C2quick PDF

CAESAR II Version 5.
2 Quick Reference Guide
Copyright 1985-2009 COADE, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Table of Contents
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.20 2
CAESAR II Software 2
CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars 3
System Requirements 3
Troubleshooting 4
CAESAR II Interfaces 4
Piping Codes 5
Restraints 7
Setup File Directives List 8
List of Materials 13
CAESAR II Intersection Types 14
Code Stresses 15
US Codes 15
International Codes 20
Node Locations on Bends 28
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual 30
Additional COADE Software Programs 31
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 2
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.20
The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly

identifying needed information and to resolve common questions and
problems. This Reference Guide is distributed with each copy of the
software and users are urged to copy the Reference Guide as
necessary.
Comments and suggestions concerning CAESAR II, the User Guide, or

the Quick Reference Guide are always welcome. Users with problems,
questions, or suggestions can contact the COADE Development/Support
staff at: techsupport@coade.com.
CAESAR II Software
CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or

analyzes piping systems. CAESAR II uses input spreadsheets, on-line
help, graphics, and extensive error detection procedures to facilitate
timely operation and solution.
CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel

models, or combined models, both statically and dynamically. ASME,
B31, WRC, and rotating equipment reports combine to provide the
analyst with a complete description of the piping systems behavior
under the applied loading conditions. Additional technical capabilities
such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer
and relief valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers
provide the pipe stress engineer with the most advanced computer
based piping program available today.
CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical

abilities, to provide additional functionality, and to modify existing
computation procedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete
list of the most recent changes to CAESAR II can be found in the
Chapter 1 of the User Guide. Users wanting software sales are urged
to contact the COADE Sales staff at:
Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: sales@coade.com
FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: http://www.coade.com/product_overview.asp?varflag=CAESARII
3 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars
COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers

knowledge of CAESAR II and Pipe Stress Analysis. The general seminar
is held in our Houston office and covers five days of Statics. Twice
yearly we also cover five days of Statics and three days of Dynamics.
These seminars emphasize the piping codes, static analysis, dynamic
analysis, and problem solving.
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For

additional seminar details, please contact the COADE Support staff at:
seminars @coade.com.
System Requirements
CAESAR II requires Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista with a

minimum graphic card capability of 1280x1024 resolution. However, for
more efficient use of the software, higher graphics resolutions are
necessary. Usually any hardware capable of running these operating
systems will be sufficient to run CAESAR II. For effective use of CAESAR II,
COADE recommends as a minimum configuration:
2+ Ghz processor
1+ Gbytes of RAM
1280x1024 graphics resolution or better
256+ Mbytes of video RAM
Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista
Please note that Windows XP Home Edition and Windows Vista Home
(Basic and Premium) is not supported.
Troubleshooting
For troubleshooting and problem solving issues, refer to the CAESAR II
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) located on the COADE Website. To
view the FAQ:
(http://www.coade.com/product_faq.asp?varflag=CAESARII&varflagmas
ter=.
CAESAR II Interfaces
There are several external interfaces which allow data transfer between
CAESAR II and other software packages. Users can access these
interfaces via the Tools menu on the CAESAR II Main Menu.
CADWorx requires AUTOCAD

AUTOCAD DXF Output
COMPUTER VISION mainframe
INTERGRAPH mainframe
CADPIPE requires AUTOCAD
ISOMET mainframe
PDMS mainframe
PCF Alias format
Users interested in these interfaces should contact COADE for further

information. We anticipate other interfaces in the future keep users
updated via the newsletter or revised documentation.
Piping Codes
Use the table displayed below to identify the Piping Code, publication
and/or revision date.
PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE

