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•

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29 Bo. 1972.

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~ ~ "O.qa: ~ ;3: liI~l ·~T ~ ~ RE~, . '~Hll!OH

~' (Communal· Award) al. 8li ~ i'·r~ f.:\J,

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~ i!' fli!Qi6d ~31E"e1 ~ (const itutional affirmalian), fiiiiFii3'ili ~ ~ el ~ * R~ ~ ~ fit ~ ~ qTR Piffl fi ~ -m ~~, fiR" fcf ~ma.~ fiat, ~ nml ~. ~ foQI fur, ")'.mrli W"".JJ ~ b a ~ ~ ~ ~, N ~ ii:aT ifl ~ I l:fR8Wll OR frtI A3:~ iial ~, 3 ~ H3 1JEI1 3". ~ ~ ~ tf'I i iJl ~ mf HB! 1'"

31JiI (reasoning) ~n iJm! ~ '3 '~ ~. @ ~ lJ..'m3 au k'iJ ?i 98,lIt2 in ~ ~. chr1 ~ ~I ~ (reason) Qj ~ Tl r~ ftJ F ~. fa '~ ~' ~ <tLt!l~ (concrete) au f~. ~' ~ "Rfd1 m?I ~ 1R 3 I

~ imfp3 ffiI .~ ~i l{tlB'3 au fe'iI ~ sa~tnt('I 0 ;:p ~ ? altt~ (caw-a prima) fFI:f ~ ~ ~ 'ii ~ UTi afu ~ fJ', ~ ~ )<~. w~ rewrclil¥ 3* ~ l@"'a ~ ~ ~, w iJ1jdfiaa RJ.IlH ~ ~~ 2Y 1ft. ii Rl.fTft fa C'nRl ~ ~ Ra'i'l B ua ~-~ (summum genus) IF'C:\i a r rim ~ fa Eil; ftin mf'iTii ~~ (communities ), Q'R ~ H~ (species)~. lit' m4Mrj1't{T (coordinate species). ~, ~3 (inverse) ~ n a , fm1" fu M1WHl ~ 11 I ~~ ~ ~ VIi ';PfCf ,~e f~ 1i31J1at re~ J fa, Hac>tf~ tiI'o:'O"Tflfrn ~ 'RflEl.t, ~l3~~ ~ -'ftJTw?; ~ ~'~t ~ ~l ~ 7i 'de!. fuJ ~ .1iU"r ill ~Ptfi I

~~~ f~ f3?i ~ (peoples) fif'tA31?i fn ~i 7; ~ ~ R1i ii rn rJogf13t(i Ru ~-Ff:p (political sovereignty) H'?i'<! ~ ~-fRq ~1 ;;n;-,~, ~

• "Let the Brili .. h, before the)' quit, malr..e an award giving. 'he mu~lim5 their own bit of ceumry however small it might be. and they would live there. if nece sary on one meal a day:'

- noted by R. P. MI'(ani, in BriMm in India, Oxford. 1960 p. 2:1

3fWfl~3~~ ~~W ~el1e fa~itil lifsa ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.~ l)11Q1d:f3~ (postulate) (1)'1'5 til f~Q Rl, fq fJ~W37)tit ~ lft-H3r mJll-s:ri ~ ~ ~."i ail, l..fC fi:ii:fi ~ f2t" ?Wf ~ W R'a't!T I R'1lfl 3' ~ 'niT'3l-P ~1 '§'f?lt1'i!1 FeCit'A'&il ;gr f?i¥C. ~ ~ RWi=I 3 ~ tll-fT3' t" ~J. fliRr~3a, ~ 3 arT1R1 liuar ~~ ~ R'fu'diat, fw:r Oi3H -e Ii"'tl ~ iJO I tfiJI.f or:r;or, oro ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ fa

- . . -... - --

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[political right of sel f .. determination) ~ ~ ~

