Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Felipe Guerra
denes a metric over X , where {fn }nN are continuous functions that separate points.
Proof. The meaning of a family of functions that separate points is:
Let x, z , y X then:
i) Notice that, d (x, y) 0, for all x, y X , because each term of the series is no negative.
ii) If x = y . It's known that fn is a function that separate points, for all n N, thus
after i), each term of the series is no negative and the series converge to zero, which means
1
|f
2n n
(x) fn (y) | = 0 fn (x) = fn (y) , n N .
1
iii) The symmetry is done in view of the symmetry of absolute value, indeed
X 1 X 1
d (x, y) = n
|fn (x) fn (y) | = |fn (y) fn (x) | = d (y, x) .
n=1
2 n=1
2n
iv) Consider:
m
1
where when
X
Sn = |f (x) fn (z) | ,
n n
Sn d (x, z) , m + .
n=1
2
Then
m
X 1
Sn = |fn (x) fn (z) | ,
n=1
2n
m
X 1
= |fn (x) fn (y) + fn (y) fn (z) | ,
n=1
2n
m
X 1h i
n
|f n (x) f n (y) | + |f n (y) f n (z) | ,
n=1
2
m m
X 1 X 1
= n
|fn (x) fn (y) | + |fn (y) fn (z) | ,
n=1
2 n=1
2n
Exercise 3. Let (X, d) be a metric space such X is complete, precompact and sequentially
compact. Then X is compact.
Proof. Let {Oi }iI be an open set collection in (X, d) such cover X . Before proving the state-
ment we shall prove the following auxiliary result.
Claim 1: Exist > 0, such for all x X , exist i I where B (x, ) Oi .
2
After that, suppose X is precompact, then exists {y1 , ..., yn } such
n
[
X= B (yp , ) .
p=1
JE JF
? ?
00 00
E
-
F
3
If E is reexive, then JF = JE 1 , since , JE and 1 are surjective then
JF (F ) = F which implies F is reexive. As the same did as before, if F is reexive,
then JE = ( )1 JF , i.e., E is reexive.
First, suppose E is reexive and notice that weak and weak* topologies coincide, just because
h, f iE 00 ,E 0 = hf, yiE 0 ,E is fullled, i.e, in E 00 has a representative y on E . By the Banach-
Alaoglu theorem B E 0 = {f E 0 : kf k 1} is compact to the weak* topology, (E 0 , E),
furthermore B E 0 is compact to weak topology, (E 0 , E 00 ), since both coincide. By Kakutani
theorem E 0 is reexive.
Conversely, suppose E is reexive. By the previously proof E is reexive, notice that J (E)
0 00
is a sub space closed of E , J (E) is a Banach space reexive. Using the isomorphism isometric,
00