ANSI B31.1 (2007) December 7, 2006
ANSI B31.3 (2006) May 31, 2007
ANSI B31.4 (2006) October 20, 2006
ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (2006) October 20, 2006
ANSI B31.5 (2001) May 30, 2005
ANSI B31.8 (2007) November 30, 2007
ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (2007) November 30, 2007
ANSI B31.11 (2002) May 30, 2003
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (2007) July 1, 2008
ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (2007) July 1, 2008
U.S. NAVY 505 (1984) N/A
CANADIAN Z662 (6/2003) N/A
CANADIAN Z662 Ch 11 (6/2003) N/A
BS 806 SEPTEMBER 1993 ISSUE 1, N/A
ND
SWEDISH METHOD 1 2 EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979 N/A
ND
SWEDISH METHOD 2 2 EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979 N/A
ANSI B31.1 (1967) N/A
STOOMWEZEN (1989) N/A
RCC-M C (1988) N/A
RCC-M D (1988) N/A
CODETI (2001) June 2004
NORWEGIAN (1999) N/A
FDBR (1995) N/A
BS7159 (1989) N/A
PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE

UKOOA (1994) N/A
IGE/TD/12 (2003) N/A
DnV (1996) N/A
EN-13480 (12/2006) Issue 9
GPTC/Z380 (2003) December 2007
PD 8010 Part 1 (2004) N/A
PD 8010 Part 2 (2004) N/A
ISO-14692 (2005) N/A
JPI (2002) 2004
HPGSL (2005) N/A
Restraints
CAESAR II stores restraint information on 16 different restraint types.
Restraint Type Abbreviation

Anchor A
Translational Double Acting X,Y, or Z
Rotational Double Acting RX, RY, or RZ
Guide, Double Acting GUI
Double Acting Limit Stop LIM
Translational Double Acting Snubber XSNB, YSNB, ZSNB
Translational Directional +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
Rotational Directional +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.
Directional Limit Stop +LIM, -LIM
Large Rotation Rod XROD, YROD, ZROD
Translational Double Acting Bilinear X2, Y2, Z2
Rotational Double Acting Bilinear RX2, RY2, RZ2
Translational Directional Bilinear -X2, +Y2, -Y2, etc.
Rotational Double Acting Bilinear -RX2, +RY2, - RY2, etc.
Bottom Out Spring XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR
Directional Snubber +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.
Setup File Directives List
The following list represents the possible directives which can be

controlled by the user via the CAESAR II configuration file CAESAR.CFG.
These directives can be changed by the user through the use of the
CONFIGURE-SETUP program, accessed via Main Menu option #9.
Directives are listed in groups corresponding to the configuration
program's menu options.
GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES
CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34
MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36
MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37
BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38
MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39
LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42
THERMAL BOWING HORIZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92
AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= 1000000E+02 109
Z AXIS UP NO 129
COMPUTATION CONTROL
USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65

ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33
HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49
DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50
BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51
FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45
FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47
FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48
FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46
ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59
ROD INCREMENT = 2000000E+01 58
COMPUTATION CONTROL
INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60

DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 98
DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 99
IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100
MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101
MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE = .1200000E+02 107
WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119
WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120
INCLUDE_INSULATION_IN_HYDROTEST= NO 147
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE = 70.00 135
BORDER PRESSURE = NONE 136
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION = 0. 140
INCLUDE SPRING STIFFNESS IN FREE THERMAL NO 141
CASES =
SIFs and STRESSES

REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1 POST 1980 32
USE WRC329 NO 62
NO REDUCED SIR FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53
B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54
CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55
ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35
ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66
ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67
OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .00000E+00 41
DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43
B31.1 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = 100000E+01 40
ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52
USE SCHNEIDER NO 63
YIELD CRITERION STRESS = MAX 3D SHEAR 108
SIFs and STRESSES
USE PD/4T NO 64
BASE HOOP STRESS ON NO 57
EN-13480 use in-plane /out-plane SIF NO 133
LIBERAL ALLOWABLE = YES 137
STREE STIFFENING DUE TO PRESS = NO 138
B31.3 WELDING/CONTOUR TEE MEET B16.9 NO 139
IMPLEMENT _B31.3_ APPENDIX_P NO 144
IMPLEMENT _B31.3_ CODECASE NO 145
B31.3 Sec 319.2.3(c), Saxial NO 146
PRESSURE VARIATION IN EXPANSION CASE DEFAULT 143
DEFAULT=
FRP PROPERTIES
USE FRP SIF = YES 110
USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 11
BS 7159 PRESSURE STIFFENING = DESIGN STRAIN 121
FRP PROPERTY DATA FILE = CAESAR.FRP 122
AXIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 3200000E+07 113
RATIO SHEAR MOD : AXIAL MOD = 2500000E+00 114
AXIAL STRAIN : HOOP STRESS 1527272E+00 115
FRP LAMINATE TYPE = THREE 116
FRP ALPHA = .1200000E+02 117
FRP DENSITY = .6000000E-01 118
EXCLUDE F2 FROM BENDING STRESS UKOOA NO 134
PLOT COLORS
PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1
HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2
LABELS GREEN 3
BACKGROUND BLACK 5
AXES LIGHTRED 15
HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16
RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17
NODES YELLOW YELLOW 18
STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31
DISPLACED SHAPE BROWN 30
STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24
STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25
STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26
STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27
STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28
STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARKBLUE 29
STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19
DATABASE DEFINITIONS
STRCT DBASE = AISC89.BIN 70

