REF542plus

ProtectIT Multifunction Protection

and Switchgear Control Unit
 1
DESCRIPTION 3

2
CONFIGURATION 9

3
FUNCTIONS 11

4
APPLICATION EXAMPLES 21

5
CONSTRUCTION 29

6
TECHNICAL DATA 33

7
CONNECTIONS 47

8
INFORMATION 57

1
 IndustrialIT
REF542plus has been tested and certified as IndustrialIT Enabled, Level 1 - connectivity.
All product information is supplied in interactive electronic format, compatible with
ABB Aspect ObjectTM technology.
The IndustrialIT commitment from ABB ensures that every enterprise building block is equipped with the
integral tools necessary to install, operate, and maintain efficiently throughout the product lifecycle.
REF542plus belongs to the ProtectIT suite.
Detailed information on IndustrialIT is available at <http://www.abb.com/industrialit>.

2
 1
DESCRIPTION

Introduction 4

The REF542plus Base unit 6

The REF542plus HMI 7

3
 DESCRIPTION

Introduction Under voltage and over voltage protections,

REF542plus integrates in a single unit all the synchrocheck and frequency protection complete
secondary functions for a medium voltage the set of protection functions for bus tie panels,
switchgear: incoming feeders and whenever needed.
Protection; Time synchronization with an external master clock
Control; makes the fault-recording feature and events
Measurement; stamping with accuracy better than 1 ms.
Monitoring and self-diagnosis; Four different communications protocols and an
Communication. embedded WEB server open the REF542plus to
A medium voltage switchgear equipped with any control system architecture.
REF542plus becomes a complete, efficient and All these features are complemented with
effective system for power distribution and mana- exceptional automation functions capabilities.
gement. The unit can be used indifferently in solidly Automatic transfer switch, motor restarts and
earthed, low-resistance, compensated or reacceleration, load shedding, any kind of user
unearthed networks; with radial, multifeeders or defined automation sequence can be easily
loop topology. The wealth of available protection implemented inside the unit. The presence of a
functions makes the unit suitable for any kind of CAN Open standard interface (1) allows connectivity
applications. to the huge market of CAN standard products such
Time-overcurrent either with definite or inverse as terminal blocks and intelligent IO modules. The
time, directional time-overcurrent protections are automation possibilities become almost unlimited.
implemented. Also the distance protection for The following pictures show REF542plus
overhead lines can be instantiated in the installation examples in several switchgear.
REF542plus.
Motor protection functions include
starting supervision, number of starts
counting, locked rotor, thermal
supervision, under power, reverse
power and unbalanced load.
ATEX certified versions for explosive
environment, according to the
directive 94/9/EC, are available.
Large power transformers can be
protected, among others, with the
differential and the restricted earth
fault protections.
Power quality features such as power
factor controller with resonance
protection are available. For
demanding applications, a
REF542plus based system including
a SUE 3000 unit, grants fast transfer
switch between two incoming feeders
in less than 30 ms.

REF542plus installed in air-insulated switchgear (AIS).

(1) Available upon specific

request. Contact ABB.

4
 1

The REF542plus is composed of two parts, a Base

Unit and a Local Detached Human Machine
Interface (LD HMI). The two parts are connected
with a serial cable.
The Base Unit contains the power supply, the main
module, the analog and binary input and output (I/
O) modules. Optional modules can be inserted for
supplementary functions.
The HMI is an easy-to-use unit for the switchgear
local control. The HMI is equipped with its own
power supply. It can be installed on the low voltage
compartment door or in a dedicated compartment
close to the Base Unit. The HMI is used to locally
operate the primary objects in the switchgear, to
set the protection parameters, to visualize events
and measurements.
The separation between HMI and Base Unit grants
several advantages and an overall increased
flexibility:
Blind Base Units (without HMI) are possible;
One single HMI for several Base Units;
Easier HMI integration in the most convenient
place;
REF542plus installed in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS).
Simplified Base Unit integration in the low
voltage cubicle.

REF542plus Base Unit and

HMI.

5
 DESCRIPTION

The following figure shows an installation of the Base Unit and of the HMI in
the low voltage compartment of the switchgear.

Base Unit mounting in the

low voltage compartment
and the HMI on the door.

The REF542plus Base Unit

The REF542plus Base unit is based on a real-time,
multiprocessor architecture. A Digital Signal
Processor (DSP) executes the protection functions,
while a Micro controller (MC) executes the control
functions. Another processor on the optional
communication module manages the communica-
tion with the station automation system. This
separation guarantees higher reliability. A block
diagram of the REF542plus is shown in the figure.
The main module is equipped with the DSP and the
MC. The CAN Open interface, the Ethernet
interface for the embedded WEB server, the optical
input port for time synchronization are located on
the main module as well. The optional communica-
Base Unit without connector tion module takes care of the communication with
plate and with extracted the substation automation system.
boards.

6
 1

The binary inputs and outputs Analog Output Analog Input

Communication Module
modules interface the primary 0/4 ... 20 mA Module 4 ... 20 mA Module
process to send commands and to
acquire status information.
The analog input module acquires the
current and voltage signals, both from
instrument transformers or non-
inductive sensors. Analog Input
The optional analog 0/4 ... 20 mA Module

output module and analog

4 ... 20 mA input module allow
exchanging information with the
4... 20 mA or 0... 20 mA current loop.

Main Module

Binary Input
Output Module (s)
REF542plus Base Unit block diagram.

The REF542plus HMI

1 2 3 4
The HMI features a back-illuminated Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD), 8 push buttons, several leds and an
electronic key sensor. The language of the display
can be selected among those available via the 13
Operating Tool.
12
The left half of the LCD provides a graphical 5
representation of the primary objects controlled by 11
the REF542plus in the switchgear. The right half of
the LCD is for plain text visualization such as
measurements and protection events. 10
The LCD backlight is switched off automatically
after 20 minutes of inactivity.
6
The HMI is a complete system for the switchgear 9
local management. The HMI allows the operator to
set the protection functions, operate the primary
objects, visualize measurements and events, reset
alarms and change the unit working mode.
8 7

The HMI includes:

1 Network communication 8 Object control:
Unit Ready. This green led is turned on when the 2 Alarm Open - Close - Select
unit is in the operational state. This led is switched 3 Interlocking error 9 Electronic keys sensor
off when the power supply is not present or when 4 8x4 pages user programmable Leds 10 Text
the unit is not operational. 5 Measurements bars 11 SLD view
6 PC interface 12 Circuit-breaker fast opening
7 Menu navigation 13 Unit ready

REF542plus HMI.

7

DESCRIPTION
Network Communication. This led is meaningful
only when the REF542plus is equipped with a
communication module and configured to use it.
When a communication module is detected inside
the unit, the led turns on to green. If a communica-
tion module is not detected or fails, the led turns
from green to red. When the unit is not configured
for the communication, this led is switched off.
Alarm. This led turns to red when user defined
alarms become true. Several arbitrary alarm
conditions can be defined and configured with the
operating tool. Alarm conditions could be the trip of
a protection function, loss of SF6 in the circuit
breaker, etc. When this led is on, it is not possible
to close the circuit breaker or to download a new
configuration. The alarm condition has to be
removed and the alarm must be acknowledged
first.
Interlocking Error. This led is usually green. The
led turns temporarily to red when the user attempts
an operation that would violate the programmed
interlocking conditions; for example switching a
disconnector with the circuit breaker in closed
position.
Electronic Keys Sensor. This is the sensor for
recognizing the electronic keys. Two different
electronic keys are provided. One key allows
changing the parameters of the protection
functions. The other one is used to change the
control modes. The sensor automatically detects
which key has been inserted. The two keys are
labeled Protect and Control, to distinguish them.
When required, a general key to access both
modes can be provided. It is also possible to
program an 8 characters custom code in the keys
to increase the security levels or for any other
specific reason. This can be done very easily with a
program available on request.
Object Control. These push buttons allow
operating the primary objects.
Menu Navigation. These push buttons allow
navigating trough the REF542plus menu.
8 x 4 pages user programmable leds. 8 freely
programmable, three-color leds are available for
indications. There are 4 pages of these leds. The
assignment of the led to a specific condition is
done with the Operating Tool.
8
1
PC interface. This is the optical serial interface
port to connect the REF542plus with a personal
computer. By using the appropriate cable and the
Operating Tool, the following actions are possible:
Download a configuration into the unit,
Upload the current configuration from the unit,
Upload the fault recorder,
Upload other information (measurements, binary
inputs status, binary output status).
Measurements Bars. 3 freely programmable bars
have been provided for a quick inspection of the
switchgear load situation. The three bars are
marked M1, M2, and M3. Each bar is composed of
twelve leds: ten green and two red. The ten green
leds are normally dedicated to display between 0%
and 100% of the nominal value of the configured
measurement, each led corresponding then to 10%
of the nominal value. The two red leds indicates an
overload condition of 20%. The measurement
displayed by the bar is set with the Operating Tool.
M1..M3 reference text can be configured and
displayed on the display graphical side.
Text. This is the textual part of the LCD. It shows
the menu, the measurement values, the events and
any information accessible through the menu
structure.
SLD view. This is the graphical part of the LCD.
This part shows the single line diagram of the
switchgear. The status of the primary objects is
dynamically updated after every operation: if for
example the circuit breaker has been opened, its
representation will reflect it.
CB Fast Opening. When pressed simultaneously
with the normal open button, this button allows
opening the circuit breaker, independently from the
selected control mode. This feature must be
enabled in the unit with the Operating Tool.
Moreover, it is also possible to have several,
completely user defined command buttons on the
HMI. These virtual push buttons are available from
the dedicated HMI menu. During REF542plus
configuration, the user defines what command
buttons are required. Typical examples might be:
start of a transfer switch or of any other automation
sequence, fault recorder activation, start of a load
shedding sequence, etc.
Thanks to the user defined command buttons,
REF542plus automation capabilities can cope with
any requirements.
 2
CONFIGURATION

