STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM
Structural Functionalism sees society as a
complex system whose parts work together to
promote solidarity and stability.
Talcott Parsons developed structural
functionalism.
Social Structure stable pattern of social behavior
Social Functions consequences of social pattern
Manifest Function recognized and intended
consequences
Latent Functions unrecognized and unintended
consequences.
Social Dysfunction social pattern that may
disrupt the operation of the society
INSTITUTIONALISM
Institutional Approach can be understood as a:
Subject Matter study of political institutions
central to the identity of the discipline in the social
sciences
Method;
Descriptive employs techniques of the
historians
Inductive inferences are drawn from
repeated observations
Formal studies formal organizations
Legal includes the study of law
Comparative studying two or more
institutions
Comparative and Historical general
clarifications may be obtained
Theory - does not only make statements about the
causes and consequences of institutions
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM APPROACH
Human Environment System Approach
interaction between human systems and
environmental and technological systems.
CHANS Coupled Human And Natural System
acknowledges that humans are not external but
integral part of the human environment system.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
Psychoanalysis method of explaining and
treating mental and emotional problems
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis
3 Levels of Consciousness
1. Conscious MInd bulk of important the
important workings of the mind lurk
2. Preconscious Mind were once conscious
and can be returned to consciousness when
needed
3. Unconscious Mind it stores primitive and
instinctual motives, memories and emotion
Id - composed of two sets of instincts life and
death instincts pleasure principle
Ego reality principle helps id to fulfill its
needs
Superego opposes the desires of the id by
imposing moral restrictions conscience
Parents main agent of society in developing
superego
HEMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY
Hermeneutic Phenomenology art and
science of interpretation
Martin Heidegger developed hermeneutic
phenomenology
Descriptive Phenomenology
communicating lived experiences through
description
Edmund Husserl developed descriptive
phenomenology
4 Common Features
1. Description aim of phenomenology
 2. Reduction involves suspending or Filipinos, and Noli Me Tangere are among his
bracketing works.
3. Essences core meaning of an individuals Apolinario Mabini Great Plebian, a defender of
experiences Philippine Independence
4. Intentionality always conscious to Isabelo Delos Reyes founded and the editor and
something publisher of the first vernacular newspaper in the
MARXISM Philippines El Ilocano
Karl Marx German philosopher, historian and Claro M. Recto Living legend in his lifetime,
economist who developed Marxism famous Filipino Nationalist
Social Conflict struggle between segments Institute Of Philippine Cultures Study On
of society over resources Philippine Values
Class Conflict/Struggle conflict between Themes Values
entire classes over the distribution of societys Pakikisama
wealth and power. Smooth Interpersonal Euphimism
4 Ways where Capitalism Alienates Workers Relations Use of go Between
1. Act of working Social Sanction Hiya or Shame
2. Products of work Amor Propio or self-
3. From other workers esteem
4. Human potential Aims and goals Social Acceptance
Economic Security
FEMINIST THEORY/FEMINISM Social Mobility
Feminism aimed to enhance womens power and Reciprocity Contractual
status Quasi-contractual
Predominant Strands of Feminism Debt of Gratitude
1. Liberal Feminism followed existing liberal Values standards in making decisions
thought and its logic Culture a complex whole that is acquired by
2. Marxist Feminism built on the tenets of members of society
Marxism
3. Radical Feminism identifying sex war as INDIGENOUS SOCIAL SCIENCES
the most basic political struggle Sikolohiyang Pilipino studies the development of
FILIPINO SOCIAL THINKERS an indigenous Filipino Psychology
Social Thinker individual in the society who can Virgilio G. Enriquez Father of Sikilohiyang Pilipino
be regarded as forefronts and visionaries toward Topics on Sikolohiyang Pilipino
the improvement of society 1. Identity and national consciousness
Jose Rizal Filipino National Hero, can be 2. Social awareness and involvement
considered as one of the greatest Filipino social 3. National and ethnic and languages,
thinker. Wrote several pieces, To the Young including the study of traditional psychology
Women of Malolos, The Indolence of the
 4. Bases and application of indigenous Application and Intersections of the
psychology in health practice, art, mass Approaches in Addressing Social Problems
media, religion and others Social Problem social conditions that different
Pilipinolohiya study of the world of Filipinos, of sectors of society consider as damaging to its
being Filipino, and the different ways of being a member
Filipino
-systematic study of Filipino psyche, Multidiscplinary Approach in Addressing Social
society, and culture Problem
Pantayong Pananaw A-From-Us-For-Us Social Problem Multidisciplinary Approach
Perspective, most theoretically advanced and Poverty Economic, Historical,
productive in terms of research output Sociological, Anthropological,
Dr. Zeus Salazar Father of the Pantayong and Political
Pananaw Unemployment Economic, Historical,
Sociological, and Political
PROFESSIONS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Disasters Economic, Historical,
Economists try to explain Who gets what and Sociological, Psychological,
why Geographical,
Anthropologists study culture in the past and Anthropological, and Political
present time
Methods used by Anthropologists
1. Direct observation
2. Indirect observation Aral well! God Bless!
3. Participant observation
Historians study past human events
Political Scientists study the different forms and
processes of government
Psychologists study how human mind works
Sociologists study peoples behavior in groups
rather that in individuals
Geographers study the interaction between
people and their environments
Themes in Geography
1. Location
2. Place
3. Human-environment interaction
4. Movement
5. Regions