VALVE & FLANGE = CADWORX.VHD 90
EXPANSION JT DATABASE = PATHWAY.JHD 91
PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION = ANSI 88
DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112
SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME = SYSTEM 123
UNITS FILE NAME = .ENGLISH.FIL 124
LOAD CASE TEMPLATE = .LOAD.TPL 142
ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 128
APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126
ODBC DATABASE NAME <NONE> 127
MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTATIONS
OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87

DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89
DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94
TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104
OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105
INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106
MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA
USER ID " " NA
DISABLE _UNDO NO 128
List of Materials
The CAESAR II Material Table contains 17 different isotropic materials.
Properties and allowed temperature ranges for each isotropic material
are listed below.
Material No. Material Name Elastic Poisson's Pipe Density Temperature
Modulus Ratio (lb./cu.in) Range F
1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400
2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400
3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
4 Low Chrome Moly Steel 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
5 Med Chrome Moly Steel 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1400
7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400
8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400
9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1400
10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000
11 Monel 67% Ni/30% Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400
12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400
13 Copper Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 1400
14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600
15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32270 70 400
16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200
17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200
Additionally CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and

cut long cold spring elements. Material number 20 activates the
CAESAR II Orthotropic Material Model (i.e., Fiber-glass reinforced
plastic pipe); the default coefficient of expansion is 12.0 E-6 in./in./F.
Material 21 indicates user-defined properties. Material numbers over
100 are from the Material Database and include the allowable stress
and other piping code data.
CAESAR II Intersection Types
The table below displays intersection types used in CAESAR II.

Type B31.3 Type Notes Sketch
1 Reinforced Reinforced Fabricated Tee Used to lower SIFs
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
2 Unreinforced Unreinforced Fabricated Tee Routine intersection
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
Usually the cheapest
3 Welded Tee Welding Tee Usually size-on-size
Governed by B16.9
Usually the lowest SIF
Usually expensive
4 Sweepolet Welded-in Contour Insert Sit-in fitting
Forged fittings on a pipe
5 Weldolet Branch Welded on Fitting "Sit-on" fitting
Forged fittings on a pipe
6 Extruded Extruded Welding Tee Seldom used
Used for thick wall manifolds
Extruded from straight pipe

Code Stresses
Listed below are the Code Stress equations for the actual and allowable
stresses used by CAESAR II. For the listed codes, the actual stress is
defined by the left hand side of the equation and the allowable stress is
defined by the right hand side. The CAESAR II load case label is also
listed after the equation.
Typically the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are

sufficient for code compliance. However, CAESAR II does not
recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are unknown in
origin and must be specified by the user.
US Codes
Stress
Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Slp = PD0/4tn code approximation
Slp = PDi2/(D02 - Di2) code exact equation CAESAR II default
Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified

S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb + torque < NA (OPE)
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3
B1 (Pmax Do ) Ma (SUS)
+ B2 1.5Sh
2tn Z
i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh -Sl (EXP)

B1 * Slpmax + B2 * (Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.8 Sh and < 1.5 Sy (OCC)
B31.1
Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)
i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 iMa / Z + 0.75 iMb / Z < k Sh (OCC)
B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

