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Temperature limits:
The temperature limits specified in the quick
guide and in the respective product sheets
relate to the max. temperature of the stuffing
box packing during operation. Take into
account frictional heating, cooling, radiation
losses etc. when assessing temperature.
The classic braiding method. Each strand passes over and under strands continuously in
Medium: the opposite direction. Packings braided according to this method are very well suited for
rapid rotations and reciprocating movements.
Aggressiveness, pH, any solid particle
content, boiling point, solidification point,
viscosity and concentration are examples Cover-on-cover-braiding
of factors which may affect the choice of
packing.
Type of movement:
Rotating:
Braided packings are recommended.
Helical:
Braided packings are recommended.
Reciprocating valve stems:
Die-moulded graphite rings in combination
with a carbon fibre braided packing are
preferable.
Reciprocating piston pumps:
The packing is built up to the required dimensions by braiding several covers over a core of
Braided packings are recommended.
braided, twisted or homogeneous material. It is then calendered to create a square section.
Surface speed:
Observe the limits of the various stuffing Diagonal braiding:
box packings in terms of surface speed.
Pressure:
The pressure of the medium against the
stuffing box packing affects the choice of
quality. See the relevant product pages.
in any do
Q U I C K G U I D E o n c h o o s i n g t h e s t u f fi n g b o x p a c k i n g
Grafoil rings Die-moulded Pumps, valves and agitators. -200C to +2500C in 25 m/s 700 bar 0-14
expanded graphite. For most media such as gases, acids, non-oxidising atmosphere. depending on
alkalis, petrochemical products etc. Max. + 550C in air. application.
Garlock 9000 EVSP Die-moulded Valve packing set suitable for most Max. +650C in steam. - 700 bar 0-14
and Garlock 9001 expanded graphite/ media such as gases, acids, alkalis, Max. +450C in oxidising depending on
QuickSet carbon fibre. Profiled petrochemical products etc. atmosphere. application.
rings.
Specmaseal Die-moulded Valve packing set suitable for most Max. +650C in steam. - 700 bar 0-14
expanded graphite/ media such as gases, acids, alkalis, Max. +450C in oxidising depending on
carbon fibre. petrochemical products etc. atmosphere. application.
Garlock 98 Carbon fibre Pumps, valves and agitators. Max. +650C in steam. 20 m/s 35 bar 0-14
impregnated with a For virtually all media with the Max. +450C in oxidising in pumps.
special lubricant. exception of liquid oxygen and other atmosphere. 170 bar
strongly oxidising substances. in valves.
Carboflon 350 Carbon fibre Pumps, valves and agitators. Hot -100C to +650C. 25 m/s 60 bar 0-14
impregnated with and cold water, pulp, acids, alkalis, in pumps.
PTFE. Interlock- oils, petroleum products etc. Not 200 bar
braided. oleum, oxygen, fuming nitric acid or in valves.
bichromates.
Specma 101 Carbon fibre Pumps, valves and agitators. Hot -240C to +350C. 20 m/s 25 bar 0-14
impregnated with and cold water, chemicals, alcohol, in pumps.
graphite and corrosion solvents etc. Not liquid oxygen or 300 bar
inhibitor. other strongly oxidising substances. in valves.
Grafex 100 Expanded graphite. Pumps, valves and agitators. For -200C to + 2500C. 30 m/s 30 bar 0-14
Square braided. practically all media, but not for Max. +650C in steam. in pumps.
strongly oxidising substances such as 300 bar
conc. sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Max. +450C in oxidising
atmosphere. in valves.
Chempac 2003 Gore GFO fibre. Pumps, valves and agitators. Very -200C to +280C. 25 m/s 50 bar 0-14
Interlock-braided. aggressive media such as acids, alkalis in pumps.
and petroleum products in e.g. the 250 bar
petrochemical industry. in valves.
Specma 99 Graphite-filled Pumps, valves and agitators. Very -240C to +260C. 20 m/s 35 bar 0-14
expanded PTFE. aggressive media such as acids, alkalis in pumps.
Interlock-braided. and petroleum products in e.g. the 200 bar
petrochemical industry. in valves.
35
SPECMA SEALS HANDBOOK
S T U F F I N G B OX PA C K I N G S
Chempac 2006 PTFE fibre without Pumps, valves and agitators. Very -200C to +280C. 5 m/s 50 bar 0-14
Hard lubricant. Interlock- aggressive media such as acids, alkalis, in pumps.
braided. petroleum products, foods, oxygen, 400 bar
liquid oxygen, ozone etc. BAM- in valves.
approved.
Chempac 2006 PTFE fibre with Pumps, valves and agitators. Very -200C to +280C. 8 m/s 50 bar 0-14
Soft FDA lubricant. Interlock- aggressive media such as acids, alkalis, in pumps.
braided. petroleum products and foods. FDA- 100 bar
approved. in valves.
Bluepack PTFE-impregnated Pumps, valves and agitators -100C to +260C. 20 m/s 25 bar 0-12
polyimide fibre. for acids, petroleum products, in pumps.
Diagonal-braided. solvents, water etc. Very suitable for 200 bar
abrasive media such as in valves.
thick pulp pumps etc.
Chempac 2002 Graphite-filled Pumps, valves and agitators. -100C to +280C. 20 m/s 70 bar 3-12
expanded PTFE with For most media such as acids, alkalis, in pumps.
twisted aramid fibre in petroleum products. Excellent for 360 bar
the corners. Interlock- worn boxes. in valves.
braided.
WearPac Specially impregnated Pumps, valves and agitators handling -100C to +260C. 15 m/s 25 bar 1-13
interlock-braided abrasive media. Broad range of in pumps.
packing of polye- media. Universal packing in industries 100 bar
thylene fibre with requiring white stuffing box packings. in valves.
ultra-high molecular
weight.
