GMO Summit

December 2017
 GMO Team Tables
Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4

Andrew K Sam Edward Tochi

Leon Eric Kim Jack
Poppy Carla Xenia Margot
Charlotte Josepha Francis Avouka
Nicolai Carl Fredrik Michael
Iril Karoline Rikke Nadin
Eline Jakob Iselin

Team 5 Team 6 Team 7 Team 8 Team 9

Daniel Philip Andrew P Javier Joan
Casper Frank Pedro SK Euan
Eliza Amy Katherine Elena Glory
Shannon Estelle Calina Songyon Abby
Ulrik Herman Marius Christian Eskil
Hanna Helena Lilja Samira Kari
Lina Killian Sergio
 Objectives of the Day
Understand the principles behind genetic
modification of food.
Have an informed balance overview on GMO.
Formulate personal opinion on the subject.
Have FUN
Early Beginnings
Selective Breeding
Artificial Propagation - Grafting
 Genetically Modified Organisms
Crops and Foods that have undergone modification in
their DNA are referred to as genetically modified
organisms.
Genetic modification involves modification of an
organisms DNA in order to achieve a desired trait or the
insertion of DNA from one organism into another.

A strawberry
+ = resistant to
frost
Arctic fish DNA strawberry
 Genetic Modification
Cisgenic

Transgenic
 Steps in Genetic Modification
1. DNA extraction
selected gene is extracted from organism.
2. Gene cloning
the gene is cloned thousands of times so that it can be
successfully inserted into cells.
3. Gene design
this is done by placing inside a different organism.
4. Transformation
this is where a new gene is delivered into the nucleus of a
plant cell and inserts into a chromosome.
also means to genetically change a living organism by
delivering the desired DNA into the nucleus of plant cells.
3 methods of delivering DNA into the nucleus of plant cells:
injection, gene guns, and agrobacterium.
 GENE Gun
A - Particles coated in
DNA

B - Particles fired at
plant by "biolistic"
gun

C - New DNA enters

cell, new gene is built
into chromosome
 Agrobacterium
A - Desired gene
isolated and placed
into DNA section called
a plasmid
B - Plasmid transferred
into bacterium
C - Bacterium infects
plant cells, transferring
desired gene into
chromosome
 Backcross breeding
the gene is
crossbred with
non-modified
plants, making a
new line of
plants
 Testing and Monitoring
scientists check
to see if the
inserted genes
work, and
monitor the
future offspring
of the plants.
 Why Genetic Modification?

Reduce the need for

pesticides.
Make plants herbicide
resistant.
Improve look and taste
Increase nutritional value
Help alleviate world hunger
 GM Barley

Mavthorpe Golden
Promise
The Flavr SavrTM Tomato
 Types of GM Crops
Agricultural Consumer Non-Food
 GM Crops
The 1st Generation GM
crops are designed to
resist what scientists call
biotic stress
(Pests and Weeds)
 Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Corn
Bt corn corn that contains a chemical normally found in a soil bacterium
(Bacillus thuringiensis) that is toxic to insects but not to humans.
 GM Crops
The 2nd Generation crops
under development, will
focus on
Abiotic stress
(non-biological factors such
as drought and floods, heat
and cold, salinity and
acidity)
 GM Crops reaching the US tables
Products
Derived Products
Corn
Corn syrup
Canola
Tofu
Potatoes
Canned foods
Tomatoes
Soya sauce
Squash
Animals that feed
Soybeans
on GMOs
Flax
.
Cottonseed oil
AND MORE
Sugarbeets
Details can be found at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/food-aliment/mh-dm/ofb-bba/nfi-
ani/e_novel_foods_and_ingredient.html
2011 data show that there are 160 million hectares
of planted GM crops.
Global Producers
 GM Position
What is you view on GMOs?
Do you agree with the science behind GMO
and their future in our food chain.
Are we messing with nature?
Will the future impacts be positive or
negative down the line?