Sl = Slp + sqrt(Sb2 + 4 St2) < Sh (SUS)
2 2
sqrt( Sb + 4 St ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl)) (EXP)
Slp + sqrt(Sb2 + 4 St2) < k Sh (OCC)
B31.3
Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
2 2
Sb = [sqrt ((iiMi) + (i0M0) )]/Z
B31.4
If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)
FAC | E dT - SHOOP| + SHOOP < .9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)
Fax/A - SHOOP + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OCC)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb < (1.75) (0.72) (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is tensile)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)
B31.4 Chapter IX
Hoop Stress: Sh F1 S y (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |SL| 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

B31.4 Chapter IX
Where:
Sy = specified minimum yield strength
Sh = (Pi Pe) D / 2t
Se = 2[((SL - Sh)/2)2 + St2]1/2
B31.5
sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
2 2
Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi) + (i0M0) )]/Z
For Straight Pipe:

Max(SL, SC) < 0.9ST (OPE)
Max(SL, SC) < 0.9ST (SUS)
SL (OCC)*
and
SC < ST (OCC)*
SL = SP + SX + SB
For All Other Components

SL < 0.9ST (OPE, SUS, OCC)
SL < 0.75ST (SUS, OCC)

SE < f[1.25(SC + SH) SL] (EXP)
Where:
SL = SP + SX + SB
SP = 0.3SHoop (for restrained pipe)

= 0.5SHoop (for unrestrained pipe)
SX = R/A
SB = MB/Z (for straight pipe/bends with SIF = 1.0)
= MR/Z (for other components)
B31.5
Where:
SC = Max (|SHoop SL|, sqrt[SL2 SLSHoop + SHoop2])
MR = sqrt[(0.75iiMi)2 + (0.75ioMo)2 + Mt2]
SE = ME/Z
ME = sqrt[(0.75iiMi)2 + (0.75ioMo)2 + Mt2]
S = Specified Minimum Yield Stress
T = Temperature Derating Factor
SH = 0.33SUT
SC = 0.33SU
SU = Specified Minimum Ultimate Tensile Stress
B31.8 Chapter VIII

Hoop Stress: Sh F1 S T (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |SL| 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:
S = Specified Minimum Yield Strength
F1= Hoop Stress Design Factor (0.50 or 0.72, see Table A842.22 of the B31.8 Code)
T= Temperature Derating Factor (see Table 841.116A of the B31.8 Code)
Note: The product of S and T (i.e. the yield stress at operating temperature) is required in SH of the
CAESAR II Input.
B31.8 Chapter VIII

Sh= (Pi Pe) D / 2t
SL = maximum longitudinal stress (positive tensile, negative compressive)
Se = 2[((SL - Sh)/2)2 + Ss2]1/2
Ss = tangential shear stress
B31.11
FAC | E dT - SHOOP| + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
GPTC/Z380
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Syield (OPE)
Sl = Slp+Sb < 0.75(Sy)Ft (SUS)
2 2
Se = sqrt(Sb +4St ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
Note: GPTC/Z380 is similar to B31.8 with noted changes.

International Codes
BS806
Straight Pipe
< SAOPE
2
fc= sqrt(F + 4fs2) < SASUS
< SAEXP
fs = Mt(d + 2t) / 4I
F = max (ft, fL)
ft= pd/2t + 0.5p
fL= pd2/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(mi2 + mo2)] / 2I
Bends
< SAOPE
2
fc = sqrt (F + 4 fs2) < SASUS
< SAEXP
fs = Mt (d + 2t) /4I
F = max (ft, fL)
ft = r/I * sqrt[(miFTi)2 + (m0FTo)2]
fs = r/I * sqrt[(miFLi)2 + (m0FLo)2]
Branch Junctions
BS806
< SAOPE
fcb = q * sqrt[fb2 + 4fsb2] < SASUS
< SAEXP
fb = (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2 + (moFTO)2]
Fsb = Mt (d + 2t) / 4I
q = 1.0 except for operating cases
= 5 or .44 bases on d2/d1 ratio in operating cases
m = geometric parameter
EXP SA = min[(H*Sproof ambient + H*Sproof design);(H*Sproof ambient + F)]
BS806
OPE SA = Savg rupture at design temperature
SUS SA = min[.8*Sproof, Screep rupture]
BS 7159
If Sx is tensile:
Sx =
( ) + [sqrt((i xi Mi ) 2 +(i xo M o )2 )]
P Dm
( 4t ) Z
2 2 (OPE)
x + 4Ss < Sh
and
(OPE)
( 2 + 4 2 ) < Sh * E E
s H A
or, if Sx is compressive:
P Dm( ) - [sqrt((i xi Mi )2 +(i xo Mo )2 )] - Fx