Configuration 10

9

CONFIGURATION
The REF542plus unit is configured for the specific
application using the Operating Tool running on a
personal computer. With the graphical editor, the
needed functions blocks are combined together.
The available protection functions are represented
with specific function blocks, which can be
combined with logic functions to define the
required protection and automation scheme.
This flexibility is very advantageous for defining
control functions and automation sequences,
which can, for example, include the interlocking of
the switching devices, blocking the release of
specific protection functions, as well as starting
switching sequences.
The REF542plus unit provides a wide range of
logical functions so that each specific requirement
can be met.
REF542plus graphical con-
figuration.
10
2
The functions includes any kind of logical gates
such as AND, OR, timers, counters, pulse
generators, flip-flops etc.
All functions in the switchgear are specified in
collaboration with ABB.
The REF542plus configuration is a file, which is
then downloaded into the unit via the optical serial
port on the HMI.
The Operating Tool allows also these additional
functions, once connected to the HMI via the serial
cable:
Protection functions setting
Measurement values read-out
On line binary inputs and outputs status read-
out
Fault recorder data acquisition.
The Operating Tool allows on line, real time
monitoring of the internal control signals and logic
states, a powerful tool for applications debugging.
 3
FUNCTIONS

Measurements 12

Monitoring and self-diagnosis 12

Protection 13

Control 13

Events and fault recording 14

Time synchronization 16

Interface to the primary process 16

CAN Open 17

Analog Output 4/0 20mA 18

Analog Input 4 20mA 18

Interfacing a Station Automation System 18

Embedded Web Server 19

11
 FUNCTIONS
REF542plus Multifunction Protection and
Switchbay Control Unit integrates all the
secondary functions into a single unit. This
multifunction unit also features a self-monitoring
function.
This versatility makes it possible to use the
REF542plus on any switchgear independently
from the specific required application.
Measurements
REF542plus can have a maximum of 8 analogue
input channels for measuring current and voltage
signals. These channels are organized into three
groups: three channels in group 1 and in group 2,
two channels in group 3.
Group 1 and group 2 have to be homogeneous,
which means they can measure 3 currents or 3
voltages. For example, measurement of 1 current
and 2 voltages is not allowed. Group 3 can get any
type of signals: 2 currents, 2 voltages, 1 current
and 1 voltage. REF542plus analogue inputs are
very flexible, as this flexibility is needed to support
all the protection functions.
Group 1 and group 2 can be used for
homogeneous current or voltage measurements
either from instrument transformers or non-
inductive sensors. Group 3 can be used in a
heterogeneous way, either with instrument
transformers or with sensors.
One of the most common configurations uses
three current and three voltage inputs and one
earth fault current input. All these values are
shown on the HMI display. The values registered
over an extended time period, for example energy,
number of circuit breaker operations, maximum
and minimum measurement values are
permanently saved. After a power supply loss, this
data is still available. The available measurements
depend upon the analog input configuration. With
the maximum configuration, the following are
obtained.
Directly acquired values
Phase currents;
(1)
Phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltages
Earth current (it can also be calculated);
(1) REF542plus can use Residual voltage (it can also be calculated);
both phase-to-phase Frequency.
and phase-to-ground
voltage transformers.
(2) When phase-to-ground
voltage transformers are
used.
12
From the above, the following values can be
calculated.
Computed values
Phase voltages(2),
Average/maximum current value, three-phase
(determined over several minutes);
Apparent, active and reactive power;
Power factor;
Active and reactive energy;
THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).
Monitoring and self-diagnosis
The REF542plus offers several features for
monitoring the primary part as well for self-
diagnosis. The following computed quantities are
available for primary part monitoring:
Maximum and mean currents in the observation
period (0 ... 30 min);
Sum of interrupted currents;
Working hours;
Number of switching cycles (open-close circuit
breaker);
Spring charging time supervision (when
applicable);
Opening coil supervision.
The REF542plus is equipped with self-diagnosis
routines that constantly check the hardware and
software modules status; every REF542plus
binary input and output module is equipped with a
watchdog contact that triggers in case of fault or
power loss. This contact can be used to detect unit
failure and to initiate the appropriate actions.
Analogue input channels can be optionally
supervised. A broken wire in the connection with
an instrument transformer or a sensor can be
detected and an alarm can be activated.
;

Protection
The REF542plus offers a wide range of protection
functions to cover all medium voltage applications.
These protections can be combined together to
implement the required scheme. When directional
protections are used, some binary inputs and
outputs can be dedicated to the logic selectivity.
The following protections and related functions
are available.
Current Protection
Inrush blocking (68)
Overcurrent Instantaneous (50)
Overcurrent definite time, 2 thresholds (51)
Overcurrent directional, 2 thresholds (67)
Overcurrent IDMT (51 IDMT)
Earth fault, 2 thresholds (51N)
Earth fault IDMT (51 IDMT)
Earth fault directional, 2 thresholds (67N)
Earth fault directional sensitive (67S).
Voltage protection
Over voltage Instantaneous (59)
Over voltage definite time, 2 thresholds (59)
Under voltage Instantaneous (27)
Under voltage definite time, 2 thresholds (27)
Residual over voltage, 2 thresholds (59N)
Line Protection
Distance (21)
Differential Protection
Differential protection for motors and transformer
(87)
Restricted earth fault for transformer (87N)
Thermal protection
For cables, motors and transformers (49)
Motor specific protection
Number of starts counting (66)
Locked rotor (51LR)
Motor start (51MS)
Low load (37)
Unbalanced load (46)
Power Quality Mitigation
Power factor controller (55)
Switching resonance protection
THD Protection
3
Other protections and related functions
Frequency protection (81), 6 thresholds per net
Synchrocheck (25)
Fault recorder
Autoreclosure (79)
Lock out (86)
Reverse power (32).
At most 24 protection functions can be instantiated
inside the REF542plus unit.
The maximum number is anyway dependent upon
the available processing power.
Control
The control and automation capabilities inside the
REF542plus are extremely powerful. Traditional
wired logic with electromechanical relays is
replaced by software control schemes inside the
unit. Simple interlocking against switching errors
as well complex load shedding schemes can be
easily implemented with the control possibilities
offered by the REF542plus.
It is also possible to implement interlocking
between switchbays connected to the same bus
bar system. This requires the availability of status
information of the switching devices to and from
other switchgear. The status information must be
provided by:
Conventional, hard-wired ring bus system;
Using the ABB station automation system
allowing horizontal communication among the
REF542plus units connected on the interbay
bus;
Using the CAN Open digital fieldbus.
The REF542plus foresees different control modes,
selectable with the control key.
In local mode, the HMI control buttons are used to
operate on the primary objects. Remote
operations are inhibited.
In remote control mode, only switching actions
from a remote control device like a station
automation system are permitted. Local control
from the HMI is inhibited.
All the possibilities to operate on the primary
objects can be inhibited setting the unit to the no
control mode.
13
 FUNCTIONS

The picture below shows an example of a circuit breaker.

Circuit breaker control

scheme.

Events and fault recording

The last thirty recorded events can be shown locally on the HMI display. Most
of events are related to protection activities. The event type and additional
information such as involved protection function, time and date, RMS value of
the interrupted current are registered.
The REF542plus unit can transmit the events to the station automation, when
connected to it. Events are stored in non-volatile memory, so they are
maintained also in case of power loss.

Event list on the HMI LCD.