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el ~ ~ H3'T6 ~l ~ ~ rA"2' -e 3-'6 3, R"a' ~1i JRrll!l'R ~ tarn "2' ar;:ai'id ~ ~. r~ ~ fm ~ ~ ~ lJ'Ia'81- lfl iii ri~3'O r~ ~ aTIt fl?8Itr~ i!' OTi'IRl flt3";frM ~1 fi:IH~ ~8 cre1J 3i ~a 5" ~ ta ~ ~ ~~ fidlWiI RTd (Ji'i:ICfIt!1 'E1 ~ O. ~1 fWJr3'J ~ ~ 3' ~ r~t f.T?~ fEwfu~ ~ dlTtCllt'! ~~. l{itl' ~ ~ ~1 vi I MaTer;;;! r~ QltlttTtl ~ ~ .~ fRtrra vn, (II) Belt ~ ~ ~l t!1 ~1 ?i1'5 (ltIl "~, ~ (~) ~ ~U3 t!' ~ <Ji'?i e1 ~ ~1 "§I fJ'ij cjiii I fti'~R3rn fqa ~ aa?i ~ ~'e"l ~1f3', ftrt:f ~ 3' fc;t fitfza ~trc ~ fRO' '2~ ~fij' cr;i, ~ r~ rim t1 ~ r~ r~ ~H"c ~ 1Jf~ ift31 ~~ ~, d~. r~i i!;Ji fmIi3T i!'i' ~ ftT m, ' r.r..r all f<:anal' qa mRt R1 I ~ ~ ;l

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FAQi3iC ~ \Jl 5, ftll Er fq ~ aa ~ ;ut I

·H.G. RawHo*iiDn. The British A('hr~\I~m~l'fb in Im/io, London, p. 2~21.

A?; Ilt'o!l ebM fn m fesPtr ~ '@'J m 'R'H' ~ ~ -ai: &1t ~ ~lfa~ wn ~1 83 lRl ,~ di~eB' ~ fA RM& ftrU;P r~·r1J5 fatzq ~~ fn UR ~~. ~ t:1 Q.lr:r RH087i ~ t'i ~~ '" ~ r~. ~ retr fq:uT:-

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t? sq ~ titi- t}a8 Q"t'·fif3' n dGT , iIlf3 3l'i1r.

redlH;I -e rhi ~ Rf3'ill'a ...• t1 Jjq iRer W 3T r,j~R31'3~r -e W3'i l!If3' fea18'kj :e f.:f2i r~ foa3i ~H ::t, ~.ikl ~~ fm (hJt~t

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~o qtct~ ~lJ:r;iI rig, ~ frRf~, r~tr l!l drii'dnd~ilniB

..

f1iliI3;j a- yw. .,a .mr~ i! fira f~;is t" ~ ~ ~ rit

QR ?i ~ ~f ~ mrei fR, fro ~ l£iJR id3, fa1 ria' r~ 1ffiiur ~ tri!' ril ~ ~ ~ 'i"i'fli!. ril~arn 'el d.tM31 fJttH3'nll)fi~· R;S i', ~ iiI'G!"i I ~ t1rti1 ~1 ~ Q'R rm~ (q!l lrel, 'ICllt:) fill

.. ~ RUt, rif33T [il Bi!.3 ~ 1iill', ~. "iR fa' f@dJELif, ~ .,.pu tit. F!.'~ nal r~ ci, tEl iJ'1iIH:d' ~ ~ ~ 'i!1' ~ rial', f;:r.S1 ~))fRi Qli ali trn ftrni amr~ ~. ~'Q'ij~ a ~ fMJI '* RV2

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ms'tHosl ~ W. tiFf is ~ Bel ~iR UC!: ;Jqr if I"

mil iJfB r\!O ~, ~ rro ~ ~ t#t r'i'icUJ6 Ifgl ~ ~ i!1 ~~ ilfqfJg8 'i",o~~l)o(1 i! HW mi! r~.fu~ fu R'liO'~ ~ ljuleo'?i ~ At" fm alP.; -e1 UIH1 "3'CR air un, fa a;.i[tP ~ r~1(i (f§ C!'irn1 ~tJqTCI ~k nut ~ 3 1i m ifi2'r

-HtlMtlrd, XXV,. p. 709-54

~ Ilf3-~ Wm fe'R aTE ~ fffi:p ~, fa fuu l'Iff~ fJt?FI3'~J . ?; '1hR' W (?f:a-3 RH' fctU:JI fI I

~,~~ fiilIfeiaT, (I ~5-193G~ ~tll FJ1lfaTH ~

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w -