( 4t ) Z A
(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)

(OPE)
Sh * EH E A
x x
and
Sx 1.25Sh (OPE)
Circumferential Stress
S =
( )
MP D m
( 2t ) for straight pipes
2 2
=
( ) +[
MP D m ((i i M i ) +(i o M o ) ) ]
( 2t ) Z
for bends
BS 7159
=
( ) +[
MP D m
2 2
((i xi M i ) +(i xo M o ) ) ]
( 2t ) Z
for tees
Dm and t are always for the Run Pipe
Canadian Z662
|E dT - Sh| + Sh < 0.9 S * T (OPE)
|Fax / A - Sh| + Sb + Sh < S * T (OPE)
(If Fax / A - Sh is compressive)

|Slp + Fax / A| + Sb + Sh < S * T (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax / A is compressive)
Sl = 0.5Sh + Sb < S * F * L * T (SUS, OCC)
SE = sqrt [Sb 2 + 4St2] < 0.72 S * T (EXP)
CODETI
Sl = Sigma1 = p*De/(4ef) + 0.75*i*Ma/Z < fchaud (SUS) (C.3.3.2)
Sigma2 = p*De/(4*ef)+0.75*I*Ma/Z +0.75*i*Mb/Z<k*fchaud (OCC) (C3.3.3)
Sigma3 = i*Mc/Z < fa (EXP) (C.3.3.4.1)
Sigma4 = p*De/(4*ef) + 0.75*i*Ma/Z + i*Mc/Z < fchaud + fa (C3.3.4-2)
With
fa = U*(1.25*ffroid + 0.25*fchaud)*Echaud/Efroid (C3.2.4.2-1)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: Sh ns SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Hoop Stress: Sh nu SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Longitudinal Stress: SL n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:
Sh = (Pi Pe) (D t) / 2t
ns= hoop stress yield usage factor Tables C1 and C2 of DNV
SMYS = specified minimum yield strength at operating temperature
nu= hoop stress bursting usage factor Tables C1 and C2 of DNV
SMTS = specified minimum tensile strength, at operating temperature
SL = maximum longitudinal stress
n = equivalent stress usage factor Table C4 of DNV
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 - ShSL + 3t2]1/2
EN-13480
Pc do (0.75i)MA (SUS)
+ Kfn
4en Z
Pc do (0.75i)Ma iMc (EXP)

+ + fn + fh
4en Z Z
Pc do (0.75i)MA i(0.75i)MB
+ + Kfn
(OCC)
4en Z Z
EN-13480 Alternate Option
(im
i i ) + ( io mo )
2 2
due to primary loads
SbA =
z
Pc do (SUS)
Sl = +SbA Kfn
4en
Sb 2 +4St 2 +Sl fn + fh (EXP)
Pc do (OCC)
+SbA +SbB Kfn
4en
( im
i i ) + ( iomo )
2 2
due to occasional loads
SbB =
z
FDBR
Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)
i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh(OCC)
HPGSL
sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
2 2
JPI
2 2
sqrt (Sb + 4 St ) < f [1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
2 2
Norwegian
2 (SUS)
PDi .75Ma
SI = +
2 2 Z
Eff(D 0 D1 )
iMc/Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)
PmaxDi2 .75i (Ma + Mb) (OCC)

+
Eff(D02 -Di2 ) Z
M = sqrt (Mx2 + My2 + Mz2)

Sr= Minimum of 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh; FrRs-F2;
or Fr (1.25R1 + 0.25R2)
The latter applies to temperatures over 370C; 425C for
Austenitic stainless steel
Fr= Cyclic reduction factor
Norwegian
Rs= Permissible extent of stress for 7000 cycles
R1= Minimum of Sc and 0.267 Rm
R2= Minimum of Sh and 0.367 Rm
Rm = Ultimate tensile strength at room temperature
PD8010
PD8010 Part 1
Hoop Stress Sh< aeSy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress Se< 0.9Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:
Sy = specified minimum yield strength
e = weld joint factor
PD8010 Part 1
(Do 2 + Di 2 )
Shl = P
(Do 2 DL 2 )
Se = Shl2 +SL 2 -Shl *SL +3*ST 2
Shl hoop stress using nominal dimensions
Fshear
ST = MT +2*
2Z Area
SL Based on restrained/unrestrained status