14

Fault recorder
The REF542plus unit is equipped with a powerful
and flexible fault recorder function. This function
can be used to record at most eight analog input
channels and thirty-two binary signals.
The analog input signals are recorded with a
sampling rate of 1.2 kHz for a time interval of at
least 1 second and for a maximum of 5 seconds.
The recording time is a combination of pre- and
post fault time. The total recording capability is of 5
seconds: there can then be configured 5 records
of 1 seconds or a single record of 5 seconds.
The recording can be started by a protection
event, by a binary signal change or by any user
defined condition.
3
Fault records can be transferred locally to a
personal computer from the HMI optical port with
the Operating Tool on from the communication
interface. When extracted with the Operating Tool
or from the embedded WEB Interface, the fault
records are automatically converted into the
standard COMTRADE format. When retrieved from
the communication interface, they can be
converted with a utility program.
Fault records are stored in non-volatile memory, so
they remain available also after a power loss.
Record of a cross-country
fault.
15
 FUNCTIONS
Time synchronization
REF542plus is equipped with an internal real time
clock, which is used to time stamp events. The
internal clock is buffered by a special super
capacitor. In case of power loss, the stored
electrical energy in the capacitor ensures the
internal clock operation for at least twenty-four
hours. The date and time of the clock can be set
via the HMI Control Unit.
REF542plus internal clock can be kept
synchronized to an external clock in different
ways.
When connected to a station automation system,
REF542plus can be kept synchronized via
interbay bus using the facilities of the used
protocol, if available. Accuracy depends upon the
protocol features and may vary from 3 ms (LON
LAG 1.4) to tens of milliseconds (SPABUS).
When better accuracy is required, REF542plus
can be synchronized using the dedicated optical
input port and a master clock, typically a GPS. The
accepted time formats are IRIG format B000, B002
and B003. The picture shows the time distribution
architecture for the synchronization.
When synchronized through IRIG B, REF542plus
unit guarantees an accuracy better of 1 ms and a
resolution of +/- 500us. Very precise fault analysis
is then possible.
Interface to the primary process
REF542plus unit offers a very flexible interface to
the primary process, to acquire analog
measurements, to get binary signals and to send
switching commands.
Analog inputs
The REF542plus unit has available at most eight
analog input channels for voltage and current
measurements. The unit can connect both
conventional instrument transformers and non-
inductive sensors.
Thanks to their linear characteristic, non-inductive
sensors provide greater accuracy and reliability in
signal measurement. Compared to conventional
instrument transformers, sensors have some
unique qualities directly affecting both the
manufacture and the use of the switchgear. Some
of these features are:
Linearity;
16
GPS
satellite
Satellite
antenna
Substation
Master clock
Substation
Master clock
and distributor
Switchboard
starcoupler
Synchronization of the internal clock by a GPS master
clock and IRIG B port.
Wide rated range;
No accuracy versus burden calculation;
Standardized components;
No saturation, no ferroresonance;
Combined current and voltage sensor together
in the same physical unit.
The current sensor is based on the principle of the
Rogowski coil, which consists of a single air-cored
coil. Due to the lack of an iron core, the saturation
effects of conventional current transformers do not
exist anymore. Current sensors are thus well
suited to be used with the distance and the
differential protection functions.
The current sensor output is a voltage signal
proportional to the derivative of the primary current
being measured.
The numerical integration of the signal is
performed by the DSP inside the REF542plus unit.
Four current sensors only with nominal currents
80160A, 160-480A, 480-1250A, 1600-3200A
cover all the applications.
 3

The voltage sensor is based on the resistive

divider principle, the measuring signal is directly
proportional to the measured value and it cannot
saturate. The signal is thus linear throughout the
whole measuring range.
The output signal is a voltage that is directly
proportional to the primary voltage. The figure
shows an example of a combined sensors. The
current and voltage sensors are encapsulated into
a single resin unit, and that is the reason why they
are often referred as combined or combi sensors.
Coupling electrode is incorporated in the sensor,
for voltage detecting systems (VDS) or for voltage Combined sensor in Block
presence indicating systems (VPIS). type (DIN) execution.

Binary inputs and outputs

The REF542plus unit acquires the primary objects
status with auxiliary contacts, which are read by
binary inputs, and sends commands using binary
outputs.
Several signals coming from other components
are also monitored. Among the others, the
following operations are implemented using
binary inputs and outputs:
Primary objects control and interlocking in the
switchgear;
Primary objects status acquisition (e.g. circuit
breaker in opened/closed position);
Circuit breaker spring supervision (when
applicable).
Binary inputs are isolated by opto-couplers.
Binary outputs can be implemented either with
mechanical relays or with static (semiconductor)
devices. In a switchgear with directly driven
motors, static power outputs are usually required.
In addition, the digital bus moves the intelligence
closer to the process, allowing the construction of
switchgear systems with increased configuration
and maintenance flexibility.
The CAN Open interface allows connecting any
off-the-shelf product compliant with the CAN Open
standard, thus making the automation capabilities
of the REF542plus almost unlimited.
The picture below describes an architecture
where two REF542plus units and some IO
modules are connected with the CAN Open.
FIELDBUS I/O
modules
REF542plus

CAN Open (available on specific request)

The REF542plus is equipped on the main module
REF542plus
with a CAN Open standard interface. The CAN configuration tool
Open interface has two main purposes:
Replacing the switchgear internal hard-wired Intra-panel
wiring
connections by means of a high-speed digital
bus;
CAN Open standard devices connectivity
Circuit-
(intelligent IO modules, sensors, ...). breaker
Replacing the switchgear internal hard-wired
connections by means of a high-speed digital bus
Network
allows building new highly standardized management tool
switchgear with a more efficient life cycle. Fast
Panel A Panel B
interlocking data among several REF542plus
units can be exchanged on the CAN Open bus.
REF542plus CAN Open
connectivity.

17
 FUNCTIONS
Analog Output 4/0 20 mA module
An optional analog output module with four
configurable channels can be placed in the Base
Unit. The output signal of this module can be set in
the range from 0 to 20 mA or 4 to 20 mA. Each of
the four channels can be independently
configured. The following quantities are selectable
to be transmitted:
Voltage measurements, both directly acquired
and calculated;
Current measurements, both directly acquired
and calculated;
Apparent, active and reactive power;
Cos phi;
Frequency.
Analog Input 4 20 mA module
An optional analog input module with six channels
can be placed in the Base Unit (wide housing
only). These input channels work accordingly to
the 4 ... 20 mA current loop. Different type of
sensors (temperature, gas density, etc.) can be
connected to these channels.
The sensor signal is acquired on the 4..20mA
channel. Inside the REF542plus the sensor signal
is treated in a binary way. When the sensor signal
is above the set threshold, its corresponding logic
signal becomes active.
The analog input module is placed in the same
slot of the analog output module; analog input
module and analog output module are then
mutually exclusive.
MicroScada
station control
GPS Clock
1,25MB/s LON LAG 1.4
(optical interface)
RER111 Starcoupler
REF542plus REF542plus REF542plus
18
Interfacing a Station Automation System
An optional communication module can be
provided for interfacing a station automation
system. The four different protocols available for
the REF542plus make possible to interface any
kind of station automation System, both from ABB
or from third parties.
The following typical functions are then possible:
Primary objects status monitoring;
Primary objects control;
Protections parameterization;
Measurements, alarms end events acquisition;
Fault recorder data acquisition.
These are the available protocols:
SPA-bus;
LON-bus according to ABB Lon Application
Guide (LAG) 1.4 definitions;
Modbus RTU;
IEC 60870-5-103 with the extensions for control
functions according to VDEW (Vereinigung
Deutscher Elektrizittswerke = association of
German utilities).
The first two protocols, SPA-bus and LON
according to LAG 1.4, are ABB specific, while
Modbus RTU and IEC 60870-5-103 guarantee
open connectivity to any third party system.
The picture below shows a few REF542plus units
connected with LON to an ABB system.
The LON LAG 1.4 protocol has specific features
for high accuracy time synchronization; in this
case the REF542plus units are synchronized from
the interbay bus.
Moreover, the presence of the Ethernet port on the
REF542plus extends the potential future
connectivity of the REF542plus unit.
Both Modbus RTU and Spabus protocols can run
on a module equipped with two serial channels.
The simultaneous use of the two serial channels
as physical redundancy is not possible. The
connection to two different SCADA system is
possible (for the Spabus, provided that one of the
two SCADA is for monitoring purposes only).
RE542plus units connected to an ABB
station automation system. Time synchro-
nization is done over the interbay bus.
 3

Embedded WEB Server

REF542plus can be equipped with an embedded
WEB server for monitoring purposes (WEB REF).
The Ethernet port on the main module provides
connectivity to the WEB.
By using a standard PC with a commercial WEB
browser, the user can gain access to the
substation units using the WEB facilities.
Monitoring the substation units is then possible
from everywhere; the implemented security
mechanism prevents unwanted accesses and
guarantees the required safety.
As soon as the browser is connected to the Motor WEBREF
REF542plus unit, the switchgear overview is Control Network Communication Alarm Interlocking error Last update 0 seconds

displayed. From here, the user can scroll through Local and remote / Operational 2002/12/13 14:42:30 English Deutsch

the single line diagram. Monitor Control Protection Service Configuration Help
Clicking on the address button, the specific Control
REF542plus unit single line diagram is loaded,
Single Line Diagram
with also all the information that would be M1
normally available standing in front of the HMI.
REF542plus data are available in read mode only 0% 50% 100%

(monitoring access). M2
M1: IL1
WEB REF makes also available the possibility to M1: U1E
send SMS messages via the GSM network upon M 0% 50% 100%

M3
specific, user defined condition (trips, alarms, etc.). REF542plus main page as
A suitable GSM modem must be connected to the 0% 50% 100%
seen from the Internet
mainboard module. browser.