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. Cl'Q1 ~ arEl ft l"

F!7i '~:::J~ ~ ga13t1J, ff!ii ~~ trilP1. m. ~. i, ~ alb -a" f'e"ii ~ ~ r~ ~ Fll, The Lost Dominion. f~ YR30l ~ ~j t{f3 ~1 (argurnentum ad populum) r~ Rl fliT ~ cia- fje~ ~5 rPl=! ahi ~T l::i'RC! 'i'5'I ~, fatt1=l ~

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- 'If'" ""

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~d!u; -e .. .rtT vB ~ 1 f7S1Jr~ H~i8'i1 i'".Ct:!!M3 ?S' ~ I

. -

f.{o ett~7 ;2:i.l'fi2'O ~ ft&', ~l ~ ~'~

Sd3IhlP1fl' ~ r()~1l31'i'5 ~ al'H~r,;J '?l ~ ;fa fR'-ol'wi r:il:lt fr:lI ~ mrl, ~ ~ ~l r~ ~'. m:r ~ET~l ~~ ~

rat ~~IlI", ~ ~ f~ Rat RO: •• • •

"rd~A3Inl~ ~1 ~ r~ ~l aU3l, ~ t!1 3FlBi Rt3 ~ ff~ ~ ~ t:!1 r~ialLl3r ~

• Sec. U Rut?Hionai'". originally published 1111 T/H: Tiltu~!. London, on the 17Lh July, ] 1:19'1, 011 the occasion or QUI!'I!Il ViClori3i"~ Second Jubilee:

"Far-called our "'"IVIes melt au-av-

On dune and heaciland sinks the rireLo, all our pomp or yesterday,

Is nne with Nineveh and Tyre."

•• ~ 'In their prosperity will be our S Lreng.h, in their conrentmen~ our secun l]l and if] their gratitude cur OCSL reward."

~ ~ feC:NTO' !l J"t

~~ 9t~~ fut:! r~~l~ ii"HH' ~ lJ1"R iifcl7fl, f'i:JR ;:;,lWa1

f;j~ro1i}fT ~ ~ lj'qa €tYa (local self-government) 'C'il.~1l ;r8l~ ~ 1'l{fC'alt:! fij iIIe I ~o '1t~6 fif6, cJS rdeA3"tslw 1tf3 mtl3a tt1~~"j 1; rYa W'!1 RIltfI i1AC fe~~

- . ~

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ri1?i! i2' ~:trR f-a fu'~R3Ilil'l'ti ~ ~t :@1 ~ ~ ~ C1Itl l.!irQ

ffi ttl '3'" ;fg 3ia1 fmr<! t:r lltJlC ~ n'I WI=! !l' 'ER1l d I In: 1;: LI ~, 8i1I ~ !)o-to r;:i~I('i1. ru~ttA3i?i ~ i:l:i ~ 9'C1t '3 ilT31~1 -g I{f3fnrJi ~ [lLJ f~~, ailel fi!ii~ 5~ ~:J @,? ~ re~?i ~ CflillR ~l t'il~ itf.(l I

~

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• - I

~ feF! fn€.Q ~ ~l ~I I

fe~ill)f(5 *;J?iH ~ ~ '3"ltrr <:'"a'R0I' RH' H ,,~H~ r~"il ;j~ 3i ~ ~, ~~o 3l;1'aijl i?1 ~l r~, ljJmHt?; 9' i F.JlH8" R?i I arJiI1 ~ ret:! ~ ~ ?l9 ~l)).ti mai iiiJ1>1fT arelllfi il ~ '3" nm~ a<Jll')fi tP ffifEl W. mJ fil''i?~· ~~R' ~~ f~j r?ia'Aei Rl, ~ ':ltt· ffi'R'W ~i1 ~. fi"f~~"i?l il~H3 ~~ a"'H~ ~ fu(1 ~~1 fd~rol l..1'OBl~ ~ I'Hruerral iJo '5 ~f~~ 0, rtn=r il ~-ia f(if aiJ-farc31 ~ d'tr R''iJ \J~ I )JR~ ~1 PO.etJHl ~II iH3 a11::ffi §iii ~ rCil ~ZU2 5!ll r~ fi )}!~;j tJTiI ufaito"3'O:el 'G1<Jd81 au-a1:l1 !j~: fan' ~foct l1f3 ~-uaa

...

