nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl guIDElInES 11 Of 19

2.5.1. THE PAkISTAn EnvIrOnMEnTAl ASSESSMEnT PrOCEDurES, 1997 11 Of 19

2.5.2. Sub-SECTOrAl EnvIrOnMEnTAl guIDElInES AnD CHECklISTS

2.5.3. guIDElInES fOr PublIC COnSulTATIOn 11 Of 19

2.6 InTErnATIOnAl guIDElInES 11 Of 19

2.6.1. wOrlD bAnk guIDElInES On EnvIrOnMEnT 11 Of 19

2.6.2. EquATOr PrInCIPlES 15 Of 19

2.6.3. IfC PErfOrMAnCE STAnDArDS 15 Of 19

2.6.4. IfC EnvIrOnMEnTAl, HEAlTH & SAfETy guIDElInES 16 Of 19

2.6.5. EnvIrOnMEnTAl, HEAlTH AnD SAfETy guIDElInES fOr MEAT

2.7 InTErnATIOnAl COnvEnTIOnS & TrEATIES 16 Of 19

2.7.1. InTErnATIOnAl COnvEnTIOn On bIODIvErSITy 16 Of 19

2.7.2. THE COnvEnTIOn On COnSErvATIOn Of MIgrATOry SPECIES Of

2.7.3. THE COnvEnTIOn On wETlAnDS Of InTErnATIOnAl IMPOrTAnCE,

2.7.4. COnvEnTIOn On InTErnATIOnAl TrADE In EnDAngErED

2.7.5. InTErnATIOnAl unIOn fOr COnSErvATIOn Of nATurE AnD

2.8 InTErnATIOnAl AnD nATIOnAl EnvIrOnMEnT AnD COnSErvATIOn