WEBREF

WEB Switcboard
Motor Feeder 1

M1: IL1 M1: IL1

M1: U1E M1: U1E

M M

Switchgear equipped with

10.41.72.80 10.41.72.82
REF542plus: single line
Next < > diagram as seen from the
Internet browser.

19
20
 4
APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Automatic transfer switchover 22

High speed transfer system (HSTS) 23

Motor management 24

Power transformer management 25

Distribution networks management 25

Overhead and cable lines 26

Power quality 27

21
 APPLICATION EXAMPLES
This section illustrates a few typical REF542plus
applications; where its flexibility is of utmost
advantage both in terms of safety of operations
and cost effectiveness.
In all the following applications, the REF542plus is
the only unit installed in the switchgear. No
additional relays or devices are needed.
It is worth noting that in all the different
applications, the REF542plus hardware is always
the same, customized to the specific needs by
means of software configuration only. The software
customization guarantees several important
benefits to the user:
Maximum flexibility also after switchgear
commissioning, changes and extensions are
done via software. No new wirings are needed.
One kind only of spare parts instead of several
different relay types for incoming feeders, motor
feeders etc. Spare parts costs are kept at the
real minimum.
One human machine interface only to learn.
Automatic transfer switchover
The REF542plus unit can be used in medium
voltage switchgear for managing the automatic
and manual switching between two different
incoming lines.
Automatic transfer with
REF542plus.
22
Automatic switching is required in installations
where the power supply must always be
guaranteed to meet process continuity
requirements.
REF542plus carries out the automatic transfer
switchover in about 500 milliseconds (circuit-
breaker operating time included); the exact time
value depends upon the software complexity of
the required commutation logic.
Switchgear equipped with suitably programmed
REF542plus units constitute a complete, efficient
system able of controlling the switching between
one power supply system and another alternative
one, or reconfiguring the network by switching
from dual radial distribution to a single system in a
fully automatic way.
User personnel can also carry out the same
switching manually from a station automation
system or standing in front of the switchgear.
Manual switching involves performing the parallel
passing: the power supply lines are closed
simultaneously using the synchro-check function
when the two voltage vectors are synchronous,
and then subsequently returning to the
disconnected state when the switching has been
completed.
These applications do not require any
instrumentation in addition to the REF542plus.
 4

High speed transfer system (HSTS)

The classic automatic transfer switch described in
the former paragraph is not always enough. In
really demanding applications with very sensitive
loads, such as paper mills, power plants, any
voltage drop is catastrophic. In these situations,
the transfer has to be the fastest.
The automated load transfer to an emergency
feeder in less than two cycles enables to avoid
expensive downtime, and enhances the protected
bus bar supply quality, providing at the same time
full short circuit protection.
Using fast circuit breakers such as VM1 T vacuum
magnetic actuated type, when the two feeders are
synchronous and all the other conditions are met,
the REF542plus based high speed transfer
system guarantees a switch over time of 30ms.
The system is composed of:
the SUE 3000 controller
the REF542plus units
the VM1 T circuit breakers.

SUE 3000 HMI high speed transfer controller with three breakers configuration.

The picture shows the system single line diagram for a two breakers configuration.

REF542plus feeder terminals

Feeder 1 Feeder 2

VS/FDI VS/FDI

Fast VM1 Fast VM1

SUE3000

Busbar High speed transfer system

with two breakers configu-
ration architecture.

23
 APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Feeder 1 is normally closed and feeds the bus bar.
Feeder 2 is the stand by alternative feeder.
The two REF542plus units on Feeder 1 and
Feeder 2 take care of the usual control and
protection functions. In addition, they have active
the voltage supervision VS/FDI (Voltage Sensing
Fast Detection Indicator) function block to
immediately detect and signal any power loss/
drop. The VS/FDI allows alerting the SUE 3000
controller in less than 3ms.
When the REF542plus feeder terminal 1 detects a
power loss, it communicates it to the SUE 3000
that gives simultaneously the opening command
to Feeder 1 and the closing command to Feeder 2.
The SUE 3000 continuously monitors the two
feeder voltages to verify that the proper conditions
for the high speed transfer are met. The SUE 3000
compares, on a permanent basis, the phase angle
and the frequency difference between the voltage
of the bus bar and of the stand-by feeder.
Also the voltage amplitude of the stand by feeder
is verified, to be above a certain threshold.
This continuous monitoring ensures that the
minimum short transfer time is achieved, the
transient effects of which represent no danger to
the connected loads.
REF542plus motor mana-
gement diagram.
24
Motor management
The REF542plus unit is suitable for controlling
and protecting medium voltage motors of any size.
The motor can be actuated using both circuit
breakers and contactors with mechanical or
electric hold operating mechanisms. When
configured accordingly, the REF542plus is able to
manage motor shutdown, acceleration and
restarting.
Following a failure or transient voltage drop in the
power supply, the REF542plus is able to
supervise the motor disconnection and if required
to send the command for re-insertion, in complete
autonomy. Here below there is a typical example
of motor management sequence.
The installed motor control configuration
intervenes when the power supply voltage falls
below the set value that causes opening. The
REF542plus unit starts then timing the power
supply failure duration.
When the power supply is restored, the
REF542plus unit decides what action to take:
if the power supply failure time is less than the
set acceleration time, it will close the actuator
immediately, thus accelerating the motor;
if the power loss time is greater than the
acceleration time but less than the restarting
time, it will start timing a different delay motors
by motors to switch them back in again in a
predefined order;
if both time periods have been exceeded, the
REF542plus unit will reset the procedure,
awaiting an external command.

The sequence for the circuit-breakers being
switched, the voltage thresholds, time delays and
restarting enabling functions are configured in the
REF542plus unit.
Power transformer management
The protection of power transformers is the result
of a compromise between technical and
economical considerations. Also usual practices of
the electrical system designer have a relevant
weight in the choice of the protection functions
scheme to be used.
REF542plus offers a wide set of protection
suitable for small, medium and large power
transformers, to meet all the requirements.
For small and medium sized transformer, usually
over current and thermal protections are judged
sufficient. The REF542plus unit via its digital inputs
manages also other binary signals like the
Buccholz realy.
Differential protection and restricted earth fault
Important transformers, with power of a few Mega
Watts, or of particular relevance for the power
distribution network, are often protected also by
the differential protection against phase-to-phase
faults.
The restricted earth fault protection can be used
when the neutral of the downstream system is
connected to ground at the power transformer.
4
Distribution networks management
The REF542plus unit, when used in distribution
networks, provides the highest degree of
selectivity for tripping in the event of faults, quickly
isolating the fault equipment and leaving
undisturbed the supply for the unaffected loads.
Both ring and radial networks are controlled and
protected by REF542plus units with the same
effectiveness.
The REF542plus offers two directional over
current protection thresholds (67) and three
directional earth fault, one of them sensitive (67S).
Using these directional protection functions and
suitable logic, the REF542plus identifies and
locates faults (line bus bar or loads), isolates them
by opening the smallest possible number of circuit
breakers, to limit the supply switch off at the
minimum.
Logic selectivity between two REF524plus units
can be achieved by means of wire connection; the
maximum distance between the two neighboring
is about 1200 meters.
Relay
Opens
Ring network
Relay
Relay
B Circuit-breaker Radial network
67 Protection function
C Forward
D Backward
25
 APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Overhead and cable lines
Medium voltage overhead lines for power distribu-
tion are considerably shorter than overhead high
voltage lines for power transmission.
Nevertheless, medium voltage lines are subjected
to the same kind of faults: both transient like tree
arms fallings and permanent like conductor
breakdown. Fault detection and elimination is in
some case problematic, especially in complex
meshed networks.
The REF542plus distance protection is very
suitable to be used for medium voltage distribution
lines protection in networks with meshed topology.
The REF542plus distance protection can be
indifferently used in pure cable networks, pure
overhead line networks and mixed installations
(cable-overhead line or overhead line-cable). The
neutral can be insulated, directly grounded or
grounded with impedance.
The distance protection is used for short circuits
selective interruption using the fault impedance as
the main discriminating quantity. The impedance
between the point where the protection device is
installed and the point where the fault has
occurred is measured on the outgoing line. If the
impedance value is lower than the set value, a trip
is issued and the line is interrupted.
Zones configuration and
I-Z plane diagram.
26
The fault location is indirectly identified using the
impedance per unit of length of the line. In this
case, the line impedance Z (with a homogeneous
line) is proportional to the fault distance.
The distance protection comprises a starting logic,
an impedance measuring logic and a direction
identification logic.
Starting logic: it detects the fault condition.
Impedance measuring logic: it determines the
distance of the zone in which the fault has
occurred.
Direction identification logic: it verifies whether
the fault is located in the same direction as the
line being protected.
The REF542plus distance protection offers 5
different zones, 2 of them for predefined use
(overreach and directional back up). There is also
a non-directional tripping zone, independent from
the impedance, for back up.
The extremely flexible auto reclosing function
complements the REF542plus distance protection.
For example, in case of mixed cable-overhead
lines sections, it is possible to block the auto
reclosing function for cable faults using the auto-
reclosing stop zone.
The pictures show an example of zones configura-
tion and I-Z plane diagram.

