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Pile Foundation:
i. A pile foundation is a deep foundation
ii. Pile foundations are different from footing foundation in that ratio of depth of the foundation to the size of the pile is
greater than four (Db/B > 4)
iii. A pile is a slender columnar structure buried inside the ground with the purpose of transferring load from a superstructure
to a deeper lying stronger and less compressible stratum or through water.
iv. A pile may also be used to carry uplift and lateral loads and also to densify cohesionless soil (e.g. sand) to increase its bearing
capacity.
v. Piles can be classified by Load Transfer Method and Installation Method.
The single pile equation for ultimate bearing capacity of piles in sands and ultimate bearing capacity of piles in clay
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The term Negative Skin Friction.
i. Negative skin friction can occur on the perimeter of a pile driven through a layer of clay undergoing consolidation into a
firm bearing stratum (refer to diagram).
ii. The consolidating layer exerts a downward drag on the pile, therefore the direction of the skin friction is reversed.
iii. The force due to this downward or negative skin friction is this carried by the pile instead of helping to support the external
load on the pile.
fill
Bearing stratum
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