Chempac 1404 PTFE-impregnated Pumps, valves and agitators. Hot and -100C to +250C. 15 m/s 50 bar 2-12
White acrylic fibre. Interlock- cold water, paper, sugar etc. Designed in pumps.
braided. for the paper, food and brewing 100 bar
industries. in valves.
Specma 2027 Graphited glass fibre. Primarily a static seal Max. +550C. - 150 bar 4-11
Square braided. or flue gases, hot air and Max. +200C in steam.
superheated air.
For use in covers, doors and flanges.
The packing can also be used in
valves.
36
SPECMA SEALS HANDBOOK
S T U F F I N G B OX PA C K I N G S
Function principle for various A direct consequence of the distribution Different stuffing box
stuffing box types: of the contact pressure over the length of arrangements:
A stuffing box normally consists of two to the stuffing box is that wear on the shaft is
Stuffing box without barrier fluid:
six stuffing box packing rings (we normally greatest at the gland (at A in Figure 2). If
The pump medium forms a fluid film and
recommend 4-6 rings) which are com- wear occurs at B, this is because abrasive
must be clean in order to keep wear to a
pressed between an axially displaceable particles from the fluid penetrate into the
reasonable level. This version, Figure 4, is
gland and a bottom ring, Figure 1. Hence stuffing box.
able to withstand only moderate temper-
the packing rings attempt to expand radially The size of the leak is dependent on the atures as heat transfer takes place only
and will exert a radial pressure (contact contact pressure, which in turn is regulated through the leakage flow. This can be com-
pressure) on the shaft. Friction from the with the axial gland load. There must always pensated to an extent by using a stuffing
surrounding housing and the plasticity of be leakage so as to dissipate frictional heat box packing with good thermal conductivity.
the material mean that the contact pressure and prevent vaporisation of the fluid. The There is a risk of air suction at low intake
is greatest at the gland and decreases magnitude of the leak for correctly function- pressures and negative pressure.
towards the bottom ring. ing and adjusted stuffing boxes is 1-10 cm3
per minute, i.e. from a few drops per minute
to approx. 1 drop per second.
Contact pressure
on shaft For a stuffing box with a lantern ring, the
pressure distribution is slightly different, see
Figure 3. The lantern should be added in
the middle of the box. When there are five
rings and a lantern ring, the ring should be
positioned with two rings inside and three
Bottom ring Gland rings outside so as to prevent the lantern Figure 4. Stuffing box without barrier fluid.
ring moving too far axially when tightening
Packing rings the gland and so running the risk of blocking Stuffing box with the pump medium
the supply of fluid.
as barrier fluid:
The pump medium must be clean here,
Figure 1. Stuffing box with pressure distribution, not too. The barrier fluid line is taken out from
taking into account fluid pressure. a point where the pressure is higher than in
Contact
pressure the box, thereby eliminating the risk of air
Fluid under pressure will penetrate between on shaft suction through the stuffing box.
the packings and the shaft and form small
pockets of fluid. There are then two different Stuffing box with separate barrier fluid:
Fluid Atmosphere
pressures to take into account, namely the side side This version, Figure 5, is required for con-
fluid pressure in the pockets themselves taminated, hot and hazardous media. The
and the contact pressure between the sealing fluid must be selected with regard to
pockets. For a stuffing box loaded with fluid the pumped medium and should maintain a
pressure, the contact pressure changes as pressure which exceeds the pressure in the
shown in Figure 2. The fluid pressure falls Lantern ring with barrier fluid sealing location by 1-1.5 bar. The amount of
through the stuffing box down to atmospher- sealing fluid leaking into the pump medium
ic pressure at the gland. Figure 3. Pressure drop curve for a stuffing box with a is dependent on factors such as the shaft's
lantern ring. rigidity and roundness and is normally of the
Without load from
fluid pressure order of just a fraction of a litre per minute.
Depending on the position and function of
the lantern ring, there are sometimes differ-
Contact pressure
With load from ent designations for this ring, e.g. fluid seal
fluid pressure ring or barrier water ring.
on shaft
Fluid Atmosphere
side side
B A
The best function is achieved with a flushed Stuffing box with cooling: A flow control unit as shown in Figure 9 allows
stuffing box with barrier fluid intake and dis- At fluid temperatures above 80-120C, de- you to control:
charge, Figure 6. In this case, the barrier fluid pending on packing material, type of media leakage into the process
acts as both a barrier fluid and a coolant. etc., cooling of the stuffing box should be
implemented. Cooling outside the stuffing fluid volume
box packing rings conducts heat poorly and fluid pressure
has a modest effect. Therefore, at higher
temperatures the cooling chamber should check the function of
extend inside the stuffing box packing rings, mechanical shaft seals
Figure 8. At fluid temperatures above 130- fluid loss (alarm)
140C, cooling of the gland should also be
implemented. An arrangement of this type A modular system allows
reduces steam leakage and prevents the the unit to be adapted Figure 9.
transfer of heat through the shaft to the front readily to a type of box Flow control unit
bearing. or seal.
I N S T A L L A T I O N I N S T R U C T I O N S s t u f fi n g b o x p a c k i n g s f o r p u m p s a n d v a l v e s
4. Running in packings: The box must never run dry due to the risk In some cases, too great a leakage may
Check that cooling water and any barrier of overheating, resulting in expensive re- occur when the shaft is stationary which is
water equipment is working (Figure 6). placement of sleeves or shafts and potential fine when the shaft is rotating. Never tighten
Open the intake and outlet valves. Start the production losses (Figure 8). any such box when the shaft is not rotating
motor. as this may they cause the packing to burn
when you start it up.
Small leakage