Power quality
The REF542plus is equipped with functions both
to monitor and to increase the power quality.
Industrial loads are becoming more and more
sensitive to power quality parameters like
harmonic contents; while utilities billing policy
penalize poor power factor.
Integrated power factor controller with
resonance protection
The REF542plus unit offers a power factor
controller able to switch up to four capacitor banks.
This function allows integrating the reactive power
compensation in the medium voltage switchbay,
without the need of additional components. Rated
power up to tens of Mvar can be switched on and
off to follow the set target power factor for any load
conditions.
A problem that might occur when power factor
correction capacitors are switched on is harmonic
resonance.
The power system becomes tuned to a specific
frequency due the combination of the loads
inductance and the added capacitance. The power
system is then resonating at this frequency.
Harmonic resonance results in severe voltage and
current distortions, with increased losses and
equipment overheating.
4
The resonance protection (ABB patented) in the
REF542plus unit prevents these dangerous
resonance conditions. Sensing the increase in the
harmonic content, the resonance protection
switches off the inserted bank, de-tuning the power
system. Depending on the setting, the power factor
controller can then undertake other remedial
actions to follow the set target power factor.
The following figure shows the voltage total
harmonic distortion (THD) increase when
switching on a capacitor bank. The THD remains
above the set trip threshold level after the typical
hundred of milliseconds of the transient. The
resonance protection then clears the dangerous
condition switching off the capacitor bank.
THD protection
Harmonics have significant unwanted impact on
power distribution systems and the loads they feed.
Typical negative effects are overheating, current
demand increases, over voltages. Negative
sequence harmonics reduce forward torque in
motors, while increasing the current.
REF542plus THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)
protection prevents these negative effects. The
protection issues the trip when the harmonic
content is higher than the set threshold. The
content is analyzed up to 1500Hz, which results in
the 25th harmonic for 60Hz system and a 30th for
50Hz one.
Resonance condition
caused by switching on
a capacitor bank.
27
28
 5
CONSTRUCTION

Base Unit versions 30

External dimensions 30

Mounting and installation 31

29
 CONSTRUCTION
Base Unit versions
The REF542plus Base Unit housing is made from
aluminum sheets. Its exterior is chromatized both
to protect the housing against corrosion and to
improve immunity against EMC disturbances. Two
different housings are available:
Standard,
Wide.
In both versions, at least the following modules
have to be present:
the power supply, the mainboard, the analog
input module, one binary input and output
module.
The standard housing can additionaly house:
another binary input and output module,
alternatively the communication module or the
4/0 ... 20 mA analog output module.
External dimensions
Standard housing version dimensions.
30
Backplane differs from 4/0 ... 20 mA analog output
module and communication module. The
backplane type has to be specified.
The wide housing can additionaly house:
other 2 binary input and output modules,
the communication module,
alternatevly the 4/0 ... 20 mA analog output
module or the 4 ... 20 mA analog input module.
Note: the 4 ... 20 mA analog input module can be
used with the wide housing only.
Standard housing summary
One power supply;
One mainboard module;
One analog input module;
At most two binary input and output module;
Optionally the communication module or the
4/0 ... 20 mA analog output one.
Wide housing version dimensions.
 5

Wide housing summary

One power supply;
One mainboard module;
One analog input module;
At most three binary input and
output modules;
Optionally the communication
module;
Optionally the 4 ... 20 mA analog
input module or the 4/0 ... 20 mA
analog output module.

Mounting and installation

The picture shows an example of
wide housing Base Unit installation
inside the low voltage compartment.
Thanks to the slider shown on the
left, the time required to dismount the
Base Unit or to replace a module is
extremely short. Four bolts keep the Base Unit installation
unit in place.

HMI
The HMI dimensions are shown in the following picture.

HMI dimensions.

31
32
 6
TECHNICAL DATA

Analog inputs and measurements 34

Protection functions technical data 37

Configuration restriction 42

Binary inputs and outputs 43

Interfaces 44

Power supply 45

Environmental conditions 45

Protection degree 45

Type test 45

33
 TECHNICAL DATA

Analog inputs

Measurements
The REF542plus unit uses the same analog inputs both for measurements and
protections. The measurement classes are according to the following table.

Quantity Accuracy Range

Phase current, earth current 1% 0.5 2.4 In
Line voltage, phase voltage 0.5% 0.8 1.2 Vn
Active, reactive energy 3% --
Active, reactive, apparent power 1.5% --
Frequency 0.02% --
Cosj 1.5 % 01

To achieve highest accuracy the instrument transformers or the sensors must have 0.5%
accuracy in the same range.

Protection
Class 3.

Current and voltage transformer input values

Rated current In 0.2 A or 1 A or 5 A
Rated voltage Un 100 V ... 125 V
Rated frequency fn 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Thermal load capacity

Current path 250 In (peak value), dynamic 100 In for 1s, 4 In continuous
Voltage path 2 Un /3 continuous

Consumption
Current path < 0.1 VA with In
Voltage path < 0.25 VA with Un

Current and voltage sensor input values

Voltage at rated current In 150 mV (rms)/50 Hz/60Hz
Voltage at rated voltage Un 2V (rms)
Rated frequency fn 50 Hz/60 Hz

34
 6

Analog input modules

Several different types of analog input modules are available, to cope with the different
protection functions.
The modules are equipped with the following combinations of input current and/or voltage
transformers:
3 or 6 current transformers for phase currents;
3 or 6 voltage transformers for phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltages;
1 or 2 current transformers for residual currents;
1 or 2 voltage transformers for residual voltages.
There are also versions for sensor inputs and mixed ones, to connect both conventional
instrument transformers and sensors.
At most, eight input channels are available.
If programmed, input channels can be supervised.
The following analog input types are available: (S means sensor input, CT means Current
Transformer input, VT means Voltage Transformer input).
Other combinations are available upon specific request.

Code Description
1VCF 750170R0804 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0806 3 VT+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0807 3 CT+3 CT
1VCF 750170R0809 3 CT+3 CT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0812 3 VT+3 VT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0817 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT
1VCF 750170R0819 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0821 3 CT+ +1 CT
1VCF 750170R0822 3 CT+ +1 CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0824 3 CT+3VT+1CT+1CT
1VCF 750170R0825 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0826 3 CT+3 VT+1 VT +1 VT
1VCF 750170R0827 3 CT+3 CT+1 CT +1 CT
1VCF 750170R0828 3 CT+3 CT+1 CT +1 VT
1VCF 750138R0803 3 S+3 S+1 S+1 S
1VCF 750170R0843 3 S+3 S+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0846 3 S+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0847 3 S+3 S+1 CT
1VCF 750170R0851 3 S+3 S+1 CT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0852 3 S+3 S+1CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0853 3 S+3 S+1 VT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0854 3 S+3 CT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0855 3 S+3 CT+1 CT 0.2A+1 CT 0.2A

35
 TECHNICAL DATA
Reaction time
In this context the protection reaction time is
defined as the time elapsed between the fault
detection and the closing of the contact that gives
supply to the circuit breaker tripping coil (or the
equivalent tripping mechanism for magnetic drive
or contactors). This time is the sum of different
intervals:
1 Fault detection time;
2 User defined pre set delay (for definite time
protection functions);
3 Trip information processing;
4 Relay output contact actuation.
The REF542plus is a protection and control unit
and the programmed automation logic is executed
cyclically in a PLCstyle mode. The cycle time, in
the range of ten millisecond, is depending upon
the logic complexity.
The REF542plus has an internal fixed
compensation both for the relay output contact
actuation time and for the logic execution time.
Nevertheless, the actual trip information
processing time depends upon the complexity of
the actual logic programmed inside the unit.
36
As a result, the protection reaction time, in the
worst case, can be the user-defined pre set delay
plus twice the cycle time.
Direct channel
In really demanding applications, the protection
has to react as fast as possible and the system
behavior has to be absolutely deterministic. The
REF542plus offers then to the protection system
designer the direct channel option.
Using this option, the programmed logic execution
flow inside the unit is skipped and the trip
command is instantly delivered to the switching
object representing the circuit breaker. All the
interlocking conditions are nevertheless respected
and assured. Should the circuit breaker be
blocked for any reason, e.g. insufficient SF6
pressure, the trip command is not actuated. The
direct channel option grants then an absolutely
deterministic behavior to the REF542plus
protection functions.
 6

Protection functions technical data

The table below illustrates the protection functions technical data.