fa-ft (') ij~, ~~ ~ ~ f;;i\: ar,:r ~1 ~~all 1* FE"a f'ii"'e1d"~.

t "In their prosperity will be our strength, in their contentment our security and in their gratitude our best reward." : HiJTiiilit ~ ~13~. Ha 'tliirti! ftrclg~ ill re~ HHmiI~ Ql~ 'i1d"3l1 f~13'T;a rI!O Ffl. fiiil ftfi r"R i~ 111,11111 ;ij4!I, m~ ~ti!l lear t~. JJlri~ (ll';l j lIi .. ~ 'P" .,1 ~~Ti1 f~i 117i, H~ fba ~~I "i ~ij l!~ i'ihl 0 .. ~ ri4~: fi'i~, ia (qrofl ~i( 'Ai if~)

fEml)fO il:f7iH Q1ij1ffi ~l ,;;fRiarl Qwfcfeml 1 We mro ere'

",

~or * 'Elf at ~1.sC!ll){r ~~Hor arfel-f om 5cl~i, rrio! r~~

fa fACi~j ~re12:3 rii'lllfT u~p,.rrrca' ~ilRleR~, llfQ~t, R~i:f3 !}rDsl ~.:I g·Jl3 ijiJI Al, f;:r;r e R~"2al tpfcr :EFPJi3l3 IjAf8H ~, R'a ~r~ bff~~ ~ I

FJa' rflif~ "",,"riJH~ \:1 HtJI(Ii' Hl:fnlt){3, {tot t!r ~R ~at31 ffio

'i'fa:r_ ~ fER FrRW ~ m-I, fE"J fBtI &(j'- an fa ljR5H'fnl B'1 fEOTE'T '0 3f ril~ ?i"ff ~ .. ~ 'JGf fil nB nr '11 ~R tt' ~~trP I ~ ~1 j'~1 3' 3lQa fiffi1 a~~ fE301 ~1 Rl fCl t1~' ~111 ~i1 IfaIT1.l3 a~ '31 reH' ~ lIae ~. u72'-fdT~31 fGaf.~1"Il ~l ~ ~t.ij~, rae- ~ Ra'lftl3 ?iT 'ora r'E'3l i11'1i I

- .

liHl®"iIi'H l1ot~'C:I~ ~ ~Fm'1 3I3'Urn:r "B'l feil 3RcfI W Rl

~ ~ ~ ~ar 3'1 3[ 'Ul ilfci'Jff N~! fa r~"gJl~ ~B7i'a a;ratR

feu ~ ~ r~ ~1!f 0711

fiillJfo tF.l~ qrafR ~ ~~rllii Rl-fIdTHI f'i'i3 liR'5HTO

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~ ~, f~ ~ mit ~3U(Ii tif~', Hill! ~13'1 f~tJ tt, f~ r~ trRm-I wfEI31 ~ ~q war trtrs1 3' rnmtl Rr}{OTtWlii ttl UBI oi81 frErl, ~l I-ffir~31 fti'~ ~ -.tii ij ~a '3 ~qlH'O rHWr~ ~ mal it f~ ffif9' a feR ()1'5 U~ Rfvq qaO e1 ~trrE fuM

...

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*··Accordingl~'. the kadin,g noble (Sheikh Farid) having be.en ~~nl,. by the others as their rcpresentarlvc, earrte 10 the pnnc-c.(Sar~m) and promised in their names to place the King~ .1nm In his hands, providc'll that he would $WC:JiJr to defend the taw of Mohamct,'·-nu Jarric, Father Pierre, Akba» ami the Jesuits, London, 1626, p. 204.

Jllaklubm. I. 1\"0. 81. p. 1 06.-rLcH~r written 10 Jaliangir QLlllkhan. alias L~II. BI,;~ of 4000 military rank). Urdll.op. cit.

tlbM. .. No. 193. (LcUL'r written to Murtzn Khan). Urdu, 01'. cit. d ._c,.! d:.JJ~~ ~J.J,..CJ,_ ,dJ) LoS';! 04u t « -Il}/.!I ~ )4J',J .u...Ij ,~ . l"o.;.;c:,si~rI.l1 outbursts of bigotry on the part of Jehangir and his anll-lIlfldu senttments rna}' ultimately be traced LO the inl'Iuence of l\f~ljaddid 1.)1) the fickle minded emperor:'

~ Dr, Ml)hd. "asin :tl.LA.~ Ph.~ D., A SOcial Jlis{ary of Iridin, Lucknow, 1958. p. l71.