SL for unrestrained piping SL = SLP + im z
SL for restrained piping

FAC | E dT - SHOOP| + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
PD8010 Part 1
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
2 2
sqrt ( Sb + 4 St ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
PD8010 Part 2
Hoop Stress Sh< fdhSy
Equivalent Stress Se< fdeSy

Where:
Sy specified minimum yield strength
fdh hoop stress design factor (See Table 2)
fde equivalent stress design factor (See Table 2)
( Do 2 + DL 2 )
Sh = ( Pi Po )
( Do 2 DL 2 )
PD8010 Part 2
Se = Sh2 +SL 2 -Sh *SL +3*ST 2
Fshear
ST = MT +2*
2Z Area
SL = SLP + im z
RCC-M C & D
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMc/Z < f (1.25 Sc + .25 Sh) + Sh - Sl (EXP)
Slpmax + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2 Sh (OCC)
Stoomwezen
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < f (SUS)
iMc/Z < fe (EXP)
Slp + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2f (OCC)
UKOOA
ab (f2/r) + PDm/ (4t) < (f1 f2 LTHS) / 2.0
Where:
P = design pressure
Dm = pipe mean diameter
t = pipe wall thickness
f1 = factor of safety for 97.5% lower confidence limit, usually 0.85
f2 = system factory of safety, usually 0.67
ab = axial bending stress due to mechanical loads
r = a(0:1) / a(2:1)
a(0:1) = long term axial tensile strength in absence of pressure load
a(2:1) = long term axial tensile strength in under only pressure loading
LTHS = long term hydrostatic strength (hoop stress allowable)
Node Locations on Bends

Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the
element leaving the bend. The actual bend curvature is always
physically at the TO end of the element entering the bend.
The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the
element defining (entering) the bend.
The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.
For stress and displacement output the TO node of the element
entering the bend is located geometrically at the FAR point on the
bend. The FAR point is at the weld line of the bend, and adjacent to
the straight element leaving the bend.
The NEAR point on the bend is at the weld line of the bend, and
adjacent to the straight element entering the bend.
The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the
bend if the total length of the element as specified in the DX, DY and
DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan( Beta / 2 ) where Beta is the
bend angle, and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to the bend
centerline.
Nodes defined in the Angle # and Node # fields are placed at the
given angle on the bend curvature. The angle starts with zero
degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and goes to Beta degrees
at the FAR point of the bend.
Angles are always entered in degrees.
By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within
five (5) degrees of one another or within five degrees of the nearest
end point. This and other bend settings may be changed through
the Main Menu, Configure-setup processor.
When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at
the bend NEAR point a node may be placed at the near point of the
bend by entering an Angle # on the bend spreadsheet equal to 0.0
degrees. For more information see the following figure.
When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe
spreadsheet, nodes are automatically placed at the near and mid
point of the bend. The generated midpoint node number is one less
than the TO node number on the element, and the generated near
point node number is two less than the TO node number on the
element. A near point should always be included in the model in
tight, highly formed piping systems. The top-left figure below shows
the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure
shows the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The
bottom-left figure shows the same geometry except that two nodes
are defined on the bend curvature at angles of zero and forty-five
degrees.
For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, select the ANIMATED