ANSI Code Protection Function and parameters

Current protection functions
68 Inrush stabilization (only in connection with 50 and 51)
N = 2.0 8.0
M = 3.0 4.0
Time = 200 100.000 ms
68 Inrush Harmonic
Min current threshold = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
Harmonic ratio threshold = 5.00 ... 50.00%
Fault current threshold = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
50 Overcurrent instantaneous
I>>> = 0.10 ... 40.00 In
t = 15 ... 30 000 ms
51 Overcurrent high
I>> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 20 ... 300.000 ms
51 Overcurrent low
I > = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 30 ... 300.000 ms
51 IDMT Overcurrent IDMT (inverse definite minimum time)
Normal-, Very-, Extremely- or Longtime- inverse time characteristic
Ie = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
K = 0.05 ... 1.5
67 Overcurrent directional high
I>> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
Direction = backward, forward
67 Overcurrent directional low
IE> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
Direction = backward, forward

Earth Fault (1)

51N Earth fault high
IE>> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
51N Earth fault low
IE> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
51N IDMT Earth fault IDMT (inverse definite minimum time)
Curve type= standard, very, extremely or long time inverse time characteristic (1) The use of the current
Ie = 0.05 ... 40.00 In balance transformer
K = 0.05 ... 1.5 (accuracy class 1) is
recommended to apply
the lowest setting (0.05
In).

37
 TECHNICAL DATA

67N Earth fault directional high

IE>> = 0.05 ... 40.00
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
Vo = 0,02 ... 0,7 Un
direction=forward, backward
net type=isolated (sin j), earthed (cosj)
67N Earth fault directional low
IE> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 300.000 ms
Vo = 0,02 ... 0,7 Vn
direction=forward, backward
net type=isolated (sin j), earthed (cosj)
67S Earth fault directional sensitive
I0 = 0.05 ... 2.00 In
t = 100 ... 10.00 ms
Angle a = 0 ... 20
Angle d = -180 ... 180
U0 = 0.05 ...0.70 Un

Voltage protection functions

59 Overvoltage instantaneous
U>>> = 0.10 ... 3.00 Un
t = 15 ... 300.000 ms
59 Overvoltage high
U>> = 0.10 ... 3.00 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
59 Overvoltage low
U> = 0.10 ... 3.00 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
27 Undervoltage instantaneous
U<<< = 0.10 ... 1.2 Un
t = 15 ... 30.000 ms
27 Undervoltage high
U<< = 0.1 ... 1.2 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
27 Undervoltage low
U< = 0.1 ... 1.2 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
25 Synchronism check
Delta Voltage (D U) = 0.02 ... 0.40 Un
Time = 0.2 ... 1.000,00 s
Delta Phase (D j) = 5 ... 50
59N Residual overvoltage high
UNE>> = 0.05 ... 3.00 Un
t = 20 ... 300.000 ms
59N Residual overvoltage low
UNE> = 0.05 ... 3.00 Un
t = 20 ... 300.000 ms

38
 6

Motor protection functions

49 Thermal overload protection with total memory
Nominal Temperature = 50 ... 400 C (nominal temperature at I nom)
Nominal current (Ie) = 0.1 ... 5.0 In (primary value of the nominal motor current)
Initial Temperature = 10 ... 400 C
Time Constant at I < 0.1 Ie = 10 ... 100.000 s
Time Constant at 0.1 Ie < I < 2 Ie = 10 ... 20.000 s
Time Constant at I > 2 Ie = 10 ... 20.000 s
Maximum Temperature = 50 ... 400 C
Warning Temperature = 50 ... 400 C
Environmental Temperature = 10 ... 50 C
Reset Temperature = 10 400 C
51MS Motor start (adiabatic characteristic)
Ie = 0.2 ... 2 In (motor current) (2)
Is = 1.00 ... 20.00 Ie (start value)
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
I> = 0.2 ... 0.8 Is (motor start)
51LR Locked rotor (definite time characteristic)
Ie = 0.2 ... 2.0 In (motor current)
Is = 1.00 ... 20.00 Ie (start value)
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
66 Number of starts
n (warm) = 1 ...10 (number of warm starts)
n (cold) = 1 ...10 (number of cold starts)
t = 1.00 .. 7200.00 s
T (warm) = 20 ... 200 C (temperature limit warm start)
46 Unbalance load
Is = 0.05 ... 0.3 In (start value of the negative phase sequence)
K = 2.0 ... 30.0
t Reset = 0 ... 2000 s
Timer decreasing rate = 0 100%
37 Low load
Pn = 50 ... 1000 000 kW (primary values)
Minimal load P = 5 ... 100% Pn
Minimal current I = 2 ... 20 % In
Op. time = 1 ... 1000 s

Differential protection functions

87 Differential
Transformer group = 0 ... 11
Transformer earthing = primary and or secondary side
Nom. current In on the primary side of the transformer = 10.0 ... 100.000 A (prim value) (2) The motor temperature
Nom. current In on the secondary side of the transformer = 10.0 ... 100.000 A (prim value) assumed by the number
Threshold current = 0.10 ... 0.50 In of starts protection is
Unbiased region limit = 0.50 5.00 In the one computed by
Slightly biased region threshold = 0.20 ... 2.00 In the thermal overload
Slightly biased region limit = 1.00 ... 10.0 In protection (49). If the
thermal overload pro-
Slope = 0.40 ... 1.00
tection is not used, the
Trip by Id> = 5.00 ... 40.0 In
number of starts protec-
Blocking by 2nd harmonic = 0.10 0.30 In tion always assumes a
Blocking by 5th harmonic = 0.10 0.30 In cold start.

39
 TECHNICAL DATA

87 N Restricted earth Fault (Restricted differential)

Reference nominal current = 1.00 ... 100000.00 A
Unbiased region threshold = 0.05 ... 0.50 In
Unbiased region limit = 0.01 ... 1.00 In
Slightly biased region slope = 0.01 ... 2.00
Slightly biased region limit = 0.01 ... 2.00 In
Heavily biased region slope = 0.10 ... 1.00
Relay Operate Angle = 60 ... 180
Time = 0.04 ... 100.00 s

Frequency protection function

81 Frequency protection
Start value = 40 ... 75 Hz step 0.01
Frequency gradient = 0.01 1 Hz/s step 0.01
Time = 0.1 ... 30.0 s
Undervoltage threshold = 0.1 ... 1 Un
Trip logic = freq. only / freq. and gradient / freq. or gradient

Frequency supervision
Frequency supervision
Start value = 0.04 ... 5 Hz
Time = 1 ... 300 s

Distance protection function

21 Distance protection
Net type = high/low ohmic
earth start IE> used or unused
switching onto faults = normal, overreach zone, trip after start
Signal comparison overreach scheme time set = 30 . 300.000 ms
U / I- Start characteristic:
I>, IE> and IF> = 0.05 ... 4.00 In
UF< = 0.05 ... 0.9 Un
Phase selection = cyclic/acyclic
Earth factor:
k = 0.00 ... 10.00, j (k) = -60 ... 60
3 Impedance, 1 overreach stage and 1 autoreclose control stage:
R = 0.05 ... 120 W (secondary values)
X = 0.05 ... 120 W (secondary values)
t = 20 ... 10.000 ms
1 directional stage
Direction 0 ... 90 or -45 ... 135
t = 20 ... 10.000 ms
1 non directional stage
t = 20 ... 10.000 ms

40
 6

Power Quality functions

Power factor controller
Switching sequence: linear, circular
Switching histeresis: neutral zone 105 ... 200 % of Qco
Pick up value: 0 ... 100 % of Qco
Reactive power of smallest bank Qco: 1.000 ... 20.000 kVar
Configuration banks: 1:1:1:1, 1:1:2:2, 1:2:2:2, 1:2:4:4, 1:2:4:8
Number of banks: 1 ... 4
Max switching cycles: 1 ... 10.000
Set point cos phi: 0.7 ... 1.000
Limiting value cos phi: 0.0 ... 1.00
Method of operation: direct integrating
dicharge blocking time: 1 ... 7200 s
dead time: 1 ... 120 s
power on delay: 1 ... 7200 s
duration of integration: 1 ... 7200 s
High harmonic protection
Voltage THD Startvalue = 5 ... 50%
Voltage THD Time Delay = 0.01 ... 360.00 s
Time = 0.05 ... 360.00 s
Rms Voltage Startvalue = 0.10 ... 1.00 Un
Switching resonance protection
Voltage THD Start value = 5 ... 50%
Delta Voltage THD Start Value = 1 ... 50 %
Voltage THD Time Delay = 0.01 ... 60 s
Time = 0.05 ... 60 s
PFC OP Time = 0.01 ... 120 s
Rms Voltage Start value = 0.1 ... 1.0 Un