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1"(SYt:d Ahmed Brelvi ) Jihad ,,"'as directed originally against the Sjk~lS 1111 the tmdition of Indian Islam .... R.ercrenc~s to the Briti h rule In India in Brclvi's lettere to the rulers of Bokhara and A r,gha nistan u nd the ~l\'italjon to them to re-esrabllsh Islamic rule in lnuiu nrc 01 secondary imporlance .. ,. but the primary objective eXpJOlincd in them is still the Jihad against the Sikh tyranny." --A~iz Ahmed. Is/omit- Culwrl! in the hu./ian EtJl'lr()nmrfU. O. ford, I 96.J!, p. 2l S.

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I Quoted in R. C. Majurndars, Three PfrUH!$ of Indio's

Slfugglt· {or Freedom, Bharuya Vidya Bh 'van. Bombay, 1960. p.20.

II '"The retigious Order or Islam is organically related [0 the social Order ~'hich it I13S created. The rejection of the one will eventually involve the rejection of the other. Therefore, the conslruction or a polity on Indian national lines, if it means a Lli ~ lacernent of the Indian Islamic principle or ${,lidariLy, is simply umhinkeble to a Muslim."

:I "For tilt; selling up of sovereign Muslim str res in the North-

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I "The policy of His Majesty's Government, "'i rh \\'hich the (}o\"cmment oflDdia are ia complete accord, is lhar. or Incn:asing IssOCiation or lndia[]s in every branch of (he adrninislralio!1 and (be gradual development of sdf-governing institutions \\'ilh a view to the progressjve realiu.tion of responsible GOYernment in India a~ 11'1 ipt~grll part of the Brit's~ ~mpjre:'

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3 cij H;rtf il' «fJ~ scrr, .. ~ a,;;sl ~~T af5 ~131 5" (yo u have

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B(! ~ ijj~Gl HI ljrl8"J.lI(ir :'l1l'lir H~r~C!lli1r B\3'2 un , lIc tl r~3 c?zl

fFltji '2' R3'l~N':; Bl~J ~eT l" (H is difficult to understan ~ th.: po .ition or lh .... Sj'kh'i by logic or ju lice. They claim the right or a separate nation bln1 nrc dctermiud to do down the Mu~Hm\j at the insriguticn or Hindus, All, the Sikh leadership I) A' 3 Raeia ij'd'"3r:a rAw s~l, f,-[tJ3 r~ :ij31ffi;; -aFcn=rcij Ri:i1 t.fij ~z: ara l!al lllIra (lT~ ~, ~A' iiii~ tl8R f~Q~ ~~o )rfl"if I

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a~ l:!3 ;l'3' hfr~l~T I" (YOllng Hum, sentiment ami crnouon

are nor the same thing :.IS political insight. Consider my

,

remarks dispassicnatcly and if you call 1.10 something do rr.

When you STOW mature, }OU will mark my words.]

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rnystiq ue ) f~ ft:'\J fE'Cl rnRJo~ l){,:j;j H;JTt:!oRl -el R3q fS-ij'ijO'(lT a~ ).('fOltff trt;!J 3 I

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~~ ijjfti~ f.U/ () Jiwtl1 '3 ij'TIRl }~f8l:lfT utij fEV r~n al3f f::Il ftl ~ 15 ~Rg feiH~oJ:il ;'} J~. R"'aI3 TH-f31 niH ?)rt"i5 We I i~ {Athens) ;5 Rr~al {fI?)I(')hlT ~1, tl ~ ~ ~~r6H IDC3'-:j (modern democracy) ~ N(5J1-~13' 3 f()ijl-f'~ ?a3r un, r~d aT~- 0131 :3 H3 Rl, ftlV-J zn {iFf airse r~UI 'ill ?i r~n ~13t I lHotq (Aristotle) ~ ~{f() 5, "eQa rrTI~ 4Qlj~ rtm~ fe( rEcta fed'5 <.1~· iiac ifu 0: t;]G! rtl:Ol - ~~il l1Ql~l()f Ug- ocr fll~li il Hd -1 Uo,

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