1803 Vocabulary Terms

These terms are in no particular order; however all must be defined as a part of the set-exercises assessment task.

Term Definition
1 2D Shape any shape that has two dimensions
2 3D Shape any shape or object that takes up air space
5E Model Each of the 5 E's describes a phase of learning,
and each phase begins with the letter "E":
Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and
3 Evaluate.
accommodation a process of mutual adaptation between persons
or groups, usually achieved by eliminating or
reducing hostility, as by compromise or
4 arbitration.
assimilation the process of taking in and fully understanding
5 information or ideas.
cardinality the number of elements in a set or other
6 grouping, as a property of that grouping.
centration tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a
7 situation and neglect other.
Classification (Science process skill) Classifying things into different categories by
recognizing similarities and differences between
8 things, and how they relate to one other.
Cognitive constructivism assimilating new information to existing
knowledge, and enabling them to make the
appropriate modifications to their existing
intellectual framework to accommodate that
9 information.
communicating (Science process skill) using words or graphic symbols to describe an
10 action, object or event
11
concept a general notion or idea
conceptual subitizing involves recognizing a number pattern as a
12 composite of parts and as a whole.
conclusion (Scientific method) Your conclusions summarize how your results
13 support or contradict your original hypothesis
Concrete operational stage stage of cognitive development in which a child
is capable of performing a variety of mental
operations and thoughts using concrete
14 concepts
concrete pictorial abstract learning progression is a highly effective approach to teaching that
develops a deep and sustainable understanding
15 of math.
conservation the principle by which the total value of a
physical quantity or parameter (such as energy,
mass, linear or angular momentum) remains
constant in a system which is not subject to
16 external influence
Constructivist method is based on the belief that learning occurs as
17 learners are actively involved in a process of

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

meaning and knowledge construction as

opposed to passively receiving information
controlling variables (More complex science process skill) being able to identify variables that can affect
an experimental outcome, keeping most
constant while manipulating only the
18 independent variable
data facts and statistics collected together for
19 reference or analysis.
disequilibrium a loss or lack of equilibrium or stability,
especially in relation to supply, demand, and
20 prices.
equilibrium a state in which opposing forces or influences are
21 balanced.
estimation a rough calculation of the value, number,
22 quantity, or extent of something.
Formal Operations Stage is the fourth and final stage of Piaget's theory of
cognitive development. The emerging abstract
thought and hypothetical reasoning mark this
23 phase of development.
hypothesis (Scientific method) is the initial building block in the scientific
method. Many describe it as an "educated
guess," based on prior knowledge and
observation. While this is true, the definition can
24 be expanded.
25 hypothesizing (More complex science process skill) put (something) forward as a hypothesis.
inferring (science process skill) making an "educated guess" about an object or
event based on previously gathered data or
26 information.
informal experience is any learning that is not formal learning or
non-formal learning, such as self-directed
27 learning or learning from experience
inquiry-based learning (IBL) is a form of active learning that starts by posing
questions, problems or scenariosrather than
simply presenting established facts or portraying
28 a smooth path to knowledge
learning cycle is a concept of how people learn from
29 experience
logical grouping identifying how the interactions have
dependencies and grouping them into an
activity. Identifying how the objects on a
sequence diagram have interactions and
dependencies between them and grouping them
30 into an activity to show behavior.
measuring ascertain the size, amount, or degree of
(something) by using an instrument or device
marked in standard units or by comparing it
31 with an object of known size.
measuring (science process skill) using both standard and nonstandard measures
or estimates to describe the dimensions of an
32 object or event
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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

more knowledgeable other The children need someone to help them to

learn. It doesn't have to be a teacher also it can
33 be more developed person.
naturalistic experience All people are different and therefore learn in
unique ways. A learning style referrer to an
individual's approach to learning based on three
things: their strengths, weaknesses, and
34 preferences.
observing (science process skill) using the senses to gather information about an
35 object or event.
one to one correspondence understanding that one group has the same
36 number of things as another group
perceptual subitizing recognizing a number without using other
37 mathematical processes.
predicting (science process skill) stating the outcome of a future event based on
38 a pattern of evidence.
pre-operational stage is the second stage in Piaget's theory of
cognitive development. This stage begins
around age 2 as children start to talk and last
39 until approximately age 7.
Principles of School Mathematics setting forth recommendations for mathematics
40 educators
process skill using the senses to gather information about an
41 object or event
rational counting refers to a child's ability to assign a number to
the objects she is counting. As she counts a set
of objects, the child must understand that the
last number is equivalent to the total number of
42 items in the set.
reversibility is part of the concrete operational stage, the
understanding that numbers and objects can
43 change and then return to their original state.
rote counting is the simplest number concept that children
develop, and it merely consists of counting
44 numbers sequentially.
45 scaffolding building new knowledge on previous knowledge
science process skill communicating, classifying, measuring,
46 inferring, and predicting.
scientific method a method of procedure that has characterized
natural science since the 17th century,
consisting in systematic observation,
measurement, and experiment, and the
formulation, testing, and modification of
47 hypotheses.
Sensory motor stage This stage begins at birth and lasts through 24
48 months of age
seriation which refers to the ability to sort objects or
situations according to any characteristic, such
49 as size, color, shape, or type.

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

social constructivism is a sociological theory of knowledge according

to which human development is socially situated
and knowledge is constructed through
50 interaction with others.
Sorting arrange systematically in groups; separate
51 according to type
52 spatial awareness is the ability to be aware of oneself in space
Standards for School Mathematics are guidelines produced by the National Council
53 of Teachers of Mathematics
structured experience experiential, supervised, in-depth. learning
54 experiences that are designed to
student- directed inquiry Shifting of emphasis from teachers presenting
information. . .to students learning science
55 through active involvement
teachable moment an event or experience which presents a good
opportunity for learning something about a
56 particular aspect of life.
teacher- directed inquiry sometimes referred to as directed inquiry, is a
57 guided inquiry mainly directed by the teacher
testable question questions that can be answered through hands-
58 on investigation by the student.
volume a mass or quantity, especially a large quantity,
59 of something.
zone of proximal development the distance between the actual developmental
level as determined by independent problem
solving and the level of potential development
as determined through problem solving under
adult guidance, or in collaboration with more
60 capable peers

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