41
 TECHNICAL DATA

Other functions
Fault recorder Recording time = 1000 ... 5000 ms
Pre fault time: = 100 ... 2000 ms
Post fault time = 100 ... 4900 ms
Max. 5 records
79 Autorecloser
Number of slot = 5
Reclam Time = 10 ... 1000 s
Specfic time first shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time first shot = 0.10 ...100s
Specific tme second shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time second shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
Specific time third shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time third shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
Specfic time fourth shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time fourth shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
Specific tme fifth shot = 0,04 ... 30 s
Dead time fifth shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
32 Directional power
Direction = forward, backward
Nominal real power Pn = 1 ... 1000 000 kW (primary values)
Max. reverse load P> = 1 ... 50 % Pn
Op. time = 1.0 ... 1000 s

Configuration restriction At most 15 energy counters can be configured.

There are some limitations that must be respected
during the REF542plus configuration.
At most 24 protection functions can be configured
inside the unit.
A protection function can activate only one single
direct channel.
The number of direct channel is limited to 24.
The configuration cycle time must be below 30ms,
to guarantee the proper unit working.
At most 1000 wires can be drawn, and the
connections are limited to 512.
Only one store object can be configured. (The
store object allows storing binary data between a
power fail and the next start up, see the
programming manual for more details).
At most 62 switching objects can be configured (a
switching object is used to represent a primary
object like a circuit breaker, a contactor etc.)
At most 10 analog threshold objects per analog
input can be configured (analog threshold objects
allow to undertake some actions depending upon
the level of voltage and current, see the
programming manual for more details).
LCD and HMI
At most ten icons can be displayed on the LCD.
At most eight switching devices icons can be
displayed on the LCD.
When binary I/O modules with mechanical relays
are used, a maximum of seven switching devices
can be controlled.
At most, 40 lines can be drawn.
At most 32 signaling leds organized in 4 pages
can be configured.
At most 48 Analog Warning Objects can be
installed.

42
 6

Binary inputs and outputs
Binary input and output modules are available in
two main versions: with electromechanical relays
and with static outputs (power transistor types). For
both of them, binary inputs are of the same type,
insulated with optic couplers.
Inside a REF542plus unit, only modules of the
same type have to be present. It is not possible to
have both static and electromechanical modules.
For both voltage ranges, the modules can be
equipped with an optional static output (power
transistor) on binary output 7, instead of the
normal electromechanical contact. This static
output is usually needed to feed external energy
meters with pulses.
To make wiring easier, there are also available
board versions with the binary inputs minus (-)
connected together on the module by an internal
line.

BIO module with mechanical output relays

(type 3)
Binary input and output modules type BIO3 are
available in several versions.
High voltage, with inputs able to withstand a
voltage range from 85 up to 220VDC. The input
threshold activation level is 50VDC.
Low voltage, with inputs able to withstand a
voltage range from 24 up to 90VDC. The input
threshold activation level is 14VDC.

The table below shows the main features.

14 input channels Possible auxiliary voltage ranges:

20 to 90 V DC (threshold 14 V DC)
80 to 250 V DC (threshold 50 V DC)
Hardware fixed filter time 1 ms. Additional filter time can be configured in software.
6 power outputs . Maximum operating voltage 250 V AC/DC
(channels BO 1 to 6) Make current 20 A
Load current 12 A
Breaking capacity 30 W with L/R <15 ms
Operating time 3 ms
2 signal outputs (BO7 and 8) Maximum operating voltage 250 V AC/DC
and 1 watchdog output (WD) Make current 8A
Load current 2A
Operating time 3 ms
Optional: 1 static output Maximum operating voltage 250 VDC
on BO7 Make current 1.5 A peak
Load current 0.7 A continuous
Operating time 1 ms
1 coil supervision Coil OK when impedance below 10 Kohm.
circuit on BO2

43
 TECHNICAL DATA

BIO module with static outputs

The technical data for the binary input and output module with static outputs are listed below.
This module is full range and covers the complete voltage range from 48 up to 265VDC.

14 inputs (BI 1-14) Auxiliary voltage range:

48 to 265 VDC (Threshold 35 VDC)
Hardware fixed filter time 1 ms. Additional filter time can be configured in
software.
3 power outputs Operating voltage 48 to 265 VDC
(BO1,2 and 7) Make current 70 A for t 10 ms
Load current 12 A for t 30 s
Operating time 1 ms
4 power outputs Operating voltage 48 to 265 V DC
(BO3 to 6) Make current 16 A for t 10 ms
Load current 10 A for t 30 s
Operating time 1 ms
2 signal outputs (BO8,9) Operating voltage 48 to 265 V DC
and 1 watchdog output (WD) Make current 0.3 A
Operating time 1 ms
2 coil supervision circuits Coil OK when impedance below 10 Kohm
on BO1 and BO2 channels

Interfaces Communication to a station automation system

(optional)
HMI Control Unit SPABUS, optical plastic fiber interface with snap-
Serial optical/electrical RS 232 interface to a PC in type connector; or glass fiber (multi mode) with
(at the front). F-SMA or ST connectors.
Galvanically insulated RS 485 standard
interface to the Base Unit (at the rear). LON (according to ABB LAG1.4), glass fiber (multi
Power supply. mode) optical interface with ST connectors.

Base Unit IEC 60870-5-103 with extension according to

Galvanically insulated RS 485 standard
interface to the HMI.
RS 232 standard service interface.
Power supply.
0/4 ... 20 mA Analog output module (optional)
Four output channels 0 to 20 mA or 4 to 20 mA,
freely configurable.
4 ... 20 mA Analog input module (optional)
Six input channels 4...20 mA.
VDEW guidelines for controlling, glass fiber (multi
mode) optical interface with ST connectors.
MODBUS RTU/SPA-Bus electrical interface with
two galvanically insulated SPA-Bus RS 485 ports
or optical interface with four standard ST
connectors for glass fiber (multi mode).
Ethernet Interface
Standard RJ45 connector on the main module.
CAN Open (optional)
Open style connector compliant with CAN Open
standard and ISO11898.

44
 6

Input for time synchronization (optional) Type test

The supported protocol is IRIG, format B000, Detailed information on type tests are listed in the
B002, B003. document: REF542plus. Type test certificate,
Glass fiber 1VTA400022.
Wavelength: 820nm
Max distance: 1500m Protection functions
Connector type: ST Protection functions are type tested according to
IEC 60255 standard series.
Input for HSTS (optional)
2 glass fiber optical inputs, ST connectors. Electro magnetic compatibility
1 glass fiber optical output, ST connector. All relevant tests are according to the following
Refer to SUE 3000 specific documentation for standard series:
more details. IEC 60255 for electromagnetic compatibility and
product standard;
EN 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility;
Power supply EN 50263 for measuring relays and protection
equipment.
Central Unit EN 60694 + IEC 60694 Amd.12000 for common
Rated voltage 110 VDC (-30%, +10%) specifications for high-voltage switchgear and
220 VDC (-30%, +10%) or control gears.
48 to 220 VDC (-15%, +10%)
Power consumption < 30 W (Typical, 2 BIOs) Insulation resistance
Greater than >100MOhm at 500V DC.
Inrush current < 10 A peak value for 200 ms
Admissible ripple Less than 10%
Mechanical robustness
According to IEC 60255-21-1.
HMI Control Unit
Rated voltage 48 110 VDC (-15%, +10%) Climatic conditions
110 220 VDC (-15%, +10%) Cold test according to IEC 60068-2-1.
Power consumption <6W Dry heat test according to IEC 60068-.2-2
Admissible ripple Less than 10%
Certifications
ATEX

Environmental conditions The REF542plus unit, when used as a motor

protection, can optionally comply with the directive
Ambient operation 94/9/EC from the European Community for
temperature -10 + 55C explosives environments. This directive defines
Ambient transport how motor protection units behave in potentially
and storage temperature -25 +70C explosive environment. The EC type certification
Ambient humidity Up to 95% without number from PTB (Physikalisch Technische
condensation Bundesanstalt) is PTB 02 ATEX 3000.
Altitude < 1000m a.s.l. When requested, ATEX certification must be
specified at ordering time.

Protection degree
Base unit
Housing: IP20.

HMI control unit

Front: IP 44
Rear: IP 20.