TUTORIALS option on the Help menu.
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual
The CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual is intended to serve as a

publicly available verification document. This manual discusses (briefly)
the current industry QA standards, the COADE QA standard, a series of
benchmark jobs, and instructions for users implementing QA
procedures on their own hardware.
The benchmark jobs consist of comparisons to published data by ASME

and the NRC. Additional test jobs compare CAESAR II results to other
industry programs.
For additional information on the Verification and Validation Manual, please

contact the sales department at sales@coade.com.
Additional COADE Software Programs
CADWorx Plant - An AutoCAD based plant design/drafting program with a

bi-directional data transfer link to CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to
be created in ortho, iso, 2D or 3D modes. CADWorx template
specifications, contained with built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso,
auto dimensioning, complete libraries, center of gravity calculations, and
bill of materials, provides the most complete plant design package to
designers.
CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel

components. CodeCalc capabilities include: analysis of tubesheets,
rectangular vessels, flanges, nozzles, Zick Analysis, and the standard
internal/external thickness and pressure computations on heads, shells,
and cones. API 579 calculations are also included.
PV Elite - A comprehensive program for the design or analysis of vertical

and horizontal vessels. Pressure Vessel Codes include ASME VIII-1
and VIII-2, PD:5500 and EN-13445. PVElite includes all of the CodeCalc
functionality.
TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage

tanks. The program includes API 650 Appendices A, E, F, M, P, S, and
L as well as API 653 Appendix B. Computations address: winds girders,
conical roof design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion
allowance.
Quick Reference Guide Index G
GPTC/Z380 19
A H
Additional COADE Software HPGSL 24
Programs 31 L
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3 15 List of Materials 13
B M
B31.1 15 Miscellaneous Computations 12
B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505
16 N
B31.11 19 Node Locations on Bends 28
B31.3 16 Norwegian 24
B31.4 16
P
B31.4 Chapter IX 16
B31.5 17 PD8010 25
B31.8 17 Piping Codes 5
B31.8 Chapter VIII 18 Plot Colors 11
Bends 20 R
Branch Junctions 20
RCC-M C & D 26
BS 7159 21
Restraints 7
C
S
CAESAR II Interfaces 4
Setup File Directives List 8
CAESAR II Intersection Types 14
SIFs and STRESSES 9
CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars 3
Stoomwezen 26
CAESAR II Quality Assurance
Stress 15
Manual 30
System Requirements 3
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Version 5.20 2 T
CAESAR II Software 2 Troubleshooting 4
Canadian Z662 22
Code Stresses 15 U
CODETI 22 UKOOA 27
US Codes 15
D
Database Definitions 12
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 22
E
EN-13480 23
F
FDBR 24
FRP Properties 11
COADE Inc.
12777 Jones Road, Suite 480
Houston, Texas 77070
Phone:(281)890-4566
Fax: (281)890-3301
Internet: www.coade.com
CAESAR II
Quick Reference Guide
VERSION 5.20
LAST REVISED 4/2009

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CAESAR II Version 5.

2 Quick Reference Guide

Copyright 1985-2009 COADE, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.20

The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly

Comments and suggestions concerning CAESAR II, the User Guide, or

CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or

CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel

CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical

CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars

COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers

Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For

CAESAR II requires Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista with a

CADWorx requires AUTOCAD

Users interested in these interfaces should contact COADE for further

PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE

PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE

Restraint Type Abbreviation

Setup File Directives List

The following list represents the possible directives which can be

USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65

INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60

SIFs and STRESSES

SIFs and STRESSES

STRCT DBASE = AISC89.BIN 70

OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87

Additionally CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and

CAESAR II Intersection Types

The table below displays intersection types used in CAESAR II.

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced Fabricated Tee Routine intersection

Usually the cheapest

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee Usually size-on-size

Usually the lowest SIF

4 Sweepolet Welded-in Contour Insert Sit-in fitting

Forged fittings on a pipe

5 Weldolet Branch Welded on Fitting "Sit-on" fitting

Forged fittings on a pipe

6 Extruded Extruded Welding Tee Seldom used

Used for thick wall manifolds

Extruded from straight pipe

Typically the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are

Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh -Sl (EXP)

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

For Straight Pipe:

For All Other Components

SL < 0.75ST (SUS, OCC)

SP = 0.3SHoop (for restrained pipe)

B31.8 Chapter VIII

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

B31.8 Chapter VIII

Note: GPTC/Z380 is similar to B31.8 with noted changes.

P Dm( ) - [sqrt((i xi Mi )2 +(i xo Mo )2 )] - Fx

(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)

(If Fax / A - Sh is compressive)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: Sh nu SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Se = Shl2 +SL 2 -Shl SL +3ST 2

Se = Sh2 +SL 2 -Sh SL +3ST 2