45
46
 7
CONNECTIONS

Connector plates 48

Binary input and output connections 51

Typical connection schemes 53

47
 CONNECTIONS

Connector plates
The pictures show the connections
plate for REF542plus both in the
standard and wide housing versions.
The wide housing version can house
three binary input and output
modules, the communication
module, the 0/4 ... 20 mA analog
output module or alternatively the
4 ... 20 mA analog input module.
The standard housing version can
house at most two binary input and
output modules and alternatively the
communication module or the
analog output module.

REF542plus standard housing connections plate with mixed analog input

connector and connector for the communication module.

REF542plus standard housing connections plate with mixed analog input

connector and connector for the 0/4 ... 20 mA analog output module.

REF542plus wide housing connections plate.

48
 7

The connectors meaning is explained in the Connector Meaning

following table. X10 Base unit power supply
A few connectors have different meaning X20 First BIO, inputs
depending upon the used communication module X21 First BIO, outputs
type. X30 Second BIO, inputs
Sensors connectors X87 and X88 are placed X31 Second BIO, outputs
instead of X80 when only sensors are used. X40 Third BIO, inputs
X41 Third BIO, outputs
X50 Analog Output 0/4 ... 20 mA or Analog input 4 ... 20 mA
X60 Modbus RS 485, channel 2; COM L-COM I TX; SPABUS RX
X61 Modbus RS 485, channel 1; COM L-COM I RX; SPABUS TX
X62 Opt. Modbus, RX channel 1
X63 Opt. Modbus, TX channel 1
X64 Opt. Modbus, RX channel 2
X65 Opt. Modbus, TX channel 2
X70 Ethernet Interface
X71 CAN interface
X72 RS 232 Service port
X73 Connection to HMI
REF542plus HMI connections plate. X20 is X74 Time synch optical input
the connection to the Base Unit. X10 is the
X75 HSTS Input
power supply.
X76 HSTS Input
X77 HSTS Output
X80 Connector for CTs and VTs
X81 Sensor 1
X82 Sensor 2
X83 Sensor 3
X84 Sensor 4
X85 Sensor 5
X86 Sensor 6
X87 Sensor 7
X88 Sensor 8

Analog inputs connections

The analog input connector plate changes when
conventional instrument transformer, sensors or Connector for sensors
mixed combinations have to be connected. analog input module.
When sensors are used, they are connected with
double line ST type connectors.
X81 corresponds to sensor 1, and X88 connects
sensor 8. They can be indifferently current or
voltage sensors. The choice is a software configu-
ration inside the REF542plus unit.
When conventional instrument transformers are in
use, the connector looks like in the picture below.

Connector for conventional

instrument transformers.

49
 CONNECTIONS

Binary input and output connections

Binary inputs and outputs modules use the following connectors:
X20 (inputs), X21 (outputs) for the first module;
X30 (inputs), X31 (outputs) for the second module;
X40 (inputs), X41 (outputs) for the third module, available with the wide case only.
The picture shows binary inputs of two BIO3 modules (X20 and X30 connectors), both with
separated and connected minus.

Binary inputs types.

50
 7

The following picture shows the first BIO3 outputs for the two different module types:
electromechanical and static.

Binary outputs types, elec-

tromechanical types on the
left and solid state on the
right.

51
 CONNECTIONS

In the electromechanical module, it is visible the

trip coil supervision on BO2. Binary outputs BO7
and BO8, normally used for signaling, are
exchange contacts. WD1 is the watchdog contact.
In the static output module, there are two trip coil
supervision circuits on BO1 and BO2.
The REF542plus can also be equipped with
binary input and output modules of BIO2 types.
This module type has electromechanical relays for
the outputs and presents slight differences with
BIO3 Modules.
An example of BIO2 module is in the picture.

Binary outputs of BIO2 module type.

52
 7

Typical connection schemes

Some exemplary connection schemes are reported below. Many others are
possible.

Generic Outgoing Feeder

This picture represents the typical connection scheme for outgoing feeders,
when both voltage and current protections are required. There is also a
current balance transformer for earth fault current sensing. Analog input
channel 8 is not used.

Generic Outgoing feeder.

53
 CONNECTIONS

Feeder with differential protection
The schematic diagram below shows the
connection for a power transformer feeder with
differential, earth fault and restricted earth fault
protection.
The used analog input board has 8 inputs for
currents. The first 6 channels are used for the
differential protection; channel 7 is used for the
restricted earth fault protection and channel 8 for
the earth protection.

Power transformer differen-

tial protection.

54

Incoming feeder with synchrocheck
The picture below shows a possible connection
diagram for a generic incoming feeder with
synchrocheck function on the bus bar.
Channels 1,2,3 are used for current sensing and
current protection functions.
7
Channels 4,5,6 are used for phase to earth
voltage measurements and protection of the
incoming feeder. Channel 7 is used for the
residual current for earth fault protection while
channel 8 is used for phase-to-phase voltage
to perform the synchrocheck.
Incoming feeder with
synchrocheck capability.
55
56
 8
INFORMATION

Document information 58

Product information 58

57
 8
INFORMATION

Document information
Revision History
Document revision Date Note
1VTA100001-Rev 6, en 25.10.2002 Last revision for Rel 1.1, sw version V4C01
1VTA100001-Rev 7, en 15.09.2003 Rel 2.0, sw version V4D02

Product Information
Australia India
ABB Australia Pty Limited ABB Limited - Design & Development
PTMV / MV Air Insulated Panels and Switchboards MV Switchgear Division
Bapaume Road plot No. 79 Street No. 17
Moorebank NSW Australia 2170 Nashik -PIN- 422007
Phone: +61 2 9821 0269 Phone: +91 0253 2351095
Fax: +61 2 9602 2454 Fax: +91 0253 2350644
E-mail: abbptmv.aus@au.abb.com Internet: http://www.abb.com
Internet: http://www.abb.com/au
Switzerland
China ABB Secheron SA
ABB Xiamen Switchgear Co. Ltd Medium Voltage
Engineering Rue des Sablieres 4-6
ABB Industrial Park, Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, CH 1217 Meyrin
Xiao Dong Shan Phone: +41 22 306 2646
Xiamen S.E.Z., Fujian 361006 Fax: +41 22 306 2682
Phone: +86 592 6026-033 Ext. 4061 E-mail: info.secheron@ch.abb.com
Fax: +86 592 603-0525 Internet: http://www.abb.ch
Internet: http://www.abb.com
Egypt
Czech Republic ABB Arab Technical Marketing
ABB s.r.o. Industrial Zone B1
MV Switchgear 10th of Ramadan City
Videnska 117 Phone: +2 15 36 1288
61900 Brno Fax: +2 15 36 1642
Phone: +420 5 4715 2413 Internet: http://www.abb.com/eg
Fax: +420 5 4715 2190
E-mail: info.ejf@cz.abb.com Germany
Internet: http://www.abb.com ABB Calor Emag Mittelspannung GmbH
Product Management
Italy Oberhausener Strae. 33
ABB T&D S.p.A 40472 Ratingen
Unit Operativa Sace T.M.S. Phone: +49 2102 12 1901
Product Management Fax: +49 2102 12 1808 1901
Via Friuli 4 E-mail: calor.info@de.abb.com
I-24044 Dalmine (BG) Internet: http://www.abb.de/calor
Phone: +39 035 395 111
Fax: +39 035 395 874 Korea
E-mail: sacetms.tipm@it.abb.com ABB Ltd.
Internet: http://www.abb.com/it Power Technology Medium Voltage
513 Sungsung-dong (Chonan Foreign Invested-Enterprises Industrial
Malaysia Park) Chonan, Chungchong-namdo, Post 330-300
ABB Transmission & Distribution Sdn. Bhd. Phone: +82 41 529 2458
Manufacturing Fax: +82 41 529 2500
Lot 608, Jalan SS 13/1K E-mail: swgr.info@kr.abb.com
47500 Subang Jaya, Petaling Jaya Internet: http://www.abb.com.kr
Selanggor Darul Ehsan
Phone: +603 5628 4888 Turkey
Internet: http://www.abb.com ABB Elektrik Sanayi. A.S.
Design & Engineering
Organize Sanayi Blgesi 2 Cadde: No. 16
Yukar Dudullu
81260 Istanbul
Phone: +90 216 365 2900
Fax: +90 216 365 2943
Internet: http://www.abb.com

58
Via Friuli, 4
I-24044 Dalmine

Fax: +39 035 395874

Tel: +39 035 395111

Internet://www.abb.com
Unit Operativa Sace T.M.S.

E-mail: sacetms.tipm@it.abb.com
ABB Trasmissione & Distribuzione S.p.A.
The data and illustrations are not binding. We reserve the right
to make changes in the course of technical development of the product.
1VTA100001 Rev. H, en Release 2.0 SW Version V4D02 - 2003.11